TABLE 8. Doctorates awarded to female U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
All fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
American Indian/Alaska Native, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
14,606 14,405 14,640 14,201 13,949 14,236 14,260 14,350 14,608 15,226 16,044
7,185
6,733
205
1,925
123
157
199
599
27
465
107
2,212
1,313
7,074
6,581
185
1,864
106
135
192
547
26
426
95
2,229
1,323
7,134
6,642
195
1,988
87
145
164
540
35
422
83
2,177
1,346
6,884
6,405
195
1,974
98
138
155
524
29
408
87
2,013
1,308
6,711
6,267
181
1,920
98
163
134
531
21
419
91
1,884
1,356
6,833
6,393
200
1,918
99
153
152
562
30
418
114
1,967
1,342
6,855
6,383
226
2,007
102
175
154
501
33
382
86
1,893
1,325
7,139
6,660
224
2,167
102
164
151
561
34
445
82
1,992
1,299
7,467
6,889
223
2,227
128
177
169
578
37
442
99
2,013
1,374
7,812
7,212
257
2,392
130
237
178
610
33
441
136
1,991
1,417
8,444
7,691
256
2,622
176
215
219
618
48
437
133
2,058
1,527
452
12
65
49
78
24
47
42
135
493
10
64
52
62
31
46
53
175
492
14
92
44
74
18
48
52
150
479
18
81
47
54
28
54
36
161
444
11
77
49
61
32
44
43
127
440
11
70
46
52
22
44
37
158
472
10
73
43
59
20
35
40
192
479
11
76
51
70
17
48
41
165
578
11
101
48
57
29
57
62
213
600
16
78
47
78
28
69
44
240
753
13
124
57
93
35
67
67
297
7,421
3,692
843
2,106
780
7,331
3,801
720
2,084
726
7,506
3,759
854
2,175
718
7,317
3,564
801
2,234
718
7,238
3,607
857
2,047
727
7,403
3,786
872
2,056
689
7,405
3,649
920
2,064
772
7,211
3,563
927
1,927
794
7,141
3,342
986
2,001
812
7,414
3,621
1,099
1,793
901
7,600
3,786
1,105
1,828
881
85
42
38
2
5
0
1
2
1
0
1
0
18
9
117
54
52
0
10
1
2
0
3
1
2
0
23
13
92
44
40
1
7
0
1
1
2
1
1
0
18
10
83
32
30
0
7
0
0
1
2
0
2
0
12
8
81
33
33
0
6
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
8
18
84
39
36
1
8
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
14
10
73
27
25
2
4
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
9
9
82
32
31
2
6
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
9
11
65
24
23
2
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
12
6
79
38
37
3
10
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
16
7
72
33
31
1
15
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
8
6
4
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
43
24
3
7
9
63
39
6
10
8
48
34
3
9
2
51
31
4
12
4
48
30
3
8
7
45
31
1
8
5
46
33
3
5
5
50
34
2
11
3
41
20
3
13
5
41
25
4
8
4
39
26
5
4
4
TABLE 8. Doctorates awarded to female U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Asian, all fieldsa
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
Black or African American, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1,080
767
670
25
292
23
13
27
103
3
74
26
84
103
1,020
715
630
19
276
19
10
20
93
0
80
13
98
95
1,033
680
570
12
263
15
9
21
70
4
54
12
99
81
1,003
684
586
13
267
21
7
17
73
0
61
12
90
98
991
679
580
15
290
26
10
5
61
0
50
11
82
91
967
645
564
16
254
17
8
24
72
3
50
19
81
92
1,057
679
595
23
260
19
4
17
54
4
42
8
127
91
1,111
747
647
13
285
27
9
28
66
2
50
14
106
113
1,245
829
698
15
278
42
13
32
79
4
60
15
124
115
1,264
817
702
14
316
31
8
31
79
4
60
15
126
97
1,400
960
793
25
339
41
15
26
89
3
65
21
126
132
97
0
16
5
27
2
13
10
24
85
1
12
5
18
1
9
11
28
110
0
18
10
20
2
10
16
34
98
3
15
5
24
6
9
7
29
99
2
18
6
23
2
10
15
23
81
2
9
2
21
3
6
9
29
84
1
18
5
16
3
8
4
29
100
0
14
6
20
2
10
6
42
131
3
21
9
20
4
15
15
44
115
0
11
4
32
3
9
10
46
167
5
25
7
40
3
17
8
62
313
106
48
113
46
305
103
48
111
43
