ment declined significantly, dampening the employment opportunities available to young people . The percentage of
out-of-school young men working full time in manufacturing fell sharply between October 1979 and October 1986, as
shown in the following tabulation :
Age
16
18
20
22
and 17 years
and 19 years
and 21 years
to 24 years .
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. .
.. .
. . .
. . .
.
.
.
.
..
. .
. .
. .
...
. ..
. ..
., .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1979
1986
15 .1
27 .0
29 .7
28 .0
6 .7
13 .6
22 .2
20 .6
The disadvantages of young workers, such as lack of
experience and training, would have been especially pronounced in manufacturing, where the lack of employment
growth created a substantial pool of available older workers .
And, the slow growth in manufacturing employment would
have affected young men more than women, because young
men made up about two-thirds of the youth work force in
manufacturing. This could explain in part why young men
were worse off in 1986 relative to their 1979 employment
status than were young women .
THE FIRST HALF of the 1980's was the beginning of a period
of declining youth population, a development that will continue into the mid-1990's . Although this decline was expected to lead to a better employment situation for youths,
no clear improvements are evident . While further decreases
in the youth population may yet lead to improvements, the
experience of the first half of the decade indicates that youth
employment problems are not easily overcome .
FOOTNOTESI The data used in the analysis for the most part are annual averages
derived from the Current Population Survey (cps), which is a monthly
sample survey of 59,500 households nationwide and the principal source of
information on U .S . labor force and employment trends . The cps is conducted by the Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics . Labor force
data by school enrollment are from the October supplement to the cps,
which has provided such information since 1959 . Monthly estimates of the
school enrollment status of youths have been available starting with the
data for January 1985 . See Anne McDougall Young, "New monthly data
series on school age youth," Monthly Labor Review, July 1985, pp . 49-50.
These data were not used due to the limited historical series .
z Four Years After High School : A Capsule Description of 1980 Seniors,
cs 86-210 (U . S . Department of Education, Center for Statistics, Office of
Educational Research and Improvement, August 1986), p. 9.
3 Martha Brannigan, "A Shortage of Youths Brings Wide Changes to the
Labor Market," The Wall Street Journal, Sept . 2, 1986, pp . 1 and 21 ; Dirk
Johnson, "Labor Scarcity Is Forcing Up Low Level Pay," The New York
Times, Mar. 17, 1986, pp . B 1-2; and Caroline E . Mayer, "Low Level Jobs
Remain Unfilled," The Washington Post, Nov . 25, 1985, Washington
Business pp . I and 126-27 .
a If the participation rate of persons
16 to 24 years old had not changed
over the period, the increase in the youth labor force would have been only
about 50 percent .
5 For a discussion of the relation between youth labor force participation
and the business cycle, see Kim B . Clark and Lawrence H. Summers,
"Demographic Differences in Cyclical Employment Variation," The Journal g1 Human Resources, Winter 1981, pp . 61-77 .
6 Arvil V. Adams, Garth L. Mangum, and Stephen F. Seninger, The
Lingering Crisis of Youth Unemployment (Kalamazoo, Mt, W.E . Upjohn
Institute for Employment Research, June 1978), p. 5.
7 David E. Bloom and Richard B. Freeman,
"The `Youth Problem' Age
or Generational Crowding?" Working Paper Series No . 1829 (Cambridge,
MA, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc ., February 1986);
Norman Bowers, "Young and marginal : an overview of youth employ ment," Monthly La bor Review, October 1979, pp . 4-16 ; and Albert Rees,
"An Essay on Youth Joblessness," Journal of Economic Literature, June
1986, pp . 613-28 .
Weekly earnings in 1986 :
a look at more than 200 occupations
EARL F. MELLOR
The Bureau of Labor Statistics has updated its series on the
weekly earnings of wage and salary workers who usually
work full time . This summary presents 1986 usual weekly
earnings in 230 occupations and, for many occupations, the
female-to-male earnings ratio. It is the only source from
which such detailed data are available on an annual basis.
Median earnings vary greatly among occupations . For
example, workers in three of the engineering specialties had
median weekly earnings of $700 or more in 1986-about
twice the overall median of $358 . This was also the case for
such workers as economists, lawyers, and airplane pilots
and navigators . By comparison, private household workers
and those employed in "food counter, fountain, and related
occupations" had median earnings below $160 a week .
These data are shown in table 1, which provides information
on wage and salary workers (excluding the incorporated
self-employed) who usually work 35 or more hours per
week .
Within occupations, there is likely to be a wide range of
earnings because each occupation encompasses diverse jobs
with differences in educational requirements, skill levels,
market demand, and other variables . Also, workers in each
specialty may have different duties, responsibilities, workweeks, and job tenure . For example, included under physicians are nearly 100 specific titles, ranging from interns to
neurosurgeons .
