TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
500
500
500
1,000
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
500
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
4,000
500
500
500
2,000
4,000
5,000
2,000
500
500
1,000
2,000
1,000
500
3,000
2,000
500
1,000
1,000
500
500
6,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
4,000
4,000
500
1,000
2,000
500
2,000
500
3,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
3,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
7,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
7,000
6,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
8,000
8,000
7,000
16,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
7,000
S
5,000
4,000
4,000
8,000
6,000
6,000
19,000
4,000
5,000
7,000
8,000
4,000
12,000
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
14,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
Biological/medical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
4,000
7,000
500
3,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
3,000
2,000
3,000
7,000
7,000
S
Environmental life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
22,000
10,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
All degrees and occupationsa
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Agricultural/food scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
1,000
2,000
2,000
12,000
7,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
7,000
6,000
S
8,000
8,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
500
3,000
3,000
5,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
8,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
7,000
9,000
S
Computer/information scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
500
500
500
500
2,000
4,000
500
500
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
6,000
8,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
6,000
10,000
S
Mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
7,000
2,000
7,000
9,000
8,000
5,000
10,000
7,000
3,000
7,000
13,000
8,000
11,000
11,000
12,000
6,000
7,000
13,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
6,000
6,000
8,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
7,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
3,000
6,000
6,000
2,000
8,000
9,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
26,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
3,000
5,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
7,000
2,000
5,000
4,000
1,000
4,000
1,000
5,000
3,000
1,000
4,000
6,000
6,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
8,000
4,000
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
6,000
5,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
7,000
4,000
20,000
6,000
3,000
1,000
17,000
1,000
7,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
3,000
4,000
7,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Postsecondary teachers-computer/mathematical sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Chemists, except biochemists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
10,000
10,000
16,000
7,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
8,000
5,000
7,000
S
8,000
8,000
15,000
67,000
8,000
15,000
13,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
26,000
S
S
S
Physicists/astronomers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
8,000
3,000
6,000
6,000
5,000
10,000
8,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
8,000
9,000
8,000
S
4,000
11,000
3,000
19,000
7,000
2,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
7,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
5,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
7,000
3,000
5,000
4,000
7,000
7,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
26,000
9,000
S
S
7,000
7,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
7,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
14,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
8,000
6,000
1,000
9,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
5,000
13,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
7,000
S
S
S
3,000
4,000
3,000
13,000
4,000
S
S
Economists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
6,000
6,000
6,000
36,000
26,000
23,000
41,000
14,000
14,000
14,000
61,000
43,000
18,000
37,000
8,000
5,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
7,000
8,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
17,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
25,000
25,000
25,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Postsecondary teachers-physical/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Other physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Postsecondary teachers-social/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
7,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
7,000
4,000
10,000
10,000
11,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Psychologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
6,000
3,000
S
2,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
5,000
6,000
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
24,000
1,000
S
S
4,000
3,000
1,000
9,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
3,000
19,000
1,000
S
S
6,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
9,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
3,000
9,000
18,000
2,000
S
5,000
5,000
6,000
18,000
15,000
S
S
18,000
8,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
500
2,000
1,000
6,000
1,000
3,000
500
500
500
2,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
8,000
8,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
6,000
3,000
S
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
4,000
18,000
29,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
25,000
40,000
37,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
9,000
14,000
S
S
S
Chemical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
2,000
1,000
7,000
7,000
8,000
10,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
6,000
6,000
9,000
6,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
20,000
20,000
20,000
S
S
S
S
Engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
5,000
3,000
2,000
11,000
23,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
500
5,000
S
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
3,000
500
9,000
10,000
7,000
18,000
11,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
S
S
S
Industrial engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
5,000
8,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
5,000
8,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
12,000
12,000
16,000
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
2,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
S
12,000
S
500
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
6,000
9,000
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
5,000
4,000
5,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
13,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
7,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
31,000
8,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
500
500
1,000
1,000
6,000
3,000
5,000
3,000
1,000
500
2,000
3,000
3,000
9,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
7,000
5,000
4,000
1,000
4,000
1,000
4,000
8,000
9,000
S
500
500
1,000
3,000
6,000
9,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Other engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Health-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
1,000
3,000
2,000
4,000
10,000
2,000
1,000
500
2,000
5,000
6,000
14,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
5,000
43,000
S
S
S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
15,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
6,000
3,000
4,000
16,000
5,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
10,000
S
S
S
S&E precollege teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S&E technicians/technologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
5,000
8,000
8,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
4,000
9,000
4,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
7,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
9,000
S
S
S
Other S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
10,000
12,000
16,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
7,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
5,000
6,000
6,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
8,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
12,000
11,000
S
S
4,000
5,000
5,000
12,000
10,000
S
S
5,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
11,000
12,000
13,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Art/humanities/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
6,000
2,000
5,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
10,000
2,000
5,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
7,000
7,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
2,000
2,000
11,000
S
S
S
Non-S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
1,000
9,000
14,000
15,000
7,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
15,000
14,000
S
7,000
8,000
8,000
34,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
25,000
S
S
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
13,000
3,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
3,000
14,000
13,000
3,000
