TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
18,021,000
73,000
1,719,000
1,035,000
937,000
13,957,000
300,000
2,979,000
14,000
375,000
224,000
199,000
2,095,000
71,000
3,398,000
13,000
358,000
212,000
202,000
2,532,000
81,000
4,817,000
15,000
684,000
208,000
210,000
3,621,000
80,000
922,000
2,000
197,000
49,000
53,000
601,000
20,000
1,013,000
4,000
177,000
47,000
55,000
710,000
21,000
784,000
2,000
125,000
35,000
35,000
576,000
11,000
693,000
5,000
72,000
28,000
24,000
556,000
9,000
529,000
1,000
45,000
22,000
19,000
435,000
7,000
409,000
1,000
29,000
18,000
11,000
345,000
6,000
279,000
*
22,000
6,000
7,000
239,000
4,000
187,000
S
16,000
3,000
6,000
160,000
2,000
3,262,000
10,000
489,000
155,000
130,000
2,424,000
54,000
659,000
2,000
144,000
38,000
37,000
423,000
15,000
705,000
3,000
136,000
35,000
34,000
482,000
14,000
552,000
1,000
96,000
28,000
23,000
397,000
7,000
466,000
3,000
51,000
20,000
13,000
374,000
6,000
344,000
1,000
27,000
15,000
10,000
286,000
5,000
267,000
S
16,000
13,000
6,000
229,000
3,000
171,000
S
11,000
4,000
5,000
149,000
2,000
98,000
S
9,000
2,000
3,000
84,000
1,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
444,000
3,000
67,000
13,000
19,000
336,000
6,000
118,000
1,000
23,000
5,000
5,000
82,000
2,000
86,000
S
16,000
2,000
6,000
60,000
2,000
54,000
S
9,000
2,000
3,000
39,000
1,000
56,000
S
8,000
1,000
2,000
43,000
1,000
49,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
42,000
1,000
38,000
S
3,000
1,000
*
34,000
*
26,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
23,000
S
16,000
S
2,000
*
1,000
13,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
48,000
S
5,000
1,000
2,000
40,000
*
7,000
S
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
8,000
S
*
*
1,000
6,000
S
4,000
S
*
1,000
*
3,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
298,000
2,000
57,000
9,000
14,000
212,000
4,000
92,000
S
20,000
4,000
4,000
61,000
2,000
64,000
S
15,000
2,000
4,000
43,000
1,000
39,000
S
8,000
1,000
2,000
27,000
*
33,000
S
7,000
*
1,000
23,000
*
29,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
24,000
S
19,000
S
2,000
*
*
16,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
S
S
9,000
S
10,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
39,000
6,000
4,000
3,000
7,000
6,000
7,000
6,000
1,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
37,000
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Postsecondary teachers-life/related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
57,000
S
13,000
S
10,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
All degree levels and occupationsb
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
2,708,000 2,481,000 2,230,000 1,945,000 1,305,000
13,000
10,000
9,000
8,000
3,000
285,000
209,000
178,000
131,000
104,000
165,000
142,000
123,000
99,000
48,000
154,000
137,000
111,000
76,000
27,000
2,046,000 1,954,000 1,785,000 1,606,000 1,108,000
45,000
29,000
25,000
25,000
15,000
975,000
3,000
79,000
22,000
30,000
832,000
10,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
5,000
1,000
2,000
47,000
1,000
2,000
*
*
10,000
S
1,000
*
*
8,000
*
*
*
*
7,000
*
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
*
*
S
5,000
S
*
*
*
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,008,000
3,000
357,000
106,000
76,000
1,432,000
34,000
340,000
1,000
97,000
23,000
20,000
194,000
7,000
467,000
1,000
107,000
25,000
21,000
303,000
10,000
391,000
S
79,000
22,000
14,000
270,000
6,000
317,000
S
38,000
15,000
8,000
251,000
5,000
204,000
S
19,000
10,000
6,000
166,000
4,000
157,000
S
9,000
8,000
4,000
134,000
2,000
87,000
S
6,000
2,000
2,000
75,000
1,000
45,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
40,000
S
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,849,000
3,000
338,000
95,000
71,000
1,309,000
32,000
308,000
*
91,000
19,000
19,000
174,000
6,000
434,000
1,000
103,000
22,000
20,000
279,000
10,000
371,000
S
76,000
21,000
14,000
255,000
6,000
299,000
S
36,000
14,000
8,000
236,000
5,000
188,000
S
18,000
9,000
6,000
152,000
4,000
138,000
S
8,000
7,000
3,000
118,000
1,000
73,000
S
6,000
2,000
2,000
63,000
1,000
38,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
33,000
S
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
67,000
S
8,000
4,000
2,000
53,000
1,000
12,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
7,000
S
15,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
11,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
*
S
S
5,000
S
10,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
92,000
S
11,000
7,000
4,000
70,000
1,000
20,000
S
3,000
3,000
1,000
13,000
S
17,000
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
12,000
S
12,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
9,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
7,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
S
9,000
S
*
*
S
8,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
*
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
*
S
S
5,000
S
315,000
1,000
38,000
9,000
13,000
249,000
5,000
72,000
*
12,000
2,000
4,000
51,000
2,000
58,000
*
8,000
1,000
2,000
46,000
1,000
42,000
S
4,000
1,000
3,000
34,000
1,000
40,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
34,000
*
36,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
30,000
*
28,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
22,000
1,000
23,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
20,000
S
17,000
S
3,000
S
*
13,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
124,000
*
23,000
6,000
6,000
87,000
3,000
30,000
S
6,000
1,000
2,000
20,000
1,000
25,000
S
6,000
1,000
*
17,000
S
16,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
S
15,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
11,000
S
14,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
S
11,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
71,000
*
3,000
11,000
*
1,000
11,000
S
*
12,000
S
*
12,000
S
*
9,000
S
S
7,000
S
S
5,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
1,000
2,000
65,000
1,000
*
1,000
9,000
*
S
1,000
10,000
S
S
1,000
11,000
S
S
*
12,000
S
S
S
9,000
S
S
*
6,000
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
3,000
S
31,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
24,000
*
9,000
S
2,000
S
*
6,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
52,000
S
5,000
1,000
2,000
42,000
1,000
14,000
S
2,000
*
1,000
10,000
*
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
8,000
S
6,000
S
*
*
*
5,000
*
6,000
S
*
*
*
5,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
*
3,000
S
4,000
S
*
*
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
37,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
31,000
*
8,000
S
1,000
S
*
6,000
S
9,000
S
*
S
S
7,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
495,000
3,000
27,000
28,000
22,000
406,000
8,000
129,000
*
12,000
8,000
8,000
96,000
4,000
95,000
1,000
5,000
7,000
5,000
74,000
2,000
65,000
S
4,000
3,000
3,000
54,000
*
54,000
S
2,000
3,000
2,000
47,000
*
54,000
S
1,000
3,000
1,000
48,000
*
44,000
S
1,000
3,000
1,000
39,000
1,000
34,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
31,000
*
19,000
S
2,000
S
S
17,000
S
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
35,000
S
4,000
3,000
1,000
27,000
*
9,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
6,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
*
4,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
14,000
S
*
1,000
1,000
12,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
106,000
28,000
19,000
12,000
10,000
12,000
11,000
9,000
5,000
*
8,000
S
4,000
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
*