As was the case in previous years, the 1986 data are
limited to occupations in which there are at least 50,000
full-time wage and salary workers . There are not enough
observations to compute reliable medians for those occupations with fewer than 50,000 workers . Even for the median
earnings shown in table 1, caution must be used in interpreting small differences between groups, particularly when the
number of workers in a job category is also relatively small . 1
Information on weekly earnings of wage and salary workers has been collected since 1967 through the Current Population Survey (cps). Prior to 1979, these earnings data were
Earl F. Mellor is an economist in the Division of Labor Force Statistics,
Office of Current Employment Analysis, Bureau of Labor Statistics .
41
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW
Table 1 .
Research Summaries
June 1987 is
Median weekly earnings of wage and salary workers who usually work full time in occupations employing 50,000 or
more, by sex, 1986 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Both sexes
Occupation
Managerial and professional specialty occupations . . . . .
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations
Administrators and officials, public administration . . .
Financial managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Personnel and labor relations managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchasing managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,751
87
95
55
Civil engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
209
Mathematical and computer scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems analysts and scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
588
337
57
67
680
610
320
255
474
478
1,592
589
503
375
500
567
485
397
485
45
109
321
63
148
79
146
511
191
283
203
339
116
59
254
676
577
708
721
759
741
(1)
407
617
673
48.1
691
104
580
83 .9
6.3
36.2
35 .0
92
37
188
624
(1)
722
24
22
66
(1)
(1)
499
(1)
(1)
69.1
20 .7
37 .3
26 .0
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.. .
. .
. .
240
1,076
. .
. .
198
146
150
139
229
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
100
750
423
60
226
Lawyers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
314
Economists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Psychologists . . . . .
Social, recreation, and
Social workers . . . .
Recreation workers
Clergy . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .. . . ... . . ..
religious workers
. . . .. . . .. . . . ..
. . ... . . .. . . ...
. . ... . ... . . ...
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.. . .
.. . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.. ..
.. ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
Lawyers and judges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... . . ..
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Designers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actors and directors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Painters, sculptors, craft artists, and artist printmakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
96
342
979
292
55
86
59
728
497
490
613
(1)
415
(1)
59
1,220
984
38
50
136
36
274
481
704
4
518
59
491
389
399
232
396
51
413
163
23
210
767
234
767
455
490
423
385
392
256
589
182
32
49
42
511
471
37 .9
21 .8
342
400
(1)
(1)
69.4
90.3
93.5
(1)
(1)
96.4
(1)
122
2,048
479
411
73 .0
82 .0
27.5
71 .0
490
1,001
415
84 .7
85.3
(1)
535
(1)
(1)
683
169
74
123
118
98
417
471
410
408
470
(1)
88 .0
(1)
(1)
68 .8
(1)
508
794
236
558
37
505
449
458
73.5
78.1
279
443
(1)
(1)
87 .2
(1)
581
420
451
(1)
400
49
337
260
37
16
(1)
350
369
(1)
(1)
(1)
83 .3
81 .8
(1)
(1)
806
79
624
77.4
812
504
574
(1)
(1)
(1)
85
609
390
110
374
350
23
36
17
75.0
74.2
61 .0
26 .9
83 .3
92 .1
34 .9
94 .3
69 .7
56 .3
98.3
51 .9
85.4
50.7
82.0
84.9
42.8
38.5
49.0
44.9
61 .5
61 .7
7 .1
24 .9
25 .2
39 .8
37 .7
373
440
(1)
77 .7
63 .0
41 .8
41 .9
28.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
92
63
(1)
46.2
48.5
107
67
480
698
24,060
320
8,977
437
15,083
282
64 .5
62.7
94
281
383
300
32
9
(1)
(1)
62
272
367
299
(1)
(1)
66.0
96 .8
199
130
Technical, sales, and administrative support occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiologictechnicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Licensed practical nurses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at end of table .
160
243
84
71
3
58
28
77
74
425
518
Editors and reporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public relations specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technicians and related support occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health technologists and technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
653
456
460
607
336
404
386
695
603
29
72
27
21
131
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7.8
9.9
3.9
3.3
74.9
78.2
424
494
425
423
569
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
(1)
(1)
521
537
172
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4.2
10.9
(1)
213
118
127
265
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
696
687
422
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
6.6
11 .5
375
219
1,173
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
(1)
(1)
80 .4
(1)
54.7
55.4
19.9
40
19
11
Teachers, elementary school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teachers, secondary school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teachers, special education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counselors, educational and vocational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Librarians, archivists, and curators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Librarians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social scientists and urban planners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
6
551
(1)
67 .8
62 .7
(1)
715
647
695
656
501
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
46 .5
39 .2
71 .5
322
836
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
47 .0
45 .5
428
600
437
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
69 .0
71 .8
24 .0
42 .0
4,965
115
10
394
62.6
71 .6
599
620
279
40
463
343
62.5
411
314
(1)
443
2,884
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
67
124
474
workers
179
98
36
606
501
508
Teachers, college and university . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teachers, except college and university . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
52
33
weekly
(1)
722
(1)
471
173
272
of
63 .9
(1)
91
49
628
631
601
503
653
weekly
685
592
618
617
570
Median
1,636
77
202
704
628
687
Number
.
