Implementation and Verification of BMPs for Reducing P
Loading from the Everglades Agricultural Area:
Floating Aquatic Vegetation Impact on Farm Phosphorus Load
2012 Annual Report
Submitted to the
Everglades Agricultural Area Environmental Protection District
And
The South Florida Water Management District
By
Samira H. Daroub, Timothy A. Lang,
Manohardeep S. Josan, and Jehangir H. Bhadha
University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Everglades Research and Education Center, Belle Glade, FL 33430
July 2012
2
Acknowledgments
This project is primarily funded by the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) Environmental
Protection District, a special district representing landowners within the EAA Basin, that was
created for the purpose of ensuring environmental protection by means of conducting scientific
research on environmental matters related to air and water and land management practices and
implementing the financing, construction, and operation of works and facilities designed to
prevent, control, abate or correct environmental problems and improve the environmental quality
in the EAA.
The collaboration and cooperation of the growers in the Everglades Agricultural Area is duly
appreciated. The expert advice from members of the Water Resources and BMP Advisory
Committee has been of great value. Researchers, extension personnel, and SFWMD staff who
assisted with BMP trainings were major contributors to the success of those trainings and to the
continuing excellent results of the EAA basin’s BMP program. This project is also supported by
the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station.
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Project Personnel
Name
Title
Samira Daroub, PhD
Principal Investigator
Timothy Lang, PhD
Project Manager
Manohardeep Josan, PhD
QA/QC Officer and Lead Scientist
Jehangir Bhadha, PhD
Lead Scientist
Vivianna Nadal, MS
Head Chemist
Irina Ogelvich, BS
Chemist
Suzanna Gomez, BS
Grad Student/Laboratory Technician
Michael Korbly, AA
Field and Laboratory Technician
Abbreviations
BMP
DDb
WDb
DOP
EAA
ENP
EPA
EPD
EREC
FAV
FLREC
IFAS
LOI
OM
PP
SAV
SFWMD
SOP
SRP
STA
TDP
TP
TSS
UF
WCA
Best Management Practice
Dry Bulk Density
Wet Bulk Density
Dissolved Organic Phosphorus
Everglades Agricultural Area
Everglades National Park
Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Protection District
Everglades Research and Education Center
Floating Aquatic Vegetation
Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Loss on Ignition
Organic Matter
Particulate Phosphorus
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
South Florida Water Management District
Standard Operating Procedure
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus
Stormwater Treatment Area
Total Dissolved Phosphorus
Total Phosphorus
Total Suspended Solids
University of Florida
Water Conservation Area
5
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................. 3
Project Personnel ............................................................................................................................... 5
Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... 5
Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 15
Farm Descriptions ........................................................................................................................... 20
Farm Canal Sediment Surveys ........................................................................................................ 24
Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................ 24
Results ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Canal Sediments ........................................................ 35
Sediment Analyses ...................................................................................................................... 35
Results ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Floating Aquatic Vegetation: Speciation, Coverage and TP Content ............................................. 38
FAV Sampling Procedure and Analyses ..................................................................................... 38
Results ......................................................................................................................................... 39
Assessment of FAV in Farm Canal Pairs ........................................................................................ 45
Water Quality Monitoring ............................................................................................................... 50
Water Sampling Procedures ........................................................................................................ 50
Laboratory Analyses .................................................................................................................... 50
Ambient Farm Canal Water Monitoring Results ......................................................................... 55
Farm Canal In Situ Monitoring ....................................................................................................... 62
Farm Canal In Situ Monitoring Results ....................................................................................... 62
Farm Drainage Water .................................................................................................................. 64
BMP Training Workshops .............................................................................................................. 71
References ....................................................................................................................................... 75
Appendix ......................................................................................................................................... 77
List of Appendix Tables .............................................................................................................. 77
List of Appendix Figures ............................................................................................................. 78
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List of Tables
Table 1. Summary of farm canal sediment depths in meters surveyed in November 2011. ........ 26
Table 2. Physical and chemical properties of sediments collected on November 2011 from the
eight farms.................................................................................................................... 37
Table 3. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in farm
canal FAV for May 2011. ............................................................................................ 39
Table 4. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in farm
canal FAV for June 2011. ............................................................................................ 40
Table 5. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in farm
canal FAV for August 2011. ........................................................................................ 41
Table 6. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in farm
canal FAV for October 2011. ....................................................................................... 42
Table 7. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in farm
canal FAV for January 2012. ....................................................................................... 43
Table 8. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in farm
canal FAV for April 2012. ........................................................................................... 44
Table 9. Summary statistics of phosphorus species concentrations of ambient canal waters for
farm pairs in S5A sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012. .................... 56
Table 10. Summary statistics of phosphorus species concentrations of ambient canal waters for
farm pairs in S6 sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012. ....................... 58
Table 11. Summary statistics of ambient canal water pH, calcium, and total suspended solids for
S5A and S6 sub-basin farm pairs from November 2010 to April 2012. ...................... 61
Table 12. Summary statistics of hourly in situ water quality measurements collected from
October 2011 through April 2012. ............................................................................... 63
Table 13. Summary statistics of drainage water phosphorus concentrations of farm pairs in the
S5A sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................... 65
Table 14. Summary statistics of drainage water phosphorus concentrations of farm pairs in the
S6 sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012.............................................. 66
Table 15. Summary statistics of drainage water pH, calcium, and total suspended solids in S5A
and S6 basin farms from November 2010 to April 2012. ............................................ 67
Table 16. Spearman correlation coefficients of biweekly farm drainage data. ............................ 68
Table 17. Speakers, affiliations, and presentations for BMP training workshops held in WY
2012. ............................................................................................................................. 71
List of Photos
Photo 1 Floating aquatic vegetation (duck weed) being collected from one of the farm canals. . 38
Photo 2. Datalogger, auto-sampler, refrigerator, and drainage water composite sample collection.
........................................................................................................................................... 52
Photo 3. Orthophosphate (top) and total phosphorus (bottom) analyses being conducted on
SEAL® Auto Analyzer. .................................................................................................... 53
Photo 4. Calibration of Hydrolab MiniSonde® left, and Ca analyses using atomic absorption
spectrophotometer, right. .................................................................................................. 54
Photo 5. Images of selected speakers from BMP training sessions held at the EREC in September
2011 and April 2012. ........................................................................................................ 74
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Map of the Everglades Agricultural Area and farm locations. ...................................... 19
Figure 2. Aerial map of farms 0401 and 2501 with pumphouse and canal transect locations. .... 20
Figure 3. Aerial map of farms 1813 and 6117 with pumphouse and canal transect locations. .... 21
Figure 4. Aerial map of farms 3102 and 3103 with pumphouse and canal transect locations. .... 22
Figure 5. Aerial map of farms 4701 and 4702 with pumphouse and canal transect locations. .... 23
Figure 6. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 0401 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 27
Figure 7. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 2501 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 28
Figure 8. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 1813 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 29
Figure 9. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 6117 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 30
Figure 10. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 3102 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 31
Figure 11. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 3103 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 32
Figure 12. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 4701 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 33
Figure 13. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 4702 at three transects, A, B, and C, surveyed
in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft) ......................................................................... 34
Figure 14. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 3102 and 3103. (Left) Changes in mass
of dried FAV and average TP concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in
percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time. ................................................. 46
Figure 15. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 4701 and 4702. (Left) Changes in mass
of dried FAV and average TP concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in
percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time. ................................................. 47
Figure 16. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 0401 and 2501. (Left) Changes in mass
of dried FAV and average TP concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in
percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time. ................................................. 48
Figure 17. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 6117 and 1813. (Left) Changes in mass
of dried FAV and average TP concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in
percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time. ................................................. 49
Figure 18. Distribution of total P (TP) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from
November 2010 through April 2012. ................................................................................ 59
Figure 19. Ambient canal water average P speciation concentrations and percent total P by farm
from November 2010 through April 2012. ....................................................................... 60
Figure 20. Drainage water average P speciation concentrations and percent of total P by farm
from November 2010 through April 2012. ....................................................................... 70
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Summary
This document is the second annual report which presents the status of work completed up to
April 31, 2012 for the project titled “Implementation and verification of BMPs to reduce
Everglades Agricultural Area farm P loads: floating aquatic vegetation impact on farm P load”.
This project report describes the eight project farms (four farm pairs) that are being monitored
within the S5A and S6 sub-basin. Under the approved 2010 scope of work modification, the
following activities have been conducted: (1) bathymetric surveys of farm main canals conducted
in November 2011, (2) dry season sediment analyses of farm main canals collected in November
2011, (3) water quality analyses of ambient main canal and farm drainage water monitoring:
total P (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), particulate phosphorus (PP), soluble reactive
phosphorus (SRP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), total suspended solids (TSS), total
dissolved calcium (Ca), and pH, (4) bimonthly qualitative and quantitative assessment of floating
aquatic vegetation biomass from each farm’s main canal, (5) monitoring of farm canal drainage
flow rates, canal elevations, rainfall, and farm drainage volume during drainage events, and (6)
monitoring of additional water quality parameters using in situ multi-parameter sondes: canal
water temperature, oxidation reduction potential, and specific conductivity. In addition to these
activities, regular maintenance and calibration of field and laboratory equipment, along with
quality control and assurance are also conducted by our team.
Preliminary investigations into simple regression relationships between paired farms for
parameters associated with farm P load revealed that correlations were high for rainfall, drainage
volume, and P load. The highest correlations were observed when data was compiled at the
biweekly time scale. More complete regression models will be developed once the current wet
season ends and the collected data are compiled.
An important aspect of the EAA Master Permit SOW is the training of farm personnel in BMP
implementation techniques. Two BMP training workshops were conducted last year: October
2011 and April 2012 for growers in the EAA with a total of over 200 participants. Feedback
received via evaluations collected after trainings was positive and was used to modify and
improve training topics, content, and speaker selections.
