TABLE 1. Doctorates awarded, by field of study: 1998–2008
Field
1998
All fields
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
42,638 41,097 41,366 40,738 40,025 40,758 42,118 43,381 45,615 48,112 48,802
Science and engineering
Science
Agricultural sciences
Agricultural and horticultural plant breeding
Agricultural animal breeding
Agronomy and crop science
Animal nutrition
Animal science, other
Animal science, poultry (or avian)
Dairy sciencea
Environmental science
Fishing and fisheries sciences/management
Food science
Food science and technology, other
Forest engineeringa
Forest sciences and biology
Forest/resources management
Forestry and related science, other
Horticulture science
Natural resources/conservation
Plant pathology/phytopathology
Plant sciences, other
Soil chemistry/microbiology
Soil sciences, other
Wildlife/range management
Wood science and pulp/paper technology
Agriculture, general
Agricultural science, other
Biological sciences
Anatomy
Bacteriology
Biochemistry
Bioinformaticsb
Biomedical sciences
Biometrics and biostatistics
Biophysics
Biotechnology
Botany/plant biology
Cancer biologyb
Cell/cellular biology and histology
Developmental biology/embryology
Ecology
Endocrinology
Entomology
Evolutionary biologyb
Genetics/genomics, human and animal
Immunology
Microbiology
Molecular biology
Neurosciences
Nutrition sciences
Parasitology
Pathology, human and animal
Pharmacology, human and animal
Physiology, human and animal
Plant genetics
Plant pathology/phytopathology
27,274 25,931 25,966 25,529 24,608 25,282 26,274 27,986 29,863 31,800 32,827
21,352 20,601 20,643 20,019 19,527 20,001 20,497 21,559 22,678 24,056 24,965
1,109 1,065 1,037
977 1,009 1,060 1,045 1,038 1,033 1,134 1,090
69
44
68
37
59
50
36
35
41
37
28
18
21
22
16
14
21
13
14
12
15
3
97
106
69
75
74
55
63
79
56
72
68
45
47
45
45
49
41
47
51
46
55
41
60
70
73
71
70
88
75
71
72
63
77
11
8
9
11
10
18
21
14
15
21
18
10
12
9
2
7
18
na
na
na
na
na
72
99
95
119
113
135
130
129
132
159
183
30
38
43
44
53
47
38
34
52
42
52
13
7
10
16
7
11
94
93
97
122
96
153
137
142
130
129
157
74
48
45
33
41
2
1
3
0
3
3
na
na
na
na
na
20
15
22
27
19
16
36
29
32
42
32
27
17
13
13
15
18
26
40
37
48
44
69
49
54
48
57
47
34
24
28
32
17
60
66
55
37
46
54
46
49
54
49
50
25
25
19
32
27
48
45
64
60
72
78
66
66
63
52
53
48
56
71
63
69
59
37
38
29
26
27
29
34
31
43
46
39
27
29
26
23
29
24
21
24
20
23
25
74
67
64
56
55
50
52
52
48
57
67
56
44
56
41
37
46
42
44
51
40
55
25
21
11
20
29
19
19
15
12
24
2
8
8
10
2
4
2
6
10
6
4
10
35
30
27
34
23
15
37
17
11
9
5
5,846
35
13
800
na
182
75
166
12
113
na
300
127
293
30
138
na
197
246
383
736
413
139
15
90
255
258
40
18
5,581
33
13
759
na
176
76
173
19
67
na
281
108
273
19
114
na
216
223
383
716
431
102
13
120
254
244
31
36
5,853
39
15
776
na
155
92
164
14
92
na
337
112
297
20
137
na
227
239
382
706
495
150
19
106
267
241
35
25
5,694
29
17
729
na
155
90
162
9
75
na
315
107
339
18
90
na
199
265
394
711
486
135
22
117
257
216
31
31
5,695
20
12
781
na
220
81
151
13
84
na
302
93
311
14
113
na
226
278
382
623
491
142
17
115
268
208
57
24
5,696
33
6
772
na
181
84
161
24
80
na
301
126
347
21
111
na
226
261
363
615
474
127
15
101
275
215
38
27
5,942
13
15
703
na
183
100
130
26
135
na
292
141
366
22
108
na
258
347
393
725
584
131
20
98
288
208
55
25
6,366
23
13
693
na
249
129
144
23
87
na
316
162
411
29
103
na
285
342
432
724
690
163
21
93
315
208
50
31
6,649
21
10
784
na
278
106
183
32
92
na
337
149
391
18
117
na
286
390
493
780
741
148
27
80
328
221
62
26
7,179
20
22
863
79
293
121
177
28
112
91
370
173
461
24
93
39
374
395
524
701
763
163
17
104
287
238
48
21
7,793
25
22
895
148
267
121
166
32
105
291
378
185
439
22
119
178
413
425
538
784
880
175
23
105
280
243
47
29
TABLE 1. Doctorates awarded, by field of study: 1998–2008
Field
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Plant physiology
Toxicology
