TABLE 7. Doctorates awarded to male U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
All fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
American Indian/Alaska Native, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
16,562 15,899 15,293 14,674 13,761 13,910 13,750 13,573 14,138 14,211 14,746
11,087 10,496
8,498 8,098
386
376
2,392 2,259
439
387
376
336
473
413
1,841 1,718
120
91
1,005
980
716
647
1,058 1,064
1,533 1,545
9,981
7,900
364
2,280
372
329
409
1,532
104
819
609
1,052
1,562
9,467
7,492
311
2,278
331
273
373
1,512
95
826
591
979
1,435
8,821
7,097
310
2,197
324
269
309
1,393
85
810
498
917
1,378
8,908
7,171
362
2,143
347
298
365
1,390
100
849
441
893
1,373
8,894
7,177
340
2,191
345
263
357
1,355
82
801
472
897
1,429
8,880
7,074
333
2,222
366
278
391
1,337
86
767
484
900
1,247
9,246
7,342
354
2,245
452
295
445
1,415
86
824
505
781
1,355
9,448 10,043
7,514 7,848
368
346
2,395 2,513
510
519
315
318
427
448
1,414 1,514
101
126
746
790
567
598
801
828
1,284 1,362
2,589
141
276
213
602
77
219
424
637
2,398
102
271
217
588
68
176
376
600
2,081
113
250
172
494
59
172
321
500
1,975
83
251
173
433
61
151
355
468
1,724
81
230
157
395
49
122
279
411
1,737
69
211
157
364
49
137
281
469
1,717
67
222
134
373
57
162
233
469
1,806
87
230
141
408
58
129
260
493
1,904
78
258
147
413
40
158
289
521
1,934
100
229
173
411
46
182
285
508
2,195
108
272
149
464
55
197
301
649
5,475
2,050
311
2,220
894
5,403
2,016
329
2,211
847
5,312
1,926
340
2,217
829
5,207
1,898
330
2,160
819
4,940
1,808
338
2,082
712
5,002
1,862
351
2,083
706
4,856
1,801
345
1,992
718
4,693
1,688
363
1,935
707
4,892
1,763
366
2,030
733
4,763
1,731
381
1,939
712
4,703
1,803
382
1,738
780
104
54
45
7
6
4
2
1
8
1
6
1
13
4
96
59
49
1
10
0
3
1
6
0
3
3
12
16
76
43
39
4
10
1
3
1
7
0
6
1
3
10
69
42
38
0
8
1
0
1
10
1
9
0
5
13
69
36
30
2
6
2
0
2
7
0
5
2
7
4
53
34
25
3
3
2
1
1
1
0
1
0
8
6
58
33
29
2
10
2
4
0
4
0
4
0
3
4
58
35
27
1
6
1
1
0
4
0
2
2
6
8
55
25
21
1
4
2
1
0
3
0
2
1
3
7
64
43
37
5
4
1
0
1
6
0
4
2
8
12
51
27
22
4
5
0
1
0
2
0
2
0
6
4
9
0
0
0
2
0
0
2
5
10
0
1
1
1
0
2
2
3
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
6
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
2
9
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
2
8
1
0
0
3
0
0
3
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
6
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
2
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
2
50
26
1
14
9
37
19
0
11
7
33
17
1
11
4
27
12
2
9
4
33
16
0
12
5
19
9
1
7
2
25
14
0
8
3
23
8
2
10
3
30
15
3
8
4
21
12
3
4
2
24
14
0
8
2
TABLE 7. Doctorates awarded to male U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Asian, all fieldsa
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
Black or African American, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1,641
1,384
927
30
370
68
32
45
229
10
135
84
29
124
1,477
1,217
789
31
332
68
25
36
159
3
103
53
34
104
1,242
1,028
697
24
276
61
14
49
132
9
67
56
46
95
1,187
953
625
12
281
44
20
34
127
6
65
56
25
82
1,128
942
632
14
271
61
14
23
134
11
73
50
38
77
1,079
885
619
10
277
64
14
27
112
5
62
45
38
77
1,004
817
547
8
230
53
7
37
111
5
70
36
26
75
1,073
887
583
9
251
65
9
39
130
5
74
51
26
54
1,142
938
633
14
262
85
11
38
104
5
65
34
47
72
1,066
869
587
8
240
75
3
39
112
2
63
47
28
82
1,142
947
621
12
260
76
10
34
126
7
72
47
21
82
457
13
39
28
136
9
33
71
128
428
12
37
33
118
6
40
73
109
331
11
35
27
92
9
21
55
81
328
8
31
24
96
16
25
64
64
310
9
45
15
96
8
23
48
66
266
5
34
15
88
11
15
41
57
270
8
37
19
75
7
21
39
64
