Extended Mass Layoffs
in 2000
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
July 2001
Report 951
offs among durable-goods manufacturers were most prevalent in transportation equipment (primarily motor vehicles
and car bodies, motor vehicle parts and accessories, and
aircraft) and in industrial equipment. Among nondurablegoods manufacturers, numbers of layoffs were highest in
food and kindred products and in apparel. (See table 2.)
Introduction
T
he Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the
mass layoffs program to provide information on
large-scale layoff events and on the characteristics
of dislocated workers. Each month, BLS reports on the
number of mass layoff actions by employers and, each quarter, there is a separate report on the number and characteristics of those mass layoffs that last more than 30 days.
This report extends that analysis for the entire 2000 calendar year, providing information on the industry, geographic
distribution, and size of mass layoffs; the demographic characteristics of those claiming unemployment insurance; the
duration of certified unemployment; the expectation of recall; and the extent of permanent worksite closures.
In 2000, employers laid off approximately 1.2 million
workers in 5,622 mass layoff actions. While the numbers
of layoff events and separations in the first three quarters of
the year were lower than those for corresponding quarters
of 1999, layoff activity rose sharply in the fourth quarter of
2000, reaching the highest layoff event and separation levels of any quarter since BLS studies of mass layoffs were
reinstated in 1995. The number of separated workers for
2000 was still within the range of 1.1 million to 1.2 million
laid-off workers that have been reported annually in each
of the 5 years for which data are available. (See table 1.)
Over the 1999-2000 period, the annual average national
unemployment rate decreased from 4.2 percent to 4.0 percent, and nonfarm payroll employment increased by 2 percent, or 2.6 million jobs.
This report presents recent data from the BLS Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program. Extended mass layoffs refer
to layoffs of at least 31 days’ duration that involve the filing of initial claims for unemployment insurance by 50 or
more individuals from a single establishment during a consecutive 5-week period. Additional information about the
program is provided in the Technical Note that follows the
tables.
• Services accounted for 18 percent of all events and
19 percent of all separations, mainly due to the end of seasonal work and the completion of contracts. (See table 2.)
Layoffs in services occurred largely in help supply, with the
greatest number of affected workers separated from firms
located in the South. Compared with 1999, the number of
separated workers in help supply increased 50 percent.
• Agriculture accounted for 16 percent of all events and
18 percent of all separations, largely due to layoffs in agricultural services (primarily among farm labor contractors).
(See table 2.) Four-fifths of the layoff events and separations in agriculture occurred in California.
• Employers involved in food production, processing,
and distribution accounted for one-quarter of all separations (303,858). The number of laid-off workers decreased
(-21,385) in this industry grouping compared with 1999,
when the number of separations had reached its highest
level since data collection resumed in 1995. (See table 2.)
• Layoffs in high-technology-intensive industries, at
41,846, were down sharply from their 1999 peak. (See table
2.)
• Among the 82 industry groups (two-digit Standard
Industrial Classification code) identified in the MLS program, the number of separated workers declined in 36
groups during 2000. Motion pictures had the largest decrease, followed by general merchandise stores and electronic and other electrical equipment. Forty-three industry
groups registered an increase, led by business services and
transportation equipment.
Reason for layoff
• Layoffs caused by the end of seasonal work continued to be the reason most cited by employers, accounting
for 43 percent of all layoff events and 44 percent of separations. (See table 3.) These layoffs occurred primarily in
Highlights
Industry distribution of 2000 mass layoffs
• One-third of all layoff events and separations in the
private sector occurred in manufacturing industries. Lay1
• Eighty-six percent of the claimants in agriculture were
of Hispanic origin. Men accounted for more than 90 percent of mining and construction claimants; about two-thirds
of the claimants in retail trade and in finance, insurance,
and real estate were women. The highest percentage of
claimants aged 55 and older was found in transportation
and public utilities. (See tables 7 and 8).
food production (agriculture and food processing) establishments located in California.
• Compared with 1999, the number of layoff events and
worker separations due to internal company restructuring
increased, with separations reaching their highest level
(253,796 workers). (See table 3.) These layoffs occurred
largely in manufacturing (mostly in transportation equipment), in retail trade (largely in general merchandise stores),
and in services (primarily in health services and in business services).
Duration of insured unemployment
• The duration of insured unemployment (as measured
by the period of continued claims for unemployment insurance following the initial claim) was longest in West Virginia, followed by Alabama, Tennessee, and North Carolina. Claimants separated from employers in Kentucky and
Nebraska experienced the shortest spells of unemployment
in extended mass layoff events. Arizona reported the highest proportion of claimants exhausting unemployment insurance benefits in 2000 layoff events, followed by Alabama, Tennessee, and Florida. (See table 9.)
• Layoffs due to business ownership change declined
sharply compared with 1999 (-24,255 workers), followed
by layoffs due to a vacation period (-14,322) and to import
competition (-13,268). Layoffs due to the end of seasonal
work and to slack work had the largest increases in worker
separations, 19,591 and 18,385, respectively. (See table 3.)
Size of layoff
• Layoff events in 2000 were concentrated at the lower
end of the layoff-size spectrum, with 58 percent involving
fewer than 150 workers. These layoffs, however, accounted
for only 25 percent of all separations. Separations involving 500 or more workers accounted for 34 percent of all
separations, about the same percentage posted last year. (See
table 4.)
• The longest average jobless duration was among
claimants laid off from agricultural establishments (primarily in agricultural services) and from finance, insurance,
and real estate companies (largely security and commodity
brokers). Claimants laid off from transportation and public utilities establishments (specifically local and interurban passenger transit) had the shortest spells of insured
unemployment, followed by those in retail trade and construction. Benefit exhaustion rates were highest among agricultural workers (mainly in agricultural services), while
transportation and public utilities and construction had the
lowest rates. (See table 10.)
• Layoffs averaged 208 separations per layoff event in
2000. Among private-sector establishments, employers in
retail trade (largely miscellaneous retail and general merchandise stores) and in finance, insurance, and real estate
(primarily depository institutions) reported the highest average sizes of layoffs (302 and 257 workers, respectively).
Mining establishments had the lowest (129 workers). (See
table 5.)
• The longest jobless spells occurred among claimants
laid off due to automation, followed by layoffs due to environmental concerns and relocation of the worksite elsewhere
within or outside the United States. The shortest length of
certified unemployment occurred in layoffs due to natural
disaster, labor dispute, and model changeover. Benefit exhaustion rates were highest in layoffs due to automation,
environmental concerns, and import competition. (See table
10.)
• The average layoff size for establishments experiencing secondary effects of labor disputes in 2000 was almost
3 times the average for all layoffs. Weather-related layoffs
had the smallest average layoff size (96 workers), followed
by layoffs due to material shortages and to discontinued
product lines (155 and 157 workers, respectively). Layoff
events in which the worksite closed averaged 242 separations, down from 271 in 1999. (See table 5.)
• Claimants 55 years of age or older had the highest
benefit exhaustion rates of any age group. Hispanic claimants were more likely than other racial or ethnic groups to
exhaust benefits, followed by black claimants; the least likely
to do so were white claimants. Women had higher benefit
exhaustion rates than did men. (See table 11.)
Initial claimants
• A total of 1,016,932 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with mass layoffs in 2000.
Of these, 42 percent were women, 14 percent were black,
25 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55 years of
age or older. About 2 out of 5 claimants were between the
ages of 30 and 44. (See table 6.) Of the total civilian labor
force in 2000, 47 percent were women, 11 percent were
black, 11 percent were Hispanic, and 13 percent were 55
years of age or older. Thirty-nine percent of the civilian
labor force was between the ages of 30 and 44.
Geographic distribution
• For the fourth time in the last 5 years, employers in
the West reported the largest number of separations. These
were concentrated in food production (agriculture and food
processing). Employers in the Northeast reported the smallest number of separated workers, which reached its lowest
level in the last 5 years (158,857 workers). (See table 12.)
2
Recall expectations
• Three-fifths of employers reporting a large layoff in
2000 expected some type of recall of laid-off workers, in
line with expectations reported in 4 of the last 5 years.
Employers in agriculture (92 percent) and construction (81
percent) were more likely to anticipate a recall than were
employers in other industries; least likely to do so were employers engaged in finance, insurance, and real estate (12
percent). Excluding layoffs due to seasonal work and the
vacation period (for which recall expectations were 94 percent), employers anticipated recalling separated workers in
34 percent of the events, the same proportion as last year.
(See tables 15 and 16.)
When layoffs due to seasonal work are excluded, the Midwest (203,833) and South (197,834) regions had the highest numbers of laid-off workers.
• Compared with developments in 1999, the West reported the largest decrease (-27,307) in worker separations,
mostly because there were fewer laid-off workers in the Pacific division. The Midwest had the sharpest increase
(42,144) in separations, occurring entirely in the East North
Central division. Five of the nine Census divisions had
fewer layoffs in 2000 than in 1999. (See table 12.)
• California accounted for the largest number of separated workers (316,299), largely due to seasonal layoffs in
food production (agriculture and food processing). The
States with the next-highest totals of separated workers were
Illinois (116,985), Texas (68,082), Michigan (58,255), Ohio
(57,859), and Florida (53,721). (See table 13.) Even after
the substantial impact of seasonal work is accounted for,
California still had the most laid-off workers (118,538).
• Manufacturing accounted for more than two-fifths of
the layoff events and separations in which no recall was
expected by employers. These occurred primarily in transportation equipment (largely in motor vehicles and aircraft),
in industrial equipment, and in apparel. Services made up
about one-fifth of the layoff events and separations in which
no recall was expected; these were largely concentrated in
business services and in health services. (See table 17.)
• California reported the sharpest decrease (-20,026)
in worker separations compared with 1999, primarily because there were fewer layoffs in motion pictures and in
agricultural services. Wisconsin reported the largest increase (14,622), largely due to layoffs in executive, legislative, and general government. Close behind were Florida
(14,472) and Illinois (14,392). (See table 13.)
• Internal company restructuring was the reason cited
most often for a layoff in which no recall was expected,
accounting for 54 percent of layoff events and 62 percent of
separations. (See table 17.)
Permanent worksite closures
• Employers cited a permanent worksite closure in 14
percent of all layoff events and 16 percent of all separations. Internal company restructuring, relocation of the
worksite within the United States, and import competition
were the reasons for closure cited most frequently by employers. (See table 18.)
