1
Technical information:
(202) 691-5870
http://www.bls.gov/jlt/
Media contact:
USDL 07-0373
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Tuesday, March 13, 2007
691-5902
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER: JANUARY 2007
The job openings, hires, and total separations rates were unchanged in January, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Despite little month-to-month change in the hires
and separations rates, there continues to be considerable churning in the labor market with large numbers of
hires and separations every month. This release includes monthly estimates of the number and rate of job
openings, hires, and separations for the total nonfarm sector by industry and geographic region. This release
Chart 1. Job openings rate, seasonally adjusted,
Percent
February 2004 - January 2007
Chart 2. Hires and separations rates, seasonally adjusted,
Percent
February 2004 - January 2007
3.9
3.9
Hires
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.1
3.3
2.9
2.7
Separations
3.1
2.5
2.3
2.9
2.1
1.9
2.7
1.7
2.5
1.5
2005
2006
2007
2005
2006
2007
also includes annual estimates for hires and separations. The annual hires rate rose slightly in 2006 while the
turnover, or separations, rate held steady.
Job Openings
On the last business day of January 2007, there were 4.4 million job openings in the United States, and
the job openings rate was 3.1 percent. The job openings rate was little changed during the first half of 2006
but trended upward in the latter part of the year. At 3.1 percent for December and January, the job openings rate was the highest since February 2001. In January, the job openings rate rose in construction but fell
Revisions to the JOLTS Data
The job openings, hires, and separations data in this release have been revised to incorporate
annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the Job Openings
and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) seasonal adjustment factors. See page 5 for more information.
2
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Job openings
Industry
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Hires
Jan. p
2007
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Jan. p
2007
Total separations
Jan.
Jan.
Dec.
2006
2006
2007 p
Levels (in thousands)
1
Total .................................................................... 3,950
1
Total private ..................................................... 3,538
Construction ................................................ 121
Manufacturing ............................................. 312
2
Trade, transportation, and utilities .......... 647
Retail trade ............................................... 411
Professional and business services ........ 763
Education and health services ................. 621
3
Leisure and hospitality .............................. 517
Accommodations and food services .. 453
4
Government ...................................................... 410
State and local government .................. 373
....................................................................
Total 1 ....................................................................
Total private 1.....................................................
Construction ................................................
Manufacturing .............................................
2
Trade, transportation, and utilities ..........
Retail trade ...............................................
Professional and business services ........
Education and health services .................
Leisure and hospitality 3..............................
Accommodations and food services ..
4
Government ......................................................
State and local government. .................
2.8
3.0
1.6
2.2
2.4
2.6
4.2
3.4
3.8
3.9
1.8
1.9
4,401
3,928
107
362
767
471
745
734
612
538
473
427
4,372
3,892
164
353
746
419
764
732
550
485
476
435
3.1
3.3
1.4
2.5
2.8
3.0
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.5
2.1
2.2
3.1
3.3
2.1
2.4
2.8
2.7
4.1
3.9
3.9
4.1
2.1
2.2
4,876
4,959 4,984
4,546
4,662 4,637
422
341
286
374
375
376
1,161
990
992
828
699
733
916
963
962
435
515
508
792
969
983
687
793
849
359
371
382
311
313
318
Rates (percent)
3.6
4.0
5.5
2.6
4.4
5.4
5.3
2.5
6.1
6.2
1.6
1.6
3.6
4.1
4.4
2.7
3.8
4.6
5.4
2.8
7.2
6.9
1.7
1.6
3.6
4.0
3.7
2.7
3.8
4.8
5.4
2.8
7.3
7.4
1.7
1.6
4,478
4,180
366
356
955
682
831
372
897
792
297
249
4,540
4,253
387
372
962
707
851
430
835
757
283
255
4,549
4,242
403
401
969
672
872
416
772
623
310
257
3.3
3.7
4.8
2.5
3.6
4.4
4.8
2.1
6.9
7.2
1.4
1.3
3.3
3.7
5.0
2.6
3.7
4.6
4.8
2.4
6.2
6.6
1.3
1.3
3.3
3.7
5.2
2.8
3.7
4.4
4.9
2.3
5.8
5.5
1.4
1.3
1
Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
3
Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
4
Includes federal government, not shown separately.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates
and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
2
in retail trade, leisure and hospitality, and accommodations and food services. Geographically, the job
openings rate increased in the West and decreased in the Northeast over the month. The seasonally adjusted job openings rate was highest in January for the following industries: professional and business services and accommodations and food services (4.1 percent each) and education and health services
(3.9 percent). (See table 1.)
For the year ending in January 2007, the job openings rate increased in nearly half the industries and
decreased only in finance and insurance and in real estate and rental and leasing. The job openings rate rose
over the year in the Midwest and West regions. (See table 5.)
Hires
The hires rate was unchanged at 3.6 percent, and the number of hires held steady at 5.0 million in
January. Hires are any additions to the payroll during the month. In January, the hires rate did not change
3
significantly in any industry or region. The seasonally adjusted hires rate was highest in January for the
accommodations and food services industry (7.4 percent). (See table 2.)
From January 2006 to January 2007, the hires rate rose in wholesale trade; information; healthcare and
social assistance; accommodations and food services; and federal government. The rate declined in construction and in transportation, warehousing, and utilities. Regionally, the hires rate changed over the year
only in the Midwest, where it rose. (See table 6.)
Separations
The total separations, or turnover, rate was unchanged at 3.3 percent and the number of separations held
steady at 4.5 million in January. Separations are terminations of employment that occur at any time during
the month. In January, the total separations rate increased in government but decreased in accommodations
and food services. Geographically, there were no significant movements in the separations rate over the
month. From January 2006 to January 2007, the total separations rate rose in durable goods and in arts,
entertainment, and recreation but fell in accommodations and food services. The separations rate did not
change significantly in any region over the year. (See tables 3 and 7.)
Total separations include quits (voluntary separations), layoffs and discharges (involuntary separations),
and other separations (including retirements). The quits rate, which can serve as a barometer of workers’
ability to change jobs, was essentially unchanged at 1.9 percent in January. Over the month, the only industry to experience a change in the quits rate was accommodations and food services, in which the rate declined. None of the regions experienced a significant change in the quits rate. In January, the seasonally
adjusted quits rate was highest in the accommodations and food services industry (4.2 percent), which also
had the highest hires rate. (See table 4.)
From January 2006 to January 2007, the quits rate rose in durable goods manufacturing; nondurable
goods manufacturing; and professional and business services. The rate declined in accommodations and food
services. The quits rate did not change significantly in any region over the year. (See table 8.)
The other two components of total separations—layoffs and discharges, and other separations—are not
seasonally adjusted. From January 2006 to January 2007, the layoffs and discharges rate (1.2 percent) was
unchanged, and the level (1.7 million) was little changed. The construction industry had the highest layoffs
and discharges rate (4.3 percent). From January 2006 to January 2007, the other separations rate (0.3 percent) was unchanged, and the level (389,000) was little changed. (See tables 9 and 10.)
Flows in the Labor Market
Hires and separations data help show dynamic flows in the labor market. Over the last 12 months, hires
have averaged 5.0 million per month and separations have averaged 4.6 million per month (not seasonally
adjusted). The comparable figures for the prior 12-month period were 4.8 million hires and 4.5 million
separations. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.)
Several industries have high rates of both hires and separations. These include construction; retail trade;
professional and business services; arts, entertainment, and recreation; and accommodations and food services. In the last 12 months, these five industries produced 35.1 million hires and 32.9 million separations.
Thus, these five industries accounted for 59 percent of total nonfarm hires and 59 percent of total nonfarm
separations, while comprising only 39 percent of total nonfarm employment.
4
Annual Levels and Rates
This release contains the 2006 annual rates and levels for hires, total separations, quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. (See tables 11 through 20.) Annual figures for job openings are not calculated because job openings are measured on a stock, or point-in-time, basis rather than on a flow basis
over a specified time period. The annual figures and additional tables are published with the release of
January data each year. (See the Technical Note for additional information on these measures.)