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
5,000
5,000
85,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
21,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
S
*
*
9,000
*
*
*
10,000
S
1,000
S
9,000
S
*
*
8,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
181,000
*
5,000
9,000
9,000
155,000
2,000
46,000
*
4,000
2,000
4,000
36,000
*
32,000
S
1,000
4,000
2,000
25,000
1,000
26,000
S
*
1,000
1,000
23,000
*
21,000
S
*
*
1,000
19,000
*
24,000
S
*
1,000
1,000
22,000
*
17,000
S
S
*
*
15,000
1,000
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
22,000
S
*
2,000
2,000
18,000
*
7,000
S
S
*
1,000
6,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
1,000
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
138,000
S
10,000
9,000
5,000
110,000
3,000
33,000
S
3,000
4,000
1,000
22,000
S
31,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
26,000
*
18,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
14,000
S
16,000
S
S
S
S
14,000
S
10,000
S
S
*
S
9,000
S
12,000
S
S
2,000
S
10,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
1,555,000
5,000
194,000
52,000
80,000
1,197,000
26,000
263,000
1,000
53,000
11,000
16,000
178,000
5,000
308,000
S
42,000
12,000
21,000
227,000
7,000
232,000
1,000
29,000
7,000
13,000
179,000
3,000
227,000
2,000
21,000
8,000
11,000
181,000
3,000
185,000
S
18,000
7,000
9,000
149,000
2,000
143,000
S
13,000
5,000
5,000
116,000
3,000
108,000
S
11,000
2,000
2,000
90,000
3,000
89,000
S
7,000
1,000
3,000
76,000
1,000
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
95,000
S
7,000
2,000
5,000
78,000
3,000
14,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
11,000
*
15,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
S
*
9,000
S
16,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
13,000
1,000
14,000
S
1,000
S
*
12,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
75,000
1,000
13,000
2,000
3,000
55,000
1,000
15,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
S
16,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
12,000
S
10,000
S
2,000
S
*
6,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
9,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
*
S
5,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
247,000
1,000
24,000
8,000
17,000
39,000
S
6,000
2,000
4,000
48,000
S
3,000
1,000
4,000
30,000
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
34,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
29,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
26,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
21,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
20,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
188,000
8,000
28,000
1,000
36,000
3,000
23,000
1,000
29,000
S
22,000
S
20,000
1,000
15,000
1,000
15,000
S
367,000
*
77,000
15,000
18,000
253,000
5,000
64,000
S
20,000
4,000
3,000
36,000
1,000
76,000
S
20,000
4,000
5,000
47,000
1,000
59,000
S
12,000
1,000
4,000
42,000
S
58,000
S
11,000
3,000
3,000
41,000
1,000
43,000
S
5,000
1,000
2,000
34,000
*
30,000
S
6,000
1,000
1,000
21,000
1,000
22,000
S
2,000
S
S
19,000
S
15,000
S
2,000
S
S
13,000
S
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
86,000
S
8,000
5,000
7,000
64,000
1,000
16,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
11,000
S
21,000
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
14,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
S
S
9,000
S
13,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
9,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
272,000
S
28,000
6,000
12,000
223,000
3,000
50,000
S
8,000
1,000
3,000
37,000
1,000
54,000
S
6,000
1,000
4,000
42,000
1,000
50,000
S
5,000
1,000
2,000
42,000
1,000
33,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
28,000
S
30,000
S
2,000
*
1,000
27,000
S
22,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
19,000
S
15,000
S
1,000
S
S
14,000
S
17,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
15,000
S
33,000
S
6,000
1,000
2,000
23,000
*
9,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
5,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
380,000
1,000
32,000
13,000
16,000
313,000
5,000
56,000
S
8,000
3,000
3,000
40,000
1,000
73,000
S
6,000
2,000
3,000
61,000
1,000
56,000
S
5,000
2,000
4,000
44,000
S
57,000
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
49,000
1,000
51,000
S
4,000
3,000
2,000
41,000
S
39,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
35,000
*
29,000
S
3,000
S
S
25,000
S
19,000
S
1,000
S
S
18,000
S
5,331,000
21,000
493,000
294,000
271,000
4,158,000
94,000
870,000
3,000
83,000
57,000
47,000
657,000
23,000
1,028,000
4,000
87,000
56,000
53,000
804,000
25,000
795,000
5,000
77,000
53,000
41,000
605,000
14,000
758,000
1,000
66,000
49,000
50,000
581,000
10,000
714,000
3,000
65,000
38,000
32,000
567,000
9,000
534,000
2,000
48,000
20,000
28,000
430,000
7,000
351,000
S
34,000
13,000
9,000
292,000
2,000
280,000
S
33,000
9,000
11,000
221,000
4,000
3,515,000
13,000
361,000
205,000
180,000
2,689,000
67,000
590,000
2,000
60,000
37,000
30,000
443,000
17,000
684,000
1,000
52,000
42,000
34,000
538,000
17,000
516,000
3,000
54,000
36,000
28,000
382,000
12,000
497,000
1,000
50,000
37,000
31,000
373,000
6,000
486,000
1,000
51,000
28,000
24,000
376,000
5,000
346,000
S
38,000
13,000
20,000
269,000
5,000
205,000
S
27,000
6,000
6,000
164,000
1,000
191,000
S
29,000
5,000
9,000
143,000
4,000
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
386,000
1,000
27,000
13,000
12,000
327,000
5,000
29,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
22,000
1,000
59,000
S
4,000
2,000
2,000
49,000
1,000
72,000
S
10,000
2,000
4,000
55,000
*
67,000
S
5,000
2,000
3,000
57,000
*
61,000
S
3,000
2,000
*
55,000
1,000
45,000
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
40,000
S
33,000
S
1,000
S
S
30,000
S
20,000
S
1,000
S
S
19,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
716,000
3,000
14,000
50,000
41,000
597,000
11,000
158,000
S
5,000
15,000
9,000
126,000
3,000
138,000
S
3,000
8,000
8,000
114,000
3,000
103,000
S
1,000
8,000
4,000
89,000
S
83,000
S
S
6,000
9,000
66,000
S
70,000
S
1,000
4,000
4,000
59,000
S
70,000
S
1,000
3,000
4,000
60,000
S
60,000
S
1,000
4,000
2,000
54,000
S
34,000
S
S
3,000
S
30,000
S
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
500,000
2,000
71,000
20,000
26,000
372,000
8,000
74,000
*
13,000
3,000
4,000
53,000
2,000
106,000
S
22,000
3,000
6,000
73,000
2,000
72,000
S
10,000
5,000
4,000
53,000
1,000
79,000
S
8,000
3,000
5,000
60,000
S
66,000
S
7,000
4,000
3,000
52,000
S
51,000
S
6,000
1,000
1,000
41,000
S
34,000
S
4,000
S
S
27,000
S
17,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
12,000
S
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
214,000
S
19,000
7,000
12,000
173,000
3,000
19,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
13,000
S
42,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
31,000
S
32,000
S
2,000
S
S
26,000
S
32,000
S
2,000
2,000
3,000
25,000
S
30,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
26,000
S
22,000
S
S
S
1,000
19,000
S
19,000
S
2,000
S
S
17,000
S
18,000
S
1,000
S
S
17,000
S
7,873,000
38,000
542,000
533,000
456,000
6,179,000
126,000
1,186,000
9,000
95,000
118,000
99,000
837,000
29,000
1,356,000
6,000
93,000
109,000
95,000
1,019,000
35,000
987,000 1,002,000
5,000
6,000
68,000
55,000
63,000
62,000
60,000
37,000
783,000
830,000
9,000
12,000
676,000
S
48,000
29,000
12,000
578,000
8,000
508,000
S
30,000
9,000
13,000
451,000
4,000
248,000
S
10,000
9,000
19,000
206,000
3,000
27,000
S
1,000
1,000
4,000
21,000
S
45,000
S
1,000
S
3,000
39,000
S
51,000
S
3,000
S
5,000
38,000
S
30,000
S
S
S
1,000
27,000
S
20,000
S
1,000
S
S