• Sixty-three percent all layoff events and sixty percent
of separations occurred in metropolitan areas, down from
1999, during which sixty-nine percent of events and sixtyseven percent of separations occurred in such areas. Among
the 337 Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States,
Chicago, IL, reported the highest number of separations
(52,156), largely due to layoffs in business services and in
food and kindred products. Compared with developments
in 1999, Dallas, TX, and Yuma, AZ, moved into the top 10
metropolitan areas in terms of laid-off workers, replacing
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA, and Norfolk-Virginia BeachNewport News, VA. (See table 14.) Worksites located in
nonmetropolitan areas experienced 198,338 worker separations in large layoffs, up from 162,874 workers in 1999.
• Manufacturing (largely of apparel, textile mill products, and food products) and retail trade (mostly general
merchandise stores and furniture and home furnishings
stores) accounted for two-thirds of the events and separations in which the worksite closed. Services contributed an
additional 15 percent of events and separations, mainly due
to closure-related layoffs in health services establishments.
Compared with developments in 1999, closures resulting
in mass layoffs decreased sharply in general merchandise
stores (-9,857). Furniture and homefurnishings stores had
the sharpest increase in separations (7,876) that involved
worksite closure. (See tables 19 and 20.)
• Chart 1 shows the concentration of layoff activity relative to employment in a State, and facilitates the comparison of layoffs across States. California has a high concentration of layoffs relative to employment, in part due to the
impact of its large agricultural sector. For example, while
California accounts for 37 percent of the Nation’s agricultural employment in establishments employing at least 50
workers, it accounted for 80 percent of the extended mass
layoffs in that sector in 2000. Relative concentrations of
layoffs also are high in Maine, due to seasonal layoffs in
retail trade, and in Alaska, largely the result of seasonal
layoffs in transportation and in food and kindred products.
• California registered the highest number of separations in closure-related layoff events (41,060), followed by
Illinois (15,963), Florida (12,182), and North Carolina
(10,933). New York reported the largest decrease in such
separations (-7,988) since 1999, followed by New Jersey
(-7,508); California had the largest increase (15,286). (See
table 21.)
3
Table 1. Number of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Year/quarter
Events
1
Separations
Initial claimants for
1
unemployment insurance
2
1995
Second quarter…………………
Third quarter……………………
Fourth quarter……………………
1,724
950
1,764
400,980
194,149
348,741
332,731
154,226
312,428
Total……………………………
4,438
943,870
799,385
1996
First quarter………………………
Second quarter…………………
Third quarter……………………
Fourth quarter……………………
1,408
1,352
1,021
1,916
272,480
261,628
233,199
417,048
224,393
200,032
185,247
348,073
Total……………………………
5,697
1,184,355
957,745
1997
First quarter………………………
Second quarter…………………
Third quarter……………………
Fourth quarter……………………
1,317
1,587
1,082
1,697
255,227
351,198
217,869
321,821
224,180
292,673
209,019
316,035
Total……………………………
5,683
1,146,115
1,041,907
1998
First quarter………………………
Second quarter…………………
Third quarter……………………
Fourth quarter……………………
1,320
1,563
1,234
1,734
208,082
391,461
248,054
379,976
247,315
402,276
256,803
325,990
Total……………………………
5,851
1,227,573
1,232,384
1999
First quarter………………………
Second quarter…………………
Third quarter……………………
Fourth quarter……………………
1,509
1,444
1,097
1,625
277,780
294,968
241,725
334,794
252,122
242,464
189,973
287,685
Total……………………………
5,675
1,149,267
972,244
2000
First quarter………………………
Second quarter…………………
Third quarter……………………
Fourth quarter……………………
1,331
1,272
1,014
2,005
254,812
258,459
230,041
426,126
221,534
231,253
188,371
375,774
Total……………………………
5,622
1,169,438
1,016,932
1
2
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all States and the District of Columbia.
The MLS program began collecting data in the second quarter of 1995. (See Technical Note.)
4
1
Table 2. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Industry
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
Total .....................................................................
5,851
5,675
5,622
1,227,573
1,149,267
1,169,438
1,232,384
972,244
1,016,932
Total, private ...................................................................
5,602
5,480
5,432
1,160,418
1,098,216
1,107,497
1,181,114
933,565
974,478
Agriculture ....................................................................
Nonagriculture ...............................................................
Manufacturing ...........................................................
Durable goods ........................................................
Lumber and wood products ................................
Furniture and fixtures ..........................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..........................
Primary metal industries .....................................
Fabricated metal products ..................................
Industrial machinery and equipment ...................
Electronic and other electrical equipment ...........
Transportation equipment ...................................
Instruments and related products .......................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries .............
751
4,837
2,056
1,101
70
31
65
88
135
173
212
218
48
61
932
4,525
1,758
916
72
35
69
86
105
164
134
167
41
43
860
4,543
1,825
987
88
38
72
80
129
143
113
236
35
53
169,823
988,767
475,200
302,574
9,249
5,076
9,040
15,672
18,641
28,834
53,810
144,233
9,443
8,576
197,734
897,986
360,806
186,769
8,774
4,805
9,636
16,078
15,033
31,128
31,545
55,922
7,637
6,211
194,789
907,902
363,630
202,282
12,957
5,074
10,323
19,286
19,485
31,162
21,263
70,212
5,634
6,886
125,646
1,053,550
504,646
332,219
10,717
5,865
9,930
18,655
19,852
30,618
55,939
163,567
6,895
10,181
138,471
792,361
315,726
162,616
7,243
4,856
9,685
16,107
15,205
31,471
23,339
43,402
5,497
5,811
131,257
837,757
365,531
217,737
12,673
4,099
9,739
18,077
20,737
27,907
25,720
87,826
4,122
6,837
Nondurable goods ..................................................
Food and kindred products ..................................
Tobacco products ................................................
Textile mill products .............................................
Apparel and other textile products .......................
Paper and allied products ....................................
Printing and publishing ........................................
Chemicals and allied products .............................
Petroleum and coal products ...............................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products ......
Leather and leather products ...............................
955
358
12
90
213
63
49
33
20
88
29
842
343
9
76
176
45
43
40
22
67
21
838
334
10
53
177
63
43
34
19
83
22
172,626
69,560
3,377
17,368
37,221
10,924
7,060
4,879
2,678
14,996
4,563
174,037
83,659
3,425
16,260
31,319
6,925
6,986
5,869
3,629
12,864
3,101
161,348
74,610
2,645
13,359
27,955
9,937
6,499
5,240
2,479
14,719
3,905
172,427
75,227
2,325
18,551
34,316
9,696
6,895
4,708
2,688
13,520
4,501
153,110
63,344
2,119
18,281
33,468
5,897
7,103
5,604
3,389
10,864
3,041
147,794
65,982
2,247
12,585
28,586
8,623
5,977
4,821
2,519
13,356
3,098
Nonmanufacturing ....................................................
Mining ....................................................................
Construction ............................................................
Transportation and public utilities ...........................
Wholesale and retail trade ......................................
Wholesale trade ..................................................
Retail trade ..........................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate ........................
Services ..................................................................
2,781
89
736
289
532
124
408
122
1,013
2,767
88
799
266
547
146
401
129
938
2,718
48
750
322
507
147
360
131
960
513,567
13,434
106,768
66,729
105,540
18,898
86,642
25,627
195,469
537,180
15,931
117,764
55,937
140,343
23,541
116,802
25,412
181,793
544,272
6,215
109,017
57,350
132,656
23,872
108,784
33,617
205,417
548,904
14,365
114,924
63,930
101,825
15,508
86,317
22,701
231,159
476,635
17,607
119,389
49,878
96,827
16,964
79,863
20,325
172,609
472,226
5,450
110,858
55,730
100,648
17,944
82,704
20,313
179,227
Not identified ................................................................
14
23
29
1,828
2,496
4,806
1,918
2,733
5,464
Government ....................................................................
Federal ....................................................................
State ........................................................................
Local .......................................................................
249
50
54
145
195
38
42
115
190
51
35
104
67,155
12,641
11,174
43,340
51,051
9,372
14,472
27,207
61,941
18,242
9,164
34,535
51,270
13,045
11,074
27,151
38,679
9,972
8,302
20,405
42,454
15,163
6,301
20,990
239
1,309
218
1,493
180
1,342
48,253
279,845
59,662
325,243
41,846
303,858
43,341
237,538
41,046
236,905
35,867
226,731
1
1999
2000
Selected industry groupings2
High-technology-intensive industries………………………
Food production, processing, and distribution……………
1
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
See Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings.
5
Table 3. Reason for separation: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Reason for separation
Total, all reasons1 .............................
Automation ..................................................
Bankruptcy ..................................................
Business ownership change .......................
Contract cancellation ..................................
Contract completion ....................................
Domestic relocation ....................................
Energy-related…………………………………
Environment-related…………………………
Financial difficulty ........................................
Import competition ......................................
Labor dispute ..............................................
Material shortage ........................................
Model changeover ......................................
Natural disaster ...........................................
Overseas relocation ....................................
Plant or machine repair ...............................
Product line discontinued ............................
Reorganization within company ..................
Seasonal work ............................................
Slack work ..................................................
Vacation period ...........................................
Weather-related ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
Not reported ................................................