Zoology, other
Biology/biomedical sciences, general
Biology/biomedical sciences, other
61
155
111
217
228
54
114
126
182
225
39
123
133
199
217
45
133
103
193
221
43
122
123
184
197
32
122
127
194
237
24
105
94
188
165
38
102
103
189
198
40
101
101
187
120
32
115
80
245
106
26
137
62
150
83
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Atmospheric chemistry and climatology
Atmospheric physics and dynamics
Meteorology
Atmospheric science/meteorology, general
Atmospheric science/meteorology, other
766
125
38
24
25
22
16
723
124
43
17
22
32
10
694
143
39
17
34
36
17
660
116
33
17
20
34
12
689
117
39
13
15
27
23
683
139
39
21
25
33
21
686
126
29
33
22
24
18
714
145
42
28
20
30
25
757
146
30
30
18
40
28
878
167
38
39
17
47
26
862
186
48
59
23
40
16
Earth and ocean sciences
Geochemistry
Geology
Geomorphology and glacial geology
Geophysics and seismology
Hydrology and water resources
Marine sciences
Mineralogy and petrology
Oceanography, chemical and physical
Paleontology
Stratigraphy and sedimentation
Geological and earth sciences, general
Geological and earth sciences, other
Ocean/marine, other
641
58
171
21
106
35
18
14
94
23
24
13
40
24
599
55
157
18
100
32
30
14
100
15
17
9
35
17
551
50
123
14
70
43
36
5
99
31
13
20
18
29
544
41
115
10
88
45
36
15
85
16
13
16
34
30
572
69
132
15
92
35
42
13
86
21
7
12
30
18
544
53
119
20
75
26
36
8
98
18
16
9
30
36
560
38
98
22
87
49
59
17
66
25
19
23
42
15
569
55
107
12
92
41
61
8
74
29
15
24
37
14
611
53
126
24
81
38
61
18
60
30
19
30
51
20
711
58
143
21
111
42
72
19
109
32
20
26
50
8
676
78
141
12
116
45
73
16
84
26
10
25
34
16
2,104
927
821
106
na
1,939
856
741
115
na
1,911
861
724
137
na
1,840
830
692
81
57
1,728
809
674
80
55
1,860
867
700
65
102
2,024
948
767
106
75
2,334
1,129
952
84
93
2,778
1,453
1,216
135
102
3,049
1,656
1,432
131
93
3,186
1,786
1,498
181
107
1,177
75
130
265
19
54
16
46
17
204
65
162
124
1,083
84
86
252
14
65
23
50
21
174
65
116
133
1,050
82
81
238
17
59
19
40
19
195
50
151
99
1,010
68
91
214
11
41
24
35
14
200
54
155
103
919
65
74
226
11
52
14
26
19
166
40
133
93
993
69
85
223
8
48
17
46
19
191
49
150
88
1,076
97
99
264
10
95
15
39
25
226
52
81
73
1,205
97
111
292
16
96
26
62
23
267
51
104
60
1,325
124
98
347
14
89
20
60
32
301
72
107
61
1,393
115
119
334
32
91
26
66
30
359
62
145
14
1,400
122
112
359
26
100
25
62
27
303
58
143
63
3,800
206
91
115
3,562
159
59
100
3,378
185
78
107
3,366
186
89
97
3,187
141
52
89
3,287
167
69
98
3,335
165
68
97
3,643
186
72
114
3,927
197
64
133
4,102
223
87
136
4,081
248
101
147
2,216
383
287
114
6
598
279
122
2,132
333
279
131
10
563
310
95
1,989
326
221
107
9
525
271
107
1,982
334
279
115
4
523
285
107
1,923
302
250
99
9
523
303
102
2,040
339
264
110
4
557
321
109
1,986
323
240
113
na
541
264
116
2,126
363
256
110
na
603
298
119
2,362
367
267
150
na
624
376
134
2,325
397
273
na
na
652
327
122
2,247
372
300
na
na
638
330
106
Mathematics/computer sciences
Computer sciences
Computer science
Information science and systems
Computer and information science, otherc
Mathematics
Algebra
Analysis and functional analysis
Applied mathematics
Computing theory and practice
Geometry/geometric analysis
Logic
Number theory
Operations research
Statistics
Topology/foundations
Mathematics/statistics, general
Mathematics/statistics, other
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Astronomy
Astrophysics
Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Medicinal/pharmaceutical chemistryd
Nuclear chemistrya
Organic chemistry
Physical chemistry
Polymer chemistry
TABLE 1. Doctorates awarded, by field of study: 1998–2008
Field
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
41
284
102
56
196
159
52
261
110
40
203
92
48
202
85
49
184
103
54
198
137
57
191
129
86
211
147
86
310
158
79
276
146
1,378
18
na
100
na
314
26
92
105
173
55
24
190
281
1,271
16
na
100
na
307
23
77
98
169
49
28
202
202
1,204
10