15,000
S
36,000
S
2,000
S
S
31,000
S
22,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
S
16,000
S
S
S
S
15,000
S
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,310,000
10,000
125,000
97,000
72,000
983,000
22,000
169,000
S
22,000
15,000
15,000
114,000
3,000
251,000
S
28,000
20,000
15,000
180,000
7,000
191,000
S
18,000
19,000
11,000
139,000
2,000
178,000
S
14,000
13,000
13,000
136,000
S
171,000
S
18,000
9,000
7,000
134,000
3,000
166,000
3,000
10,000
15,000
6,000
129,000
3,000
106,000
S
11,000
5,000
2,000
85,000
S
78,000
S
5,000
2,000
S
67,000
S
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
922,000
3,000
55,000
1,000
118,000
S
140,000
S
153,000
S
149,000
S
150,000
S
89,000
S
68,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
1,129,000 1,029,000
6,000
4,000
83,000
71,000
78,000
65,000
77,000
63,000
865,000
817,000
20,000
10,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
45,000
47,000
38,000
781,000
8,000
6,000
6,000
3,000
38,000
S
6,000
11,000
8,000
91,000
S
8,000
6,000
7,000
116,000
2,000
7,000
7,000
6,000
131,000
S
5,000
6,000
6,000
131,000
1,000
7,000
6,000
4,000
133,000
S
4,000
5,000
1,000
78,000
1,000
2,000
S
1,000
64,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
140,000
1,000
10,000
9,000
11,000
107,000
2,000
40,000
S
4,000
3,000
6,000
27,000
S
28,000
S
1,000
2,000
2,000
21,000
*
17,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
13,000
S
14,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
12,000
*
11,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
S
15,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
12,000
S
10,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
600,000
3,000
19,000
58,000
47,000
464,000
10,000
129,000
2,000
5,000
15,000
14,000
90,000
4,000
99,000
S
3,000
11,000
9,000
73,000
S
86,000
S
3,000
5,000
10,000
65,000
2,000
80,000
S
2,000
8,000
4,000
66,000
1,000
73,000
S
3,000
8,000
7,000
54,000
S
69,000
S
2,000
6,000
3,000
58,000
S
37,000
S
S
3,000
S
33,000
S
27,000
S
S
2,000
S
24,000
S
1,322,000
5,000
102,000
53,000
57,000
1,081,000
24,000
160,000
1,000
15,000
12,000
10,000
119,000
2,000
243,000
S
22,000
7,000
13,000
192,000
10,000
174,000
S
13,000
8,000
8,000
139,000
5,000
160,000
S
18,000
6,000
7,000
126,000
S
150,000
S
10,000
9,000
8,000
122,000
S
168,000
S
10,000
5,000
5,000
146,000
S
149,000
S
8,000
5,000
3,000
131,000
S
117,000
S
7,000
S
2,000
106,000
1,000
621,000
5,000
19,000
84,000
52,000
450,000
11,000
166,000
3,000
7,000
31,000
15,000
106,000
4,000
144,000
1,000
4,000
17,000
12,000
106,000
4,000
92,000
S
2,000
12,000
9,000
67,000
2,000
68,000
S
2,000
7,000
4,000
54,000
1,000
59,000
S
1,000
7,000
7,000
41,000
S
48,000
S
1,000
6,000
2,000
38,000
S
28,000
S
S
2,000
S
24,000
S
17,000
S
S
2,000
S
14,000
S
2,711,000
9,000
214,000
175,000
159,000
2,108,000
46,000
439,000
2,000
37,000
35,000
32,000
321,000
13,000
429,000
S
29,000
38,000
33,000
317,000
10,000
377,000
S
33,000
24,000
26,000
288,000
6,000
347,000
S
29,000
23,000
26,000
265,000
4,000
355,000
S
28,000
23,000
21,000
278,000
2,000
349,000
S
23,000
21,000
14,000
284,000
6,000
235,000
S
21,000
8,000
3,000
199,000
3,000
180,000
S
15,000
2,000
4,000
157,000
S
10,490,000
47,000
873,000
648,000
588,000
8,135,000
198,000
1,453,000
9,000
139,000
113,000
110,000
1,040,000
42,000
1,960,000
10,000
161,000
126,000
134,000
1,478,000
51,000
1,593,000 1,500,000 1,341,000 1,197,000
8,000
8,000
7,000
4,000
149,000
114,000
113,000
81,000
110,000
96,000
87,000
65,000
97,000
86,000
75,000
48,000
1,194,000 1,175,000 1,044,000
983,000
35,000
21,000
16,000
17,000
813,000
2,000
64,000
35,000
16,000
687,000
9,000
631,000
S
51,000
16,000
22,000
535,000
6,000
2,786,000
11,000
278,000
138,000
440,000
1,000
65,000
26,000
591,000
3,000
69,000
28,000
156,000
S
8,000
4,000
116,000
S
11,000
2,000
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Bachelor's degrees, all occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Years since highest degree
461,000
1,000
55,000
25,000
444,000
4,000
33,000
22,000
327,000
1,000
24,000
17,000
252,000
S
13,000
14,000
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
Hispanic
White
Other
138,000
2,169,000
52,000
29,000
306,000
12,000
37,000
440,000
15,000
23,000
349,000
7,000
18,000
360,000
6,000
14,000
267,000
4,000
9,000
212,000
4,000
4,000
136,000
3,000
4,000
98,000
1,000
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,777,000
7,000
194,000
98,000
82,000
1,364,000
32,000
307,000
1,000
47,000
19,000
20,000
210,000
9,000
394,000
2,000
54,000
20,000
23,000
286,000
9,000
310,000
1,000
41,000
20,000
14,000
228,000
5,000
286,000
S
23,000
15,000
9,000
233,000
4,000
191,000
S
13,000
11,000
7,000
157,000
2,000
154,000
S
6,000
9,000
4,000
132,000
2,000
84,000
S
4,000
2,000
3,000
74,000
1,000
52,000
S
6,000
2,000
1,000
43,000
S
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
182,000
3,000
15,000
6,000
8,000
146,000
3,000
52,000
S
7,000
3,000
2,000
39,000
1,000
34,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
26,000
1,000
15,000
S
S
S
1,000
12,000
S
23,000
S
2,000
S
S
18,000
S
22,000
S
S
1,000
S
20,000
S
18,000
S
1,000
S
S
16,000
S
12,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
26,000
S
1,000
S
S
23,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
118,000
2,000
13,000
5,000
6,000
91,000
3,000
41,000
S
6,000
2,000
2,000
29,000
1,000
26,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
19,000
1,000
11,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
13,000
S
2,000
S
S
10,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
29,000
S
S
S
1,000
26,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,332,000
2,000
162,000
77,000
58,000
180,000
S
33,000
12,000
13,000
304,000
1,000
49,000
16,000
16,000
270,000
S
40,000
18,000
11,000
235,000
S
19,000
12,000
7,000
145,000
S
11,000
8,000
5,000
112,000
S
4,000
8,000
3,000
52,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
34,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
White
Other
1,010,000
23,000
118,000
4,000
214,000
7,000
195,000
4,000
193,000
3,000
118,000
2,000
96,000
1,000
46,000
S
30,000
S
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,282,000
2,000
160,000
74,000
56,000
967,000
22,000
171,000
S
33,000
11,000
12,000
111,000
4,000
295,000
1,000
49,000
16,000
16,000
206,000
7,000
265,000
S
40,000
18,000
11,000
192,000
4,000
229,000
S
19,000
12,000
7,000
187,000
3,000
139,000
S
11,000
8,000
5,000
113,000
2,000
103,000
S
4,000
7,000
2,000
89,000
1,000
48,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
42,000
S
31,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
28,000
S
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
29,000
S
S
2,000
S
25,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
21,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
17,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
*
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
139,000
1,000
11,000
5,000
8,000
111,000
3,000
36,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
26,000
2,000
27,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
23,000
S
15,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
12,000
S
17,000
S
1,000
S
S
15,000
S
16,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
13,000
S
13,000
S
S
1,000
S
10,000
S
10,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
S
3,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
69,000
S
7,000
4,000
5,000
51,000
2,000
18,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
13,000
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
S
8,000
S
S
1,000
S
6,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
7,000
S
S
*