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Introduction
Located in the geographic center of the South Florida watershed, the Everglades
Agricultural Area (EAA) basin comprises approximately 250,000 ha of farms and several small
communities south and east of Lake Okeechobee. The EAA has highly productive agricultural
land comprised of rich organic muck soils. Sugarcane, vegetables, sod, and rice are grown in the
EAA and annually provide south Florida with jobs and over one billion dollars to Florida’s
economy (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 2004). The EAA plays an
important role in the Everglades water supply, either directly through agricultural drainage
runoff or indirectly by serving as a conduit for large water transfers from Lake Okeechobee to
the Water Conservation Areas (WCAs). The primary mode of drainage in the EAA is by
shallow subsurface flow, which may be by capillary action through the organic soils, or through
fractures in the marl-soil interface. On-farm water management is achieved by using this
subsurface flow and the water level in open field ditches to raise or lower field water tables.
Rainfall is highly seasonal and frequently intense. Drainage discharge is achieved by pumping
with high volume, low head, axial-flow pumps. Drainage water from the EAA, after treatment in
Stormwater Treatment Areas, is ultimately discharged to the downstream WCAs, Everglades
National Park (ENP), or the South Florida coastal estuaries.
The EAA basin as a whole is required by the Everglades Forever Act (1994; 2003) to
achieve phosphorus (P) load reductions of 25% or greater relative to a baseline P load average
(derived from 1979 to 1988 monitoring data) that is adjusted for rainfall distribution and amount.
Since January 1, 1995, BMP implementation has been mandatory for all farms that discharge
drainage water into South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) conveyance canals.
The SFWMD monitors EAA basin P load via a network of monitoring stations, i.e. pump
stations and control structures that border the EAA. During the sixteen years since BMP program
initiation, the EAA basin’s annual P load reduction has averaged nearly 50%; the highest being
recorded in 2011 at 79% TP load reduction compared to the baseline period (SFER, 2012). Some
of the BMPs that are currently implemented are divided into three categories: nutrient control,
water management, and sediment control. Within each of these three categories there are
numerous individual practices that farmers can implement to either minimized movement of P
off-site, minimize the volume of drainage water discharge, or minimize the movement of
particulate matter and canal sediments.
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Further reductions in farm P loads can be achieved by targeting P containing sediments
and particulates that are generated in farm canals and transported off-farm during drainage
events. Particulate P comprises 40-60% of the P loads discharged from EAA farms (Stuck, 1996,
Daroub et al., 2005). A major portion of the particulate P in EAA farm canals originates from
in-stream biological growth rather than from soil erosion (Stuck, 1996, Daroub et al., 2005).
Particulate P that contributes significantly to farm P export has been determined to be, for the
most part, recently deposited biological material such as settled plankton, filamentous algae, and
macrophyte detritus. There are several sediment control practices in the SFWMD-EAA BMP
table from which EAA farmers are able to choose and employ on their farms (SFER, 2012). One
of the sediment control practices is the control of aquatic vegetation in farm canals. In addition,
most growers control to varying degrees the growth of floating aquatic vegetation (FAV) in their
canals. However there is inadequate scientific knowledge regarding this practice’s efficacy and
its proper implementation methods.
Limiting the growth of FAV in farm canals is a practice that has the known benefit of
improving the conveyance of drainage and irrigation waters throughout the farm. Control of
FAV biomass growth may lead to further reductions in farm P load by changing the physical and
chemical properties (and transportability) of sediments generated in a farm canal (Murphy et al.,
1983; Reddy et al., 1987; Danen-Louwerse et al., 1995). It is hypothesized that with better light
penetration into the canal water column more P will be co-precipitated with Ca and Mg
carbonates and form cohesive, denser sediments that are less likely to be re-suspended and
transported off the farm during drainage events. In addition, lower P loads from EAA farms
should help the performance of Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs), more so for those STAs
performing at less than expected outflow concentrations.
This project titled “Implementation and verification of BMPs to reduce Everglades
Agricultural Area farm P loads: Floating aquatic vegetation impact on farm P load”, which
started in Fall 2010 will quantify changes in sediment composition and drainage water P
speciation in EAA sugarcane farms associated with FAV management. It will determine changes
in the composition of the P species in canal waters and overall total P loads as influenced by
FAV. This report is the second annual report document since the inception of this project, and
focuses on the activities conducted by the IFAS/UF during the time period from May 1st 2011 to
April 30th, 2012.
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The specific objectives of the project are:
1. Evaluate FAV management practices in the Everglades Agricultural Area farm canals for
impact on farm drainage water phosphorus load.
2. Evaluate the effect of FAV management practices on P speciation of farm drainage water
and on farm canal sediment physical and chemical properties.
3. Use the information from the research for the development of a BMP for managing FAV to
further lower farm P loads. The goal is to provide growers an additional tool in their efforts
to reduce off-farm P loading in the Everglades Agricultural Area.
Several research projects involving EAA farms have identified FAV as a source of
readily transportable sediments and particulate P. No studies have been conducted to isolate and
measure the effects of limiting FAV growth in farm canals on sediment properties and farm P
load. In addition, several studies in the Everglades have found that sediments accumulated in
newly constructed wetlands are organic with low bulk density, but that calcium phosphates may
play a significant role in P storage. Studies have shown that precipitation of P with Ca may occur
in hard waters when FAV is eliminated and SAV and other algal species are present in the water
column (Reddy et al., 1987; Danen-Louwerse et al., 1995). This research project attempts to
quantify the effects of two different canal FAV management practices on farm P load, drainage
water P speciation, and canal sediment physical and chemical properties.
The scope of work for this project was approved by the SFWMD in January 2010. Farms
included in the project were selected by project personnel and the Water Resources and BMP
advisory committee, an advisory committee comprised of representatives of EAA growers.
Selection of three farm pairs was approved by the SFWMD in August 2010, while the final farm
pair was approved by SFWMD in September 2010.
Statistical analysis of the study data will be conducted using SAS (SAS, 2008). The main
study is a paired watershed design with repeated measures over time (USEPA, 1993).
Incorporation of multiple covariates into ANCOVA models has been suggested for paired
watershed data analysis (Hewlett and Peinaar, 1973; Loftis et al., 2001; Bishop et al., 2005).
Drainage flow, canal level, canal head difference, velocity, rainfall and other data collected will
be included in the regression analysis as covariates if significant. Covariates will be used to
explain the significance of the treatment regression equation, the significance of the overall
regression (calibration and treatment period), the difference in the slopes of the calibration and
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the treatment regressions, and the difference between the intercepts of the calibration and
treatment regressions (if the slopes are the same). At a minimum a bivariate plot of paired
observations together with the calibration and treatment regression equation, and a plot of
deviations as a function of time during the treatment will be presented. An estimate of the
percentage change based on the mean TP predicted and TP observed values will be estimated as
an approximate of performance. There are two treatments: nearly complete FAV management
and typical FAV management in farm canals. The analyses will use regression to compare P load
parameter responses to treatment between paired farms. The data may also be pooled and
analyzed by sub-basin.
18
1813
4702
4701
6117
2501
0401
3103
3102
Map courtesy of SFMWD.
Figure 1. Map of the Everglades Agricultural Area and farm locations.
19
Figure 2. Aerial map of farms 0401 and 2501 with pumphouse and canal transect locations.
Farm Descriptions
Farm Pair 1 comprises two sugarcane farms located in the S5A sub basin: Farm 0401 and
farm 2501 (Figure 2). The farms are adjacent to one another and are located on the southwest
side of the West Palm Beach canal approximately 12 miles from the Lake Okeechobee outflow
structure S-352. Both farms receive irrigation water from and discharge their drainage waters
directly into the West Palm Beach canal.
Farm 0401 is a 908 acre sugarcane farm with a single exit discharge pump station that
contains one electric and one diesel pump. The majority of the drainage pumping is achieved via
the electric pump. The diesel pump is utilized only after extreme rainfall events and in case of
electrical failure. In the spring of 2011 Farm 0401 grew sweet corn in approximately 40% of the
cropping area; in the spring of 2012 Farm 0401 grew sweet corn on approximately 16% of the
farm. After harvest of spring sweet corn acreage remained fallow (Appendix Table A1).
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Farm 2501 is an 824 acre sugarcane farm that lies adjacent north and west to Farm basin
0401. It has a single discharge station containing two diesel pumps. In the spring of 2011 Farm
2501 grew sweet corn in approximately 16% of the cropping area; in the spring of 2012 Farm
2501 grew sweet corn on approximately 4% of the farm. After harvest sweet corn acreage
remained fallow during the summer (Appendix Table A1).
Figure 3. Aerial map of farms 1813 and 6117 with pumphouse and canal transect locations.
Farm Pair 2 consists of two sugarcane farms in the S5A sub-basin: farm 1813 and farm
6117 (Figure 3). The farms are adjacent to one another and located on the northeast side of the
West Palm Beach canal approximately 12 miles from Lake Okeechobee outflow structure S-352.
Farm 1813 receives irrigation water from and discharges drainage water directly into the West
Palm Beach canal; farm 6117 receives irrigation water from and drains excess water into a north
south tertiary canal that is connected to the West Palm Beach Canal approximately one mile
south of farm 6117 discharge structure.
21
Farm 1813 is a sugarcane farm of 594 acres with a single exit pump station containing a
single diesel powered pump. Sweet corn was grown on approximately 16% of the farm’s
cropped area in the spring of 2011. After harvest the sweet corn acreage was kept fallow until
sugarcane was planted in November 2011(Appendix Table A2).
Farm 6117 is a sugarcane farm of 800 acres; it is drained by a single diesel pump, which
discharges into a secondary canal that connects to the West Palm Beach canal. The distance from
the pump station to the West Palm Beach canal is approximately one mile. Sugarcane occupied
all the cropped fields in this farm from November 2010 through March 2012; snap beans were
planted in 10% of the acreage in spring of 2012(Appendix Table A2).