na
110
na
279
10
74
117
147
38
21
224
174
1,198
10
na
81
na
295
8
80
107
121
39
18
207
232
1,123
18
na
82
na
298
15
76
107
154
29
22
171
151
1,080
24
na
74
na
273
9
67
95
134
31
13
170
190
1,184
17
71
82
54
277
na
74
120
163
36
18
141
131
1,331
25
102
87
72
314
na
69
144
188
53
29
128
120
1,368
15
99
90
96
335
na
86
144
200
44
23
145
91
1,554
18
124
111
124
360
na
74
153
203
48
29
187
123
1,586
16
136
119
119
396
na
61
147
210
59
44
160
119
3,673
1,344
113
6
448
266
61
149
51
119
189
25
92
9
15
106
186
300
194
3,668
1,442
143
11
460
193
64
139
56
135
158
16
87
15
14
121
176
234
204
3,615
1,353
140
7
475
203
97
133
54
147
188
23
89
13
8
99
207
237
142
3,401
1,234
141
5
476
195
48
134
45
137
174
11
92
2
10
101
198
224
174
3,206
1,221
121
2
472
174
54
112
67
139
154
17
88
9
13
88
180
143
152
3,276
1,192
132
4
435
178
52
119
63
149
161
17
86
7
11
102
203
218
147
3,326
1,218
145
6
512
186
75
88
32
144
157
18
84
na
29
87
163
218
164
3,323
1,156
147
5
466
224
81
121
25
172
186
14
85
na
22
109
183
184
143
3,258
1,119
181
5
409
203
59
126
21
182
174
30
94
na
20
123
172
207
133
3,292
1,160
175
7
415
198
71
126
45
126
187
27
95
na
35
123
199
193
110
3,361
1,137
181
9
418
199
69
137
42
121
213
18
81
na
23
132
204
205
172
4,054
1,157
156
25
976
4,063
1,075
149
15
911
4,155
1,086
138
15
933
4,081
1,081
154
13
914
4,013
1,027
119
14
894
4,139
1,050
118
23
909
4,139
1,069
110
18
941
4,141
1,183
122
30
1,031
4,276
1,143
113
33
997
4,422
1,180
186
30
964
4,592
1,202
111
35
1,056
Political science
International relations/affairs
Political science and government
Public administration
Public policy analysis
958
96
662
104
96
1,016
119
655
117
125
986
77
669
103
137
985
91
658
96
140
938
83
606
103
146
1,025
98
661
121
145
947
99
587
116
145
990
106
619
104
161
1,000
115
615
98
172
1,038
127
588
112
211
1,017
81
626
114
196
Sociologyf
549
544
617
566
547
597
580
536
578
576
601
1,390
100
425
34
14
na
55
30
153
1,428
98
462
26
11
na
51
28
144
1,466
113
446
36
14
na
66
20
197
1,449
127
410
40
19
na
62
12
186
1,501
97
496
26
25
na
56
20
197
1,467
94
472
33
12
na
77
15
167
1,543
115
531
34
18
na
69
19
190
1,432
104
456
44
6
na
97
20
195
1,555
107
472
39
23
na
100
24
205
1,628
110
511
58
97
41
49
15
200
1,772
124
481
47
114
74
54
22
249
Theoretical chemistry
Chemistry, general
Chemistry, other
Physics
Acoustics
Applied physicse
Atomic/molecular/chemical physics
Biophysicse
Condensed matter/low temperature physics
Fluids physicsa
Nuclear physics
Optics/phototonics
Particle (elementary) physics
Plasma/fusion physics
Polymer physics
Physics, general
Physics, other
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics
Comparative psychology
Counseling
Developmental and child psychology
Educational psychology
Experimental psychology
Family psychology
Human development and family studies
Industrial and organizational
Personality psychology
Physiological/psychobiology psychology
Psychometricsa
Psychometrics and quantitative psychology
School psychology
Social psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, other
Social sciences
Economics
Agricultural economics
Econometrics
Economics
Other social sciences
American/U.S. studies
Anthropology
Archeology
Area/ethnic/cultural/gender studies
Criminal justice and correctionsb
Criminology
Demography/population studiesf
Geography
TABLE 1. Doctorates awarded, by field of study: 1998–2008
Field
History, science and technology, and society
Linguistics
Statistics
Urban affairs/studies
Urban/city, community, and regional planningb
Social sciences, general
Social sciences, other
Engineeringg
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
Other engineering
Agricultural engineering
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering
Ceramic sciences engineering
Communications engineering
Computer engineering
Engineering management and administrationb
Engineering mechanics