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
33,000
S
S
S
1,000
31,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
*
4,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
5,000
S
1,000
S
*
2,000
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
10,000
S
S
*
1,000
7,000
1,000
6,000
S
S
*
1,000
4,000
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
22,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
19,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
123,000
S
6,000
10,000
8,000
97,000
S
39,000
S
3,000
4,000
3,000
28,000
S
29,000
S
S
S
2,000
23,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
1,000
8,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
S
S
1,000
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
S
S
1,000
8,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
*
5,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
14,000
S
S
S
2,000
8,000
S
S
S
1,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
10,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
S
S
1,000
7,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
74,000
S
4,000
6,000
3,000
60,000
S
15,000
S
S
3,000
*
9,000
S
22,000
S
S
S
S
19,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,010,000
4,000
84,000
39,000
57,000
805,000
20,000
133,000
*
18,000
7,000
9,000
96,000
3,000
197,000
S
15,000
8,000
14,000
154,000
5,000
152,000
1,000
14,000
5,000
9,000
121,000
2,000
158,000
2,000
10,000
7,000
9,000
127,000
3,000
136,000
S
11,000
6,000
7,000
110,000
2,000
98,000
S
7,000
4,000
4,000
81,000
2,000
72,000
S
5,000
1,000
2,000
61,000
3,000
65,000
S
5,000
S
3,000
56,000
1,000
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
53,000
S
4,000
2,000
3,000
43,000
2,000
6,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
4,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
1,000
4,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
S
S
9,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
45,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
35,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
*
*
6,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
S
S
9,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
1,000
6,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
174,000
1,000
11,000
6,000
13,000
135,000
7,000
23,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
17,000
1,000
34,000
S
1,000
1,000
3,000
25,000
S
20,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
17,000
S
26,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
22,000
S
21,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
S
19,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
15,000
S
14,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
10,000
1,000
16,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
12,000
S
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
229,000
S
37,000
11,000
13,000
165,000
3,000
33,000
S
7,000
2,000
2,000
21,000
1,000
45,000
S
9,000
2,000
3,000
30,000
S
36,000
S
6,000
1,000
3,000
25,000
S
39,000
S
5,000
3,000
3,000
29,000
S
31,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
24,000
S
20,000
S
4,000
1,000
S
14,000
S
14,000
S
1,000
S
S
13,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
S
S
9,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
60,000
S
3,000
4,000
5,000
47,000
1,000
7,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
5,000
S
15,000
S
S
1,000
2,000
11,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
1,000
8,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
188,000
S
12,000
5,000
10,000
159,000
2,000
26,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
20,000
1,000
37,000
S
2,000
1,000
3,000
31,000
S
36,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
31,000
1,000
24,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
20,000
S
23,000
S
2,000
S
S
20,000
S
16,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
14,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
S
S
10,000
S
15,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
13,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
*
4,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
255,000
1,000
12,000
10,000
10,000
218,000
4,000
29,000
S
3,000
2,000
1,000
21,000
1,000
48,000
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
43,000
S
39,000
S
2,000
1,000
3,000
33,000
S
37,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
32,000
1,000
41,000
S
3,000
3,000
2,000
32,000
S
28,000
S
S
S
S
26,000
S
18,000
S
1,000
S
S
16,000
S
15,000
S
S
S
S
14,000
S
2,956,000
14,000
248,000
186,000
158,000
2,285,000
64,000
374,000
2,000
23,000
26,000
22,000
287,000
13,000
595,000
3,000
39,000
37,000
36,000
461,000
19,000
469,000
3,000
42,000
35,000
22,000
356,000
11,000
421,000
S
34,000
31,000
31,000
317,000
8,000
414,000
S
42,000
27,000
21,000
318,000
5,000
324,000
S
32,000
15,000
17,000
255,000
5,000
208,000
S
21,000
10,000
4,000
170,000
1,000
152,000
S
16,000
6,000
7,000
121,000
2,000
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
1,829,000
7,000
173,000
132,000
93,000
1,378,000
46,000
248,000
2,000
12,000
19,000
14,000
191,000
10,000
379,000
S
23,000
28,000
20,000
294,000
13,000
297,000
2,000
28,000
24,000
13,000
219,000
10,000
253,000
S
25,000
23,000
14,000
187,000
5,000
264,000
S
32,000
21,000
13,000
195,000
3,000
198,000
S
25,000
10,000
11,000
147,000
4,000
106,000
S
15,000
4,000
2,000
83,000
S
84,000
S
12,000
4,000
5,000
62,000
S
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
219,000
S
12,000
9,000
6,000
188,000
3,000
9,000
S
S
*
1,000
7,000
S
29,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
23,000
S
39,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
30,000
S
40,000
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
34,000
S
39,000
S
2,000
S
S
35,000
S
29,000
S
S
2,000
S
26,000
S
20,000
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
16,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
357,000
3,000
51,000
S
77,000
S
50,000
S
44,000
S
35,000
S
36,000
S
39,000
S
25,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
7,000
23,000
27,000
292,000
5,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
40,000
1,000
S
4,000
7,000
61,000
3,000
S
4,000
2,000
43,000
S
S
3,000
7,000
33,000
S
S
2,000
3,000
27,000
S
S
S
3,000
31,000
S
S
2,000
S
35,000
S
S
S
S
23,000
S
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
401,000
2,000
42,000
17,000
23,000
309,000
8,000
55,000
S
7,000
2,000
3,000
41,000
2,000
80,000
S
10,000
3,000
5,000
60,000
2,000
61,000
S
6,000
4,000
4,000
46,000
1,000
62,000
S
5,000
3,000
5,000
47,000
S
58,000
S
5,000
3,000
3,000
46,000
S
43,000
S
4,000
1,000
S
36,000
S
27,000
S
3,000
S
S
22,000
S
14,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
10,000
S
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
149,000
S
14,000
5,000
9,000
118,000
2,000
11,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
7,000
S
30,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
23,000
S
23,000
S
1,000
S
S
18,000
S
22,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
16,000
S
19,000
S
2,000
S
S
15,000
S
18,000
S
S
S
1,000
15,000
S
15,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
12,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
4,747,000
22,000
347,000
324,000
292,000
3,681,000
82,000
640,000
5,000
50,000
61,000
59,000
447,000
17,000
775,000
4,000
53,000
62,000
62,000
577,000
18,000
663,000
3,000
52,000
50,000
52,000
488,000
17,000
636,000
3,000
48,000
43,000
37,000
498,000
7,000
599,000
4,000
47,000
43,000
40,000
458,000
6,000
621,000
1,000
36,000
36,000
22,000
516,000
9,000
450,000
S
35,000
21,000
8,000
381,000
4,000
363,000
S
25,000
8,000