304
9
29
18
95
12
16
39
86
305
12
36
24
88
3
22
38
82
282
7
29
18
93
8
29
33
65
326
11
25
13
117
7
22
27
104
257
69
35
79
74
260
65
39
82
74
214
53
36
63
62
234
44
36
76
78
186
40
20
70
56
194
41
36
66
51
187
37
30
77
43
186
44
30
67
45
204
44
31
77
52
197
45
33
70
49
195
51
44
54
46
609
292
233
16
41
6
4
9
25
1
17
7
43
89
700
347
273
18
50
9
7
6
37
0
33
4
37
109
643
319
262
11
44
13
3
7
40
0
25
15
45
99
676
328
261
8
55
5
3
12
35
1
23
11
50
93
676
316
259
8
57
10
5
6
39
0
22
17
42
92
651
284
226
14
44
12
6
11
35
1
27
7
42
62
718
330
270
9
60
12
6
7
35
0
27
8
50
91
661
311
237
4
57
7
5
15
38
2
26
10
40
71
657
305
244
16
57
11
3
12
28
0
17
11
35
82
705
361
301
8
72
20
8
15
53
1
34
18
50
75
732
350
281
12
73
15
6
16
35
0
23
12
34
90
59
1
2
6
18
2
7
12
11
74
0
7
4
20
4
3
11
25
57
3
3
4
18
4
4
12
9
67
1
6
10
20
3
1
15
11
57
2
4
9
8
3
2
12
17
58
1
5
5
15
1
3
8
20
60
1
3
4
22
2
3
12
13
74
2
6
2
18
7
5
11
23
61
1
6
9
14
4
6
9
12
60
0
9
9
17
2
1
8
14
69
1
9
4
11
5
10
16
13
317
192
14
67
44
353
202
12
70
69
324
187
14
70
53
348
211
12
65
60
360
211
16
73
60
367
234
17
61
55
388
235
27
71
55
350
194
31
81
44
352
207
26
74
45
344
208
16
72
48
382
225
21
70
66
TABLE 7. Doctorates awarded to male U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Hispanic or Latino, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
White, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
685
431
334
22
90
14
11
20
43
2
25
16
56
78
578
359
299
9
98
11
16
9
41
1
25
15
58
57
609
379
310
18
82
11
13
8
52
2
30
20
59
67
568
336
268
12
88
4
4
10
43
6
26
11
46
61
600
344
271
13
68
12
12
8
41
3
20
18
55
62
666
378
297
14
96
6
9
10
50
2
28
20
53
59
596
355
288
5
84
10
6
19
38
4
22
12
56
70
606
394
334
8
114
9
10
18
42
1
26
15
62
71
687
430
351
13
117
4
10
15
49
2
37
10
53
90
735
453
369
9
129
16
7
17
63
5
36
22
55
73
746
505
418
14
146
14
7
24
63
3
42
18
74
76
97
4
10
13
25
5
5
15
20
60
0
3
6
25
3
6
8
9
69
3
13
8
20
0
3
10
12
68
5
2
6
17
0
4
19
15
73
3
9
6
25
2
3
7
18
81
4
11
7
12
3
8
12
24
67
3
7
14
12
3
5
8
15
60
5
14
8
11
1
3
7
11
79
1
11
8
15
3
8
6
27
84
6
5
12
22
3
5
10
21
87
3
13
8
21
3
5
10
24
254
111
12
103
28
219
91
15
90
23
230
99
10
98
23
232
91
8
98
35
256
104
9
117
26
288
119
11
132
26
241
96
9
104
32
212
83
13
83
33
257
92
12
117
36
282
102
24
120
36
241
110
19
79
33
12,894 12,683 12,311 11,705 10,829 10,832 10,779 10,736 11,089 11,128 11,478
8,516 8,264 7,934 7,496 6,889 6,905 6,940 6,952 7,190 7,364 7,787
6,652 6,505 6,378 6,055 5,685 5,642 5,709 5,640 5,821 5,946 6,172
300
309
294
274
266
308
299
305
300
327
295
1,811 1,726 1,798 1,773 1,730 1,613 1,723 1,727 1,725 1,870 1,924
329
285
275
265
233
243
251
264
328
376
392
310
277
287
232
233
256
227
246
257
285
286
378
348
338
309
259
297
274
308
365
338
353
1,460 1,438 1,260 1,247 1,126 1,117 1,087 1,070 1,187 1,123 1,226
96
86
89
78
68
80
67
72
76
88
113
786
797
665
678
668
689
636
617
677
583
623
578
555
506
491
390
348
384
381
434
452
490
882
912
882
821
751
714
734
731
613
634
656
1,182 1,210 1,244 1,134 1,087 1,094 1,114
989 1,046
993 1,040
1,864
115
213
153
405
58
165
309
446
1,759
89
219
169
408
54
120
267
433
1,556
94
196
127
347
43
139
230
380
1,441
65
202
120
287
38
115
247
367
1,204
66
160
121
247
33
89
196
292
1,263
58
155
123
230
32
107
209
349
1,231
53
164
92
244
40
127
163
348
1,312
66
174
108
273
37
104
193
357
1,369
57
197
103
275
30
113
217
377
1,418
79
178
127
258
31
138
222
385
1,615
88
212
119
292
37
154
237
476
4,378
1,585
235
1,856
702
4,419
1,603
257
1,906
653
4,377
1,536
270
1,900
671
4,209
1,500
266
1,827