353
121
63
113
56
319
103
64
106
46
312
99
71
101
41
322
109
49
117
47
378
118
64
129
67
364
110
85
119
50
416
133
87
128
68
447
139
107
124
77
440
156
93
111
80
993
351
329
5
70
8
1
7
31
0
28
3
115
92
1,064
369
345
9
66
10
4
6
29
2
23
4
135
86
1,107
391
367
11
74
5
1
7
21
1
19
1
144
104
1,055
375
350
6
84
10
2
7
20
0
19
1
124
97
1,080
372
344
5
68
7
0
8
28
1
22
5
128
100
1,146
378
359
8
64
5
7
5
19
0
14
5
126
125
1,269
423
389
11
89
5
1
3
25
0
20
5
157
98
1,137
395
369
12
100
8
1
7
17
0
15
2
126
98
1,131
437
395
8
91
4
2
8
20
0
18
2
142
120
1,251
428
397
9
115
11
1
4
30
0
28
2
113
114
1,298
474
432
16
119
11
3
14
30
0
27
3
131
108
22
0
1
1
3
6
3
0
8
24
1
3
1
4
3
1
0
11
24
1
5
1
2
0
1
5
9
25
0
9
0
1
3
4
1
7
28
0
5
4
3
1
2
4
9
19
0
3
0
4
2
1
1
8
34
0
6
2
8
1
3
3
11
26
0
7
4
6
1
0
0
8
42
0
7
4
4
6
2
4
15
31
0
5
1
3
3
1
2
16
42
1
7
2
4
7
6
2
13
642
462
51
72
57
695
487
45
94
69
716
508
61
88
59
680
460
52
103
65
708
483
57
87
81
768
526
61
93
88
846
561
81
98
106
742
488
91
87
76
694
426
99
86
83
823
526
96
100
101
824
533
83
88
120
TABLE 8. Doctorates awarded to female U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Hispanic or Latino, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
White, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
645
327
314
13
79
1
6
7
11
0
9
2
152
45
745
362
339
7
76
3
4
5
22
0
21
1
158
64
700
350
337
11
92
3
3
7
25
1
21
3
151
45
698
334
311
14
77
4
5
5
22
1
17
4
123
61
770
379
354
8
114
2
2
4
22
1
18
3
129
73
764
367
344
11
80
5
6
7
22
1
18
3
117
96
705
363
342
11
108
3
5
7
24
2
21
1
116
68
825
411
382
10
113
3
8
6
32
2
29
1
130
80
824
444
411
14
110
3
11
10
30
1
27
2
156
77
915
476
434
15
130
2
13
6
32
3
21
8
150
86
1,019
577
531
10
166
6
10
5
37
2
30
5
202
95
13
1
0
2
1
2
3
1
3
23
0
4
5
3
1
2
1
7
13
0
3
1
1
0
3
1
4
23
0
5
1
1
3
5
0
8
25
0
7
0
3
4
2
5
4
23
0
4
4
3
1
3
1
7
21
0
4
3
2
0
1
2
9
29
1
6
2
2
1
7
6
4
33
0
11
3
1
3
4
1
10
42
1
7
6
4
3
3
2
16
46
0
8
3
4
4
3
7
17
318
178
25
95
20
383
212
31
107
33
350
186
24
110
30
364
184
20
132
28
391
217
24
125
25
397
219
33
115
30
342
177
37
103
25
414
209
30
125
50
380
195
35
111
39
439
240
42
120
37
442
240
41
115
46
11,393 11,220 11,404 10,978 10,612 10,731 10,647 10,747 10,855 11,213 11,730
5,497 5,459 5,512 5,261 5,047 5,139 5,100 5,315 5,477 5,776 6,107
5,190 5,107 5,178 4,943 4,770 4,837 4,783 5,019 5,125 5,392 5,633
154
147
158
157
150
158
171
181
179
210
194
1,439 1,402 1,510 1,491 1,393 1,448 1,469 1,606 1,677 1,749 1,898
84
71
63
60
60
65
70
58
79
83
113
133
111
124
122
140
123
152
138
148
204
183
150
159
126
120
111
110
125
106
109
132
169
442
391
414
393
410
423
381
429
433
448
446
24
23
26
27
18
24
26
28
31
25
43
344
293
323
298
321
316
286
339
325
319
304
74
75
65
68
71
83
69
62
77
104
99
1,764 1,789 1,725 1,599 1,486 1,552 1,405 1,550 1,502 1,511 1,509
1,024 1,037 1,058 1,001 1,020
958 1,010
951
998 1,055 1,121
307
11
44
39
46
14
27
30
96
352
8
43
40
35
26
34
39
127
334
13
63
31
49
16
33
29
100
318
14
52
40
28
16
35
26
107
277
8
45
36
30
23
28
19
88
302
8
50
40
21
15
32
24
112
317
7
42
31
32
16
22
29
138
296
8
44
37
37
12
29
27
102
352
8
60
30
31
15
35
40
133
384
14
52
33
35
18
51
28
153
474
6
81
43
44
21
40
47
192
5,896
2,824
694
1,749
629
5,761
2,903
580
1,713
565
5,892
2,839
690
1,805
558
5,717
2,709
643
1,809
556
5,565
2,679
685
1,654
547
5,592
2,774
698
1,625
495
5,547
2,654
704
1,643
546
5,432
2,644
696
1,501
591
5,378
2,476
738
1,585
579
5,437
2,603
810
1,370
654
5,623
2,740
855
1,429
599