11,000
316,000
3,000
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
160,000
S
6,000
6,000
16,000
128,000
3,000
18,000
S
S
1,000
2,000
14,000
S
25,000
S
S
S
3,000
20,000
S
33,000
S
2,000
S
S
22,000
S
20,000
S
S
S
S
18,000
S
12,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
28,000
S
S
S
S
25,000
S
14,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
793,000
5,000
70,000
58,000
47,000
599,000
14,000
89,000
S
9,000
8,000
9,000
60,000
2,000
149,000
S
14,000
10,000
10,000
109,000
4,000
110,000
S
12,000
12,000
7,000
78,000
S
109,000
S
7,000
7,000
7,000
85,000
S
112,000
S
11,000
6,000
6,000
87,000
2,000
101,000
S
4,000
9,000
4,000
81,000
3,000
71,000
S
8,000
4,000
S
58,000
S
52,000
S
5,000
2,000
S
41,000
S
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
456,000
S
19,000
21,000
21,000
390,000
3,000
6,000
S
S
*
S
3,000
S
43,000
S
2,000
5,000
5,000
32,000
S
64,000
S
5,000
3,000
4,000
51,000
S
86,000
S
3,000
5,000
4,000
74,000
S
76,000
S
2,000
4,000
4,000
66,000
S
82,000
S
3,000
S
2,000
74,000
S
53,000
S
S
3,000
S
48,000
S
45,000
S
S
S
1,000
42,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
26,000
S
2,000
2,000
9,000
S
S
*
5,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
3,000
19,000
S
1,000
6,000
S
S
4,000
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
304,000
1,000
11,000
29,000
31,000
225,000
6,000
54,000
1,000
2,000
5,000
7,000
38,000
2,000
45,000
S
2,000
7,000
7,000
29,000
S
47,000
S
S
3,000
8,000
30,000
S
43,000
S
S
2,000
3,000
36,000
S
40,000
S
S
5,000
4,000
28,000
S
36,000
S
S
2,000
S
30,000
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
15,000
S
21,000
S
S
2,000
S
19,000
S
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
980,000
3,000
71,000
40,000
39,000
812,000
16,000
113,000
S
10,000
7,000
8,000
84,000
2,000
172,000
S
15,000
3,000
8,000
142,000
4,000
127,000
S
7,000
7,000
5,000
103,000
S
125,000
S
13,000
5,000
4,000
101,000
S
109,000
S
6,000
8,000
5,000
88,000
S
121,000
S
7,000
4,000
4,000
104,000
S
117,000
S
5,000
5,000
2,000
104,000
S
96,000
S
6,000
S
S
86,000
S
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
240,000
3,000
8,000
42,000
24,000
158,000
5,000
69,000
S
3,000
13,000
8,000
42,000
1,000
57,000
S
S
10,000
5,000
39,000
S
33,000
S
S
7,000
4,000
20,000
S
25,000
S
S
3,000
2,000
20,000
S
18,000
S
S
4,000
3,000
10,000
S
18,000
S
S
2,000
1,000
12,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
1,789,000
7,000
160,000
126,000
110,000
1,350,000
35,000
282,000
1,000
24,000
26,000
22,000
200,000
9,000
277,000
S
17,000
24,000
24,000
203,000
7,000
245,000
S
23,000
16,000
19,000
180,000
5,000
226,000
S
23,000
20,000
16,000
163,000
4,000
231,000
S
25,000
16,000
15,000
170,000
2,000
234,000
S
18,000
16,000
7,000
189,000
4,000
163,000
S
18,000
6,000
3,000
134,000
3,000
130,000
S
12,000
2,000
3,000
112,000
S
4,979,000
20,000
525,000
292,000
217,000
3,856,000
70,000
1,123,000
4,000
158,000
89,000
66,000
784,000
21,000
1,015,000
3,000
128,000
68,000
46,000
749,000
22,000
760,000
4,000
87,000
41,000
35,000
587,000
5,000
625,000
2,000
54,000
31,000
30,000
503,000
6,000
528,000
S
37,000
24,000
18,000
442,000
6,000
475,000
4,000
29,000
26,000
14,000
396,000
5,000
298,000
S
23,000
10,000
5,000
256,000
4,000
155,000
S
9,000
4,000
3,000
138,000
1,000
1,424,000
3,000
287,000
50,000
52,000
1,011,000
20,000
362,000
1,000
101,000
16,000
19,000
219,000
7,000
301,000
S
76,000
15,000
12,000
193,000
5,000
231,000
S
50,000
7,000
9,000
161,000
3,000
175,000
S
25,000
4,000
4,000
139,000
2,000
132,000
S
12,000
3,000
3,000
112,000
1,000
103,000
S
10,000
3,000
2,000
87,000
2,000
79,000
S
10,000
1,000
1,000
67,000
S
40,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
33,000
1,000
974,000
3,000
207,000
39,000
32,000
252,000
1,000
73,000
12,000
13,000
212,000
S
58,000
12,000
6,000
164,000
S
40,000
5,000
6,000
116,000
S
17,000
4,000
2,000
90,000
S
7,000
3,000
2,000
67,000
S
6,000
2,000
1,000
51,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
21,000
S
1,000
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Other non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Master's degrees, all occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
679,000
15,000
148,000
5,000
131,000
4,000
112,000
2,000
91,000
2,000
78,000
1,000
57,000
1,000
44,000
S
18,000
S
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
98,000
S
13,000
2,000
4,000
77,000
1,000
32,000
S
6,000
1,000
1,000
23,000
1,000
18,000
S
3,000
S
S
15,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
9,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
S
S
10,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
13,000
S
2,000
*
S
10,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
63,000
S
10,000
1,000
4,000
47,000
1,000
22,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
S
12,000
S
2,000
S
S
10,000
S
10,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
7,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
1,000
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
578,000
1,000
170,000
25,000
17,000
357,000
9,000
140,000
*
57,000
8,000
7,000
65,000
2,000
142,000
S
50,000
8,000
4,000
77,000
2,000
108,000
S
35,000
3,000
3,000
66,000
1,000
69,000
S
15,000
2,000
1,000
49,000
2,000
47,000
S
6,000
2,000
1,000
38,000
S
37,000
S
5,000
1,000
S
31,000
S
27,000
S
3,000
S
S
23,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
515,000
1,000
163,000
20,000
14,000
127,000
S
54,000
7,000
7,000
127,000
S
49,000
6,000
3,000
99,000
S
33,000
3,000
3,000
63,000
S
15,000
2,000
1,000
41,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
31,000
S
4,000
1,000
S
22,000
S
3,000
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
309,000
9,000
58,000
2,000
67,000
2,000
58,000
1,000
44,000
S
33,000
S
26,000
S
18,000
S
5,000
S
25,000
S
4,000
2,000
1,000
19,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
3,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
38,000
S
4,000
3,000
2,000
29,000
S
7,000
S
2,000
*
*
4,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
83,000
S
10,000
2,000
3,000
67,000
1,000
20,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
14,000
*
15,000
S
3,000
S
S
11,000
S
13,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
11,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
S
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
25,000
S
7,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
3,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
27,000
S
S
S
1,000
25,000
1,000
5,000
S
S
S
*
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
12,000
S
2,000
*
*
4,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
10,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
10,000
S
S
S
1,000
8,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
215,000
1,000
13,000
10,000
8,000
179,000
3,000
60,000
S
7,000
2,000
3,000
46,000
2,000
37,000
S
2,000
4,000
2,000
29,000
1,000
32,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
25,000
S
25,000
S
S
S
S
23,000
S
25,000
S
S
S
S
24,000
S
17,000
S
S
1,000
S
14,000
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
12,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
17,000
S
2,000
1,000
S
14,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
30,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
24,000
1,000
10,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
7,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
100,000
S
3,000
5,000
5,000
86,000
1,000
25,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
20,000
S
19,000
S
S
2,000
S
15,000
1,000
14,000
S
S
S
1,000
12,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
10,000
S
13,000
S
S