Calculating annual levels and rates allows additional comparisons across years. Annual hires rose for
the third year in a row, reaching 59.4 million (43.6 percent) in 2006 after weaker hiring in 2002 and 2003.
Total separations remained flat in 2006 at 55.4 million (40.7 percent) after rising in the prior 2 years. Quits
increased for the third year in a row, reaching 32.3 million (23.7 percent) in 2006. In contrast, layoffs and
discharges fell to 18.9 million (13.9 percent) after staying relatively flat over the past several years. Other
separations rose sharply to 4.2 million (3.1 percent) in 2006 after little change from 2001 through 2005.
For More Information
For additional information, please read the Technical Note or visit the JOLTS Web site at http://www.
bls.gov/jlt/. Additional information about JOLTS also may be obtained by e-mailing [email protected] or by
calling (202) 691-5870.
______________________________
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover release for February 2007 is scheduled to be issued on Tuesday,
April 10.
5
Revisions to Job Openings and Labor Turnover Data
In accordance with annual practice, the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) data have
been revised to reflect annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment survey,
employment estimates. The JOLTS employment levels (not published) are ratio-adjusted to the CES employment levels, and the resulting ratios are applied to all JOLTS data elements. This annual benchmark
process resulted in revisions to all not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data series from April 2005 forward, the
time period since the last benchmark was established. Additionally, the seasonally adjusted JOLTS data
series have been recalculated from December 2000 forward to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Table B presents revisions to seasonally adjusted total nonfarm job openings data for April 2005
forward, while table C presents revisions to hires data, table D presents revisions to total separations data,
and table E presents revisions to quits data.
LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised historical seasonally adjusted
and not seasonally adjusted JOLTS data. The data can be accessed through the JOLTS homepage at http://
www.bls.gov/jlt/.
Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by calling (202) 691-5870 or via the
Internet on the JOLTS homepage.
Table B. Revisions in job openings data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Year and month
As
previously
published
As revised
Rates (percent)
Difference
As
previously
published
As revised
Difference
2005
April ................................................
May .................................................
June .................................................
July ..................................................
August ...........................................
September ......................................
October ...........................................
November.......................................
December .......................................
3,589
3,364
3,598
3,580
3,697
3,728
3,867
4,031
3,941
3,588
3,485
3,635
3,644
3,631
3,729
3,904
4,021
3,880
-1
121
37
64
-66
1
37
-10
-61
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.8
0.0
.0
.0
.0
-.1
.0
.0
.0
.0
2006
January ...........................................
February .........................................
March .............................................
April ................................................
May .................................................
June .................................................
July ..................................................
August ...........................................
September ......................................
October ...........................................
November.......................................
December .......................................
3,981
3,994
4,089
4,070
3,945
3,960
3,844
4,061
4,154
4,248
4,288
4,433
3,950
3,972
3,999
3,999
4,037
3,995
3,891
4,188
4,177
4,157
4,200
4,401
-31
-22
-90
-71
92
35
47
127
23
-91
-88
-32
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.2
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
-.1
-.1
.0
.0
.1
.1
.0
.1
.0
.0
-.1
-.1
6
Table C. Revisions in hires data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted
Rates (percent)
Levels (in thousands)
As
previously
published
As revised
2005
April .......................................................
May ........................................................
June ........................................................
July .........................................................
August ..................................................
September .............................................
October ..................................................
November..............................................
December ..............................................
4,574
4,778
4,807
4,727
4,824
4,748
4,822
4,813
4,694
4,661
4,850
4,803
4,645
4,927
4,876
4,874
4,808
4,697
87
72
-4
-82
103
128
52
-5
3
2006
January ..................................................
February ................................................
March ....................................................
April .......................................................
May ........................................................
June ........................................................
July .........................................................
August ..................................................
September .............................................
October ..................................................
November..............................................
December ..............................................
4,941
4,954
4,884
4,649
4,949
4,899
4,995
4,831
4,803
4,988
5,042
4,889
4,876
4,955
4,877
4,741
5,068
4,986
5,141
4,912
4,917
4,983
4,994
4,959
-65
1
-7
92
119
87
146
81
114
-5
-48
70
Year and month
Difference
As
previously
published
As revised
Difference
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.5
0.1
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.0
.0
.0
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
-.1
.0
.0
.1
.0
.1
.1
.0
.1
-.1
-.1
.0
7
Table D. Revisions in total separation data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted
Rates (percent)
Levels (in thousands)
Year and month
As
previously
published
As revised
Difference
As
previously
published
As revised
Difference
2005
April ....................................................
May .....................................................
June .....................................................
July ......................................................
August ...............................................
September ..........................................
October ...............................................
November...........................................
December ...........................................
4,614
4,543
4,590
4,464
4,633
4,798
4,359
4,476
4,359
4,602
4,531
4,527
4,457
4,626
4,825
4,392
4,441
4,490
-12
-12
-63
-7
-7
27
33
-35
131
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.3
0.0
.0
.0
.0
-.1
.0
.0
.0
.1
2006
January ...............................................
February .............................................
March .................................................
April ....................................................
May .....................................................
June .....................................................
July ......................................................
August ...............................................
September ..........................................
October ...............................................
November...........................................
December ...........................................
4,285
4,531
4,681
4,495
4,811
4,631
4,479
4,386
4,380
4,524
4,699
4,521
4,478
4,601
4,846
4,405
4,953
4,654
4,643
4,463
4,470
4,613
4,844
4,540
193
70
165
-90
142
23
164
77
90
89
145
19
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.3
.1
.0
.1
-.1
.0
.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.0
.0
8
Table E. Revisions in quits data, April 2005 - December 2006, seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Year and month
As
previously
published
As revised
Rates (percent)
Difference
As
previously
published
As revised
Difference
2005
April .................................................
May ..................................................
June ..................................................
July ...................................................
August ............................................
September .......................................
October ............................................
November........................................
December ........................................
2,586
2,534
2,541
2,511
2,651
2,681
2,619
2,683
2,567
2,581
2,509
2,496
2,524
2,646
2,780
2,605
2,622
2,571
-5
-25
-45
13
-5
99
-14
-61
4
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.9
0.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
.1
-.1
-.1
.0
2006
January ............................................
February ..........................................
March ..............................................
April .................................................
May ..................................................
June ..................................................
July ...................................................
August ............................................
September .......................................
October ............................................
November........................................
December ........................................
2,577
2,663
2,763
2,541
2,723
2,699
2,623
2,597
2,473
2,606
2,794
2,681
2,656
2,687
2,797
2,530
2,785
2,748
2,668
2,692
2,566
2,655
2,774
2,759
79
24
34
-11
62
49
45
95
93
49
-20
78
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
.1
.0
.1
.0
.0
.0
.1
.1
.1
.0
-.1
.0
Technical Note
The data for the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
(JOLTS) are collected and compiled monthly from a sample of
business establishments by the Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS).
Collection
Each month, data are collected in a survey of business
establishments for total employment, job openings, hires, quits,
layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Data collection
methods include computer-assisted telephone interviewing,
touchtone data entry, fax, and mail.
Coverage
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm
establishments such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and
the District of Columbia.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in this
release are in accordance with the 2002 version of the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS). In order to
ensure the highest possible quality of data, State Workforce
Agencies verify with employers and update, if necessary, the
industry code, location, and ownership classification of all
establishments on a 3-year cycle. Changes in establishment
characteristics resulting from the verification process are
always introduced into the JOLTS sampling frame with the data
reported for the first month of the year.
Employment. Employment includes persons on the payroll
who worked or received pay for the pay period that includes
the 12th day of the reference month. Full-time, part-time,
permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried, and hourly
employees are included, as are employees on paid vacations or
other paid leave. Proprietors or partners of unincorporated
businesses, unpaid family workers, or persons on leave without
pay or on strike for the entire pay period, are not counted as
employed. Employees of temporary help agencies, employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, and consultants are
counted by their employer of record, not by the establishment
where they are working.