Figure 4. Aerial map of farms 3102 and 3103 with pumphouse and canal transect locations.
Farm Pair 3 is located in the S6 sub-basin just north of the intersection of Airport Road
and Sam Center Road. The pair consists of two sugarcane farms: Farm 3102 and farm 3103
(Figure 4). Both farms receive irrigation water from and discharge into a tertiary district canal
that eventually connects with the Hillsboro Canal via the Ocean Canal.
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Farm 3102 is a 1387 acre sugarcane farm that is bordered to the south by the Airport road
extension and to the north by SR80. This farm has a single exit pump station containing three
diesel pumps for drainage. Sweet corn was planted on approximately 53% of the acreage during
the spring season 2011; beans and leaf vegetables were planted in 10 to 20% during spring 2012
(Appendix Table A3).
Farm basin 3103 is a 602 acre sugarcane farm that is located west across the canal from
farm basin 3102 and has Hatton Highway as a western boundary and Airport Road as its
southern boundary. It has a single exit pump station containing one diesel powered pump. Leaf
vegetables were planted on 25% of the cropped acreage from January through May 2011.
Vegetable acreage was fallow for the month of May 2011 and was flooded starting in June of
2011. In fall of 2011 beans and corn were planted on approximately 25% of the farm. In Spring
2012 sweet corn was planted on approximately 25% of the farm (Appendix Table A3).
Figure 5. Aerial map of farms 4701 and 4702 with pumphouse and canal transect locations.
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Farm Pair 4 is located in the S6 sub-basin near its northern boundary and consists of two
sugarcane farms: farm 4701 and farm 4702 (Figure 5). Both farms receive irrigation water from
and discharge into an east-west tertiary district canal that eventually connects with the Hillsboro
Canal via the Ocean Canal.
Farm 4701 is a 640 sugarcane farm with a single discharge pump station with a single
diesel powered pump that discharges drainage water into a tertiary canal that feeds into the
secondary district canal that runs north from Sam Center road, and eventually discharges into the
Ocean canal at Sam Center Road and SR880. Sugarcane occupied all the cropped fields on this
farm from November 2010 through April 2012 (Appendix Table A4).
Farm 4702 is a 640 acre sugarcane farm which is located one-half mile east of farm basin
4701. Farm 4701 has a single pump station with a single diesel pump for drainage discharge.
Sugarcane occupied all the cropped fields on this farm from November 2010 through March
2012. In April 2012 rice was planted on 50% of the farm (Appendix Table A4).
Farm Canal Sediment Surveys
Farm canal surveys are conducted to assess individual farm canal dimensions (length,
width, area), the thickness of sediments present in the canals, and their physical and chemical
characteristics. Surveys are conducted twice a year to monitor changes in sediment thickness or
composition. This report summarizes results from the survey conducted in November 2011. In
the past survey was conducted in February 2011, which has been reported in last year’s Annual
Report. The next canal survey will be conducted in August 2012.
Materials and Methods
Water depth to sediment surface was measured by a neutral buoyancy water column
measuring pad. Sediment thickness at each 2 ft lateral increments within each transect of
individual canals was measured by subtracting the water column measuring pad value from its
corresponding calibrated penetrometer value. Three separate transect locations were selected
within a single canal, and sediment thickness was measured along a transect across the canal
width. Transect A was closest to the pump station, transect B was in the middle of the canal,
while transect C was confined at the back end of the canal. These three locations were adjacent
to where grab water samples are collected. At each transect location two iron rebars were
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installed at the edge of the water on each side of the canal. During surveying, a steel cable is
attached to the rebar to anchor a boat used during measurements. Along a transect measurements
were recorded at 2 ft (0.61 m) intervals. A measuring pad was used to record the depth of the
water column; a graduated penetrometer was used to record the depth of the water column +
sediment. The average thickness of sediment along each transect from all three locations was
reported as the thickness of the individual farm canal.
Results
The overall average thickness of canal sediments for all eight farms and along all three
transects was 0.61 m (2.0 ft; summarized in Table 1). As expected the thickest section of
sediment accumulation was confined to the center of the canals. In general, no differences in
sediment thickness were observed between the three transects A, B, C (or from closest to the
pump station to furthest away from the pump station). Farm 1813 had the highest mean sediment
thickness of 0.75 m (2.3 ft) while 2501 had the least mean sediment thickness 0.51 m (1.7 ft)
(Table 1). In transect A the highest sediment thickness was observed in farm 6117 at 1.95 m (6.4
ft), while in transect B the highest sediment thickness was observed in farm 1813 at 1.55 m (5.1
ft), and in transect C the highest thickness was also observed in farm 6117 at 2.57 m (8.4 ft).
Schematics of sediment profiles for all transects are shown in Figures 6 to 13. The underlying
canal sediment can potentially adsorb or release P depending on canal water P concentration and
water-sediment interface conditions.
25
Table 1. Summary of farm canal sediment depths in meters surveyed in November 2011.
Farm ID
Mean
Std Dev
N
Minimum
Overall
36
0.08
36
0.05
51
0.03
52
0.05
37
0.00
37
0.00
38
0.05
36
0.13
Transect A
16
0.08
13
0.05
18
0.10
18
0.10
14
0.00
14
0.02
19
0.05
13
0.18
Transect B
9
0.13
12
0.20
17
0.03
15
0.05
11
0.15
12
0.00
10
0.10
14
0.13
Transect C
11
0.13
11
0.08
16
0.18
19
0.05
12
0.08
11
0.23
9
0.08
9
0.15
Maximum
Median
1.83
1.30
1.55
2.57
1.42
1.19
1.53
1.12
0.50
0.36
0.68
0.34
0.41
0.61
0.85
0.42
1.83
1.30
1.48
1.95
0.79
0.74
1.53
0.92
0.31
0.63
0.67
0.89
0.25
0.43
0.90
0.33
0.76
0.43
1.55
0.53
0.92
1.19
1.32
1.12
0.28
0.28
0.94
0.26
0.61
0.61
0.51
0.36
0.86
0.87
1.17
2.57
1.42
0.91
1.22
1.09
0.64
0.54
0.61
0.41
1.04
0.81
0.56
0.53
1
1
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
0.57
0.51
0.75
0.74
0.54
0.55
0.71
0.50
0.49
0.38
0.47
0.75
0.43
0.34
0.42
0.32
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
0.66
0.73
0.69
0.95
0.34
0.42
0.86
0.49
0.68
0.48
0.46
0.75
0.28
0.27
0.38
0.31
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
0.40
0.29
0.86
0.30
0.54
0.66
0.59
0.44
0.25
0.07
0.58
0.15
0.34
0.41
0.48
0.32
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
0.58
0.48
0.68
0.89
0.76
0.61
0.54
0.60
0.24
0.31
0.35
0.90
0.56
0.30
0.38
0.34
Overall= average of three transects (A,B,C)
26
3.5
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0401-A
0.0
0
1
2
3.5
4
5
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
3.0
thickness (m)
3
7
8
9
10
8
9
10
sediment surface
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0401-B
0.0
0
1
2
3.5
3
4
5
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
7
sediment surface
thickness (m)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0401-C
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
canal width (m)
7
8
9
Figure 6. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 0401 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
27
10
2.5
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2501-A
0.0
0
1
2.5
2
3
4
canal width (m)
6
7
8
4
5
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
sediment surface
7
8
7
8
channel bottom
5
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2501-B
0.0
0
1
2
2.5
3
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2501-C
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
canal width (m)
5
6
Figure 7. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 2501 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
28
3.0
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1813-A
0.0
0
2
3.0
4
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
8
10
12
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1813-B
0.0
0
2
3.0
4
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
8
10
12
10
12
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
1813-C
0.0
0
2
4
6
canal width (m)
8
Figure 8. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 1813 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
29
3.5
channel bottom
thickness (m)
3.0
sediment surface
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
6117-A
0.0
0
1
2
3
3.5
4
5
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
7
8
9
10
11
9
10
11
sediment surface
thickness (m)
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
6117-B
0.0
0
1
2
3.5
4
5
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
3.0
thickness (m)
3
7
8
sediment surface
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
6117-C
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
canal width (m)
7
8
9
10
Figure 9. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 6117 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
30
11
2.5
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
3102-A
0.0
0
1
2
2.5
3
4
5
canal width (m)
channel bottom
6
7
8
9
7
8
9
7
8
9
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
3102-B
0.0
0
1
2
2.5
3
4
5
canal width (m)
channel bottom
6
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
3102-C
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
canal width (m)
6
Figure 10. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 3102 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
31
2.5
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
3103-A
0.0
0
1
2
2.5
3
4
5
canal width (m)
channel bottom
6
7
8
9
7
8
9
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
3103-B
0.0
0
1
2
2.5
3
5
4
canal width (m)
channel bottom
6
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
3103-C
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
canal width (m)
6
7
8
Figure 11. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 3103 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
32
9
2.5
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
4701-A
0.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
10
12
10
12
canal width (m)
2.5
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
4701-B
0.0
0
2
2.5
4
6
canal width (m)
channel bottom
8
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
4701-C
0.0
0
2
4
6
8
canal width (m)
Figure 12. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 4701 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
33
2.5
channel bottom
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
4702-A
0.0
0
1
2
2.5
3
4
5
canal width (m)
channel bottom
6
7
8
9
sediment surface
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
4702-B
0.0
0
1
2
2.5
3
4
5
canal width (m)
6
7
8
9
7
8
9
sediment surface
channel bottom
thickness (m)
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
4702-C
0.0
0
1
2
3
4
5
canal width (m)
6
Figure 13. Sediment profile of main canal of farm 4702 at three transects, A, B, and C,
surveyed in November 2011. (Note: 1 m = 3.12 ft)
34
Physical and Chemical Characterization of Canal Sediments
Sediment characterization of the eight farms was conducted in November 2011. Intact
sediment cores (approximately 25 cm depth) were collected from the three transects along main
farm canal of each farm. The sediments were collected on November 2-3, 2011 using a piston
type, in-house constructed, sediment sampling device. The sediment sampler used polycarbonate
tubes of 7.0 cm diameter and 50 cm length. Sample cores were transported to the laboratory on
the same day of collection, sectioned into 0-2.5cm and 2.5-5.0 cm core lengths respectively, and
stored at 4⁰C. Sediment sampling locations were recorded using a hand held GPS device. Sample
preparation and analyses were conducted at the Soil Quality laboratory located at the Everglades
Research and Education Center located Belle Glade, FL. Properties analyzed were sediment,
organic matter (OM), total P (TP), wet bulk density (WDb) and dry bulk density (DDb).