9,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
9,000
12,000
S
4,000
3,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sales/marketing occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
10,000
8,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
5,000
10,000
9,000
27,000
26,000
31,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
Social services/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
S
500
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
S
3,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
6,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
S
S
S
Other non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
3,000
8,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
S
13,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
13,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Management-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
500
500
1,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
500
3,000
5,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
11,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
S
500
500
500
500
1,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
2,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
5,000
S
1,000
500
500
2,000
3,000
1,000
14,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
7,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
2,000
4,000
3,000
5,000
7,000
4,000
S
3,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
4,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
8,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
9,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
Biological/medical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
11,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
5,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
Environmental life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
6,000
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
16,000
14,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Bachelor's degrees, all occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Agricultural/food scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
2,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
11,000
23,000
S
S
4,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
S
S
S
Computer/information scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
500
1,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
2,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
2,000
1,000
4,000
S
S
S
Mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
8,000
6,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
15,000
12,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
12,000
12,000
12,000
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-computer/mathematical sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
7,000
5,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
6,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
19,000
20,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
6,000
16,000
12,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
6,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
10,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
500
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
7,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
Physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Chemists, except biochemists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
16,000
16,000
13,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
Physicists/astronomers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-physical/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
9,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
5,000
S
S
S
3,000
6,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
Economists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
7,000
11,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
25,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Postsecondary teachers-social/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
500
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Psychologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
5,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
6,000
9,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
500
2,000
2,000
5,000
2,000
500
500
500
2,000
2,000
6,000
2,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
14,000
S
S
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
S
S
S
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
3,000
9,000
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
8,000
S
S
S
26,000
27,000
11,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
Chemical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
3,000
4,000
8,000
5,000
S
S
3,000
4,000
4,000
8,000
S
S
S
3,000
4,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
500
1,000
4,000
5,000
8,000
S
1,000
500
1,000
4,000
6,000
9,000
S
6,000
11,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
S
S
S
Industrial engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
2,000
3,000
14,000
7,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
17,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
1,000
1,000
8,000
4,000
S
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
3,000
S
23,000
22,000
19,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
14,000
13,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
25,000
25,000
33,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
11,000
16,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
9,000
14,000
S
5,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
4,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
500
500
500
500
3,000
1,000
15,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
4,000
24,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
12,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
8,000
12,000
S
3,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Health-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
1,000
4,000
2,000
4,000
S
500
500
1,000
4,000
3,000
4,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
S
S
S
S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
22,000
24,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
23,000
26,000
S
6,000
6,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S&E precollege teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S&E technicians/technologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
11,000
12,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
10,000
16,000
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
Other S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
13,000
S
S
4,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
13,000
S
S
S
S
S
500
500
500
3,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
9,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
2,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
9,000
10,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
25,000
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Art/humanities/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Management-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
500
3,000
11,000
18,000
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
12,000
14,000
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
1,000
2,000
5,000
19,000
19,000
S
5,000
3,000
3,000
8,000
19,000
19,000
S
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
15,000
15,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
13,000
S
S
3,000
5,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sales/marketing occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
9,000
16,000
18,000
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
9,000
16,000
18,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
Social services/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
Other non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
500
1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
10,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
4,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
500
2,000
2,000
2,000
500
2,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
4,000
500
500
500
500
3,000
3,000
6,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
7,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
3,000
6,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
8,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
500
3,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
3,000
7,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
7,000
4,000
7,000
S
1,000
3,000
2,000
5,000
7,000
3,000
5,000
4,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
11,000
S
S
1,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
2,000
S
5,000
8,000
8,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
Agricultural/food scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
5,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
3,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Biological/medical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
4,000
7,000
4,000
6,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
S
500
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
Environmental life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Master's degrees, all occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