.
.
.
.. .... . ...
occupations
.. .... . ...
.. .... . ...
.. .... . ...
. . .... . ...
. . ... . . ...
Teachers, prekindergarten and kindergarten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
621
633
Median
219
1,464
1,068
109
53
195
64
Physicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health assessment and treating
Registered nurses . . . . . . . .
Pharmacists . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dietitians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Therapists . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inhalation therapists . . . . .
.
.
.
390
398
608
620
617
703
1,540
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,412
493
59 .3
53 .2
11,333
5,980
259
245
682
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
565
554
(1)
84 .3
505
511
513
584
1,644
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
47 .7
32 .7
20,095
9,777
434
396
Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.,
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
101
185
(1)
751
691
(1)
470
495
$419
5,353
Chemists, except biochemists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological and life scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health diagnosing occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
43 .6
38 .8
40 .6
37 .9
46,233
500
Operations and systems researchers and analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
68.1
63.7
67.1
65.1
$358
of
10,317
Electrical and electronic engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanical engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
414
395
414
458
78,727
weekly
Professional specialty occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerospace engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Chemical engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,762
3,797
176
150
workers
327
177
181
Engineers, architects, and surveyors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41 .3
earnings
600
102
Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade, except farm products . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspectors and compliance officers, except construction . . . . . . . . . . . . .
69.2
workers
3,004
1,083
Underwriters, and other financial officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management analysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$290
earnings
113
233
Management-related occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accountants and auditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
32,494
workers
421
440
Managers, medicine and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managers, properties and real estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent
female
earnings
Ratio
female/male
earnings
times 100
Median
109
101
Managers, marketing, advertising, and public relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrators, education and related fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women
Number
of
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
men
Number
2,821
852
239
416
328
388
1,597
167
68
490
405
436
1,224
685
170
343
317
371
70 .0
78 .3
85 .1
43.4
80.4
71 .1
Table 1 .
Continued-Median weekly earnings of wage and salary workers who usually work full time in occupations employ-
ing 50,000 or more, by sex, 1986 annual averages
Both sexes
Number
Occupation
Median
weekly
Men
Number
of
Women
Median
weekly
Number
Ratio
female /male
earnings
times 100
Percent
female
workers
17.1
12.5
of
workers
earnings
Engineering and related technologists and technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronic technicians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
843
303
$447
477
699
265
$471
493
144
38
$356
(1)
75 .6
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
949
499
598
548
351
(1)
424
(1)
77 .4
Drafting occupations . .
Surveying and mapping
Science technicians . . . . . .
Chemical technicians . . .
. . ... . ...
technicians
. . ... . . ..
. . ... . . ..
. .
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Airplane pilots and navigators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer programmers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
248
74
178
72
54
503
145
412
381
423
459
754
519
372
workers
198
67
133
57
53
332
34
earnings
431
375
479
486
760
559
(1)
of
workers
Median
weekly
earnings
351
(1)
(1)
(1)
81 .4
(1)
(1)
1
172
111
(1)
477
361
(1)
85 .3
(1)
50
6
45
16
20.2
8 .1
25 .3
22 .2
37 .0
1 .9
34 .2
76 .6
Sales occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, finance and business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,395
2,103
1,388
351
392
453
4,373
1,436
789
447
460
519
3,021
667
599
239
282
360
53 .5
61 .3
69 .4
40 .9
31 .7
43 .2
Real estate sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities and financial services sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
326
215
107
457
608
454
145
164
52
518
740
502
181
52
54
389
423
373
75 .1
57 .2
74.3
55 .5
24 .2
50 .5
Sales representatives, commodities, except retail, including sales engineers .
Salesworkers, retail and personal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Salesworkers, motor vehicles and boats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,226
2,660
237
Insurance sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales occupations, other business services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
358
382
418
397
225
203
492
215
424
1,017
1,122
220
112
107
135
155
302
304
267
274
Cashiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Street and door-to-door salesworkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
957
72
Administrative support occupations, including clerical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, distribution, scheduling, and adjusting clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer equipment operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Salesworkers, apparel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Salesworkers,
Salesworkers,
Salesworkers,
Salesworkers,
furniture and home furnishings . . . .
radio, television, hi-fi, and appliances
hardware and building supplies . . . .
parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
. ...
. ...
. ...
. . ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Sales counter clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, administrative support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, general office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, financial records processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secretaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
500
487
133
178
352
315
64.7
46 .6
209
1,538
17
65
84
105
140
318
313
292
286
47
24
30
14
181
343
197
32
209
(1)
760
40
54
170
174
(1)
83.3
(1)
13,844
300
3,006
403
10,838
284
70.5
78.3
153
722
447
318
105
236
471
396
48
486
(1)
296
(1)
74 .7
31 .4
67.3
76
709
416
91
716
3,893
3,210
651
192
193
424
404
472
318
287
288
276
40
22
296
139
24
234
65
34
28
(1)
(1)
521
515
(1)
126
413
278
67
396
322
(1)
482
3,828
(1)
3,176
623
174
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
385
373
413
296
286
75.2
60.8
(1)
37 .2
508
301
439
166
382
183
(1)
70 .4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
73.9
72 .4
(1)
287
276
74 .7
88 .8
(1)
(1)
17 .0
57 .8
7 .2
75.9
42.0
22.4
22,2
9.0
71 .1
79.4
55.6
58.3
66.8
73.6
67.3
98.3
98.9
95.7
Information clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interviewers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ., . . . . . .
856
123
255
274
91
16
347
(1)
766
107
250
266
72 .0
(1)
89.5
87.0
Transportation ticket and reservation agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Receptionists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Records processing occupations, except financial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
99
459
611
420
242
288
29
9
118
(1)
(1)
342
70
450
492
366
242
279
(1)
(1)
81 .6
70.7
98 .0
80 .5
Library clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
File clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
54
211
248
239
8
32
(1)
46
179
(1)
(1)
237
(1)
(1)
(1)
Financial records processing occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bookkeepers, accounting and auditing clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,706
1,319
366
343
(1)
1,536
1,193
286
283
78.1
82.5
90 .0
90 .4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
58
33
163
157
276
(1)
296
304
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
81 .7
55 .0
85 .3
86 .7
Hotel clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Order clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personnel clerks, except payroll and timekeeping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Records clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payroll and timekeeping clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Billing clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost and rate clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Duplicating, mail, and other office machine operators
Communications equipment operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Telephone operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
..
60
174
53
101
149
135
366
317
18
51
5
303
21
290
287
169
127
316
294
14
14
(1)
404
(1)
(1)
(1)
42
123
48
80
(1)
135
121
(1)
348
292
313
286
(1)
86 .1
(1)
(1)
70.0
70 .7
90 .6
85 .2
84,8
79 .2
90 .6
89 .6
291
266
307
315
13
28
28
25
754
274
445
479
520
164
465
484
234
110
405
467
87.1
96.5
31 .0
40.1
..
..
..
.,
..
..
119
81
1,455
166
178
421
268
271
322
347
458
297
62
65
908
82
100
312
291
279
359
402
506
317
58
16
547
84
78
108
247
(1)
285
307
346
243
84 .9
(1)
79 .4
76 .4
68 .4
76 .7
48.7
19.8
37.6
50.6
43.8
25.7
Weighers, measurers, and checkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
65
(1)
26
(1)
40,0
Mail and message distributing occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal clerks, except mail carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mail carriers, postal service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mail clerks, except postal service . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Messengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material recording, scheduling, and distributing clerks
Dispatchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production coordinators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Traffic, shipping, and receiving clerks . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
..
.
..
..
..
..
. ...
. ...
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Stock and inventory clerks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Expediters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
71
60
191
181
214
280
479
91
477
315
279
318
229
299
39
37
482
347
(1)
51
180
429
285
(1)
54
283
89.0
82 .1
(1)
18.2
37.6
59.3
Adjusters and investigators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
743
321
203
460
540
299
65 .0
72.7
Eligibility clerks, social welfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bill and account collectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
64
107
300
284
7
32
(1)
(1)
58
75
291
281
(1)
90 .6
70 .1
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigators and adjusters, except insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
238
334
356
323
75
89
487
465
163
244
308
301
63 .2
64 .7
(1)
68 .5
73 .1
See footnotes at end of table .
43
June 1987 a Research Summaries
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW
Table 1 .
Continued-Median weekly earnings of wage and salary workers who usually work full time in occupations employ-
ing 50,000 or more, by sex, 1986 annual averages
Number
of
Occupation
Median
weekly
Number
of
workers
workers
earnings
. . .
. . .
. ..
. ..
. ..
. . ..
2,144
548
$272
283
345
123
290
88
180
277
343
198
21
19
9
Service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8,061
334
148
157
1 ,589
165
89
222
209
223
121
91
147
392
Police and detectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Police and detectives, public service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sheriffs, bailiffs, and other law enforcement officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
648
392
Guards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Guards and police, except public services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
554
516
Miscellaneous administrative
General office clerks . . . .
Bank tellers . . . . . . . . . .
Data-entry keyers . . . . . .
Statistical clerks . . . . . . .
Teachers aides . . . . . . . .
support occupations
. . . .. . . .. . . ... . .
. . ... . . .. . . .. . . .
. . ... . ... . . .. . . .
. .... . ... . ... . ..
. .... .... .... . ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
..
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. . .
.. . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . ..
. . ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. . ..
. . ..
