TABLE 6. Doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
All fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
American Indian/Alaska Native, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
31,196 30,304 29,938 28,875 27,711 28,146 28,010 27,925 28,746 29,438 30,791
18,289 17,570 17,117 16,351 15,533 15,741 15,749 16,021 16,713 17,261 18,487
15,242 14,679 14,544 13,897 13,365 13,564 13,560 13,735 14,231 14,727 15,539
591
561
559
506
492
562
566
557
577
625
602
4,319 4,123 4,268 4,252 4,117 4,061 4,198 4,390 4,472 4,787 5,135
563
493
459
429
422
446
447
468
580
640
695
533
471
474
411
432
451
438
442
472
552
533
673
605
574
528
443
517
511
542
614
605
667
2,442 2,265 2,072 2,036 1,924 1,952 1,856 1,898 1,993 2,025 2,132
147
117
139
124
106
130
115
120
123
135
174
1,471 1,406 1,241 1,234 1,229 1,267 1,183 1,212 1,266 1,187 1,227
824
742
692
678
589
555
558
566
604
703
731
3,274 3,293 3,230 2,992 2,801 2,860 2,790 2,892 2,794 2,792 2,886
2,847 2,868 2,908 2,743 2,734 2,715 2,754 2,546 2,729 2,701 2,889
3,047
153
342
262
681
101
266
470
772
2,891
112
335
269
650
99
222
429
775
2,573
127
342
216
568
77
220
373
650
2,454
101
332
220
487
89
205
391
629
2,168
92
307
206
456
81
166
322
538
2,177
80
281
203
416
71
181
318
627
2,189
77
295
177
432
77
197
273
661
2,286
98
306
192
479
75
177
301
658
2,482
89
359
195
470
69
215
351
734
2,534
116
307
220
489
74
251
329
748
2,948
121
396
206
557
90
264
368
946
12,907 12,734 12,821 12,524 12,178 12,405 12,261 11,904 12,033 12,177 12,304
5,748 5,817 5,686 5,462 5,415 5,648 5,450 5,251 5,105 5,352 5,590
1,154 1,049 1,194 1,131 1,195 1,223 1,265 1,290 1,352 1,480 1,487
4,330 4,295 4,393 4,394 4,129 4,139 4,056 3,862 4,031 3,732 3,566
1,675 1,573 1,548 1,537 1,439 1,395 1,490 1,501 1,545 1,613 1,661
189
96
83
9
11
4
3
3
9
1
7
1
31
13
213
113
101
1
20
1
5
1
9
1
5
3
35
29
168
87
79
5
17
1
4
2
9
1
7
1
21
20
152
74
68
0
15
1
0
2
12
1
11
0
17
21
150
69
63
2
12
2
0
3
7
0
5
2
15
22
137
73
61
4
11
2
2
2
2
0
2
0
22
16
131
60
54
4
14
2
4
0
5
0
4
1
12
13
140
67
58
3
12
1
4
0
4
0
2
2
15
19
120
49
44
3
6
2
1
0
4
0
3
1
15
13
143
81
74
8
14
1
0
2
6
0
4
2
24
19
123
60
53
5
20
0
2
0
2
0
2
0
14
10
13
0
3
0
2
0
0
2
6
12
0
2
2
1
0
2
2
3
8
0
1
1
0
0
0
3
3
6
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
3
6
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
2
12
0
1
1
4
0
0
1
5
6
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
2
9
1
0
0
3
0
0
4
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
7
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
3
7
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
3
93
50
4
21
18
100
58
6
21
15
81
51
4
20
6
78
43
6
21
8
81
46
3
20
12
64
40
2
15
7
71
47
3
13
8
73
42
4
21
6
71
35
6
21
9
62
37
7
12
6
63
40
5
12
6
TABLE 6. Doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Asian, all fieldsa
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
Black or African American, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2,729
2,157
1,600
55
663
91
45
72
334
13
210
111
113
227
2,497
1,932
1,419
50
608
87
35
56
252
3
183
66
132
199
2,275
1,708
1,267
36
539
76
23
70
202
13
121
68
145
176
2,190
1,637
1,211
25
548
65
27
51
200
6
126
68
115
180
2,119
1,621
1,212
29
561
87
24
28
195
11
123
61
120
168
2,046
1,530
1,183
26
531
81
22
51
184
8
112
64
119
169
2,061
1,496
1,142
31
490
72
11
54
165
9
112
44
153
166
2,185
1,635
1,231
22
537
92
18
67
196
7
124
65
132
167
2,387
1,767
1,331
29
540
127
24
70
183
9
125
49
171
187
2,330
1,686
1,289
22
556
106
11
70
191
6
123
62
154
179
2,543
1,907
1,414
37
599
117
25
60
215
10
137
68
147
214
557
13
55
33
164
11
46
83
152
513
13
49
38
136
7
49
84
137
441
11
53
37
112
11
31
71
115
426
11
46
29
120
22
34
71
93
409
11
63
21
119
10
33
63
89
347
7
43
17
109
14
21
50
86
354
9
55
24
91
10
29
43
93
404
9
43
24
115
14
26
45