Sediment Analyses
Sediment core sections were mixed thoroughly before taking any sub-samples for
chemical analyses. All of the material present in the sediment cores was included in the analyses.
For TP analyses, known weights of wet sample were ashed at 550oC for four hours in a muffle
furnace and were grounded in a pestle and mortar before analyses (Andersen, 1974). Results are
reported on an oven dry-weight basis.
Both wet and dry bulk densities were performed on the sediments without any sieving or
pre-treatments using EREC-SOP Bulk Density (adapted from Soil Survey Laboratory Methods
Manual, 2004). Organic matter and ash content was determined using EREC-SOP Organic
Matter (adapted from Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual, 2004). Total P was determined
using EPA method 365.1 (EPA, 1993).
Results
A summary of the results are reported in Table 2. Overall the mean OM and TP content
of the sediments from all eight farms were 42.9 ±11 % and 1075 ±395 mg/kg respectively. Both,
OM and TP concentrations were similar to those observed during the February 2011 sampling
event. While comparing the two depth horizons (0-2.5 and 2.5-5.0 cm) we found that the mean
OM was similar in the 0-2.5 cm and the 2.5-5 cm layer at 43.2 ±10 % and 42.6 ±12%
respectively; while TP was slightly higher in the 0-2.5 cm horizon at 1149 ±482 mg/kg,
compared to 995 ±272 mg/kg observed at 2.5-5.0 cm depth. Over the entire 5 cm sediment
35
profile (regardless of depth horizons), Farm 3103 had a mean OM and TP concentration of 37.2
% and 1380 mg/kg respectively; Farm 3102 had 40.9 % and 979 mg/kg; Farm 2501 had 36.9 %
and 925 mg/kg; Farm 0401 had 41.8 % and 956 mg/kg; Farm 4702 had 57.0 % and 928 mg/kg;
Farm 4701 had 34.5 % and 939 mg/kg; Farm 6117 had 46.5 % and 1188 mg/kg; Farm 1813 had
48.5 % and 1280 mg/kg.
36
Table 2. Physical and chemical properties of sediments collected on November 2011 from
the eight farms.
Farm ID1
Transect
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
A
A
B
B
C
C
1
Depth
(cm)
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
0-2.5
2.5-5
OM
(%)
18.2
19.9
60.2
74.0
41.8
36.6
33.9
33.3
42.2
40.6
35.3
36.3
47.4
47.4
49.4
51.3
49.1
46.6
43.8
39.4
51.1
32.7
55.8
56.0
43.1
51.1
36.5
34.2
39.7
40.5
40.7
32.6
42.9
33.2
38.5
35.5
27.3
39.1
35.5
29.6
36.1
39.8
47.3
49.7
62.0
62.5
60.3
59.9
WDb
(g/cm3)
1.26
1.20
1.15
1.08
1.03
1.05
1.07
1.11
0.97
1.08
0.99
1.05
0.92
1.05
0.96
1.03
1.06
1.04
1.03
1.12
0.99
1.09
1.06
1.04
1.19
1.21
1.13
1.23
1.05
1.10
1.00
1.17
1.12
1.09
1.05
1.05
1.22
1.16
0.92
1.19
1.02
1.11
0.96
1.03
0.94
0.98
1.03
0.95
DDb
(g/cm3)
0.91
0.88
0.79
0.72
0.65
0.65
0.69
0.76
0.62
0.67
0.62
0.69
0.60
0.71
0.67
0.70
0.73
0.73
0.69
0.83
0.69
0.78
0.74
0.70
0.83
0.85
0.75
0.87
0.69
0.74
0.67
0.74
0.63
0.61
0.59
0.56
0.87
0.78
0.65
0.89
0.70
0.80
0.62
0.65
0.59
0.61
0.61
0.60
TP
(mg/kg)
1097
880
897
772
1029
1061
951
960
1071
964
866
734
1577
1022
1335
1246
1270
1231
2130
1069
754
1897
650
630
643
700
1201
850
1370
1112
1148
904
1280
942
2827
1177
691
627
924
974
1029
1386
955
802
951
1019
924
915
OM = organic matter; WDb = wet bulk density; DDb = dry bulk density; TP = total phosphorus
37
Floating Aquatic Vegetation: Speciation, Coverage and TP Content
An overall assessment of FAV was conducted approximately every two months with the
intention of identifying the species composition, coverage within the main canals, and the TP
content of the plant biomass. In this report we include the data collected from May 2011 to April
2012 (total six sampling events). Two representative samples were collected from each farm.
Sampling locations were selected at each farm based on spatial coverage of FAV.
FAV Sampling Procedure and Analyses
A one-meter-square floating PVC retainer is placed on the FAV biomass to be sampled.
All FAV within the square is harvested and placed in mesh bags to drain. Total fresh weight is
recorded after draining. The entire sample mass is air dried to constant weight with forced air at
50° C. The weight of the dry sample mass is recorded, and the mass is ground to less than 1 mm
in a cyclone mill. The ground material is blended well and stored in an airtight container until
analysis. Samples were analyzed for water content and TP. Percent moisture content was
calculated based on difference between wet mass of FAV versus oven dry mass, while the dry
grounded biomass was analyzed for TP using method 200.7 (USEPA, 2003) on an Inductively
Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscope (IFAS, Analytical Research Lab, Gainesville, FL). The total
P in individual farm FAV biomass was calculated as the product of the dry FAV biomass P
concentration (mg/kg) times the mass of FAV (kg) present in the canals based on the percent
coverage.
Photo 1 Floating aquatic vegetation (duck weed) being collected from one of the farm
canals.
38
Results
Following is a summary of the FAV characterization and TP content of FAV biomass
from six sampling trips (May 2011 and April 2012):
May 2011
Farm 0401: Overall 70% cover, mostly water lettuce and a bit of filamentous algae and
duckweed.
Farm 2501: Overall 50% cover mostly filamentous algae and water lettuce.
Farm 1813: Overall very clear canal. No appreciable FAV.
Farm 6117: Overall 30% mostly duck-weed and little water lettuce.
Farm 3102: Overall about 40% of the canal was covered with FAV, dominated by water-lettuce
mostly confined to the pump area and in the E-W section of the canal. N-S canal was clean.
Farm 3103: Overall 10% of the canal showed presence of FAV, mostly confined to the canal
edges, including filamentous algae, torpedo grass, and water lettuce.
Farm 4701: Overall 30% cover of filamentous algae and torpedo grass.
Farm 4702: Overall 5% confined mostly along the canal edges comprising of water lettuce.
Table 3. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in
farm canal FAV for May 2011.
Farm
Water
[TP] of
P in Farm Sample description
ID
content
dry FAV
FAV Mass
(%)
(mg/kg)
(kg)
0401
2501
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
92
89
66
92
87
90
77
2880
2168
1923
2519
1782
1311
1405
9.3
5.8
2.4
17.9
0.7
1.3
0.6
water lettuce and filamentous algae
filamentous algae
duck-weed and water lettuce
water lettuce
water lettuce, F. algae and torpedo grass
filamentous algae and torpedo grass
water lettuce
39
June 2011
Farm 0401: Overall 40% cover mostly water lettuce and a bit of filamentous algae and
duckweed.
Farm 2501: Overall 5% cover mostly filamentous algae and water lettuce.
Farm 6117: Overall 40% mostly duck-weed and little water lettuce.
Farm 1813: Overall very clear canal. No appreciable FAV present.
Farm 3102: Overall about 40% of the canal was covered with FAV, dominated by water-lettuce
mostly confined to the pump area and in the E-W section of the canal. N-S canal was clean.
Farm 3103: Overall 10% of the canal showed presence of FAV, mostly confined to the canal
edges, including filamentous algae, and torpedo grass.
Farm 4701: Overall 1% cover of filamentous algae and torpedo grass.
Farm 4702: Overall 5% confined mostly along the canal edges comprising of water lettuce and
torpedo grass.
Table 4. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in
farm canal FAV for June 2011.
Farm
Water
[TP] of
P in Farm Sample description
ID
content
dry FAV
FAV Mass
(%)
(mg/kg)
(kg)
0401
2501
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
91
86
92
94
65
85
83
1461
1463
1465
1451
1453
1456
1458
3.8
3.0
3.1
4.3
4.3
2.3
3.0
water lettuce and filamentous algae
filamentous algae and water lettuce
duck-weed
water lettuce and torpedo grass
water lettuce, and torpedo grass
filamentous algae, and torpedo grass
water lettuce and torpedo grass
40
August 2011
Farm 0401: Overall 60% cover mostly water lettuce (70%) and a bit of filamentous algae (30%)
Farm 2501: Overall 40% cover mostly water lettuce and filamentous algae.
Farm 6117: Overall 10% mostly duck-weed and little water lettuce.
Farm 1813: Overall very clear canal. No appreciable FAV.
Farm 3102: Overall about 40% of the canal was covered with FAV, dominated by water lettuce.