Job openings. Establishments submit job openings
information for the last business day of the reference month.
A job opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and
there is work available for that position, 2) work could start
within 30 days regardless of whether a suitable candidate is
found, and 3) the employer is actively recruiting from outside
the establishment to fill the position. Included are full-time,
part-time, permanent, short-term, and seasonal openings.
Active recruiting means that the establishment is taking steps
to fill a position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet,
posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or using
other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also excluded
are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in the future, jobs
for which employees have been hired but have not yet reported
for work, and jobs to be filled by employees of temporary help
agencies, employee leasing companies, outside contractors, or
consultants. The job openings rate is computed by dividing
the number of job openings by the sum of employment and job
openings and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Hires. Hires are the total number of additions to the payroll
occurring at any time during the reference month, including
both new and rehired employees, full-time and part-time,
permanent, short-term, and seasonal employees, employees
recalled to the location after a layoff lasting more than 7 days,
on-call or intermittent employees who returned to work after
having been formally separated, and transfers from other
locations. The hires count does not include transfers or
promotions within the reporting site, employees returning from
strike, employees of temporary help agencies or employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The
hires rate is computed by dividing the number of hires by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.
Separations. Separations are the total number of
terminations of employment occurring at any time during the
reference month, and are reported by type of separation—
quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Quits are
voluntary separations by employees (except for retirements,
which are reported as other separations). Layoffs and
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the
employer and include layoffs with no intent to rehire, formal
layoffs lasting or expected to last more than 7 days, discharges
resulting from mergers, downsizing, or closings, firings or other
discharges for cause, terminations of permanent or short-term
employees, and terminations of seasonal employees. Other
separations include retirements, transfers to other locations,
deaths, and separations due to disability. Separations do not
include transfers within the same location or employees on
strike.
The separations rate is computed by dividing the number of
separations by employment and multiplying that quotient by
100. The quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations
rates are computed similarly, dividing the number by
employment and multiplying by 100.
Annual estimates. Annual estimates of rates and levels of
hires, quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations are released with the January news release each year.
The JOLTS annual level estimates for hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, other separations, and total separations are
the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. The annual rate
estimates are computed by dividing the annual level by the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average
employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100. This
figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the 12 monthly
rates. Note that both the JOLTS and CES annual levels are
rounded to the nearest thousand before the annual estimates
are calculated. Consistent with BLS practices, annual estimates
will be published only for not seasonally adjusted data.
Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings
because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month. Only
jobs still open on the last day of the month are counted. For
the same reason job openings cannot be cumulated throughout
each month, annual figures for job openings cannot be created
by summing the monthly estimates. Hires and separations are
flow measures and are cumulated over the month with a total
reported for the month. Therefore, the annual figures can be
created by summing the monthly estimates.
Sample methodology
The JOLTS sample design is a random sample of 16,000
nonfarm business establishments, including factories, offices,
and stores, as well as federal, state, and local governments in
the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The establishments
are drawn from a universe of over eight million establishments
compiled as part of the operations of the Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages, or QCEW, program. This program
includes all employers subject to state Unemployment
Insurance (UI) laws and federal agencies subject to
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE).
The sampling frame is stratified by ownership, region,
industry sector, and size class. Large firms fall into the sample
with virtual certainty. JOLTS total employment estimates are
controlled to the employment estimates of the Current
Employment Statistics (CES) survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other JOLTS data
elements. Rates are then computed from the adjusted levels.
Using JOLTS data
The JOLTS data series on job openings, hires, and
separations are relatively new. The full sample is divided into
panels, with one panel enrolled each month. A full complement
of panels for the original data series based on the 1987 Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC) system was not completely
enrolled in the survey until January 2002. The supplemental
panels of establishments needed to create NAICS estimates
were not completely enrolled until May 2003. The data
collected up until those points are from less than a full sample.
Therefore, estimates from earlier months should be used with
caution, as fewer sampled units were reporting data at that time.
In March 2002, BLS procedures for collecting hires and
separations data were revised to address possible
underreporting. As a result, JOLTS hires and separations
estimates for months prior to March 2002 may not be
comparable with estimates for March 2002 and later.
The federal government reorganization that involved
transferring approximately 180,000 employees to the new
Department of Homeland Security is not reflected in the JOLTS
hires and separations estimates for the federal government.
The Office of Personnel Management’s record shows these
transfers were completed in March 2003. The inclusion of
transfers in the JOLTS definitions of hires and separations is
intended to cover ongoing movements of workers between
establishments. The Department of Homeland Security
reorganization was a massive one-time event, and the inclusion
of these intergovernmental transfers would distort the federal
government time series.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS seasonally adjusts several JOLTS series using the
X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment program. Seasonal
adjustment is the process of estimating and removing periodic
fluctuations caused by events such as weather, holidays,
and the beginning and ending of the school year. Seasonal
adjustment makes it easier to observe fundamental changes in
the level of the series, particularly those associated with
general economic expansions and contractions. A concurrent
seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new
seasonal adjustment factors are calculated each month, using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month.
Prior to the January 2007 benchmark release in March 2007,
seasonal adjustment of the JOLTS series was conducted using
the stable seasonal filter option since there were not enough data
observations available for the standard use of moving averages
as seasonal filters. Although the seasonal adjustment of the
JOLTS series is conducted with fewer data observations than is
customary, the number of observations is now above the minimum
required by X-12-ARIMA to use the normal seasonal filters.
Therefore, the standard use of moving averages as seasonal
filters is now in place for JOLTS seasonal adjustment. JOLTS
seasonal adjustment now includes both additive and
multiplicative seasonal adjustment models and REGARIMA
(regression with autocorrelated errors) modeling to improve the
seasonal adjustment factors at the beginning and end of the
series and to detect and adjust for outliers in the series. Due to
the improved diagnostics, three additional industries are now
seasonally adjusted: retail trade, accommodations and food
services, and state and local government. It is expected that more
series may be seasonally adjusted when more data are
available.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire
population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the “true” population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90-percent level of
confidence. That means that there is a 90-percent chance, or
level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true”
population value because of sampling error. Estimates of
sampling errors are available upon request.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including
the failure to include a segment of the population, the inability
to obtain data from all units in the sample, the inability or
unwillingness of respondents to provide data on a timely basis,
mistakes made by respondents, errors made in the collection or
processing of the data, and errors from the employment
benchmark data used in estimation.
JOLTS hires and separations estimates cannot be used to
exactly explain net changes in nonfarm payroll employment.
Some reasons why it is problematic to compare changes in
payroll employment with JOLTS hires and separations,
especially on a monthly basis, are: 1) the reference period for
payroll employment is the pay period including the 12th of the
month, while the reference period for hires and separations is
the calendar month; and 2) payroll employment can vary from
month to month simply because part-time and on-call workers
may not always work during the pay period that includes the
12th of the month. Additionally, research has found that some
reporters systematically underreport separations relative to
hires due to a number of factors, including the nature of their
payroll systems and practices. The shortfall appears to be
about 2 percent or less over a 12-month period.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200;
TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels 3 (in thousands)
Industry and region
Rates
Jan.
2006
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
Total 4………………………………………………………… 3,950
4,188
4,177
4,157
4,200
3,714
185
330
741
431
682
683
525
471
469
422
3,715
148
317
721
396
755
701
544
469
467
430
3,702
137
364
658
370
709
749
579
487
460
423
746
1,599
851
1,009
770
1,626
789
1,017
760
1,649
769
989
Jan.
2007p
Jan.
2006
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
2007p
Jan.
