TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
60,000
74,000
48,000
42,000
48,000
39,000
S&E occupations
Male
Female
72,000
76,000
60,000
Scientists
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
57,000
66,000
49,000
65,000
75,000
50,000
70,000
82,000
52,000
72,000
86,000
53,000
70,000
85,000
52,000
70,000
80,000
50,000
60,000
72,000
40,000
50,000
52,000
42,000
66,000
70,000
58,000
75,000
80,000
67,000
80,000
85,000
70,000
85,000
90,000
71,000
82,000
86,000
66,000
80,000
84,000
67,000
79,000
83,000
62,000
70,000
75,000
58,000
45,000
48,000
39,000
63,000
69,000
55,000
75,000
80,000
65,000
78,000
83,000
69,000
82,000
89,000
70,000
77,000
80,000
65,000
76,000
80,000
68,000
75,000
79,000
60,000
55,000
60,000
49,000
35,000
36,000
34,000
50,000
55,000
45,000
64,000
65,000
62,000
67,000
71,000
59,000
64,000
65,000
61,000
68,000
69,000
53,000
74,000
74,000
73,000
72,000
77,000
53,000
Agricultural/food scientists
Male
Female
55,000
59,000
49,000
34,000
35,000
33,000
57,000
60,000
46,000
52,000
54,000
S
72,000
73,000
71,000
57,000
58,000
47,000
66,000
67,000
S
73,000
72,000
S
60,000
58,000
S
Biological/medical scientists
Male
Female
55,000
60,000
50,000
36,000
38,000
35,000
51,000
55,000
48,000
68,000
69,000
67,000
70,000
77,000
62,000
76,000
87,000
68,000
68,000
85,000
49,000
75,000
78,000
73,000
78,000
80,000
52,000
Environmental life scientists
Male
Female
59,000
59,000
47,000
36,000
36,000
32,000
49,000
49,000
S
46,000
S
S
52,000
S
S
60,000
60,000
S
67,000
67,000
S
73,000
73,000
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
Male
Female
50,000
59,000
37,000
21,000
22,000
18,000
41,000
50,000
34,000
55,000
65,000
38,000
50,000
54,000
37,000
60,000
66,000
53,000
69,000
70,000
53,000
69,000
73,000
45,000
79,000
79,000
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
Male
Female
75,000
80,000
67,000
53,000
55,000
50,000
70,000
73,000
61,000
80,000
81,000
70,000
82,000
85,000
72,000
87,000
90,000
75,000
80,000
85,000
72,000
78,000
82,000
69,000
78,000
80,000
64,000
Computer/information scientists
Male
Female
76,000
80,000
69,000
55,000
55,000
54,000
70,000
75,000
63,000
80,000
81,000
72,000
83,000
87,000
72,000
88,000
91,000
76,000
81,000
86,000
73,000
78,000
82,000
70,000
80,000
85,000
70,000
Mathematical scientists
Male
Female
73,000
80,000
60,000
45,000
45,000
45,000
70,000
73,000
66,000
81,000
84,000
72,000
79,000
80,000
65,000
91,000
112,000
79,000
77,000
75,000
S
130,000
141,000
S
54,000
72,000
S
44,000
50,000
38,000
30,000
28,000
27,000
41,000
41,000
42,000
47,000
59,000
39,000
43,000
57,000
34,000
48,000
65,000
39,000
51,000
63,000
38,000
58,000
59,000
36,000
51,000
51,000
S
60,000
65,000
50,000
36,000
36,000
35,000
56,000
58,000
53,000
60,000
65,000
49,000
68,000
72,000
60,000
75,000
80,000
63,000
70,000
79,000
49,000
73,000
74,000
63,000
75,000
79,000
59,000
Chemists, except biochemists
Male
Female
62,000
70,000
54,000
39,000
37,000
40,000
57,000
58,000
57,000
68,000
73,000
51,000
72,000
82,000
60,000
83,000
83,000
82,000
79,000
90,000
53,000
68,000
71,000
61,000
74,000
80,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Male
Female
60,000
62,000
50,000
40,000
41,000
36,000
58,000
58,000
50,000
54,000
54,000
48,000
69,000
71,000
S
82,000
89,000
S
73,000
79,000
S
72,000
71,000
S
70,000
73,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
All degrees and occupationsa
Male
Female
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Male
Female
Physical/related scientists
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
67,000
75,000
45,000
26,000
24,000
30,000
61,000
62,000
58,000
85,000
83,000
S
85,000
84,000
S
52,000
60,000
44,000
21,000
20,000
22,000
48,000
52,000
41,000
60,000
64,000
53,000
55,000
56,000
45,000
40,000
40,000
32,000
41,000
41,000
39,000
55,000
61,000
50,000
36,000
39,000
35,000
90,000
100,000
80,000
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
99,000
100,000
S
112,000
118,000
S
125,000
124,000
S
104,000
108,000
S
66,000
68,000
65,000
62,000
68,000
49,000
60,000
80,000
S
79,000
81,000
S
74,000
74,000
S
54,000
56,000
S
50,000
50,000
S
62,000
63,000
S
56,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
53,000
55,000
50,000
60,000
65,000
58,000
66,000
79,000
59,000
71,000
89,000
60,000
69,000
72,000
63,000
75,000
80,000
60,000
62,000
70,000
52,000
47,000
46,000
47,000
88,000
86,000
90,000
106,000
104,000
105,000
100,000
101,000
S
136,000
247,000
S
106,000
126,000
S
119,000
119,000
S
86,000
S
S
49,000
64,000
45,000
35,000
36,000
30,000
48,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Male
Female
50,000
55,000
43,000
23,000
27,000
18,000
45,000
50,000
42,000
53,000
57,000
49,000
59,000
65,000
50,000
61,000
65,000
60,000
70,000
70,000
70,000
73,000
74,000
69,000
65,000
70,000
12,000
Psychologists
Male
Female
51,000
61,000
50,000
36,000
38,000
36,000
49,000
45,000
49,000
60,000
79,000
56,000
63,000
77,000
55,000
63,000
70,000
53,000
66,000
70,000
60,000
59,000
62,000
54,000
54,000
58,000
50,000
Sociologists/anthropologists
Male
Female
40,000
39,000
38,000
19,000
13,000
24,000
41,000
36,000
49,000
72,000
S
S
47,000
47,000
S
66,000
S
S