Farm 3103: Overall 40% of the canal showed presence of FAV, dominated by water lettuce.
Farm 4701: Overall 10% cover of filamentous algae.
Farm 4702: Overall 15% confined mostly along the canal edges comprising of water lettuce.
Table 5. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in
farm canal FAV for August 2011.
Farm
Water
[TP] of
P in Farm Sample description
ID
content
dry FAV
FAV Mass
(%)
(mg/kg)
(kg)
0401
2501
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
86
89
87
93
88
91
85
2014
951
1473
4251
3222
876
928
9.9
2.2
1.9
11.4
3.1
0.4
1.2
water lettuce and filamentous algae
filamentous algae
duck-weed and water lettuce
water-lettuce
water lettuce
filamentous algae
water lettuce
41
October 2011
Farm 0401: Overall 40% cover mostly water lettuce (50%) and a bit of filamentous algae (50%)
Farm 2501: Overall 15% cover mostly filamentous algae.
Farm 6117: Overall 10% mostly duck-weed and little water lettuce.
Farm 1813: Overall very clear canal. No appreciable FAV.
Farm 3102: Overall about 30% of the canal was covered with FAV, dominated by waterhyacinth.
Farm 3103: Overall 10% of the canal showed presence of FAV, mostly water hyacinth.
Farm 4701: Overall 10% cover of filamentous algae.
Farm 4702: Overall 15% confined mostly along the canal edges comprising of water lettuce.
Table 6. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in
farm canal FAV for October 2011.
Farm
Water
[TP] of
P in Farm Sample description
ID
content
dry FAV
FAV Mass
(%)
(mg/kg)
(kg)
0401
2501
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
92
91
90
91
91
90
93
1941
1237
3491
4103
4425
1426
1268
6.9
0.9
2.4
7.2
1.6
1.0
0.5
water lettuce and filamentous algae
filamentous algae
duck-weed and water lettuce
water hyacinth
water hyacinth and duckweed
filamentous algae
water lettuce
42
January 2012
Farm 0401: Overall 20% cover mostly water lettuce (50%) and a bit of filamentous algae (50%)
Farm 2501: Overall 15% cover mostly filamentous algae.
Farm 6117: Overall 30% mostly duck-weed and little water lettuce.
Farm 1813: Overall very clear canal. No appreciable FAV.
Farm 3102: Overall about 30% of the canal was covered with FAV, dominated by water-lettuce.
Farm 3103: Overall 40% of the canal showed presence of FAV, mostly water lettuce.
Farm 4701: Overall 15% cover of filamentous algae.
Farm 4702: Overall 10% confined mostly along the canal edges comprising of water lettuce.
Table 7. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in
farm canal FAV for January 2012.
Farm
Water
[TP] of
P in Farm Sample description
ID
content
dry FAV
FAV Mass
(%)
(mg/kg)
(kg)
0401
2501
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
95
90
93
93
95
83
94
3131
2222
1663
2377
2790
1205
2533
0.5
2.1
1.7
5.9
2.7
1.7
0.9
filamentous algae and water lettuce
filamentous algae
duck-weed and water lettuce
water lettuce and filamentous algae
water lettuce
filamentous algae
water lettuce
43
April 2012
Farm 0401: Overall 50% cover mostly water lettuce (50%) and a bit of filamentous algae (50%)
Farm 2501: Overall 70% cover mostly filamentous algae.
Farm 6117: Overall 75% mostly duck-weed and little water lettuce.
Farm 1813: Overall very clear canal. No appreciable FAV.
Farm 3102: Overall about 30% of the canal was covered with FAV, dominated by water-lettuce.
Farm 3103: Overall 30% of the canal showed presence of FAV, mostly water lettuce.
Farm 4701: Overall 30% cover of filamentous algae.
Farm 4702: Overall Clean canal
Table 8. FAV sample composition, water content, TP concentration, and mass of TP in
farm canal FAV for April 2012.
Farm
Water
[TP] of
P in Farm Sample description
ID
content
dry FAV
FAV Mass
(%)
(mg/kg)
(kg)
0401
2501
6117
3102
3103
4701
92
92
82
92
89
90
1928
3216
2040
2193
2725
1300
4.4
10.2
6.5
3.5
9.7
1.3
water lettuce and filamentous algae
water lettuce and filamentous algae
water lettuce and duckweed
water lettuce and filamentous algae
water lettuce
filamentous algae
44
Assessment of FAV in Farm Canal Pairs
An assessment of FAV was conducted on farm canal pairs for all the data collected from the
beginning of this project to present. Changes in dried mass (kg) of FAV were compared to the
average TP concentration contained in the FAV (mg/kg). In addition, the percent FAV coverage
in individual farm canals was compared to the total mass of P associated with FAV, (Figures 14
to 17). Between farm pair 3102 and 3103, the highest mass of dried FAV was observed in Farm
3102 in May 2011 at 7013 kg, compared to only 478 kg observed in farm 3103 during the same
time (Figure 14). The highest TP concentration contained in the FAV was 4425 mg/kg observed
in farm 3103 during October 2011. The % coverage of FAV was generally higher in 3102 and
the highest mass of P associated with FAV was observed during May 2011 at 18 kg. We expect
to see significant changes in % coverage and corresponding mass of FAV, in addition to
reduction in mass of TP in individual canals once the treatments have been put into practice
following the end of the second year.
45
3102
3103
2000
1500
1000
500
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
6/27/2011
5/9/2011
3/14/2011
1/11/2011
0
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
4/3/2012
2500
12.0
1/23/2012
3000
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
10/6/2011
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
3500
Mass of P
Mass of P in canal (kg)
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Average TP conc. in FAV (mg/kg)
4000
FAV coverage
8/9/2011
Ave. TP conc.
6/27/2011
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
6/27/2011
Mass of dried FAV
3/14/2011
3103
5/9/2011
3/14/2011
1/11/2011
0
6/27/2011
1000
5/9/2011
3000
2000
5/9/2011
4000
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
1/11/2011
5000
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1/11/2011
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
6000
Mass of P
Mass of P in canal (kg)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Average TP conc. in FAV (mg/kg)
8000
7000
FAV coverage
3/14/2011
Ave. TP conc.
% FAV coverage
Mass of dried FAV
% FAV coverage
3102
Figure 14. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 3102 and 3103. (Left) Changes in mass of dried FAV and average TP
concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time.
46
500
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
0
8/9/2011
0
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
2.5
10
2.0
8
1.5
6
4
1.0
2
0.5
0
0.0
4/3/2012
500
3.0
12
1/23/2012
1000
14
10/6/2011
1000
3.5
3/14/2011
1500
Mass of P
16
1/11/2011
1500
FAV coverage
8/9/2011
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
2000
6/27/2011
0.0
Mass of P in canal (kg)
2500
Average TP conc. In FAV (mg/kg)
2000
5/9/2011
0.5
4702
3000
3/14/2011
1.0
10
0
Ave. TP conc.
2500
1/11/2011
15
5
% FAV coverage
Mass of dried FAV
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
6/27/2011
5/9/2011
3/14/2011
1/11/2011
0
1.5
6/27/2011
500
20
6/27/2011
1000
2.0
25
5/9/2011
1500
30
5/9/2011
2000
2.5
3/14/2011
2500
Mass of P
35
1/11/2011
3000
FAV coverage
Mass of P in canal (kg)
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
4702
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
4701
Ave. TP conc.
% FAV coverage
Mass of dried FAV
Average TP conc. in FAV (mg/kg)
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
4701
Figure 15. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 4701 and 4702. (Left) Changes in mass of dried FAV and average TP
concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time.
47
0401
Ave. TP conc.
1500
1500
1000
1000
500
500
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
6/27/2011
5/9/2011
0
3/14/2011
0
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8.0
50
40
6.0
30
4.0
20
2.0
10
0
0.0
4/3/2012
2000
1/23/2012
2000
10.0
60
10/6/2011
2500
3/14/2011
2500
12.0
70
1/11/2011
3000
Mass of P
Mass of P in canal (kg)
3000
FAV coverage
80
Average TP conc. In FAV (mg/kg)
3500
1/11/2011
0.0
2501
Ave. TP conc.
3500
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
0
8/9/2011
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
6/27/2011
Mass of dried FAV
2.0
10
% FAV coverage
2501
5/9/2011
3/14/2011
1/11/2011
0
4.0
20
8/9/2011
500
6.0
30
6/27/2011
1000
40
6/27/2011
1500
8.0
50
5/9/2011
2000
10.0
60
5/9/2011
2500
12.0
70
3/14/2011
3000
Mass of P
80
1/11/2011
3500
FAV coverage
Mass of P in canal (kg)
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
% FAV coverage
Mass of dried FAV
Average TP conc. In FAV (mg/kg)
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
0401
Figure 16. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 0401 and 2501. (Left) Changes in mass of dried FAV and average TP
concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time.
48
6117
0.0
Mass of P
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Clean Canal (No appreciable FAV)
3/14/2011
% FAV coverage
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1/11/2011
4/3/2012
FAV coverage
4/3/2012
4/3/2012
1/23/2012
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1/23/2012
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
6/27/2011
5/9/2011
3/14/2011
0
1813
Ave. TP conc.
Clean Canal (No appreciable FAV)
1/11/2011
1.0
Mass of P in canal (kg)
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
10/6/2011
8/9/2011
6/27/2011
Mass of dried FAV
Average TP conc. In FAV (mg/kg)
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
1813
5/9/2011
3/14/2011
0
1/11/2011
0
10
4/3/2012
500
2.0
1/23/2012
500
20
1/23/2012
1000
10/6/2011
1000
3.0
30
10/6/2011
1500
8/9/2011
1500
4.0
40
8/9/2011
2000
5.0
50
6/27/2011
2000
6.0
60
6/27/2011
2500
7.0
70
5/9/2011
2500
3000
80
5/9/2011
3000
3500
1/11/2011
4000
Mass of P
Mass of P in canal (kg)
3500
FAV coverage
3/14/2011
Ave. TP conc.