4,401
4,372
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
3,735
106
328
671
417
705
713
625
528
463
427
3,928
107
362
767
471
745
734
612
538
473
427
3,892
164
353
746
419
764
732
550
485
476
435
3.0
1.6
2.2
2.4
2.6
4.2
3.4
3.8
3.9
1.8
1.9
3.1
2.3
2.3
2.7
2.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
4.0
2.1
2.1
3.1
1.9
2.2
2.7
2.5
4.1
3.8
4.0
4.0
2.1
2.2
3.1
1.7
2.5
2.4
2.4
3.9
4.0
4.2
4.1
2.0
2.1
3.1
1.4
2.3
2.5
2.7
3.8
3.8
4.5
4.4
2.0
2.2
3.3
1.4
2.5
2.8
3.0
4.0
3.9
4.4
4.5
2.1
2.2
3.3
2.1
2.4
2.8
2.7
4.1
3.9
3.9
4.1
2.1
2.2
772
1,572
770
1,034
849
1,674
810
1,044
755
1,632
837
1,118
2.7
3.1
2.3
2.9
2.8
3.2
2.6
3.2
2.9
3.2
2.4
3.2
2.9
3.3
2.4
3.1
2.9
3.1
2.4
3.3
3.2
3.3
2.5
3.3
2.9
3.2
2.6
3.5
INDUSTRY
Total private 4……………………………………………… 3,538
Construction……………………………………………
Manufacturing…………………………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities 5…………………
Retail trade……………………………………………
Professional and business services…………………
Education and health services………………………
Leisure and hospitality 6………………...……………
Accommodations and food services………………
Government 7………………………………………………
State and local government…………….……………
121
312
647
411
763
621
517
453
410
373
REGION 8
Northeast………………………………………………
711
South…………………………………………………… 1,569
Midwest…………………………………………………
West………………………………………………………
1
738
904
Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day
the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
of the month.
2
The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business
New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama,
day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
3
Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent
Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas,
seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4
Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin;
and other services, not shown separately.
5
Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities,
New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p
= preliminary.
not shown separately.
6
Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal
7
Includes federal government not shown separately.
8
The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana,
Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,
West: Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada,
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the
adjustment factors.
Table 2. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels 3 (in thousands)
Industry and region
Rates
Jan.
2006
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
Total 4………………………………………………………… 4,876
4,912
4,917
4,983
4,994
4,434
369
359
1,070
724
830
478
834
713
407
336
4,482
336
314
965
710
1,028
467
859
756
386
318
4,616
345
366
1,008
713
994
529
893
758
363
320
729
1,927
1,053
1,176
720
2,019
1,031
1,163
727
1,969
1,097
1,198
Jan.
2007p
Jan.
2006
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
2007p
Jan.
4,959
4,984
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
4,665
395
363
1,012
737
1,010
492
903
748
348
303
4,662
341
375
990
699
963
515
969
793
371
313
4,637
286
376
992
733
962
508
983
849
382
318
4.0
5.5
2.6
4.4
5.4
5.3
2.5
6.1
6.2
1.6
1.6
3.9
4.8
2.5
4.1
4.7
4.7
2.7
6.3
6.3
1.8
1.7
3.9
4.4
2.2
3.7
4.6
5.8
2.6
6.5
6.7
1.7
1.6
4.0
4.5
2.6
3.8
4.7
5.6
2.9
6.7
6.7
1.6
1.7
4.1
5.1
2.6
3.8
4.8
5.7
2.7
6.8
6.6
1.6
1.6
4.1
4.4
2.7
3.8
4.6
5.4
2.8
7.2
6.9
1.7
1.6
4.0
3.7
2.7
3.8
4.8
5.4
2.8
7.3
7.4
1.7
1.6
713
1,979
1,061
1,249
768
1,900
1,150
1,209
808
1,890
1,165
1,165
2.9
4.1
3.0
4.2
2.9
3.9
3.3
3.9
2.8
4.1
3.3
3.8
2.8
4.0
3.5
3.9
2.8
4.0
3.4
4.1
3.0
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.1
3.8
3.7
3.8
INDUSTRY
Total private 4……………………………………………… 4,546
422
Manufacturing…………………………………………
374
Trade, transportation, and utilities 5………………… 1,161
Retail trade…………………………………………… 828
Professional and business services…………………
916
Education and health services………………………
435
Leisure and hospitality 6………………...……………
792
Accommodations and food services………………
687
Government 7……………………………………………… 359
State and local government…………….……………
311
Construction……………………………………………
REGION 8
Northeast………………………………………………
733
South…………………………………………………… 1,970
Midwest…………………………………………………
949
West……………………………………………………… 1,258
1
Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
2
The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4
Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5
Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6
Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
7
Includes federal government not shown separately.
8
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 3. Total separations levels
1
2
and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels 3 (in thousands)
Industry and region
Rates
Jan.
2006
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
4,478
4,463
4,470
4,613
4,844
Total private4……………………………………………… 4,180
4,158
346
368
1,002
699
728
437
804
688
307
242
4,123
346
389
990
686
824
396
726
607
315
251
4,323
373
359
987
688
921
424
791
673
298
248
697
1,828
962
1,044
731
1,742
970
1,031
745
1,709
1,072
1,081
Total 4………………………………………………………
Jan.
2007p
Jan.
2006
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
2007p
Jan.
4,540
4,549
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.3
4,543
413
360
1,020
719
974
430
838
721
305
256
4,253
387
372
962
707
851
430
835
757
283
255
4,242
403
401
969
672
872
416
772
623
310
257
3.7
4.8
2.5
3.6
4.4
4.8
2.1
6.9
7.2
1.4
1.3
3.6
4.5
2.6
3.8
4.6
4.1
2.4
6.1
6.1
1.4
1.3
3.6
4.5
2.7
3.8
4.5
4.7
2.2
5.5
5.4
1.4
1.3
3.8
4.8
2.5
3.8
4.5
5.2
2.4
6.0
5.9
1.3
1.3
4.0
5.4
2.5
3.9
4.7
5.5
2.4
6.3
6.3
1.4
1.3
3.7
5.0
2.6
3.7
4.6
4.8
2.4
6.2
6.6
1.3
1.3
3.7
5.2
2.8
3.7
4.4
4.9
2.3
5.8
5.5
1.4
1.3
707
2,011
985
1,079
670
1,796
1,054
1,036
740
1,778
991
1,046
2.7
3.5
3.2
3.5
2.7
3.7
3.1
3.4
2.9
3.6
3.1
3.4
2.9
3.5
3.4
3.5
2.8
4.1
3.1
3.5
2.6
3.7
3.3
3.4
2.9
3.6
3.1
3.4
INDUSTRY
366
356
955
682
831
372
897
792
297
249
Construction……………………………………………
Manufacturing…………………………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities 5…………………
Retail trade…………………………………………
Professional and business services…………………
Education and health services………………………
Leisure and hospitality 6………………...……………
Accommodations and food services………………
Government 7……………………………………………
State and local government…………….……………
REGION 8
683
Northeast………………………………………………
South…………………………………………………… 1,707
Midwest………………………………………………… 1,012
West…………………………………………………… 1,071
1
Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
2
The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
3
4
Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5
Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6
Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
7
Includes federal government not shown separately.
8
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
1
2
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted
Levels3 (in thousands)
Industry and region
Jan.
2006
Total 4………………………………………………………… 2,656
Rates
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
2,692
2,566
2,655
2,774
2,532
153
201
610
435
424
295
553
508
158
130
2,400
135
185
591
430
443
263
510
462
160
125
2,513
137
196
593
438
475
274
542
496
144
124
409
1,140
558
575
383
1,102
541
551
359
1,101
604
592
Jan.
2007p
Jan.
2006
Aug.
2006
Sept.
2006
Oct.
2006
Nov.
2006
Dec.
2006
2007p
Jan.