Internal company restructuring3………………
1
2
3
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
5,851
5,675
5,622
1,227,573
1,149,267
1,169,438
1,232,384
972,244
6
81
154
64
710
90
30
7
152
90
83
77
(2)
107
190
86
681
56
26
13
203
96
26
10
( )
157
125
87
599
71
10
7
307
63
29
6
1,403
24,483
36,569
12,317
143,963
16,066
5,134
1,538
34,241
18,473
64,812
20,908
( )
49,649
57,306
13,432
120,213
9,923
3,164
3,394
49,508
26,684
14,543
1,833
( )
55,582
33,051
14,263
121,915
11,575
2,487
1,142
62,395
13,416
17,754
931
1,138
13,334
22,222
11,049
209,342
11,668
7,385
1,731
26,181
19,050
79,667
23,646
( )
21,837
30,316
11,090
141,186
7,654
5,062
2,668
34,636
19,833
4,900
3,206
( )
27,440
16,830
13,694
130,269
13,749
1,731
890
48,279
10,115
16,407
924
19
6
35
32
36
492
2,205
769
104
134
282
193
7
(2)
34
14
35
453
2,357
592
119
118
176
269
9
(2)
43
19
30
415
2,437
619
84
66
160
273
12,924
1,139
8,797
7,200
5,653
92,956
451,094
150,334
24,986
13,751
46,543
32,289
1,735
(2)
5,683
1,634
5,467
95,122
491,877
80,737
28,009
14,194
30,844
43,521
2,392
(2)
9,054
3,090
4,719
102,768
511,468
99,122
13,687
6,362
29,215
51,388
22,101
1,137
6,867
7,873
7,763
91,803
379,237
168,920
16,694
19,242
48,695
35,639
1,116
(2)
4,456
1,577
6,879
92,510
374,141
105,193
19,405
12,637
28,482
42,682
3,484
(2)
8,339
2,538
6,141
87,210
393,796
136,497
12,487
7,294
27,103
50,827
879
953
1,004
188,249
251,585
253,796
153,540
179,299
179,759
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
Internal company restructuring consists of bankruptcy, business
2
2
1999
2
2000
1,016,932
2
ownership change, financial difficulty, and reorganization within company.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
6
Table 4. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff
Layoff events
Number of workers
1999
Separations
Percent1
Number
2000
1999
Number
2000
1999
2000
Percent
1999
2000
Total2………………
5,675
5,622
100.0
100.0
1,149,267
1,169,438
100.0
100.0
50-99……………………
100-149…………………
150-199…………………
200-299…………………
300-499…………………
500-999…………………
1,000 or more……………
2,175
1,254
625
729
515
261
116
1,982
1,264
689
753
546
270
118
38.3
22.1
11.0
12.8
9.1
4.6
2.0
35.3
22.5
12.3
13.4
9.7
4.8
2.1
156,258
146,368
104,220
168,664
185,336
167,981
220,440
141,652
147,674
114,679
174,544
195,177
176,083
219,629
13.6
12.7
9.1
14.7
16.1
14.6
19.2
12.1
12.6
9.8
14.9
16.7
15.1
18.8
1
2
Due to rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent.
See footnote 1, table 1.
7
Table 5. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures,
selected years
Average number of separations
Measure
1996
1
Total .........................................................................
1997
1998
1999
2000
208
202
210
203
208
Total, private ........................................................................
206
199
207
200
204
Agriculture ........................................................................
Nonagriculture ...................................................................
Manufacturing ................................................................
Durable goods ............................................................
Nondurable goods ......................................................
257
199
183
191
176
172
203
190
187
191
226
204
231
275
181
212
198
205
204
207
226
200
199
205
193
Nonmanufacturing .........................................................
Mining .........................................................................
Construction ................................................................
Transportation and public utilities ................................
Wholesale and retail trade ...........................................
Wholesale trade ......................................................
Retail trade ..............................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate ............................
Services .......................................................................
211
132
143
204
262
148
290
234
237
211
167
153
230
242
129
271
190
243
185
151
145
231
198
152
212
210
193
194
181
147
210
257
161
291
197
194
200
129
145
178
262
162
302
257
214
Not identified .....................................................................
156
256
131
109
166
Government .........................................................................
240
255
270
262
326
Automation ..........................................................................
Bankruptcy ...........................................................................
Business ownership change ................................................
Contract cancellation ...........................................................
Contract completion .............................................................
Domestic relocation .............................................................
Energy-related……………………………………………………
Environment-related……………………………………………
Financial difficulty ................................................................
Import competition ...............................................................
Labor dispute .......................................................................
Material shortage .................................................................
395
207
288
221
232
149
–
157
225
191
446
134
239
270
203
195
244
200
–
108
264
193
506
116
234
302
237
192
203
179
171
220
225
205
781
272
(2 )
464
302
156
177
177
122
261
244
278
559
183
(2 )
354
264
164
204
163
249
163
203
213
612
155
Model changeover ...............................................................
Natural disaster ...................................................................
Overseas relocation .............................................................
Plant or machine repair .......................................................
Product line discontinued ....................................................
Reorganization within company ...........................................
Seasonal work .....................................................................
Slack work ...........................................................................
Vacation period ....................................................................
Weather-related ...................................................................
Other ....................................................................................
Not reported .........................................................................
378
225
166
225
174
204
227
139
173
104
213
157
394
180
275
125
211
165
209
141
150
137
194
143
680
190
251
225
157
189
205
195
240
103
165
167
248
(2 )
167
117
156
210
209
136
235
120
175
162
266
(2 )
211
163
157
248
210
160
163
96
183
188
240
210
215
257
202
210
226
216
207
271
193
233
242
202
217
Industry
Reason for separation
Other selected measures
Worksite closures………………………………………………
Recall expected…………………………………………………
No recall expected………………………………………………
1
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
8
Table 6. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance
State
Layoff events
1999
2000
Total1 ..............................
5,675
5,622
Alabama ....................................
Alaska .......................................
Arizona ......................................
Arkansas ...................................
California ...................................
Colorado ....................................
Connecticut ...............................
Delaware ...................................
District of Columbia ...................
Florida .......................................
Georgia .....................................
Hawaii .......................................
Idaho .........................................
82
19
68
27
1,490
23
33
2
( )
4
209
54
49
39
Illinois ........................................
Indiana ......................................
Iowa ...........................................
Kansas ......................................
Kentucky ...................................
Louisiana ...................................
Maine ........................................
Maryland ...................................
Massachusetts ..........................
Michigan ....................................
Minnesota ..................................
Mississippi .................................
Missouri .....................................
Percent of total
Total
initial
claimants
Black
Persons aged 55
and older
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
972,244 1,016,932
13.6
13.9
25.3
24.9
41.8
42.0
13.2
13.2
63
22
99
22
1,323
40
36
2
( )
3
293
35
19
37
11,589
2,341
12,716
4,703
252,382
2,347
5,213
2
( )
558
28,031
7,907
5,356
4,142
10,058
2,783
17,334
3,689
230,590
5,089
5,218
2
( )
1,200
48,681
5,268
2,052
3,748
40.1
2.6
1.5
30.2
4.6
4.4
12.2
18.2
63.8
27.7
54.5
1.1
.2
33.9
2.5
1.8
28.3
5.3
4.0
15.7
22.2
53.9
25.3
49.4
.8
.2
.2
10.6
67.4
1.7
58.4
31.2
7.0
2.3
4.5
29.4
2.0
.9
28.2
.4
9.3
67.7
2.5
64.3
27.0
8.9
13.3
3.0
25.8
3.5
1.2
18.8
45.7
32.4
29.2
62.5
39.5
36.3
52.3
39.8
34.6
47.3
62.0
35.6
42.8
45.0
37.6
42.1
51.9
45.5
39.2
48.9
64.4
49.8
45.5
56.8
25.5
31.7
14.1
14.2
12.7
9.6
10.9
12.7
18.2
19.3
8.2
20.7
12.0
16.8
12.9
16.0
12.9
12.3
11.6
11.3
11.0
14.9
31.1
9.1
17.8
11.9
20.5
11.8
429
80
45
32
33
50
30
29
124
384
128
23
70
480
97
68
23
81
38
20
18
130
358
129
48
44
75,851
11,940
8,140
5,490
3,082
9,291
4,462
3,165
21,050
63,535
18,293
2,816
9,544
82,834
17,902
11,224
2,961
11,487
5,166
3,212
2,409
29,904
66,527
19,307
5,604
5,177
20.7
12.3
2.0
11.1
6.7
37.4
.3
40.2
9.0
17.3
1.9
67.3
15.3
21.0
10.4
1.0
10.2
7.4
40.2
.3
44.1
6.5
17.8
3.6
60.5
15.0
12.1
3.6
4.6
5.8
.3
2.1
.5
1.4
10.0
5.1
3.9
.4
1.6
13.1
3.2
2.4
6.2
.2
1.7
.2
.4
7.8
5.8
4.6
.8
1.2
37.2
34.7
27.8
39.7
41.2
29.2
35.1
43.3
58.5
39.6
32.6
63.5
58.4
38.5
34.5
28.0
34.3
39.6
30.9
49.7
26.0
52.5
38.6
26.9
57.9
46.7
12.7
14.3
11.6
11.7
11.4
11.1
11.9
23.9
19.8
10.7
13.6
8.2
15.5
12.1
11.4
12.9
12.0
12.7
9.9
13.0
21.5
17.0
9.7
13.5
8.0
17.9
Montana ....................................
Nebraska ...................................
Nevada ......................................
New Hampshire .........................
New Jersey ...............................
New Mexico ...............................
New York ...................................
North Carolina ...........................
North Dakota .............................
Ohio ...........................................
Oklahoma ..................................
Oregon ......................................
Pennsylvania .............................
13
(2)
55
5
146
25
201
91
3
298
27
79
294
17
7
31
10
170
19
213
110
4
328
17
73
227
1,208
(2)
6,929
517
24,389
3,175
31,552
14,189
702
44,706
4,948
9,896
76,439
2,416
741
4,297
954
28,495
1,915
35,148
15,886
516
60,397
3,826
18,405
65,000
.4
46.9
8.9
.2
20.5
1.5
16.1
46.8
5.0
12.7
12.0
2.0
8.5
.5
18.2
10.9
.2
21.3
1.6
16.1
44.6
.8
13.4
14.2
4.6
7.3
1.9
22.9
21.6
.6
20.0
57.3
9.7
1.1
2.7
2.3
2.2
19.8
1.5
1.5
9.6
19.6
1.0
19.6
55.8
14.1
2.2
4.5
2.3
4.2
16.5
1.7
19.8
65.6
22.0
32.1
57.4
41.7
55.3
54.6
21.7
36.0
50.6
55.5
48.6
27.3
51.1
40.2
44.9
60.0
46.1
52.6
48.4
28.7
28.0
27.6
31.2
40.9
14.7
4.2
14.5
18.6
22.1
14.1
17.7
14.3
6.3
12.1
10.8
15.7
17.0
15.4
8.8
18.6
19.2
23.6
12.2
15.7
12.4
9.3
12.9
13.7
12.1
16.8
Rhode Island .............................
South Carolina ..........................
South Dakota ............................
Tennessee ................................
Texas ........................................
Utah ...........................................
Vermont .....................................
Virginia ......................................
Washington ...............................
West Virginia .............................