% FAV coverage
Mass of dried FAV
Average TP conc. In FAV (mg/kg)
Mass of dried FAV (kg)
6117
Figure 17. Comparison of FAV in main canals of farms 6117 and 1813. (Left) Changes in mass of dried FAV and average TP
concentration of FAV over time. (Right) Changes in percent FAV coverage and mass of P in FAV over time.
49
Water Quality Monitoring
The eight farms (four pairs) are being monitored for water quality since November 2010.
There are two conditions when canal waters that are sampled: (i) ambient condition (canal water
grab samples), and (ii) drainage condition (flow-composited, drainage water samples). Grab
water samples are collected regularly from all eight farms’ main canals at three locations per
main farm canal, i.e., A, B, and C. The three grab sampling locations are in proximity of
sediment sampling transect locations as shown in the aerial farm maps (Figures 2-5; see Farm
Description section for more detail). The sampling location A is located halfway between the
main canal length midpoint and the pumphouse, location B is located at the halfway point of the
main farm canal reach, and location C is located halfway between location B and the end of the
main canal reach. The periodicity of grab water sampling was at least two times per month.
However, grab water samples are not collected during weeks when a farm was actively
discharging drainage water. Drainage water samples were collected on a flow-weighted basis by
auto-sampler during drainage events (active pumping of water off the farm).
Water Sampling Procedures
Ambient canal water samples are collected using an in-house grab sampling technique,
which uses a 1.25 L Nalgene bottle harnessed by insulated wire to one end of an aluminum pole.
The pole is gently immersed approximately 0.5 m below the canal surface while the sample
bottle fills with water. The bottles are labeled and preserved on ice while being transported to the
EREC lab for analyses. Field blanks and field duplicates are collected at every sampling event as
per QA-QC guidelines (Quality Manual ver. 7.1, Josan et al., 2010).
Drainage water samples are collected daily as a flow-composite sample (Photo 2). The
composite sample is collected by auto-sampler using a solar power that is triggered by a data
logger set at farm-specific flow discharge volume intervals. Drainage water samples are stored
on-site in refrigerated containers until sample collection. Sample collection occurs within 24-36
hours of the initial drainage water sample collection.
Laboratory Analyses
All water samples are analyzed for total P (TP; Photo 3), total dissolved P (TDP), soluble
reactive P (SRP; Photo 3), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, and dissolved calcium (Ca; photo
50
4). Particulate P (PP) was calculated as the difference between TP and TDP, whereas dissolved
organic P (DOP) was calculated as a difference between TDP (after digestion) and SRP. The
water samples were filtered through 0.45 µm filter and the filtrate were analyzed for TDP and
SRP. For TP and TDP analysis water samples were digested in the presence of concentrated
sulfuric acid, ammonium persulfate using method 365.1 (USEPA, 2003). All samples were
analyzed for ortho-P using ascorbic acid method (Murphy and Riley, 1962) using an automated
air segmented continuous flow analyzer, Auto Analyzer 3 (AA3) manufactured by Seal. Samples
were analyzed in a range between 0.00 and 0.50 mg/ l. Samples with a concentration greater than
0.50 mg/l were diluted to fall in the applicable range. For the WY2012, the respective method
detection limits for TP, TDP, and SRP were 0.005, 0.005, and 0.001 mg/l respectively. Detailed
analytical procedures are contained in the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater (APHA, 1998), and EREC Quality Manual Ver. 7.1. (Josan et al. 2010, SOP 28 Rev.
1).
For the TSS analysis, a well-mixed water sample (minimum 500 ml, equilibrated to
controlled room temperature) was filtered through a pre-weighted standard glass fiber filter and
the residue retained on the filter was dried to a constant weight at 105°C. The increase in weight
of the filter was recorded and TSS concentrations were calculated on per liter basis. The practical
range of the determination is 1 mg/l to 20,000 mg/l. The outlined procure is based on method
160.2 (USEPA, 2004) and details of the method are available in EREC Quality Manual Ver. 7.1
(SOP 13 Rev. 3). The total suspended solid were calculated using the following equation:
TSS (mg / L ) =
( weightofdryfilter + residue + dish − weightofdryfilter + dish ) × 1000000
Samplevolume
The pH of the water samples were determined using a combination glass electrode. The
total dissolved Ca levels, hereafter referred as Ca, were analyzed using an atomic absorption
spectrophotometer.
51
Photo 2. Datalogger, auto-sampler, refrigerator, and drainage water composite sample collection.
52
Photo 3. Orthophosphate (top) and total phosphorus (bottom) analyses being conducted on SEAL® Auto Analyzer.
53
Photo 4. Calibration of Hydrolab MiniSonde® left, and Ca analyses using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, right.
54
Ambient Farm Canal Water Monitoring Results
The P species’ concentrations during the ambient canal conditions at three set locations
on each farm are summarized in Tables 9 and 10. Additionally, the box-plots of TP with
matching farm pairs are presented in Figure 18. The boxplots provide the exploratory data
analysis along with visual summaries about P concentrations of ambient canal water during the
monitoring period.
Complete detailed lists of grab water samples results have been presented in Tables A5A12 in the appendix section. These tables present water quality parameters at each farm location
for individual sampling dates for each of the three transects per farm. For example, Table A5
shows the water quality parameters of grab canal water samples collected during each sampling
event from November 2010 through April 2012 from the farm 0401.
For farm pair 0401 and 2501 the average TP values were 0.048 (± 0.043) mg/l and 0.060
(±0.052) mg/l respectively (Table 9). The highest TP values of 0.207 and 0.264 mg/l were
observed on 2/23/2011 and 3/16/2011 for the farms 0401 and 2501 respectively.
For farm pair 1813 and 6117 the average TP concentration was 0.074 (± 0.035) mg/l and
0.093 (± 0.040) mg/l respectively (Table 9). The maximum TP values of 0.242 and 0.258 mg/l
were observed on 3/12/2012 and 1/4/2011 for the farm 1813 and 6117 respectively.
For the farm pair 3102 and 3103 the average TP concentrations vales were 0.102 (±
0.073) and 0.078 (± 0.049) mg/l respectively. Amongst all of the farms, the farm 3102 showed
wide variability in TP (Figure 18). The maximum TP values of 0.341 and 0.348 mg/l were
observed on 3/16/2011 and 4/23/2012 for the farm 3102 and 3103 respectively (Table A9). Farm
3102 had higher average SRP concentration (0.059 ± 0.049 mg/l) than the farm 3103 (0.035 ±
0.046 mg/l).
Farm 4701 had the lower average TP (0.040 ± 0.025) concentrations than that of 4702
(0.056 ± 0.026 mg/l) (Table 10). Total P concentrations of the grab water samples collected from
the farm 4701 exhibited less variability than that of farm 4702 (Figure 18). The maximum TP
values of 0.149 and 0.140 mg/l were observed on 3/16/2011 and 2/27/2012 for the farm 4701 and
4702 respectively. Farm 4701 had the lowest average SRP (0.005 ± 0.001 mg/l) concentrations
amongst the entire farms, with a maximum value of 0.031mg/l observed on 12/6/2011.
Bar graphs of ambient canal water average P speciation concentrations and percent total
P fraction by farm showed that PP fraction was the dominant fraction observed in ambient canal
55
water with the exception of Farm 3102 (Figure 19). The average contribution of PP to the TP in
the grab water samples ranged from as low as 31% (0.03 mg/l) for the farm 3102 to as high as
59% ( 0.025 mg/l) for the farm 4701. This behavior resulted in a high SRP contribution (56%) to
the TP for the farm 3102 and a lower SRP contribution (16%) for the farm 4701 respectively.
Table 9. Summary statistics of phosphorus species concentrations of ambient canal waters
for farm pairs in S5A sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012.
Farm
N Variable
Mean
Std.
Minimum
Maximum
Median
ID
(mg\ l)
dev.
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
78 TP
0.048
0.043
0.003
0.207
0.034
77 TDP
0.030
0.033
0.002
0.192
0.016
77 PP
0.021
0.027
0.000
0.173
0.015
0401
76 SRP
0.021
0.027
0.001
0.183
0.009
62 DOP
0.013
0.024
0.000
0.165
0.005
78 TP
0.060
0.052
0.011
0.264
0.045
77 TDP
0.037
0.043
0.004
0.238
0.023
2501
77 PP
0.024
0.027
0.000
0.220
0.019
81 SRP
0.027
0.035
0.000
0.225
0.015
77 DOP
0.010
0.018
0.000
0.154
0.007
78 TP
0.074
0.035
0.028
0.242
0.068
77 TDP
0.032
0.022
0.010
0.118
0.021
77 PP
0.043
0.027
0.000
0.229
0.037
1813
76 SRP
0.022
0.021
0.001
0.104
0.015
65 DOP
0.012
0.013
0.000
0.065
0.010
78 TP
0.093
0.040
0.038
0.258
0.085
77 TDP
0.048
0.032
0.014
0.160
0.037
77 PP
0.044
0.025
0.007
0.167
0.041
6117
74 SRP
0.033
0.027
0.004
0.124
0.025
65 DOP
0.015
0.013
0.000
0.085
0.013
1
TP = total phosphorus, TDP = total dissolved phosphorus; PP = particulate phosphorus; SRP =
soluble reactive phosphorus, DOP = dissolved organic phosphorus, and Std. dev. = standard
deviation; PP = TP – TDP and DOP = TDP – SRP.
