TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
18,927,000
81,000
1,931,000
1,074,000
1,027,000
14,472,000
342,000
2,969,000
16,000
445,000
212,000
221,000
1,983,000
92,000
3,011,000
12,000
334,000
203,000
201,000
2,195,000
67,000
5,024,000
19,000
808,000
197,000
230,000
3,677,000
93,000
855,000
2,000
220,000
37,000
49,000
520,000
26,000
890,000
4,000
168,000
39,000
52,000
609,000
18,000
900,000
4,000
161,000
37,000
49,000
632,000
18,000
711,000
3,000
109,000
28,000
28,000
533,000
10,000
633,000
4,000
64,000
26,000
21,000
509,000
8,000
445,000
S
341,000
S
36,000
17,000
14,000
372,000
6,000
27,000
9,000
9,000
290,000
5,000
3,403,000
15,000
573,000
145,000
141,000
2,464,000
64,000
582,000
2,000
152,000
28,000
31,000
351,000
19,000
633,000
3,000
126,000
29,000
32,000
428,000
15,000
633,000
4,000
125,000
27,000
32,000
435,000
11,000
493,000
2,000
81,000
22,000
18,000
363,000
6,000
422,000
3,000
45,000
18,000
13,000
337,000
6,000
294,000
S
211,000
S
20,000
12,000
8,000
251,000
4,000
14,000
8,000
5,000
182,000
2,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
487,000
4,000
77,000
13,000
21,000
363,000
10,000
104,000
1,000
20,000
3,000
6,000
71,000
3,000
97,000
*
68,000
S
56,000
S
42,000
S
36,000
S
17,000
2,000
5,000
68,000
5,000
13,000
3,000
3,000
49,000
*
9,000
2,000
4,000
41,000
1,000
63,000
2,000
7,000
1,000
1,000
51,000
1,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
36,000
*
4,000
1,000
1,000
30,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
57,000
S
8,000
S
9,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
11,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
1,000
3,000
47,000
2,000
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
336,000
3,000
66,000
8,000
16,000
236,000
6,000
79,000
S
75,000
S
51,000
S
39,000
S
38,000
S
24,000
S
16,000
S
17,000
3,000
5,000
52,000
2,000
16,000
1,000
5,000
50,000
3,000
12,000
2,000
2,000
35,000
*
8,000
1,000
2,000
28,000
*
6,000
1,000
1,000
30,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
20,000
S
1,000
12,000
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
35,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
S
1,000
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
32,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
60,000
S
12,000
S
10,000
S
9,000
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
S
*
6,000
S
*
4,000
S
*
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
All degree levels and occupationsb
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
3,011,000 2,428,000 2,397,000 2,056,000 1,649,000 1,406,000
19,000
11,000
10,000
7,000
4,000
4,000
320,000
245,000
196,000
154,000
119,000
118,000
180,000
141,000
130,000
109,000
66,000
34,000
172,000
133,000
121,000
90,000
53,000
36,000
2,262,000 1,862,000 1,911,000 1,675,000 1,385,000 1,199,000
58,000
38,000
29,000
22,000
21,000
15,000
248,000
*
22,000
3,000
7,000
213,000
3,000
135,000
S
11,000
2,000
3,000
118,000
1,000
21,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
18,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
13,000
S
2,000
S
S
10,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
3,000
2,000
48,000
1,000
2,112,000
5,000
429,000
104,000
81,000
1,453,000
40,000
Years since highest degree
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
*
*
1,000
*
1,000
*
S
*
*
*
*
S
1,000
S
9,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
7,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
305,000
*
442,000
S
173,000
S
116,000
S
102,000
21,000
23,000
288,000
9,000
347,000
1,000
66,000
18,000
10,000
247,000
4,000
273,000
S
108,000
17,000
15,000
154,000
11,000
389,000
2,000
95,000
21,000
18,000
246,000
8,000
34,000
13,000
8,000
213,000
3,000
13,000
8,000
5,000
145,000
2,000
8,000
4,000
2,000
100,000
1,000
258,000
S
158,000
S
102,000
S
32,000
12,000
8,000
203,000
3,000
12,000
7,000
4,000
132,000
2,000
7,000
4,000
2,000
87,000
1,000
6,000
S
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
4,000
S
67,000
S
3,000
2,000
1,000
60,000
S
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,938,000
4,000
404,000
94,000
75,000
1,322,000
38,000
266,000
S
355,000
S
418,000
S
99,000
15,000
13,000
128,000
11,000
90,000
19,000
16,000
221,000
8,000
99,000
18,000
22,000
269,000
9,000
326,000
1,000
63,000
17,000
9,000
232,000
4,000
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
85,000
S
19,000
S
17,000
S
11,000
S
11,000
S
8,000
S
13,000
3,000
2,000
65,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
*
2,000
1,000
1,000
13,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
1,000
*
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
90,000
S
20,000
S
17,000
S
14,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
S
12,000
7,000
3,000
67,000
1,000
4,000
1,000
1,000
14,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
9,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
1,000
*
8,000
S
*
1,000
S
8,000
S
*
S
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
334,000
1,000
42,000
8,000
14,000
263,000
5,000
65,000
*
49,000
S
37,000
S
41,000
S
35,000
S
26,000
S
13,000
2,000
3,000
45,000
2,000
57,000
1,000
9,000
1,000
4,000
43,000
*
6,000
1,000
2,000
40,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
31,000
*
3,000
1,000
2,000
34,000
*
2,000
1,000
*
31,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
21,000
*
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
134,000
S
26,000
S
25,000
S
23,000
S
13,000
S
17,000
S
11,000
S
10,000
S
25,000
5,000
7,000
94,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
3,000
16,000
S
4,000
*
2,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
13,000
S
1,000
*
S
1,000
1,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
S
9,000
S
2,000
S
S
6,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
80,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
12,000
S
14,000
S
*
S
10,000
S
S
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
*
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,000
*
*
1,000
1,000
17,000
S
12,000
S
*
S
*
1,000
1,000
S
S
55,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
50,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
8,000
S
*
*
S
7,000
S
24,000
S
4,000
S
*
19,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
71,000
1,000
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
10,000
*
12,000
*
11,000
S
9,000
S
10,000
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
29,000
S
9,000
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
6,000
*
3,000
*
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
52,000
S
11,000
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
1,000
2,000
43,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
6,000
S
*
*
*
6,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
39,000
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
33,000
1,000
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
1,000
4,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
7,000
S
3,000
S
470,000
5,000
25,000
20,000
25,000
385,000
10,000
108,000
*
74,000
3,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
59,000
1,000
53,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
44,000
1,000
46,000
S
10,000
5,000
8,000
81,000
4,000
89,000
1,000
6,000
6,000
5,000
71,000
2,000
44,000
S
*
33,000
S
*
2,000
1,000
39,000
*
1,000
2,000
30,000
*
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
33,000
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
26,000
1,000
2,000
*
1,000
*
S
6,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
*