500
1,000
500
500
500
1,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
7,000
6,000
4,000
5,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
20,000
S
S
S
4,000
5,000
5,000
6,000
S
S
S
Computer/information scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
2,000
500
1,000
2,000
500
2,000
500
500
500
1,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
8,000
7,000
12,000
6,000
6,000
7,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
6,000
S
S
S
Mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
6,000
6,000
3,000
4,000
11,000
32,000
8,000
5,000
5,000
7,000
S
20,000
S
S
3,000
9,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-computer/mathematical sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
3,000
8,000
15,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
8,000
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
15,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
7,000
5,000
S
S
3,000
5,000
5,000
S
3,000
S
500
11,000
11,000
12,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
7,000
2,000
S
S
2,000
1,000
7,000
9,000
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
Physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Chemists, except biochemists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
5,000
6,000
5,000
S
6,000
S
S
6,000
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
7,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
6,000
20,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
13,000
30,000
S
S
S
S
S
500
1,000
1,000
S
500
S
500
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
12,000
12,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
10,000
8,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
7,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
12,000
9,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
8,000
7,000
S
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
S
500
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
Economists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
12,000
11,000
11,000
S
11,000
S
S
26,000
30,000
31,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
13,000
12,000
12,000
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
8,000
8,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Physicists/astronomers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Postsecondary teachers-physical/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Other physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
5,000
10,000
10,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
6,000
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
9,000
9,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Psychologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
S
S
S
9,000
6,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
14,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
6,000
8,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
15,000
15,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
9,000
9,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
500
S
500
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
8,000
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
11,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Postsecondary teachers-social/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Chemical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
7,000
2,000
7,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
S
S
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
5,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
5,000
1,000
2,000
9,000
43,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
Industrial engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
2,000
8,000
3,000
S
5,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
4,000
1,000
3,000
10,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
7,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
6,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
5,000
3,000
8,000
10,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
5,000
5,000
7,000
5,000
4,000
6,000
9,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
3,000
5,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
9,000
2,000
S
S
500
500
500
4,000
4,000
S
S
3,000
4,000
6,000
4,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Other engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Health-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
8,000
3,000
S
500
500
500
4,000
9,000
7,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
10,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
S
S
S
S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
1,000
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
9,000
1,000
1,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
9,000
8,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S&E precollege teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
500
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
500
500
500
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S&E technicians/technologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
3,000
3,000
12,000
6,000
7,000
15,000
4,000
5,000
5,000
9,000
4,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
Other S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
4,000
4,000
7,000
6,000
S
S
4,000
3,000
5,000
5,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
7,000
5,000
4,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
7,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
15,000
21,000
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Art/humanities/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Management-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
10,000
12,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
10,000
12,000
2,000
5,000
5,000
17,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
7,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
20,000
S
S
S
Non-S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
2,000
8,000
20,000
19,000
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
7,000
20,000
16,000
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
500
1,000
8,000
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
3,000
4,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
21,000
S
S
13,000
13,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sales/marketing occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
3,000
12,000
10,000
2,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
12,000
10,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Social services/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
500
500
500
5,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
10,000
S
S
S
Other non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
8,000
5,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
9,000
9,000
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
12,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
2,000
1,000
1,000
500
500
1,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
500
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
500
1,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
500
13,000
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
6,000
11,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
500
500
4,000
500
3,000
500
1,000
2,000
500
1,000
3,000
2,000
500
1,000
500
1,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
15,000
3,000
S
S
2,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
10,000
2,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
500
3,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
1,000
500
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
15,000
4,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
4,000
10,000
2,000
500
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
7,000
3,000
7,000
20,000
500
500
1,000
4,000
2,000
5,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
5,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
6,000
7,000
10,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
20,000
S
S
4,000
2,000
2,000
S
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
5,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
Biological/medical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
7,000
3,000
7,000
18,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
6,000
3,000
7,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
7,000
S
S
Environmental life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
9,000
9,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Doctorate degrees, all occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Agricultural/food scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
2,000
8,000
5,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
500
8,000
6,000
6,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
8,000
500
500
500
4,000
1,000
1,000
6,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
7,000
6,000
1,000
4,000
9,000
12,000
27,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
6,000
2,000
S
S
S
Computer/information scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
9,000
500
500
500
4,000
500
2,000
2,000
7,000
7,000
5,000
2,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
Mathematical scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