.
.
.
.
.
363
Private household occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child care workers, private household . . . .
Private household cleaners and servants . .
Protective service occupati ons . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors , protective service occupations
Supervisors, police and detectives . . . . .
Firefighting and fire prevention occupations
Firefighting occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
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.
.
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.
.
.
.
. .
. . .
. ..
. ..
..
...
...
...
...
. . .
. . .
. . .
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
..
. ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. ..
..
...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
. .
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
80
176
Correctional institution officers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6,138
Service occupations, except protective and household . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation and service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, food preparation and service . . . .
Bartenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waiters and waitresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooks, except short order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food counter, fountain and related occupations
Kitchen workers, food preparation . . . . . . . . . .
Waiters'/waitresses' assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health service occupations . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental assistants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health aides, except nursing . . . . . . . .
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. . ..
.. ...
. ...
. . . .
. . ...
. . .. .
. . ..
. . ..
. ...
...
. ...
. ...
.
.
.
.
.
. . . ..
. ....
. .. .
....
. ... .
. . ... .
2288
177
184
576
817
78
64
.
.
.
.
.
95
... . ... . . ... . .. . . .
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
. . ... . .... . .... .
. . ... . .... . .... .
. . ... . ... . . .... .
1,277
112
254
.
..
..
..
910
1,883
Cleaning and building service occupations, except household . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, cleaning and building service workers
Maids and housemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitors and cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal service occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hairdressers and cosmetologists . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... .
... .
... .
.. .
.. . .
..
.
..
..
..
Attendants, amusement and recreation facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
except
private
household
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Child care workers,
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations . . . . . . . . .
Mechanics and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, mechanics and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanics and repairers, except supervisors . . . . . . . . . .
Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics and repairers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. . . .
. . .
. ...
...
. ...
. . . ..
. . ...
. . . .
. . ...
. . .. .
.
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. .
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. .
. .
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.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Automobile mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus, truck, and stationary engine mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft engine mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Small engine repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile body and related repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy equipment mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial machinery repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment repairers . . . . . .
Electronic repairers, communications and industrial
Data processing equipment repairers . . . . . . . . . .
. . . ... . . .
. . . ... . . .
euqipment
. . .... ...
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
Telephone line installers and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telephone installers and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating , air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous mechanics and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office machine repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Millwrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction trades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, construction occupations . .
Construction trades, except supervisors
Brickmasons and stonemasons . . . . .
Carpet installers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carpenters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ... . ... . . ... . ... . . ... . . ... .
.... . ... . .... . ... . ... . . ... . .
... . .... . . .. .... ... . .... . .
... . ... . . .. . . .... .... . ... . .
.. . . ... . . .. . . .. . . .... . ... . ..
Drywall installers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical power installers and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Painters, construction and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
130
363
1,338
691
274
63
143
Women
Men
Both sexes
231
34
Median
weekly
earnings
Number
of
workers
female/male
earnings
Percent
female
earnings
$262
267
69.9
71 .6
84 .0
77 .6
273
327
197
(1)
92 .8
78 .4
95 .0
(1)
(1)
(1)
329
228
(1)
284
(1)
(1)
(1)
402
4,074
320
146
149
156
191
119
90
146
292
558
455
464
575
461
469
5
4
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
431
478
579
367
443
481
69
24
266
272
142
479
456
370
272
275
209
2,540
239
186
238
214
172
196
152
166
164
216
243
242
206
238
313
1 89
247
212
208
234
182
71
973
68
100
103
447
16
15
528
410
205
294
245
209
(1)
(1)
67 .3
(1)
(1)
8
90 .6
(1)
(1)
(1)
72 .6
(1)
(1 )
5.6
1 .8
1 .9
350
(1)
79.0
(1)
10 .6
6 .1
34
75
59
(1)
231
254
(1)
84 . 9
92 .4
19 .3
13 .5
11 .4
3,598
1 , 315
195
173
81 .6
84 .4
58 .6
57.5
(1)
30 .5
10
(1)
72 .1
75 .1
80 .4
82. 1
(1)
(1)
162
(1)
145
0
43
252
(1)
(1)
1,132
112
212
213
243
241
84.5
(1)
(1)
88 .6
100 .0
83 .5
42
292
197
(1)
178
34 .4
32.3
80.4
504
234
203
205
74 .1
(1)
77 . 7
79 .3
79 .6
(1)
(1)
102
1,236
89