32,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
Male
Female
65,000
70,000
60,000
45,000
49,000
39,000
69,000
70,000
69,000
60,000
60,000
61,000
90,000
91,000
87,000
98,000
120,000
64,000
61,000
66,000
54,000
100,000
93,000
S
53,000
S
S
79,000
80,000
66,000
57,000
58,000
54,000
72,000
72,000
66,000
80,000
80,000
73,000
86,000
88,000
84,000
90,000
90,000
80,000
90,000
91,000
75,000
88,000
90,000
59,000
85,000
85,000
S
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Male
Female
90,000
90,000
84,000
62,000
64,000
60,000
80,000
80,000
77,000
90,000
87,000
S
101,000
104,000
S
99,000
99,000
S
102,000
100,000
S
100,000
100,000
S
102,000
103,000
S
Chemical engineers
Male
Female
85,000
90,000
72,000
60,000
63,000
57,000
76,000
77,000
76,000
80,000
83,000
70,000
90,000
98,000
S
100,000
101,000
S
95,000
95,000
S
107,000
108,000
S
95,000
96,000
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Male
Female
70,000
74,000
60,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
65,000
65,000
60,000
71,000
72,000
66,000
79,000
80,000
69,000
83,000
85,000
68,000
82,000
84,000
S
88,000
89,000
S
82,000
82,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Physicists/astronomers
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Male
Female
Other physical/related scientists
Male
Female
Social/related scientists
Male
Female
Economists
Male
Female
Political/related scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Engineers
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Male
Female
85,000
86,000
78,000
61,000
62,000
58,000
Industrial engineers
Male
Female
69,000
70,000
61,000
Mechanical engineers
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
81,000
81,000
82,000
89,000
89,000
85,000
90,000
90,000
99,000
99,000
99,000
99,000
96,000
95,000
S
89,000
90,000
S
86,000
86,000
S
56,000
58,000
51,000
60,000
60,000
66,000
74,000
75,000
S
79,000
79,000
S
74,000
74,000
S
81,000
82,000
S
68,000
69,000
S
67,000
67,000
S
78,000
79,000
70,000
59,000
60,000
56,000
70,000
71,000
64,000
75,000
74,000
78,000
89,000
89,000
S
86,000
86,000
S
90,000
91,000
S
84,000
85,000
S
95,000
95,000
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Male
Female
67,000
69,000
57,000
24,000
24,000
22,000
70,000
69,000
77,000
63,000
68,000
53,000
76,000
75,000
S
84,000
83,000
S
91,000
91,000
S
80,000
80,000
S
62,000
62,000
S
Other engineers
Male
Female
76,000
80,000
62,000
53,000
55,000
50,000
72,000
73,000
63,000
75,000
78,000
73,000
79,000
80,000
69,000
90,000
89,000
88,000
93,000
95,000
58,000
87,000
88,000
S
84,000
84,000
S
60,000
80,000
50,000
45,000
48,000
45,000
55,000
62,000
50,000
60,000
76,000
50,000
65,000
93,000
50,000
70,000
100,000
54,000
70,000
98,000
56,000
69,000
90,000
53,000
69,000
90,000
50,000
60,000
99,000
50,000
46,000
48,000
46,000
56,000
77,000
52,000
60,000
95,000
50,000
62,000
119,000
50,000
67,000
125,000
52,000
72,000
124,000
57,000
69,000
104,000
52,000
70,000
100,000
49,000
101,000
107,000
85,000
84,000
92,000
77,000
90,000
100,000
79,000
100,000
106,000
89,000
110,000
114,000
89,000
107,000
110,000
95,000
103,000
105,000
92,000
109,000
118,000
89,000
103,000
104,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
Male
Female
47,000
49,000
45,000
40,000
40,000
39,000
45,000
46,000
42,000
48,000
49,000
46,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
52,000
57,000
50,000
50,000
54,000
49,000
51,000
50,000
52,000
49,000
54,000
46,000
S&E technicians/technologists
Male
Female
55,000
60,000
49,000
36,000
42,000
32,000
50,000
50,000
42,000
59,000
60,000
57,000
61,000
64,000
53,000
66,000
68,000
58,000
65,000
64,000
58,000
69,000
68,000
74,000
55,000
57,000
49,000
Other S&E-related occupations
Male
Female
69,000
74,000
49,000
57,000
58,000
57,000
51,000
58,000
39,000
64,000
64,000
51,000
74,000
75,000
S
76,000
85,000
67,000
68,000
75,000
S
79,000
79,000
S
79,000
87,000
S
50,000
65,000
40,000
36,000
42,000
34,000
50,000
61,000
42,000
56,000
70,000
45,000
60,000
75,000
45,000
62,000
80,000
46,000
60,000
75,000
43,000
60,000
72,000
41,000
48,000
60,000
32,000
Art/humanities/related occupations
Male
Female
45,000
53,000
37,000
33,000
32,000
31,000
50,000
53,000
40,000
48,000
63,000
25,000
51,000
48,000
51,000
59,000
53,000
60,000
54,000
55,000
23,000
48,000
59,000
38,000
29,000
29,000
27,000
Management-related occupations
Male
Female
65,000
73,000
55,000
50,000
56,000
44,000
65,000
74,000
60,000
73,000
82,000
59,000
71,000
77,000
65,000
71,000
78,000
55,000
70,000
80,000
58,000
74,000
74,000
71,000
52,000
57,000
45,000
101,000
110,000
85,000
70,000
72,000
64,000
92,000
100,000
74,000
90,000
99,000
78,000
102,000
110,000
89,000
110,000
115,000
100,000
114,000
123,000
96,000
121,000
123,000
104,000
113,000
120,000
60,000
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
S&E-related occupations
Male
Female
Health-related occupations
Male
Female
S&E managers
Male
Female
Non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
Non-S&E managers
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Male
Female
43,000
48,000
35,000
35,000
43,000
24,000
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Male
Female
38,000
42,000
