TABLE 10. U.S. research and development expenditures, by state, performing sector, and source of funding: 2008
(Millions of dollars)
Performer:
Federal
Funding
source:
All R&D
R&D rank Federal
State
FFRDCs
NonTotal Federal federald
Total
Business
Paid by others
Own Nonfunds federale Federal
U&Ca
Other
govern- Busiment ness
Total Federal
Other
nonprofit State,
institutions internalb
NonU&C profit
Federalf
Total
R&D
intensityc
GDP
GDP rank Percent Rank
U.S. totalg
403,040
na 29,839
14,835
NA
NA 290,681 232,505 21,816 36,360
51,650 30,341
3,518 3,004 10,707 4,080
6,236
NA 14,269,835
na
2.82
na
States totalg
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of
Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
372,660
4,870
269
7,010
747
81,323
5,810
11,322
1,594
na 28,730
24 1,035
49
78
15
855
43
46
1 1,798
21
295
12
38
33
4
14,695 14,251
0
0
0
0
56
50
0
0
3,988 3,858
391
359
0
0
0
0
444 271,671 220,020 19,433 30,644
0
3,099
922
125 2,052
0
69
52
10
6
6
5,232
3,268
444 1,520
0
443
399
34
11
130 67,532 54,231 4,402 8,900
32
4,019
3,396
229
394
0 10,518
8,938
D
D
0
1,441
1,441
D
D
51,784 31,138
708
466
111
97
831
417
247
108
7,026 4,051
924
722
732
503
133
92
3,409 2,864 10,422 3,951
10
23
170
39
2
*
0
12
58
31
276
49
59
13
47
20
333 420 1,386 836
20
51
90
42
17
23
96
92
8
6
23
5
5,780
29
10
35
11
978
181
34
16
NA 14,269,835
NA
170,672
NA
49,720
NA
261,537
NA
100,232
NA 1,925,499
NA
255,226
NA
222,168
NA
58,357
na
25
45
18
34
1
19
23
42
2.61
2.85
0.54
2.68
0.75
4.22
2.28
5.10
2.73
na
12
50
15
45
9
21
5
14
264
81
31
25
5
88
4
14
6
1
7
68
381
1,258
37
223
3
21
12
10
7
4
25
42
345
126
2
182
24
39
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
35
4
10
39
43
5
16
30
32
28
24
44
15
13
12
17
36
22
49
37
31
41
7
38
3
9
50
8
29
26
6.15
0.87
1.30
1.00
2.48
1.88
2.32
1.57
1.62
0.94
0.56
1.02
5.92
5.53
4.12
2.56
0.84
1.62
1.12
1.17
0.69
4.24
4.28
7.58
1.48
2.13
1.64
2.15
0.68
2.83
2
43
36
41
18
27
20
33
30
42
49
40
3
4
10
17
44
31
39
38
46
8
7
1
34
25
29
24
47
13
5,946
6,515
5,232
663
1,375
11,961
6,111
2,136
2,029
1,463
1,193
516
16,605
20,090
15,507
6,697
808
3,884
401
988
913
2,496
20,713
5,906
16,486
8,612
511
10,164
1,030
4,802
19
17
22
44
34
10
18
30
32
35
37
46
6
4
8
16
41
26
48
39
40
29
2
20
7
14
47
13
38
25
4,737
665
336
91
60
127
162
58
19
23
115
12
8,621
891
135
47
146
46
55
41
38
21
679
561
161
259
26
750
77
94
6
0
0
0
236
874
0
27
0
0
0
0
523
641
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
78
4,150
480
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
224
824
0
27
0
0
0
0
523
638
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
78
4,075
459
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
50
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
21
0
0
0
0
0
571
4,178
3,344
269
961
8,900
4,991
1,509
1,600
933
411
308
4,333
15,028
13,742
5,728
252
2,857
148
561
677
2,169
19,054
735
11,455
6,246
303
7,405
595
4,074
155
3,009
2,501
176
786
7,984
4,375
1,041
1,111
879
303
253
2,327
12,625
12,105
5,327
179
2,857
125
464
612
876
17,331
326
9,061
4,903
218
5,367
521
3,913
82
500
342
29
166
589
407
257
288
42
64
23
654
931
1,261
223
20
D
15
83
42
127
1,459
172
876
1,076
81
588
47
112
334
669
501
65
9
327
209
211
201
13
44
32
1,352
1,472
376
178
54
D
8
14
23
1,166
264
238
1,518
267
4
1,450
27
49
369
1,592
1,521
279
113
1,973
954
528
404
506
660
128
2,747
2,272
1,594
699
406
960
186
376
191
302
877
417
4,045
1,981
181
1,827
333
595
290
850
800
200
67
1,149
436
336
190
242
300
60
2,006
1,722
917
371
262
609
111
147
138
206
458
287
2,461
1,183
97
1,056
144
425
8
177
92
18
22
75
59
54
53
62
118
12
63
17
66
63
37
34
28
12
12
7
57
25
256
185
38
169
51
45
8
106
81
27
5
77
99
20
11
12
21
4
94
168
74
31
14
21
8
25
3
12
42
15
183
227
9
163
25
26
27
379
450
28
17
546
292
93
131
144
164
50
389
139
432
128
85
223
35
161
34
56
241
84
791
316
31
339
100
66
37
80
99
5
2
125
68
24
18
46
57
2
196
226
104
106
8
74
4
31
3
21
78
6
354
69
6
101
14
33
96,757
747,803
402,097
66,038
55,465
635,080
263,732
136,007
124,895
155,852
211,459
50,462
280,509
363,064
376,184
261,951
95,653
239,703
35,818
84,639
132,133
58,808
484,332
77,959
1,110,712
404,386
31,118
472,285
151,540
169,529
TABLE 10. U.S. research and development expenditures, by state, performing sector, and source of funding: 2008
(Millions of dollars)
State
Performer:
Federal
Funding
source:
All R&D
R&D rank Federal
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
13,068
1,233
2,086
254
3,871
20,316
2,522
546
11,472
16,696
778
4,967
154
9
36
31
50
27
3
28
45
11
5
42
23
51
313
389
132
25
137
276
149
4
3,684
258
116
33
14
FFRDCs
NonTotal Federal federald