2,759
2,665
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.9
2,625
144
211
661
472
486
278
565
520
147
125
2,615
143
222
597
438
497
289
602
560
146
130
2,518
145
235
580
412
496
271
529
479
152
129
2.2
2.4
1.4
2.3
2.9
2.3
1.4
4.7
5.1
.7
.6
2.2
2.0
1.4
2.3
2.8
2.4
1.6
4.2
4.5
.7
.7
2.1
1.7
1.3
2.3
2.8
2.5
1.5
3.9
4.1
.7
.6
2.2
1.8
1.4
2.3
2.9
2.7
1.5
4.1
4.4
.7
.6
2.3
1.9
1.5
2.5
3.1
2.7
1.5
4.2
4.6
.7
.6
2.3
1.9
1.6
2.3
2.9
2.8
1.6
4.5
4.9
.7
.7
2.2
1.9
1.7
2.2
2.7
2.8
1.5
4.0
4.2
.7
.7
409
1,167
543
645
367
1,171
559
638
355
1,115
579
619
1.5
2.3
1.7
2.0
1.6
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.5
2.3
1.7
1.8
1.4
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.4
1.7
2.1
1.4
2.4
1.8
2.1
1.4
2.3
1.8
2.0
INDUSTRY
Total private4……………………………………………… 2,518
186
Manufacturing…………………………………………
193
Trade, transportation, and utilities5…………………
599
Retail trade…………………………………………
448
Professional and business services………………… 405
Education and health services………………………
249
Leisure and hospitality6………………...……………
610
Accommodations and food services……………… 567
Government7……………………………………………… 142
State and local government…………….……………
122
Construction……………………………………………
REGION 8
Northeast………………………………………………
385
South…………………………………………………… 1,111
Midwest…………………………………………………
West……………………………………………………
546
618
1
Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
2
The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
4
Includes natural resources and mining, information, financial activities, and other services, not shown separately.
5
Includes wholesale trade and transportation, warehousing, and utilities, not shown separately.
6
Includes arts, entertainment, and recreation, not shown separately.
7
Includes federal government not shown separately.
8
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates and the JOLTS seasonal adjustment factors.
Table 5. Job openings levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and region
Jan.
2006
Levels (in thousands)
Dec.
Jan.
2006
2007p
Total……………………………………………………… 3,626
Jan.
2006
Rates
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
3,888
4,022
2.7
2.7
2.9
3,451
15
73
323
201
122
647
140
378
129
135
218
152
67
702
695
69
626
491
55
436
150
3,583
16
137
344
209
135
654
171
354
129
168
220
177
44
726
689
49
640
487
61
426
142
2.8
1.5
1.4
2.1
2.3
1.7
2.1
1.8
2.2
2.1
3.8
3.7
3.7
4.0
4.1
3.2
2.0
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.6
1.3
2.9
2.2
1.0
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.3
2.5
4.2
2.5
2.4
2.9
3.8
3.7
2.2
4.0
3.6
3.0
3.7
2.7
3.1
2.3
1.8
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.4
2.8
2.3
2.5
5.2
2.6
2.8
2.0
4.0
3.7
1.7
4.1
3.7
3.4
3.7
2.6
378
35
344
436
41
395
438
38
400
1.7
1.3
1.8
1.9
1.5
2.0
2.0
1.4
2.0
621
1,468
674
863
732
1,514
689
953
659
1,526
762
1,075
2.4
3.0
2.1
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.1
3.0
2.5
3.1
2.4
3.4
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 3,248
10
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
101
Manufacturing………………………………………
303
Durable goods...…………………………………
211
Nondurable goods...……………………………
92
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
559
Wholesale trade…………………………………
106
Retail trade……………………………..…….
348
105
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
120
Financial activities……..……………………………
320
Finance and insurance…………………………
233
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
87
720
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
587
58
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
529
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
459
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
60
Accommodations and food services……………
399
Other services………………………………………
70
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 3
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment
plus job openings.
3
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 6. Hires levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and region
Levels (in thousands)
Jan.
Dec.
Jan.
2006
2006
2007p
Total……………………………………………………… 4,207
Jan.
2006
Rates
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
3,720
4,311
3.2
2.7
3.2
3,493
16
212
252
142
109
795
98
559
138
53
170
111
59
788
374
36
339
727
133
594
106
3,962
23
215
371
227
144
751
145
496
110
98
191
134
57
918
475
69
406
770
103
667
152
3.5
2.4
4.4
2.6
2.3
3.1
3.4
1.7
3.6
4.4
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
5.2
2.3
2.3
2.3
5.0
4.6
5.1
3.0
3.0
2.3
2.8
1.8
1.6
2.1
3.0
1.7
3.5
2.7
1.7
2.0
1.8
2.7
4.4
2.1
1.2
2.2
5.6
7.4
5.3
1.9
3.5
3.3
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.5
3.3
2.2
3.2
2.3
2.2
2.6
5.3
2.6
2.4
2.7
6.0
5.9
6.0
2.8
327
44
283
227
51
176
348
59
289
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.0
1.9
.9
1.6
2.2
1.5
559
1,785
812
1,052
556
1,411
792
961
620
1,711
1,005
975
2.2
3.7
2.6
3.5
2.2
2.9
2.5
3.1
2.5
3.5
3.2
3.2
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 3,880
Natural resources and mining……………………
15
Construction…………………………………………
320
Manufacturing………………………………………
370
209
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
162
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
873
99
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade……………………………..…….
555
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
218
66
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
177
Finance and insurance…………………………
131
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
46
Professional and business services………………
874
408
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
64
344
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
617
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
78
Accommodations and food services……………
539
Other services………………………………………
161
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 3
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 7. Total separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Rates
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
Total……………………………………………………… 4,331
4,369
4,389
3.3
3.2
3.2
4,136
15
407
332
195
138
1,080
130
806
144
72
217
145
72
823
360
45
315
712
62
650
117
4,133
20
467
397
243
154
1,001
111
744
146
75
152
105
47
823
375
54
320
666
97
569
156
3.7
2.8
5.9
2.5
2.2
3.1
3.9
1.8
5.0
2.7
2.6
2.2
1.9
2.9
4.6
2.0
1.4
2.1
6.3
3.0
6.8
2.4
3.6
2.2
5.4
2.4
2.2
2.7
4.0
2.2
5.1
2.8
2.3
2.6
2.3
3.3
4.6
2.0
1.5
2.1
5.4
3.4
5.8
2.2
3.7
2.8
6.4
2.8
2.7
3.0
3.8
1.9
4.9
2.9
2.5
1.8
1.7
2.2
4.7
2.1
1.9
2.1
5.2
5.6
5.2
2.9
246
48
198
233
35
198
256
53
204
1.1
1.8
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.0
1.2
2.0
1.1
662
1,617
1,007
1,045
671
1,661
1,052
986
718
1,676
984
1,011
2.7
3.4
3.3
3.5
2.6
3.4
3.3
3.2
2.8
3.5
3.2
3.3
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 4,085
18
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
426
352
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
193
Nondurable goods...……………………………
159
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
1,005
102
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade……………………………..…….
768
135
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
78
179
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
117
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
62
Professional and business services………………
779
Education and health services……………………
345
Educational services……………………………
39
306
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
776
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
51
Accommodations and food services……………
726
Other services………………………………………
127
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 3
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 8. Quits levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and region
Jan.
2006
Levels (in thousands)
Dec.
Jan.
2006
2007p
Total……………………………………………………… 2,330
Jan.
2006
Rates
Dec.
2006
2007p
Jan.
2,296
2,336
1.8
1.7
1.7
2,186
8
115
158
83
76
544
71
404
69
41
109
72
37
422
244
20
224
485
31
454
59
2,214
7
117
202
120
83
512
71
369
72
50
86
69
17
455
232
25
207
463
31
433
90
2.0
1.4
2.1
1.2
1.1
1.4
2.0
1.1
2.6
1.4
2.0
1.3
1.2
1.4
2.2
1.2
.8
1.3
4.4
1.6
4.8
1.4
1.9
1.1
1.5
1.1
.9
1.5
2.0
1.2
2.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.7
2.4
1.3
.6
1.5
3.7
1.7
4.0
1.1
2.0
1.0
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.6
2.0
1.2
2.4
1.4
1.6
1.0
1.1
.8
2.6
1.3
.9
1.4
3.6
1.8
3.9
1.7
114
16
98
109
12
97
122
18
104
.5
.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.7
.5
315
984
487
544
294
983
470
548
291
984
517
544
1.3
2.1
1.6
1.8
1.1
2.0
1.5
1.8
1.2
2.0
1.7
1.8
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 2,216
9
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
151
165
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
95
Nondurable goods...……………………………
70
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
531
61
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade……………………………..…….