TABLE 8. Doctorates awarded to female U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Two or more races, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
Other/unknown, all fieldsb
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
167
91
85
1
22
2
2
0
9
1
7
1
31
18
162
68
66
2
15
0
5
2
3
0
3
0
20
19
201
105
101
2
27
2
4
4
9
1
6
2
32
21
217
112
106
3
31
2
6
1
5
0
3
2
35
23
231
128
111
4
28
3
2
1
13
2
9
2
36
24
255
142
130
2
40
0
1
6
8
1
7
0
45
28
297
174
158
5
40
3
8
1
15
1
8
6
48
38
285
166
154
2
53
2
1
2
10
0
5
5
54
30
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
6
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
4
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
6
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
2
17
0
4
1
2
1
1
1
7
12
0
2
1
0
1
0
1
7
16
1
2
2
3
0
4
1
3
12
0
2
2
0
0
1
2
5
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
76
32
6
30
8
94
40
6
38
10
96
42
11
34
9
105
48
11
35
11
103
39
10
43
11
113
43
9
45
16
123
53
18
38
14
119
45
17
43
14
410
201
192
6
40
7
3
6
11
0
9
2
79
40
239
115
108
3
34
2
4
2
9
0
7
2
26
28
304
157
150
2
42
1
7
2
8
2
4
2
40
48
217
107
100
4
26
1
0
5
5
0
4
1
34
25
253
133
120
1
34
3
6
3
7
1
5
1
31
35
343
160
152
4
37
5
4
1
16
1
13
2
45
40
292
151
143
5
46
3
7
1
11
1
10
0
44
26
217
111
101
2
29
3
3
3
4
0
3
1
35
22
233
114
107
3
29
0
2
4
7
0
4
3
32
30
207
103
92
1
32
0
3
3
6
0
5
1
27
20
240
127
117
8
32
3
2
3
6
0
6
0
28
35
9
0
1
2
1
0
1
1
3
7
0
1
0
2
0
0
2
2
7
0
2
0
2
0
1
0
2
7
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
5
13
0
2
3
2
2
1
0
3
8
1
1
0
2
1
1
1
1
8
1
2
0
0
0
1
1
3
10
2
1
1
3
0
1
0
2
7
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
3
11
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
10
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
7
209
98
124
57
147
71
110
45
120
59
183
85
141
58
106
39
119
49
104
35
113
46
TABLE 8. Doctorates awarded to female U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
na = not applicable; respondents were instructed to indicate only one race.
a
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
22
70
19
10
49
8
13
50
13
12
42
11
11
34
16
19
64
15
20
51
12
13
41
13
15
33
22
22
33
14
11
38
18
Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders are included in counts only through 2000; after 2000, these groups were categorized as other/unknown.
b
Before 2001 this category included only non-Hispanic doctorate recipients who did not indicate their race, respondents selecting two or more races, and doctorate recipients
with unknown race/ethnicity; since 2001 this category has included non-Hispanic doctorate recipients who did not indicate their race, Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders,
and doctorate recipients with unknown race/ethnicity.
NOTES: Categories are grouped according to National Science Foundation taxonomy, which is different from the classification listed in questionnaire and
summary reports. That is, the following categories are included in social sciences and not in humanities: American/U.S. studies; history, science and
technology, and society; and archaeology. In addition, public administration is included in social sciences and not in professional fields, agricultural economics
is included in social sciences and not in biological sciences, and agricultural business and management is included in business management/administration
and not in agricultural sciences.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.