The average PP concentrations of the ambient water samples for the farm pair 0401 and
2501 averaged 0.021 (± 0.027), and 0.024 (± 0.027) mg/l, representing 38 and 39% of the TP in
the water column respectively. For the farm pair 1813 and 6117, the average PP concentrations
were 0.043 (± 0.027) and 0.044 (± 0.025) mg/l respectively and representing 55 and 48% of the
TP. For the farm pair 3102 and 3103 the average PP concentrations were 0.033 (± 0.055) and
0.028 (± 0.019) mg/l respectively and representing 32 and 36% of the TP.
56
Average DOP concentrations were similar among all the farms with values ranging from
0.010 to 0.015 mg/l. The average contribution of the DOP to total P varied from 12% (Farm
3102) to 23% (Farm 0401).
A summary of ambient canal water pH, dissolved Ca and TSS is presented in Table 11.
For the entire ambient canal water data set, the pH values ranged from 6.9 to 8.9 with an overall
average of 8.0 (± 0.4). The Ca concentrations varied from 28.8 to 164 mg/l with an overall
average of 71.5 (± 28.8) mg/l. The TSS content ranged from 0.2 to 137.8 mg/l, with an overall
average of 8.6 (± 9.6) mg/l. The TSS content of the farm 6117 was more variable than the other
monitored farms (Figure A5), whereas Ca concentrations of the farm 4702 were more variable
for the farm 4702 (Figure A6).
57
Table 10. Summary statistics of phosphorus species concentrations of ambient canal waters
for farm pairs in S6 sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012.
Farm
N 1Variable
Mean
Std.
Minimum
Maximum
Median
ID
(mg\ l)
Dev.
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
78
TP
0.102
0.073
0.025
0.341
0.078
77
TDP
0.070
0.051
0.015
0.291
0.054
3102
76
PP
0.033
0.055
0.000
0.281
0.019
76
SRP
0.059
0.049
0.008
0.269
0.044
69
DOP
0.013
0.013
0.000
0.077
0.011
78
TP
0.078
0.049
0.024
0.348
0.068
77
TDP
0.050
0.047
0.010
0.322
0.039
76
PP
0.028
0.019
0.004
0.102
0.024
3103
79
SRP
0.035
0.046
0.004
0.318
0.019
74
DOP
0.015
0.014
0.000
0.078
0.011
78
TP
0.040
0.025
0.018
0.149
0.032
78
TDP
0.018
0.015
0.005
0.090
0.014
78
PP
0.025
0.025
0.005
0.137
0.018
4701
80
SRP
0.007
0.005
0.001
0.031
0.005
76
DOP
0.011
0.015
0.000
0.087
0.009
78
TP
0.056
0.026
0.020
0.140
0.048
78
TDP
0.032
0.027
0.008
0.130
0.020
75
PP
0.027
0.019
0.000
0.092
0.023
4702
80
SRP
0.022
0.023
0.003
0.133
0.014
66
DOP
0.012
0.014
0.000
0.068
0.008
1
TP = total phosphorus, TDP = total dissolved phosphorus; PP = particulate phosphorus; SRP =
soluble reactive phosphorus, DOP = dissolved organic phosphorus, and Std. dev. = standard
deviation; PP = TP – TDP and DOP = TDP – SRP.
58
Figure 18. Distribution of total P (TP) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from November 2010 through
April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
59
0.12
PP
SRP
DOP
0.10
P (mg/l)
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
100
% P Fraction
80
60
40
20
0
Farm ID
Figure 19. Ambient canal water average P speciation concentrations and percent total P by
farm from November 2010 through April 2012.
60
Table 11. Summary statistics of ambient canal water pH, calcium, and total suspended
solids for S5A and S6 sub-basin farm pairs from November 2010 to April 2012.
Farm
N Variable1 Mean
Std Minimum Maximum
Median
ID
Dev
78
pH
8.1
0.4
7.2
8.7
8.2
81
Ca
58.8
14.4
33.2
98.4
58.2
0401
81
TSS
7.8
12.0
0.2
88.2
4.8
78
pH
8.3
0.3
7.1
8.9
8.3
81
Ca
53.3
13.0
28.8
79.5
53.7
2501
81
TSS
8.8
15.2
0.7
137.8
6.7
78
pH
8.2
0.3
7.5
8.8
8.2
81
Ca
70.9
20.4
33.8
128.0
68.2
1813
81
TSS
10.4
5.8
3.1
32.6
9.3
78
pH
7.9
0.3
7.2
8.8
7.8
81
Ca
71.4
18.1
33.7
114.9
71.2
6117
80
TSS
12.0
7.5
0.5
44.4
10.3
78
pH
7.7
0.3
6.9
8.4
7.7
81
Ca
74.5
27.0
35.5
132.6
71.1
3102
81
TSS
9.2
13.5
0.5
110.3
5.6
78
pH
7.8
0.3
7.3
8.3
7.7
81
Ca
90.0
28.0
38.2
144.5
84.3
3103
81
TSS
6.5
4.6
0.4
24.0
4.8
78
pH
8.1
0.2
7.6
8.7
8.1
81
Ca
63.3
18.8
36.1
106.5
58.2
4701
81
TSS
7.0
3.2
1.0
19.3
6.4
78
pH
7.9
0.3
7.1
8.7
7.9
81
Ca
90.0
32.2
39.1
163.7
90.5
4702
81
TSS
6.9
5.6
0.5
31.4
5.6
1
Ca = dissolved calcium (mg\ l), TSS = total suspended solids (mg\ l) and Std. dev.= standard
deviation.
61
Farm Canal In Situ Monitoring
A monitoring program was established in November 2011 to measure water quality parameters
that may influence P cycling within farm canals. Hydrolab MiniSonde® Series 5 multi-parameter
water quality data loggers were used to measure and record temperature, pH, specific
conductance (conductivity), and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and depth in situ. The
MiniSonde® units were calibrated according to company specifications and programmed for a
seven-day run (programmed to record a measurement every hour). The units were deployed in
the center of each of the farm’s main canal at transect B at a depth of 0.25 meter above the
sediment surface. After the MiniSonde® programmed seven day run ends, it was retrieved from
the field, and the data were downloaded to a computer and stored in electronic format. A postrun assessment for drift of the instrument’s sensors was also immediately conducted. The
instruments were then cleaned, maintained, and re-calibrated in the laboratory. The units were
returned to the field for deployment during the following week’s monitoring cycle. All field and
laboratory activities strictly follow relevant Standard Operating Procedures and the National
Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (NELAP) approved quality manual. Quality
control criteria regarding sensor drift and biofouling were as follows: pH <0.2 at pH=7.0 (Fisher
Certified Standard: SB108-20 6.99 – 7.01 @ 25° C); conductivity < 100 µS/cm at 1413 µS/cm
(0.01 M KCl); and redox < 20 mv of Zobell Solution (APHA-Redox Standard: 9880-1, + 428
mV against standard Hydrogen reference electrode at 25° C).
Farm Canal In Situ Monitoring Results
The summary statistics of hourly in situ water quality measurement are presented in
Table 12. In addition, a more detailed summary of in situ monitoring results has been presented
in Figures A7-A14 in the appendix section. These figures summarize water quality parameters at
the selected farm canal location (B) for individual deployments. For example, Figure A7 shows
the daily average water quality parameters measured from October 2011 through May 2012 for
the farm 0401.
The ambient canal water temperature ranged as low as 11.9°C for the farm 4701 to as
high as 30.6°C for the farm 2501 (Table 12). The pH values varied from as low as 6.5 in farm
2501 to as high as of 9.7 in the farm 0401. The conductivity values ranged from as low as 485
µS/cm in farm 0401 to as high as 1814 µS/cm. The lowest ORP value of -349 mV was observed
62
in the farm 3102, whereas the maximum ORP value of 687 mV was observed in the farm 4702.
The in situ data will be further examined for diurnal and seasonal variations once the monitoring
period is over. Additionally these data values can also be used as covariates while conducting the
regression studies.
Table 12. Summary statistics of hourly in situ water quality measurements collected from
October 2011 through April 2012.
1
Farm
Statistical
Temperature
pH
SpCond1
ORP2
Parameter
(°C)
(µS/cm)
(mV)
Mean
22.8
7.9
855
471
Minimum
13.9
6.9
485
-181
0401
Maximum
30.0
9.7
1814
636
Mean
22.7
8.2
771
510
Minimum
13.0
6.5
492
205
2501
Maximum
30.6
9.0
1299
668
Mean
22.7
8.0
859
470
Minimum
13.0
6.7
517
271
1813
Maximum
29.2
8.6
1218
656
Mean
22.9
7.7
889
517
Minimum
13.3
6.9
520
-36
6117
Maximum
28.8
8.6
1528
675
Mean
21.7
7.7
1181
424
Minimum
13.0
7.1
528
-349
3102
Maximum
31.2
9.0
1634
665
Mean
21.8
7.6
1227
495
Minimum
12.9
7.0
173
-93
3103
Maximum
31.2
8.2
2176
669
Mean
22.4
8.1
1013
452
Minimum
12.1
7.3
544
60
4701
Maximum
29.1
9.3
1400
607
Mean
21.5
7.7
1245
475
Minimum
11.9
6.8
658
-30
4702
Maximum
29.8
8.7
1509
687
1
SpCond= specific conductivity
2
ORP = oxidation reduction potential
63
Farm Drainage Water
Drainage water concentrations of P species, pH, Ca, and TSS levels are presented in
Tables 13 and 14. Overall, the TP concentrations ranged from a minimum of 0.032 mg\l at farm
4701 to a maximum of 0.748 mg\l at farm 3102 (Tables 13 and 14). Farm pairs matched well for
comparison of drainage water TP with the largest differences in mean TP (0.104 mg\l) observed
between farms 3101 and 3102. The least difference in mean TP between farm pairs (0.018 mg\l)
was observed between farms 4701 and 4702. Summary statistics of other P species in farm
drainage water are also presented in Tables 13 and 14. Secondary water quality parameter data
for farm drainage waters are presented in Table 15. Farm drainage water means for pH Ca, and
TSS were similar for all farm pairs; farm pair 0401 and 2501 had the largest difference in mean
TSS concentration (12.2 mg\ l) compared to the other three farm pairs. Other differences
between farms of a pair were negligible.
