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Project Objectives
• Model Fate and Transport of
Microcontaminants in AWT Effluent
• Evaluate Advanced Wastewater
Treatment through Pilot Testing
• Determine AWT Effluent Toxicity
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Chronic
Acute
Reuse Also Means Environmental
Stewardship
Project Addresses Microcontaminant Concerns Related
to Human Health and Environmental Impact
Ethynyl estradiol
Bisphenol-a
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Triclosan
surfactants
DEET
“They're in the Water... They
Make Fish Change Sex...
Endocrine Disruptors-What are
they doing to you?”
Fate and Transport of
Microcontaminants is Being Modeled
Simulated Injection
of Microconstituents
Photolysis
of Organics
Biodegradation
of Organics
Sorption
of Organics
AWT Facility
Aquatic Organism Impacts
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Trace Organic
Concentrations
Estimated at
Extraction Wells
Microcontaminants are Being Tracked
Through Two AWT Configurations
Primary
Clarification
MBR
Sampling locations of MBR train:
Primary
Clarification
Tertiary
Clarification
MBR
effluent
Denitrification
Filter
UV
RO
RO
brine
Aeration Basin
Sampling locations of UF train:
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Second
Clarification
Aeration Basin
UF
RO
effluent
Second
Clarification
RO
UF
RO
RO
effluent brine effluent
UV
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Microcontaminants in RO effluent are below detection limits!
Tris (2-chloroethyl)
Tris (2-butoxyethyl)
Triphenylphosphate
Trimethoprim
Triclosan
Triclosan
Testosterone
TDCPP
Progesterone
Phenol
Methyl Parathion
Iopromide
Ibuprofen
Fluoxetine
Ethinyl Estradiol -17
Estradiol
Estrone
Dieldrin
Diazinon
DEET
Chlorpyrifos
Carbaryl
Carbamazepine
Caffeine
Caffeine
Bisphenol A (BPA)
Alpha Chlordane
Acetaminophen
4-Nonyl Phenol
250
4-Methylphenol
2,6-di-tert-
Microcontaminants (ng/L)
Preliminary Results for AWT Removal of
Microcontaminants Show Promise
300
RO effluent
RO brine
200
150
100
50
0
Microcontaminant Concentrations and
Effluent Toxicity are Being Correlated
to Aquatic Organism Impact
• Hormonal Response Through Tissue Bioassays
• Acute Fish Toxicity
• Acute Water Flea Toxicity
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Results of
Hormonal Response Through
Tissue Bioassays (E-Screen)
Estradiol
Equivalents (ng/l)
0.2
0.1
0
MBR effluent
RO effluent
blank
RO effluent didn’t produce a significant response in MCF-7
cells, a breast cancer cell line that proliferates in response to
estrogenic activity.
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Results of Pilot AWT Effluent
Toxicity Tests - test organisms
waterflea,
Ceriodaphnia dubia
fathead minnow,
Pimephales promelas
http://www.state.sd.us/DENR/DES/Surfacewater/cerdaph.gif
EPA 821-R-02-013
Test Method 1002.0
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EPA 821-R-02-013
Test Method 1000.0
MBR effluent shows minimal acute
toxicity
100
Survival (%)
80
60
P. promelas on 10/29/07
P. promelas on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)
P. promelas on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)
40
C. dubia on 10/29/07
C. dubia on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)
C. dubia on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)
20
0
100%
75%
25%
12.5%
6.25%
0% (control)
MBR effluent concentrations relative to organism media
No significant survival differences were observed on all test days, except
for C. Dubia in 100% MBR effluent without de-chlorination on 10/29/07.
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RO effluent increases organism
sensitivity to chlorine
100
Survival (%)
80
60
40
20
P. promelas on 10/29/07
P. promelas on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)
P. promelas on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)
C. dubia on 10/29/07
C. dubia on 11/26/07 (dechlorinated)
C. Dubia on 1/14/08 (no chloramine added)
0
100%
75%
25%
12.5%
6.25%
0% (control)
RO effluent concentrations
De-chlorination on 11/27/07 significantly increased the survival of P.
Promelas and C. Dubia. No significant survival differences were observed in
P. Promelas or C. Dubia after complete removal of chloramine on 1/14/08.
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Summary
• The developed fate and transport model
may be a valuable tool to track
microcontaminants in wastewater
effluents
• Reverse osmosis treatment shows promise
for microcontaminant removal
• Chlorine residual plays significant role in
AWT effluent acute toxicity to indicator
organisms.
• Non-chlorinated AWT effluents show no
signs of acute toxicity.
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Project Team
Microcontaminant Research and Project
Management South Florida Water Management District and
Carollo Engineers
Pilot Plant Design, Operation, and Sampling City of Plantation and Hazen and Sawyer
Laboratory Work Univ. of Florida at Gainesville (hormonal
bioassays and toxicity), University of Wisconsin
(hormonal bioassays), Montgomery-Watson
Harza (trace organics), Golder (toxicity), Carollo
(particle analysis)
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Project Team
Microcontaminant Fate and Transport Modeling DHI Water and Environment
Expert Advisory Panel Dr. Jorg Drewes, Membrane Treatment Processes
Dr. Shane Snyder, Water Quality and Toxicology
Dr. Erin Snyder, Toxicology
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End of Presentation
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