36,000
Sales/marketing occupations
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
44,000
41,000
45,000
49,000
55,000
39,000
47,000
62,000
32,000
41,000
45,000
40,000
37,000
48,000
32,000
50,000
57,000
4,000
46,000
48,000
S
37,000
39,000
36,000
39,000
38,000
40,000
38,000
40,000
36,000
36,000
50,000
35,000
33,000
40,000
31,000
40,000
45,000
35,000
44,000
60,000
41,000
29,000
20,000
34,000
59,000
70,000
42,000
38,000
45,000
32,000
60,000
71,000
47,000
66,000
74,000
49,000
62,000
73,000
50,000
72,000
78,000
43,000
64,000
80,000
42,000
69,000
74,000
38,000
45,000
52,000
30,000
Social services/related occupations
Male
Female
38,000
42,000
37,000
32,000
35,000
30,000
39,000
40,000
38,000
42,000
49,000
38,000
41,000
47,000
39,000
41,000
48,000
40,000
46,000
47,000
44,000
40,000
49,000
39,000
27,000
20,000
39,000
Other non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
41,000
50,000
33,000
31,000
35,000
30,000
43,000
53,000
36,000
46,000
50,000
32,000
50,000
62,000
38,000
46,000
59,000
39,000
50,000
60,000
34,000
43,000
50,000
31,000
35,000
45,000
27,000
53,000
65,000
42,000
35,000
40,000
32,000
50,000
58,000
42,000
58,000
68,000
45,000
62,000
75,000
46,000
66,000
80,000
50,000
61,000
75,000
45,000
60,000
72,000
47,000
52,000
65,000
39,000
S&E occupations
Male
Female
70,000
73,000
58,000
44,000
46,000
36,000
62,000
65,000
55,000
72,000
75,000
64,000
79,000
82,000
68,000
84,000
85,000
74,000
80,000
85,000
62,000
78,000
80,000
65,000
79,000
80,000
60,000
Scientists
Male
Female
66,000
70,000
56,000
39,000
42,000
31,000
58,000
64,000
51,000
70,000
74,000
64,000
76,000
82,000
67,000
80,000
85,000
73,000
75,000
80,000
62,000
74,000
77,000
65,000
74,000
79,000
58,000
45,000
50,000
40,000
25,000
25,000
24,000
41,000
45,000
36,000
53,000
52,000
62,000
51,000
57,000
50,000
54,000
53,000
54,000
55,000
61,000
45,000
73,000
73,000
56,000
53,000
56,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
Male
Female
50,000
52,000
48,000
31,000
33,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
66,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Biological/medical scientists
Male
Female
43,000
48,000
40,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
42,000
45,000
40,000
57,000
52,000
65,000
54,000
51,000
54,000
60,000
60,000
68,000
49,000
51,000
36,000
59,000
S
S
55,000
S
S
Environmental life scientists
Male
Female
53,000
54,000
37,000
31,000
32,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
20,000
21,000
17,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
Male
Female
72,000
75,000
65,000
46,000
47,000
42,000
65,000
68,000
57,000
75,000
78,000
69,000
80,000
83,000
70,000
85,000
89,000
75,000
80,000
83,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
65,000
79,000
82,000
67,000
Computer/information scientists
Male
Female
73,000
75,000
66,000
48,000
48,000
44,000
65,000
70,000
59,000
75,000
78,000
68,000
80,000
84,000
70,000
85,000
89,000
75,000
80,000
83,000
70,000
75,000
80,000
67,000
80,000
83,000
72,000
Mathematical scientists
55,000
40,000
52,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Bachelor's degrees, all occupations
Male
Female
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
63,000
50,000
40,000
44,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
21,000
20,000
15,000
12,000
14,000
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
51,000
55,000
47,000
29,000
28,000
29,000
50,000
50,000
50,000
Chemists, except biochemists
Male
Female
55,000
59,000
50,000
31,000
30,000
34,000
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Male
Female
55,000
55,000
47,000
Physicists/astronomers
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
54,000
55,000
47,000
60,000
58,000
60,000
65,000
65,000
62,000
56,000
64,000
48,000
59,000
57,000
S
74,000
80,000
S
50,000
50,000
56,000
58,000
65,000
47,000
63,000
69,000
S
69,000
67,000
S
67,000
76,000
S
48,000
42,000
S
71,000
75,000
S
34,000
35,000
32,000
57,000
57,000
S
51,000
52,000
S
59,000
57,000
S
67,000
S
S
69,000
69,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
23,000
23,000
27,000
20,000
20,000
25,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
21,000
21,000
22,000
18,000
18,000
18,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
49,000
55,000
45,000
37,000
39,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
45,000
51,000
39,000
25,000
23,000
27,000
45,000
42,000
45,000
54,000
S
34,000
58,000
S
S
68,000
S
S
52,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Economists
Male
Female
52,000
56,000
51,000
44,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
Male
Female
44,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
13,000
15,000
12,000
13,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Psychologists
Male
Female
29,000
S
26,000
S
33,000
25,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
Male
Female
19,000
S
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Male
Female
Physical/related scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Male
Female
Other physical/related scientists
Male
Female
Social/related scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
59,000
60,000