S
S
13,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
8,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
7,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
56,000
S
6,000
2,000
1,000
45,000
S
16,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
13,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
10,000
S
2,000
S
S
6,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
450,000
S
81,000
11,000
20,000
332,000
5,000
110,000
S
28,000
4,000
6,000
71,000
1,000
89,000
S
18,000
3,000
6,000
61,000
1,000
66,000
S
11,000
2,000
3,000
50,000
1,000
59,000
S
8,000
1,000
2,000
48,000
S
42,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
34,000
S
36,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
30,000
1,000
28,000
S
5,000
S
S
23,000
S
19,000
S
2,000
S
S
15,000
*
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
37,000
S
2,000
S
2,000
31,000
1,000
7,000
S
S
S
*
6,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
21,000
S
6,000
S
*
14,000
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
68,000
S
11,000
2,000
4,000
50,000
1,000
15,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
10,000
S
13,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
10,000
S
9,000
S
2,000
S
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
*
S
S
7,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
118,000
S
32,000
3,000
4,000
77,000
2,000
27,000
S
10,000
2,000
1,000
13,000
1,000
26,000
S
8,000
1,000
2,000
15,000
S
20,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
15,000
S
17,000
S
5,000
S
S
12,000
S
11,000
S
2,000
S
S
9,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
23,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
16,000
S
8,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
5,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
74,000
S
12,000
1,000
2,000
58,000
1,000
23,000
S
5,000
*
1,000
16,000
S
14,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
10,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
S
S
10,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
7,000
S
*
S
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
*
6,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
102,000
S
13,000
3,000
5,000
80,000
*
22,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
16,000
S
19,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
S
13,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
10,000
S
18,000
S
1,000
S
S
15,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
9,000
S
2,000
S
S
7,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,228,000
4,000
88,000
68,000
45,000
1,008,000
15,000
325,000
1,000
22,000
24,000
16,000
256,000
6,000
259,000
S
21,000
12,000
7,000
216,000
2,000
179,000
S
14,000
12,000
8,000
143,000
1,000
159,000
S
13,000
8,000
7,000
129,000
2,000
127,000
S
9,000
6,000
3,000
106,000
2,000
97,000
S
5,000
3,000
3,000
84,000
1,000
56,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
50,000
S
27,000
S
2,000
S
S
23,000
S
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
599,000
3,000
40,000
34,000
22,000
494,000
7,000
177,000
S
12,000
12,000
7,000
142,000
4,000
141,000
S
3,000
8,000
4,000
125,000
S
82,000
S
7,000
6,000
4,000
65,000
S
74,000
S
6,000
5,000
5,000
57,000
S
58,000
S
5,000
3,000
S
47,000
S
41,000
S
2,000
S
S
37,000
S
18,000
S
2,000
S
S
15,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
135,000
S
11,000
3,000
5,000
114,000
2,000
19,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
14,000
S
27,000
S
3,000
S
S
23,000
S
28,000
S
3,000
1,000
2,000
22,000
S
21,000
S
2,000
S
S
18,000
S
18,000
S
1,000
S
S
16,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
11,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
341,000
S
7,000
25,000
13,000
291,000
5,000
104,000
S
3,000
10,000
5,000
84,000
2,000
57,000
S
2,000
3,000
1,000
50,000
S
49,000
S
1,000
4,000
2,000
42,000
S
37,000
S
S
2,000
1,000
33,000
S
33,000
S
S
2,000
S
29,000
S
32,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
28,000
S
19,000
S
S
1,000
S
17,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
89,000
S
17,000
S
23,000
S
10,000
S
16,000
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
25,000
3,000
3,000
58,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
S
11,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
S
3,000
S
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
13,000
S
2,000
S
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
62,000
S
5,000
2,000
3,000
52,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
11,000
S
2,000
S
S
8,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
10,000
S
S
S
S
9,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
2,328,000
13,000
150,000
175,000
120,000
1,836,000
34,000
436,000
2,000
35,000
50,000
31,000
310,000
8,000
456,000
2,000
31,000
41,000
26,000
340,000
15,000
350,000
3,000
22,000
22,000
18,000
283,000
2,000
292,000
S
16,000
19,000
19,000
235,000
3,000
269,000
S
16,000
14,000
13,000
224,000
2,000
275,000
4,000
14,000
20,000
9,000
225,000
2,000
162,000
S
10,000
7,000
2,000
139,000
3,000
89,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
82,000
S
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
74,000
S
2,000
3,000
3,000
65,000
S
7,000
S
S
*
1,000
6,000
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
16,000
S
S
S
S
14,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
5,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
457,000
5,000
50,000
36,000
22,000
337,000
7,000
73,000
S
12,000
6,000
6,000
48,000
1,000
92,000
S
11,000
10,000
5,000
63,000
3,000
68,000
S
6,000
7,000
3,000
51,000
S
63,000
S
6,000
5,000
6,000
46,000
S
53,000
S
7,000
S
S
43,000
S
57,000
S
5,000
6,000
S
42,000
S
31,000
S
3,000
S
S
25,000
S
21,000
S
S
S
S
21,000
S
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
362,000
2,000
18,000
21,000
14,000
303,000
5,000
44,000
S
4,000
5,000
2,000
30,000
S
61,000
S
3,000
6,000
2,000
48,000
S
64,000
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
55,000
S
53,000
S
3,000
2,000
2,000
45,000
S
52,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
47,000
S
52,000
S
3,000
3,000
1,000
45,000
S
21,000
S
S
1,000
S
18,000
S
15,000
S
S
S
S
15,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
63,000
S
3,000
4,000
5,000
49,000
1,000
21,000
S
1,000
1,000
4,000
14,000
S
11,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
9,000
S
S
S
S
8,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
283,000
S
8,000
28,000
73,000
S
3,000
10,000
52,000
S
1,000
5,000
37,000
S
S
S
34,000
S
S
5,000
32,000
S
1,000
3,000
33,000
S
S
4,000
17,000
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
14,000
229,000
3,000
7,000
52,000
2,000
2,000
43,000
S
S
34,000
S
S
27,000
S
S
25,000
S
S
28,000
S
S
16,000
S
S
4,000
S
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
304,000
S
27,000
12,000
16,000
239,000
8,000
42,000
S
4,000
5,000
2,000
31,000
S
66,000
S
6,000
3,000
4,000
46,000
S
40,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
30,000
S
30,000
S
2,000
S
3,000
23,000
S
38,000
S
3,000
S
3,000
31,000
S
42,000
S
S
S
S
38,000
S
28,000
S
2,000
S
S
24,000
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
16,000
S
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
353,000
2,000
9,000
39,000
24,000
272,000
6,000
94,000
S
4,000
17,000
7,000
64,000
2,000
81,000
S
2,000
7,000
6,000
62,000
2,000
53,000
S
1,000
4,000
5,000
42,000
S
41,000
S
S
4,000
2,000
33,000
S
32,000
S
S
3,000
3,000
26,000
S
29,000
S
S
3,000
1,000
25,000
S
15,000
S
S
S
S
14,000
S
8,000
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
Other non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
432,000
S
33,000