403
67
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
60
103
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
74
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
29
Professional and business services………………
368
Education and health services……………………
217
Educational services……………………………
24
193
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
539
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
27
Accommodations and food services……………
512
Other services………………………………………
72
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 3
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimate.
2
Table 9. Layoffs and discharges levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Rates
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
Total……………………………………………………… 1,627
1,789
1,665
1.2
1.3
1.2
1,710
6
285
148
93
56
458
41
353
64
26
80
48
31
361
90
20
70
204
27
177
52
1,590
9
315
161
98
63
394
32
311
51
21
54
29
26
310
97
26
71
180
62
119
50
1.4
.8
3.6
1.0
.8
1.4
1.6
.6
2.1
1.1
.4
.7
.6
1.1
1.8
.6
.4
.6
1.7
1.2
1.8
.9
1.5
.8
3.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.7
.7
2.2
1.3
.8
.9
.8
1.4
2.0
.5
.7
.5
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.0
1.4
1.3
4.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.5
.5
2.0
1.0
.7
.6
.5
1.2
1.8
.5
.9
.5
1.4
3.6
1.1
.9
74
11
63
79
13
66
75
14
61
.3
.4
.3
.4
.5
.3
.3
.5
.3
283
523
386
435
332
568
517
372
364
553
384
364
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.6
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.2
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 1,553
5
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
258
141
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
68
Nondurable goods...……………………………
74
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
409
33
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade……………………………..…….
325
52
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
11
61
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
37
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
24
Professional and business services………………
301
Education and health services……………………
103
Educational services……………………………
12
91
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
215
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
20
Accommodations and food services……………
195
Other services………………………………………
49
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 3
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total
employment.
3
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 10. Other separations levels 1 and rates 2 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Rates
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
Jan.
2006
Dec.
2006
Jan.
2007p
373
284
389
0.3
0.2
0.3
Total private……………………………………………
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade……………………………..…….
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
Accommodations and food services……………
Other services………………………………………
316
4
17
45
30
15
65
8
40
16
7
15
6
8
110
25
3
22
22
4
18
6
240
1
7
26
20
6
78
18
49
11
4
28
25
3
40
26
5
21
23
4
19
6
329
4
34
34
25
9
96
8
64
23
5
12
7
5
59
46
3
43
23
5
17
16
.3
.6
.2
.3
.3
.3
.2
.1
.3
.3
.2
.2
.1
.4
.7
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.2
.1
.3
.3
.3
.2
.1
.3
.4
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
.3
.6
.5
.2
.3
.2
.4
.1
.4
.5
.2
.1
.1
.2
.3
.3
.1
.3
.2
.3
.2
.3
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
58
21
36
45
9
35
60
21
39
.3
.8
.2
.2
.3
.2
.3
.8
.2
64
110
134
65
44
110
64
66
64
140
82
103
.3
.2
.4
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
Total………………………………………………………
INDUSTRY
REGION 3
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
See footnote 8, table 1.
p
= preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 11. Annual hires levels 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
49,718
49,294
54,721
57,491
59,400
45,673
219
4,421
4,062
2,356
1,704
10,517
1,556
7,557
1,406
799
2,002
1,253
749
7,758
5,133
587
4,544
8,868
1,383
7,484
1,899
45,620
216
4,580
3,861
2,389
1,470
10,389
1,481
7,423
1,489
748
2,031
1,209
820
7,842
5,164
726
4,439
8,628
1,349
7,281
2,160
50,858
229
4,677
4,316
2,718
1,598
11,988
1,702
8,392
1,893
792
2,292
1,354
939
9,416
5,253
713
4,541
9,670
1,495
8,173
2,223
53,416
257
5,150
4,112
2,592
1,521
12,289
1,720
8,530
2,039
881
2,281
1,436
845
10,554
5,619
721
4,898
9,893
1,503
8,391
2,384
54,851
257
4,513
4,278
2,549
1,730
12,640
1,629
8,909
2,100
974
2,512
1,608
903
11,328
5,905
840
5,066
10,336
1,509
8,828
2,106
4,177
513
3,667
4,043
617
3,426
3,674
476
3,197
3,863
464
3,399
4,075
492
3,586
4,549
699
3,848
Northeast……………………………………………
9,102
South………………………………………………… 20,335
Midwest……………………………………………… 13,439
West………………………………………………… 11,703
7,900
19,079
11,561
11,179
8,687
18,705
10,666
11,236
9,745
20,998
11,931
12,048
9,331
22,069
12,403
13,689
9,233
23,250
12,658
14,259
Total……………………………………………………… 54,578
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 50,401
Natural resources and mining……………………
221
Construction………………………………………… 4,501
Manufacturing………………………………………
4,130
Durable goods...…………………………………
2,239
Nondurable goods...……………………………
1,890
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
11,984
Wholesale trade…………………………………
1,711
Retail trade………………………………………
8,621
1,651
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
967
Financial activities……..…………………………… 2,207
Finance and insurance…………………………
1,444
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
763
Professional and business services……………… 8,521
Education and health services……………………
5,484
686
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance……………… 4,798
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
10,397
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
1,543
Accommodations and food services…………… 8,854
Other services………………………………………
1,992
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 2
1
The annual hires level is the total number of hires during the entire year.
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 12. Annual hires rates 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
41.4
38.1
37.9
41.6
43.0
43.6
Total private……………………………………………
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
Accommodations and food services……………
Other services………………………………………
45.5
36.5
65.9
25.1
21.7
30.9
46.1
29.6
56.6
33.2
26.6
28.3
25.0
37.5
51.7
35.1
27.3
36.5
86.4
84.6
86.7
37.9
42.0
37.6
65.8
26.6
24.8
29.5
41.2
27.5
50.3
29.2
23.5
25.5
21.5
36.9
48.6
31.7
22.2
33.5
74.0
77.6
73.4
35.3
42.1
37.8
68.0
26.6
26.7
26.5
41.1
26.4
49.8
31.3
23.5
25.5
20.4
39.9
49.1
31.1
26.9
32.0
70.9
74.4
70.3
40.0
46.3
38.7
67.0
30.2
30.5
29.6
47.0
30.1
55.7
39.3
25.4
28.5
22.8
45.1
57.4
31.0
25.8
32.0
77.4
80.8
76.8
41.1
47.7
40.9
70.2
28.9
28.9
28.9
47.3
29.8
55.8
41.5
28.8
28.0
23.8
39.7
62.3
32.3
25.4
33.7
77.2
79.4
76.8
44.2
48.0
37.6
58.7
30.1
28.3
33.3
48.2
27.6
58.2
41.9
31.9
30.0
26.0
41.4
64.5
33.1
28.8
34.0
78.6
78.3
78.7
38.8
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
19.8
18.6
20.0
18.8
22.3
18.3
17.0
17.2
17.0
17.9
17.0
18.0
18.7
18.0
18.8
20.7
25.6
20.0
36.2
43.7
42.9
40.7
31.7
41.4
37.4
39.3
34.9
40.7
34.7
39.6
39.2
44.9
38.8
41.5
37.3
46.1
40.1
45.9
36.3
47.6
40.3
46.8
Total………………………………………………………
INDUSTRY
REGION 2
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
The annual hires rate is the number of hires during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 13. Annual total separations levels 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
49,597
48,294
51,779
54,609
55,422
46,454
229
4,531
5,121
3,148
1,972
11,108
1,777
7,750
1,584
960
2,099
1,330
772
7,078
4,570
566
4,001
8,737
1,370
7,366
2,024
45,136
218
4,555
4,350
2,709
1,641
10,682
1,647
7,378
1,657
796
1,899
1,162
738
7,362
4,500
627
3,874
8,589
1,334
7,257
2,185
48,479
216
4,638
4,255
2,661
1,591
11,704
1,720
8,177
1,810
927
2,161
1,339
824
8,568
4,710
594
4,118
9,012
1,493
7,520
2,285
51,286
206
4,847
4,469
2,829
1,640
11,983
1,602
8,424
1,955
893
2,134
1,367
769
9,816
4,969
638
4,331
9,674
1,409
8,266
2,300
51,715
227
4,653
4,483
2,590
1,896
11,995
1,716
8,517
1,760
944
2,540
1,607
931
10,061
5,099
692
4,410
9,734
1,328
8,405
1,981
3,150
403
2,745
3,144
409
2,734
3,158
468
2,688
3,298
414
2,888
3,325
446
2,880
3,706
681
3,024
Northeast……………………………………………
9,053
South………………………………………………… 19,710
Midwest……………………………………………… 13,856
West………………………………………………… 11,936
8,136
18,752
11,307
11,403
8,283
18,579
10,596
10,836
9,169
19,356
11,378
11,878
8,880
20,928
12,032
12,773
8,654
21,765
12,073
12,930
Total……………………………………………………… 54,556
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 51,406
233
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction………………………………………… 4,794
6,177
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
3,800
Nondurable goods...……………………………
2,378
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
12,324
Wholesale trade…………………………………
1,820
Retail trade………………………………………
8,725
1,778
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
1,181
Financial activities……..…………………………… 2,147
Finance and insurance…………………………
1,369
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
776
Professional and business services……………… 7,858
4,779
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
489
Health care and social assistance……………… 4,292
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
9,939
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
1,370
Accommodations and food services…………… 8,570
Other services………………………………………
1,977
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 2
1
The annual total separations level is the total number of total separations during the entire year.