2,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
20,000
S
6,000
S
*
*
*
6,000
S
S
*
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
29,000
S
22,000
S
15,000
S
14,000
S
9,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
23,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
17,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
*
10,000
S
*
*
*
9,000
S
S
*
*
9,000
8,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
1,000
21,000
*
1,000
1,000
1,000
17,000
S
115,000
2,000
8,000
6,000
5,000
91,000
1,000
3,000
S
11,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
40,000
2,000
1,000
6,000
6,000
S
1,000
S
*
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
23,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
21,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
4,000
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
1,000
1,000
*
*
S
S
S
S
177,000
*
38,000
S
29,000
S
4,000
7,000
11,000
152,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
29,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
25,000
*
27,000
S
*
23,000
S
*
*
21,000
S
*
19,000
S
*
1,000
*
13,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
21,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
1,000
2,000
16,000
*
1,000
*
5,000
S
*
1,000
6,000
*
1,000
1,000
3,000
S
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
103,000
S
21,000
S
7,000
4,000
5,000
83,000
2,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Other
2,000
20,000
S
19,000
*
1,000
1,000
17,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
20,000
S
20,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
*
1,000
S
2,000
14,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
9,000
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
1,621,000
4,000
235,000
51,000
89,000
1,213,000
29,000
273,000
1,000
68,000
9,000
18,000
170,000
7,000
257,000
*
267,000
S
218,000
S
211,000
S
152,000
S
130,000
S
42,000
10,000
21,000
181,000
3,000
36,000
10,000
17,000
196,000
6,000
28,000
6,000
10,000
170,000
3,000
20,000
9,000
8,000
172,000
2,000
16,000
6,000
6,000
121,000
2,000
13,000
2,000
4,000
109,000
3,000
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
96,000
S
16,000
S
11,000
S
14,000
S
16,000
S
14,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
S
8,000
3,000
5,000
77,000
3,000
3,000
*
1,000
*
1,000
S
1,000
11,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
*
1,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
S
1,000
13,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
12,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
80,000
1,000
13,000
3,000
4,000
58,000
2,000
14,000
S
10,000
S
15,000
S
12,000
S
9,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
*
2,000
1,000
S
3,000
S
*
1,000
S
1,000
*
S
2,000
S
S
7,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
266,000
1,000
29,000
9,000
20,000
200,000
7,000
42,000
*
46,000
S
47,000
S
26,000
S
32,000
S
24,000
S
24,000
S
7,000
1,000
3,000
29,000
1,000
4,000
2,000
5,000
34,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
36,000
2,000
2,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
17,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
21,000
S
3,000
2,000
1,000
26,000
S
1,000
19,000
S
25,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
17,000
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
395,000
66,000
64,000
66,000
58,000
59,000
35,000
27,000
20,000
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,000
2,000
23,000
1,000
12,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
113,000
S
12,000
1,000
4,000
95,000
1,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,000
89,000
13,000
20,000
265,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
24,000
3,000
4,000
33,000
2,000
18,000
2,000
5,000
37,000
1,000
15,000
3,000
5,000
42,000
1,000
13,000
1,000
2,000
41,000
S
9,000
2,000
2,000
45,000
1,000
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
93,000
S
17,000
S
17,000
S
17,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
9,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
12,000
S
2,000
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
1,000
11,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
12,000
6,000
8,000
65,000
1,000
14,000
S
S
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
305,000
1,000
36,000
8,000
15,000
241,000
4,000
56,000
S
49,000
S
50,000
S
44,000
S
36,000
S
27,000
S
22,000
S
11,000
2,000
3,000
39,000
1,000
6,000
1,000
5,000
37,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
39,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
2,000
36,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
23,000
S
2,000
S
S
38,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
7,000
2,000
1,000
28,000
1,000
3,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
4,000
S
348,000
1,000
39,000
9,000
15,000
280,000
4,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
1,000
*
*
4,000
S
*
*
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
54,000
S
55,000
S
13,000
1,000
3,000
35,000
1,000
5,246,000
25,000
508,000
303,000
272,000
4,042,000
96,000
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
20–24
years
1,000
30,000
S
4,000
S
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
27,000
1,000
3,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
17,000
S
1,000
22,000
S
18,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
*
S
*
3,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
53,000
S
45,000
S
47,000
S
37,000
S
33,000
S
8,000
3,000
3,000
42,000
*
5,000
1,000
4,000
42,000
S
5,000
1,000
2,000
36,000
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
40,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
32,000
S
1,000
S
S
761,000
5,000
86,000
55,000
47,000
543,000
25,000
868,000
3,000
80,000
59,000
44,000
662,000
20,000
831,000
5,000
72,000
50,000
43,000
648,000
13,000
682,000
3,000
65,000
43,000
43,000
516,000
12,000
692,000
2,000
64,000
41,000
38,000
537,000
9,000
614,000
4,000
58,000
32,000
27,000
489,000
5,000
427,000
S
3,625,000
19,000
384,000
219,000
181,000
2,754,000
67,000
551,000
4,000
65,000
42,000
30,000
394,000
16,000
607,000
S
456,000
3,000
48,000
33,000
29,000
335,000
8,000
480,000
1,000
49,000
32,000
27,000
364,000
6,000
435,000
S
279,000
S
55,000
42,000
28,000
464,000
17,000
561,000
3,000
52,000
35,000
27,000
435,000
9,000
45,000
23,000
18,000
343,000
4,000
34,000
6,000
12,000
221,000
4,000
382,000
1,000
32,000
20,000
28,000
S
52,000
S
61,000
S
66,000
S
66,000
S
51,000
S
32,000
S
5,000
1,000
5,000
6,000
5,000
2,000
7,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
3,000
3,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
*
S
31,000
S
41,000
11,000
16,000
353,000
5,000
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
22,000
S
2,000
S
S
19,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
24,000
S
1,000
S
S
22,000
S
371,000
S
44,000
12,000
14,000
294,000
6,000
257,000
S
35,000
7,000
11,000
198,000
4,000
26,000
S
1,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
18,000
305,000
5,000
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
4,000
17,000
S
4,000
36,000
S
4,000
49,000
*
3,000
51,000
*
1,000
57,000
*
1,000
44,000
S
S
29,000
S
S
22,000
S
644,000
3,000
18,000
43,000
34,000
537,000
10,000
124,000
S
124,000
S
106,000
S
74,000
S
59,000
S
60,000
S
5,000
9,000
8,000
97,000
5,000
5,000
9,000
7,000
102,000
1,000
3,000
8,000
4,000
89,000
S
2,000
2,000
7,000
64,000
S
2,000
4,000
4,000
49,000
S
1,000
5,000
3,000
50,000
S
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
371,000
1,000
