The Basics of Open Access and Scholarly Communication Issues
Nancy Allen
Dean and Director, Penrose Library
February 12, 2010
Percent change for ARL library expenditures
350.00%
300.00%
250.00%
% Change for Serials Expenditures
p
200.00%
% Change for Monographic Expenditures
150.00%
100.00%
% Change for the CPI (through 2004)
50.00%
20
006
20
005
20
004
20
003
20
002
20
001
20
000
19
999
19
998
19
997
19
996
19
995
19
994
19
993
19
992
19
991
19
990
19
989
19
988
19
987
19
986
0.00%
Derived from http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/monser06.pdf and http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/monser04.pdf
An Unsustainable Model?
An Unsustainable Model?
• Skyrocketing journal costs
Skyrocketing journal costs
– Decreased buying power for libraries
• Fewer subscriptions
Fewer subscriptions
• Fewer monographs
• University pays twice in time and money
University pays twice in time and money
– To create scholarship
• Authors
• Editors
• Peer reviewers
– To purchase content
The Economy of Scholarship
The Economy of Scholarship
• Fewer
Fewer journals in future journals in future
– Harder to publish articles
– Fewer readers
d
– Fewer citations
– Fewer resources for students
• Loss of revenue for societies
Loss of revenue for societies
• Harder to publish monographs
A Solution
A Solution
Open Access Publishing
Open Access Publishing Reasons to think about Open Access
• Open
Open access journals have the potential to access journals have the potential to
shift scholarly communication toward a more sustainable economic model
sustainable economic model
• Open access strategies for publishing remove the barrier of library subscriptions/licenses
the barrier of library subscriptions/licenses
– Global access to scholarly publications
– Public access to scholarship
P bli
h l hi
OA: Implications for Scholarship
OA: Implications for Scholarship
• Supports
Supports tenure and promotion
tenure and promotion
• Enhances the reputations of authors, journals, and publishers
and publishers
• Over 4,300 OA journals provide peer review
• Supported by many business models
S
t db
b i
d l
• Increases visibility and discoverability of scholarly workk
• Impact factors are strong*
Open Access Impact Bibliography: http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
Models of Publishing
Models of Publishing
• Traditional
Peer review
Impact factors
Indexed
University pays for research
h
– University library pays for subscription
for subscription
–
–
–
–
• With OA
With OA
–
–
–
–
Peer review
Impact factors
Indexed
Varied cost recovery models
d l
• Many non‐profit cost models
• Free access by readers
OA Models
OA Models “OA is a kind of access, not a kind of business model, license, or ,
,
,
content.”* All are freely available to the reader. 1. Provided by the publisher of the journal.
–
–
–
–
Freely available (Services/server space is donated) or
Author/university/grant pays a fee or
/
/
Institutional contribution model or
Partial OA (Some articles freely available)
Partial OA (Some articles freely available) * Peter Suber, http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm
OA Models
OA Models 2. Self
Self‐Archive
Archive model
model
–
–
–
–
Depends upon the rights given to the author from the publisher of the article
Institutional Repository (Digital Library @ PEAK)
Departmental website
Subject repository (PubMed Central)
bj
i
( b d
l)
Commitment to Peer Review
Commitment to Peer Review
“The goal [of Open Access] is to remove access The goal [of Open Access] is to remove access
barriers, not quality filters.”*
Over 4 300 OA journals are peer reviewed
• Over 4,300 OA journals are peer reviewed. • Peer review is not connected to the method of publication.
• OA is not vanity publishing
– 67% of OA journals charge no fees.
j
g
– 83% of society OA journals charge no fees.
* Peter Suber, http://www.arl.org/sparc/publications/articles/openaccess_fieldguide.shtml
Peter Suber http://www arl org/sparc/publications/articles/openaccess fieldguide shtml
Scholarly and Citation Impact
Scholarly and Citation Impact
“There
There appears to be a clear citation advantage appears to be a clear citation advantage
for those articles that are OA as opposed to” those that are not openly accessible *
those that are not openly accessible.
• OA journals often have high impact factors.**
* Michael Norris, et al., 2008, The Citation Advantage of Open‐Access Articles, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 59(12):1963‐1972
American Society for Information Science and Technology
59(12):1963 1972
** http://science.thomsonreuters.com/m/pdfs/openaccesscitations2.pdf (2004)
Who allows for reuse of articles?
Who allows for reuse of articles?
• Over
Over 60% of publishers 60% of publishers
allow for some form of preprint or postprint
preprint or postprint deposit into an open access repository for
access repository for open searching.*
• Over 90% of journals Over 90% of journals
allow this.
* http://romeo.eprints.org/stats.php
Post Publishing Options for OA
Post Publishing Options for OA
• Addenda
Addenda for articles
for articles
– Author Rights: Using the SPARC Author Addendum to secure your rights as the author of a y
g
journal article
• http://www.arl.org/sparc/author/addendum.shtml
– Scholar's Copyright Addendum Engine
• http://scholars.sciencecommons.org/
Post Publishing Options for OA
Post Publishing Options for OA
• For
For licensing non
licensing non‐article
article work, such as presentations, work, such as presentations,
poster papers, etc.
–
–
–
–
Creative Commons | Share, Remix, Reuse — Legally
http://creativecommons.org/
This is a commonly used CC license
Attribution required, non‐commercial, share‐alike license
Funder Mandates
Funder Mandates
• NIH Public Access Policy
NIH Public Access Policy
– http://publicaccess.nih.gov/FAQ.htm
• Open Government Initiative
Open Government Initiative
– http://www.whitehouse.gov/open
Indexing and Findability
Indexing and Findability
• Most
Most OA articles can be found through Google OA articles can be found through Google
Scholar or Google.
• Many OA journals are indexed in databases Many OA journals are indexed in databases
such as the Web of Science and Academic Search Complete
Search Complete.
Archiving in Peak Digital is Easy
Archiving in Peak Digital is Easy
• Self‐archiving
Self archiving takes about 10 minutes per paper.
takes about 10 minutes per paper.*
• Penrose Library provides storage, services, and trainingg
• Contact the library for more information on Peak Digital.
g
• We can help you.
* Harned, http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10688/
Acting on policy
Acting on policy
• More
More scholars are scholars are
advocating for open access to scholarly literature through policies encouraging open access publishing
bli hi
• Harvard
Harvard Law, Arts & Law, Arts &
Sciences, Kennedy School, Education
• Stanford
• MIT
• Oberlin
• Boston Universityy
• University of Kansas
List of Resources
List of Resources
• Directory of Open Access Journals
y
p
– http://www.doaj.org/
• OA by the numbers
– http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/OA_by_the_numbers
• Sherpa Romeo (Publisher Self‐Archive Policies)
– http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
//
/
/
• Open Access Impact Bibliography
– http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation‐biblio.html
http://opcit eprints org/oacitation biblio html
• “Assessing the Future Landscape of Scholarly Communication”
– http://escholarship.org/uc/item/15x7385g
– January 2010, Center for Studies in Higher Education.