53,000
36,000
40,000
31,000
58,000
S
S
59,000
S
S
S
S
S
75,000
75,000
62,000
51,000
52,000
51,000
65,000
66,000
63,000
75,000
74,000
69,000
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Male
Female
85,000
86,000
71,000
56,000
56,000
55,000
68,000
67,000
S
Chemical engineers
Male
Female
79,000
85,000
70,000
54,000
53,000
54,000
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Male
Female
68,000
70,000
59,000
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
81,000
82,000
72,000
87,000
87,000
80,000
90,000
90,000
68,000
85,000
85,000
S
83,000
83,000
S
81,000
82,000
S
100,000
100,000
S
98,000
98,000
S
98,000
98,000
S
87,000
87,000
S
104,000
104,000
S
71,000
70,000
72,000
74,000
80,000
S
88,000
93,000
S
98,000
101,000
S
94,000
93,000
S
104,000
105,000
S
S
S
S
49,000
49,000
49,000
61,000
61,000
60,000
70,000
70,000
61,000
75,000
77,000
S
79,000
80,000
S
75,000
78,000
S
89,000
90,000
S
81,000
81,000
S
80,000
80,000
65,000
55,000
55,000
54,000
71,000
72,000
66,000
80,000
80,000
S
85,000
86,000
73,000
95,000
95,000
99,000
95,000
95,000
S
87,000
87,000
S
79,000
79,000
S
Industrial engineers
Male
Female
65,000
65,000
60,000
50,000
51,000
50,000
60,000
60,000
S
73,000
74,000
S
67,000
70,000
S
71,000
70,000
S
81,000
82,000
S
69,000
69,000
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
Male
Female
75,000
75,000
68,000
52,000
52,000
53,000
66,000
67,000
61,000
72,000
72,000
S
84,000
83,000
S
85,000
85,000
S
89,000
89,000
S
83,000
84,000
S
90,000
90,000
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Male
Female
45,000
47,000
S
12,000
12,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other engineers
Male
Female
72,000
75,000
60,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
65,000
65,000
59,000
72,000
71,000
74,000
75,000
76,000
69,000
85,000
85,000
63,000
89,000
93,000
S
80,000
83,000
S
84,000
84,000
S
50,000
65,000
47,000
40,000
38,000
40,000
48,000
51,000
45,000
50,000
63,000
45,000
52,000
70,000
47,000
56,000
70,000
50,000
59,000
74,000
50,000
59,000
74,000
52,000
55,000
72,000
48,000
50,000
62,000
47,000
42,000
40,000
42,000
49,000
50,000
46,000
49,000
65,000
45,000
49,000
66,000
46,000
50,000
60,000
50,000
58,000
80,000
50,000
53,000
72,000
51,000
50,000
74,000
45,000
100,000
103,000
81,000
60,000
56,000
S
78,000
88,000
S
100,000
105,000
S
104,000
109,000
84,000
105,000
109,000
85,000
100,000
100,000
89,000
99,000
104,000
S
99,000
99,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
Male
Female
42,000
43,000
40,000
34,000
35,000
33,000
38,000
42,000
36,000
39,000
41,000
39,000
45,000
45,000
45,000
50,000
S
47,000
45,000
47,000
45,000
50,000
49,000
51,000
49,000
52,000
47,000
S&E technicians/technologists
Male
Female
55,000
57,000
49,000
33,000
35,000
30,000
47,000
47,000
42,000
58,000
59,000
53,000
60,000
63,000
54,000
64,000
67,000
54,000
65,000
67,000
57,000
68,000
66,000
74,000
55,000
57,000
46,000
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Other social/related scientists
Male
Female
Engineers
Male
Female
S&E-related occupations
Male
Female
Health-related occupations
Male
Female
S&E managers
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
68,000
72,000
48,000
57,000
54,000
S
45,000
58,000
34,000
Art/humanities/related occupations
Male
Female
Management-related occupations
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
52,000
59,000
S
59,000
64,000
45,000
72,000
73,000
S
72,000
76,000
S
60,000
67,000
S
80,000
80,000
S
76,000
81,000
S
30,000
34,000
28,000
41,000
50,000
35,000
50,000
60,000
38,000
52,000
67,000
38,000
56,000
74,000
40,000
52,000
67,000
35,000
51,000
62,000
40,000
45,000
54,000
31,000
48,000
51,000
40,000
25,000
25,000
25,000
54,000
S
48,000
S
39,000
26,000
52,000
S
S
67,000
S
S
47,000
S
S
49,000
S
S
30,000
S
S
60,000
69,000
50,000
41,000
48,000
38,000
50,000
59,000
47,000
65,000
74,000
52,000
68,000
72,000
61,000
68,000
74,000
54,000
65,000
79,000
50,000
72,000
74,000
60,000
57,000
60,000
45,000
100,000
105,000
75,000
55,000
55,000
53,000
85,000
98,000
S
80,000
85,000
76,000
99,000
100,000
76,000
104,000
110,000
77,000
105,000
108,000
98,000
119,000
119,000
S
111,000
118,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Male
Female
15,000
17,000
14,000
9,000
9,000
9,000
14,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Male
Female
29,000
36,000
27,000
27,000
29,000
26,000
33,000
35,000
31,000
27,000
39,000
19,000
23,000
S
27,000
S
27,000
S
42,000
S
26,000
S
22,000
25,000
20,000
35,000
25,000
Sales/marketing occupations
Male
Female
53,000
64,000
39,000
33,000
36,000
30,000
51,000
64,000
44,000
64,000
71,000
50,000
63,000
74,000
49,000
72,000
77,000
43,000
59,000
78,000
36,000
63,000
69,000
38,000
47,000
55,000
33,000
Social services/related occupations
Male
Female
32,000
33,000
30,000
27,000
29,000
27,000
31,000
30,000
31,000
34,000
S
34,000
S
38,000
S
38,000
S
36,000
S
31,000
36,000
35,000
38,000
38,000
S
S
S
Other non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
35,000
43,000
29,000
27,000
29,000
25,000
35,000
40,000
30,000
38,000
45,000
26,000
40,000
52,000
30,000
40,000
49,000
30,000
40,000
54,000
30,000
40,000
45,000
30,000
32,000