52,000
12,000
25,000
269,000
11,000
52,000
S
56,000
S
53,000
S
54,000
S
59,000
S
40,000
S
35,000
S
10,000
2,000
4,000
32,000
3,000
10,000
2,000
3,000
39,000
1,000
8,000
2,000
5,000
37,000
1,000
5,000
2,000
3,000
41,000
3,000
6,000
2,000
5,000
45,000
S
5,000
1,000
3,000
31,000
S
3,000
S
S
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
224,000
S
6,000
S
30,000
S
50,000
S
31,000
S
28,000
S
27,000
S
21,000
8,000
14,000
177,000
2,000
2,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
21,000
S
3,000
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
4,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
39,000
S
3,000
S
S
8,657,000
37,000
616,000
575,000
525,000
6,753,000
153,000
1,353,000
8,000
138,000
121,000
125,000
920,000
41,000
1,253,000
5,000
87,000
105,000
104,000
924,000
29,000
262,000
1,000
11,000
15,000
16,000
218,000
2,000
36,000
S
35,000
S
*
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,361,000
7,000
142,000
94,000
78,000
1,015,000
24,000
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,118,000
7,000
64,000
59,000
52,000
923,000
13,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
58,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
53,000
S
30,000
S
2,000
22,000
S
20,000
S
1,000
20,000
S
1,279,000 1,036,000 1,072,000
9,000
5,000
4,000
88,000
70,000
68,000
92,000
70,000
63,000
80,000
62,000
62,000
982,000
813,000
865,000
27,000
16,000
12,000
997,000
3,000
60,000
60,000
49,000
814,000
11,000
881,000
2,000
52,000
46,000
29,000
742,000
10,000
786,000
S
52,000
19,000
15,000
692,000
7,000
31,000
S
S
S
S
31,000
S
27,000
S
S
S
S
25,000
S
39,000
S
35,000
S
4,000
2,000
28,000
S
2,000
4,000
3,000
31,000
S
1,000
S
S
28,000
S
S
S
S
31,000
S
26,000
S
29,000
S
26,000
S
207,000
1,000
41,000
15,000
16,000
129,000
6,000
217,000
S
218,000
S
169,000
S
168,000
S
149,000
S
124,000
S
27,000
17,000
19,000
149,000
4,000
22,000
19,000
11,000
161,000
4,000
12,000
13,000
8,000
132,000
3,000
16,000
10,000
9,000
128,000
2,000
10,000
10,000
7,000
119,000
2,000
7,000
8,000
5,000
101,000
S
66,000
S
109,000
S
156,000
S
181,000
S
191,000
S
159,000
S
139,000
S
6,000
4,000
7,000
46,000
1,000
8,000
9,000
7,000
83,000
2,000
12,000
12,000
7,000
122,000
2,000
9,000
8,000
11,000
147,000
5,000
10,000
10,000
9,000
161,000
1,000
7,000
7,000
4,000
139,000
1,000
8,000
7,000
5,000
118,000
1,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
22,000
1,000
22,000
S
5,000
S
S
16,000
S
28,000
S
2,000
S
S
25,000
S
26,000
S
24,000
S
S
S
39,000
S
S
4,000
S
34,000
S
1,000
S
S
108,000
S
7,000
2,000
2,000
96,000
S
118,000
S
4,000
3,000
2,000
108,000
1,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
141,000
*
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Bachelor's degrees, all occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
36,000
S
28,000
S
14,000
S
13,000
S
15,000
S
9,000
8,000
11,000
109,000
3,000
4,000
1,000
4,000
25,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
21,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
S
1,000
*
14,000
S
S
1,000
10,000
S
13,000
S
*
S
*
8,000
S
S
1,000
S
6,000
S
724,000
2,000
25,000
59,000
57,000
569,000
12,000
160,000
1,000
5,000
13,000
13,000
125,000
2,000
106,000
S
103,000
S
92,000
S
3,000
8,000
13,000
79,000
S
7,000
9,000
7,000
75,000
4,000
4,000
8,000
8,000
71,000
S
1,435,000
3,000
109,000
56,000
73,000
1,168,000
26,000
178,000
S
207,000
S
229,000
S
17,000
15,000
18,000
124,000
4,000
21,000
5,000
13,000
162,000
4,000
714,000
3,000
21,000
91,000
59,000
527,000
13,000
163,000
1,000
8,000
24,000
20,000
105,000
5,000
2,902,000
14,000
234,000
193,000
178,000
2,224,000
60,000
12,000
S
1,000
2,000
1,000
11,000
S
86,000
S
S
85,000
S
S
50,000
S
S
8,000
7,000
70,000
S
6,000
7,000
69,000
S
5,000
3,000
41,000
S
138,000
S
175,000
S
146,000
S
179,000
S
15,000
8,000
14,000
184,000
7,000
12,000
6,000
7,000
109,000
S
16,000
7,000
6,000
143,000
3,000
9,000
7,000
5,000
125,000
S
10,000
6,000
4,000
158,000
S
152,000
S
120,000
S
68,000
S
3,000
14,000
9,000
91,000
2,000
57,000
S
S
45,000
S
2,000
22,000
12,000
111,000
3,000
84,000
S
S
507,000
3,000
52,000
45,000
43,000
344,000
20,000
398,000
1,000
24,000
37,000
34,000
290,000
11,000
399,000
5,000
25,000
25,000
28,000
309,000
8,000
10,886,000
53,000
968,000
648,000
638,000
8,351,000
228,000
1,571,000
7,000
198,000
116,000
127,000
1,067,000
56,000
1,588,000
7,000
130,000
107,000
124,000
1,177,000
44,000
2,911,000
13,000
336,000
126,000
156,000
2,217,000
62,000
431,000
1,000
82,000
18,000
31,000
283,000
16,000
490,000
2,000
58,000
23,000
36,000
359,000
12,000
536,000
3,000
70,000
22,000
34,000
395,000
13,000
424,000
2,000
52,000
19,000
19,000
325,000
7,000
401,000
4,000
33,000
22,000
17,000
321,000
5,000
276,000
S
201,000
S
18,000
13,000
10,000
231,000
4,000
11,000
7,000
5,000
174,000
4,000
153,000
S
14,000
2,000
5,000
130,000
2,000
1,865,000
10,000
285,000
1,000
340,000
2,000
361,000
2,000
277,000
1,000
251,000
3,000
168,000
S
111,000
S
72,000
S
11,000
4,000
66,000
S
1,000
9,000
6,000
50,000
2,000
324,000
S
28,000
25,000
20,000
247,000
3,000
1,000
*
13,000
S
43,000
S
2,000
2,000
S
38,000
S
183,000
S
8,000
3,000
5,000
164,000
3,000
25,000
S
S
S
S
22,000
S
6,000
5,000
46,000
S
2,000
5,000
3,000
35,000
S
343,000
S
355,000
S
300,000
S
23,000
19,000
23,000
274,000
3,000
31,000
22,000
20,000
276,000
6,000
22,000
15,000
7,000
251,000
5,000
274,000
S
29,000
6,000
3,000
233,000
3,000
1,734,000 1,405,000 1,417,000 1,221,000 1,040,000
15,000
7,000
7,000
5,000
3,000
154,000
128,000
108,000
96,000
74,000
103,000
90,000
89,000
72,000
48,000
113,000
78,000
80,000
59,000
34,000
1,310,000 1,074,000 1,114,000
974,000
865,000
39,000
28,000
19,000
16,000
16,000
909,000
3,000
79,000
23,000
24,000
771,000
10,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
236,000
89,000
91,000
1,399,000
40,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
57,000
13,000
19,000
183,000
11,000
44,000
16,000
21,000
247,000
10,000
55,000
16,000
22,000
258,000
7,000
37,000
15,000
11,000
209,000
4,000
22,000
14,000
10,000
199,000
3,000
8,000
8,000
4,000
145,000
3,000
6,000
5,000
3,000
96,000
1,000
6,000
2,000
1,000
62,000
S
203,000
3,000
19,000
6,000
10,000
159,000
6,000
45,000
S
46,000
S
20,000
S
26,000
S
19,000
S
17,000
S
6,000
1,000
3,000
33,000
2,000
5,000
S
3,000
34,000
3,000
21,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
19,000
S
14,000
S
21,000
S
16,000
S
15,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
32,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
*
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
137,000
2,000
16,000
4,000
8,000
103,000
4,000
32,000
S
38,000
S
14,000
S
13,000
S
10,000
S
8,000
S
4,000
1,000
3,000
23,000
1,000
5,000
S
3,000
27,000
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
15,000
S
10,000
S
10,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
22,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
20,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
13,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,394,000
3,000
198,000
73,000
63,000
1,028,000
29,000
173,000
S
243,000
S
297,000
S
233,000
S
199,000
S
123,000
S
77,000
S
45,000
10,000
11,000
100,000
7,000
36,000
14,000
13,000
174,000
6,000
52,000
15,000
19,000
205,000
6,000
33,000
12,000
7,000
176,000
3,000
19,000
12,000
8,000
157,000
2,000
7,000
6,000
3,000
104,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
1,000
68,000
S
50,000
S
2,000
1,000
S
45,000
S
1,345,000
3,000
195,000
69,000
161,000
S
231,000
S
293,000
S
228,000
S
196,000
S
118,000
S
73,000
S
44,000
9,000
35,000
13,000