81
0
118
0
1,251
18
0
0
492
1,137
146
0
0
67
0
118
0
1,206
17
0
0
478
1,097
146
0
0
14
0
0
0
46
1
0
0
14
40
0
0
0
Total
9,735
538
1,221
133
1,608
16,166
1,945
422
6,142
13,876
334
3,798
63
Business
Paid by others
Own Nonfunds federale Federal
8,783
489
1,125
98
1,451
12,830
1,326
380
2,856
12,724
272
3,277
52
643
20
65
31
113
1,231
87
30
527
435
23
421
7
309
29
31
4
44
2,106
532
12
2,759
717
39
100
4
U&Ca
Other
govern- Busiment ness
Total Federal
2,604 1,773
237
147
576
273
92
57
787
519
3,744 1,950
426
278
117
91
1,053
613
1,058
721
171
93
1,117
619
75
28
15,349
na
0
0
0
0 15,349 12,482 1,499 1,369
0
0
U.S. undistributedh
NA
na
9
13
12
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
100
74
Puerto Ricoi
102
na
78
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
18
Otherj
* = amount < $0.5 million; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; na = not applicable; NA = not available.
Other
nonprofit State,
institutions internalb
NonU&C profit
Federalf
Total
R&D
intensityc
GDP
GDP rank Percent Rank
137
8
28
17
58
457
29
*
132
61
8
45
6
199
9
30
3
26
235
22
2
47
81
5
27
2
341
69
219
4
138
711
73
19
203
156
63
326
37
155
4
26
11
45
390
23
4
57
39
2
100
1
335
69
38
4
87
112
3
3
102
367
11
18
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
546,145
47,577
159,688
37,973
246,436
1,196,771
112,725
24,993
400,457
336,315
61,306
241,174
38,894
6
46
27
48
20
2
33
51
11
14
40
21
47
2.39
2.59
1.31
0.67
1.57
1.70
2.24
2.18
2.86
4.96
1.27
2.06
0.40
19
16
35
48
32
28
22
23
11
6
37
26
51
0
6
3
0
4
3
0
13
0
0
3
0
0
*
*
NA
na
na
na
92,926
na
na
na
na
na
NA
na
na
na
na
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; GDP = gross domestic product; U&C = universities and colleges.
a
State-level university R&D data have not been adjusted to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. At national level, funds passed through to educational subrecipients
account for 3.3% of total R&D expenditures reported by universities and colleges in FY 2008.
b
Internal performers include state agency and department employees and also services performed by others in support of an internal R&D project. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) survey of this state R&D spending is
conducted every other year; data are not available for FY 2008. In FY 2007 these state R&D expenditures totaled $309 million.
c
R&D intensity is ratio of total R&D performed in a state to its GDP.
d
Nonfederal sources of R&D expenditures reported by FFRDCs in FY 2008 included state and local governments ($42 million), industry ($198 million), FFRDC institutional funds ($50 million), and other sources ($155 million).
e
Examples of R&D paid for by nonfederal sources include funding from other companies located inside ($12.181 billion) or outside ($8.877 billion) United States, foreign government agencies and laboratories ($48 million), and
other organizations located inside ($330 million) or outside ($70 million) United States.
f
Other sources of support for nonprofit institutions were unavailable by state. In 2008, total nonprofit performance is estimated at $16.0 billion. Industry provided an estimated $1.3 billion to nonprofit sector, and nonprofit
institutions provided an estimated $8.5 billion.
g
States totals differ from U.S. totals for four main reasons: some R&D expenditures cannot be allocated to 1 of 50 states or District of Columbia; nonfederal sources of other nonprofit R&D expenditures could not be allocated by
state; state-level U&C data have not been adjusted to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another; and state-level R&D data are not converted from fiscal years to calendar years.
h
Reported data that could not be assigned to 1 of 50 states or District of Columbia.
i
Data on business R&D performance in Puerto Rico are not collected.
j
Includes R&D expenditures reported for outlying areas (Guam, U.S. Virgin Islands) and offices abroad but excluding Puerto Rico.
NOTES: Industry R&D data refer to calendar years; other R&D data refer to fiscal years but are used here as approximations to calendar-year data.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF/NCSES), National Patterns of R&D Resources, drawing on data from the following NSF/NCSES surveys: Business
Research and Development and Innovation Survey, 2008; Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, FY 2008; Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, FY 2008–10;
Survey of R&D Expenditures at FFRDCs, FY 2008. State GDP data are from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp, accessed 23 February 2011.