71
1,029
187
40
36
11
253
266
348
229
261
255
(1)
(1)
(1)
29
808
647
309
27
202
207
(1)
(1)
132
177
79'8
(1)
(1)
(1)
()
.0
0
.6
13
58
9
11
(1)
486
2 .5
9 .0
(1)
(1)
94.6
(1)
(1)
571
29
(1)
(1)
132
376
501
0
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3 .5
.0
2.2
401
500
56
6
333
(1)
83 .0
(1)
1 .6
1 .4
411
328
0
0
(1)
(1)
l11
3
(1)
52
130
157
301
354
438
52
129
156
301
355
437
0
0
1
415
511
450
514
549
568
502
584
121
115
417
514
447
531
191
376
501
54
91
54
93
3,469
420
3, 049
114
53
855
101
562
106
267
401
500
389
412
331
348
374
473
514
299
213
631
3,413
413
2, 999
113
52
846
99
551
104
257
72.9
85. 4
42'9
92.3
(1)
420
(1)
66.3
104.4
(1)
102.9
(1)
60
23.1
(1)
(1)
()
277
431
(1)
94
88'8
8 .1
3 .7
9 .1
3 .3
1 .3
1 .5
1 .0
878
136
20
116
19
390
403
61 .6
45.7
81 .9
45. 3
79.5
76 .6
65
418
413
523
408
375
326
402
214
655
12 .5
109
84
472
370
62
49
212
(1)
212
184
168
174
149
(1)
(1)
9,973
3 , 588
199
3,388
1,426
647
307
515
642
131
127
64
220
4.8
(1)
408
414
524
408
375
324
402
505
50.5
95.8
98.6
94.9
9.8
(1)
10,851
3, 723
219
3,504
1,444
658
310
96
workers
1,800
425
3,987
14
2
9
1 ,433
158
83
217
205
401
362
times 100
$375
373
269
69
171
516
Ratio
Median
weekly
508
547
389
404
389
349
375
475
515
30 1
10
3
4
1
23
50
9
2
12
2
10
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
315
(1)
(1)
(1 )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
81 .0
(1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
(11
3.1
6.9
8 .7
6.3
.5
1 .6
.0
.0
1 .1
2.0
2.1
1 .9
3.7
Table 1 . Continued-Median weekly earnings of wage and salary workers who usually work full time In occupations employIng 50,000 or more, by sex, 1986 annual averages
Both sexes
Men
Woman
Number
Median
workers
earnings
Plumbers, pipefitters, steamfitters, and apprentices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Concrete and terrazzo finishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
376
68
$470
343
374
67
$470
341
2
1
(1)
Roofers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural metalworkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
120
65
303
467
118
65
303
467
2
0
(1)
520
403
474
432
506
419
152
2,821
1,127
814
149
450
517
445
495
441
508
422
2
684
181
48
2
18
285
242
55
73
299
268
11
61
Occupation
of
Insulation workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extractive occupations . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision production occupations . . . .
Supervisors, production occupations
Precision metalworking occupations
Tool and die makers . . . . . . . . . .
Machinists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
,
.
.
.
.
.
155
3,504
1,308
862
151
468
Precision woodworking occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision textile, apparel, and furnishings machine workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
67
134
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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.
.
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. .
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,
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. .
. .
,
.
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.
.
53
Sheet metal workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision workers, assorted materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision food production occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butchers and meatcutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision inspectors, testers, and related
Inspectors, testers, and graders . . . . .
Plant and system operators . . . . . . . . . .
Stationary engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
workers
.... . ..
. ... . ..
. ... . . .
.
.
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
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.
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.
.
.
52
128
408
471
284
194
292
51
311
336
241
69
271
293
299
120
Median
Number
Median
earnings
workers
earnings
weekly
24 . 8
40
(1)
(1)
264
394
381
12
101
34
(1)
(1)
282
(1)
24. 0
32. 3
16. 1
13.3
25.0
12.4
70 .2
126
365
Metal and plastic processing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Molding and casting machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Woodworking machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sawing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Typesetters and compositors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7,254
4,815
476
61
140
142
293
278
361
383
327
366
99
137
305
258
57
323
90
404
274
260
354
366
4,401
2,873
392
57
95
124
67
114
77
303
240
17
354
341
379
388
352
376
354
263
(1)
213
82
49
18
17
5
1
2,853
1,942
84
4
45
18
32
22
40
(1)
$258
297
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
211
259
255
208
(1)
(1)
( 1)
(1)
(1)
223
211
271
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
Textile, apparel, and furnishings machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Winding and twisting machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,155
82
195
237
225
19
247
(1)
930
64
186
220
Laundering and dry cleaning machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machine operators, assorted materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packaging and filling machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
137
2,450
367
194
305
253
43
1,696
141
343
324
(1)
94
754
227
431
310
421
243
53
141
106
42
446
328
425
li)
8
33
4
12
175
239
230
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
253
28
(1)
32
Textile sewing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressing machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mixing and blending machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Separating, filtering, and clarifying machine operators
Painting and paint spraying machine operators . . . . .
Furnace, kiln, and oven operators, except food . . . . .
Crushing and grinding machine operators . . . . . . . . .
.
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.
Slicing and cutting machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photographic process machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricators, assemblers, and hand working occupations
Welders and cutters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Assemblers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production inspectors, testers, samplers, and weighers
Production inspectors, checkers, and examiners . . . .