52,000
14,000
33,000
12,000
19,000
11,000
7,000
5,000
3,000
3,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
1,000
*
2,000
27,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
46,000
S
2,000
1,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
60,000
989,000
28,000
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
10,000
91,000
7,000
12,000
163,000
6,000
19,000
201,000
6,000
7,000
172,000
3,000
7,000
155,000
2,000
3,000
101,000
2,000
1,000
65,000
S
S
41,000
S
32,000
S
7,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
27,000
S
1,000
*
7,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
17,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
2,000
1,000
12,000
S
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
159,000
1,000
14,000
5,000
9,000
128,000
3,000
33,000
S
28,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
22,000
S
18,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
S
3,000
21,000
S
14,000
S
S
S
S
20,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
26,000
1,000
25,000
S
S
S
17,000
S
9,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
79,000
S
15,000
S
16,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
12,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
10,000
4,000
6,000
58,000
1,000
13,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
6,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
39,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
*
7,000
S
S
S
*
7,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
6,000
S
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
S
S
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
1,000
*
2,000
35,000
*
1,000
5,000
S
12,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
15,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
3,000
S
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
4,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
8,000
S
25,000
S
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
108,000
S
33,000
S
5,000
6,000
8,000
84,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
4,000
25,000
1,000
23,000
S
S
1,000
2,000
19,000
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
7,000
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
10,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
19,000
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
2,000
1,000
1,000
22,000
S
2,000
4,000
13,000
S
2,000
6,000
S
2,000
5,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
50,000
S
Years since highest degree
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
8,000
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
9,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
149,000
S
175,000
S
147,000
S
150,000
S
108,000
S
90,000
S
14,000
7,000
15,000
111,000
2,000
15,000
6,000
12,000
137,000
5,000
15,000
5,000
9,000
116,000
3,000
10,000
8,000
7,000
123,000
2,000
10,000
5,000
6,000
86,000
2,000
5,000
2,000
3,000
78,000
3,000
8,000
S
S
1,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
8,000
S
9,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
3,000
2,000
40,000
2,000
1,000
6,000
S
1,046,000
3,000
100,000
36,000
65,000
818,000
23,000
146,000
1,000
25,000
4,000
11,000
100,000
5,000
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
57,000
S
8,000
S
4,000
2,000
3,000
45,000
2,000
2,000
*
5,000
S
S
S
1,000
5,000
*
1,000
4,000
S
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
51,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
10,000
S
5,000
2,000
3,000
39,000
1,000
2,000
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
185,000
1,000
14,000
7,000
16,000
142,000
6,000
27,000
*
31,000
S
32,000
S
18,000
S
23,000
S
17,000
S
18,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
21,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
22,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
15,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
27,000
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
19,000
S
1,000
14,000
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
242,000
1,000
36,000
9,000
15,000
176,000
6,000
32,000
S
34,000
S
41,000
S
39,000
S
40,000
S
24,000
S
18,000
S
8,000
1,000
3,000
19,000
2,000
5,000
1,000
3,000
23,000
S
6,000
2,000
3,000
29,000
1,000
7,000
1,000
2,000
29,000
S
5,000
2,000
2,000
31,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
19,000
S
1,000
S
S
15,000
S
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
65,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
5,000
6,000
45,000
1,000
2,000
*
11,000
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
1,000
5,000
*
1,000
8,000
S
14,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
211,000
1,000
30,000
S
30,000
S
28,000
S
22,000
S
16,000
S
17,000
S
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,000
5,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
7,000
S
35,000
S
32,000
S
80,000
S
7,000
S
4,000
68,000
1,000
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
18,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
13,000
S
14,000
S
1,000
S
S
12,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
1,000
S
S
14,000
S
2,000
S
S
14,000
S
<5 years
5–9 years
3,000
*
1,000
1,000
4,000
24,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
29,000
1,000
2,000
27,000
S
1,000
24,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
19,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
24,000
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
1,000
S
S
16,000
S
16,000
5,000
11,000
174,000
3,000
2,000
24,000
1,000
8,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
*
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
227,000
S
28,000
S
32,000
S
35,000
S
31,000
S
33,000
S
27,000
S
17,000
6,000
10,000
191,000
3,000
5,000
1,000
2,000
19,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
25,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
29,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
25,000
S
1,000
29,000
S
1,000
23,000
S
2,810,000
16,000
251,000
176,000
149,000
2,156,000
63,000
361,000
3,000
33,000
31,000
22,000
258,000
14,000
433,000
1,000
31,000
28,000
25,000
333,000
16,000
454,000
3,000
35,000
31,000
25,000
352,000
7,000
378,000
S
380,000
S
255,000
S
34,000
23,000
22,000
287,000
10,000
30,000
28,000
23,000
293,000
6,000
343,000
3,000
39,000
20,000
16,000
261,000
4,000
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,865,000
10,000
179,000
133,000
90,000
1,406,000
46,000
275,000
2,000
24,000
26,000
16,000
196,000
11,000
302,000
S
307,000
S
230,000
S
245,000
S
232,000
S
156,000
S
18,000
21,000
15,000
234,000
13,000
26,000
23,000
13,000
239,000
5,000
23,000
16,000
13,000
170,000
6,000
21,000
22,000
14,000
184,000
4,000
30,000
16,000
10,000
172,000
3,000
22,000
5,000
5,000
121,000
S
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
199,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
20,000
S
S
25,000
S
39,000
S
40,000
S
29,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
30,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
21,000
S
S
S
S
36,000
S
26,000
S
18,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
40,000
S
S
S
24,000
S
S
S
30,000
S
S
S
4,000
34,000
S
2,000
19,000
S
2,000
25,000
S
30,000
S
S
S
S
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
12,000
11,000
8,000
165,000
2,000
23,000
S
27,000
8,000
8,000
208,000
3,000
1,000
5,000
S
3,000
1,000
14,000
S
283,000
2,000
7,000
17,000
20,000
234,000
4,000
38,000
S
51,000
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
29,000
*
2,000
3,000
4,000
40,000
S
306,000