39,000
27,000
Master's degrees, all occupations
Male
Female
64,000
78,000
51,000
50,000
60,000
45,000
63,000
80,000
52,000
70,000
84,000
54,000
72,000
87,000
57,000
71,000
90,000
54,000
70,000
85,000
60,000
70,000
78,000
52,000
56,000
63,000
45,000
S&E occupations
Male
Female
76,000
83,000
60,000
60,000
65,000
47,000
75,000
83,000
60,000
85,000
90,000
72,000
87,000
90,000
71,000
90,000
100,000
68,000
82,000
88,000
69,000
80,000
85,000
61,000
77,000
80,000
62,000
Scientists
Male
Female
72,000
80,000
59,000
51,000
60,000
45,000
70,000
81,000
56,000
82,000
90,000
69,000
80,000
88,000
70,000
85,000
96,000
65,000
76,000
79,000
66,000
73,000
79,000
61,000
63,000
64,000
60,000
55,000
59,000
50,000
43,000
43,000
42,000
54,000
57,000
50,000
58,000
65,000
48,000
70,000
70,000
63,000
59,000
59,000
50,000
62,000
61,000
S
70,000
69,000
S
S
S
S
57,000
57,000
56,000
41,000
38,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Other S&E-related occupations
Male
Female
Non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
Non-S&E managers
Male
Female
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Male
Female
Agricultural/food scientists
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
Biological/medical scientists
Male
Female
56,000
60,000
52,000
44,000
44,000
43,000
Environmental life scientists
Male
Female
60,000
61,000
S
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
55,000
59,000
50,000
69,000
70,000
61,000
70,000
73,000
58,000
62,000
S
51,000
67,000
S
S
86,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
38,000
46,000
31,000
33,000
40,000
20,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
Male
Female
81,000
87,000
70,000
66,000
70,000
59,000
81,000
89,000
67,000
90,000
94,000
80,000
88,000
93,000
72,000
92,000
99,000
73,000
87,000
90,000
74,000
82,000
88,000
71,000
62,000
68,000
S
Computer/information scientists
Male
Female
85,000
90,000
74,000
70,000
71,000
64,000
83,000
89,000
69,000
90,000
95,000
84,000
90,000
95,000
76,000
95,000
99,000
80,000
95,000
97,000
81,000
87,000
90,000
72,000
81,000
91,000
S
Mathematical scientists
Male
Female
78,000
81,000
61,000
47,000
54,000
40,000
83,000
84,000
79,000
83,000
S
S
84,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
39,000
41,000
37,000
22,000
23,000
16,000
41,000
38,000
41,000
40,000
S
38,000
31,000
S
S
42,000
S
S
50,000
S
S
47,000
S
S
12,000
S
S
64,000
70,000
50,000
40,000
38,000
44,000
56,000
60,000
49,000
67,000
68,000
63,000
66,000
72,000
60,000
91,000
99,000
S
91,000
91,000
S
73,000
73,000
S
62,000
55,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
Male
Female
70,000
73,000
60,000
50,000
51,000
50,000
58,000
S
54,000
73,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Male
Female
69,000
73,000
57,000
44,000
44,000
46,000
60,000
60,000
S
S
S
S
73,000
S
S
101,000
100,000
S
68,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Physicists/astronomers
Male
Female
45,000
48,000
36,000
21,000
21,000
20,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
41,000
45,000
40,000
18,000
18,000
17,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
62,000
65,000
43,000
45,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
50,000
60,000
48,000
34,000
39,000
27,000
49,000
61,000
45,000
61,000
69,000
57,000
50,000
54,000
50,000
70,000
98,000
54,000
58,000
58,000
56,000
58,000
63,000
54,000
60,000
59,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Male
Female
Physical/related scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Male
Female
Other physical/related scientists
Male
Female
Social/related scientists
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
97,000
102,000
83,000
45,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
69,000
S
49,000
45,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Male
Female
28,000
39,000
18,000
15,000
13,000
15,000
27,000
S
Psychologists
Male
Female
49,000
51,000
49,000
Sociologists/anthropologists
Male
Female
Other social/related scientists
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
37,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
34,000
29,000
35,000
44,000
S
54,000
S
50,000
S
58,000
S
48,000
S
43,000
52,000
49,000
48,000
54,000
58,000
54,000
42,000
S
S
S
47,000
47,000
42,000
26,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
70,000
89,000
62,000
45,000
50,000
45,000
70,000
S
65,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
85,000
88,000
70,000
67,000
70,000
60,000
82,000
84,000
71,000
90,000
90,000
83,000
95,000
95,000
98,000
100,000
101,000
74,000
96,000
96,000
S
92,000
92,000
S
97,000
98,000
S
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Male
Female
94,000
92,000
98,000
74,000
75,000
72,000
82,000
81,000
S
98,000
94,000
S
105,000
108,000
S
97,000
97,000
S
116,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Chemical engineers
Male
Female
89,000
90,000
84,000
77,000
80,000
64,000
89,000
S
S
S
S
S
87,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Male
Female
78,000
80,000
64,000
56,000
57,000
56,000
74,000
76,000
59,000
79,000
79,000
S
89,000
89,000
S
96,000
101,000
S
86,000
88,000
S
79,000
79,000
S
86,000
88,000