Production testers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graders and sorters, except agricultural . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors, motor vehicle operators . . . . .
Truckdrivers, heavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truckdrivers, light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drivers-salesworkers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs . . . . . . . . .
. ...
. ...
. ...
. . ..
. . ..
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87
61
174
109
54
216
60
179
199
342
270
69
33
81
165
205
(1)
345
288
607
75
6
51
177
182
78 .7
83 .6
63 .6
(1)
(1)
63.0
61 .9
71 .5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
71 .6
(1)
(1)
75 .3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
69 .7
71 .0
(1)
209
72.6
(1)
23. 6
53.3
251
(1)
254
260
266
(1)
(1)
68 .8
(1)
72 .6
61 .8
60 . 7
(1)
(1)
31 . 8
6.4
43.4
49.2
50 .8
23 .5
52 .9
5 .2
5.9
17 , 5
1 .5
5.9
4.8
35 .3
9.3
2. 3
1.8
2, 0
3.9
6
12
1 .2
(1)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1,659
534
1,001
780
653
51
70
319
376
299
323
334
420
230
1,131
499
567
396
321
39
33
365
382
350
421
438
(1)
527
34
434
384
332
12
37
.
.
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.
.
.
.
.
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. .
..
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.
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.
.
.
3,684
2,577
57
1,539
459
188
201
107
366
346
462
371
281
395
327
272
3,494
2,426
47
1,516
432
179
129
97
372
353
(1)
371
287
400
389
274
190
151
10
23
27
9
71
10
287
275
(1)
(1)
(1)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
285
(1)
77 .2
77 . 9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
73.3
(1)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
133
57
51
922
155
85
81
589
625
547
375
410
459
368
130
57
51
887
154
84
80
593
630
545
377
410
458
366
3
1
1
36
1
1
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
185
580
181
(1)
583
4
39 . 3
40 . 3
17 . 6
6. 6
32, 1
12,7
80 .5
78 .0
89 .8
69 . 4
68 . 6
30 . 8
61 . 9
6.9
13 . 1
19 . 0
3, 7
22, 2
86 .3
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Transportation occupations, except motor vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation occupations . . . . . . . .
Locomotive operating occupations . . . .
Water transportation occupations . . . . . . .
Material moving equipment operators . . . . .
Operating engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crane and tower operators . . . . . . . . . . .
Excavating and loading machine operators
676
108
(1)
58 .0
60 .0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
78 .7
67.8
481
483
493
493
324
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
(1)
225
18
86
82
218
102
167
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
3,558
316
463
468
493
493
332
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
5
1 .5
1 .9
1 .7
0
(1)
277
305
327
338
10,784
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
8
329
98
254
192
301
.
.
.
.
.
.
(1)
times 100
Percent
female
workers
(1)
(1)
(1)
410
14,342
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
weekly
Ratio
femawmale
earnings
1.3
19. 5
13. 8
5.6
1 .3
3.8
6.3
16.4
45. 5
58.8
68.5
24 .4
20 .3
26 . 1
17 .3
17 .2
2 .2
1 .0
Operators, fabricators, and laborers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
of
363
104
99
223
103
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
369
Number
of
workers
. . .
. . .
.. .
.. .
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machine operators and tenders, except precision . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metalworking and plastic working machine operators . . . . . . .
Lathe and turning machine operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Punching and stamping press machine operators . . . . . . . .
Grinding, abrading, buffing, and polishing machine operators
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
weekly
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2. 2
See footnotes at end of table .
45
June 1987 9
MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW
Research Summaries
Table 1 . Continued-Median weekly earnings of wage and salary workers who usually work full time in occupations employing 50,000 or more, by sex, 1986 annual averages
Men
Both sexes
Number
of
Occupation
Median
weekly
Number
of
Number
of
earnings
Ratio
female/male
male/ma
times 100
Portent
female
workers
earnings
Grader, dozer, and scraper operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial truck and tractor equipment operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
90
381
$351
325
87
361
$345
327
3
20
(1)
(1)
(1)
n1
3 .3
5.2
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3,404
263
2,890
271
515
236
287
271
263
286
214
266
200
215
139
624
44
870
50
288
57
178
116
233
288
(1)
272
285
218
282
4
18
15
150
1
75
30
$226
(1 )
214
24
(r)
83.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
81 .3
(1)
91 .3
(1)
(1)
(1)
15 .1
2 .5
2 .8
2 .8
25 .4
14 .7
2 .0
20 .7
34.9
3.8
17.3
232
79 .7
16.2
Helpers, construction trades . . . .
Construction laborers . . . . . . . . . . .
Production helpers . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freight, stock, and material handlers
Garbage collectors . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock handlers and baggers . . . .
Machine feeders and offbearers . .
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
. ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Garage and service station related occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hand packers and packagers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laborers, except construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farm operators and managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farm managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other agricultural and related occupations
Farm occupations, except managerial .