1,000
37,000
10,000
21,000
37,000
S
44,000
S
44,000
S
46,000
S
52,000
S
32,000
S
30,000
S
6,000
2,000
3,000
7,000
S
5,000
2,000
4,000
4,000
2,000
3,000
5,000
2,000
4,000
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
2,000
3,000
20,000
S
44,000
S
S
5,000
2,000
34,000
S
2,000
27,000
S
206,000
S
23,000
7,000
7,000
164,000
4,000
118,000
S
15,000
4,000
5,000
91,000
S
19,000
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
28,000
S
S
2,000
S
25,000
S
20,000
S
4,000
S
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
227,000
10,000
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
25,000
2,000
33,000
S
32,000
S
34,000
3,000
39,000
S
25,000
S
26,000
S
14,000
S
156,000
S
3,000
S
17,000
S
34,000
S
20,000
S
19,000
S
15,000
5,000
10,000
123,000
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
S
18,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
12,000
S
2,000
28,000
S
24,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
15,000
S
21,000
S
2,000
S
S
18,000
S
5,165,000
24,000
380,000
346,000
333,000
3,979,000
103,000
779,000
3,000
83,000
68,000
74,000
525,000
26,000
665,000
3,000
41,000
56,000
64,000
486,000
16,000
744,000
8,000
50,000
49,000
54,000
562,000
20,000
603,000
S
602,000
S
585,000
S
43,000
48,000
37,000
462,000
11,000
635,000
2,000
46,000
39,000
39,000
500,000
9,000
40,000
38,000
33,000
483,000
7,000
37,000
34,000
20,000
484,000
9,000
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
165,000
S
18,000
S
5,000
7,000
12,000
139,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
13,000
S
22,000
S
S
24,000
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
24,000
S
S
S
S
20,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
S
S
S
S
22,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
S
16,000
S
20,000
S
19,000
S
19,000
S
20,000
S
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
816,000
4,000
80,000
60,000
49,000
606,000
17,000
110,000
*
119,000
S
136,000
S
101,000
S
94,000
S
98,000
S
88,000
S
23,000
8,000
9,000
65,000
4,000
11,000
10,000
11,000
85,000
3,000
14,000
10,000
8,000
101,000
S
7,000
9,000
4,000
79,000
S
10,000
7,000
6,000
68,000
S
7,000
7,000
4,000
78,000
S
4,000
5,000
5,000
71,000
S
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
528,000
4,000
27,000
23,000
24,000
445,000
5,000
19,000
S
S
24,000
S
S
69,000
S
86,000
S
104,000
S
75,000
S
76,000
S
2,000
2,000
14,000
S
2,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
55,000
S
3,000
4,000
4,000
70,000
S
4,000
5,000
6,000
88,000
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
67,000
S
5,000
4,000
3,000
64,000
S
76,000
S
3,000
S
S
69,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
29,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
22,000
S
1,000
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
360,000
1,000
15,000
32,000
38,000
266,000
8,000
66,000
S
46,000
S
54,000
S
S
50,000
S
S
S
43,000
S
S
29,000
S
S
4,000
5,000
34,000
S
4,000
S
29,000
S
S
2,000
S
24,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,000
6,000
S
2,000
7,000
6,000
49,000
1,000
19,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
43,000
S
S
2,000
8,000
29,000
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
29,000
S
20,000
S
6,000
6,000
38,000
S
2,000
15,000
S
5,000
40,000
S
22,000
S
551,000
S
42,000
14,000
12,000
477,000
5,000
15,000
S
S
S
S
15,000
S
69,000
S
5,000
2,000
2,000
60,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Master's degrees, all occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
1,080,000
2,000
77,000
42,000
54,000
884,000
21,000
131,000
S
148,000
S
169,000
S
109,000
S
132,000
S
106,000
S
140,000
S
12,000
10,000
12,000
93,000
4,000
14,000
3,000
11,000
115,000
4,000
8,000
6,000
11,000
138,000
5,000
9,000
4,000
5,000
88,000
S
11,000
6,000
4,000
107,000
3,000
7,000
5,000
3,000
91,000
S
8,000
6,000
3,000
122,000
S
271,000
1,000
9,000
41,000
29,000
186,000
5,000
79,000
S
5,000
11,000
10,000
50,000
2,000
56,000
S
S
43,000
S
S
21,000
S
S
24,000
S
S
21,000
S
S
19,000
S
S
11,000
5,000
39,000
S
5,000
5,000
30,000
S
5,000
1,000
15,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
16,000
S
3,000
2,000
15,000
S
14,000
S
1,915,000
11,000
166,000
138,000
124,000
1,432,000
44,000
347,000
2,000
36,000
29,000
31,000
235,000
14,000
248,000
S
204,000
S
210,000
S
236,000
S
208,000
S
12,000
26,000
24,000
177,000
7,000
256,000
5,000
16,000
16,000
19,000
192,000
7,000
19,000
20,000
13,000
149,000
3,000
19,000
14,000
14,000
161,000
2,000
21,000
17,000
15,000
176,000
5,000
18,000
11,000
5,000
169,000
4,000
5,384,000
20,000
627,000
326,000
254,000
4,078,000
79,000
1,073,000
6,000
189,000
80,000
76,000
696,000
26,000
1,019,000
3,000
132,000
73,000
57,000
738,000
16,000
885,000
3,000
106,000
61,000
39,000
663,000
13,000
678,000
3,000
71,000
36,000
32,000
529,000
7,000
600,000
2,000
51,000
29,000
21,000
490,000
7,000
505,000
S
372,000
S
36,000
28,000
16,000
418,000
5,000
26,000
13,000
9,000
320,000
3,000
1,497,000
4,000
349,000
53,000
54,000
1,014,000
23,000
323,000
*
286,000
1,000
81,000
12,000
13,000
175,000
5,000
260,000
S
206,000
S
161,000
S
112,000
S
93,000
S
64,000
11,000
11,000
168,000
4,000
42,000
7,000
6,000
148,000
2,000
21,000
3,000
2,000
133,000
2,000
12,000
3,000
3,000
93,000
1,000
11,000
1,000
2,000
77,000
1,000
186,000
S
148,000
S
110,000
S
76,000
S
61,000
S
50,000
7,000
6,000
119,000
3,000
32,000
6,000
5,000
102,000
S
15,000
2,000
2,000
90,000
2,000
7,000
3,000
2,000
63,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
52,000
1,000
7,000
S
112,000
15,000
14,000
172,000
9,000
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
146,000
S
8,000
3,000
4,000
130,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
206,000
S
25,000
4,000
3,000
172,000
2,000
252,000
S
16,000
6,000
3,000
223,000
3,000
55,000
S
5,000
S
2,000
47,000
1,000
1,023,000
4,000
248,000
40,000
33,000
681,000
17,000
77,000
11,000
8,000
112,000
6,000
198,000
1,000
60,000
10,000
8,000
117,000
3,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
113,000
S
30,000
S
22,000
S
15,000
S
13,000
S
15,000
S
18,000
2,000
4,000
86,000
2,000
7,000
1,000
1,000
19,000
1,000
3,000
S
1,000
16,000
S
4,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
11,000
S
13,000
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
15,000
S
3,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
214,000
*
15–19
years
1,000
S
S
30,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
27,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
S
Years since highest degree
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
12,000
S
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
76,000
S
22,000
S
15,000
S
11,000
S
9,000
S
9,000
S
15,000
1,000
3,000
54,000
2,000
6,000
1,000
1,000
13,000
1,000
2,000
S
1,000
10,000
S
4,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
11,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
11,000
S
S
1,000
*
3,000
S
S
*
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
3,000
S
627,000
2,000
207,000
29,000
16,000
363,000
10,000
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
1,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
8,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
118,000
S
128,000
S
129,000
S
102,000
S
65,000
S
42,000
S
31,000
S
58,000
6,000
4,000
46,000
3,000
52,000
7,000
5,000
62,000
2,000
44,000
5,000
3,000
74,000
2,000
29,000
6,000
2,000
63,000
S
13,000
1,000
S
4,000
1,000
S
49,000
S
6,000
2,000
1,000
33,000
S
25,000
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
546,000
S
100,000
S
115,000
S
115,000