616
3,940
1,375
284
1,732
549
3,927
1,388
269
1,725
545
3,839
1,370
265
1,658
546
3,784
1,315
274
1,636
559
3,899
1,359
280
1,685
575
3,764
1,322
288
1,605
549
3,691
1,351
288
1,455
597
TABLE 7. Doctorates awarded to male U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Two or more races all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
Other/unknown, all fieldsb
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
139
94
74
2
23
4
6
3
12
2
3
7
13
11
112
74
57
2
14
1
2
4
12
1
3
8
9
13
164
112
101
2
35
7
4
6
15
5
8
2
13
19
170
113
96
3
26
6
1
7
26
2
14
10
8
19
167
115
102
3
29
9
2
2
19
1
11
7
15
23
202
149
116
3
39
10
4
5
14
2
7
5
17
24
211
145
114
3
41
6
2
5
18
2
9
7
13
26
235
160
127
4
43
6
3
3
26
3
11
12
16
26
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
20
1
3
3
3
0
2
5
3
17
0
2
1
5
0
2
2
5
11
0
1
0
2
0
1
3
4
17
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
5
13
2
3
2
0
0
0
2
4
33
2
4
0
9
0
3
5
10
31
3
0
2
6
1
5
4
10
33
0
5
2
9
3
1
2
11
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
45
15
2
18
10
38
12
2
23
1
52
21
4
21
6
57
13
6
24
14
52
19
6
20
7
53
14
2
32
5
66
25
4
28
9
75
21
4
39
11
629
410
307
11
74
18
17
20
76
10
36
30
35
56
365
250
183
8
43
14
8
13
37
1
19
17
11
49
412
278
214
13
70
11
9
6
41
4
26
11
17
47
330
218
171
3
50
8
8
4
38
1
22
15
19
41
347
220
163
5
51
5
3
7
34
2
19
13
15
43
465
310
261
11
75
13
8
13
60
7
34
19
25
56
425
306
238
14
58
11
12
13
54
4
28
22
20
56
272
186
151
3
38
11
5
9
34
5
11
18
20
31
306
209
156
7
41
12
9
10
30
1
19
10
13
34
302
213
160
8
39
16
10
12
39
3
17
19
13
23
362
267
207
5
62
16
5
18
36
0
17
19
21
44
103
8
12
13
16
3
9
15
27
67
1
4
4
16
1
5
15
21
64
2
3
6
17
3
5
12
16
47
3
7
10
9
4
3
4
7
57
1
9
5
14
2
2
13
11
49
1
5
6
13
2
3
8
11
68
1
9
2
17
3
5
9
22
35
2
4
3
8
1
1
5
11
53
5
4
3
12
0
6
11
12
53
4
8
3
14
1
4
8
11
60
5
7
3
13
0
5
8
19
219
67
115
36
134
34
112
25
127
50
155
50
119
36
86
25
97
32
89
17
95
31
TABLE 7. Doctorates awarded to male U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
na = not applicable; respondents were instructed to indicate only one race.
a
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
14
101
37
6
52
21
9
75
16
4
67
16
7
55
15
13
71
21
8
50
25
7
38
16
12
37
16
13
40
19
6
33
25
Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders are included in counts only through 2000; after 2000, these groups were categorized as other/unknown.
b
Before 2001 this category included only non-Hispanic doctorate recipients who did not indicate their race, respondents selecting two or more races, and doctorate recipients
with unknown race/ethnicity; since 2001 this category has included non-Hispanic doctorate recipients who did not indicate their race, Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific
Islanders, and doctorate recipients with unknown race/ethnicity.
NOTES: Categories are grouped according to National Science Foundation taxonomy, which is different from the classification listed in questionnaire and
summary reports. That is, the following categories are included in social sciences and not in humanities: American/U.S. studies; history, science and
technology, and society; and archaeology. In addition, public administration is included in social sciences and not in professional fields, agricultural
economics is included in social sciences and not in biological sciences, and agricultural business and management is included in business
management/administration and not in agricultural sciences.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.