Farm workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Related agricultural occupations . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
. .
. .
. . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.. ..
.. ..
. . ..
. . ..
. . ..
.
.
.
.
. . ..
. ...
. ...
. ., .
. . ...
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.,
. .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Supervisors, related agricultural occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Groundskeepers and gardeners, except farm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forestry and logging occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
161
240
143
642
59
1,020
51
363
86
185
139
238
921
233
283
158
90
772
237
202
workers
Median
weekly
workers
Helpers, construction and extractive occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
workers
Worsen
Median
weekly
earnings
4
7
(1)
(1)
(1)
221
(1)
199
(1)
(1)
257
149
222
291
149
1,318
217
1,178
220
140
60
1,162
620
575
329
211
195
192
54
1,034
552
519
333
215
199
195
7
128
69
57
187
(1)
(()
184
167
165
17
3
(1)
(1)
321
67
542
94
396
65
235
345
222
286
59
482
87
379
62
325
242
360
223
290
9
59
7
205
(1)
86 .4
85 .0
(1)
(1)
85 .6
83 .9
84.6
84.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
62.6
10.6
13.4
11 . 7
11 .0
11 .1
9 .9
10 .9
7.4
4 .3
4.6
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
collected annually, in May. In 1979, collection was expanded considerably, with the data being gathered monthly
from one-fourth of the cps sample . BLS publishes summary
results quarterly and disseminates more detailed information
based on annual averages after the end of the year . 2
Earnings data for detailed occupations were first published for 1981, but unpublished numbers are available back
to 1979 .3 However, the 1986 data are fully comparable only
to those published for 1985 and to unpublished data for 1983
and 1984 . They are not strictly comparable to prior years'
data for two reasons. First, in 1983, the classification system developed for the 1980 Census of Population was introduced to the cps . It is markedly different from the previous
system . 4 Second, in 1985, a change in the procedure for
computing medians was introduced to reduce both a systematic upward bias in the estimates and the sometimes erratic
movements of the medians over time . Both are the result of
a tendency of respondents to report rounded numbers. 5 The
data for 1983 and 1984 have been revised using the new
procedure and are available from BLS. Because the change in
the occupational classification system precludes comparability with pre-1983 data, medians were not revised for the
1979-82 period .
The Bureau of the Census classifies occupations at three
levels of detail . The least detailed level consists of only the
major occupational groups, for example, the professional
specialty occupations . An intermediate level of detail of the
professional specialty occupations has such groups as engineers and natural scientists ; the most detailed includes such
specific job titles as physicians, economists, and chemical
engineers.
0
t For information or the merits and limitations of the data, see Technical
Description of the Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current
Population Survey, Bulletin 2113 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1982). For
information on other data series on earnings from the Current Population
Survey and other BLS surveys, see BLs Measures of Compensation, Bulletin
2239 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1986).
2 The Current Population Survey is a monthly nationwide sample survey
of about 60,000 households conducted for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by
the Bureau of the Census . For information on the survey, particularly with
regard to earnings data, see Earl F. Mellor, Technical Description of the
Quarterly Data on Weekly Earnings from the Current Population Survey,
and Earl F. Mellor, "Earnings Statistics from the Current Population Survey," BLs Measures of Compensation .
3 Data for 1981 appear in "1981 Weekly Earnings of Men and Women
Compared in 100 Occupations," U.S. Department of Labor News Release
82-86, Mar. 7, 1982; and in Nancy F. Rytina, "Earnings of men and
women: a look at specific occupations," Monthly Labor Review, April
1982, pp . 25-31 . For 1982, 1983, and 1985 data, see the following
Monthly Labor Review articles or research summaries by Earl F. Mellor :
"Investigating the differences in weekly earnings of women and men," June
1984, pp . 17-28; "Weekly earnings in 1983 : a look at more than 200
occupations," January 1985, pp . 54-59; and "Weekly earnings in 1985 : a
look at more than 200 occupations," September 1986, pp . 28-32. Revised
data for 1983 and 1984 are available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics .
4 The system evolved form the Standard Occupational Classification
System (sot) which was adopted in 1977 and revised in 1980 . See Standard Occupational Classification Manual (U .S . Department of Commerce,
Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards, 1980). The relationship
between the 1980 census system and the sot is shown in Census of Population : 1980, Classified Index of Industries and Occupations, Report
PHC80-R4, final ed . (Bureau of the Census, 1983). For more information on
differences between the 1970- and 1980-based census classification systems, see Gloria Peterson Green and others, "Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1983," Employment and Earnings, February 1983, pp . 7-15 .
5 For information on the effects that differences in the grouping of the
data have on medians, see Sandra A. West, "Standard Measures of Central
Tendency for Censored Earnings Data from the Current Population Survey," a BLS statistical note, available from the Office of Research and
Evaluation, Bureau of Labor Statistics .