S
92,000
S
57,000
S
35,000
S
25,000
S
195,000
24,000
14,000
303,000
10,000
53,000
6,000
3,000
35,000
3,000
50,000
6,000
4,000
53,000
2,000
43,000
4,000
3,000
63,000
2,000
28,000
5,000
2,000
56,000
S
12,000
1,000
S
4,000
1,000
S
44,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
27,000
S
19,000
S
39,000
S
10,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
7,000
2,000
1,000
28,000
S
3,000
*
*
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
42,000
S
9,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
4,000
2,000
*
6,000
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
2,000
31,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
84,000
*
18,000
S
13,000
S
10,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
1,000
2,000
S
1,000
11,000
S
2,000
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
12,000
2,000
3,000
66,000
1,000
12,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
10,000
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
26,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
8,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
S
2,000
*
*
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
30,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
7,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
*
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
49,000
S
36,000
S
6,000
2,000
3,000
36,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
28,000
21,000
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
16,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
16,000
15,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
1,000
27,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
S
200,000
2,000
12,000
7,000
10,000
166,000
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
32,000
S
S
1,000
2,000
27,000
15–19
years
3,000
S
21,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
18,000
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
S
4,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
4,000
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
36,000
S
12,000
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
26,000
1,000
2,000
*
7,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
87,000
S
20,000
S
S
13,000
S
S
S
*
13,000
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
9,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
9,000
S
8,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
43,000
S
10,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
36,000
S
1,000
*
*
9,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
474,000
*
109,000
S
88,000
S
74,000
S
59,000
S
52,000
S
36,000
S
32,000
S
101,000
13,000
21,000
333,000
6,000
36,000
4,000
6,000
61,000
2,000
21,000
2,000
5,000
58,000
1,000
14,000
4,000
5,000
50,000
1,000
10,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
46,000
1,000
1,000
43,000
S
5,000
1,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,000
14,000
S
3,000
3,000
4,000
76,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
S
1,000
1,000
15,000
S
1,000
S
30,000
S
1,000
25,000
S
25,000
S
3,000
S
S
21,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
32,000
S
7,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
27,000
*
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
21,000
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
14,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
75,000
S
14,000
S
14,000
S
13,000
S
7,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
14,000
2,000
4,000
55,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
11,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
128,000
S
28,000
S
25,000
S
20,000
S
17,000
S
17,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
S
43,000
4,000
5,000
75,000
2,000
13,000
2,000
1,000
12,000
1,000
10,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
S
6,000
1,000
2,000
11,000
S
6,000
S
S
4,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
10,000
S
13,000
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
25,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
18,000
S
2,000
S
*
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
1,000
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
84,000
S
23,000
S
17,000
S
13,000
S
10,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
16,000
2,000
4,000
61,000
1,000
6,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
12,000
S
1,000
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
9,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
99,000
S
21,000
S
19,000
S
15,000
S
11,000
S
6,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
9,000
S
S
7,000
S
16,000
12,000
S
S
5,000
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
1,000
2,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
3,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
3,000
4,000
75,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
13,000
*
1,000
13,000
S
1,266,000
5,000
96,000
83,000
55,000
1,010,000
17,000
285,000
2,000
29,000
19,000
19,000
209,000
8,000
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
646,000
4,000
52,000
44,000
26,000
513,000
7,000
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
9,000
S
10,000
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
5,000
S
273,000
S
215,000
S
144,000
S
128,000
S
117,000
S
66,000
S
18,000
21,000
12,000
219,000
2,000
13,000
13,000
8,000
177,000
3,000
10,000
10,000
8,000
115,000
S
12,000
7,000
4,000
102,000
2,000
8,000
8,000
3,000
98,000
S
3,000
2,000
S
59,000
S
164,000
2,000
18,000
11,000
8,000
123,000
2,000
150,000
S
103,000
S
77,000
S
60,000
S
56,000
S
23,000
S
7,000
11,000
5,000
126,000
S
5,000
7,000
4,000
85,000
S
6,000
8,000
4,000
58,000
S
7,000
3,000
2,000
46,000
S
6,000
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
46,000
S
20,000
S
152,000
S
20,000
S
28,000
S
31,000
S
22,000
S
21,000
S
18,000
S
15,000
9,000
8,000
117,000
2,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
11,000
S
4,000
3,000
2,000
19,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
25,000
S
3,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
17,000
S
15,000
S
8,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
343,000
S
85,000
S
71,000
S
58,000
S
10,000
25,000
13,000
288,000
6,000
2,000
7,000
5,000
67,000
4,000
3,000
6,000
2,000
60,000
S
2,000
3,000
1,000
51,000
S
30,000
S
S
S
33,000
S
S
S
S
28,000
S
S
26,000
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
27,000
S
24,000
S
23,000
S
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
59,000
S
14,000
S
12,000
S
8,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
6,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
13,000
2,000
4,000
39,000
1,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
67,000
S
3,000
S
12,000
S
6,000
3,000
5,000
52,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
16,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
8,000
S
11,000
S
7,000
S
7,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
2,621,000
12,000
182,000
190,000
145,000
2,055,000
465,000
4,000
47,000
46,000
43,000
315,000
460,000
2,000
33,000
40,000
32,000
344,000
410,000
S
327,000
2,000
19,000
19,000
18,000
266,000
311,000
S
276,000
S
212,000
S
18,000
19,000
14,000
256,000
16,000
17,000
11,000
228,000
13,000
9,000
5,000
184,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
*
29,000
36,000
20,000
317,000
2,000
26,000
S
36,000
S
3,000
S
S
31,000
S
13,000
S
3,000
S
S
9,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
160,000
S
8,000
3,000
S
145,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