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 14. Annual total separations rates 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
41.4
38.1
37.1
39.4
40.8
40.7
Total private……………………………………………
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
Accommodations and food services……………
Other services………………………………………
46.4
38.4
70.2
37.6
36.8
38.9
47.4
31.5
57.3
35.8
32.5
27.5
23.7
38.1
47.7
30.5
19.5
32.7
82.6
75.1
83.9
37.6
42.7
39.3
67.5
33.6
33.2
34.1
43.6
31.4
51.6
32.9
28.3
26.7
22.9
38.0
44.3
28.2
21.4
29.5
72.9
76.8
72.2
37.7
41.6
38.1
67.6
30.0
30.2
29.6
42.2
29.4
49.5
34.8
25.0
23.8
19.6
35.9
46.0
27.1
23.3
27.9
70.6
73.6
70.0
40.5
44.1
36.5
66.5
29.7
29.8
29.5
45.8
30.4
54.3
37.6
29.7
26.9
22.5
39.6
52.3
27.8
21.5
29.0
72.1
80.7
70.7
42.2
45.8
32.8
66.1
31.4
31.6
31.1
46.2
27.8
55.1
39.8
29.2
26.2
22.7
36.1
57.9
28.6
22.5
29.8
75.5
74.5
75.7
42.6
45.3
33.2
60.5
31.6
28.8
36.5
45.7
29.1
55.6
35.1
30.9
30.4
26.0
42.7
57.3
28.6
23.7
29.6
74.1
68.9
74.9
36.5
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
14.9
14.6
15.0
14.6
14.8
14.6
14.6
17.0
14.3
15.3
15.2
15.3
15.2
16.3
15.1
16.9
25.0
15.7
36.0
42.3
44.2
41.5
32.6
40.7
36.6
40.1
33.3
40.4
34.4
38.2
36.9
41.3
37.0
41.0
35.5
43.7
38.9
42.8
34.0
44.6
38.4
42.4
Total………………………………………………………
INDUSTRY
REGION 2
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
The annual total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire year as a percent of annual average
employment.
2
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
Table 15. Annual quits levels 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
26,833
24,881
27,939
30,825
32,292
25,282
87
1,657
2,142
1,271
870
6,401
918
4,730
756
496
1,177
767
410
3,679
2,835
312
2,526
5,605
619
4,989
1,200
23,452
83
1,563
1,870
1,161
712
5,738
845
4,229
664
440
1,103
666
436
3,453
2,723
293
2,427
5,309
537
4,775
1,176
26,375
98
1,766
2,140
1,322
815
6,581
881
4,927
772
499
1,315
814
499
4,085
2,933
304
2,630
5,554
505
5,049
1,402
29,229
110
2,098
2,288
1,421
868
7,117
873
5,340
904
581
1,262
850
412
4,698
3,219
354
2,865
6,396
596
5,802
1,458
30,461
128
1,977
2,356
1,345
1,014
7,337
973
5,391
972
670
1,527
1,018
508
5,244
3,312
357
2,956
6,751
549
6,201
1,157
1,690
254
1,436
1,553
209
1,343
1,428
194
1,234
1,562
163
1,397
1,598
173
1,426
1,827
306
1,520
Northeast……………………………………………
4,929
South………………………………………………… 11,783
Midwest……………………………………………… 7,727
West…………………………………………………
6,380
3,971
10,708
6,057
6,097
3,660
10,200
5,467
5,552
4,104
11,304
6,034
6,495
4,504
12,521
6,521
7,283
4,592
13,681
6,753
7,266
Total……………………………………………………… 30,817
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 29,127
Natural resources and mining……………………
103
Construction………………………………………… 1,869
Manufacturing………………………………………
2,463
1,423
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
1,042
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
7,499
Wholesale trade…………………………………
979
Retail trade………………………………………
5,591
929
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
682
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..…………………………… 1,259
Finance and insurance…………………………
830
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
428
Professional and business services……………… 4,293
3,184
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
282
Health care and social assistance……………… 2,905
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
6,647
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
609
Accommodations and food services…………… 6,038
Other services………………………………………
1,128
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 2
1
The annual quits level is the total number of quits during the entire year.
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 16. Annual quits rates 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
23.4
20.6
19.1
21.3
23.1
23.7
Total private……………………………………………
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
Accommodations and food services……………
Other services………………………………………
26.3
17.0
27.4
15.0
13.8
17.1
28.9
17.0
36.7
18.7
18.8
16.1
14.4
21.0
26.1
20.4
11.2
22.1
55.2
33.4
59.1
21.5
23.2
14.9
24.7
14.0
13.4
15.1
25.1
16.2
31.5
15.7
14.6
15.0
13.2
20.2
23.0
17.5
11.8
18.6
46.8
34.7
48.9
22.3
21.6
14.5
23.2
12.9
13.0
12.8
22.7
15.1
28.4
13.9
13.8
13.8
11.2
21.2
21.6
16.4
10.9
17.5
43.6
29.6
46.1
21.8
24.0
16.6
25.3
14.9
14.8
15.1
25.8
15.6
32.7
16.0
16.0
16.4
13.7
24.0
24.9
17.3
11.0
18.5
44.5
27.3
47.4
25.9
26.1
17.5
28.6
16.1
15.9
16.5
27.4
15.1
34.9
18.4
19.0
15.5
14.1
19.3
27.7
18.5
12.5
19.7
49.9
31.5
53.1
27.0
26.7
18.7
25.7
16.6
14.9
19.5
28.0
16.5
35.2
19.4
21.9
18.3
16.5
23.3
29.9
18.6
12.2
19.8
51.4
28.5
55.3
21.3
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
8.0
9.2
7.8
7.2
7.6
7.2
6.6
7.0
6.6
7.2
6.0
7.4
7.3
6.3
7.5
8.3
11.2
7.9
19.6
25.3
24.7
22.2
15.9
23.3
19.6
21.4
14.7
22.2
17.8
19.6
16.5
24.1
19.6
22.4
18.0
26.1
21.1
24.4
18.1
28.0
21.5
23.9
Total………………………………………………………
INDUSTRY
REGION 2
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
The annual quits rate is the number of quits during the entire year as a percent of annual average employment.