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Male
Female
93,000
93,000
90,000
73,000
74,000
61,000
90,000
90,000
90,000
98,000
97,000
S
105,000
100,000
S
103,000
102,000
S
95,000
93,000
S
106,000
108,000
S
108,000
109,000
S
Industrial engineers
Male
Female
78,000
78,000
68,000
68,000
68,000
55,000
74,000
74,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
Male
Female
82,000
84,000
73,000
70,000
71,000
64,000
80,000
82,000
69,000
80,000
80,000
S
92,000
93,000
S
86,000
86,000
S
101,000
102,000
S
87,000
87,000
S
100,000
100,000
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Male
Female
54,000
55,000
43,000
20,000
20,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other engineers
Male
Female
85,000
90,000
65,000
63,000
65,000
55,000
80,000
86,000
65,000
90,000
93,000
67,000
94,000
95,000
S
120,000
123,000
S
96,000
96,000
S
89,000
89,000
S
73,000
76,000
S
59,000
50,000
57,000
60,000
62,000
63,000
64,000
59,000
59,000
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Economists
Male
Female
Political/related scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Engineers
Male
Female
S&E-related occupations
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
Male
Female
67,000
54,000
54,000
50,000
Health-related occupations
Male
Female
57,000
71,000
55,000
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
60,000
53,000
69,000
56,000
82,000
54,000
81,000
55,000
80,000
57,000
63,000
54,000
69,000
37,000
55,000
68,000
53,000
60,000
65,000
57,000
57,000
74,000
56,000
56,000
74,000
53,000
60,000
85,000
55,000
60,000
69,000
56,000
53,000
75,000
51,000
50,000
S
103,000
110,000
90,000
90,000
100,000
80,000
100,000
106,000
89,000
100,000
108,000
86,000
118,000
119,000
100,000
105,000
108,000
S
104,000
105,000
S
120,000
131,000
S
S
S
S
S&E precollege teachers
Male
Female
50,000
51,000
49,000
44,000
48,000
42,000
48,000
50,000
45,000
50,000
51,000
50,000
55,000
58,000
53,000
55,000
59,000
52,000
55,000
64,000
52,000
55,000
53,000
61,000
53,000
S
S
S&E technicians/technologists
Male
Female
60,000
65,000
48,000
48,000
59,000
34,000
65,000
70,000
44,000
73,000
77,000
S
62,000
73,000
S
72,000
S
S
54,000
54,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other S&E-related occupations
Male
Female
73,000
75,000
52,000
57,000
S
S
49,000
S
S
66,000
64,000
S
80,000
S
S
85,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
60,000
75,000
48,000
47,000
60,000
41,000
58,000
82,000
50,000
62,000
85,000
48,000
65,000
81,000
54,000
63,000
82,000
51,000
70,000
83,000
58,000
70,000
77,000
50,000
49,000
53,000
43,000
Art/humanities/related occupations
Male
Female
40,000
52,000
35,000
37,000
43,000
35,000
45,000
S
S
45,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Management-related occupations
Male
Female
77,000
84,000
67,000
61,000
74,000
55,000
86,000
91,000
75,000
85,000
100,000
74,000
80,000
86,000
65,000
79,000
91,000
59,000
84,000
84,000
79,000
78,000
77,000
S
49,000
50,000
S
102,000
110,000
88,000
75,000
76,000
74,000
92,000
100,000
82,000
102,000
110,000
83,000
110,000
129,000
99,000
124,000
121,000
124,000
115,000
138,000
88,000
106,000
108,000
S
116,000
118,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Male
Female
40,000
41,000
35,000
35,000
42,000
32,000
40,000
40,000
41,000
35,000
S
S
42,000
S
42,000
40,000
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Male
Female
48,000
50,000
47,000
42,000
46,000
41,000
48,000
50,000
47,000
45,000
51,000
43,000
55,000
S
56,000
S
59,000
S
52,000
S
55,000
56,000
59,000
50,000
42,000
S
S
Sales/marketing occupations
Male
Female
73,000
84,000
50,000
73,000
87,000
53,000
87,000
98,000
66,000
70,000
88,000
47,000
59,000
73,000
50,000
70,000
79,000
37,000
81,000
86,000
S
86,000
89,000
S
37,000
38,000
S
Social services/related occupations
Male
Female
42,000
49,000
40,000
37,000
43,000
36,000
41,000
40,000
42,000
47,000
51,000
43,000
44,000
51,000
40,000
46,000
50,000
44,000
50,000
48,000
50,000
51,000
57,000
40,000
40,000
S
Other non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
44,000
54,000
39,000
40,000
43,000
37,000
58,000
84,000
48,000
49,000
65,000
23,000
50,000
60,000
42,000
41,000
51,000
38,000
41,000
41,000
39,000
38,000
39,000
35,000
30,000
31,000
28,000
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
S&E managers
Male
Female
Non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
Non-S&E managers
Male
Female
23,000
46,000
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
79,000
85,000
65,000
52,000
55,000
49,000
S&E occupations
Male
Female
78,000
84,000
62,000
Scientists
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
71,000
79,000
61,000
80,000
86,000
70,000
85,000
92,000
70,000
93,000
98,000
85,000
95,000
99,000
80,000
99,000
100,000
89,000
92,000
93,000
71,000
50,000
54,000
45,000
70,000
76,000
61,000
80,000
86,000
68,000
84,000
90,000
72,000
90,000
96,000
79,000
93,000
97,000
83,000
94,000
95,000
80,000
90,000
92,000
64,000
73,000
80,000
60,000
47,000
50,000
45,000
65,000
70,000
60,000
75,000
82,000
65,000
80,000
84,000
70,000
89,000
94,000
76,000
90,000
92,000
83,000
91,000
92,000
80,000
90,000
90,000
62,000
70,000
75,000
60,000
42,000