Other
39,000
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
9,000
9,000
7,000
4,000
3,000
4,000
1,000
2,000
82,000
S
16,000
S
5,000
6,000
3,000
67,000
S
3,000
2,000
1,000
9,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
12,000
S
10,000
S
7,000
S
10,000
S
4,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
473,000
3,000
53,000
31,000
26,000
353,000
7,000
88,000
S
85,000
S
72,000
S
59,000
S
63,000
S
44,000
S
29,000
S
16,000
6,000
7,000
56,000
2,000
14,000
7,000
7,000
56,000
S
7,000
7,000
3,000
53,000
S
4,000
3,000
3,000
46,000
S
5,000
3,000
4,000
51,000
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
37,000
S
4,000
2,000
S
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
480,000
3,000
29,000
30,000
25,000
388,000
7,000
41,000
S
74,000
S
72,000
S
82,000
S
66,000
S
66,000
S
5,000
2,000
5,000
28,000
S
5,000
6,000
5,000
57,000
S
4,000
8,000
3,000
55,000
S
4,000
S
6,000
67,000
2,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
55,000
S
2,000
4,000
1,000
57,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
57,000
S
16,000
S
4,000
4,000
5,000
43,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
10,000
S
13,000
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
6,000
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
350,000
S
92,000
S
55,000
S
10,000
26,000
17,000
291,000
4,000
3,000
6,000
7,000
74,000
S
36,000
S
S
32,000
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
41,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
S
S
S
S
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
313,000
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
2,000
10,000
S
62,000
S
S
3,000
5,000
S
23,000
S
47,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
41,000
S
6,000
5,000
49,000
S
44,000
S
32,000
S
26,000
S
35,000
S
17,000
S
45,000
S
52,000
S
54,000
S
23,000
S
39,000
S
33,000
S
34,000
S
27,000
14,000
17,000
250,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
29,000
S
6,000
2,000
2,000
41,000
S
6,000
3,000
3,000
41,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
18,000
S
4,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
34,000
S
28,000
S
32,000
S
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
410,000
2,000
11,000
46,000
27,000
317,000
8,000
81,000
1,000
4,000
13,000
9,000
52,000
3,000
91,000
S
S
72,000
S
39,000
S
S
33,000
S
S
11,000
7,000
70,000
2,000
3,000
8,000
4,000
57,000
S
56,000
S
S
6,000
3,000
46,000
S
5,000
2,000
31,000
S
3,000
2,000
28,000
S
23,000
S
S
S
Other non-S&E occupations
456,000
85,000
71,000
67,000
55,000
59,000
44,000
32,000
S
S
S
S
31,000
S
30,000
S
S
S
S
28,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
32,000
S
S
S
S
28,000
S
1,000
20,000
S
15,000
S
S
S
S
14,000
S
46,000
27,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
2,000
43,000
33,000
25,000
346,000
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
10,000
11,000
6,000
56,000
2,000
5,000
6,000
4,000
53,000
S
5,000
5,000
5,000
52,000
S
6,000
3,000
3,000
43,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
49,000
S
30,000
S
40,000
S
883,000
2,000
152,000
30,000
32,000
657,000
10,000
141,000
1,000
30,000
6,000
7,000
94,000
3,000
154,000
*
147,000
*
117,000
*
105,000
*
86,000
S
74,000
S
35,000
6,000
6,000
105,000
2,000
34,000
6,000
5,000
99,000
1,000
21,000
3,000
5,000
86,000
1,000
12,000
3,000
3,000
86,000
1,000
8,000
3,000
3,000
70,000
1,000
7,000
2,000
2,000
63,000
1,000
566,000
2,000
115,000
16,000
17,000
411,000
6,000
98,000
1,000
26,000
4,000
4,000
63,000
1,000
107,000
*
95,000
*
73,000
*
61,000
*
51,000
S
43,000
S
28,000
3,000
4,000
70,000
1,000
25,000
4,000
3,000
61,000
1,000
15,000
2,000
2,000
54,000
1,000
8,000
2,000
1,000
50,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
44,000
*
5,000
1,000
1,000
37,000
*
467,000
1,000
82,000
14,000
15,000
350,000
5,000
81,000
1,000
18,000
3,000
3,000
54,000
1,000
88,000
*
78,000
*
61,000
*
52,000
S
44,000
S
35,000
S
22,000
3,000
3,000
58,000
1,000
18,000
3,000
3,000
52,000
1,000
11,000
1,000
2,000
46,000
1,000
5,000
2,000
1,000
44,000
*
4,000
1,000
1,000
39,000
*
3,000
1,000
1,000
31,000
*
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
154,000
1,000
35,000
4,000
5,000
107,000
2,000
29,000
S
29,000
S
28,000
S
20,000
S
17,000
S
12,000
S
10,000
S
8,000
1,000
1,000
18,000
*
9,000
1,000
1,000
18,000
*
8,000
2,000
1,000
17,000
*
5,000
*
1,000
14,000
*
3,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
14,000
*
10,000
*
9,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
10,000
S
2,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
*
*
2,000
S
*
S
*
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
107,000
1,000
30,000
2,000
4,000
70,000
1,000
25,000
S
22,000
S
20,000
S
14,000
S
12,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
7,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
*
8,000
*
4,000
*
1,000
12,000
*
7,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
*
1,000
9,000
*
2,000
S
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
*
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
2,000
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Doctorate degrees, all occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
S
8,000
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
22,000
S
59,000
S
5,000
*
1,000
53,000
*
37,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
33,000
*
29,000
S
2,000
*
1,000
26,000
*
7,000
S
*
S
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
S
Years since highest degree
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
S
*
S
S
*
S
S
*
S
S
*
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
*
5,000
S
*
*
*
7,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
S
*
4,000
S
*
*
*
3,000
S
*
*
S
4,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
83,000
S
14,000
S
18,000
S
15,000
S
11,000
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
23,000
2,000
2,000
55,000
1,000
5,000
*
*
7,000
*
*
6,000
1,000
*
3,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
8,000
S
*
S
*
8,000
*
10,000
*
8,000
*
7,000
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
41,000
S
5,000
S
9,000
S
9,000
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
14,000
1,000
1,000
25,000
*
2,000
*
*
5,000
*
*
4,000
S
*
2,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
12,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
30,000
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
6,000
1,000
1,000
23,000
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
89,000
*
14,000
S
15,000
S
14,000
S
10,000
S
10,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
S
17,000
2,000
2,000
67,000
1,000
4,000
*
1,000
8,000
*
4,000
*
*
3,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
11,000
*
11,000
*
8,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
*
6,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
*
8,000
S
28,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
8,000
*
2,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
2,000
S
*
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
2,000
S
34,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
28,000
1,000
1,000
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
19,000
*
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
11,000
S
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
3,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
*
*
2,000
S
*
S
*
2,000
S
*
S
*
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
16,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