128
436
15
57
33
108
7
37
53
126
397
7
40
22
125
11
38
43
111
493
16
50
20
157
10
39
35
166
572
177
83
192
120
565
168
87
193
117
567
174
99
176
118
553
147
100
182
124
498
139
91
171
97
516
150
85
183
98
565
155
94
206
110
550
154
115
186
95
620
177
118
205
120
644
184
140
194
126
636
208
137
165
126
1,603
643
562
21
111
14
5
16
56
1
45
10
158
181
1,764
716
618
27
116
19
11
12
66
2
56
8
172
195
1,750
710
629
22
118
18
4
14
61
1
44
16
189
203
1,731
703
611
14
139
15
5
19
55
1
42
12
174
190
1,756
688
603
13
125
17
5
14
67
1
44
22
170
192
1,797
662
585
22
108
17
13
16
54
1
41
12
168
187
1,987
753
659
20
149
17
7
10
60
0
47
13
207
189
1,798
706
606
16
157
15
6
22
55
2
41
12
166
169
1,788
742
639
24
148
15
5
20
48
0
35
13
177
202
1,956
789
698
17
187
31
9
19
83
1
62
20
163
189
2,030
824
713
28
192
26
9
30
65
0
50
15
165
198
81
1
3
7
21
8
10
12
19
98
1
10
5
24
7
4
11
36
81
4
8
5
20
4
5
17
18
92
1
15
10
21
6
5
16
18
85
2
9
13
11
4
4
16
26
77
1
8
5
19
3
4
9
28
94
1
9
6
30
3
6
15
24
100
2
13
6
24
8
5
11
31
103
1
13
13
18
10
8
13
27
91
0
14
10
20
5
2
10
30
111
2
16
6
15
12
16
18
26
960
655
65
139
101
1,048
689
57
164
138
1,040
695
75
158
112
1,028
671
64
168
125
1,068
694
73
160
141
1,135
760
78
154
143
1,234
796
108
169
161
1,092
682
122
168
120
1,046
633
125
160
128
1,167
734
112
172
149
1,206
758
104
158
186
TABLE 6. Doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Hispanic or Latino, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
White, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1,331
758
648
35
169
15
17
27
54
2
34
18
208
123
1,323
721
638
16
174
14
20
14
63
1
46
16
216
121
1,310
730
648
29
174
14
16
15
77
3
51
23
211
112
1,266
670
579
26
165
8
9
15
65
7
43
15
169
122
1,370
723
625
21
182
14
14
12
63
4
38
21
184
135
1,430
745
641
25
176
11
15
17
72
3
46
23
170
155
1,301
718
630
16
192
13
11
26
62
6
43
13
172
138
1,431
805
716
18
227
12
18
24
74
3
55
16
192
151
1,511
874
762
27
227
7
21
25
79
3
64
12
209
167
1,650
929
803
24
259
18
20
23
95
8
57
30
205
159
1,765
1082
949
24
312
20
17
29
100
5
72
23
276
171
110
5
10
15
26
7
8
16
23
83
0
7
11
28
4
8
9
16
82
3
16
9
21
0
6
11
16
91
5
7
7
18
3
9
19
23
98
3
16
6
28
6
5
12
22
104
4
15
11
15
4
11
13
31
88
3
11
17
14
3
6
10
24
89
6
20
10
13
2
10
13
15
112
1
22
11
16
6
12
7
37
126
7
12
18
26
6
8
12
37
133
3
21
11
25
7
8
17
41
573
290
37
198
48
602
303
46
197
56
580
285
34
208
53
596
275
28
230
63
647
321
33
242
51
685
338
44
247
56
583
273
46
207
57
626
292
43
208
83
637
287
47
228
75
721
342
66
240
73
683
350
60
194
79
24,288 23,903 23,715 22,683 21,442 21,563 21,426 21,483 21,944 22,341 23,208
14,013 13,723 13,446 12,757 11,937 12,044 12,040 12,267 12,667 13,140 13,894
11,842 11,612 11,556 10,998 10,456 10,479 10,492 10,659 10,946 11,338 11,805
454
456
452
431
417
466
470
486
479
537
489
3,250 3,128 3,308 3,264 3,123 3,061 3,192 3,333 3,402 3,619 3,822
413
356
338
325
293
308
321
322
407
459
505
443
388
411
354
373
379
379
384
405
489
469
528
507
464
429
370
407
399
414
474
470
522
1,902 1,829 1,674 1,640 1,536 1,540 1,468 1,499 1,620 1,571 1,672
120
109
115
105
86
104
93
100
107
113
156
1,130 1,090
988
976
989
1005
922
956
1002
902
927
652
630
571
559
461
431
453
443
511
556
589
2,646 2,701 2,607 2,420 2,237 2,266 2,139 2,281 2,115 2,145 2,165
2,206 2,247 2,302 2,135 2,107 2,052 2,124 1,940 2,044 2,048 2,161
2,171
126
257
192
451
72
192
339
542
2,111
97
262
209
443
80
154
306
560
1,890
107
259
158
396
59
172
259
480
1,759
79
254
160
315
54
150
273
474
1,481
74
205
157
277
56
117
215
380
1,565
66
205
163
251
47
139
233
461
1,548
60
206
123
276
56
149
192
486
1,608
74
218
145
310
49
133
220
459
1,721
65
257
133
306
45
148
257
510
1,802
93
230
160
293
49
189
250
538
2,089
94
293
162
336
58
194
284
668
10,275 10,180 10,269
4,409 4,506 4,375
929
837
960
3,606 3,619 3,705