31,000
21,000
342,000
4,000
80,000
S
7,000
5,000
3,000
65,000
*
76,000
S
7,000
10,000
5,000
54,000
S
65,000
S
6,000
4,000
3,000
51,000
S
56,000
S
3,000
1,000
4,000
47,000
S
53,000
S
2,000
5,000
2,000
44,000
S
46,000
S
3,000
4,000
3,000
35,000
S
41,000
S
3,000
S
S
35,000
S
15,000
S
2,000
S
S
12,000
S
885,000
1,000
148,000
33,000
30,000
664,000
10,000
167,000
*
36,000
10,000
8,000
111,000
2,000
168,000
*
39,000
6,000
7,000
114,000
2,000
133,000
*
27,000
5,000
5,000
94,000
1,000
109,000
*
17,000
3,000
3,000
84,000
1,000
108,000
S
12,000
4,000
3,000
88,000
1,000
81,000
S
8,000
2,000
2,000
68,000
1,000
76,000
S
6,000
1,000
2,000
67,000
1,000
42,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
37,000
*
558,000
1,000
112,000
17,000
17,000
405,000
6,000
115,000
*
30,000
7,000
5,000
72,000
1,000
111,000
*
31,000
3,000
5,000
70,000
2,000
86,000
S
19,000
2,000
3,000
61,000
1,000
68,000
*
12,000
2,000
2,000
52,000
1,000
60,000
S
8,000
1,000
1,000
48,000
1,000
50,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
42,000
1,000
41,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
36,000
*
26,000
S
2,000
*
*
24,000
*
465,000
1,000
83,000
16,000
14,000
346,000
5,000
95,000
*
23,000
7,000
4,000
61,000
1,000
90,000
*
23,000
3,000
4,000
59,000
1,000
72,000
S
15,000
2,000
2,000
52,000
1,000
58,000
*
9,000
2,000
1,000
45,000
*
52,000
S
6,000
1,000
1,000
44,000
1,000
42,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
37,000
*
33,000
S
2,000
*
*
30,000
*
21,000
S
1,000
*
*
19,000
*
148,000
*
34,000
4,000
5,000
33,000
S
10,000
2,000
2,000
31,000
S
10,000
1,000
2,000
25,000
S
6,000
1,000
1,000
19,000
S
4,000
*
*
15,000
S
2,000
*
*
11,000
S
1,000
*
*
9,000
S
1,000
S
*
5,000
S
*
*
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Doctorate degrees, all occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
103,000
2,000
20,000
*
18,000
*
17,000
*
14,000
S
12,000
*
9,000
S
8,000
S
5,000
S
Agricultural/food scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
7,000
*
1,000
S
*
*
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
*
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
*
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Biological/medical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
103,000
*
30,000
2,000
4,000
66,000
1,000
29,000
S
9,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
*
23,000
S
9,000
*
1,000
12,000
*
17,000
S
6,000
*
*
10,000
*
12,000
S
3,000
*
*
8,000
S
9,000
S
2,000
S
*
7,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
*
5,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
Environmental life scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
34,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
29,000
1,000
3,000
S
*
*
*
2,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
*
*
5,000
*
6,000
S
*
*
*
5,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
*
4,000
S
4,000
S
*
*
S
4,000
S
4,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
86,000
S
23,000
4,000
2,000
56,000
1,000
20,000
S
6,000
3,000
*
10,000
*
18,000
S
7,000
1,000
*
10,000
*
13,000
S
4,000
*
*
8,000
S
11,000
S
3,000
*
*
7,000
*
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
7,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
*
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
Computer/information scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
43,000
S
14,000
1,000
1,000
26,000
*
9,000
S
4,000
1,000
*
4,000
*
11,000
S
5,000
*
*
5,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
*
4,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
11,000
S
3,000
*
*
3,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
1,000
S
*
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-life/
related sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Computer/mathematical scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
7,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
33,000
S
6,000
3,000
1,000
23,000
*
8,000
S
1,000
2,000
*
4,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
*
4,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
91,000
*
17,000
1,000
2,000
69,000
1,000
16,000
S
4,000
1,000
*
11,000
*
16,000
S
4,000
*
*
12,000
*
14,000
S
3,000
*
*
10,000
*
11,000
S
2,000
*
*
9,000
S
10,000
S
2,000
*
*
8,000
*
8,000
S
1,000
*
*
7,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
S
Chemists, except biochemists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
30,000
S
8,000
1,000
1,000
20,000
*
6,000
S
2,000
*
*
4,000
*
6,000
S
2,000
*
*
3,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
*
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
10,000
S
2,000
*
*
8,000
*
2,000
S
1,000
S
*
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Physicists/astronomers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
17,000
S
3,000
*
*
13,000
*
4,000
S
1,000
S
*
3,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
30,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
25,000
*
4,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
*
5,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
4,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
4,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
Other physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-computer/
mathematical sciences
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Physical/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-physical/
related sciences
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
3,000
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
*
S
140,000
*
8,000
6,000
5,000
118,000
2,000
26,000
*
2,000
2,000
1,000
20,000
*
25,000
*
2,000
1,000
1,000
19,000
1,000
21,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
17,000
*
17,000
S
1,000
*
*
15,000
*
19,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
16,000
*
17,000
S
*
1,000
*
15,000
*
11,000
S
*
*
*
10,000
*
5,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
Economists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
7,000
*
2,000
S
*
*
*
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
*
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Political/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
2,000
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
64,000
*
5,000
3,000
2,000
52,000
1,000
12,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
9,000
*
11,000
*
1,000
1,000
1,000
8,000
1,000
9,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
7,000
S
7,000
S
1,000
*
*
6,000
*
8,000
S
1,000
*
*
7,000
S
8,000
S
*
*
S
7,000
S
6,000
S
*
*
S
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
Psychologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
55,000
*
1,000
2,000
2,000
49,000
1,000
9,000
S
*
1,000
*
7,000
*
9,000
S
*
*
1,000
7,000
*
9,000
S
*
*
*
9,000
*
8,000
S
*
*
*
7,000
*
8,000
S
*
*
*
7,000
*
6,000
S
S
*
S
6,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Sociologists/anthropologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
5,000
S
*
*
*
5,000
*
2,000
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Other social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
6,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
1,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
*
*
*
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Social/related scientists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Postsecondary teachers-social/
related sciences
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
5,000
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
93,000
S
29,000
2,000
3,000
59,000
1,000
19,000
S
7,000
*
1,000
11,000
*
21,000
S
8,000
*