42,000
41,000
60,000
63,000
57,000
72,000
78,000
63,000
81,000
84,000
74,000
93,000
96,000
85,000
95,000
101,000
78,000
89,000
90,000
78,000
94,000
94,000
74,000
Agricultural/food scientists
Male
Female
75,000
80,000
62,000
51,000
52,000
46,000
68,000
72,000
60,000
75,000
78,000
S
76,000
80,000
S
100,000
100,000
S
83,000
90,000
S
74,000
74,000
S
80,000
80,000
S
Biological/medical scientists
Male
Female
72,000
80,000
60,000
42,000
42,000
40,000
62,000
65,000
60,000
80,000
84,000
72,000
93,000
100,000
80,000
98,000
103,000
88,000
113,000
125,000
87,000
100,000
105,000
64,000
100,000
102,000
S
Environmental life scientists
Male
Female
72,000
74,000
70,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
65,000
68,000
54,000
45,000
48,000
44,000
53,000
53,000
51,000
60,000
65,000
53,000
66,000
66,000
64,000
75,000
80,000
68,000
73,000
74,000
68,000
81,000
80,000
87,000
92,000
93,000
S
Computer/mathematical scientists
Male
Female
85,000
88,000
76,000
68,000
74,000
60,000
83,000
88,000
77,000
90,000
92,000
80,000
89,000
89,000
75,000
90,000
93,000
72,000
94,000
95,000
89,000
91,000
92,000
82,000
86,000
89,000
S
Computer/information scientists
Male
Female
98,000
100,000
88,000
80,000
80,000
73,000
96,000
99,000
77,000
100,000
100,000
97,000
100,000
101,000
S
99,000
100,000
S
99,000
99,000
S
97,000
96,000
S
78,000
87,000
S
91,000
97,000
80,000
69,000
70,000
65,000
99,000
95,000
99,000
104,000
119,000
81,000
86,000
92,000
S
90,000
90,000
S
104,000
103,000
S
99,000
99,000
S
103,000
104,000
S
68,000
70,000
60,000
50,000
49,000
52,000
63,000
65,000
55,000
65,000
65,000
63,000
72,000
75,000
65,000
75,000
75,000
S
80,000
80,000
S
77,000
77,000
S
85,000
85,000
S
80,000
84,000
63,000
50,000
54,000
45,000
70,000
70,000
67,000
85,000
89,000
70,000
84,000
85,000
70,000
95,000
97,000
90,000
94,000
95,000
90,000
100,000
100,000
S
92,000
93,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
Male
Female
93,000
95,000
81,000
60,000
67,000
41,000
89,000
86,000
89,000
100,000
102,000
93,000
100,000
100,000
97,000
104,000
106,000
S
106,000
106,000
S
97,000
105,000
S
98,000
98,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
Male
Female
84,000
85,000
69,000
54,000
55,000
51,000
70,000
72,000
67,000
84,000
84,000
77,000
86,000
86,000
S
106,000
106,000
S
104,000
102,000
S
110,000
106,000
S
104,000
104,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Doctorate degrees, all occupations
Male
Female
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
Male
Female
Mathematical scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
Male
Female
Physical/related scientists
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
Physicists/astronomers
Male
Female
95,000
99,000
52,000
49,000
52,000
45,000
84,000
83,000
85,000
104,000
104,000
S
102,000
99,000
S
65,000
67,000
54,000
48,000
48,000
46,000
56,000
57,000
54,000
63,000
65,000
54,000
85,000
88,000
69,000
66,000
63,000
S
80,000
S
S
67,000
75,000
60,000
48,000
51,000
46,000
109,000
113,000
97,000
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
108,000
108,000
S
120,000
121,000
S
124,000
124,000
S
109,000
112,000
S
68,000
70,000
67,000
73,000
73,000
63,000
80,000
79,000
S
89,000
90,000
S
80,000
80,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
60,000
63,000
58,000
68,000
71,000
64,000
74,000
80,000
68,000
80,000
85,000
70,000
82,000
84,000
79,000
88,000
88,000
79,000
79,000
80,000
67,000
81,000
80,000
82,000
104,000
104,000
102,000
100,000
110,000
S
110,000
102,000
S
113,000
118,000
S
145,000
146,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
70,000
72,000
63,000
54,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Male
Female
62,000
69,000
55,000
48,000
48,000
48,000
54,000
55,000
51,000
60,000
61,000
57,000
69,000
74,000
63,000
76,000
79,000
70,000
75,000
75,000
74,000
88,000
88,000
79,000
88,000
89,000
S
Psychologists
Male
Female
68,000
79,000
60,000
44,000
53,000
44,000
64,000
69,000
62,000
70,000
79,000
63,000
74,000
82,000
68,000
80,000
88,000
69,000
88,000
93,000
78,000
79,000
80,000
78,000
55,000
56,000
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
Male
Female
66,000
70,000
63,000
54,000
S
61,000
S
49,000
61,000
75,000
S
S
66,000
S
S
68,000
S
S
92,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
Male
Female
72,000
80,000
70,000
58,000
S
57,000
80,000
81,000
80,000
71,000
83,000
70,000
84,000
S
S
88,000
S
S
75,000
S
S
74,000
S
S
S
S
S
94,000
95,000
83,000
70,000
70,000
70,000
90,000
90,000
88,000
99,000
100,000
82,000
100,000
100,000
98,000
102,000
105,000
84,000
110,000
110,000
S
103,000
103,000
S
99,000
99,000
S
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
Male
Female
101,000
102,000
S
75,000
74,000
S
101,000
101,000
S
105,000
107,000
S
105,000
105,000
S
S
S
S
108,000
S
S
135,000
135,000
S
S
S
S
Chemical engineers
Male
Female
99,000
100,000
85,000
75,000
69,000
S
90,000
92,000
S
99,000
99,000
S
113,000
117,000
S
105,000
107,000
S
S
S
S
116,000
116,000
S
S
S
S
82,000
82,000
78,000
61,000
60,000
S
80,000
80,000
S
89,000
91,000
S
98,000
98,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Male
Female
Other physical/related scientists