1,331 1,218 1,229
9,926
4,209
909
3,636
1,172
9,505
4,054
969
3,386
1,096
9,519
4,162
967
3,350
1,040
9,386
4,024
969
3,301
1,092
9,216
3,959
970
3,137
1,150
9,277
3,835
1018
3,270
1,154
9,201
3,925
1098
2,975
1,203
9,314
4,091
1,143
2,884
1,196
TABLE 6. Doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Two or more races, all fields
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
Other/unknown, all fieldsb
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Non-science and engineering
Education
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
306
185
159
3
45
6
8
3
21
3
10
8
44
29
274
142
123
4
29
1
7
6
15
1
6
8
29
32
365
217
202
4
62
9
8
10
24
6
14
4
45
40
387
225
202
6
57
8
7
8
31
2
17
12
43
42
399
244
213
7
57
12
4
3
32
3
20
9
51
47
457
291
246
5
79
10
5
11
22
3
14
5
62
52
508
319
272
8
81
9
10
6
33
3
17
13
61
64
520
326
281
6
96
8
4
5
36
3
16
17
70
56
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
26
2
3
3
3
0
2
7
6
19
1
2
1
5
0
3
2
5
15
0
3
0
3
0
2
3
4
23
2
2
2
4
2
1
3
7
31
2
7
3
3
1
1
3
11
45
2
6
1
9
1
3
6
17
47
4
2
4
9
1
9
5
13
45
0
7
4
9
3
2
4
16
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
121
47
8
48
18
132
52
8
61
11
148
63
15
55
15
162
61
17
59
25
155
58
16
63
18
166
57
11
77
21
189
78
22
66
23
194
66
21
82
25
1,056
622
507
17
115
26
20
27
87
10
45
32
118
97
604
365
291
11
77
16
12
15
46
1
26
19
37
77
720
436
365
15
112
12
16
9
49
6
30
13
57
95
547
325
271
7
76
9
8
9
43
1
26
16
53
66
600
353
283
6
85
8
9
10
41
3
24
14
46
78
808
470
413
15
112
18
12
14
76
8
47
21
70
96
717
457
381
19
104
14
19
14
65
5
38
22
64
82
489
297
252
5
67
14
8
12
38
5
14
19
55
53
539
323
263
10
70
12
11
14
37
1
23
13
45
64
510
317
253
9
71
16
13
15
46
4
22
20
40
43
602
394
324
13
94
19
7
21
42
0
23
19
49
79
115
8
14
15
17
3
10
18
30
74
1
5
4
18
1
5
17
23
71
2
5
6
19
3
6
12
18
54
3
7
11
9
4
4
4
12
70
1
11
8
16
4
3
13
14
57
2
6
6
15
3
4
9
12
76
2
11
2
17
3
6
10
25
45
4
5
4
11
1
2
5
13
60
5
4
4
13
0
7
12
15
64
4
9
4
15
2
5
9
16
70
5
8
3
14
0
5
9
26
434
167
239
93
284
106
222
70
247
109
338
135
260
94
192
64
216
81
193
52
208
77
TABLE 6. Doctorates awarded to U.S. citizens and permanent residents, by race/ethnicity and major field of study of recipients: 1998–2008
Race/ethnicity and field
Health
Humanities
Professional/other/unknown
na = not applicable; respondents were instructed to indicate only one race.
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
36
174
57
16
101
29
22
126
30
16
109
27
18
89
31
32
135
36
28
101
37
20
79
29
27
70
38
35
73
33
17
71
43
a
Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders are included in counts only through 2000; after 2000, these groups were categorized as other/unknown.
Before 2001 this category included only non-Hispanic doctorate recipients who did not indicate their race, respondents selecting two or more races, and doctorate recipients with
unknown race/ethnicity; since 2001 this category has included non-Hispanic doctorate recipients who did not indicate their race, Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, and
doctorate recipients with unknown race/ethnicity.
b
NOTES: Categories are grouped according to National Science Foundation taxonomy, which is different from the classification listed in questionnaire and
summary reports. That is, the following categories are included in social sciences and not in humanities: American/U.S. studies; history, science and technology,
and society; and archaeology. In addition, public administration is included in social sciences and not in professional fields, agricultural economics is included in
social sciences and not in biological sciences, and agricultural business and management is included in business management/administration and not in
agricultural sciences.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.