1,000
12,000
*
14,000
S
5,000
*
*
8,000
S
10,000
S
3,000
*
*
7,000
S
7,000
S
2,000
*
*
5,000
*
8,000
S
2,000
*
*
6,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
S
S
7,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
5,000
S
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
5,000
S
1,000
S
S
4,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Chemical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
9,000
S
3,000
*
1,000
5,000
S
2,000
S
*
*
*
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
5,000
S
2,000
S
*
3,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
21,000
S
9,000
*
*
11,000
*
5,000
S
2,000
*
*
2,000
S
6,000
S
3,000
*
*
2,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Industrial engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Mechanical engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
10,000
S
4,000
*
*
5,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
White
Other
Engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Electrical/computer hardware engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
Postsecondary teachers-engineering
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
20,000
S
4,000
1,000
1,000
14,000
*
3,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
*
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
Other engineers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
22,000
S
7,000
*
1,000
14,000
*
5,000
S
2,000
*
*
3,000
S
6,000
S
2,000
S
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
*
2,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
105,000
*
14,000
4,000
4,000
82,000
1,000
20,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
15,000
*
18,000
S
3,000
1,000
*
13,000
*
16,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
11,000
*
14,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
11,000
*
17,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
15,000
S
8,000
S
1,000
*
*
7,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
*
S
8,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
Health-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
57,000
*
7,000
2,000
3,000
44,000
1,000
14,000
S
1,000
*
1,000
12,000
*
8,000
S
2,000
*
*
6,000
*
8,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
5,000
*
7,000
S
1,000
*
*
6,000
S
9,000
S
*
S
1,000
7,000
S
4,000
S
*
*
*
3,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
26,000
S
3,000
1,000
1,000
21,000
*
1,000
S
*
*
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
*
S
3,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
*
4,000
*
4,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S&E precollege teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
12,000
S
*
1,000
*
10,000
S
2,000
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
S&E technicians/technologists
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
8,000
S
3,000
S
S
5,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
*
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
Other S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
S&E-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
*
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
222,000
*
22,000
12,000
9,000
177,000
2,000
33,000
*
4,000
3,000
2,000
24,000
1,000
39,000
S
4,000
2,000
2,000
31,000
*
32,000
S
4,000
2,000
2,000
23,000
*
28,000
S
4,000
1,000
2,000
21,000
*
32,000
S
3,000
3,000
1,000
25,000
*
22,000
S
2,000
1,000
*
19,000
*
26,000
S
2,000
*
1,000
23,000
S
11,000
S
*
S
S
10,000
S
Art/humanities/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
10,000
S
1,000
*
*
8,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Management-related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
31,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
24,000
*
6,000
S
*
*
*
5,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
*
*
4,000
S
4,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
4,000
S
*
S
S
4,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
*
*
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Non-S&E managers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
74,000
S
6,000
4,000
2,000
63,000
*
6,000
S
*
*
*
4,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
*
*
9,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
9,000
*
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
8,000
S
15,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
12,000
S
11,000
S
1,000
1,000
*
9,000
S
9,000
S
1,000
*
*
8,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
3,000
S
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
46,000
S
4,000
3,000
2,000
36,000
1,000
11,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
7,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
10,000
S
5,000
S
1,000
*
*
3,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
*
*
5,000
S
5,000
S
S
*
*
5,000
S
3,000
S
S
*
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
8,000
S
*
*
1,000
6,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Sales/marketing occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
18,000
S
3,000
*
4,000
S
*
S
2,000
S
*
S
1,000
S
*
S
3,000
S
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
3,000
S
*
S
3,000
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
S
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Years since highest degree
TABLE 20. Employed U.S. scientists and engineers, by level of highest degree, occupation, race/ethnicity, and years since highest degree: 2003
Level of highest degree, occupation, and race/ethnicitya
Hispanic
White
Other
Social services/related occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
Other non-S&E occupations
American Indian/Alaska Native
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Other
* = estimate < 500; S = suppressed for reliability or confidentiality.
Employed
scientists
and
engineers
<5 years
5–9 years
10–14
years
15–19
years
20–24
years
25–29
years
30–34
years
35+
years
*
14,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
3,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
2,000
S
12,000
S
1,000
2,000
1,000
8,000
*
2,000
S
*
1,000
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
S
1,000
S
2,000
S
4,000
S
S
1,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
*
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
*
S
S
S
S
*
S
23,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
17,000
1,000
2,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
*
*
*
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
*
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
*
S
S
2,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
2,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
4,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
2,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
Years since highest degree
S&E = science and engineering.
a
b
"Other" includes Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander and non-Hispanic respondents reporting 2 or more races.
Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include any person who has ever received a bachelor's or higher degree in a science or engineering (S&E) or S&Erelated field, plus any person holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who was employed in a S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. See
http://sestat.nsf.gov/docs/occ03maj.html for a detailed description of the occupational classification. Numbers are rounded to the nearest thousand.
Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/Division of Science Resources Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT): 2003.