Wisconsin ..................................
Wyoming ...................................
12
55
( )
38
413
24
3
71
85
5
171
3
11
33
( )
85
342
26
9
70
103
12
176
–
1,240
12,763
(2)
7,061
91,156
2,837
431
11,709
19,516
662
31,469
276
1,755
8,118
(2)
16,038
76,979
3,002
1,270
11,212
20,360
1,247
39,106
–
3.1
57.4
–
22.8
15.0
1.0
.2
43.3
3.1
2.1
8.1
.4
2.8
54.6
.3
21.5
19.8
.7
.6
37.9
3.0
.1
8.1
–
10.2
.6
–
.7
42.7
9.0
.2
.8
23.6
–
5.8
18.5
2.7
.5
–
.6
40.6
10.3
.2
.9
24.9
–
6.9
–
54.8
62.8
66.5
67.2
33.2
23.7
29.9
62.0
34.9
19.9
35.5
19.9
60.6
61.6
68.7
57.0
38.6
30.1
40.4
54.2
34.4
46.8
37.6
–
19.4
2.0
15.9
15.6
11.3
7.8
24.8
13.3
12.9
11.3
14.1
13.8
18.2
3.1
17.0
16.8
11.7
7.1
14.6
13.5
11.9
15.4
13.7
–
Puerto Rico ...............................
63
61
11,077
11,188
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
53.8
52.4
9.8
6.5
2
2000
Women
1999
2
1999
Hispanic
origin
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
3
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
9
Data are not available.
Table 7. Claimant characteristics by race and ethnicity: Percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Percent of total race/ethnicity
Measure
White
Hispanic
origin
Black
1
American Indian or
Alaskan Native
Asian or Pacific
Islander
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
53.5
53.5
13.6
13.9
25.3
24.9
0.7
0.8
1.9
1.8
Total, private ...............................................
Agriculture ...............................................
Nonagriculture ..........................................
Manufacturing .......................................
53.9
4.3
62.5
61.4
54.0
4.4
61.6
63.0
12.7
2.6
14.4
13.9
13.0
2.5
14.6
12.9
25.9
86.2
15.4
16.8
25.5
85.8
16.2
16.2
.7
.1
.8
.6
.7
.1
.8
.6
1.9
1.2
2.1
2.7
1.9
1.1
2.0
2.7
Nonmanufacturing ................................
Mining ................................................
Construction .......................................
Transportation and public utilities .......
Wholesale and retail trade .................
Wholesale trade .............................
Retail trade .....................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...
Services ..............................................
63.3
71.6
74.3
66.3
59.8
46.7
62.5
55.8
56.8
60.6
85.4
77.9
64.1
57.6
47.9
59.7
51.8
50.6
14.7
4.5
7.3
16.9
16.6
9.1
18.1
20.7
18.5
15.9
3.8
6.4
17.8
16.6
9.9
18.1
22.4
20.4
14.5
18.5
15.1
7.7
16.4
34.9
12.5
11.1
15.0
16.1
4.7
12.3
9.9
18.0
34.0
14.5
13.1
20.1
.9
.6
.8
.6
.4
.5
.4
.4
1.6
1.0
1.4
.6
.6
.8
.6
.8
.5
1.5
1.6
.6
.8
1.5
1.5
2.9
1.2
3.0
2.2
1.5
.5
.5
1.2
1.7
3.6
1.3
3.2
1.8
Not identified ...........................................
67.0
66.9
23.3
18.3
4.4
5.6
3.4
1.0
.5
2.1
Government ................................................
43.0
43.8
35.8
33.9
9.8
11.1
1.2
3.4
.9
.9
Automation .................................................
Bankruptcy ..................................................
Business ownership change .......................
Contract cancellation ..................................
Contract completion ...................................
Domestic relocation ....................................
Energy-related…………………………………
Environment-related…………………………
Financial difficulty .......................................
Import competition ......................................
Labor dispute ..............................................
Material shortage ........................................
59.2
63.4
59.0
60.1
60.7
53.5
51.6
66.8
61.0
67.3
70.9
90.2
57.0
62.6
49.4
56.2
55.4
45.7
78.3
67.3
54.1
59.6
87.3
64.5
23.5
15.7
16.1
18.4
13.8
23.4
11.4
8.4
13.5
22.9
25.2
1.1
15.0
16.5
12.4
17.6
18.7
18.7
5.9
10.3
16.1
32.6
6.5
2.8
4.6
12.3
17.0
12.9
18.6
11.9
31.7
23.7
15.4
7.2
2.4
3.5
14.5
14.4
25.7
17.5
20.3
21.2
7.6
20.2
18.9
2.6
2.2
24.2
12.1
1.3
.4
1.6
1.4
.5
.7
.1
.5
.8
.3
3.2
3.4
.5
.4
1.0
1.1
.7
.9
.6
.6
.6
.2
.4
.4
2.0
2.3
2.4
1.1
4.2
3.0
.1
2.7
.9
.3
.3
6.5
1.9
4.0
1.9
1.3
3.3
1.2
.1
3.1
1.5
.6
1.8
Model changeover ......................................
Natural disaster ..........................................
Overseas relocation ...................................
Plant or machine repair ..............................
Product line discontinued ...........................
Reorganization within company ..................
Seasonal work ............................................
Slack work ..................................................
Vacation period ..........................................
Weather-related ..........................................
Other ...........................................................
Not reported ................................................
69.9
8.1
59.6
52.6
71.9
58.8
40.5
65.0
61.8
49.7
50.4
70.0
29.9
13.0
71.5
75.8
53.2
59.9
41.4
69.7
45.4
75.3
50.9
70.7
7.0
48.1
25.8
6.3
15.0
15.7
11.2
13.6
19.1
5.4
15.0
16.6
16.6
–
15.2
11.9
16.9
16.7
10.3
12.4
14.3
4.1
20.4
19.0
7.3
43.5
4.8
35.2
5.8
14.5
41.2
12.3
12.9
39.6
25.2
7.5
5.5
1.0
7.7
7.5
7.3
13.6
40.9
11.1
31.5
15.1
19.7
5.4
.5
5.4
.3
1.7
2.1
1.3
3.1
1.1
3.6
1.8
.3
3.6
2.5
3.6
82.0
2.4
.8
5.4
2.9
1.2
2.4
1.7
.2
1.9
2.4
2
Total ...............................................
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
Characteristic totals may not add to 100.0 percent due to some nonreporting.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
10
.3
–
–
.4
.2
.7
.6
.6
.5
.8
.5
1.0
.5
.4
.3
.6
.8
.9
.8
1.1
.7
.5
.5
Table 8. Claimant characteristics by age and gender: Percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Percent of total by age
Measure
Less than 30 years
30-44
1
1
Percent of total by gender
45-54
55 or older
Men
Women
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
20.4
20.6
41.9
41.1
22.4
23.4
13.2
13.2
57.9
57.5
41.8
42.0
Total, private .............................................
Agriculture ..............................................
Nonagriculture .........................................
Manufacturing .....................................
20.4
25.0
19.6
16.5
20.7
24.1
20.2
16.4
41.9
46.0
41.3
41.1
41.2
45.3
40.5
40.4
22.5
18.2
23.2
25.6
23.4
19.1
24.0
27.1
13.1
10.7
13.6
13.7
13.1
11.2
13.4
13.8
58.6
67.1
57.2
55.8
58.4
66.2
57.1
60.1
41.1
32.8
42.6
43.9
41.2
33.6
42.4
39.5
Nonmanufacturing ...............................
Mining ..............................................
Construction ......................................
Transportation and public utilities ....
Wholesale and retail trade ................
Wholesale trade ............................
Retail trade ....................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate ..
Services ............................................
21.6
17.4
20.5
14.7
23.5
18.0
24.7
24.4
23.4
23.1
16.1
20.3
15.9
26.4
18.4
28.1
26.8
24.9
41.4
39.8
44.2
37.9
37.7
42.6
36.7
40.1
42.8
40.6
39.8
44.1
38.7
37.4
43.5
36.0
41.2
40.7
21.6
29.9
23.0
23.9
20.4
23.9
19.7
21.4
19.9
21.6
29.3
23.2
24.1
20.6
24.2
19.8
20.0
20.5
13.5
11.8
11.7
20.1
15.6
13.8
15.9
11.3
12.3
13.1
14.4
11.1
18.5
14.4
12.7
14.8
10.5
12.1
58.1
88.8
93.3
48.7
38.0
51.5
35.1
32.5
47.5
54.9
92.1
92.8
50.4
38.7
56.6
34.8
31.2
43.5
41.7
11.1
6.4
50.7
61.6
47.7
64.6
67.3
52.3
44.5
7.0
6.5
49.1
60.9
43.2
64.7
68.6
55.8
Not identified ..........................................
19.5
23.1
36.7
44.1
17.8
22.6
7.3
9.9
53.8
59.9
46.0
40.0
Government ..............................................
20.3
18.8
40.8
39.0
21.8
23.4
13.8
15.3
39.8
37.6
58.9
61.8
Automation ................................................
Bankruptcy ................................................
Business ownership change .....................
Contract cancellation ................................
Contract completion ..................................
Domestic relocation ..................................
Energy-related………………………………
Environment-related…………………………
Financial difficulty ......................................
Import competition ....................................
Labor dispute ............................................
Material shortage ......................................
22.4
22.3
17.9
23.6
22.3
17.5
26.1
12.5
20.4
13.6
14.3
15.0
12.8
20.7
17.4
23.4
23.8
26.6
23.6
24.5
20.3
13.9
14.3
18.1
42.1
39.0
40.5
41.3
43.8
37.2
43.8
26.8
40.4
40.4
44.8
37.9
41.4
38.4
41.0
41.6
41.6
41.5
41.9
31.6
39.3
37.1
40.3
49.6
23.0
21.6
25.8
21.2
21.6
27.9
20.0
35.9
22.8
27.8
26.9
35.4
26.8
24.1
25.3
22.2
21.6
21.9
24.7
20.9
24.0
26.6
32.5
21.9
12.5
14.4
14.5
12.8
11.3
17.1
9.9
24.3
13.7
15.3
14.1
11.5
19.0
16.2
15.7
11.2
11.3
9.8
9.7
22.8
14.5
14.3
12.7
10.2
38.6
45.4
54.3
50.5
74.4
42.2
87.5
91.0
59.1
43.3
81.7
73.3
45.9
52.6
48.6
57.8
67.2
43.6
82.1
78.7
54.2
40.8
61.4
56.2
60.7
54.6
45.5
49.4
25.2
57.7
12.4
8.5
40.6
56.7
18.1
26.0
54.1
47.3
51.1
42.0
31.7
56.4
17.8
21.3
45.5
59.1
38.4
43.6
Model changeover ....................................