31,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
*
6,000
S
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
*
S
*
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
*
5,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
*
4,000
S
1,000
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
142,000
1,000
7,000
7,000
5,000
120,000
2,000
24,000
S
25,000
*
20,000
S
20,000
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
19,000
*
2,000
1,000
1,000
20,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
*
1,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
*
17,000
S
*
16,000
S
*
1,000
*
1,000
*
12,000
S
*
*
*
15,000
*
15,000
S
11,000
*
8,000
S
*
S
S
7,000
S
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
8,000
S
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
S
*
2,000
S
*
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
2,000
S
*
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
3,000
1,000
1,000
26,000
1,000
3,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
63,000
*
Years since highest degree
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
11,000
S
12,000
S
8,000
S
9,000
S
4,000
4,000
2,000
52,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
*
1,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
*
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
1,000
*
6,000
S
*
*
*
7,000
S
*
*
S
6,000
S
S
*
S
6,000
*
7,000
*
5,000
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
56,000
*
9,000
S
*
*
*
9,000
S
*
*
*
9,000
S
*
*
*
8,000
S
*
*
*
8,000
S
*
*
*
7,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
*
8,000
*
8,000
S
7,000
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
4,000
S
*
*
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
8,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
2,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
99,000
*
17,000
S
20,000
S
17,000
S
12,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
S
8,000
S
32,000
2,000
3,000
61,000
1,000
8,000
*
7,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
*
7,000
*
*
4,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
9,000
*
8,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,000
2,000
2,000
50,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
*
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
6,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
3,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
S
Years since highest degree
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S
*
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
<5 years
5–9 years
S
*
S
*
3,000
S
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
*
S
S
*
S
24,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
10,000
*
*
2,000
S
*
3,000
*
*
2,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
13,000
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
21,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
22,000
S
7,000
*
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
2,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
*
*
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
97,000
*
13,000
S
13,000
S
17,000
*
15,000
S
14,000
S
11,000
S
8,000
S
14,000
3,000
4,000
74,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
*
3,000
1,000
1,000
13,000
*
2,000
*
1,000
*
1,000
12,000
*
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
*
*
9,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
*
12,000
*
53,000
*
10,000
S
8,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
7,000
S
7,000
2,000
1,000
*
1,000
*
1,000
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
*
1,000
14,000
*
1,000
8,000
S
6,000
S
*
S
1,000
*
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
3,000
40,000
*
*
1,000
5,000
*
*
8,000
*
6,000
S
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
27,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
12,000
S
*
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
4,000
S
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
*
*
6,000
S
1,000
4,000
S
*
6,000
S
4,000
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
*
3,000
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
S
*
4,000
S
*
*
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
*
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
220,000
*
30,000
S
34,000
S
34,000
S
29,000
S
30,000
S
24,000
S
23,000
S
24,000
11,000
10,000
172,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
3,000
23,000
1,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
26,000
*
5,000
2,000
1,000
25,000
*
5,000
1,000
2,000
21,000
*
3,000
1,000
1,000
24,000
*
2,000
2,000
1,000
18,000
*
1,000
1,000
1,000
20,000
*
17,000
S
1,000
*
*
15,000
S
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
8,000
S
*
*
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
42,000
*
6,000
S
9,000
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
6,000
2,000
1,000
33,000
*
1,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
6,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
*
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
*
S
4,000
S
7,000
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
4,000
1,000
1,000
20,000
1,000
1,000
*
11,000
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2006
Highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
Years since highest degree
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
4,000
S
S
*
*
8,000
S
10,000
S
10,000
S
12,000
S
9,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
*
*
1,000
*
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
*
*
4,000
S
7,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
7,000
*
1,000
*
*
10,000
S
8,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
S
*
*
3,000
S
S
*
S
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
6,000
S
*
S
S
5,000
S
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
67,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
47,000
S
11,000
S
9,000
S
7,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
2,000
3,000
38,000
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
*
1,000
9,000
S
1,000
7,000
S
1,000
*
*
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
*
S
*
6,000
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
6,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
6,000
3,000
2,000
56,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
4,000
S
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
16,000
S
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
14,000
S
Other non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
* = estimate < 500; S = suppressed for reliability or confidentiality.
4,000
*
1,000
11,000
*
1,000
2,000
1,000
10,000
*
20,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
14,000
*
S&E = science and engineering.
a
b
"Other" includes Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic respondents reporting 2 or more races.
Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include any person who has ever received a bachelor's or higher degree in a science or engineering (S&E) or S&E-related
field through 2005, plus any person holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who was employed in a S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. See
http://sestat.nsf.gov/docs/occ03maj.html for a detailed description of the occupational classification. Numbers are rounded to the nearest thousand. Detail may not
add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2006.
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S