500
5,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
10,000
S
7,000
9,000
15,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
5,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-computer/mathematical sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
8,000
1,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
7,000
1,000
4,000
5,000
4,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
500
2,000
2,000
1,000
4,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
500
500
3,000
3,000
4,000
7,000
1,000
2,000
500
5,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
4,000
3,000
5,000
S
S
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
24,000
2,000
1,000
500
2,000
5,000
5,000
3,000
8,000
6,000
11,000
S
4,000
11,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
5,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
Physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Chemists, except biochemists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
3,000
3,000
15,000
11,000
11,000
2,000
5,000
5,000
6,000
9,000
12,000
S
S
5,000
5,000
6,000
S
2,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
7,000
36,000
S
S
S
Physicists/astronomers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
3,000
2,000
11,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
2,000
3,000
11,000
6,000
18,000
S
5,000
8,000
6,000
S
4,000
4,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-physical/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
500
2,000
6,000
4,000
7,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
500
6,000
4,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other physical/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
7,000
2,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
2,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
13,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
1,000
8,000
15,000
13,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
13,000
S
S
S
1,000
500
500
6,000
S
S
S
Economists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
5,000
6,000
6,000
12,000
28,000
10,000
7,000
7,000
9,000
S
14,000
S
11,000
5,000
5,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
5,000
5,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
6,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
1,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
7,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
5,000
8,000
1,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
10,000
12,000
22,000
S
500
1,000
1,000
10,000
41,000
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
36,000
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
5,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
2,000
5,000
3,000
S
S
S
4,000
5,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
7,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
500
1,000
1,000
3,000
500
2,000
1,000
1,000
500
4,000
2,000
500
2,000
1,000
3,000
5,000
3,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
6,000
8,000
5,000
S
S
S
5,000
4,000
1,000
11,000
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
3,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
3,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
S
1,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
5,000
6,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Postsecondary teachers-social/related sciences
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Psychologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Chemical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
4,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
2,000
3,000
S
1,000
2,000
2,000
14,000
3,000
4,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
4,000
5,000
4,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
2,000
4,000
5,000
4,000
1,000
7,000
3,000
9,000
21,000
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
Industrial engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
42,000
59,000
47,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
21,000
16,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
7,000
8,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
500
3,000
5,000
3,000
11,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
2,000
2,000
1,000
4,000
3,000
3,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other engineers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
1,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
3,000
3,000
500
500
2,000
3,000
6,000
4,000
17,000
6,000
5,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
9,000
16,000
15,000
7,000
4,000
2,000
8,000
7,000
9,000
9,000
31,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
9,000
4,000
7,000
8,000
7,000
7,000
9,000
16,000
S
S
S
5,000
4,000
3,000
22,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
Health-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
4,000
3,000
9,000
15,000
16,000
29,000
9,000
6,000
10,000
13,000
58,000
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
9,000
5,000
11,000
7,000
8,000
8,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
5,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
5,000
3,000
500
7,000
11,000
24,000
S
6,000
5,000
5,000
6,000
25,000
15,000
S
6,000
2,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
5,000
23,000
S
S
S
S&E precollege teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
8,000
8,000
10,000
20,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
10,000
22,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S&E technicians/technologists
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
7,000
5,000
7,000
16,000
32,000
S
S
5,000
6,000
5,000
26,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
7,000
5,000
4,000
9,000
8,000
5,000
5,000
12,000
8,000
14,000
11,000
2,000
2,000
3,000
6,000
6,000
8,000
11,000
7,000
7,000
8,000
18,000
S
S
S
10,000
10,000
11,000
17,000
S
S
S
9,000
10,000
9,000
51,000
S
S
S
13,000
11,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
14,000
16,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Other S&E-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Art/humanities/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
6,000
8,000
11,000
10,000
13,000
10,000
8,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
16,000
9,000
9,000
7,000
6,000
6,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
21,000
21,000
26,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
5,000
3,000
7,000
8,000
4,000
S
8,000
9,000
11,000
13,000
23,000
17,000
S
7,000
7,000
8,000
11,000
S
S
S
14,000
14,000
13,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
6,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
3,000
2,000
2,000
10,000
6,000
9,000
12,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
9,000
5,000
13,000
12,000
16,000
23,000
18,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
16,000
16,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
17,000
17,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sales/marketing occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
10,000
6,000
6,000
15,000
4,000
5,000
S
11,000
6,000
6,000
15,000
4,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Social services/related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
8,000
8,000
6,000
10,000
S
S
S
8,000
8,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
14,000
15,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
5,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
5,000
7,000
5,000
5,000
4,000
4,000
4,000
27,000
26,000
27,000
S
S
S
S
S
14,000
13,000
10,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Management-related occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Non-S&E managers
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Other non-S&E occupations
U.S. citizen
Native born
Naturalized
TABLE A-26. Standard errors of median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, citizenship
status, and employment sector: 2006
(Dollars)
Sector of employment
Level of highest degree, occupation, and citizenship status
Non-U.S. citizen
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Employed
scientists and
engineers
Business/
industry
4-year
college/
university
Other
educational
institution
Government
8,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S = standard error is not calculated when estimate is suppressed for reliability or confidentiality.
S&E = science and engineering.
a
Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include any person who has ever received a bachelor's or higher degree in a science or engineering (S&E) or
S&E-related field through 2005, plus any person holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who was employed in a S&E or S&E-related occupation in
2003. Business/industry includes self-employed individuals, nonprofit organizations and other unspecified types of employers. Four-year college/university
includes medical schools and university-affiliated research institutes. Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, precollege institutions, and other
educational institutions. Government includes federal, state, and local employers. Standard errors of less than 500 are rounded up to 500, and standard
errors equal to or greater than 500 are rounded up to the nearest thousand.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2006.