Natural disaster .........................................
Overseas relocation ..................................
Plant or machine repair .............................
Product line discontinued ..........................
Reorganization within company ................
Seasonal work ..........................................
Slack work ................................................
Vacation period .........................................
Weather-related ........................................
Other .........................................................
Not reported ..............................................
24.4
20.5
15.8
19.0
13.5
18.7
21.4
17.5
15.1
23.9
19.7
23.1
8.8
6.0
11.4
13.2
14.9
20.1
20.7
19.3
16.7
21.3
22.0
22.3
39.6
44.7
38.5
45.6
42.1
42.1
42.2
39.6
42.4
46.8
42.0
43.0
35.4
36.0
41.7
42.1
38.3
41.1
41.7
39.0
42.8
47.2
39.7
44.4
22.5
22.0
26.9
24.2
27.1
24.9
20.7
24.5
23.1
19.3
22.8
21.9
39.3
27.0
29.7
27.5
31.7
25.2
21.6
26.6
23.8
21.3
22.5
22.4
13.4
12.7
14.0
11.3
14.5
13.2
13.9
12.4
19.3
10.0
11.0
10.6
15.8
31.0
16.2
16.5
13.5
12.5
14.3
12.0
16.5
9.9
13.5
9.8
39.3
51.2
31.6
63.3
55.2
54.0
56.3
56.9
25.3
75.9
53.6
53.7
76.3
61.0
42.8
55.8
56.9
50.4
56.3
64.7
24.0
88.8
50.2
57.3
60.7
48.8
68.1
36.6
44.6
45.7
43.4
42.6
74.1
23.9
46.2
46.2
23.4
39.0
57.0
43.3
42.9
49.2
43.4
34.5
76.0
10.3
49.4
42.6
2
Total ..............................................
Industry
Reason for layoff
1
Characteristic totals may not add to 100.0 percent due to some nonreporting.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
11
Table 9. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events in 2000, by State
Continued claims without earnings1
State
Total2……………………………………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Final payments for unemployment
1
insurance
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,016,932
1,840,950
1.8
137,177
13.5
Alabama…………………………………………………………
Alaska……………………………………………………………
Arizona…………………………………………………………
Arkansas………………………………………………………
California………………………………………………………
Colorado………………………………………………………
Connecticut……………………………………………………
Delaware………………………………………………………
District of Columbia……………………………………………
Florida…………………………………………………………
Georgia…………………………………………………………
Hawaii……………………………………………………………
Idaho……………………………………………………………
10,058
2,783
17,334
3,689
230,590
5,089
5,218
(3)
1,200
48,681
5,268
2,052
3,748
32,182
2,545
36,773
5,670
496,854
8,467
6,001
(3)
2,565
99,057
13,706
2,183
5,428
3.2
.9
2.1
1.5
2.2
1.7
1.2
.8
2.1
2.0
2.6
1.1
1.4
2,672
30
5,013
323
40,849
360
637
(3)
69
11,275
1,148
126
436
26.6
1.1
28.9
8.8
17.7
7.1
12.2
1.1
5.8
23.2
21.8
6.1
11.6
Illinois……………………………………………………………
Indiana…………………………………………………………
Iowa……………………………………………………………
Kansas…………………………………………………………
Kentucky………………………………………………………
Louisiana………………………………………………………
Maine……………………………………………………………
Maryland………………………………………………………
Massachusetts…………………………………………………
Michigan…………………………………………………………
Minnesota………………………………………………………
Mississippi………………………………………………………
Missouri…………………………………………………………
82,834
17,902
11,224
2,961
11,487
5,166
3,212
2,409
29,904
66,527
19,307
5,604
5,177
181,402
34,188
22,896
6,456
5,069
8,707
3,310
6,042
34,586
93,459
33,113
6,439
13,589
2.2
1.9
2.0
2.2
.4
1.7
1.0
2.5
1.2
1.4
1.7
1.1
2.6
9,621
2,187
943
281
1,390
809
426
338
2,084
4,799
2,300
36
915
11.6
12.2
8.4
9.5
12.1
15.7
13.3
14.0
7.0
7.2
11.9
.6
17.7
Montana…………………………………………………………
Nebraska………………………………………………………
Nevada ..............................................................................
New Hampshire .................................................................
New Jersey ........................................................................
New Mexico .......................................................................
New York………………………………………………………
North Carolina…………………………………………………
North Dakota……………………………………………………
Ohio……………………………………………………………
Oklahoma………………………………………………………
Oregon…………………………………………………………
Pennsylvania……………………………………………………
2,416
741
4,297
954
28,495
1,915
35,148
15,886
516
60,397
3,826
18,405
65,000
4,542
313
9,985
1,456
64,763
4,787
67,095
43,938
1,027
45,784
6,519
20,234
86,582
1.9
.4
2.3
1.5
2.3
2.5
1.9
2.8
2.0
.8
1.7
1.1
1.3
453
2
655
22
4,521
257
3,286
2,666
73
4,424
449
1,183
4,267
18.8
.3
15.2
2.3
15.9
13.4
9.3
16.8
14.1
7.3
11.7
6.4
6.6
Rhode Island……………………………………………………
South Carolina…………………………………………………
South Dakota…………………………………………………
Tennessee………………………………………………………
Texas……………………………………………………………
Utah……………………………………………………………
Vermont ………………………………………………………
Virginia…………………………………………………………
Washington……………………………………………………
West Virginia……………………………………………………
Wisconsin………………………………………………………
Wyoming………………………………………………………
1,755
8,118
( )
16,038
76,979
3,002
1,270
11,212
20,360
1,247
39,106
–
3,979
10,003
3
( )
46,522
128,660
6,086
2,423
21,414
36,543
4,932
61,738
–
2.3
1.2
2.6
2.9
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
4.0
1.6
–
76
789
( )
3,784
13,896
272
268
1,486
1,771
42
3,459
–
4.3
9.7
2.4
23.6
18.1
9.1
21.1
13.3
8.7
3.4
8.8
–
11,188
31,232
2.8
1,520
13.6
Puerto Rico……………………………………………………
3
3
employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is
collected weekly. See the Technical Note for additional information.
1
The MLS program tracks continued claim activity for initial
claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during
the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually
the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with
earnings are excluded because such individuals are classified as
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
12
Table 10. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events in 2000, by industry and
reason for layoff
Continued claims without earnings
Measure
Total2……………………………………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
1
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Final payments for unemployment
insurance1
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
1,016,932
1,840,950
1.8
137,177
13.5
974,478
131,257
837,757
365,531
1,761,969
344,935
1,407,532
619,115
1.8
2.6
1.7
1.7
130,476
33,628
96,266
45,145
13.4
25.6
11.5
12.4
472,226
5,450
110,858
55,730
100,648
17,944
82,704
20,313
179,227
788,417
9,387
177,167
80,527
168,263
38,365
129,898
52,313
300,760
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.7
2.1
1.6
2.6
1.7
51,121
435
8,200
3,862
11,588
3,335
8,253
4,142
22,894
10.8
8.0
7.4
6.9
11.5
18.6
10.0
20.4
12.8
Not identified ..................................................................
5,464
9,502
1.7
582
10.7
Government ......................................................................
42,454
78,981
1.9
6,701
15.8
Automation ........................................................................
Bankruptcy ........................................................................
Business ownership change .............................................
Contract cancellation .........................................................
Contract completion ..........................................................
Domestic relocation ...........................................................
Energy-related…………………………………………………
Environment-related……………………………………………
Financial difficulty ..............................................................
Import competition .............................................................
Labor dispute ....................................................................
Material shortage ..............................................................
Model changeover .............................................................
(3)
27,440
16,830
13,694
130,269
13,749
1,731
890
48,279
10,115
16,407
924
3,484
(3)
58,887
41,595
26,551
187,737
31,562
4,555
2,435
112,142
23,222
12,464
1,057
3,064
3.2
2.1
2.5
1.9
1.4
2.3
2.6
2.7
2.3
2.3
.8
1.1
.9
(3)
4,251
3,263
2,197
16,256
2,640
140
216
7,764
1,858
315
68
218
43.7
15.5
19.4
16.0
12.5
19.2
8.1
24.3
16.1
18.4
1.9
7.4
6.3
Natural disaster .................................................................
Overseas relocation ..........................................................
Plant or machine repair .....................................................
Product line discontinued ..................................................
Reorganization within company ........................................
Seasonal work ...................................................................
Slack work .........................................................................
Vacation period .................................................................
Weather-related ................................................................
Other .................................................................................
Not reported ......................................................................
(3)
8,339
2,538
6,141
87,210
393,796
136,497
12,487
7,294
27,103
50,827
(3)
22,809
3,748
11,106
191,447
782,890
175,968
19,554
9,853
46,977
68,819
.2
2.7
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.0
1.3
1.6
1.4
1.7
1.4
(3)
2,034
282
782
16,108
59,114
9,929
995
335
3,730
4,333
5.0
24.4
11.1
12.7
18.5
15.0
7.3
8.0
4.6
13.8
8.5
Industry
Total, private .....................................................................
Agriculture ......................................................................
Nonagriculture .................................................................
Manufacturing .............................................................
Nonmanufacturing .......................................................
Mining .......................................................................
Construction ..............................................................
Transportation and public utilities .............................
Wholesale and retail trade ........................................
Wholesale trade ....................................................
Retail trade ............................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate……………………
Services ....................................................................
Reason for layoff
1
The MLS program tracks continued claim activity for initial
claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during
the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually
the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with
earnings are excluded because such individuals are classified as
employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is
collected weekly. See the Technical Note for additional information.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
13
Table 11. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, 2000
Initial claims for unemployment
insurance
Final payments for unemployment
insurance1
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
1,016,932
137,159
13.5
209,841
417,712
237,615
134,046
17,718
26,711
55,752
31,202
21,786
1,708
12.7
13.3
13.1
16.3
9.6
Male………………………………………
Female……………………………………
Not available ……………………………
584,853
427,337
4,742
70,867
65,939
353
12.1
15.4
7.4
Race/ethnicity
White………………………………………
Black ……………………………………
Hispanic origin …………………………
American Indian or Alaskan Native ……
Asian or Pacific Islander ………………
Not available ……………………………
544,361
140,929
253,226
8,214
18,659
51,543
52,559
23,227
52,198
930
2,237
6,008
9.7
16.5
20.6
11.3
12.0
11.7
Characteristic
Total2 …………………………………
Age
Under 30 years of age …………………
30-44 ……………………………………
45-54 ……………………………………
55 years of age or older ………………
Not available ……………………………
Gender
1
2
Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. See the Technical Note for additional information.
See footnote 1, table 1.
14
Table 12. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
1998
1999
2000
1998
United States1 ..............................
5,851
5,675
5,622
1,227,573
1,149,267
1,169,438
1,232,384
972,244
1,016,932
Northeast ...............................................
1,049
848
826
180,391
169,040
158,857
199,544
165,293
170,956
New England .....................................
Middle Atlantic ...................................
187
862
207
641
216
610
38,255
142,136
57,185
111,855
63,306
95,551
31,651
167,893
32,913
132,380
42,313
128,643
South .....................................................
1,306
1,212
1,271
268,198
229,203
244,720
231,385
213,718
226,958
South Atlantic ....................................
East South Central ............................
West South Central ...........................
657
178
471
519
176
517
575
277
419
135,607
33,547
99,044
107,574
28,885
92,744
117,803
46,027
80,890
94,268
26,498
110,619
79,072
24,548
110,098
94,111
43,187
89,660
Midwest .................................................
1,604
1,643
1,716
403,106
305,299
347,443
386,718
270,112
307,027
East North Central .............................
West North Central ............................
1,295
309
1,362
281
1,439
277
343,393
59,713
255,064
50,235
300,006
47,437
334,284
52,434
227,501
42,611
266,766
40,261
West ......................................................
1,892
1,972
1,809
375,878
445,725
418,418
414,737
323,121
311,991
Mountain ............................................
Pacific ................................................
256
1,636
250
1,722
269
1,540
41,603
334,275
54,902
390,823
54,811
363,607
38,260
376,477
33,630
289,491
37,801
274,190
1
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
sissippi, and Tennessee; West South Central: Arkansas, Louisiana,
Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,
and Wisconsin; West North Central: Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri,
Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain: Arizona, Colorado,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific:
Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington.
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: The States (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the
census divisions are: New England: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic: New Jersey,
New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic: Delaware, District of
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central: Alabama, Kentucky, Mis-
15
Table 13. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance
Layoff events
Initial claimants for unemployment
insurance
Separations
State
1998
1
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
1998
1999
2000
Total ...............................................
5,851
5,675
5,622
1,227,573
1,149,267
1,169,438
1,232,384
972,244
1,016,932
Alabama .....................................................
Alaska .........................................................
Arizona .......................................................
Arkansas ....................................................
California ....................................................
Colorado .....................................................
Connecticut ................................................
Delaware ....................................................
District of Columbia ....................................
Florida .........................................................
Georgia .......................................................
Hawaii .........................................................
Idaho ...........................................................
67
22
74
32
1,428
31
27
(2)
2
( )
303
85
37
45
82
19
68
27
1,490
23
33
(2)
4
209
54
49
39
63
22
99
22
1,323
40
36
(2)
3
293
35
19
37
13,269
9,297
11,663
6,154
292,436
4,163
6,521
(2)
2
( )
64,168
20,234
4,678
6,428
13,359
13,209
24,350
5,909
336,325
3,455
12,573
(2)
558
39,249
10,383
4,896
4,884
10,632
4,520
22,002
3,889
316,299
10,122
9,324
(2)
1,200
53,721
11,303
1,997
4,802
12,107
2,792
14,141
5,055
347,410
3,814
4,344
(2)
2
( )
39,996
14,940
4,605
4,687
11,589
2,341
12,716
4,703
252,382
2,347
5,213
(2)
558
28,031
7,907
5,356
4,142
10,058
2,783
17,334
3,689
230,590
5,089
5,218
(2)
1,200
48,681
5,268
2,052
3,748
Illinois ..........................................................
Indiana ........................................................
Iowa ............................................................
Kansas .......................................................
Kentucky .....................................................
Louisiana ....................................................
Maine ..........................................................
Maryland .....................................................
Massachusetts ............................................
Michigan .....................................................
Minnesota ...................................................
Mississippi ..................................................
Missouri ......................................................
418
109
32
12
38
52
41
27
100
245
115
43
147
429
80
45
32
33
50
30
29
124
384
128
23
70
480
97
68
23
81
38
20
18
130
358
129
48
44
96,883
29,923
2,831
4,052
7,704
11,738
7,721
6,013
20,350
65,941
18,470
8,120
32,585
102,593
15,071
8,184
7,179
5,574
9,953
7,229
3,447
33,975
54,549
21,747
4,556
11,754
116,985
17,923
9,468
3,473
15,544
4,948
10,950
3,091
37,362
58,255
25,662
9,681
7,306
77,762
27,679
3,461
4,704
5,253
10,682
6,204
5,023
18,391
101,435
16,101
4,687
27,529
75,851
11,940
8,140
5,490
3,082
9,291
4,462
3,165
21,050
63,535
18,293
2,816
9,544
82,834
17,902
11,224
2,961
11,487
5,166
3,212
2,409
29,904
66,527
19,307
5,604
5,177
Montana ......................................................
Nebraska ....................................................
Nevada .......................................................
New Hampshire ..........................................
New Jersey .................................................
New Mexico ................................................
New York ....................................................
North Carolina ............................................
North Dakota ..............................................
Ohio ............................................................
Oklahoma ...................................................
Oregon ........................................................
Pennsylvania ..............................................
15
(2)
35
10
223
33
272
89
–
338
34
60
367
13
(2)
55
5
146
25
201
91
3
298
27
79
294
17
7
31
10
170
19
213
110
4
328
17
73
227
2,032
(2)
6,672
2,228
41,446
6,624
46,267
20,887
–
102,181
7,567
9,658
54,423
1,202
(2)
8,578
510
25,783
4,843
40,803
21,734
895
48,489
4,969
13,493
45,269
2,207
841
5,050
1,629
24,027
3,846
33,198
27,823
516
57,859
3,971
18,422
38,326
1,945
(2)
6,245
1,569
34,280
3,977
44,669
12,621
–
83,424
10,100
8,824
88,944
1,208
(2)
6,929
517
24,389
3,175
31,552
14,189
702
44,706
4,948
9,896
76,439
2,416
741
4,297
954
28,495
1,915
35,148
15,886
516
60,397
3,826
18,405
65,000
Rhode Island ..............................................
South Carolina ............................................
South Dakota ..............................................
Tennessee ..................................................
Texas ..........................................................
Utah ............................................................
Vermont ......................................................
Virginia .......................................................
Washington ................................................
West Virginia ..............................................
Wisconsin ...................................................
Wyoming ....................................................
9
45
( )
30
353
22
–
78
89
26
185
(2)
12
55
( )
38
413
24
3
71
85
5
171
3
11
33
( )
85
342
26
9
70
103
12
176
–
1,435
4,625
(2)
4,454
73,585
3,916
–
16,271
18,206
2,879
48,465
(2)
2,467
6,203
(2)
5,396
71,913
6,479
431
24,716
22,900
1,196
34,362
1,111
2,886
4,266
(2)
10,170
68,082
6,782
1,155
14,863
22,369
1,446
48,984
–
1,143
6,295
(2)
4,451
84,782
3,346
–
11,472
12,846
2,860
43,984
(2)
1,240
12,763
(2)
7,061
91,156
2,837
431
11,709
19,516
662
31,469
276
1,755
8,118
(2)
16,038
76,979
3,002
1,270
11,212
20,360
1,247
39,106
–
Puerto Rico .................................................
73
63
61
17,878
9,881
11,751
14,828
11,077
11,188
1
2
2
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
16
Table 14. Top 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas: Number of extended mass layoff events and
separations, 2000
Metropolitan Statistical Area
Events
2
Separations
Rank1
Total, 337 Metropolitan Statistical Areas ………………
3,563
706,697
…
Total, top 50 Metropolitan Statistical Areas…………………
2,275
501,981
…
Atlanta, GA ………………………………………………………
Bakersfield, CA …………………………………………………
Boston, MA-NH …………………………………………………
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC …………………………
Chicago, IL ………………………………………………………
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN …………………………………………
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH ……………………………………
Dallas, TX ………………………………………………………
Detroit, MI ………………………………………………………
El Paso, TX ………………………………………………………
10
111
39
19
226
24
28
46
133
29
6,557
21,990
7,152
10,794
52,156
4,911
5,099
16,187
24,531
4,140
24
5
22
14
1
31
30
9
4
37
Flint, MI …………………………………………………………
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX ………………………………………
Fresno, CA ………………………………………………………
Grand Rapids-Muskegon-Holland, MI …………………………
Houston, TX ……………………………………………………
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL ……………………………………
Las Vegas, NV-AZ ………………………………………………
Lawrence, MA-NH ………………………………………………
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA …………………………………
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX …………………………………
21
17
169
41
102
21
24
2
( )
128
29
3,340
3,533
40,883
7,064
20,234
3,769
3,837
(2)
29,532
6,552
48
47
2
23
7
42
41
43
3
25
Merced, CA ………………………………………………………
Miami, FL …………………………………………………………
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI ……………………………………
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI …………………………………
Modesto, CA ……………………………………………………
Nassau-Suffolk, NY ……………………………………………
New York, NY ……………………………………………………
Newark, NJ ………………………………………………………
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News, VA-NC ………………
Oakland, CA ……………………………………………………
16
35
26
54
35
26
92
36
18
23
3,281
5,879
12,092
7,645
8,550
4,612
12,450
4,786
4,715
3,588
50
27
13
19
17
34
12
32
33
45
Orange County, CA ……………………………………………
Philadelphia, PA-NJ ……………………………………………
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ ………………………………………………
Portland, ME ……………………………………………………
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA …………………………………
Sacramento, CA …………………………………………………
Salinas, CA ………………………………………………………
San Antonio, TX …………………………………………………
San Diego, CA …………………………………………………
San Francisco, CA ………………………………………………
26
44
28
(2)
75
25
88
23
22
25
5,628
4,031
3,689
(2)
20,636
8,951
18,624
4,051
5,218
3,581
28
39
44
21
6
16
8
38
29
46
San Jose, CA ……………………………………………………
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA …………………………………
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA …………………………………
St. Louis, MO-IL …………………………………………………
Stockton-Lodi, CA ………………………………………………
Ventura, CA ……………………………………………………
Visalia-Tulare-Porterville, CA …………………………………
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL ……………………………
Yakima, WA ……………………………………………………
Yuma, AZ ………………………………………………………
17
17
24
19
42
24
84
31
22
50
4,505
4,330
7,282
6,297
8,189
3,295
14,400
8,988
3,930
15,481
35
36
20
26
18
49
11
15
40
10
1
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of
separations.
itan areas shown in this table are defined in Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 1999 , U.S. Office of Management and Budget, June 1999.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropol-
17
Chart 1. Index of mass-layoff separations, 2000
Mountain
East North Central
West North Central
New England
WASH.
MAINE
N.D.
MONT.
ORE.
VT.
Middle
Atlantic
MINN.
IDAHO
N.H.
MASS.
WIS.
S.D.
N.Y.
MICH.
R.I.
CONN.
WYO.
IOWA
PA.
NEB.
OHIO
NEV.
ILL.
IND.
UTAH
CALIF.
COLO.
DEL.
KAN.
MO.
W.VA.
KY.
VA.
D.C.
TENN.
ARIZ.
N.M.
N.J.
MD.
N.C.
OKLA.
ARK.
S.C.
MISS.
Pacific
LA.
ALA.
South
Atlantic
GA.
TEXAS
FLA.
East South
Central
West South
Central
ALASKA
HAWAII
[Index=(the share of private-sector separations divided
by the share of private-sector employment of
establishments size 50 and above) * 100.]
Source: Mass Layoff Statistics
18
Index
200 or more
160 to 199
120 to 159
80 to 119
40 to 79
39 or below
Table 15. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs,
selected years
Percent of events1
Nature of recall
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Anticipate a recall, all events…………………………
60.5
65.8
60.2
59.9
60.7
Anticipate a recall, including only events
due to seasonal work and vacation period…
91.8
94.9
92.1
93.9
94.1
Anticipate a recall, excluding events due
to seasonal work and vacation period………
40.2
42.0
39.4
33.6
33.5
81.5
81.4
83.4
83.2
83.1
48.4
50.4
51.3
44.2
45.0
89.9
90.7
93.0
89.6
89.0
59.0
61.0
62.3
49.3
48.2
Timeframe
Within 6 months…………………………………………
Within 3 months……………………………………
Size of recall
At least half………………………………………………
All workers……………………………………………
1
See footnote 1, table1.
19
Table 16. Extended mass layoff events and expected recall, 2000
Layoff events with recall expected
Industry
Total layoff events
Number
Total1…………………………………….………
Percent
5,622
3,413
60.7
Total, private ............................................................
Agriculture ............................................................
Nonagriculture .......................................................
Manufacturing ....................................................
5,432
860
4,543
1,825
3,293
788
2,496
886
60.6
91.6
54.9
48.5
Nonmanufacturing .............................................
Mining .............................................................
Construction ....................................................
Transportation and public utilities ...................
Wholesale and retail trade ...............................
Wholesale trade ..........................................
Retail trade ..................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate ................
Services ...........................................................
2,718
48
750
322
507
147
360
131
960
1,610
30
610
201
207
57
150
16
546
59.2
62.5
81.3
62.4
40.8
38.8
41.7
12.2
56.9
Not identified .........................................................
29
9
31.0
Government .............................................................
190
120
63.2
Industry
Reason for separation
Automation ..............................................................
Bankruptcy ...............................................................
Business ownership change ....................................
Contract cancellation ...............................................
Contract completion .................................................
Domestic relocation .................................................
Energy-related…………………………………………
Environment-related……………………………………
Financial difficulty ....................................................
Import competition ...................................................
Labor dispute ...........................................................
Material shortage .....................................................
Model changeover ...................................................
Natural disaster .......................................................
Overseas relocation .................................................
Plant or machine repair ...........................................
Product line discontinued ........................................
Reorganization within company ...............................
Seasonal work .........................................................
Slack work ...............................................................
Vacation period ........................................................
Weather-related .......................................................
Other ........................................................................
Not reported .............................................................
1
(2)
–
157
125
87
599
71
10
7
307
63
29
6
–
43
19
30
415
2,437
619
84
66
160
273
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
20
3.2
4.0
28.7
57.6
–
4
2
( )
23
6
14
5
9
(2)
–
5
5
25
345
7
(2)
(2)
16
6
48
2,290
430
83
57
38
(2)
40.0
(2)
7.5
9.5
48.3
83.3
77.8
(2)
2
( )
84.2
20.0
11.6
94.0
69.5
98.8
86.4
23.8
(2)
Table 17. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations when the employer
does not expect a recall, 2000
Measure
Events
Total1………………………………………………
Separations
1,572
340,562
Total, private ...............................................................
1,528
331,268
Agriculture ...............................................................
Nonagriculture ..........................................................
Manufacturing .......................................................
43
1,480
672
10,172
319,961
135,784
808
12
54
96
241
71
170
97
308
184,177
1,456
8,223
16,663
67,351
13,650
53,701
26,850
63,634
Not identified ...........................................................
5
1,135
Government ................................................................
44
9,294
Automation .................................................................
Bankruptcy .................................................................
Business ownership change .......................................
Contract cancellation ..................................................
Contract completion ...................................................
Domestic relocation ....................................................
Energy-related……………………………………………
Environment-related………………………………………
Financial difficulty .......................................................
Import competition ......................................................
Labor dispute ..............................................................
Material shortage ........................................................
5
141
108
56
156
71
3
5
261
57
5
(2)
1,562
53,849
23,296
10,027
26,396
11,575
1,189
657
51,200
11,736
1,740
(2)
Model changeover ......................................................
Natural disaster ..........................................................
Overseas relocation ...................................................
Plant or machine repair ..............................................
Product line discontinued ...........................................
Reorganization within company .................................
Seasonal work ............................................................
Slack work ..................................................................
Vacation period ..........................................................
Weather-related .........................................................
Other ..........................................................................
Not reported ...............................................................
(2)
–
87
18
(2)
–
7,706
(2)
3,949
81,706
17,130
14,965
–
–
18,005
2,604
850
210,051
Industry
Nonmanufacturing ................................................
Mining ................................................................
Construction .......................................................
Transportation and public utilities ......................
Wholesale and retail trade .................................
Wholesale trade .............................................
Retail trade .....................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate………………
Services ..............................................................
Reason for layoff
39
(2)
24
340
75
117
–
–
Internal company restructuring3…………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency
disclosure standards.
2
3
Internal company restructuring consists of
bankruptcy,
business
ownership change,
financial difficulty, and reorganization within
company.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
21
Table 18. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations by
reason for separation, 2000
Events
Separations
Reason
1
Total, all reasons ……………………
Number
Percent
779
100.0
Number
188,718
100.0
Automation………………………………
Bankruptcy………………………………
Business ownership change……………
Contract cancellation……………………
Contract completed……………………
Domestic relocation……………………
Energy-related……………………………
Environment-related……………………
Financial difficulty………………………
2
( )
120
60
36
9
52
2
( )
4
197
2
( )
15.4
7.7
4.6
1.2
6.7
(2)
.5
25.3
( )
48,246
14,262
6,445
1,189
8,616
(2)
569
41,175
( )
25.6
7.6
3.4
.6
4.6
2
( )
.3
21.8
Import competition………………………
Material shortage………………………
Overseas relocation……………………
Plant or machine repair…………………
Product line discontinued………………
Reorganization within company………
Seasonal work……………………………
Slack work………………………………
Other………………………………………
Not reported………………………………
47
2
( )
18
2
( )
6
127
3
32
49
14
6.0
2
( )
2.3
2
( )
.8
16.3
.4
4.1
6.3
1.8
10,351
2
( )
3,801
2
( )
1,749
33,316
233
4,664
10,917
2,035
5.5
2
( )
2.0
2
( )
.9
17.7
.1
2.5
5.8
1.1
64.7
136,999
72.6
3
Internal company restructuring ………
504
1
3
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
2
Percent
2
Internal company restructuing consists of
bankuptcy, business ownership change, financial
difficulty, and reorganization within company.
2
22
Table 19. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry division,
selected years
Layoff events
Separations
Industry
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Total ................................................
790
615
683
684
Total, private ..............................................
778
607
675
Agriculture ...............................................
Nonagriculture ..........................................
Manufacturing ......................................
20
756
387
10
596
315
Nonmanufacturing ................................
Mining ................................................
Construction .......................................
Transportation and public utilities ......
Wholesale and retail trade .................
Wholesale trade .............................
Retail trade .....................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...
Services .............................................
369
18
18
31
182
32
150
50
70
Not identified ...........................................
Government ...............................................
1
1
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
779
189,528
157,957
154,273
185,298
188,718
681
772
186,226
155,218
153,150
184,165
186,849
12
661
343
10
668
359
15
754
403
4,578
180,971
75,916
2,817
151,301
66,677
1,569
151,246
74,972
2,059
181,803
80,185
3,206
183,188
85,615
281
13
11
29
141
22
119
24
63
318
9
14
22
137
34
103
41
95
309
19
13
38
149
31
118
19
71
351
4
6
42
158
43
115
27
114
105,055
3,036
3,165
6,741
59,343
4,021
55,322
10,890
21,880
84,624
2,877
1,664
6,299
48,510
3,361
45,149
5,682
19,592
76,274
1,535
3,389
7,034
35,277
7,081
28,196
9,345
19,694
101,618
5,549
3,396
7,865
59,486
5,122
54,364
4,192
21,130
97,573
488
810
8,584
53,028
9,172
43,856
6,260
28,403
2
1
2
3
3
677
1,100
335
303
455
12
8
8
3
7
3,302
2,739
1,123
1,133
1,869
See footnote 1, table 1.
23
Table 20. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff separations by two-digit SIC,
1998–2000
Industry
Separations
SIC
1
1998
1999
2000
Total ………………………………………………………
…
154,273
185,298
188,718
Agricultural production crops…………………………………
Agricultural services……………………………………………
Metal mining……………………………………………………
Coal mining………………………………………………………
Oil and gas extraction…………………………………………
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels……………………………
General building contractors……………………………………
Heavy construction, except building…………………………
Special trade contractors………………………………………
Food and kindred products……………………………………
Tobacco products………………………………………………
01
07
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
20
21
1,045
524
–
1,030
(2)
(2)
2
( )
1,790
1,076
6,524
(2)
595
1,464
2,757
1,967
655
(2)
2
( )
2,212
935
10,072
–
1,035
2,171
(2)
412
–
–
–
(2)
629
9,325
(2)
Textile mill products……………………………………………
Apparel and other textile products……………………………
Lumber and wood products……………………………………
Furniture and fixtures……………………………………………
Paper and allied products………………………………………
Printing and publishing…………………………………………
Chemicals and allied products…………………………………
Petroleum and coal product……………………………………
Rubber and misc. plastics products…………………………
Leather and leather products…………………………………
Stone, clay, and glass products………………………………
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
6,870
13,978
1,591
1,046
2,371
1,214
670
2
( )
2,417
1,280
849
9,343
17,125
1,966
1,649
2,579
1,141
1,230
2
( )
4,583
1,193
2
( )
9,449
10,278
4,386
2,556
4,478
1,633
345
2
( )
3,077
2,422
1,756
Primary metal industries………………………………………
Fabricated metal products……………………………………
Industrial machinery and equipment…………………………
Electronic and other electric equipment………………………
Transportation equipment………………………………………
Instruments and related products……………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries………………………
Local and interurban passenger transit………………………
Trucking and warehousing……………………………………
U.S. postal service………………………………………………
Water transportation……………………………………………
Transportation by air……………………………………………
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
41
42
43
44
45
2,796
2,728
3,967
12,824
7,054
4,836
1,542
(2)
1,425
2
( )
–
2,387
2,488
2,402
6,252
9,057
3,265
3,453
1,549
491
5,091
–
–
1,115
4,040
3,870
9,263
6,091
8,884
2,226
1,222
713
4,101
–
(2)
911
Transportation services…………………………………………
Communications…………………………………………………
Electric, gas, and sanitary services……………………………
Wholesale trade—durable goods……………………………
Wholesale trade—nondurable goods…………………………
Building materials and garden supplies………………………
General merchandise stores…………………………………
Food stores………………………………………………………
Automotive dealers and service stations……………………
Apparel and accessory stores…………………………………
Furniture and homefurnishings stores………………………
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
553
1,921
4,490
2,591
1,352
11,856
3,605
950
2,275
3,599
( )
297
3,209
1,913
8,043
27,846
4,786
449
5,031
1,863
(2)
1,654
764
3,032
6,140
3,039
17,989
5,776
481
2,264
9,739
Eating and drinking places……………………………………
Miscellaneous retail……………………………………………
Depository institutions…………………………………………
Nondepository institutions………………………………………
Security and commodity brokers………………………………
Insurance carriers………………………………………………
Insurance agents, brokers, and service………………………
Real estate………………………………………………………
Holding and other investment offices…………………………
Hotels and other lodging places………………………………
Personal services………………………………………………
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
67
70
72
2,701
1,858
3,889
1,672
897
1,997
–
2
( )
(2)
2,329
1,178
4,598
1,748
1,042
1,936
2
( )
1,101
(2)
–
–
(2)
2
( )
658
3,910
–
2,453
–
3,660
697
2
( )
–
1,970
483
Business services………………………………………………
Auto repair, services, and parking……………………………
Motion pictures…………………………………………………
Amusement and recreation services…………………………
Health services…………………………………………………
Educational services……………………………………………
Social services…………………………………………………
Membership organizations……………………………………
Engineering and management services………………………
Administration of human resources……………………………
Administration of economic programs………………………
National security and international affairs……………………
Nonclassifiable establishments………………………………
73
75
78
79
80
82
83
86
87
94
96
97
99
4,163
–
2,581
2,031
4,981
312
480
(2)
2,162
(2)
–
–
2
( )
8,986
2
( )
2
( )
321
9,925
2
( )
300
–
951
–
–
2
( )
683
7,584
382
1,047
575
14,760
2
( )
1,121
(2)
621
–
2
( )
–
1,201
1
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
24
–
–
2
Table 21. Permanent worksite closures: Over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff
events and separations by State, 1999-2000
State
1
Total …………………
1999
Events
2000
684
779
95
185,298
188,718
3,420
–
4
5,279
671
2
( )
1,576
41,060
2
( )
2,061
–
–
12,182
7,284
(2)
422
-442
671
2
( )
-1,613
15,286
2
( )
-4,784
–
2
( )
3,984
3,900
(2)
-83
Change
1999
Separations
2000
Change
Alabama…………………
Alaska……………………
Arizona…………………
Arkansas………………
California………………
Colorado…………………
Connecticut……………
Delaware………………
District of Columbia……
Florida……………………
Georgia…………………
Hawaii……………………
Idaho……………………
18
–
5
10
85
3
9
–
2
( )
31
22
(2)
5
18
4
2
( )
6
141
2
( )
8
–
–
48
16
(2)
3
( )
-4
56
2
( )
-1
–
2
( )
17
-6
(2)
-2
5,721
–
2,492
3,189
25,774
812
6,845
–
2
( )
8,198
3,384
(2)
505
Illinois……………………
Indiana…………………
Iowa………………………
Kansas…………………
Kentucky…………………
Louisiana………………
Maine……………………
Maryland…………………
Massachusetts…………
Michigan…………………
Minnesota………………
Mississippi………………
Missouri…………………
43
19
9
8
8
4
5
5
20
9
8
13
27
63
12
5
7
21
12
5
6
22
14
10
22
27
20
-7
-4
-1
13
8
–
1
2
5
2
9
–
10,490
4,398
1,539
1,469
1,276
1,837
1,257
812
8,388
1,657
1,296
3,156
6,291
15,963
3,068
1,707
819
5,849
1,495
951
1,056
8,808
3,453
2,053
5,084
4,465
5,473
-1,330
168
-650
4,573
-342
-306
244
420
1,796
757
1,928
-1,826
Montana…………………
Nebraska………………
Nevada ........................
New Hampshire ...........
New Jersey ..................
New Mexico .................
New York………………
North Carolina…………
North Dakota……………
Ohio………………………
Oklahoma………………
Oregon…………………
Pennsylvania……………
–
–
9
–
42
(2)
18
43
(2)
36
5
10
29
–
3
8
–
26
(2)
20
49
–
37
4
11
3
–
3
-1
–
-16
(2)
2
6
2
( )
1
-1
1
-26
–
–
1,870
–
12,582
(2)
10,542
10,863
(2)
5,979
1,439
2,541
7,221
–
367
2,276
–
5,074
(2)
2,554
10,933
–
9,912
579
1,158
2,900
–
367
406
–
-7,508
(2)
-7,988
70
(2)
3,933
-860
-1,383
-4,321
Rhode Island……………
South Carolina…………
South Dakota……………
Tennessee………………
Texas……………………
Utah………………………
Vermont…………………
Virginia…………………
Washington……………
West Virginia……………
Wisconsin………………
Wyoming………………
5
7
–
6
62
(2)
(2)
21
3
–
12
–
5
8
–
19
46
3
(2)
22
18
6
14
–
–
1
–
13
-16
(2)
(2)
1
15
6
2
–
998
841
–
1,058
14,327
(2)
(2)
8,380
1,030
–
2,892
–
1,829
1,598
–
2,565
7,515
840
(2)
5,196
3,319
699
2,853
–
831
757
–
1,507
-6,812
(2)
(2)
-3,184
2,289
699
-39
–
1
2
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
25
Technical Note
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a FederalState program that uses a standardized, automated approach
to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major
job cutbacks, using data from each State’s unemployment
insurance database. Establishments that have at least 50
initial claims filed against them during a consecutive 5week period are contacted by the State agency to determine
whether these separations are of at least 31 days’ duration,
and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of
persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race,
sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The program
yields information on an individual’s entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted.
The MLS program resumed in April 1995; it had been
terminated in November 1992 due to lack of funding. However, because of changes in concepts and definitions, data
from the resumed program are not comparable with earlier
data.
that are involved in the production and distribution of food.
These industries include agricultural production—crops;
agricultural production—livestock; soil preparation services; crop services; veterinary services; animal services,
except veterinary services; farm labor and management services; fishing, hunting, and trapping; food and kindred products; agricultural chemicals; groceries and related products;
farm-product raw materials; beer, wine, and distilled beverages; foodstores; and eating and drinking places.
High-technology-intensive industries. Industries that have
been identified as having at least 15 research and development workers per 1,000 workers and 190 technology-oriented workers per 1,000 workers. Industries meeting these
criteria include industrial inorganic chemicals; industrial
organic chemicals; drugs; computer and office equipment;
electronic components and accessories; aircraft and parts;
guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts; search and navigation equipment; measuring and controlling devices; computer and data processing services; and research and testing services.
Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of
entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or
period of eligibility.
Definitions
Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by
mail, by telephone, or in person, for waiting period credit
or payment for a week of unemployment as certified by the
claimant. The MLS program collects data on continued
claims for 1 week each month. That is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day of the month and is
referred to as the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week. Because continued claims are not tracked for
all weeks, an exact measure of insured jobless duration is
not available.
Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as
part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons who are subject to recall and those who
are terminated.
Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning
in a given month, regardless of duration.
Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which
predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted.
Worksite closure. The full closure of either multiunit or
single-unit establishments, or the partial closure of a multiunit establishment in which entire worksites affected by
layoffs are closed or planned to be closed.
Extended layoff event. An event in which 50 or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an
establishment are filed during a 5-week period, with at least
50 workers separated for more than 30 days.
Material in this report is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be used may used without permission. The information in this report is available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 6917828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. E-mail address: [email protected].
Final payments. Persons who have exhausted all of their
unemployment insurance benefits and are no longer eligible for any further benefits.
Food production, processing, and distribution. Industries
26
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Postal Square Building, Rm. 2850
2 Massachusetts Ave., NE
Washington, DC 20212-0001
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use, $300
Address Service Requested
27