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment
estimates.
2
Table 17. Annual layoff and discharges levels 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
19,023
19,746
20,153
20,014
18,911
18,057
103
2,705
2,555
1,600
956
3,944
733
2,534
674
394
723
409
313
2,771
1,369
209
1,161
2,804
725
2,077
686
18,628
95
2,827
2,073
1,285
788
4,151
666
2,691
791
306
576
329
247
3,367
1,428
285
1,143
2,941
771
2,173
860
19,048
70
2,677
1,799
1,129
673
4,315
706
2,750
860
360
605
321
283
3,922
1,441
251
1,191
3,116
957
2,160
740
18,886
70
2,564
1,771
1,108
662
4,144
628
2,651
865
231
677
356
319
4,370
1,415
239
1,174
2,947
782
2,160
701
17,699
69
2,388
1,725
974
754
3,669
556
2,532
584
199
771
402
368
4,079
1,417
287
1,129
2,703
744
1,958
677
907
61
846
967
117
849
1,120
164
954
1,102
111
994
1,128
148
981
1,212
191
1,021
3,425
6,566
5,121
4,843
3,447
6,726
4,394
4,455
3,899
7,065
4,336
4,450
4,282
6,741
4,558
4,573
3,739
7,095
4,656
4,524
3,308
6,547
4,366
4,685
Total……………………………………………………… 19,954
INDUSTRY
Total private…………………………………………… 19,048
107
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction………………………………………… 2,697
3,186
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
1,995
Nondurable goods...……………………………
1,197
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
4,147
Wholesale trade…………………………………
727
Retail trade………………………………………
2,713
706
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
415
Financial activities……..……………………………
645
Finance and insurance…………………………
347
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
298
Professional and business services……………… 3,012
1,226
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
150
Health care and social assistance……………… 1,076
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
2,924
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
728
Accommodations and food services…………… 2,197
Other services………………………………………
685
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
REGION 2
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
The annual layoffs and discharges level is the total number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year.
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment
estimates.
2
Table 18. Annual layoffs and discharges rates 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
15.1
14.6
15.2
15.3
15.0
13.9
Total private……………………………………………
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
Accommodations and food services……………
Other services………………………………………
17.2
17.7
39.5
19.4
19.3
19.6
16.0
12.6
17.8
14.2
11.4
8.3
6.0
14.6
18.3
7.8
6.0
8.2
24.3
39.9
21.5
13.0
16.6
17.7
40.3
16.7
16.9
16.6
15.5
13.0
16.9
14.0
11.6
9.2
7.0
15.4
17.3
8.5
7.9
8.6
23.4
40.7
20.4
12.8
17.2
16.6
42.0
14.3
14.3
14.2
16.4
11.9
18.0
16.6
9.6
7.2
5.6
12.0
21.1
8.6
10.6
8.2
24.2
42.5
21.0
15.9
17.3
11.8
38.4
12.6
12.7
12.5
16.9
12.5
18.3
17.9
11.5
7.5
5.4
13.6
23.9
8.5
9.1
8.4
24.9
51.7
20.3
13.7
16.9
11.1
35.0
12.4
12.4
12.6
16.0
10.9
17.3
17.6
7.5
8.3
5.9
15.0
25.8
8.1
8.4
8.1
23.0
41.3
19.8
13.0
15.5
10.1
31.1
12.2
10.8
14.5
14.0
9.4
16.5
11.6
6.5
9.2
6.5
16.9
23.2
7.9
9.8
7.6
20.6
38.6
17.5
12.5
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
4.3
2.2
4.6
4.5
4.2
4.5
5.2
5.9
5.1
5.1
4.1
5.3
5.2
5.4
5.1
5.5
7.0
5.3
13.6
14.1
16.3
16.8
13.8
14.6
14.2
15.7
15.7
15.4
14.1
15.7
17.2
14.4
14.8
15.8
14.9
14.8
15.0
15.2
13.0
13.4
13.9
15.4
Total………………………………………………………
INDUSTRY
REGION 2
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
The annual layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire year as a percent of
annual average employment.
2
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment
estimates.
Table 19. Annual other separations levels 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
3,784
3,742
3,666
3,689
3,770
4,221
Total private……………………………………………
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
Accommodations and food services……………
Other services………………………………………
3,231
24
227
528
386
143
677
115
420
141
84
240
193
50
551
365
57
311
369
35
331
166
3,116
39
170
423
277
147
762
125
484
152
69
201
153
49
627
361
49
315
326
29
298
135
3,055
43
165
406
263
144
795
132
458
203
50
223
167
56
543
351
48
303
340
30
311
148
3,056
45
198
315
210
104
810
130
501
178
65
243
202
41
562
333
38
294
342
32
308
147
3,169
24
183
407
300
106
720
103
432
186
81
198
161
38
745
335
43
289
332
31
301
142
3,554
31
286
401
273
128
986
187
595
207
72
245
188
58
737
370
47
323
280
36
246
144
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
553
88
464
623
86
539
610
109
500
634
138
495
600
128
474
667
182
480
700
1,360
1,011
714
719
1,319
854
853
724
1,313
793
838
786
1,310
784
810
639
1,312
855
964
754
1,535
953
975
Total………………………………………………………
INDUSTRY
REGION 2
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
The annual other separations level is the total number of other separations during the entire year.
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.
2
Table 20. Annual other separations rates 1 by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Industry and region
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.8
3.1
Total private……………………………………………
Natural resources and mining……………………
Construction…………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………
Durable goods...…………………………………
Nondurable goods...……………………………
Trade, transportation, and utilities………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities……
Information…………………………………………
Financial activities……..……………………………
Finance and insurance…………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing……………
Professional and business services………………
Education and health services……………………
Educational services……………………………
Health care and social assistance………………
Leisure and hospitality………………...…………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation……………
Accommodations and food services……………
Other services………………………………………
2.9
4.0
3.3
3.2
3.7
2.3
2.6
2.0
2.8
2.8
2.3
3.1
3.3
2.5
3.3
2.3
2.3
2.4
3.1
1.9
3.2
3.2
2.9
6.7
2.5
2.8
2.9
2.5
3.0
2.2
3.2
3.2
2.0
2.6
2.6
2.4
3.9
2.2
1.9
2.3
2.7
1.6
2.9
2.5
2.8
7.5
2.4
2.8
2.9
2.6
3.1
2.4
3.1
4.3
1.6
2.8
2.8
2.7
3.4
2.1
1.8
2.2
2.8
1.7
3.0
2.7
2.8
7.6
2.8
2.2
2.4
1.9
3.2
2.3
3.3
3.7
2.1
3.0
3.4
2.0
3.4
2.0
1.4
2.1
2.7
1.7
2.9
2.7
2.8
3.8
2.5
2.9
3.4
2.0
2.8
1.8
2.8
3.8
2.6
2.4
2.7
1.8
4.4
1.9
1.5
2.0
2.6
1.6
2.8
2.6
3.1
4.5
3.7
2.8
3.0
2.5
3.8
3.2
3.9
4.1
2.4
2.9
3.0
2.7
4.2
2.1
1.6
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.2
2.7
Government……………………………………………
Federal………………………………………………
State and local…………….………………………
2.6
3.2
2.5
2.9
3.1
2.9
2.8
3.9
2.7
2.9
5.1
2.6
2.8
4.7
2.5
3.0
6.7
2.5
2.8
2.9
3.2
2.5
2.9
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.6
3.0
3.2
2.8
2.5
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.8
3.2
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.2
Total………………………………………………………
INDUSTRY
REGION 2
Northeast……………………………………………
South…………………………………………………
Midwest………………………………………………
West…………………………………………………
1
The annual other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire year as a percent of annual
average employment.
2
See footnote 8, table 1.
NOTE: Data have been revised to incorporate the annual updates to the Current Employment Statistics employment estimates.