Male
Female
Social/related scientists
Male
Female
Economists
Male
Female
Political/related scientists
Male
Female
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Engineers
Male
Female
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
105,000
109,000
93,000
87,000
89,000
81,000
106,000
108,000
97,000
110,000
114,000
89,000
116,000
119,000
S
Industrial engineers
Male
Female
66,000
65,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
Male
Female
93,000
94,000
S
79,000
79,000
S
89,000
90,000
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
Male
Female
83,000
85,000
72,000
65,000
67,000
61,000
Other engineers
Male
Female
91,000
91,000
89,000
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
127,000
128,000
S
126,000
125,000
S
115,000
112,000
S
118,000
119,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
94,000
93,000
S
95,000
95,000
S
117,000
118,000
S
107,000
107,000
S
102,000
102,000
S
S
S
S
76,000
75,000
79,000
78,000
79,000
70,000
90,000
90,000
S
91,000
91,000
S
108,000
107,000
S
96,000
96,000
S
92,000
92,000
S
57,000
53,000
69,000
89,000
89,000
96,000
98,000
100,000
84,000
100,000
100,000
S
103,000
105,000
S
105,000
108,000
S
103,000
103,000
S
106,000
110,000
S
88,000
100,000
70,000
59,000
60,000
57,000
71,000
85,000
61,000
94,000
100,000
82,000
94,000
119,000
70,000
100,000
104,000
97,000
99,000
106,000
63,000
122,000
130,000
96,000
118,000
119,000
S
78,000
94,000
65,000
59,000
60,000
59,000
65,000
84,000
60,000
72,000
98,000
60,000
89,000
121,000
82,000
100,000
102,000
98,000
92,000
99,000
43,000
115,000
120,000
93,000
112,000
116,000
S
129,000
134,000
97,000
85,000
112,000
29,000
101,000
110,000
90,000
124,000
130,000
104,000
119,000
130,000
67,000
134,000
140,000
120,000
141,000
145,000
S
149,000
149,000
S
130,000
129,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
Male
Female
55,000
43,000
69,000
S
S
S
51,000
S
S
S
S
S
59,000
S
S
39,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S&E technicians/technologists
Male
Female
75,000
84,000
S
S
S
S
73,000
74,000
S
73,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
78,000
87,000
69,000
57,000
56,000
56,000
77,000
93,000
60,000
74,000
79,000
72,000
82,000
90,000
69,000
100,000
101,000
100,000
95,000
99,000
78,000
100,000
99,000
101,000
77,000
74,000
89,000
Art/humanities/related occupations
Male
Female
59,000
69,000
46,000
49,000
S
S
65,000
S
42,000
S
25,000
S
60,000
19,000
47,000
S
S
25,000
S
S
S
39,000
S
S
66,000
72,000
S
Management-related occupations
Male
Female
91,000
97,000
77,000
79,000
96,000
59,000
119,000
120,000
80,000
80,000
80,000
78,000
73,000
90,000
65,000
101,000
100,000
108,000
75,000
90,000
68,000
93,000
90,000
S
45,000
46,000
S
120,000
124,000
106,000
93,000
90,000
162,000
98,000
100,000
81,000
108,000
119,000
78,000
119,000
119,000
110,000
120,000
120,000
128,000
150,000
150,000
149,000
155,000
154,000
164,000
140,000
147,000
99,000
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
Male
Female
S&E-related occupations
Male
Female
Health-related occupations
Male
Female
S&E managers
Male
Female
Other S&E-related occupations
Male
Female
Non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
Non-S&E managers
Male
Female
TABLE 28. Median annual salaries of employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, sex, and years since highest degree: 2006
(Dollars)
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Male
Female
60,000
61,000
57,000
50,000
47,000
50,000
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
Male
Female
56,000
56,000
40,000
Sales/marketing occupations
Male
Female
Years since highest degree
10–14
15–19
20–24
years
years
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
57,000
59,000
54,000
60,000
60,000
60,000
75,000
84,000
67,000
75,000
78,000
69,000
77,000
69,000
S
74,000
74,000
S
97,000
103,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
79,000
80,000
58,000
55,000
S
S
77,000
77,000
S
98,000
99,000
S
54,000
77,000
S
119,000
127,000
S
69,000
68,000
S
106,000
106,000
S
57,000
56,000
S
Social services/related occupations
Male
Female
58,000
59,000
46,000
60,000
50,000
57,000
46,000
S
S
57,000
S
29,000
71,000
S
S
39,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other non-S&E occupations
Male
Female
45,000
51,000
41,000
11,000
59,000
S
60,000
80,000
36,000
48,000
57,000
47,000
44,000
54,000
32,000
36,000
37,000
21,000
51,000
51,000
S
73,000
73,000
S
22,000
20,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and sex
S = suppressed for reliability or confidentiality.
S&E = science and engineering.
a
Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include any person who has ever received a bachelor's or higher degree in a science or engineering (S&E) or S&E-related field through 2005, plus
any person holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who was employed in a S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. See http://sestat.nsf.gov/docs/occ03maj.html for a
detailed description of the occupational classification. Salaries are for principal job and rounded to the nearest thousand.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2006.