Engineering physics
Engineering science
Environmental health engineering
Metallurgical engineering
Mining and mineral engineering
Nuclear engineering
Ocean engineering
Operations research
Petroleum engineering
Polymer and plastics engineering
Systems engineering
Engineering, general
Engineering, other
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
44
220
61
77
na
30
147
50
251
72
57
na
25
153
42
230
60
78
na
37
127
40
230
49
80
na
26
168
48
193
54
92
na
33
164
46
224
48
78
na
28
173
48
254
31
85
na
32
117
43
212
22
81
na
33
119
56
252
22
84
na
45
126
51
220
29
41
70
39
97
48
252
20
28
115
37
107
5,922
241
670
587
1,345
229
482
936
5,330
206
576
506
1,236
211
393
786
5,323
214
619
480
1,330
176
404
807
5,510
202
636
501
1,346
206
448
878
5,081
209
607
540
1,211
230
364
771
5,281
200
568
552
1,238
214
438
752
5,777
201
638
547
1,389
217
474
754
6,427
219
774
622
1,547
221
493
892
7,185
238
799
655
1,786
234
583
1,044
7,744
267
807
701
1,968
280
648
1,072
7,862
265
872
712
1,887
281
636
1,079
1,432
74
208
24
40
210
na
86
15
49
63
59
21
94
29
62
48
59
68
29
194
1,416
59
245
33
39
203
na
69
28
49
78
43
18
76
16
67
45
53
42
40
213
1,293
60
251
22
42
172
na
57
26
34
76
25
11
98
18
51
45
62
34
43
166
1,293
52
233
17
47
186
na
75
22
53
94
32
10
76
28
55
37
57
46
25
148
1,149
50
246
13
22
160
na
56
16
31
90
19
8
64
23
66
45
53
45
20
122
1,319
54
281
18
36
192
na
62
28
39
122
19
14
75
12
81
36
44
44
19
143
1,557
60
369
14
34
228
na
98
28
58
126
22
9
59
21
72
34
54
58
29
184
1,659
47
417
14
27
277
na
86
27
43
136
33
12
72
18
87
50
51
58
53
151
1,846
53
525
8
26
321
na
102
35
44
149
34
16
67
15
89
47
45
79
60
131
2,001
49
638
13
37
404
34
56
20
45
164
18
16
77
18
96
40
74
73
33
96
2,130
61
761
7
26
386
39
60
26
35
153
22
13
98
25
82
44
48
84
43
117
Non-science and engineering
15,364 15,166 15,400 15,209 15,417 15,476 15,844 15,395 15,752 16,312 15,975
Education
6,569 6,551 6,437 6,349 6,503 6,643 6,633 6,225 6,120 6,444 6,578
Health
1,499 1,407 1,591 1,540 1,655 1,633 1,719 1,784 1,905 2,129 2,094
Humanities
5,117 5,036 5,213 5,178 5,050 5,020 5,012 4,950 5,125 4,893 4,503
Professional/other/unknown
2,179 2,172 2,159 2,142 2,209 2,180 2,480 2,436 2,602 2,846 2,800
na = not applicable; subfield was not identified separately in questionnaire for that year.
a
This subfield was dropped in 2004.
This subfield was introduced in 2007.
c
This subfield was introduced in 2001.
d
This field was removed from the SED taxonomy in 2007. Graduates who indicated this field in 2007 are represented in the counts for "chemistry, other."
e
This subfield was introduced in 2004.
f
In previous editions of this report, sociology and demography/population studies were reported as constituent fields within the "sociology" group. Beginning in 2007 sociology is
reported separately and demography/population studies is reported in "other social sciences."
b
g
Before 2007, seven major engineering fields and their constituent fine fields were reported in addition to "other engineering." In 2007 each major field was replaced by its
largest constituent field; remaining constituent fine fields are reported in "other engineering."
NOTES: Categories are grouped according to National Science Foundation taxonomy, which is different from the classification listed in questionnaire and
summary reports. That is, the following categories are included in social sciences and not in humanities: American/U.S. studies; history, science and
technology, and society; and archaeology. In addition, public administration is included in social sciences and not in professional fields, agricultural
economics is included in social sciences and not in biological sciences, and agricultural business and management is included in business
management/administration and not in agricultural sciences.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates.