Extended Mass Layoffs
in 2006
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
April 2008
Report 1004
Introduction
report uses the new metropolitan area definitions as defined
in the Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 07-10.
Additional information about the program is provided in the
Technical Note that follows the tables.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass
Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information
on large-scale private nonfarm layoff events and on the
characteristics of dislocated workers. Each month, BLS
reports the number of mass layoff events by employers,
and, each quarter, there is a separate report on the number
and characteristics of those private nonfarm mass layoffs
that last more than 30 days. This report summarizes that
latter analysis for all of 2006, providing information on
the industry, geographic distribution, and size of private
nonfarm mass layoffs; the demographic characteristics of
those claiming unemployment insurance; the duration of
certified unemployment; the expectation of recall; the extent
of permanent worksite closures; and the movement-of-work
actions taken by employers.
In 2006, employers laid off about 936,000 workers in 4,885
private nonfarm extended mass layoff events. Compared with
2005, layoff events remained unchanged, while the number of
separations increased by over 51,000. (See table 1.) Twentysix States and the District of Columbia reported over-theyear increases in the number of workers laid off. Among the
7 categories of economic reasons for layoff, layoffs due to
seasonal work accounted for 38 percent of all private nonfarm
worker separations. Between 34,036 and 55,751 workers lost
their jobs in extended mass layoffs because their employers
moved work to other U.S. locations or to locations outside of
the United States, either within the same company or to other
companies. Layoff activity involving permanent worksite
closures accounted for 13 percent of all layoff events and
affected 153,718 workers in 2006.
In 2006, the national unemployment rate was 4.6 percent;
a year earlier, it was 5.1 percent. Private nonfarm payroll
employment increased by 2.0 percent, or about 2.3 million
jobs, from 2005 to 2006.
Extended mass layoffs, as defined in the MLS program,
refer to layoffs of at least 31 days’ duration that involve the
filing of initial claims for unemployment insurance by 50
or more individuals from a single establishment during a
consecutive 5-week period. Since 2004, the detailed reports
no longer cover government and agricultural layoffs. This
Highlights
Industry distribution of 2006 mass layoffs
• Manufacturing establishments accounted for 28 percent
of layoff events and 29 percent of separations in 2006,
up slightly from 26 percent of events and 25 percent
of separations in 2005. The percentages of events and
separations in 2006 were the second and third lowest
respectively on record for this sector since annual data
became available in 1996. Food manufacturing (mostly
fresh and frozen seafood processing and fruit and
vegetable canning) and transportation equipment (largely
in automobiles) firms accounted for 48 percent of the
separations in manufacturing in 2006. When compared
with 2005, transportation equipment registered the
largest increase in manufacturing separations (38,305).
(See tables 2 and 3.)
•
Construction (mainly in heavy and civil engineering and
in specialty trade contractors) accounted for 22 percent
of private nonfarm mass layoff events and 13 percent
of separations. The number of laid-off construction
workers, 125,892 in 2006, was slightly higher than
the previous year. (See table 2.) Eighty-six percent of
all construction layoffs were due to the ending of seasonal
work and the completion of contracts. Employers
expected a recall in 59 percent of the construction layoff
events.
•
Administrative and waste services accounted for
10 percent of all private nonfarm layoff events and
separations, largely reflecting the completion of contracts
in professional employer organizations and temporary
help agencies. (See table 2.) Both the numbers of
events (477) and separations (91,777) in administration
and waste services reached their lowest levels since
2000.
•
Manufacturers and distributors of clothing reported
laying off 55,925 workers, the second lowest level
recorded in the program after the 2005 level. (See table
2.) Layoffs due to organizational changes accounted for
the largest number of separations in this industry group
(21,242), followed by seasonal reasons (15,802). The
South registered the highest number of laid-off workers
(16,781), followed by the West (14,293).
•
Employers involved in food processing and distribution,
excluding agriculture, accounted for 13 percent of all
private nonfarm separations, representing 120,789
workers. The number of such laid-off workers remained
about the same from the previous year’s level of 121,738.
(See tables 2 and 3.)
•
Of the major sectors, manufacturing recorded the largest
increase in worker separations between 2005 and 2006
(50,502), followed by retail trade (20,436) and finance
and insurance (12,147). Among those sectors showing
declines in the number of separated workers, health care
and social assistance had the largest decrease (12,846),
followed by arts, entertainment, and recreation (9,044)
and accommodation and food services (7,806). (See
table 3.)
•
Of the four information technology-producing industries
(computer hardware, software and computer services,
communications equipment, and communications
services), firms involved in computer hardware had the
largest number of laid-off workers (12,036) in 2006.
Layoffs in communications services reported the largest
decrease (2,792) since 2005 and reached its lowest level
of separations since 2000. (See table 4.)
•
•
•
Reasons for layoff
• Based on the 7 categories of economic reasons for
extended mass layoffs, events related to seasonal reasons
(seasonal and vacation period) accounted for 35 percent
of layoff events and 38 percent of separations, lower
than in 2005. (See table 7 and the chart.) Compared with
2005, the number of workers laid off due to seasonal
factors declined by 4 percent, while the number of
workers in total private nonfarm layoffs increased (6
percent). On average, during each of the last 3 years,
about 360,000 workers have been laid off due to seasonal
work. Thirty percent of all workers separated because of
seasonal layoffs were from transit and ground passenger
transportation, heavy and civil engineering construction
jobs, and food services and drinking places.
Among the 88 3-digit NAICS-coded industry groups
in the private nonfarm economy identified in the MLS
program, 43 posted increases in the number of separated
workers during 2006. Of these, transportation equipment
manufacturing recorded the largest increase (38,305),
followed by general merchandise stores (17,478) and
transit and ground passenger transportation (12,711).
Forty-one industries registered decreases, led by air
transportation (8,907) and amusements, gambling, and
recreation (7,330).
At the 3-digit NAICS industry level, general merchandise
stores moved into the top 10 in terms of worker
separations, with social assistance dropping from that
list. (See table 5.)
Among the 6-digit NAICS industries, automobile
manufacturing and supermarkets and other grocery stores
moved into the top 10 in terms of separations, replacing mail-order houses and child day care services. (See
table 6.)
•
The number of workers separated due to business
demand factors (contract cancellation, contract
completion, domestic competition, excess inventory,
import completion, and slack work) accounted for 37
percent of all extended mass layoff events and 28 percent
of separations, up from 28 percent of events and 24
percent of separations in 2005. (See table 7.) Contract
completion and slack work accounted for 92 percent of
the events and separations within the business demand
group. Administrative and support services (professional
employer organizations and temporary help services) had
the largest number of worker separations due to contract
completion; transportation equipment manufacturers
recorded the largest separations due to slack work.
•
The largest over-the-year increases in layoffs, by reasonfor-layoff category, occurred because of organizational
changes (46,563), business demand issues (45,034),
production specific reasons (7,241), and financial issues
(4,137). Layoffs due to disaster and safety had the largest
decrease (54,718) in worker separations compared with
2005, when Hurricanes Katrina and Rita resulted in the
large number of separations in this category. (See tables
7 and 8.)
•
Layoffs associated with organizational changes (businessownership change and reorganization or restructuring)
recorded the largest increase in separations over the
year, after declining for 4 consecutive years. The largest
over-the-year increase in separations associated with
reorganization or restructuring was recorded by general
merchandise stores (+13,848). (See tables 7 and 8.)
•
California and Illinois accounted for the largest numbers
of separations in the seasonal category, followed by
New Jersey, Ohio, Wisconsin, New York, and Michigan.
In layoffs due to business demand factors, Florida
and California accounted for the highest number of
separations. California and Ohio registered the largest
numbers of separations due to organizational changes.
(See table 9.)
on the specific number of separations associated with
the movement-of-work component of the layoff in 232
actions, or 66 percent of the total actions for 2006.
Thus, a range of 34,036 (separations in movement-ofwork actions in which the employer was able to provide
specific details) to 55,751 (total separations in all layoff
events that included movement of work) is established
for separations due to the movement of work in 2006.
(See table 14.)
Movement of Work
• Movement of work was involved in 252 extended mass
layoff events in 2006. This accounted for 8 percent of
all nonseasonal and nonvacation-period mass layoff
events and resulted in the separation of 55,751 workers.
Compared with 2005, the number of events dropped by
9 percent, while the number of separations increased by
4 percent. (See tables 10 and 14.)
•
Among the 252 layoff events with reported relocation
of work, 66 percent involved the permanent closure
of worksites, which affected 39,757 workers. In
sharp contrast, only 15 percent of the nonseasonal
and nonvacation mass layoffs in which there was no
movement of work resulted in a closure.
•
Manufacturing industries were associated with 68 percent
of the events and 69 percent of separations in which work
moved, largely in transportation equipment, electrical
equipment and appliance, and food manufacturing. In
contrast, manufacturing accounted for only 32 percent of
events and 36 percent of separations in nonseasonal and
nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work.
(See table 10.)
•
•
•
•
Organizational change (business-ownership change and
reorganization or restructuring of company) was cited
in the 63 percent of events and separations associated
with the movement of work. Among nonseasonal and
nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work, 15
percent of events and 22 percent of separations were due
to such changes. (See table 11.)
•
Of the 232 actions with separations reported, domestic
relocations of work accounted for 64 percent of the
actions and resulted in the separation of 20,669 workers.
Eighty-four percent of the domestic actions and 88
percent of associated separations were the result of
moving work within the same company. Employers cited
Ohio more than any other State as the location to which
work was moving, followed by California, Tennessee,
and Texas. (See table 15.)
•
Out-of-country relocations accounted for 36 percent of
the movement-of-work actions among the 232 relocations
of work with separations reported and resulted in 13,367
laid-off workers. Eighty-five percent of the out-of-thecountry actions and 88 percent of separations were due
to relocations within the same company. (See table 15.)
Mexico and China were cited 63 percent of the time as
the destination to which work was moving.
Size of layoff
• Layoff events in 2006 continued to be concentrated at the
lower end of the extended layoff-size spectrum. Smallersize layoffs--those involving fewer than 150 workers in
the event--accounted for 65 percent of all events this
year, the highest percentage in this category in program
history. These layoff events, however, accounted for only
30 percent of all separations, about the same as 2005 (31
percent). On the other end of the spectrum, 266 layoff
events involving 500 or more workers accounted for 33
percent of all separations. (See table 16.)
The South led all regions in terms of separations
(18,965) in which work was moved, followed by
the Midwest (17,315). (See table 12.) The South and
Midwest regions experienced over-the-year increases
(19 and 4 percent, respectively) in the number of laidoff workers in events experiencing some movement of
work. The Northeast and the West regions experienced
over-the-year declines (10 and 5 percent, respectively)
in the number of separations associated with movement
of work.
Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants
in layoffs involving the movement of work. Also, in
movement-of-work events, the older the claimants, the
more likely they were to exhaust benefits. In events in
which work did not move, benefit exhaustion rates were
similar for claimants of all ages, with the exception of
the oldest age category (55 years of age and older). (See
table 13.)
In the 252 layoff events involving movement of work,
349 relocations of work were identified. (Movement of
work can involve more than one relocation.) Of these
relocations, employers were able to provide information
•
The average number of separations per layoff event in
2006 was 192, up from 181 in 2005. Among private
sector establishments, arts, entertainment, and recreation
reported the largest average layoff size per layoff event
(331 workers), followed by retail trade (320 workers)
and professional and technical services (286 workers).
Establishments with the smallest average layoff size were
those in real estate and rental and leasing (102 workers)
and educational services (102 workers). (See table 17.)
•
Employers citing labor dispute or contract negotiations
or strike as the reason for layoff had the highest average
layoff size per layoff event (629 workers), followed
by those reporting model changeover (475 workers),
business-ownership change (336 workers), and nonnatural disaster (309 workers). Layoffs due to extreme
weather-related events and contract completion averaged
the fewest separations per layoff event (95 and 138
workers, respectively). (See table 17.)
•
jobless duration (as measured by the average number
of continued claims) were separated from employers
located in Kentucky, Montana, Arkansas, and Alaska.
(See table 21.)
Employers reporting the worksite as permanently closed
averaged 248 separations per layoff event, the highest
since 2002. (See table 17.)
Initial claimants
• In 2006, there were 950,157 initial claimants for
unemployment insurance associated with extended mass
layoff events. Of these, 40 percent were women; 16
percent were black; 14 percent were Hispanic; and 19
percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-five percent
of claimants were between the ages of 30 and 44. (See
tables 18 and 20.) In the total civilian labor force in
2006, 46 percent were women; 11 percent were black;
14 percent were Hispanic; and 17 percent were 55 years
of age or older. Thirty-four percent of the civilian labor
force was between the ages of 30 and 44.
•
The percentage of MLS claimants who were white
remained unchanged from 2005 at 59 percent. Persons of
Hispanic origin accounted for 14 percent of the claimants
involved in extended mass layoff events. The percentage
of Hispanic claimants was highest in wholesale trade (27
percent), followed by health care and social assistance
(24 percent) and administrative and waste services (23
percent). (See table 19.)
•
The proportion of black claimants was 16 percent in 2006,
about the same as in 2005 (17 percent). Establishments
providing other services, except public administration
reported the highest percentage of black claimants (31
percent), followed by educational services (28 percent)
and health care and social assistance (23 percent).
•
The percentage of claimants aged 55 and over continued
to increase, from 13 percent in 2001 to 19 percent in 2006.
The proportions of these older claimants were highest in
professional and technical services, transportation and
warehousing, and arts, entertainment, and recreation.
Claimants between the ages of 30 and 44 accounted for
35 percent of all claimants from extended mass layoffs.
Within this age group, the proportion of claimants
was highest among real estate and rental and leasing,
construction, and health care and social assistance. (See
table 20.)
Duration of insured unemployment
• Tennessee reported the longest duration of insured
unemployment associated with extended mass layoff
events (as measured by the average number of continued
claims for unemployment insurance filed for weeks
including the 12th day of the month following the
initial claim), followed by Alabama, New Mexico, and
West Virginia. Claimants experiencing the shortest
•
Tennessee reported the largest proportion of claimants
exhausting unemployment insurance benefits (33
percent), followed by Wyoming (32 percent), North
Carolina (29 percent), and North Dakota (26 percent).
States registering the lowest percentages of exhaustees
were Delaware, Alaska, Arkansas, and New Hampshire.
(See table 21.)
•
The longest average jobless duration (based on the
average number of continued claims) was experienced
by claimants laid off from finance and insurance
companies. Claimants laid off from transportation and
warehousing experienced the shortest periods of jobless
duration, followed closely by accommodation and food
services. (See table 22.)
•
Benefit exhaustion rates were highest among workers in
professional and technical services (26 percent), while
workers in construction (7 percent) had the lowest rates.
(See table 22.)
•
Claimants laid off due to organizational changes and
financial issues reported the longest jobless duration. The
shortest duration occurred in layoffs due to a slowdown
in business demand. (See table 22.)
•
Benefit exhaustion rates were high for claimants
involved with worksite closures (24 percent). Claimants
associated with layoffs from employers which did not
expect a recall (18 percent) experienced higher benefit
exhaustion rates than workers in events from which a
recall was expected (9 percent). (See table 22.)
•
Among the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas in
terms of the level of initial claims activity, claimants laid
off from employers in Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KYIN reported the longest jobless duration, followed by
Dayton, OH and Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC.
Claimants associated with employers in HarrisburgCarlisle, PA, Shreveport-Bossier City, LA, and ScrantonWilkes-Barre, PA experienced the shortest duration of
unemployment. Benefit exhaustion rates were highest in
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN (36 percent), MiamiFort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL (35 percent), and
Dayton, OH (31 percent). (See table 23.)
•
Claimants aged 55 and over had the highest exhaustion
rates as compared to other age groups. Women had
higher exhaustion rates than men. Black claimants
reported higher benefit exhaustion rates than any other
race or ethnic category, followed by those of Hispanic
origin. (See table 24.)
Geographic distribution
• In 2006, for the third consecutive year, employers in the
Midwest reported the highest number of separations,
largely due to layoffs in manufacturing and in
construction. (See table 25.) The Northeast continued to
have the lowest number of separations, while the South
had the lowest number of events. Excluding the impact
of seasonal layoffs, the Midwest (172,581) and South
(163,360) had the highest levels of separated workers in
extended mass layoff events.
•
•
•
•
Recall expectations
• In 2006, employers expected a recall in over half of all
extended mass layoff events. Industries in which the
expectation of recall was highest following a layoff
included arts, entertainment, and recreation (82 percent);
other services, except public administration (81 percent);
and health care and social assistance (80 percent).
Layoffs in the finance and insurance (5 percent) sector
and information (27 percent) sector had the lowest
percentages of recall expectation. Excluding seasonal
and vacation-period layoffs (in which a recall was
expected 94 percent of the time), a recall was expected
in 29 percent of events, down from 32 percent in 2005.
(See tables 28 and 29.)
Compared to 2005, increases in the number of separations
occurred in three of the four regions, with the West
reporting an increase of 70,678, mostly due to more
layoffs in construction and in finance and insurance. Four
of the nine geographic divisions reported an increase
in separations from 2005, with the largest increases in
the Pacific (77,698), South Atlantic (21,097), and New
England (13,215) divisions. (See table 25.)
California had the largest number of worker separations,
160,807, largely in manufacturing. The States with the
next-highest totals of separations (including seasonal
layoffs) were Illinois (86,832), Florida (77,660), and
Michigan (67,132). (See table 26.) When the substantial
impact of seasonal layoffs is excluded, California had
the highest separations total for 2006 (117,694 workers),
followed by Florida (64,513) and Michigan (50,204).
Three States–Alaska, Connecticut, and Wyoming–
reached their highest annual totals of laid-off workers
since annual data became available in 1996, while Idaho,
Louisiana, Maine, Oklahoma, and Texas reached new
lows. Twenty-six States and the District of Columbia
had over-the-year increases in the number of laid-off
workers, led by California (80,125), Michigan (22,642),
Ohio (10,740), and Connecticut (10,351). Of the 24
States reporting an over-the-year decrease in the number
of laid-off workers, Louisiana (48,350), New York
(14,992), Illinois (14,274), and Mississippi (10,485)
experienced the largest declines. In 2005, layoffs related
to Hurricane Katrina contributed to the large numbers
of separations in Louisiana and Mississippi. (See table
26.)
•
Of those establishments expecting a recall, 49 percent
indicated that all workers would eventually be recalled,
and 92 percent expected to recall at least half of the
workers. (See table 28.)
•
Employers citing organizational changes and financial
issues had the lowest percentages of recall expectation.
Layoffs due to seasonal reasons registered the highest
recall expectations, followed by layoffs due to disaster
and safety reasons. (See table 29.)
•
Manufacturing industries accounted for 34 percent of
all events and separations from which the employer
did not expect a recall. These layoffs occurred mainly
in transportation equipment, computer and electronic
products, and food manufacturing. Retail trade accounted
for an additional 17 percent of the laid-off workers where
no recall was expected, mostly in general merchandise
stores. (See table 30.)
•
Changes in company organization were cited most
frequently for layoffs from which no recall is expected,
accounting for 30 percent of such layoff events and
39 percent of separations. Layoffs due to a decline in
business demand accounted for an additional 47 percent
of layoff events with no expectation of recall and 35
percent of separations, mostly a result of contracts
ending. (See table 30.)
Permanent worksite closures
• Employers reported that 13 percent of all extended
mass layoff events resulted in a permanent closure of
the worksite, affecting 153,718 workers. The number of
workers involved in closures reached its fourth lowest
level in the program. (See table 31.)
Fifty-five percent of events and 48 percent of separations
occurred in metropolitan areas, a decrease from 2005,
when 60 percent of events and 53 percent of separations
occurred in such areas. Among the 369 metropolitan
areas, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA reported
the highest number of separations (39,638), largely in
finance and insurance and in construction. San JoseSunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA and San Francisco-OaklandFremont, CA entered the top 10 metropolitan areas in
terms of laid-off workers, while New Orleans-MetairieKenner, LA and Gulfport-Biloxi, MS dropped out of the
top 10. (See table 27.)
•
Separations from permanent closures in 2006 were due
mainly to organizational changes, followed by financial
issues and business demand reasons. (See table 31.)
•
In 2006, manufacturing accounted for 51 percent of
events and 44 percent of separations resulting in a
worksite closure. These events occurred largely in
transportation equipment, computer and electronic
products, food manufacturing, and textile mills. Retail
trade accounted for 13 percent of the layoff events and
27 percent of separations resulting from closures during
the year, largely in food and beverage stores and general
merchandise stores. (See table 32.) Three major industry
sectors (mining, utilities, and health care and social
assistance) reached series lows in terms of closurerelated separated workers in 2006.
•
In 2006, general merchandise stores, textile mills,
accommodation, and plastics and rubber products
manufacturing moved into the top 10 3-digit NAICS
industries in terms of the number of laid-off workers in
permanent closures. These industries replaced fabricated
metal product manufacturing, machinery manufacturing,
furniture and related product manufacturing, and primary
metal manufacturing. (See table 33.)
•
California registered the highest number of separations
in permanent closure-related events (28,290), followed
by Ohio (16,346) and Florida (14,409). California
reported the largest increase (13,263) in separations due
to closures, while New York had the largest decrease
(3,257) in laid-off workers due to closures. (See table
34.) One State, Ohio, reached its series high in terms
of closure-related separated workers in 2006, while 10
other States and the District of Columbia reached their
series low in 2006.
•
Among the 369 Metropolitan Areas, employers in
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA reported the
highest number of separations (8,572) in permanent
closure-related events, followed by New York-Northern
New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA (7,423). San JoseSunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA and Miami-Fort LauderdalePompano Beach, FL entered the top five metropolitan
areas this year in terms of workers laid off in permanent
closures, replacing Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater,
FL and Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA. (See
table 35.)
Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for
unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 1998–2006
Year/quarter
1998
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
1999
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
2000
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
2001
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
2002
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
2003
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
2004
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
2005
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
2006
First quarter………………………
Second quarter……………………
Third quarter………………………
Fourth quarter……………………
Total……………………………
1
Initial claimants for
Events1
Separations1
1,115
1,333
1,028
1,383
178,251
336,536
201,186
275,272
206,366
361,822
219,763
268,511
4,859
991,245
1,056,462
1,262
1,194
898
1,202
230,711
246,251
184,429
240,060
213,535
205,043
156,123
222,216
4,556
901,451
796,917
1,081
1,055
817
1,638
202,500
205,861
174,628
332,973
180,205
186,759
158,394
320,909
4,591
915,962
846,267
1,546
1,828
1,629
2,372
304,171
430,499
330,391
459,771
306,535
358,611
336,298
456,068
7,375
1,524,832
1,457,512
1,611
1,624
1,186
1,916
299,266
344,606
255,152
373,307
292,998
299,598
254,955
370,592
6,337
1,272,331
1,218,143
1,502
1,799
1,190
1,690
286,947
368,273
236,333
325,333
297,608
348,966
227,909
326,328
6,181
1,216,886
1,200,811
1,339
1,358
886
1,427
276,503
278,831
164,608
273,967
238,392
254,063
148,575
262,049
5,010
993,909
903,079
1,142
1,203
1,136
1,400
186,506
246,099
201,878
250,178
185,486
212,673
190,186
246,188
4,881
884,661
834,533
963
1,353
929
1,640
183,089
295,886
160,252
296,578
193,510
264,807
161,716
330,124
4,885
935,805
950,157
Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all States and the District of Columbia.
unemployment insurance1
Table 2. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2004–06
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Industry
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
5,010
4,881
4,885
993,909
884,661
935,805
903,079
834,533
950,157
Mining…………………………………………………………
40
13
Utilities…………………………………………………………
870
Construction……………………………………………………
Manufacturing………………………………………………… 1,467
310
Food…………………………………………………………
21
Beverage and tobacco products …………………………
Textile mills…………………………………………………
40
Textile product mills………………………………………
26
Apparel ……………………………………………………
69
11
Leather and allied products ………………………………
38
Wood products ……………………………………………
43
Paper ………………………………………………………
Printing and related support activities……………………
41
21
Petroleum and coal products ……………………………
48
Chemicals …………………………………………………
44
13
960
1,292
273
13
37
24
47
6
49
29
39
19
31
40
11
1,062
1,368
245
26
55
20
53
9
87
38
36
22
26
6,123
2,964
118,998
254,430
64,050
4,505
6,140
4,546
11,583
1,873
4,587
5,750
5,764
2,781
6,566
5,906
1,818
122,393
223,066
50,817
2,489
5,256
3,110
7,024
887
7,547
3,416
4,763
2,513
5,519
6,911
1,690
125,892
273,568
50,229
3,433
9,083
2,311
7,575
998
10,768
4,944
4,904
3,102
3,490
5,423
2,585
135,574
261,913
60,690
3,122
7,416
5,015
9,132
1,921
5,659
5,590
5,461
3,150
6,051
5,470
1,776
135,323
243,159
52,823
2,041
7,466
4,282
6,051
774
8,287
3,258
5,454
2,902
4,750
6,122
1,735
157,635
328,571
50,026
3,476
12,227
3,710
6,714
1,021
14,225
4,211
4,468
3,320
2,746
Plastics and rubber products ……………………………
Nonmetallic mineral products ……………………………
Primary metal ………………………………………………
Fabricated metal products ………………………………
Machinery……………………………………………………
Computer and electronic products ………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance………………………
Transportation equipment …………………………………
Furniture and related products ……………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing……………………………
78
70
49
94
63
95
49
189
73
39
63
82
35
77
72
79
40
196
52
29
71
66
44
63
70
80
45
227
56
29
10,336
11,269
8,217
13,549
9,195
14,979
11,396
40,636
10,761
5,947
7,732
12,229
6,752
10,291
12,427
14,230
10,537
42,971
8,468
4,088
10,710
10,737
8,981
7,232
11,498
17,936
11,102
81,276
8,530
4,729
9,782
11,592
8,046
13,240
9,959
16,370
15,073
48,255
11,190
5,199
8,686
12,486
5,238
10,884
13,974
12,984
12,556
55,970
8,563
3,730
12,302
11,319
8,357
9,167
11,608
14,556
13,599
128,627
9,065
3,827
Wholesale trade………………………………………………
Retail trade……………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing……………………………
Information……………………………………………………
Finance and insurance………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing…………………………
Professional and technical services…………………………
Management of companies and enterprises………………
Administrative and waste services…………………………
Educational services…………………………………………
Health care and social assistance…………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation…………………………
Accommodation and food services…………………………
Other services, except public administration………………
94
344
278
170
158
13
151
21
545
16
284
138
314
88
102
336
300
114
110
19
156
14
505
22
307
135
357
94
84
313
314
113
161
17
155
18
477
23
232
130
286
81
15,908
143,671
59,098
36,593
34,145
3,889
33,199
3,688
113,365
1,429
44,213
37,687
68,855
14,906
13,345
79,607
67,455
23,041
18,898
2,667
41,800
2,178
93,554
5,227
42,918
52,058
74,912
13,618
13,976
100,043
70,074
18,978
31,045
1,732
44,306
2,582
91,777
2,353
30,072
43,014
67,106
10,686
12,241
90,414
57,789
37,968
32,040
3,405
30,605
3,453
104,880
1,589
33,530
16,916
61,004
11,221
13,611
71,432
58,009
22,671
19,957
3,618
31,717
1,867
93,636
3,181
33,935
18,801
63,567
12,623
10,783
86,447
62,142
23,736
28,446
1,500
35,728
2,530
91,729
2,661
25,180
15,645
59,311
10,256
Unclassified ……………………………………………………
6
1
–
748
200
–
529
180
–
232
638
182
632
239
534
59,683
180,333
33,657
121,738
55,925
120,789
54,075
134,106
35,857
118,583
60,738
115,020
Total, private nonfarm 1........................................................
Selected industry groupings
2
Clothing manufacturing and distribution ………………………
Food processing and distribution………………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector,
2004–2005 and 2005–2006
2004-2005
2005-2006
Industry
Level change
Percent change
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm1 ...................................................
-109,248
-11.0
51,144
5.8
Mining...........................................................................
Utilities..........................................................................
Construction..................................................................
Manufacturing...............................................................
Food..........................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products...............................
Textile mills...............................................................
Textile product mills..................................................
Apparel.....................................................................
Leather and allied products......................................
Wood products..........................................................
Paper........................................................................
Printing and related support activities.......................
Petroleum and coal products....................................
Chemicals.................................................................
-217
-1,146
3,395
-31,364
-13,233
-2,016
-884
-1,436
-4,559
-986
2,960
-2,334
-1,001
-268
-1,047
-3.5
-38.7
2.9
-12.3
-20.7
-44.8
-14.4
-31.6
-39.4
-52.6
64.5
-40.6
-17.4
-9.6
-15.9
1,005
-128
3,499
50,502
-588
944
3,827
-799
551
111
3,221
1,528
141
589
-2,029
17.0
-7.0
2.9
22.6
-1.2
37.9
72.8
-25.7
7.8
12.5
42.7
44.7
3.0
23.4
-36.8
Plastics and rubber products....................................
Nonmetallic mineral products...................................
Primary metal............................................................
Fabricated metal products........................................
Machinery.................................................................
Computer and electronic products............................
Electrical equipment and appliance..........................
Transportation equipment.........................................
Furniture and related products..................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing...................................
-2,604
960
-1,465
-3,258
3,232
-749
-859
2,335
-2,293
-1,859
-25.2
8.5
-17.8
-24.0
35.1
-5.0
-7.5
5.7
-21.3
-31.3
2,978
-1,492
2,229
-3,059
-929
3,706
565
38,305
62
641
38.5
-12.2
33.0
-29.7
-7.5
26.0
5.4
89.1
.7
15.7
Wholesale trade............................................................
Retail trade...................................................................
Transportation and warehousing..................................
Information....................................................................
Finance and insurance.................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing...............................
Professional and technical services..............................
Management of companies and enterprises.................
Administrative and waste services................................
Educational services.....................................................
Health care and social assistance................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation..............................
Accommodation and food services...............................
Other services, except public administration................
-2,563
-64,064
8,357
-13,552
-15,247
-1,222
8,601
-1,510
-19,811
3,798
-1,295
14,371
6,057
-1,288
-16.1
-44.6
14.1
-37.0
-44.7
-31.4
25.9
-40.9
-17.5
265.8
-2.9
38.1
8.8
-8.6
631
20,436
2,619
-4,063
12,147
-935
2,506
404
-1,777
-2,874
-12,846
-9,044
-7,806
-2,932
4.7
25.7
3.9
-17.6
64.3
-35.1
6.0
18.5
-1.9
-55.0
-29.9
-17.4
-10.4
-21.5
Unclassified .................................................................
-548
-73.3
-200
-100.0
-26,026
-58,595
-43.6
-32.5
22,268
-949
66.2
-.8
2
Selected industry groupings
Clothing manufacturing and distribution …………………
Food processing and distribution……………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings.
Table 4. Information technology-producing industries: Extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 1996–2006
Year
Information technology-producing industries1
Total extended
mass layoffs
Layoff
events
Separations
Computer
hardware2
Software and
computer services3
Communications
equipment4
Communications
services5
Layoff
events
Separations
Layoff
events
Separations
Layoff
events
Separations
Layoff
events
Separations
6,612
1996 ......................................
4,760
948,122
100
17,884
20
10,724
32
5,323
33
1997 ......................................
4,671
947,843
64
11,934
15
1,730
23
2,515
18
3,237
1998 ......................................
4,859
991,245
166
36,069
17
3,296
33
6,971
25
4,150
1999 ......................................
4,556
901,451
103
22,557
20
3,731
27
4,344
18
3,930
2000 ......................................
4,591
915,962
66
18,805
48
7,940
25
4,618
24
4,048
2001 ......................................
7,375
1,524,832
503
102,587
205
29,420
140
34,874
136
30,084
2002 ......................................
6,337
1,272,331
303
59,653
137
18,689
112
23,236
176
32,134
2003 ......................................
6,181
1,216,886
196
32,689
80
13,426
62
10,408
113
21,721
2004 ......................................
5,010
993,909
76
11,524
52
8,575
16
1,887
81
17,266
2005 ......................................
4,881
884,661
75
11,928
32
5,667
13
3,000
47
7,725
2006 ......................................
4,885
935,805
48
12,036
23
3,503
19
3,752
34
4,933
1
providers; Web search portals; data processing and related services; computer and
software merchant wholesalers; computer and software stores; custom computer
programming services; computer systems design services; computer facilities
management services; other computer related services; office equipment rental and
leasing; and computer and office machine repair.
4
The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS), are: telephone apparatus manufacturing; audio and
video equipment manufacturing; broadcast and wireless communications equipment;
fiber optic cable manufacturing; software reproducing; and magnetic and optical
recording media manufacturing.
5
The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS), are: wired telecommunications carriers; cellular and
other wireless carriers; telecommunications resellers; cable and other program
distribution; satellite telecommunications; other telecommunications; and
communication equipment repair.
Information technology-producing industries are defined in Digital Economy 2003,
(U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, 2003).
2
The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS), are: semiconductor machinery manufacturing; office
machinery manufacturing; electronic computer manufacturing; computer storage
device manufacturing; computer terminal manufacturing; other computer peripheral
equipment manufacturing; electron tube manufacturing; bare printed circuit board
manufacturing; semiconductors and related device manufacturing; electronic capacitor
manufacturing; electronic resistor manufacturing; electronic coils, transformers, and
inductors; electronic connector manufacturing; printed circuit assembly manufacturing;
other electronic component manufacturing; industrial process variable instruments;
electricity and signal testing instruments; analytical laboratory instrument
manufacturing; computer and software merchant wholesalers; and computer and
software stores.
3
The industries included in this grouping, based on the 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS), are: Software publishers; Internet service
10
Table 5. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest
three-digit NAICS industries in 2006
Industry
NAICS
2
2005
Events
Separations
2006
Rank
1
Events
Separations
Rank
Total, private nonfarm ......................................
…
4,881
884,661
…
4,885
935,805
…
Total, 50 highest industries .........................................
…
4,545
837,855
…
4,585
892,029
…
Administrative and support services……………………
Transportation equipment manufacturing………………
Heavy and civil engineering construction………………
Food manufacturing………………………………………
Specialty trade contractors………………………………
Transit and ground passenger transportation…………
Professional and technical services……………………
Food services and drinking places………………………
General merchandise stores……………………………
Amusements, gambling, and recreation…………………
561
336
237
311
238
485
541
722
452
713
489
196
449
273
370
155
156
247
87
60
91,121
42,971
60,314
50,817
42,641
32,016
41,800
48,440
20,905
40,080
1
5
2
3
6
9
7
4
13
8
472
227
438
245
454
181
155
189
118
57
89,674
81,276
57,978
50,229
47,351
44,727
44,306
41,941
38,383
32,750
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Accommodation……………………………………………
Social assistance…………………………………………
Food and beverage stores………………………………
Construction of buildings…………………………………
Computer and electronic product manufacturing………
Credit intermediation and related activities……………
Nonstore retailers…………………………………………
Insurance carriers and related activities…………………
Machinery manufacturing…………………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance mfg…………………
721
624
445
236
334
522
454
524
333
335
110
199
69
141
79
65
47
30
72
40
26,472
26,983
16,177
19,438
14,230
12,252
21,678
3,644
12,427
10,537
11
10
15
14
17
19
12
47
18
22
97
182
49
170
80
104
38
46
70
45
25,165
22,957
21,276
20,563
17,936
17,049
16,428
12,701
11,498
11,102
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Wood product manufacturing……………………………
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing……………
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing……………
Performing arts and spectator sports……………………
Textile mills…………………………………………………
Primary metal manufacturing……………………………
Furniture and related product manufacturing……………
Apparel manufacturing……………………………………
Clothing and clothing accessories stores………………
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods………………
321
327
326
711
313
331
337
315
448
424
49
82
63
68
37
35
52
47
28
43
7,547
12,229
7,732
10,915
5,256
6,752
8,468
7,024
4,827
5,797
30
20
28
21
39
32
25
31
42
36
87
66
71
69
55
44
56
53
29
47
10,768
10,737
10,710
9,843
9,083
8,981
8,530
7,575
7,441
7,399
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Fabricated metal product manufacturing………………
Air transportation…………………………………………
Motion picture and sound recording industries…………
Membership associations and organizations……………
Mining, except oil and gas………………………………
Truck transportation………………………………………
Telecommunications………………………………………
Couriers and messengers…………………………………
Paper manufacturing………………………………………
Printing and related support activities……………………
332
481
512
813
212
484
517
492
322
323
77
45
28
51
41
25
46
21
29
39
10,291
15,426
8,719
6,602
5,718
4,887
7,604
7,900
3,416
4,763
23
16
24
33
37
41
29
26
49
43
63
29
34
51
36
39
36
16
38
36
7,232
6,519
6,511
6,357
6,306
5,890
5,119
5,055
4,944
4,904
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Miscellaneous manufacturing……………………………
Building material and garden supply stores……………
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods…………………
Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores………
Chemical manufacturing…………………………………
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing…………
Hospitals……………………………………………………
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing……………
Support activities for transportation………………………
Broadcasting, except Internet……………………………
339
444
423
451
325
312
622
324
488
515
29
23
47
11
31
13
37
19
19
4
4,088
4,480
6,333
1,576
5,519
2,489
7,745
2,513
2,539
326
46
45
34
66
38
56
27
55
54
77
29
23
24
13
26
26
19
22
19
12
4,729
4,497
4,251
4,046
3,490
3,433
3,310
3,102
3,075
2,902
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2006.
2
See foonote 1, table 1.
11
1
Table 6. Industry distribution: Extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS
industries in 2006
Industry
2
NAICS
2004
Separations
2005
Rank
1
Separations
2006
Rank
1
Separations
Rank
Total, private nonfarm ..........................................
…
993,909
…
884,661
…
935,805
…
Total, 50 highest industries ........................................
…
616,270
…
525,306
…
565,715
…
Highway, street, and bridge construction…………………
School and employee bus transportation…………………
Professional employer organizations………………………
Food service contractors……………………………………
Temporary help services……………………………………
Tax preparation services……………………………………
Automobile manufacturing…………………………………
Hotels and motels, except casino hotels…………………
Supermarkets and other grocery stores……………………
Skiing facilities………………………………………………
237310
485410
561330
722310
561320
541213
336111
721110
445110
713920
39,861
33,462
33,536
26,448
50,156
10,969
8,850
24,739
61,744
21,163
3
5
4
6
2
17
22
7
1
8
45,812
28,448
28,550
27,975
37,252
21,842
7,229
22,657
14,751
24,458
1
4
3
5
2
8
22
7
12
6
41,100
40,349
36,803
32,048
30,416
25,601
21,330
20,092
19,629
17,548
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Department stores, except discount………………………
Child day care services………………………………………
Mail-order houses……………………………………………
Discount department stores…………………………………
Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing………………
Amusement and theme parks………………………………
Fresh and frozen seafood processing………………………
Fruit and vegetable canning…………………………………
Nonresidential electrical contractors………………………
Motor vehicle seating and interior trim mfg………………
452111
624410
454113
452112
336112
713110
311712
311421
238212
336360
18,074
16,521
16,104
15,247
200
3,719
6,489
18,511
10,753
6,510
10
11
12
13
459
45
27
9
18
26
5,988
18,112
19,436
10,131
1,890
9,367
3,979
11,375
10,692
3,405
26
10
9
15
101
16
40
13
14
49
16,713
14,696
14,628
14,461
13,812
12,390
10,198
10,126
8,608
8,531
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Commercial building construction…………………………
Landscaping services………………………………………
Industrial building construction………………………………
Scheduled passenger air transportation……………………
Motion picture and video production………………………
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing…………………………
All other plastics product manufacturing……………………
Direct health and medical insurance carriers………………
Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors…………
Household refrigerator and home freezer mfg……………
236220
561730
236210
481111
512110
327320
326199
524114
238222
335222
8,099
6,346
12,990
4,555
10,199
5,670
5,086
1,533
6,364
3,920
25
29
14
36
21
32
33
128
28
41
7,749
6,731
8,325
14,946
8,521
6,067
4,019
306
5,335
2,859
21
24
19
11
18
25
39
363
29
58
7,331
7,247
6,628
6,519
6,216
6,148
5,961
5,702
5,528
5,399
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Nonresidential site preparation contractors………………
Computer storage device manufacturing…………………
All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing………………
Casino hotels…………………………………………………
Couriers………………………………………………………
Broadwoven fabric mills……………………………………
Other individual and family services………………………
Full-service restaurants………………………………………
Real estate credit……………………………………………
Frozen fruit and vegetable manufacturing…………………
238912
334112
336399
721120
492110
313210
624190
722110
522292
311411
3,608
297
3,616
1,700
6,010
3,419
4,766
10,354
5,944
8,813
47
393
46
113
30
50
34
20
31
23
4,447
227
4,909
3,815
7,805
2,872
3,797
9,000
821
5,112
37
406
34
43
20
57
44
17
185
30
5,353
5,135
5,107
5,073
5,055
5,001
4,966
4,937
4,935
4,780
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
All other general merchandise stores………………………
Power and communication system construction…………
Aircraft manufacturing………………………………………
New single-family general contractors……………………
Other social advocacy organizations………………………
Payroll services………………………………………………
Iron and steel mills……………………………………………
Home centers…………………………………………………
Other heavy construction……………………………………
Nonresidential drywall contractors…………………………
452990
237130
336411
236115
813319
541214
331111
444110
237990
238312
1,333
2,357
2,263
2,199
3,887
2,814
3,504
2,005
2,058
1,883
142
76
80
82
43
60
48
90
89
98
1,475
3,711
1,515
1,618
5,070
3,097
1,620
2,790
2,337
2,081
127
46
122
115
32
53
114
60
75
89
4,767
4,749
4,511
4,454
4,350
4,220
4,210
4,209
4,083
4,062
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
1
Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2006.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
12
1
Table 7. Reason for layoff: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance,
private nonfarm sector, 2004–06
Layoff events
Reason for layoff 1
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons2 ...............
5,010
4,881
4,885
993,909
884,661
935,805
903,079
834,533
950,157
Business demand ...................................................
1,513
1,385
1,788
273,297
212,844
257,878
289,738
260,049
350,964
Contract cancellation ...........................................
Contract completion .............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ...............................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ........................................
111
772
71
692
71
1,056
18,398
170,192
11,402
115,992
10,813
146,069
14,165
157,236
10,017
134,105
10,355
183,684
( )
3
( )
51
3
( )
3
( )
56
3
( )
3
( )
64
( )
3
( )
8,064
( )
3
( )
11,112
( )
3
( )
10,458
( )
3
( )
7,599
( )
3
( )
10,086
( )
3
( )
11,737
579
566
597
76,643
74,338
90,538
110,738
105,841
145,188
Organizational changes ..........................................
680
550
597
135,977
103,266
149,829
129,132
99,587
147,655
Business-ownership change ................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ........
128
552
107
443
124
473
30,495
105,482
23,748
79,518
41,714
108,115
21,566
107,566
17,928
81,659
26,403
121,252
Financial issues ......................................................
309
223
221
63,350
46,243
50,380
47,535
37,687
37,069
Bankruptcy ...........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
90
89
56
20,130
21,181
15,838
14,526
15,743
7,577
(3)
219
(3)
134
(3)
165
(3)
43,220
(3)
25,062
(3)
34,542
(3)
33,009
(3)
21,944
(3)
29,492
Production specific ..................................................
102
97
94
43,350
22,943
30,184
24,559
20,583
21,204
3
–
3
4
(4)
542
983
655
479
(3)
31
5
9
19
35
(3)
27
6
7
10
40
(3)
29,935
384
2,417
2,811
7,143
(3)
9,289
828
2,533
1,327
7,441
( )
(3)
11,313
1,486
4,278
2,201
9,688
673
–
(4)
( )
(3)
18
10
9
12
36
660
–
(4)
(3)
10,616
743
2,229
3,536
6,762
(3)
7,703
754
2,852
1,762
6,378
( )
(3)
7,363
2,146
2,576
1,757
6,170
Disaster/safety ........................................................
70
403
62
9,346
62,348
7,630
8,445
53,457
7,838
Hazardous work environment ..............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Non-natural disaster .............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
4
( )
3
(4)
2
(4)
413
(4)
508
(4)
447
(4)
398
(4)
7,626
(4)
61,255
688
840
1,546
4,556
(4)
355
(4)
62
4
5
5
48
(4)
7,418
(4)
52,366
479
655
1,449
5,255
Seasonal .................................................................
1,788
1,905
1,725
352,001
370,986
355,091
299,077
299,789
304,631
Seasonal ..............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......
1,678
110
1,808
97
1,613
112
334,389
17,612
355,831
15,155
337,531
17,560
282,918
16,159
285,931
13,858
287,265
17,366
Other/miscellaneous ...............................................
548
318
398
116,588
66,031
84,813
104,593
63,381
80,796
Other ....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ..................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
173
246
129
94
151
73
94
192
112
37,767
55,867
22,954
16,704
35,880
13,447
18,237
46,747
19,829
28,044
55,439
21,110
14,809
35,616
12,956
15,375
46,734
18,687
Automation/technological advances ....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ...........
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ...............................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..................
Product line discontinued .....................................
3
3
4
1
3
3
4
1 Beginning with the publication of data for the first quarter 2007, the presentation
Beginning with the publication of data for the first quarter 2007, the presentation of data
by economic reasons for extended mass layoffs were improved. Clearer definitions and titles
of data by economic reasons for extended mass layoffs were improved. Clearer
for many current reasons were introduced, and seven higher-level categories were identified
within
which and
the detailed
economic
reasonsreasons
are classified.
In addition, four
reasons
were
definitions
titles for
many current
were introduced,
andnew
seven
higher-level
added. Use of these new reasons began with first quarter 2007 data. For additional informa-
see https://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm.
In addition, four new reasons were added. Use of these new reasons began with first
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
categories were identified within which the detailed economic reasons are classified.
quarter 2007 data. For additional information on the changes to MLS reasons, please
13
3
3
See2 footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
Use of this reason began with the first quarter 2007 data.
3
DataUse
do not
BLS or State
agency
disclosure
standards.
of meet
this reason
began
with the
first quarter
2007 data.
NOTE:
Dash represents zero.
4
2
3
4
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
3
4
Table 8. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2004–2005 and 2005–2006
2004-2005
Reason for layoff
2005-2006
Level change
Percent change
Total, private nonfarm, all reasons1 ....................................
-109,248
-11.0
51,144
5.8
Business demand .........................................................................
-60,453
-22.1
45,034
21.2
Contract cancellation .................................................................
Contract completion ...................................................................
Domestic competition ................................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................
Import competition .....................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ..............................................................
-6,996
-54,200
-38.0
-31.8
-589
30,077
-5.2
25.9
Organizational changes ................................................................
-32,711
-24.1
46,563
45.1
Business-ownership change ......................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............................
-6,747
-25,964
-22.1
-24.6
17,966
28,597
75.7
36.0
Financial issues ............................................................................
-17,107
-27.0
4,137
8.9
Bankruptcy .................................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................
Financial difficulty ......................................................................
1,051
5.2
-5,343
-25.2
(4)
-18,158
(4)
-42.0
(4)
9,480
(4)
37.8
Production specific ........................................................................
-20,407
-47.1
7,241
31.6
Automation/technological advances ..........................................
Energy related ...........................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................................
Material or supply shortage .......................................................
Model changeover .....................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................................
Product line discontinued ...........................................................
-118
983
-17.9
2
( )
(4)
-20,646
444
116
-1,484
298
( )
(4)
-69.0
115.6
4.8
-52.8
4.2
( )
(4)
2,024
658
1,745
874
2,247
(2)
(4)
21.8
79.5
68.9
65.9
30.2
Disaster/safety ..............................................................................
53,002
567.1
-54,718
-87.8
Hazardous work environment ....................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................................
Non-natural disaster ..................................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..................................................
2
( )
95
(2)
23.0
(2)
332
(2)
65.4
(2)
53,629
(2)
703.2
(2)
-56,699
(2)
-92.6
Seasonal .......................................................................................
18,985
5.4
-15,895
-4.3
Seasonal ....................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .............................
21,442
-2,457
6.4
-14.0
-18,300
2,405
-5.1
15.9
4
4
Level change
4
Percent change
4
( )
4
( )
3,048
( )
4
( )
37.8
( )
4
( )
-654
( )
4
( )
-5.9
-2,305
-3.0
16,200
21.8
3
2
(2)
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................................
-50,557
-43.4
18,782
28.4
Other ..........................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .............................................
-21,063
-19,987
-9,507
-55.8
-35.8
-41.4
1,533
10,867
6,382
9.2
30.3
47.5
1
2
3
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
4
14
Percentage could not be calculated because the denominator is zero.
Use of this reason began with first quarter 2007 data.
1
Table 9. Number of separations in extended mass layoff events by State and by selected higher-level category for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2006
Separations
State
Total
Business
demand
Total, private nonfarm2 ...........
935,805
257,878
149,829
50,380
Alabama ............................................
Alaska ...............................................
Arizona ..............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ...........................................
Colorado ...........................................
Connecticut .......................................
Delaware ...........................................
District of Columbia ...........................
Florida ...............................................
Georgia .............................................
Hawaii ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
9,522
10,875
4,375
3,546
160,807
18,488
18,147
1,781
306
77,660
11,981
2,921
3,745
2,244
2,521
–
–
924
39,361
2,097
2,922
–
–
6,214
4,612
733
–
Illinois ................................................
Indiana ..............................................
Iowa ..................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Maine ................................................
Maryland ...........................................
Massachusetts ..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Minnesota .........................................
Mississippi ........................................
Missouri ............................................
86,832
17,120
4,130
4,430
9,444
10,812
4,711
8,643
14,612
67,132
20,128
3,680
19,121
30,608
5,500
273
1,154
2,504
1,567
544
2,519
3,755
22,059
2,525
895
1,372
11,484
4,189
1,685
Montana ............................................
Nebraska ..........................................
Nevada .............................................
New Hampshire ................................
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
North Carolina ...................................
North Dakota .....................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma .........................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
2,726
2,794
3,261
1,871
39,058
2,317
55,573
6,301
1,290
59,293
1,665
17,195
39,162
556
780
–
1,161
941
Rhode Island .....................................
South Carolina ..................................
South Dakota ....................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Vermont ............................................
Virginia ..............................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia .....................................
Wisconsin .........................................
Wyoming ...........................................
1,977
7,455
458
9,185
15,132
5,186
1,944
19,173
11,171
3,473
28,959
4,237
( )
2,792
810
1,251
1,459
–
( )
1,132
–
( )
(3)
–
Puerto Rico .......................................
7,551
5,293
1,467
( )
(3)
1,046
(3)
44,917
472
(3)
(3)
(3)
46,864
4,047
1,398
–
3
( )
690
3,301
824
18,132
3,499
(3)
12,047
642
1,914
23,966
3
( )
706
–
688
4,256
436
Organizational
changes
Financial
issues
3
( )
–
7,051
581
365
–
–
8,130
719
–
–
3
( )
–
2,871
1,571
(3)
(3)
(3)
1,088
(3)
858
786
(3)
1,075
2,592
10,037
520
(3)
(3)
607
3,101
1,165
–
–
(3)
2,166
Production
specific
Disaster/safety
Seasonal
30,184
7,630
355,091
684
–
–
2,101
3,632
–
497
–
–
–
2,468
–
–
–
–
1,432
10,695
2,421
–
43,113
15,074
6,492
(3)
–
–
660
(3)
3
( )
–
598
(3)
–
687
427
2,480
–
(3)
(3)
958
(3)
(3)
3
( )
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
320
–
–
(3)
–
(3)
6,948
756
7,007
1,633
–
17,316
(3)
1,145
2,306
(3)
470
493
(3)
722
–
195
–
–
5,830
5,324
( )
3
( )
388
–
502
–
–
–
( )
(3)
1,537
2,237
–
–
7,763
861
(3)
–
999
778
3
3
3
3
3
( )
–
990
(3)
2,530
(3)
–
4,453
(3)
(3)
–
–
3
1,742
477
442
1,125
24,253
(3)
18,306
385
728
21,787
–
12,363
12,063
(3)
(3)
–
–
–
(3)
400
–
–
–
567
–
( )
The higher-level category, other/miscellaneous is not displayed.
3
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
–
41,271
5,550
2,097
2,039
4,609
3,865
3,412
3,011
7,658
16,928
15,717
1,043
12,627
1,515
388
268
–
2,031
4,277
1,614
4,672
4,095
431
19,617
4,237
1
15
–
–
–
–
(3)
(3)
–
356
–
266
–
381
–
–
–
–
2,005
–
1,223
644
–
2,132
3
(3)
–
–
–
(3)
(3)
13,147
1,174
459
3,745
3
( )
–
(3)
3
( )
–
–
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
3
Table 10. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations,
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2006
Layoff events
Industry
Work moved
Total, private nonfarm1........................................................
252
2
Mining...............................................................................
Utilities..............................................................................
Construction.....................................................................
Manufacturing...................................................................
Food.............................................................................
Beverage and tobacco products...................................
Textile mills...................................................................
Textile product mills......................................................
Apparel.........................................................................
Leather and allied products..........................................
Wood products.............................................................
Paper............................................................................
Printing and related support activities..........................
Petroleum and coal products........................................
( )
–
–
172
16
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
2,908
55,751
2
( )
–
–
38,708
4,115
( 2)
–
17
5
662
928
83
15
46
18
32
4
68
28
23
4
Chemicals.....................................................................
Plastics and rubber products........................................
Nonmetallic mineral products.......................................
Primary metal...............................................................
Fabricated metal products............................................
Machinery.....................................................................
Computer and electronic products...............................
Electrical equipment and appliance..............................
Transportation equipment............................................
Furniture and related products.....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing.......................................
5
11
4
5
5
14
12
18
26
6
10
Wholesale trade...............................................................
Retail trade.......................................................................
Transportation and warehousing......................................
Information.......................................................................
Finance and insurance.....................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing...................................
Professional and technical services.................................
Management of companies and enterprises....................
Administrative and waste services...................................
Educational services........................................................
Health care and social assistance....................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation..................................
Accommodation and food services..................................
Other services, except public administration....................
14
8
10
10
17
Work not
moved or
unknown
524,963
Work moved
47,206
2
Work not
moved or
unknown
598,320
( )
–
–
34,274
2,820
( 2)
–
3,697
819
71,817
187,001
15,903
1,981
7,085
2,122
4,200
339
8,951
3,759
2,735
407
( 2)
–
2,756
709
98,293
244,367
17,622
2,219
8,969
3,564
3,979
575
11,748
3,307
2,415
534
21
59
35
39
53
50
67
26
191
49
17
848
2,227
813
774
740
3,811
2,833
5,115
6,899
1,510
1,708
2,642
8,418
5,192
8,207
5,984
6,762
15,003
5,742
72,385
6,860
2,324
629
2,012
457
609
815
2,707
2,000
6,125
7,185
1,006
970
2,117
10,181
5,392
7,748
7,714
7,616
12,371
7,199
118,995
7,942
2,160
3,246
2,487
2,951
1,522
3,748
( 2)
6,256
61,126
22,059
14,866
27,232
1,052
12,054
1,486
77,303
1,640
9,733
4,165
19,559
3,098
1,475
2,397
1,970
1,713
3,093
( 2)
40
175
91
90
143
12
96
13
393
14
74
33
98
24
( 2)
5,678
47,834
20,034
18,640
25,280
1,164
16,599
1,472
80,026
1,763
7,622
4,340
18,561
3,182
–
–
–
–
–
–
( 2)
7
( 2)
12
4
( 2)
9
( 2)
6
( 2)
7
–
–
( 2)
–
Unclassified .....................................................................
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
16
( 2)
1,540
( 2)
2,288
609
( 2)
1,120
( 2)
582
( 2)
1,536
–
–
( 2)
–
( 2)
2,786
( 2)
1,886
394
( 2)
839
( 2)
606
( 2)
1,095
–
–
( 2)
–
Table 11. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations,
and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006
Layoff events
Reason for layoff
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
1
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Total, private nonfarm2 .......................................
252
2,908
55,751
524,963
47,206
598,320
Business demand .........................................................
38
1,750
7,272
250,606
6,512
344,452
Contract cancellation .................................................
Contract completion ...................................................
Domestic competition ................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ...........................
Import competition .....................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ..............................................
4
7
67
1,049
949
1,001
9,864
145,068
568
941
9,787
182,743
( )
4
( )
19
( )
4
( )
45
4
( )
4
( )
3,939
( )
4
( )
6,519
( )
4
( )
3,779
( )
4
( )
7,958
8
589
1,383
89,155
1,224
143,964
Organizational changes ................................................
158
439
35,201
114,628
31,963
115,692
Business-ownership change ......................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..............
17
141
107
332
3,363
31,838
38,351
76,277
2,035
29,928
24,368
91,324
Financial issues ............................................................
25
196
4,478
45,902
3,076
33,993
Bankruptcy .................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...........
Financial difficulty ......................................................
3
53
785
15,053
336
7,241
( 4)
22
( 4)
143
( 4)
3,693
( 4)
30,849
( 4)
2,740
( 4)
26,752
4
4
4
4
4
Production specific .......................................................
18
76
7,099
23,085
3,100
18,104
Automation/technological advances ..........................
Energy related ...........................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ......................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................
Material or supply shortage .......................................
Model changeover .....................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................
Product line discontinued ..........................................
3
( )
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
( 3)
( 3)
–
( 3)
3
( 3)
( 3)
( 4)
7,243
2,146
2,576
1,757
3,302
7,403
( 3)
7,739
–
–
( 3)
–
688
840
1,319
4,556
( 3)
–
479
655
1,350
5,255
386
( 3)
83,339
( 3)
78,340
82
192
112
3
16,763
46,747
19,829
3
12,919
46,734
18,687
( 3)
( )
( 4)
17
10
9
12
20
Disaster/safety ..............................................................
( 3)
Hazardous work environment ....................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................
Non-natural disaster ..................................................
Extreme weather-related event .................................
–
–
Other/miscellaneous .....................................................
Other ..........................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ........................................
Data not provided: Does not know ............................
3
( 3)
( )
( 4)
11,207
1,486
4,278
2,201
2,825
61
( 3)
–
–
( 3)
–
4
5
4
48
( 3)
( 4)
( 3)
–
–
–
3
( )
–
–
( 4)
( 3)
–
–
–
( )
–
–
1
See footnote 1, table 7.
4
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
( 4)
( 3)
–
–
–
( )
–
–
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data.
17
Table 12. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial
claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2006
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
Work moved
Work not moved
or unknown
United States1 ......................................................
252
2,908
55,751
524,963
47,206
598,320
Northeast ........................................................................
46
600
8,934
91,683
5,984
123,113
New England ..............................................................
Middle Atlantic ............................................................
13
33
88
512
3,111
5,823
18,335
73,348
2,192
3,792
13,592
109,521
South ..............................................................................
82
747
18,965
144,395
14,564
140,021
South Atlantic .............................................................
East South Central .....................................................
West South Central ....................................................
43
32
7
505
117
125
9,554
6,767
2,644
103,800
17,980
22,615
8,975
4,200
1,389
98,582
16,139
25,300
Midwest ..........................................................................
78
679
17,315
155,266
18,834
190,132
East North Central ......................................................
West North Central .....................................................
54
24
599
80
10,959
6,356
143,224
12,042
9,476
9,358
178,249
11,883
West ...............................................................................
46
882
10,537
133,619
7,824
145,054
Mountain ....................................................................
Pacific .........................................................................
7
39
56
826
758
9,779
11,154
122,465
656
7,168
8,109
136,945
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: The States (and the District of Columbia) that make up the census
divisions are: New England–Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic–New Jersey, New
York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic–Delaware, District of Columbia,
Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and
West Virginia; East South Central–Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and
Tennessee; West South Central–Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas;
East North Central–Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West
North Central–Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota,
and South Dakota; Mountain–Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New
Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific–Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon,
and Washington.
18
Table 13. Movement of work: Nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit
exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2006
Initial claims for unemployment
insurance
Characteristic
Total, private nonfarm1 ………………
Final payments for
unemployment insurance
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
Work moved
Work not
moved or
unknown
47,206
598,320
12,231
77,423
25.9
12.9
6,495
16,819
14,091
9,334
467
104,348
213,050
168,425
101,023
11,474
1,419
4,114
3,722
2,898
78
12,970
26,417
20,981
15,899
1,156
21.8
24.5
26.4
31.0
16.7
12.4
12.4
12.5
15.7
10.1
25,704
21,422
80
381,816
213,194
3,310
5,712
6,507
12
41,013
36,215
195
22.2
30.4
15.0
10.7
17.0
5.9
27,325
8,077
4,879
226
1,369
5,330
345,006
102,034
82,997
3,685
13,408
51,190
6,418
2,713
1,725
49
338
988
39,141
16,143
12,349
502
2,165
7,123
23.5
33.6
35.4
21.7
24.7
18.5
11.3
15.8
14.9
13.6
16.1
13.9
Age
Under 30 years of age ……………………
30-44 ………………………………………
45-54 ………………………………………
55 years of age or over …………………
Not available ………………………………
Gender
Male…………………………………………
Female……………………………………
Not available ………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White………………………………………
Black ………………………………………
Hispanic origin ……………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………
Not available ………………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
Table 14. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2005–06
Layoff events
Action
Separations
2005
2006
2005
2006
Total private nonfarm …………………………………………
4,881
Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2…………
2,976
4,885
884,661
935,805
3,160
513,675
580,714
Total, movement of work3 ………………………………
277
252
53,649
55,751
Movement of work actions…………………………
363
349
4
( )
( 4)
With separations reported………………………
259
232
34,194
34,036
With separations unknown………………………
104
117
4
( )
( 4)
1
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
The questions on movement of work were not
asked of employers when the reason for layoff was
either seasonal work or vacation period.
3
Movement of work can involve more than one action.
4
Data are not available.
19
Table 15. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations
is known by employers, 2005–06
1
Separations
Actions
Activities
2005
2006
2005
2006
259
232
34,194
34,036
Out-of-country relocations……………………………........
Within company…………………………………..………
Different company…………..................…………………
91
68
23
84
71
13
12,030
9,438
2,592
13,367
11,776
1,591
Domestic relocations………......................…………………
Within company…………………………………….……
Different company……………………………….………
164
132
32
148
125
23
21,470
17,135
4,335
20,669
18,210
2,459
4
–
694
–
204
132
68
4
196
125
71
–
27,267
17,135
9,438
694
29,986
18,210
11,776
–
55
32
23
–
36
23
13
–
6,927
4,335
2,592
–
4,050
2,459
1,591
–
With separations reported2………………………………….
By location
Unable to assign place of relocation………………………
By company
Within company………………............................…………
Domestic……………………..............................………
Out of country……………….........................……………
Unable to assign…………………………………………
Different company……………………………………….....
Domestic………………………………………………….
Out of country…………………………………………….
Unable to assign…………………………………………
1
Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 16. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector,
2005–06
Layoff events
Number of workers
Separations
Percent1
Number
2005
2006
2005
2006
Total, private nonfarm2……
4,881
4,885
100.0
100.0
884,661
50-99……………………………
100-149…………………………
150-199…………………………
200-299…………………………
300-499…………………………
500-999…………………………
1,000 or more…………………
1,935
1,153
576
603
351
193
70
2,008
1,172
527
557
355
170
96
39.6
23.6
11.8
12.4
7.2
4.0
1.4
41.1
24.0
10.8
11.4
7.3
3.5
2.0
139,225
135,645
96,230
139,686
126,980
127,565
119,330
1
Due to rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
20
Percent1
Number
2005
2006
2005
2006
935,805
100.0
100.0
143,729
137,196
88,202
129,388
130,921
114,871
191,498
15.7
15.3
10.9
15.8
14.4
14.4
13.5
15.4
14.7
9.4
13.8
14.0
12.3
20.5
Table 17. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector,
1999–2006
Average number of separations
Measure
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
198
200
207
201
197
198
181
192
Industry
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
181
176
148
205
158
341
214
285
126
140
147
200
165
320
183
194
215
202
144
192
161
289
297
186
149
178
140
191
161
329
243
196
158
135
140
183
181
308
250
259
153
228
137
173
169
418
213
215
134
140
127
173
131
237
225
202
173
154
119
200
166
320
223
168
Finance and insurance …………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
197
118
208
210
190
161
155
260
177
144
109
276
128
188
247
213
99
189
315
247
141
167
190
230
199
209
283
110
137
316
217
138
206
193
173
224
248
221
114
136
372
206
159
163
193
166
194
195
222
182
137
275
215
132
161
216
299
220
176
208
89
156
273
219
169
125
172
140
268
156
185
238
140
386
210
145
200
193
102
286
143
192
102
130
331
235
132
–
Business demand .....................................................
Contract cancellation .............................................
Contract completion ..............................................
Domestic competition ............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market .......................
Import competition .................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown .........................................
166
156
176
173
159
189
174
177
186
172
190
180
168
297
170
181
166
220
154
161
168
144
152
138
( 5)
5
( )
276
( 5)
5
( )
213
( 5)
5
( )
213
( 5)
5
( )
207
( 5)
5
( )
214
( 5)
5
( )
158
( 5)
5
( )
198
( 5)
5
( )
163
136
157
167
163
143
132
131
152
Organizational changes ...........................................
Business-ownership change .................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .........
236
304
207
252
270
247
220
267
207
204
230
198
209
271
198
200
238
191
188
222
179
251
336
229
Financial issues ........................................................
Bankruptcy ............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .......
Financial difficulty ..................................................
324
464
257
355
303
470
270
359
261
341
205
224
207
238
228
283
5
( )
248
5
( )
205
5
( )
231
5
( )
226
5
( )
217
5
( )
197
5
( )
187
( 5)
209
Production specific ...................................................
Automation/technological advances ......................
Energy related .......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............
Material or supply shortage ...................................
Model changeover .................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued ......................................
237
93
122
309
374
249
229
127
274
163
171
353
308
321
( 5)
559
183
267
121
156
( 5)
631
155
266
163
157
( 5)
304
99
372
143
248
Disaster/safety .........................................................
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................
Non-natural disaster ..............................................
Extreme weather-related event .............................
138
( 3)
( 3)
6
( )
115
102
163
–
Seasonal ..................................................................
Seasonal ...............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........
Total, private nonfarm 1 ...................................
Reason for layoff2
425
220
–
237
181
246
( 5)
192
159
283
157
123
( 3)
( 3)
( 5)
861
121
368
138
177
( 5)
966
77
269
148
204
( 5)
344
138
362
133
186
142
131
175
134
155
( 3)
( 3)
139
120
( 3)
252
( 3)
138
( )
95
( 3)
( 3)
6
235
107
( )
162
3
( )
123
( 3)
( 3)
3
( )
154
123
172
168
309
95
197
198
182
191
192
159
206
207
194
211
212
178
201
202
193
197
199
160
195
197
156
206
209
157
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
Other .....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ....................................
Data not provided: Does not know ........................
166
176
170
120
183
167
212
141
199
212
197
159
214
187
276
190
201
175
218
174
213
218
227
178
208
178
238
184
213
194
243
177
Domestic relocation ..................................................
Overseas relocation .................................................
177
167
164
211
185
199
195
251
161
213
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
( )
4
( )
4
( )
271
181
233
243
186
216
304
185
230
259
189
213
229
183
201
214
181
222
192
178
187
248
185
200
6
3
( 3)
( 3)
( 5)
629
149
475
183
269
4
Other selected measures
Worksite closures………………………………………
Recall expected…………………………………………
No recall expected………………………………………
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See footnote 1, table 7.
6
quarter of 2001, in order to be able to identify layoffs directly or indirectly
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
related to the September 11 attacks. Thus, data for 2001 pertain to the
4
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer
third and fourth quarters only.
used. For additional information, see the Technical Note.
5
Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the third
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data.
21
Table 18. State and selected claimant characteristics: Extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06
State
Layoff events
Percent of total
Total initial claimants for
unemployment
insurance
Hispanic
origin
Black
Women
Persons aged 55
and older
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
Total, private nonfarm1 ........
4,881
4,885
834,533
950,157
17.4
15.9
12.9
14.5
42.9
40.4
17.6
18.7
Alabama ....................................
Alaska ........................................
Arizona ......................................
Arkansas ....................................
California ...................................
Colorado ....................................
Connecticut ................................
Delaware ...................................
District of Columbia ...................
Florida ........................................
Georgia ......................................
Hawaii ........................................
Idaho ..........................................
14
21
18
10
430
43
36
2,077
3,572
3,296
1,626
76,766
5,803
6,832
(2)
(2)
343
72
13
39
52
27
20
13
941
37
52
3
3
347
86
22
29
(2)
(2)
58,252
11,767
1,406
5,093
8,321
4,450
2,661
3,049
165,828
4,911
11,257
3,211
306
60,914
17,218
2,644
3,741
40.2
3.3
2.9
47.7
9.0
3.3
11.4
15.7
35.7
16.1
54.7
1.4
.4
48.4
3.4
4.0
28.2
8.7
4.6
14.2
14.3
49.7
16.9
56.2
3.9
.4
2.1
20.7
43.4
7.0
36.5
32.6
9.3
2.0
19.0
31.6
1.1
16.1
20.8
2.7
17.9
44.3
2.8
35.8
32.1
11.1
1.2
13.7
31.5
1.2
23.1
20.1
41.2
32.6
40.2
64.5
52.5
34.7
53.8
20.4
58.1
47.5
60.5
32.5
46.7
52.7
32.4
58.7
43.3
40.2
39.2
47.6
17.9
64.4
44.2
46.7
27.8
39.5
21.5
17.4
18.4
16.6
17.2
18.4
21.5
15.0
23.3
19.2
17.3
14.7
20.0
18.5
21.4
18.2
18.7
15.5
19.8
20.8
15.7
20.9
19.0
16.0
13.9
23.0
Illinois .........................................
Indiana .......................................
Iowa ...........................................
Kansas .......................................
Kentucky ....................................
Louisiana ...................................
Maine .........................................
Maryland ....................................
Massachusetts ...........................
Michigan ....................................
Minnesota ..................................
Mississippi .................................
Missouri .....................................
455
107
55
32
75
389
21
5
80
295
155
63
93
408
98
27
29
74
48
20
73
82
292
143
21
94
84,289
21,550
10,348
4,379
8,857
49,949
3,180
493
13,224
57,223
23,886
11,028
17,044
77,594
18,707
7,359
3,925
8,576
6,816
3,320
9,288
12,326
111,555
20,750
2,461
16,386
21.8
10.1
1.8
11.0
11.7
58.7
1.8
37.3
9.2
14.5
4.1
46.3
18.2
20.9
8.8
1.9
11.8
7.4
56.1
1.1
50.2
10.8
22.7
4.2
62.2
19.0
13.9
3.3
3.0
3.3
.2
4.0
.3
2.2
3.3
4.6
7.8
8.5
.5
14.9
4.4
2.6
4.2
.3
2.3
.3
.6
3.7
3.5
7.4
2.0
.5
39.5
31.3
30.1
41.3
38.7
58.3
41.4
48.9
45.3
36.8
24.7
57.1
47.2
39.8
28.8
36.0
43.0
42.5
50.4
38.8
52.9
47.5
32.6
22.0
57.9
50.0
15.1
15.0
16.6
19.8
16.5
11.1
17.6
24.7
20.8
14.3
17.0
15.6
23.8
16.2
13.6
16.7
20.5
16.3
16.2
20.1
20.7
22.2
17.8
17.4
15.0
21.3
Montana .....................................
Nebraska ...................................
Nevada ......................................
New Hampshire .........................
New Jersey ................................
New Mexico ...............................
New York ...................................
North Carolina ...........................
North Dakota .............................
Ohio ...........................................
Oklahoma ..................................
Oregon .......................................
Pennsylvania .............................
22
23
12
14
163
10
443
76
7
306
11
49
279
22
13
11
17
163
18
404
58
6
234
13
61
301
2,010
2,283
1,378
2,094
28,075
1,210
75,311
15,210
1,072
44,826
1,811
11,457
55,027
2,777
1,491
2,876
1,928
30,517
2,327
79,472
9,053
1,144
45,890
2,585
13,485
68,968
.3
7.6
15.9
1.2
18.4
1.2
10.7
38.4
.2
11.8
11.4
1.4
9.0
.1
11.9
16.2
3.9
19.4
3.1
11.9
37.7
–
13.3
17.0
1.3
8.4
3.5
11.6
16.5
13.0
11.0
61.6
8.7
4.0
2.9
2.2
9.2
22.2
2.9
2.0
14.2
20.1
2.9
10.7
51.4
8.8
5.3
2.3
2.9
6.3
21.0
3.0
28.4
33.3
48.8
39.6
55.3
39.5
33.5
51.5
7.7
32.8
29.8
57.6
42.6
17.0
45.1
54.9
47.3
62.3
42.9
42.3
47.5
7.4
30.6
33.6
49.2
42.2
20.9
20.8
27.0
20.0
29.3
16.4
18.1
21.2
18.0
14.7
20.5
22.4
22.1
21.7
19.5
29.3
27.0
29.8
14.4
21.5
23.1
18.5
17.0
14.0
21.7
23.7
Rhode Island .............................
South Carolina ...........................
South Dakota .............................
Tennessee .................................
Texas .........................................
Utah ...........................................
Vermont .....................................
Virginia .......................................
Washington ................................
West Virginia .............................
Wisconsin ..................................
Wyoming ....................................
14
39
5
41
110
23
14
66
98
8
174
5
15
41
4
45
95
20
14
52
76
19
138
4
1,520
7,644
344
7,342
22,980
2,901
2,015
13,117
15,296
1,127
34,111
459
1,892
7,674
320
5,800
19,519
2,617
1,845
16,169
11,446
3,046
29,331
411
1.5
58.7
2.0
21.4
19.0
2.0
.5
42.7
5.3
1.0
4.7
.4
4.0
58.9
.9
18.7
19.5
1.3
.5
36.8
5.7
.8
4.4
.5
20.4
.5
1.5
–
39.3
18.5
.2
1.7
20.2
–
9.9
4.1
11.1
.3
6.9
.1
41.1
12.1
.2
2.4
18.2
–
9.8
1.5
42.6
62.1
27.6
52.6
38.8
44.1
38.1
52.9
39.3
24.0
36.5
34.2
66.5
55.9
37.8
48.6
42.4
41.8
33.7
41.6
37.5
29.0
35.3
40.1
19.6
6.6
25.0
26.2
14.2
10.4
19.0
17.4
16.6
15.4
19.3
33.8
29.3
3.2
25.0
30.3
14.0
12.7
19.0
19.8
17.3
21.2
20.6
36.5
Puerto Rico ................................
52
51
13,562
15,259
59.0
58.8
7.5
9.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
3
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
22
Data are not available.
Table 19. Claimant race and ethnicity: Percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason
for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06
1
Percent of total race/ethnicity
Measure
White
Hispanic
origin
Black
American Indian or
Alaska Native
Asian or Pacific
Islander
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
59.0
58.5
17.4
15.9
12.9
Mining ………………………………………………………
Utilities ………………………………………………………
Construction ………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade ……………………………………………
Retail trade …………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information …………………………………………………
78.7
84.9
77.4
62.5
56.0
54.2
57.7
58.7
75.6
85.2
70.0
61.1
47.2
51.4
59.3
60.5
3.4
7.8
5.9
13.0
12.8
24.3
22.4
16.6
4.0
5.6
5.0
17.4
13.4
19.1
20.3
14.1
Finance and insurance ……………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………
Professional and technical services ……………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………
Administrative and waste services ………………………
Educational services ………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
48.8
41.5
63.5
57.8
45.8
41.6
38.7
59.2
46.6
47.5
19.4
45.8
59.5
63.1
53.6
45.9
48.0
42.1
63.5
53.1
47.0
–
22.8
20.1
12.7
14.6
22.2
39.5
32.3
19.4
30.3
31.0
58.3
Business demand ........................................................
Contract cancellation ................................................
Contract completion .................................................
Domestic competition ...............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ..........................
Import competition ....................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ............................................
62.4
46.3
58.0
59.6
42.3
55.3
14.0
21.4
13.6
69.4
66.2
12.9
16.8
6.6
6.9
.4
.4
1.6
1.4
Organizational changes ..............................................
Business-ownership change ....................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ............
56.9
54.1
57.5
54.9
46.2
56.8
19.3
14.8
20.3
20.3
19.8
20.4
10.9
15.2
9.9
11.2
17.1
9.9
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
3.3
5.1
3.0
3.5
5.0
3.2
Financial issues ...........................................................
Bankruptcy ...............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ..........
Financial difficulty .....................................................
62.0
60.9
56.2
53.0
16.1
18.3
20.8
19.5
10.0
10.1
12.6
14.9
.4
.5
.5
.1
( )
57.0
( )
14.6
( )
21.2
( )
9.9
( )
12.0
( )
.4
( )
.5
4
2.6
1.8
( )
62.8
4
2.8
2.3
( )
3.1
( )
2.8
Production specific ......................................................
Automation/technological advances .........................
Energy related ..........................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ....................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................
Material or supply shortage ......................................
Model changeover ....................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ......................
Product line discontinued .........................................
63.8
51.3
46.8
60.8
38.6
46.2
16.2
17.6
10.9
18.3
31.4
14.5
8.0
14.7
24.0
7.7
10.0
25.6
(4)
4.6
4.9
10.3
7.5
10.7
.8
.5
.2
(4)
.5
2.1
.9
.5
1.1
.9
.5
.9
(4)
.4
.9
1.4
1.5
1.3
2.7
1.5
1.5
(4)
1.5
14.9
.4
3.9
3.5
3.3
1.9
1.7
(4)
2.3
3.5
2.5
.9
5.8
Disaster/safety ............................................................
Hazardous work environment ..................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ......................
Non-natural disaster .................................................
Extreme weather-related event ................................
33.1
30.8
47.2
73.0
32.9
60.5
33.0
80.3
49.7
63.5
51.8
65.9
39.6
8.1
52.0
15.1
37.2
4.7
40.5
7.4
6.4
0.3
11.9
5.2
6.4
15.9
25.5
4.1
0.8
20.7
.5
2.0
1.1
–
.5
1.6
–
–
4.0
1.3
2.4
1.0
–
.4
2.4
1.1
.6
.5
.6
1.4
Seasonal .....................................................................
Seasonal ..................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ...........
61.6
62.3
47.0
60.3
60.7
53.7
13.6
13.3
19.9
13.6
13.4
16.0
15.8
15.4
24.3
16.3
16.1
20.1
.6
.6
.7
.7
.7
.7
1.8
1.8
1.5
2.0
2.1
1.3
Other/miscellaneous ...................................................
Other ........................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .......................................
Data not provided: Does not know ...........................
54.3
45.3
53.3
67.7
54.0
42.8
55.0
60.9
18.9
19.2
21.4
11.7
19.9
18.1
20.2
20.6
12.6
17.4
11.4
10.4
12.8
19.1
11.7
10.4
.6
.7
.8
.3
.7
1.0
.7
.5
3.9
4.7
3.2
4.7
3.1
5.0
2.7
2.6
Total, private nonfarm2 .....................................
2005
2006
2005
2006
14.5
.6
.6
2.2
2.2
12.4
2.5
9.4
13.8
18.3
12.3
9.1
7.9
8.7
5.1
17.6
11.3
27.1
17.9
9.2
9.9
.9
.5
.8
.5
.4
.6
.5
.4
3.0
.2
.9
.6
.6
.6
.4
.5
.7
.3
.5
3.0
2.6
1.9
1.9
3.6
.3
.4
.8
2.6
3.0
2.2
1.3
2.4
15.9
10.3
12.1
18.5
19.7
27.8
23.3
12.5
22.0
31.0
–
11.2
15.6
9.2
13.7
21.4
5.9
19.1
8.6
10.2
12.0
–
17.3
17.2
9.8
16.5
22.9
8.1
23.9
10.0
10.7
12.1
–
.4
.3
.4
.3
.4
.7
.5
.5
.6
1.1
22.2
.5
.5
.4
1.2
.4
1.1
.6
.6
.4
1.6
–
4.2
1.0
2.6
7.3
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.2
2.7
1.9
–
6.6
3.1
3.1
6.3
1.9
2.3
1.6
1.4
2.8
1.5
–
14.6
24.3
11.4
12.5
18.3
17.1
15.2
21.4
22.2
.6
.6
.7
.6
1.5
.7
1.6
2.9
1.6
1.5
2.2
1.6
Industry
Reason for layoff3
1
(4)
(4)
62.9
4
(4)
69.4
54.9
74.8
58.8
57.2
(4)
(4)
60.5
4
(4)
79.1
39.9
52.2
69.0
51.6
(4)
(4)
22.4
4
(4)
8.2
7.4
20.2
23.3
23.4
(4)
(4)
29.5
4
(4)
7.8
42.3
30.7
17.2
15.4
33
Due
sums
percentages
within
Dueto
to some
some nonreporting,
nonreporting, sums
of of
percentages
within
race/ethnicity may not equal
(4)
(4)
7.7
4
(4)
8.4
4.6
2.9
5.4
9.1
(4)
(4)
4.5
4
(4)
(4)
1.3
4
(4)
(4)
.5
(4)
(4)
1.0
Seefootnote
footnote
table
See
1, 1,
table
7. 7.
Use
reason
begins
withwith
the first
2007 data.
Useofofthis
this
reason
begins
the quarter
first quarter
2007 data.
NOTE: Dash
Dash represents
NOTE:
representszero.
zero.
1
44
100.0 percent. may not equal 100.0 percent.
race/ethnicity
2 2 See footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
23
(4)
(4)
1.0
4
Table 20. Claimant age and gender: Percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for
layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2005–06
Percent of total by age1
Measure
Less than 30 years
30-44
Percent of total by gender1
45-54
55 or older
Men
Women
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
2005
2006
17.8
17.4
35.8
34.8
26.6
27.5
17.6
18.7
56.7
59.1
42.9
40.4
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
15.6
12.1
16.5
11.8
11.3
33.2
13.1
18.7
20.4
16.1
14.6
18.3
11.0
15.5
35.4
12.4
17.5
28.1
36.2
33.6
40.8
35.5
34.1
29.9
35.7
42.0
38.8
34.6
33.4
39.9
34.9
34.6
29.2
32.6
39.9
36.3
30.2
35.1
28.1
31.4
30.9
19.4
27.2
23.6
22.2
31.7
32.7
27.9
32.8
29.2
19.0
25.0
25.2
19.5
17.0
18.8
13.0
19.4
22.1
15.1
22.6
14.0
17.3
17.1
19.1
13.1
19.6
19.9
15.2
28.6
16.3
15.1
93.7
84.6
93.6
60.5
59.7
40.8
47.5
48.0
34.5
93.8
84.6
93.2
64.9
53.8
39.1
44.9
55.1
35.9
6.1
15.4
5.9
38.9
40.2
59.1
52.2
51.9
65.4
6.0
15.2
6.4
34.6
46.1
60.8
54.8
44.7
63.3
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
16.5
14.5
11.9
24.3
16.4
16.8
22.9
22.0
17.6
27.8
22.0
14.7
15.9
24.4
23.0
15.2
22.7
15.4
14.9
–
37.0
32.1
42.3
36.4
36.0
38.9
28.1
31.2
37.6
39.4
43.0
30.5
36.2
35.2
35.4
39.4
27.5
29.8
37.3
–
22.2
23.8
30.1
23.0
24.0
24.9
20.0
23.7
24.9
22.8
22.6
23.2
27.8
23.6
20.0
26.4
20.8
27.7
26.7
–
15.1
26.8
15.6
14.3
15.2
15.8
23.0
19.3
15.8
10.0
12.2
29.5
19.9
15.0
15.4
17.4
25.9
23.9
19.2
–
69.6
42.6
44.8
55.5
29.4
11.0
52.3
34.4
35.1
52.2
45.5
40.3
51.8
58.1
37.8
11.1
54.6
31.7
30.8
–
29.2
57.1
55.2
43.7
70.4
89.0
47.3
65.3
64.3
47.8
54.3
59.4
48.2
40.9
62.1
88.7
45.0
68.1
69.1
–
Business demand ....................................................
Contract cancellation ............................................
Contract completion .............................................
Domestic competition ...........................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ......................
Import competition ................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasona
business slowdown ........................................
16.8
20.6
19.0
17.2
19.1
20.3
37.3
39.3
38.1
36.7
34.4
37.9
27.8
24.9
26.1
28.6
25.3
26.2
16.1
14.6
14.7
16.1
15.5
14.2
65.3
56.9
69.7
69.0
55.5
74.2
33.9
42.7
29.5
30.1
44.3
25.1
(4)
(4)
9.6
(4)
(4)
10.4
(4)
(4)
33.8
(4)
(4)
34.0
(4)
(4)
32.5
(4)
(4)
30.4
(4)
(4)
24.1
(4)
(4)
23.9
(4)
(4)
50.2
(4)
(4)
53.5
(4)
(4)
48.8
(4)
(4)
46.2
14.4
13.7
36.3
35.6
29.8
31.9
17.2
17.9
61.9
64.8
37.1
34.2
Organizational changes ...........................................
Business-ownership change ................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ........
15.7
14.6
16.0
16.5
21.8
15.4
36.7
36.6
36.7
34.0
32.2
34.4
28.1
27.1
28.3
29.5
25.0
30.5
19.1
21.1
18.6
19.3
20.2
19.1
50.1
47.5
50.7
53.7
42.5
56.2
49.7
52.4
49.1
46.1
57.3
43.6
Financial issues .......................................................
Bankruptcy ...........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......
Financial difficulty .................................................
15.6
17.0
17.7
15.6
34.1
32.7
36.6
33.5
29.8
29.3
26.9
31.3
19.9
19.8
16.7
19.2
54.5
57.0
57.9
54.3
44.9
42.0
42.0
45.3
(4)
14.7
(4)
18.3
(4)
35.1
(4)
37.4
(4)
30.2
(4)
25.8
(4)
19.9
(4)
16.1
(4)
52.7
(4)
58.8
(4)
47.0
(4)
41.1
Production specific ..................................................
Automation/technological advances .....................
Energy related ......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............
Material or supply shortage ..................................
Model changeover ................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................
Product line discontinued .....................................
11.5
25.8
12.1
12.0
17.8
7.7
35.2
35.1
33.4
32.5
33.7
19.7
32.7
24.3
30.1
32.9
26.7
28.2
16.7
14.7
22.3
19.5
21.8
43.6
69.4
36.8
72.7
67.0
47.4
75.2
30.4
63.2
27.3
32.7
52.6
24.8
(4)
5.9
7.4
6.4
24.0
16.1
(4)
8.6
27.8
5.5
13.3
12.1
(4)
34.6
27.7
39.2
37.9
34.5
(4)
33.4
36.2
23.3
29.0
35.1
(4)
40.9
18.8
27.5
26.0
29.8
(4)
38.3
23.3
36.8
31.6
29.8
(4)
17.6
7.8
13.8
10.9
19.3
(4)
19.7
12.4
22.9
19.5
19.6
(4)
83.8
54.2
71.2
64.7
57.3
(4)
78.9
53.1
71.4
72.1
57.8
(4)
16.1
45.1
28.8
35.2
42.0
(4)
20.8
46.9
28.6
27.0
42.0
Disaster/safety .........................................................
Hazardous work environment ...............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................
Non-natural disaster .............................................
Extreme weather-related event ............................
29.0
1.5
30.2
54.0
29.1
16.2
24.4
15.7
8.3
17.8
32.5
1.5
34.0
27.4
32.7
33.6
47.0
30.8
12.3
38.6
19.0
1.5
19.5
8.1
19.2
25.6
18.2
26.9
13.6
29.4
11.5
0.3
16.1
10.1
11.6
13.0
10.2
23.2
8.8
13.1
45.4
47.2
68.0
48.4
45.2
75.0
43.8
49.8
51.2
87.6
54.6
52.8
32.0
51.6
54.8
24.8
55.9
50.2
48.8
12.2
Seasonal .................................................................
Seasonal ..............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......
18.2
18.5
12.3
17.9
18.2
11.8
35.1
35.0
37.3
33.1
32.9
37.4
25.8
25.8
26.0
25.9
25.7
27.9
19.4
19.4
18.8
22.1
22.1
21.5
53.9
55.8
16.2
50.7
52.5
21.0
45.9
44.0
83.8
49.1
47.2
79.0
Other/miscellaneous ................................................
Other ....................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...................................
Data not provided: Does not know .......................
16.8
12.3
19.8
13.8
19.5
21.9
19.7
16.8
35.4
32.7
35.8
37.4
34.3
31.4
34.6
35.8
25.3
26.9
23.4
28.7
24.0
25.4
23.0
25.5
16.8
21.4
13.9
19.7
17.3
19.9
16.6
16.9
51.0
50.8
51.4
50.4
54.9
53.1
54.0
58.5
48.6
48.0
48.5
49.6
45.0
46.7
45.9
41.4
Total, private nonfarm2 .................................
Industry
Reason for layoff3
3See
footnote 1, table 7.
See footnote 1, table 7.
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data.
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
Duetotosome
somenonreporting,
nonreporting, sums
sums of
of percentages
percentages within
Due
within age
age and
and gender may not
1 1
4
equal 100.0 percent.
gender
may not equal 100.0 percent.
2
2 See footnote 1, table 1.
4
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
24
Table 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by State, private nonfarm
sector, 2006
Continued claims without earnings1
State
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Final payments for
unemployment insurance 1
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
Number
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
950,157
1,772,997
1.9
121,632
12.8
Alabama………………………………………………………
Alaska…………………………………………………………
Arizona………………………………………………………
Arkansas………………………………………………………
California………………………………………………………
Colorado………………………………………………………
Connecticut……………………………………………………
Delaware………………………………………………………
District of Columbia…………………………………………
Florida…………………………………………………………
Georgia………………………………………………………
Hawaii…………………………………………………………
Idaho…………………………………………………………
8,321
4,450
2,661
3,049
165,828
4,911
11,257
3,211
306
60,914
17,218
2,644
3,741
22,778
3,757
4,533
2,561
315,202
10,786
24,454
3,190
492
133,321
34,396
2,568
3,395
2.7
.8
1.7
.8
1.9
2.2
2.2
1.0
1.6
2.2
2.0
1.0
.9
1,321
27
392
81
24,669
499
1,734
6
20
13,860
3,602
199
328
15.9
.6
14.7
2.7
14.9
10.2
15.4
.2
6.5
22.8
20.9
7.5
8.8
Illinois…………………………………………………………
Indiana…………………………………………………………
Iowa……………………………………………………………
Kansas………………………………………………………
Kentucky………………………………………………………
Louisiana………………………………………………………
Maine…………………………………………………………
Maryland………………………………………………………
Massachusetts………………………………………………
Michigan………………………………………………………
Minnesota……………………………………………………
Mississippi……………………………………………………
Missouri………………………………………………………
77,594
18,707
7,359
3,925
8,576
6,816
3,320
9,288
12,326
111,555
20,750
2,461
16,386
178,874
35,561
7,447
8,790
2,916
10,039
5,455
16,369
21,336
172,783
42,292
5,928
31,886
2.3
1.9
1.0
2.2
.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.5
2.0
2.4
1.9
9,578
2,569
257
563
1,417
613
732
1,022
1,821
10,508
2,141
441
1,118
12.3
13.7
3.5
14.3
16.5
9.0
22.0
11.0
14.8
9.4
10.3
17.9
6.8
Montana………………………………………………………
Nebraska………………………………………………………
Nevada ...........................................................................
New Hampshire .............................................................
New Jersey ....................................................................
New Mexico ...................................................................
New York……………………………………………………
North Carolina………………………………………………
North Dakota…………………………………………………
Ohio……………………………………………………………
Oklahoma……………………………………………………
Oregon………………………………………………………
Pennsylvania…………………………………………………
2,777
1,491
2,876
1,928
30,517
2,327
79,472
9,053
1,144
45,890
2,585
13,485
68,968
2,316
2,527
6,113
2,586
70,624
6,218
153,149
23,469
2,763
105,491
6,741
18,828
91,818
.8
1.7
2.1
1.3
2.3
2.7
1.9
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.6
1.4
1.3
192
317
299
53
4,200
87
9,238
2,626
295
6,078
438
1,021
4,720
6.9
21.3
10.4
2.7
13.8
3.7
11.6
29.0
25.8
13.2
16.9
7.6
6.8
Rhode Island…………………………………………………
South Carolina………………………………………………
South Dakota…………………………………………………
Tennessee……………………………………………………
Texas…………………………………………………………
Utah……………………………………………………………
Vermont ………………………………………………………
Virginia………………………………………………………
Washington……………………………………………………
West Virginia…………………………………………………
Wisconsin……………………………………………………
Wyoming………………………………………………………
1,892
7,674
320
5,800
19,519
2,617
1,845
16,169
11,446
3,046
29,331
411
4,560
14,732
628
19,368
34,042
3,322
2,995
23,717
23,165
7,969
44,023
724
2.4
1.9
2.0
3.3
1.7
1.3
1.6
1.5
2.0
2.6
1.5
1.8
188
1,084
34
1,894
2,883
138
238
1,743
1,111
183
2,924
130
9.9
14.1
10.6
32.7
14.8
5.3
12.9
10.8
9.7
6.0
10.0
31.6
Puerto Rico……………………………………………………
15,259
23,088
1.5
964
6.3
Total, private nonfarm2………………………………
Number
claims with earnings are excluded because such individuals are classified
as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is
collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.)
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim
activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once
a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week,
which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued
25
Table 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and
reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006
Continued claims without earnings1
Measure
Total, private nonfarm2……………………………………
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
Average number
filed per initial
claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
950,157
1,772,997
1.9
121,632
12.8
Mining ……………………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………………
Information ………………………………………………………
6,122
1,735
157,635
328,571
10,783
86,447
62,142
23,736
12,337
2,930
270,395
551,988
23,217
175,841
104,032
51,788
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.7
2.2
2.0
1.7
2.2
486
198
10,945
40,095
1,859
16,087
4,997
4,301
7.9
11.4
6.9
12.2
17.2
18.6
8.0
18.1
Finance and insurance …………………………………………
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………
Professional and technical services …………………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………………
Administrative and waste services ……………………………
Educational services ……………………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………………
Other services, except public administration …………………
Unclassified establishments ……………………………………
28,446
1,500
35,728
2,530
91,729
2,661
25,180
15,645
59,311
10,256
–
81,202
3,683
76,994
5,585
184,668
6,858
57,766
31,555
110,050
22,108
–
2.9
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.0
2.6
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.2
–
6,103
249
9,383
347
15,573
564
2,662
2,028
4,695
1,060
–
21.5
16.6
26.3
13.7
17.0
21.2
10.6
13.0
7.9
10.3
–
Business demand ................................................................
Contract cancellation ........................................................
Contract completion ..........................................................
Domestic competition .......................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ..................................
Import competition ............................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown .....................................................
350,964
10,355
183,684
556,293
28,259
309,947
1.6
2.7
1.7
39,015
2,707
22,958
11.1
26.1
12.5
(4)
(4)
11,737
(4)
(4)
29,947
(4)
(4)
2.6
(4)
(4)
3,120
(4)
(4)
26.6
145,188
188,140
1.3
10,230
7.0
Organizational changes .......................................................
Business-ownership change .............................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company .....................
147,655
26,403
121,252
352,721
78,600
274,121
2.4
3.0
2.3
28,050
7,109
20,941
19.0
26.9
17.3
Financial issues ...................................................................
Bankruptcy ........................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ..................
Financial difficulty .............................................................
37,069
7,577
87,478
19,614
2.4
2.6
6,651
1,535
17.9
20.3
(4)
29,492
(4)
67,864
(4)
2.3
(4)
5,116
(4)
17.3
Production specific ..............................................................
Automation/technological advances .................................
Energy related ..................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention .............................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ........................
Material or supply shortage ..............................................
Model changeover ............................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...............................
Product line discontinued .................................................
21,204
44,220
(5)
(5)
(4)
19,892
2,439
1,211
2,311
14,392
2.1
3.4
2.5
3,723
(5)
(5)
(4)
7,363
2,146
2,576
1,757
6,170
17.6
30.1
1.7
Disaster/safety .....................................................................
Hazardous work environment ...........................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ..............................
Non-natural disaster .........................................................
Extreme weather-related event ........................................
7,838
479
655
1,449
5,255
Seasonal ..............................................................................
Seasonal ...........................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise ....................
Industry
Reason for layoff3
(4)
2.7
1.1
.5
1.3
2.3
(5)
(5)
(4)
1,885
212
75
157
1,068
(4)
25.6
9.9
2.9
8.9
17.3
14,202
1,423
1,399
3,959
7,421
1.8
3.0
2.1
2.7
1.4
831
136
103
219
373
10.6
28.4
15.7
15.1
7.1
304,631
287,265
17,366
569,414
539,155
30,259
1.9
1.9
1.7
31,978
31,078
900
10.5
10.8
5.2
Other/miscellaneous ............................................................
Other .................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ...............................................
Data not provided: Does not know ...................................
80,796
15,375
46,734
18,687
148,669
36,682
85,974
26,013
1.8
2.4
1.8
1.4
11,384
2,972
7,091
1,321
14.1
19.3
15.2
7.1
Other selected measures
Worksite closures………………………………………………
Recall expected…………………………………………………
No recall expected………………………………………………
112,064
479,630
359,181
343,339
788,039
793,580
3.1
1.6
2.2
26,605
41,928
65,645
23.7
8.7
18.3
additional information.)
1
TheMass
Mass Layoff
(MLS)(MLS)
program
tracks continued
1
The
LayoffStatistics
Statistics
program
tracks claim
conactivity
for initial
claimants
with extended
mass layoffs
once
a
tinued claim
activity
forassociated
initial claimants
associated
with
exmonth
during
the
Current
Population
Survey
(CPS)
reference
week,
tended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Populawhich is usually the week including the 12th day of the month.
tion
Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week
Continued claims with earnings are excluded because such individuals
MLS claimants
is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
additional
information.)
3
See
footnote
table1.7.
2
See footnote 1, 1,
table
4
3
of this 1,
reason
with first quarter 2007 data.
SeeUse
footnote
tablebegins
7.
4 5
do not
meetbegins
BLS orwith
Statefirst
agenc
disclos
standards
UseData
of this
reason
quarter
2007redata.
5
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with
earnings are excluded because such individuals are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for
26
Table 23. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest
metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2006
Continued claims without
earnings1
Metropolitan area
Initial claims for
unemployment
insurance
Number
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
Average
number filed per
initial claimant
Number
Percentage of
initial claimants
receiving final
payments
Total, 369 metropolitan areas2……………………………………
498,984
954,925
1.9
62,352
12.5
Total, top 50 metropolitan areas3 …………………………..…………
386,964
720,095
1.9
44,892
11.6
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI ……………………………………..………
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………...……
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA ………...…
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ………………………...……..……
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD …………...………
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA ………………………..…………
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ………………..…………
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY ………………………………….……………
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA …………………..……………
Lansing-East Lansing, MI ………………………………..………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA ………………….………………
St. Louis, MO-IL ……………………………………….…………………
54,978
45,789
40,867
32,390
15,243
14,704
9,988
8,782
8,474
7,773
7,723
7,632
76,246
87,157
84,678
80,064
24,046
23,770
20,237
14,565
17,434
9,941
18,175
17,668
1.4
1.9
2.1
2.5
1.6
1.6
2.0
1.7
2.1
1.3
2.4
2.3
3,198
6,530
5,828
4,574
1,159
1,419
621
740
1,324
403
1,372
897
5.8
14.3
14.3
14.1
7.6
9.7
6.2
8.4
15.6
5.2
17.8
11.8
Pittsburgh, PA ………………………………………………….…………
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA ……………………………
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC ………………….……
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL …………………….……
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ………………………..…………
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA ……………………………..……
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN …………………………………..…
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX ………………………………..……
Modesto, CA ……………………………………………………..………
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH ……………..………………………
Toledo, OH ……………………………………………………...…………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX ………………..………………………
Rochester, N.Y.
7,358
6,539
6,507
5,812
5,810
5,717
5,703
5,655
5,496
4,807
4,276
3,908
3,873
11,567
11,952
8,728
17,453
9,008
12,014
20,559
8,399
8,252
9,065
5,782
7,939
7,794
1.6
1.8
1.3
3.0
1.6
2.1
3.6
1.5
1.5
1.9
1.4
2.0
2.0
841
465
262
2,054
851
969
2,066
630
826
614
234
601
468
11.4
7.1
4.0
35.3
14.6
16.9
36.2
11.1
15.0
12.8
5.5
15.4
12.1
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA ……………………………...………...……
Atlantic City, NJ …………………………………………..……………...
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH …………………………...……...………
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN …………………………...……………………
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA ………………………….………………………
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA ……………………………….……………
Baltimore-Towson, MD ……………………………...……………………
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV …………………………...……………………
Elkhart-Goshen, IN ……………………………..…………………………
Stockton, CA ………………………………..……………………………
Flint, MI …………………………………………………..…………………
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA ………………...………………
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA …………………..…………
3,734
3,542
3,379
3,299
2,925
2,872
2,764
2,695
2,642
2,542
2,470
2,435
2,380
2,772
7,578
9,634
5,682
1,655
1,929
4,848
5,878
3,603
5,397
3,132
5,852
4,671
.7
2.1
2.9
1.7
.6
.7
1.8
2.2
1.4
2.1
1.3
2.4
2.0
150
198
526
421
52
96
213
290
323
392
137
273
250
4.0
5.6
15.6
12.8
1.8
3.3
7.7
10.8
12.2
15.4
5.5
11.2
10.5
Lancaster, PA ………………………………………………..……………
Medford, OR ……………………………………………………..………
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ ……………………..……………
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI ………………………………….…………
Jacksonville, FL ……………………………………………….…………
York-Hanover, PA …………………………………………..……………
Reading, PA ………………………………………………….……………
Fresno, CA ………………………………………………..………………
Evansville, IN-KY …………………………………………………….……
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL ………………………………..…
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC ……………………………..……
Dayton, OH ………………………………………………………………
2,270
2,233
2,221
2,141
2,091
1,938
1,901
1,841
1,776
1,735
1,701
1,633
3,025
2,678
2,212
5,340
5,269
3,866
2,186
3,209
3,024
3,076
5,344
5,742
1.3
1.2
1.0
2.5
2.5
2.0
1.1
1.7
1.7
1.8
3.1
3.5
149
164
94
385
401
145
73
249
82
20
358
505
6.6
7.3
4.2
18.0
19.2
7.5
3.8
13.5
4.6
1.2
21.0
30.9
1
The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued
claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass
layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS)
reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of
the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because
such individuals are classified as employed in the CPS. Final
payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly.
(See the Technical Note for additional information.)
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
3
The 50 highest metropolitan areas in terms of the level of extended
mass layoff initial claims activity are shown.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown
in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin
07-01, December 18, 2006.
27
Table 24. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics,
private nonfarm sector, 2006
Characteristic
Total, private nonfarm2 ………………
Initial claims for
unemployment insurance
Final payments for
unemployment insurance1
950,157
121,632
12.8
165,288
330,816
261,287
177,536
15,230
19,917
39,970
32,141
28,007
1,597
12.0
12.1
12.3
15.8
10.5
562,014
384,063
4,080
60,518
60,840
274
10.8
15.8
6.7
556,029
151,424
137,533
5,930
21,008
78,233
61,149
24,630
21,418
733
3,043
10,659
11.0
16.3
15.6
12.4
14.5
13.6
Percentage of initial claimants
receiving final payments
Age
Under 30 years of age ……………………
30-44 ………………………………………
45-54 ………………………………………
55 years of age or over …………………
Not available ………………………………
Gender
Male…………………………………………
Female……………………………………
Not available ………………………………
Race/ethnicity
White………………………………………
Black ………………………………………
Hispanic origin ……………………………
American Indian or Alaska Native ………
Asian or Pacific Islander …………………
Not available ………………………………
1 1 Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected
See footnote
1, the
tableTechnical
1.
Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected2 weekly.
(See
Note for additional information.)
weekly.
(See the Technical Note for additional information.)
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
28
Table 25. Census region and division: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2004–06
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
Census region and division
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
United States1 .................................
5,010
4,881
4,885
993,909
884,661
935,805
903,079
834,533
950,157
Northeast ..................................................
1,141
1,064
1,068
187,601
168,088
177,055
218,793
187,278
211,525
New England .........................................
Middle Atlantic .......................................
225
916
179
885
200
868
37,510
150,091
30,047
138,041
43,262
133,793
37,390
181,403
28,865
158,413
32,568
178,957
South .........................................................
1,133
1,327
1,043
203,660
230,608
199,759
192,170
215,253
184,006
South Atlantic ........................................
East South Central ................................
West South Central ...............................
731
150
252
614
193
520
682
192
169
140,353
24,817
38,490
115,676
35,129
79,803
136,773
31,831
31,155
123,755
20,249
48,166
109,583
29,304
76,366
126,879
25,158
31,969
Midwest .....................................................
1,719
1,707
1,486
311,669
309,339
311,687
304,668
301,355
334,452
East North Central ................................
West North Central ...............................
1,365
354
1,337
370
1,170
316
251,907
59,762
246,238
63,101
259,336
52,351
250,899
53,769
241,999
59,356
283,077
51,375
West ..........................................................
1,017
783
1,288
290,979
176,626
247,304
187,448
130,647
220,174
Mountain ...............................................
Pacific ...................................................
170
847
172
611
161
1,127
46,073
244,906
51,355
125,271
44,335
202,969
25,901
161,547
22,150
108,497
22,321
197,853
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
See footnote 1, table 1.
NOTE:
States
District
of Columbia)
up census
the census
NOTE:
TheThe
States
(and(and
the the
District
of Columbia)
that that
makemake
up the
divisions
divisions
are:
New England–Connecticut,
Massachusetts,
New Hampare: New
England–Connecticut,
Maine, Maine,
Massachusetts,
New Hampshire,
Rhode
shire,
Rhode
Island, and
Vermont;
Middle Atlantic–New
Jersey,
and
Island,
and Vermont;
Middle
Atlantic–New
Jersey, New
York, New
and York,
Pennsylvania;
Pennsylvania;
South Atlantic–Delaware,
District ofFlorida,
Columbia,
Florida,
Georgia,North
South Atlantic–Delaware,
District of Columbia,
Georgia,
Maryland,
Carolina, North
South Carolina,
Carolina, Virginia,
and WestVirginia,
Virginia; East
Central–Alabama,
Maryland,
South Carolina,
and South
West Virginia;
East
1
29
South
Central–Alabama,
Mississippi,
Tennessee;
West South
Kentucky,
Mississippi, Kentucky,
and Tennessee;
West and
South
Central–Arkansas,
Central–Arkansas,
Louisiana,
and Texas;
North Central-Illinois,
Louisiana, Oklahoma,
andOklahoma,
Texas; East
North East
Central-Illinois,
Indiana,
Indiana,
Michigan,
Wisconsin;
NorthCentral-Iowa,
Central-Iowa,Kansas,
Kansas,
Michigan,
Ohio, Ohio,
and and
Wisconsin;
WestWest
North
Minnesota,
Missouri,
andSouth
SouthDakota;
Dakota;
MountainMinnesota,
Missouri,Nebraska,
Nebraska, North
North Dakota,
Dakota, and
Mountain
Arizona,
Colorado,
Idaho,
Montana,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Utah, and
Wyoming;
Arizona,
Colorado,
Idaho,
Montana,
Nevada,
New Mexico,
Utah,
and
and Pacific-Alaska,
California,
Hawaii,
Oregon,
and Washington.
andWyoming;
Pacific-Alaska,
California, Hawaii,
Oregon,
and
Washington.
Table 26. State distribution: Extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment
insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2004–06
Layoff events
Initial claimants for
unemployment insurance
Separations
State
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
2004
2005
2006
Total, private nonfarm ......................
5,010
4,881
4,885
993,909
884,661
935,805
903,079
834,533
950,157
Alabama .......................................................
Alaska ...........................................................
Arizona .........................................................
Arkansas .......................................................
California ......................................................
Colorado .......................................................
Connecticut ...................................................
Delaware ......................................................
District of Columbia ......................................
Florida ...........................................................
Georgia .........................................................
Hawaii ...........................................................
Idaho .............................................................
18
28
43
15
641
48
47
7
14
21
18
10
430
43
36
1,639
4,290
5,830
2,067
80,682
24,777
7,796
( )
(2)
70,295
8,462
1,353
5,537
3,709
3,548
7,059
1,454
129,252
6,752
9,538
2,004
(2)
85,432
18,024
1,918
4,237
9,522
10,875
4,375
3,546
160,807
18,488
18,147
1,781
306
77,660
11,981
2,921
3,745
2,077
3,572
3,296
1,626
76,766
5,803
6,832
( )
(2)
343
72
13
39
3,588
3,548
8,515
3,205
206,787
18,057
12,294
2,035
(2)
444
83
17
28
52
27
20
13
941
37
52
3
3
347
86
22
29
(2)
75,089
16,439
1,812
4,196
( )
(2)
58,252
11,767
1,406
5,093
8,321
4,450
2,661
3,049
165,828
4,911
11,257
3,211
306
60,914
17,218
2,644
3,741
Illinois ............................................................
Indiana ..........................................................
Iowa ..............................................................
Kansas ..........................................................
Kentucky .......................................................
Louisiana ......................................................
Maine ............................................................
Maryland .......................................................
Massachusetts ..............................................
Michigan .......................................................
Minnesota .....................................................
Mississippi ....................................................
Missouri ........................................................
461
108
62
40
75
68
25
9
95
290
134
17
76
455
107
55
32
75
389
21
5
80
295
155
63
93
408
98
27
29
74
48
20
73
82
292
143
21
94
107,090
21,311
8,693
8,683
11,018
11,093
7,230
1,969
10,007
45,626
20,060
2,589
14,737
101,106
18,373
9,614
5,003
11,038
59,162
6,457
905
10,009
44,490
24,562
14,165
20,045
86,832
17,120
4,130
4,430
9,444
10,812
4,711
8,643
14,612
67,132
20,128
3,680
19,121
88,915
22,617
10,677
5,798
8,367
7,453
4,616
1,547
15,282
57,868
18,838
1,746
13,152
84,289
21,550
10,348
4,379
8,857
49,949
3,180
493
13,224
57,223
23,886
11,028
17,044
77,594
18,707
7,359
3,925
8,576
6,816
3,320
9,288
12,326
111,555
20,750
2,461
16,386
Montana ........................................................
Nebraska ......................................................
Nevada .........................................................
New Hampshire ............................................
New Jersey ...................................................
New Mexico ..................................................
New York ......................................................
North Carolina ..............................................
North Dakota ................................................
Ohio ..............................................................
Oklahoma .....................................................
Oregon ..........................................................
Pennsylvania ................................................
13
26
14
19
181
6
416
67
11
288
20
74
319
22
23
12
14
163
10
443
76
7
306
11
49
279
22
13
11
17
163
18
404
58
6
234
13
61
301
1,933
4,790
4,163
2,483
30,968
1,593
75,487
10,511
1,523
41,385
2,276
17,198
43,636
2,789
2,453
1,424
2,116
35,471
1,220
70,565
13,831
1,076
48,553
2,042
20,863
32,005
2,726
2,794
3,261
1,871
39,058
2,317
55,573
6,301
1,290
59,293
1,665
17,195
39,162
1,122
3,289
3,655
2,490
33,841
1,149
75,146
8,420
1,533
41,955
2,780
12,739
72,416
2,010
2,283
1,378
2,094
28,075
1,210
75,311
15,210
1,072
44,826
1,811
11,457
55,027
2,777
1,491
2,876
1,928
30,517
2,327
79,472
9,053
1,144
45,890
2,585
13,485
68,968
Rhode Island ................................................
South Carolina ..............................................
South Dakota ................................................
Tennessee ....................................................
Texas ............................................................
Utah ..............................................................
Vermont ........................................................
Virginia ..........................................................
Washington ...................................................
West Virginia ................................................
Wisconsin .....................................................
Wyoming .......................................................
26
35
5
40
149
14
13
65
87
19
218
15
41
4
45
95
20
14
52
76
19
138
4
3,689
5,305
1,276
7,622
21,916
3,885
1,807
12,916
15,455
3,998
36,495
(2)
1,654
6,784
348
8,287
16,532
5,873
2,015
11,685
18,083
1,741
33,716
3,905
1,977
7,455
458
9,185
15,132
5,186
1,944
19,173
11,171
3,473
28,959
4,237
3,680
5,340
482
6,427
36,479
1,450
1,784
11,935
14,196
2,818
39,544
(2)
14
39
5
41
110
23
14
66
98
8
174
5
(2)
1,520
7,644
344
7,342
22,980
2,901
2,015
13,117
15,296
1,127
34,111
459
1,892
7,674
320
5,800
19,519
2,617
1,845
16,169
11,446
3,046
29,331
411
Puerto Rico ...................................................
40
52
51
4,868
6,545
7,551
9,465
13,562
15,259
1
2
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
30
2
2
Table 27. 50 highest metropolitan areas in 2006: Number of extended mass layoff events and separations, private
nonfarm sector
2005
Metropolitan area
Total, 369 metropolitan areas2………………………………………
Total, 50 highest metropolitan areas…………………………………
Events
Separations
2006
Rank1
Events
Separations
Rank1
2,912
468,988
…
2,700
452,876
…
2,128
350,694
…
1,887
335,743
…
1
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………………
108
16,944
4
260
39,638
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI ………………………………………
217
41,946
3
197
35,815
2
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA ……………
305
47,597
2
259
33,517
3
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI ………………………………………………
122
15,797
5
119
24,815
4
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA …………………………………
14
1,302
66
45
10,695
5
6
St. Louis, MO-IL ……………………………………………………………
40
11,249
7
36
10,334
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA ……………………………………
36
5,831
13
84
10,305
7
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ……………………………
77
13,360
6
68
9,644
8
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD ……………………
64
7,627
9
60
9,008
9
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FA …………………………
46
7,628
8
40
8,465
10
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA …………………………………
19
6,837
11
61
7,948
11
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC …………………………
14
2,794
30
12
7,893
12
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH ……………………………………
40
5,166
14
42
6,686
13
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA ……………………………
14
2,438
34
40
6,466
14
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN ………………………………………
28
4,343
22
20
5,908
15
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA …………………………………
33
6,440
12
51
5,701
16
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY …………………………………………………
37
4,860
18
3
1,385
63
35
(3)
5,520
(3)
17
Sandusky, OH ………………………………………………………………
Lansing-East Lansing, MI …………………………………………………
8
903
89
11
4,697
19
Medford, OR. ………………………………………………………………
5
4,680
20
5
4,605
20
Pittsburgh, PA ………………………………………………………………
40
4,377
21
36
4,126
21
Salt Lake City, UT …………………………………………………………
7
2,890
29
10
3,927
22
Atlantic City, NJ ……………………………………………………………
7
840
98
13
3,918
23
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA ………………………………
9
1,978
45
17
3,912
24
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA ………………………………………………
7
999
79
3
643
120
12
(3)
3,853
(3)
25
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT ………………………………………
Modesto, CA ………………………………………………………………
12
2,386
35
21
3,660
27
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH ……………………………………………
31
4,920
15
25
3,347
28
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX ………………………………………
44
4,900
16
24
3,324
29
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA ……………………………………
28
3,191
28
29
3,251
30
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX …………………………………………
16
4,201
23
28
3,093
31
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV …………………………………………………
8
1,019
78
10
3,080
32
22
(3)
3,601
(3)
27
17
2,871
33
282
25
2,744
34
10
1,747
49
7
2,661
35
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN ……………………………………………………
Baltimore-Towson, MD ……………………………………………………
Madison, WI ………………………………………………………………
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV ……………………
18
26
3
850
95
5
2,538
36
2,462
(3)
33
18
2,525
37
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN ………………………
19
(3)
114
10
2,482
38
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI ………………………………………………
20
2,505
32
18
2,424
39
Jacksonville, FL ……………………………………………………………
7
944
82
12
2,336
40
Rochester, NY ………………………………………………………………
17
1,674
52
25
2,289
41
Elkhart-Goshen, IN …………………………………………………………
5
521
140
13
2,100
42
Fort Smith, AR-OK …………………………………………………………
–
–
289
4
2,078
43
Toledo, OH …………………………………………………………………
17
(3)
1,995
(3)
44
1,990
(3)
44
234
13
(3)
2,351
(3)
36
6
1,840
46
Columbus, GA-AL …………………………………………………………
13
(3)
236
5
1,816
47
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ ……………………………………………
12
3,678
26
7
1,796
48
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA…………………………………
Norwich-New London, CT-RI ……………………………………………
Dayton, OH …………………………………………………………………
45
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA ………………………………………………
8
850
96
13
1,788
49
Fresno, CA …………………………………………………………………
13
2,077
42
14
1,755
50
1
2
3
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of separations in 2006.
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in
this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin
07-01, December 18, 2006. Dash represents zero.
31
Table
ofof
a recall
from
extended
mass
layoffs,
private
nonfarm
sector,
1999–2006
Table28.
28.Summary
Summaryofofemployer
employerexpectations
expectations
a recall
from
extended
mass
layoffs,
private
nonfarm
sector,
1999–2006
Percent of events1
Nature of recall
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
53.0
55.0
39.0
41.4
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
83.7
45.4
83.2
45.8
79.6
45.3
79.1
45.9
82.4
47.2
84.2
47.7
87.1
50.1
88.7
53.5
88.9
50.7
89.5
50.5
84.2
40.5
89.8
41.6
87.5
43.7
90.1
47.1
90.6
47.9
92.2
49.4
93.9
94.5
90.1
92.6
94.2
95.1
94.8
93.6
89.8
42.2
88.3
42.1
88.2
40.8
86.7
45.1
87.5
44.5
87.7
43.0
91.5
45.6
91.0
48.2
96.5
58.0
95.8
56.7
95.2
53.8
96.0
54.2
95.2
54.1
96.3
54.7
96.7
55.0
96.8
57.0
Anticipate a recall………………………………………………………
32.3
33.5
25.3
23.5
23.4
26.6
31.6
29.4
Timeframe
Within 6 months…………………………………………………………
Within 3 months……………………………………………………
74.6
50.0
75.4
51.6
71.3
49.5
68.6
47.0
74.4
51.4
77.1
56.9
78.5
58.7
84.7
62.7
Size of recall
At least half………………………………………………………………
All workers…………………………………………………………
77.8
40.0
79.8
40.8
73.7
27.8
81.3
24.5
75.5
27.3
77.7
31.9
78.9
34.3
84.3
36.2
ALL LAYOFF EVENTS
Anticipate a recall………………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months…………………………………………………………
Within 3 months……………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half………………………………………………………………
All workers…………………………………………………………
LAYOFF EVENTS DUE TO SEASONAL WORK AND
VACATION PERIOD2
Anticipate a recall………………………………………………………
Timeframe
Within 6 months…………………………………………………………
Within 3 months……………………………………………………
Size of recall
At least half………………………………………………………………
All workers…………………………………………………………
ALL LAYOFFS EVENTS, EXCLUDING THOSE DUE TO
SEASONAL WORK AND VACATION PERIOD2
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See footnote 1, table 7.
32
Table 29. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private
nonfarm sector, 1999–2006
Percent of layoff events
Measure
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
53.0
55.0
39.0
41.4
43.2
51.1
56.2
52.1
Mining …………………………………………………
Utilities …………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………
Manufacturing …………………………………………
Wholesale trade ………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ……………………
Information ……………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………
34.1
55.6
72.7
47.5
36.8
32.5
73.4
25.9
5.4
61.1
31.8
81.6
48.5
35.5
29.1
70.3
26.0
5.3
62.3
26.3
72.6
33.5
18.3
21.2
54.9
8.6
2.8
59.0
31.6
76.5
33.2
32.0
19.4
53.3
10.7
2.0
68.6
27.3
71.9
38.7
26.6
25.7
54.8
9.8
3.4
77.5
46.2
76.7
43.8
36.2
27.6
68.7
12.4
5.1
90.9
53.8
80.2
48.2
44.1
31.3
65.3
17.5
8.2
75.0
72.7
58.9
45.6
36.9
29.1
72.3
26.5
5.0
Real estate and rental and leasing …………………
Professional and technical services ………………
Management of companies and enterprises ………
Administrative and waste services …………………
Educational services …………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services …………………
Other services, except public administration ………
Unclassified establishments …………………………
61.5
50.4
33.3
37.9
55.6
63.3
83.2
70.2
80.5
30.4
41.2
50.8
50.0
52.2
54.5
56.6
81.7
73.5
82.3
32.3
24.2
20.6
37.5
38.8
33.3
68.4
76.2
55.0
72.0
28.9
29.4
30.9
25.0
37.2
57.9
63.1
82.3
62.3
72.5
9.1
13.6
32.7
35.0
31.3
48.1
60.9
68.6
64.8
66.7
57.1
23.1
42.4
23.8
34.7
68.8
69.7
83.3
69.4
64.8
50.0
31.6
46.8
17.5
42.6
50.0
69.1
77.8
65.8
71.3
–
29.4
52.9
33.3
41.1
60.9
79.7
81.5
73.8
81.5
–
Business demand .................................................
Contract cancellation .........................................
Contract completion ...........................................
51.8
25.6
46.6
58.7
27.4
57.0
41.4
16.7
52.2
39.4
13.3
53.1
40.9
13.6
41.6
44.3
9.0
38.6
48.9
15.5
42.8
43.5
14.1
36.6
Domestic competition .........................................
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
Excess inventory/saturated market ....................
Import competition .............................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasona
business slowdown ......................................
5
( )
5.3
5
( )
9.5
5
( )
9.2
5
( )
9.5
5
( )
5.4
5
( )
7.8
5
( )
5.4
(5)
9.4
69.6
69.8
42.3
36.8
47.8
62.0
64.8
63.0
Organizational changes ........................................
Business-ownership change ..............................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ......
10.9
7.5
12.4
9.2
3.3
11.1
5.7
4.3
6.1
4.3
3.9
4.4
6.5
5.8
6.6
5.7
4.7
6.0
4.5
1.9
5.2
5.0
4.8
5.1
Financial issues ....................................................
Bankruptcy .........................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ....
Financial difficulty ...............................................
6.6
2.8
5.3
2.6
6.4
2.4
5.5
3.7
5.1
2.3
1.9
–
4.0
2.2
5.0
1.8
5
( )
8.6
5
( )
6.8
5
( )
8.1
5
( )
6.3
5
( )
6.7
5
( )
2.7
5
( )
5.2
(5)
6.1
Production specific ................................................
Automation/technological advances ..................
Energy related ....................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..............
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .........
Material or supply shortage ................................
Model changeover .............................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................
Product line discontinued ...................................
49.2
20.0
50.0
48.1
–
40.0
42.3
36.4
20.0
40.4
40.0
33.3
48.1
–
–
45.1
–
–
40.2
33.3
–
44.7
12.5
100.0
(5)
61.5
70.0
80.0
92.3
17.1
(5)
46.4
83.3
77.8
84.2
20.0
(5)
58.3
40.0
53.8
100.0
5.0
(5)
57.1
44.4
40.0
83.3
7.1
(5)
57.9
80.0
66.7
95.8
2.9
(5)
45.2
80.0
77.8
94.7
8.6
(5)
55.6
50.0
71.4
90.0
15.0
(5)
72.2
70.0
66.7
83.3
11.1
Disaster/safety ......................................................
Hazardous work environment ............................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ................
Non-natural disaster ...........................................
Extreme weather-related event ..........................
81.8
7.7
–
80.3
28.6
–
66.1
–
75.0
(4)
97.3
(4)
85.9
4
6.7
90.2
82.0
66.7
100.0
37.5
91.9
83.6
60.0
33.3
–
95.8
95.7
50.0
100.0
100.0
96.8
42.9
100.0
50.0
100.0
42.5
80.6
25.0
60.0
60.0
89.6
Seasonal ...............................................................
Seasonal ............................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .....
93.9
93.9
94.2
94.5
94.3
98.7
90.1
89.4
99.2
92.6
92.3
97.5
94.2
93.9
98.1
95.1
95.0
97.3
94.8
94.5
100.0
93.6
93.3
98.2
Other/miscellaneous .............................................
Other ..................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ................................
Data not provided: Does not know .....................
8.7
20.2
1.0
1.8
9.8
26.8
–
2.7
9.2
15.0
–
1.7
6.7
16.7
–
.7
2.3
11.8
–
–
5.3
16.8
–
–
5.0
17.0
–
–
4.8
19.1
–
.9
Domestic relocation ..............................................
5.5
–
5.0
4.9
2.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.6
3
3
(3)
Total, private nonfarm1………………………
Industry
Reason for layoff2
Overseas relocation ..............................................
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
See footnote 1, table 7.
–
3
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no
longer used. For additional information, see the Technical Note.
4
Non-natural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the
2.3
1.3
4.4
( )
( )
third quarter of 2001, in order to identify layoffs directly or indirectly related
to the September 11 attacks. Thus, data for 2001 pertain to the third and
fourth quarters only.
5
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
33
Table 30. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations from which the employer
does not expect a recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006
Measure
Events
Total, private nonfarm1………………………………………
Separations
1,819
364,520
Mining …………………………………………………………………
Utilities ………………………………………………………………
Construction …………………………………………………………
Manufacturing ………………………………………………………
Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………
Retail trade ……………………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing …………………………………
Information ……………………………………………………………
Finance and insurance ………………………………………………
6
3
308
613
42
177
64
64
106
2,074
608
30,389
124,245
6,903
62,857
14,695
11,452
22,188
Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………
Professional and technical services ………………………………
Management of companies and enterprises ……………………
Administrative and waste services …………………………………
Educational services ………………………………………………
Health care and social assistance …………………………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………
Accommodation and food services ………………………………
Other services, except public administration ……………………
Unclassified establishments ………………………………………
10
56
8
246
9
33
18
42
14
–
859
12,534
948
52,922
966
4,654
3,988
10,573
1,665
–
Business demand ......................................................................
Contract cancellation ..............................................................
Contract completion ...............................................................
Domestic competition .............................................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ........................................
Import competition ..................................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ..........................................................
853
59
555
126,272
8,853
80,051
(3)
(3)
57
(3)
(3)
9,322
182
28,046
Organizational changes .............................................................
Business-ownership change ..................................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..........................
552
111
441
142,725
39,358
103,367
Financial issues .........................................................................
Bankruptcy .............................................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........................
Financial difficulty ...................................................................
200
51
43,509
15,084
(3)
149
(3)
28,425
Production specific ....................................................................
Automation/technological advances .......................................
Energy related ........................................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ...................................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ..............................
Material or supply shortage ....................................................
Model changeover ..................................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance .....................................
Product line discontinued .......................................................
48
7
–
11,816
998
–
(3)
(4 )
3
3
(3)
(4 )
556
1,210
(4 )
31
(4 )
8,571
3
3
521
521
(4 )
(4 )
(4 )
(4 )
(4 )
(4 )
Industry
Reason for layoff2
Disaster/safety ...........................................................................
Hazardous work environment .................................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ....................................
Non-natural disaster ...............................................................
Extreme weather-related event ..............................................
Seasonal ...................................................................................
Seasonal ................................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .........................
79
79
21,806
21,806
(4 )
(4 )
Other/miscellaneous ..................................................................
Other ......................................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal .....................................................
Data not provided: Does not know .........................................
79
59
6
14
16,254
13,078
783
2,393
See
1. 1.
Seefootnote
footnote1,1,table
table
2 See footnote 1, table 7.
See
footnote
1,
table
7.
3
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data.
3
11
2
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data.
34
4
Data4 Data
do not
BLS BLS
or State
agency
disclosure
domeet
not meet
or State
agency
standards.
disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
Table 31. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff,
private nonfarm sector, 2002–06
Layoff events
Separations
1
Reason for layoff
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2
Total, all reasons ..................................................
1,155
919
746
560
621
Business demand .....................................................
252
189
130
104
Contract cancellation .............................................
Contract completion ...............................................
Domestic competition ............................................
Excess inventory/saturated market ........................
Import competition .................................................
Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal
business slowdown ..........................................
61
13
28
21
39
20
22
15
4
( )
4
( )
49
4
( )
4
( )
78
4
( )
4
( )
31
4
( )
4
( )
32
4
( )
4
( )
36
( )
4
( )
10,614
( )
4
( )
17,672
( )
4
( )
6,272
( )
4
( )
6,091
( )
4
( )
6,151
129
62
40
35
31
23,027
11,237
6,333
5,712
7,932
Organizational changes ............................................
306
245
290
227
274
72,094
50,924
63,725
43,418
78,219
Business-ownership change ..................................
Reorganization or restructuring of company ..........
85
221
51
194
59
231
46
181
70
204
23,719
48,375
15,433
35,491
10,206
53,519
8,651
34,767
23,548
54,671
Financial issues ........................................................
371
291
210
144
143
120,888
81,691
47,007
32,990
34,122
Bankruptcy .............................................................
Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........
Financial difficulty ..................................................
155
122
70
59
41
63,346
42,824
16,759
16,654
13,207
(4)
216
(4)
169
(4)
140
(4)
85
(4)
102
(4)
57,542
(4)
38,867
(4)
30,248
(4)
16,336
(4)
20,915
Production specific ....................................................
16
16
3
( )
20
15
2,375
2,459
6,583
3,482
4,943
Automation/technological advances ......................
Energy related .......................................................
Governmental regulations/intervention ..................
Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............
Material or supply shortage ...................................
Model changeover .................................................
Plant or machine repair/maintenance ....................
Product line discontinued .......................................
–
–
–
–
(3)
4
( )
–
629
–
(3)
4
( )
(3)
–
( )
–
–
(3)
4
( )
(3)
–
( )
–
–
(3)
4
( )
–
3
–
( )
–
( )
–
Disaster/safety ..........................................................
Hazardous work environment ................................
Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................
Non-natural disaster ..............................................
Extreme weather-related event ..............................
(3)
10
(3)
(3)
11
( )
(3)
(3)
14
(3)
4
( )
(3)
3
( )
–
–
16
3
(3)
15
(3)
–
–
(3)
(3)
3
4
( )
5
3
3
( )
(3)
–
–
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
298,634
210,903
159,867
107,399
153,718
123
55,441
39,846
23,587
16,704
22,977
28
28
15,704
6,096
7,239
3,698
7,202
3,780
3,180
1,721
4,227
4,667
4
3
4
( )
(3)
–
–
–
11
5
–
( )
(3)
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
–
4
4
3
4
3
(3)
1,304
(3)
(3)
1,744
( )
(3)
(3)
4,285
(3)
4
( )
(3)
3
( )
–
–
2,699
(3)
606
(3)
2,353
1,743
–
( )
(3)
–
–
–
–
–
(3)
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
–
3
3
–
–
–
4
–
–
(3)
(3)
4
( )
1,396
3
3
( )
4
( )
(3)
–
–
–
4,342
3
Seasonal ...................................................................
3
( )
–
–
6
8
( )
–
–
585
513
Seasonal ................................................................
Vacation period–school related or otherwise .........
3
( )
–
–
–
–
–
6
–
8
–
(3)
–
–
–
–
–
585
–
513
–
Other/miscellaneous .................................................
88
70
91
44
53
22,717
13,900
18,782
7,867
11,201
Other ......................................................................
Data not provided: Refusal ....................................
Data not provided: Does not know .........................
44
7
37
39
5
26
66
6
19
31
3
10
38
4
11
10,956
1,180
10,581
9,460
1,016
3,424
14,992
927
2,863
5,593
490
1,784
8,458
582
2,161
Domestic relocation ..................................................
Overseas relocation ..................................................
80
38
70
35
( )
5
( )
5
( )
5
( )
5
( )
(5)
12,032
9,445
5
(5)
15,956
8,276
( )
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
1
See footnote 1, table 7.
2
See footnote 1, table 1.
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
4
Use of this reason begins with the first quarter 2007 data.
5
Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used.
For additional information, see the Technical Note.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
35
5
Table 32. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector,
private nonfarm sector, 2002–06
Layoffs
Separations
Industry
1
Total, private nonfarm ...................................
Mining ……………………………………………………
Utilities ……………………………………………………
Construction ……………………………………………
Manufacturing ……………………………………………
Wholesale trade …………………………………………
Retail trade ………………………………………………
Transportation and warehousing ………………………
Information ………………………………………………
Finance and insurance …………………………………
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1,155
919
746
560
621
4
–
16
357
28
94
24
30
36
2
( )
–
24
249
17
74
25
15
27
2
5
26
( )
8
2
(2)
34
13
( )
29
5
31
8
28
15
( )
16
3
20
11
–
–
–
11
5
2
2
( )
14
575
42
169
71
52
39
( )
18
469
42
123
29
37
39
5
24
4
72
Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………
Professional and technical services …………………
Management of companies and enterprises …………
Administrative and waste services ……………………
Educational services ……………………………………
Health care and social assistance ……………………
Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………
Accommodation and food services ……………………
Other services, except public administration …………
( )
30
4
17
17
(2)
20
4
64
–
27
7
18
12
Unclassified establishments ……………………………
5
1
2
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
2
2
( )
38
2
( )
35
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
36
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
298,634
210,903
159,867
107,399
153,718
( )
–
18
314
21
81
23
30
34
( )
2,820
116,142
7,099
74,152
25,682
10,745
9,279
( )
5,068
94,990
6,815
45,136
8,931
8,048
9,270
3
17
3
24
674
6,612
1,150
24,780
( )
5,954
3,685
3,307
3,430
( )
3,877
1,001
14,926
–
4,285
1,398
3,796
1,660
896
51
2
1,761
2
2
1,222
2
2
2
( )
–
1,377
67,228
4,265
40,784
7,852
6,537
5,510
2
296
2,970
367
5,226
789
–
2,718
71,013
4,815
24,921
5,423
8,282
8,714
( )
–
3,270
48,184
2,491
17,318
4,965
2,906
5,119
1,299
4,136
( )
1,503
2
( )
9,345
2
(2)
8,410
1,868
( )
5,609
568
5,818
1,208
4,935
2,517
–
–
2
( )
7,397
2
2
( )
3,109
320
6,150
1,387
–
Table 33. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector,
50 highest three-digit NAICS industries in 2006
Permanent closures
Industry
NAICS
2005
Events
2
Separations
2006
Rank
1
Events
Separations
Rank
Total, private nonfarm ......................................
…
560
107,399
…
621
153,718
…
Total, 50 highest industries .........................................
…
520
101,700
…
581
148,650
…
Food and beverage stores………………………………
Transportation equipment manufacturing………………
General merchandise stores……………………………
Computer and electronic product manufacturing………
Food manufacturing………………………………………
Textile mills…………………………………………………
Accommodation……………………………………………
Credit intermediation and related activities……………
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing……………
Administrative and support services……………………
445
336
452
334
311
313
721
522
326
561
24
35
15
18
34
13
14
17
14
28
7,924
7,371
2,201
4,200
6,053
1,794
2,706
3,973
1,932
5,409
1
2
16
6
3
20
13
7
18
4
24
51
20
15
31
26
13
27
26
22
16,587
13,273
11,883
7,278
7,264
5,549
5,124
4,784
4,302
4,108
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Machinery manufacturing…………………………………
Furniture and related product manufacturing……………
Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores………
Clothing and clothing accessories stores………………
Professional and technical services……………………
Air transportation…………………………………………
Apparel manufacturing……………………………………
Electrical equipment and appliance mfg…………………
Telecommunications………………………………………
Primary metal manufacturing……………………………
333
337
451
448
541
481
315
335
517
331
10
17
(3)
8
8
7
17
8
7
11
3,379
3,277
(3)
1,070
1,503
1,682
2,387
2,711
682
2,756
8
9
56
34
23
21
14
12
44
10
15
19
8
11
17
6
16
14
17
15
3,992
3,770
3,450
3,047
2,970
2,838
2,815
2,783
2,326
2,202
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Broadcasting, except Internet……………………………
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods…………………
Wood product manufacturing……………………………
Paper manufacturing………………………………………
Miscellaneous manufacturing……………………………
Fabricated metal product manufacturing………………
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods………………
Printing and related support activities……………………
Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing…………
Electronics and appliance stores…………………………
515
423
321
322
339
332
424
323
312
443
–
6
9
11
6
23
7
3
(3)
6
–
823
1,261
1,562
739
4,504
1,254
248
(3)
1,090
68
39
28
22
43
5
29
60
47
33
4
7
13
15
10
13
12
10
6
4
2,046
1,999
1,948
1,901
1,890
1,885
1,833
1,769
1,744
1,710
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Nonstore retailers…………………………………………
Support activities for transportation………………………
Nursing and residential care facilities……………………
Motion picture and sound recording industries…………
Truck transportation………………………………………
Hospitals……………………………………………………
Waste management and remediation services…………
Food services and drinking places………………………
Chemical manufacturing…………………………………
Specialty trade contractors………………………………
454
488
623
512
484
622
562
722
325
238
4
–
10
4
4
13
3
( )
14
5
14
833
–
2,104
1,323
761
2,718
(3)
2,229
1,112
1,916
38
68
17
25
42
11
65
15
32
19
4
4
8
4
6
3
3
( )
7
6
13
1,437
1,415
1,392
1,334
1,256
1,126
(3)
1,026
1,024
1,019
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing……………
Motor vehicle and parts dealers…………………………
Warehousing and storage…………………………………
Miscellaneous store retailers……………………………
ISPs, search portals, and data processing………………
Personal and laundry services……………………………
Water transportation………………………………………
Insurance carriers and related activities…………………
Transit and ground passenger transportation…………
Furniture and home furnishings stores…………………
327
441
493
453
518
812
483
524
485
442
5
–
6
4
(3)
11
(3)
8
5
6
792
–
1,480
592
(3)
1,175
(3)
921
635
1,269
40
68
24
49
45
30
65
36
48
26
6
3
4
3
( )
4
6
(3)
6
3
( )
4
1,012
929
796
3
( )
737
715
(3)
656
3
( )
501
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
11
22
3
Industries
Industries are
are ranked
ranked by
by the
the number
number of separations in 2006.
2006.
See
See footnote
footnote 1,
1, table
table 1.
1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
3
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
37
1
Table 34. Permanent worksite closures: Over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff
events and separations by State, private nonfarm sector, 2005–2006
State
Layoffs
2005
2006
Total, private nonfarm1………
560
621
Alabama…………………………
Alaska……………………………
Arizona…………………………
Arkansas…………………………
California…………………………
Colorado…………………………
Connecticut……………………
Delaware…………………………
District of Columbia……………
Florida……………………………
Georgia…………………………
Hawaii……………………………
Idaho……………………………
3
–
(2)
3
89
4
4
–
–
50
29
(2)
3
Illinois……………………………
Indiana…………………………
Iowa………………………………
Kansas…………………………
Kentucky…………………………
Louisiana………………………
Maine……………………………
Maryland…………………………
Massachusetts…………………
Michigan…………………………
Minnesota………………………
Mississippi………………………
Missouri…………………………
Separations
Change
2005
2006
Change
61
107,399
153,718
46,319
18
–
(2)
(2)
93
5
7
–
–
46
32
3
–
15
–
(2)
(2)
4
1
3
–
–
-4
3
(2)
-3
302
–
(2)
741
15,027
1,086
768
–
–
12,172
3,519
(2)
341
4,017
–
(2)
(2)
28,290
1,769
1,874
–
–
14,409
4,367
453
–
3,715
–
(2)
(2)
13,263
683
1,106
–
–
2,237
848
(2)
-341
29
9
3
4
14
14
4
(2)
6
26
3
7
9
32
15
6
9
11
5
(2)
6
7
36
(2)
5
9
3
6
3
5
-3
-9
(2)
(2)
1
10
(2)
-2
–
7,090
2,734
1,720
592
2,186
1,974
772
(2)
1,144
4,485
440
1,184
1,435
8,757
4,544
1,760
1,596
1,499
1,698
(2)
904
1,736
6,962
(2)
621
3,474
1,667
1,810
40
1,004
-687
-276
(2)
(2)
592
2,477
(2)
-563
2,039
Montana…………………………
Nebraska………………………
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
New Jersey ............................
New Mexico ............................
New York………………………
North Carolina…………………
North Dakota……………………
Ohio………………………………
Oklahoma………………………
Oregon…………………………
Pennsylvania……………………
–
(2)
3
(2)
28
(2)
61
30
–
31
6
3
5
(2)
5
4
(2)
31
3
54
28
–
47
6
5
8
(2)
–
(2)
344
(2)
5,248
(2)
10,309
4,952
–
6,060
1,507
500
1,319
(2)
1,451
1,862
(2)
7,541
646
7,052
3,218
–
16,346
693
680
1,448
(2)
(2)
1
(2)
3
(2)
-7
-2
–
16
–
2
3
(2)
1,518
(2)
2,293
(2)
-3,257
-1,734
–
10,286
-814
180
129
Rhode Island……………………
South Carolina…………………
South Dakota……………………
Tennessee………………………
Texas……………………………
Utah………………………………
Vermont…………………………
Virginia…………………………
Washington……………………
West Virginia……………………
Wisconsin………………………
Wyoming…………………………
–
(2)
–
24
18
(2)
(2)
12
4
(2)
7
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2
2
(2)
(2)
–
-1
(2)
-4
–
–
(2)
–
6,271
3,863
(2)
(2)
2,123
757
(2)
2,155
–
(2)
(2)
(2)
26
20
(2)
(2)
12
3
5
3
–
(2)
(2)
7,259
6,144
(2)
(2)
4,600
705
1,045
601
–
(2)
(2)
988
2,281
(2)
(2)
2,477
-52
(2)
-1,554
–
1
See footnote 1, table 1.
2
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
NOTE: Dash represents zero.
38
Table 35. Permanent worksite closures: Extended mass layoff events and separations, 25 highest metropolitan areas,
private nonfarm sector, 2006
2005
Metropolitan Area
2006
Events
Separations
Rank1
Events
Separations
Rank1
413
76,450
…
410
90,358
…
Total, 25 highest metropolitan areas…………………………………
246
48,439
…
227
58,014
…
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA………………………………
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA………………
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA……………………………………
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL……………………………
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI………………………………………
St. Louis, MO-IL……………………………………………………………
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI…………………………………………………
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV……………………
29
57
3
14
16
7
7
3
( )
5,102
10,202
265
1,687
3,353
1,083
1,249
3
( )
2
1
69
8
4
15
13
36
45
45
5
17
13
6
17
3
8,572
7,423
5,546
3,742
2,437
2,358
2,220
2,157
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN………………………
Atlantic City, NJ……………………………………………………………
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV……………………………………………………
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN…………………………………………
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX………………………………………
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX……………………………………………
Lansing-East Lansing, MI…………………………………………………
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA………………………………
3
( )
–
(3)
6
6
3
–
4
(3)
–
(3)
837
903
844
–
635
39
135
71
22
20
21
135
27
6
(3)
4
5
5
8
(3)
3
1,940
(3)
1,862
1,656
1,655
1,654
(3)
1,457
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA……………………………………
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC………………………………………
Anderson, IN…………………………………………………………………
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH………………………………………………
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA………………………………………
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC……………………………………………
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI………………………………………………
Dayton, OH…………………………………………………………………
Pittsburgh, PA………………………………………………………………
12
(3)
–
4
12
(3)
(3)
3
–
1,396
(3)
–
1,228
1,493
(3)
(3)
924
–
12
128
135
14
11
55
42
19
135
7
3
(3)
6
11
4
6
(3)
3
1,327
1,257
(3)
1,164
1,121
1,112
1,015
(3)
833
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2
Total, 369 metropolitan areas ………………………………………
1
2
3
NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown
in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and Budget
Bulletin 07-01, December 18, 2006. Dash represents zero.
Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of separations in 2006.
See footnote 1, table 1.
Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards.
39
Technical Note
T
he Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a FederalState program that uses a standardized, automated
approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the
effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each State’s
unemployment insurance (UI) database. Establishments that
have at least 50 initial claims for unemployment insurance filed
against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted
by the State agency to determine whether these separations are
of at least 31 days’ duration, and, if so, information is obtained
on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for
these separations. Establishments are identified according
to industry classification and location, and unemployment
insurance claimants are identified by such demographic
factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence.
The MLS program yields information on an individual’s
entire spell of unemployment, to the point at which regular
unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted.
Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass
layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the
private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff
information for agriculture and government are no longer
collected.
With the release of first quarter 2007 extended mass
layoff data, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics introduced
improvements to the presentation of data on economic
reasons for extended mass layoffs. Clearer definitions and
titles for many of the current reasons were introduced and
four new reasons were added. In addition, seven higher
level categories—business demand, disaster and safety,
financial, organizational, production, seasonal, and other and
miscellaneous—are used to aggregate and report the detailed
economic reasons for layoff. Because of these changes,
data beginning with the first quarter of 2007 are not strictly
comparable to previous quarters. For additional information
on the changes to the MLS reasons, including a detailed
definition of each reason and a crosswalk of the new to the
old reasons, please see https://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm.
Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department
of Commerce, are telephone apparatus manufacturing; audio
and video equipment manufacturing; broadcast and wireless
communications equipment; fiber optic cable manufacturing;
software reproducing; and magnetic and optical recording
media manufacturing.
Communications services. The industries included in this
grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003,
Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department
of Commerce, are wired telecommunications carriers; cellular and other wireless carriers; telecommunications resellers; cable and other program distribution; satellite telecommunications; other telecommunications; and communication
equipment repair.
Computer hardware. The industries included in this
grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003,
Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department
of Commerce, are semiconductor machinery manufacturing;
office machinery manufacturing; electronic computer
manufacturing; computer storage device manufacturing;
computer terminal manufacturing; other computer peripheral
equipment manufacturing; electron tube manufacturing;
bare printed circuit board manufacturing; semiconductors
and related device manufacturing; electronic capacitor
manufacturing; electronic resistor manufacturing; electronic
coils, transformers, and inductors; electronic connector
manufacturing; printed circuit assembly manufacturing;
other electronic component manufacturing; industrial
process variable instruments; electricity and signal testing
instruments; analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing;
computer and software merchant wholesalers; and computer
and software stores.
Definitions
Clothing manufacturing and distribution. Industries involved
in the production and distribution of clothing. These
industries include textile mills; apparel manufacturing;
footwear manufacturing; apparel and piece goods merchant
wholesalers; clothing stores; shoe stores; department stores;
and formal wear and costume rental.
Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by
mail, by telephone, or in person, for waiting period credit or
payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS
program collects continued claims for 1 week each month.
That is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day
of the month, and it is referred to as the Current Population
Survey (CPS) reference week. Because continued claims are
not tracked for all weeks, an exact measure of insured jobless
duration is not available.
Communications equipment. The industries included in
this grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003,
Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which
predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted.
40
Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for
unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment
during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated
for more than 30 days.
services; office equipment rental and leasing; and computer
and office machine repair.
Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or
single-unit establishments or the partial closure of a multiunit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs
are closed or are planned to be closed with no employer
expectation of recall.
Final payment recipients. Persons who have exhausted all
of their unemployment insurance benefits and are no longer
eligible for any further benefits.
Food processing and distribution. Industries that are involved
in the production and distribution of food. These industries
include food manufacturing; beverage manufacturing; grocery
and related product wholesalers; other farm product raw
material merchant wholesalers; alcoholic beverage merchant
wholesalers; farm supplies merchant wholesalers; food and
beverage stores; food (health) supplement stores; refrigerated
warehousing and storage; farm product warehousing and
storage; veterinary services; and food services and drinking
places.
Movement-of-work concepts and questions
Because of the employer interview component, BLS decided
to use the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional
information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with job
loss by adding questions that address movement of work. The
term “moving work” means that the company experiencing
the layoff has reassigned work activities that were performed
at a worksite by the company’s employees (1) to another
worksite within the company; (2) to another company under
formal arrangements at the same worksite; or (3) to another
company under formal arrangements at another worksite.
The type of work activities subject to movement can include
accounting, customer service, cleaning, warehousing, etc.
“Overseas relocation” is the movement of work from
within the United States to locations outside of the United
States. Overseas relocation can occur within the same
company and involve movement of work to a different
location of that company outside of the United States, or to a
different company altogether.
“Domestic relocation” is the movement of work to other
locations inside the United States, either within the same
company or to a different company.
“Overseas relocation” and “domestic relocation” are no
longer used in the same way as they were in earlier extended
mass layoff reports. Therefore, the data presented in this
report are not comparable to those that were presented in
earlier reports.
Questions on movement of work and location are asked
for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation
is other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period.” Seasonal
and vacation layoff events were excluded because movement
of work appears unlikely.
Questions on movement of work are asked after the
State analyst verifies that a layoff in fact occurred and
lasted more than 30 days, and obtains the total number of
workers separated from jobs, the date the layoff began, and
the economic reason for the layoff. If the reason for layoff
is other than seasonal or vacation, the employer is asked the
following questions:
Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of
unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination
of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a
subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or
period of eligibility.
Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part
of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve
both persons who are subject to recall and those who are
terminated.
Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment
insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a
given month, regardless of duration.
Movement-of-work action. Relocation of work within the
same company or to other companies, domestically or outside
the United States. Because employers may cite more than one
location to which work is moving, a layoff event may have
more than one action associated with it.
Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations
specifically associated with movement-of-work actions.
Separations. The total number of people laid-off in an
extended mass layoff event for more than 30 days, according
to the employer.
Software and computer services. The industries included in
this grouping, which are from the Digital Economy, 2003,
Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Department
of Commerce, are software publishers; Internet service
providers; Web search portals; data-processing and related
services; computer and software merchant wholesalers;
computer and software stores; custom computer programming
services; computer systems design services; computer
facilities management services; other computer-related
(1) “Did this layoff include your company moving work
from this location(s) to a different geographic location(s)
within your company?”
(2) “Did this layoff include your company moving work
that was performed in-house by your employees to a different
company, through contractual arrangements?”
41
A “yes” response to either question is followed by:
MLS program and associated characteristics of claimants
is based on administrative data on covered establishments
and unemployment insurance claims, and, therefore, is not
subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling
errors, such as typographical errors, may occur but are not
likely to be significant. While the MLS establishments and
layoff events are not subject to sampling error, and all such
employers are asked the employer interview questions,
the employer responses are subject to nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including
the inability to obtain information for all respondents,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing
of the data. For 2006, outright refusal to participate in the
employer interview accounted for 3.6 percent of all private
nonfarm events. Employers in 117 instances were included
in the total number of actions entailing movement of
work, but they were unable to provide the number of
separations specifically associated with the movement of
work. Out-of-country moves were involved in 34 of these
instances.
Material in this report is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The
information in this report is available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-7828;
Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. E-mail address:
[email protected].
“Is the location inside or outside of the United States?” and
“How many of the layoffs were a result of this relocation?”
Layoff actions are classified as “overseas relocation” if
the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2, and
indicates that the location(s) was outside of the United States.
Layoff actions are classified as “domestic relocation” if the
employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates
that the location(s) was within the United States.
After asking the movement-of-work questions, the
State analyst continues the employer interview and obtains
responses to questions on recall expectations and open or
closed status of the worksite.
The MLS program uses a range to report separations
associated with movement of work. The data provided by
respondents on the number of separations associated with
specific movement-of-work actions establish a lower bound.
The upper bound is the total number of separations in extended
mass layoff events in which there was some movement of
work. The difference between the lower and upper bounds
includes an unknown number of separations that were not due
to movement of work and an unknown number of separations
from movement-of-work actions for which employers could
not provide details.
Reliability of the data
The identification of establishments and layoff events in the
42