Initial compilation of farm drainage data was conducted at daily, weekly, biweekly, and
monthly time intervals. Higher correlation coefficients and better fitting regression models were
observed with the biweekly time interval data set. Biweekly correlation coefficients for rainfall,
drainage volume, and P load are presented in Table 16. The lowest correlation coefficients were
observed for farm pair 4701 and 4702. This was also the farm pair with the least number of
drainage events. The other three farm pairs had promising correlation coefficients for all three
parameters. Additional regression investigations are being conducted to evaluate additional
parameters (ambient canal water data) that may be utilized to develop more robust P load
regression models. Additionally visual comparisons of daily load data suggest that for most
drainage events, farm pairs had similar TP concentrations of drainage water, rainfall, and
drainage volumes. Graphs of daily rainfall, drainage volume, and P load by farm pair are
presented in Appendix Figures A16 through A26.
Drainage water TP concentration variation by farm is presented in box plot format in
Figure 19. The greatest variation in drainage water TP was observed at farms 3102 and 3103;
the least variation in TP concentration was observed at farms 4701 and 4702. (Box plots of
drainage water TDP, SRP, PP, DOP and TSS are presented in Appendix Figures A27 through
A31). The P speciation of farm drainage water is affected by many factors. In this study we are
investigating possible relationships between P speciation and FAV and canal management. Plots
of average drainage water P speciation and percent contribution to total P are presented in Figure
64
20. For all farms the contribution of DOP to total P was minimal. Both PP and SRP contributed
similarly to total P on the majority of the farms, with TDP contributing slightly more to total P
export.
Table 13. Summary statistics of drainage water phosphorus concentrations of farm pairs in
the S5A sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012.
Farm ID
N
Variable1
Mean
Std. Minimum Maximum
Median
(mg\ l)
dev.
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
35
TP
0.101
0.045
0.046
0.193
0.089
35
TDP
0.039
0.012
0.020
0.072
0.038
35
PP
0.062
0.041
0.013
0.163
0.042
0401
35
SRP
0.036
0.015
0.019
0.070
0.032
27
DOP
0.007
0.005
0.000
0.019
0.008
27
TP
0.076
0.025
0.042
0.135
0.072
27
TDP
0.040
0.018
0.016
0.083
0.034
28
PP
0.035
0.022
0.000
0.084
0.032
2501
28
SRP
0.032
0.015
0.011
0.065
0.027
27
DOP
0.007
0.010
0.000
0.034
0.007
29
TP
0.083
0.036
0.036
0.176
0.068
29
TDP
0.044
0.036
0.012
0.150
0.037
29
PP
0.039
0.016
0.017
0.084
0.036
1813
29
SRP
0.041
0.033
0.006
0.129
0.034
24
DOP
0.008
0.006
0.000
0.022
0.006
23
TP
0.141
0.052
0.070
0.310
0.129
23
TDP
0.069
0.037
0.026
0.153
0.068
23
PP
0.072
0.046
0.033
0.242
0.061
6117
23
SRP
0.056
0.038
0.012
0.145
0.043
21
DOP
0.015
0.012
0.001
0.060
0.013
1
TP = total phosphorus, TDP = total dissolved phosphorus; PP = particulate phosphorus; SRP =
soluble reactive phosphorus, DOP = dissolved organic phosphorus, and Std. dev. = standard
deviation; PP = TP – TDP and DOP = TDP – SRP.
65
Table 14. Summary statistics of drainage water phosphorus concentrations of farm pairs in
the S6 sub-basin from November 2010 through April 2012.
Farm ID
N
Variable1
Mean
Std.
Minimum Maximum Median
dev.
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
(mg\ l)
35
TP
0.282
0.119
0.126
0.748
0.274
3102
35
TDP
0.171
0.057
0.023
0.270
0.177
36
PP
0.107
0.099
0.000
0.564
0.076
36
SRP
0.161
0.055
0.059
0.273
0.160
26
DOP
0.015
0.017
0.000
0.032
0.017
40
TP
0.178
0.077
0.070
0.380
0.166
3103
40
TDP
0.101
0.053
0.018
0.257
0.094
41
PP
0.076
0.043
0.000
0.193
0.069
41
SRP
0.091
0.055
0.011
0.235
0.081
36
DOP
0.009
0.036
0.000
0.118
0.010
20
TP
0.045
0.019
0.029
0.115
0.040
4701
20
TDP
0.020
0.014
0.006
0.064
0.015
19
PP
0.027
0.011
0.002
0.051
0.027
20
SRP
0.016
0.013
0.004
0.064
0.012
13
DOP
0.008
0.009
0.000
0.032
0.005
23
TP
0.063
0.018
0.032
0.104
0.059
4702
23
TDP
0.034
0.016
0.012
0.062
0.033
23
PP
0.029
0.010
0.012
0.049
0.027
23
SRP
0.037
0.016
0.007
0.070
0.036
8
DOP
0.009
0.006
0.001
0.020
0.007
1
TP = total phosphorus, TDP = total dissolved phosphorus; PP = particulate phosphorus; SRP =
soluble reactive phosphorus, DOP = dissolved organic phosphorus, and Std. dev. = standard
deviation; PP = TP – TDP and DOP = TDP – SRP.
66
Table 15. Summary statistics of drainage water pH, calcium, and total suspended solids in
S5A and S6 basin farms from November 2010 to April 2012.
Farm ID
N 1Variable Mean
Std.
Minimum Maximum Median
dev.
35
pH
7.8
0.2
7.4
8.2
7.8
35
Ca
114.9
25.9
36.2
148.0
116.9
401
34
TSS
25.8
18.4
4.3
76.9
20.6
28
pH
7.8
0.2
7.4
8.2
7.8
28
Ca
119.7
32.4
37.1
148.0
130.1
2501
27
TSS
13.6
9.0
2.4
30.6
12.5
29
pH
7.9
0.2
7.4
8.3
7.9
29
Ca
115.6
11.7
83.6
135.6
117.0
1813
28
TSS
12.8
5.4
4.1
24.0
11.6
23
pH
7.7
0.2
7.4
8.2
7.7
23
Ca
123.2
12.9
81.6
141.8
123.2
6117
23
TSS
12.9
31.3
4.3
38.2
10.3
36
pH
7.7
0.2
7.4
8.6
7.7
36
Ca
111.9
24.2
47.9
136.1
121.8
3102
33
TSS
27.1
23.0
1.8
93.2
22.1
41
pH
7.7
0.4
5.6
8.2
7.8
41
Ca
119.5
24.6
56.3
146.2
127.1
3103
40
TSS
21.7
59.2
2.4
86.9
14.8
20
pH
7.8
0.2
7.5
8.2
7.8
20
Ca
100.6
21.5
44.7
142.2
103.3
4701
20
TSS
9.6
6.6
2.4
23.1
6.6
23
pH
7.7
0.2
7.4
8.1
7.7
23
Ca
135.6
22.0
46.6
155.2
140.8
4702
21
TSS
10.7
10.7
2.8
52.1
7.5
1
Ca = dissolved calcium (mg\ l), TSS = total suspended solids (mg\ l) and Std. dev. = standard
deviation.
67
Table 16. Spearman correlation coefficients of biweekly farm drainage data.
Drainage
Rainfall
FWTP
P Load
Farm Pair1
Volume
S5A Sub Basin
0.789
0.876
0.844
0401 vs. 2501
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
0.828
0.898
0.795
1813 vs. 6117
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
S6 Sub Basin
0.764
0.833
0.900
3102 vs. 3103
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
0.820
0.659
0.625
4701 vs. 4702
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
(<0.0001)
1
Number of observations N=37; values in parentheses are significance values.
68
0.885
(<0.0001)
0.879
(<0.0001)
0.920
(<0.0001)
0.691
(<0.0001)
Figure 19. Distribution of total P (TP) concentrations in drainage water samples collected from November 2010 through April
2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
69
0.35
PP
SRP
DOP
0.30
P (mg/l)
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
0401
2501
1813
6117
3102
3103
4701
4702
100
% P Fraction
80
60
40
20
0
Farm ID
Figure 20. Drainage water average P speciation concentrations and percent of total P by
farm from November 2010 through April 2012.
70
BMP Training Workshops
Two BMP training sessions were conducted in the past year. Sessions were held on
September 29, 2011 and April 19, 2012 respectively. On both occasions there was an excellent
turnout of attendees; over 200 participants attended counting both training sessions. Both
workshops lasted for over 4 hours and included talks by experts on topics pertinent to the EAA
basin and South Florida ecosystem restoration. The evaluations received from participants at the
conclusion of both sessions were very positive. The speakers and their presentation titles are
listed in Table 17 below.
Table 17. Speakers, affiliations, and presentations for BMP training workshops held in WY
2012.
Speaker
Affiliation
Presentation Title
Samira Daroub, PhD
EREC/UF/IFAS
Timothy Lang, PhD
EREC/UF/IFAS
Manohardeep Josan, PhD
EREC/UF/IFAS
Everglades Program Chapter 40E-63,
F.A.C.
BMP Research Update: Management of
Floating Aquatic Vegetation
Sediment and Particulate Control Practices
Jehangir Bhadha, PhD
Mabry McCray, PhD
EREC/UF/IFAS
Regional Agronomic
Extension Agent II
EREC/UF/IFAS
BMP Program and Performance Overview
Wise Use of Pesticides With Emphasis on
Atrazine and Ametryn
Nutrient Application and Control Practices
Doug Pescatore, MS
SFWMD
EAA Basin Phosphorus Loads
Bill Donovan, PhD
SFWMD
Sugarcane and Rice
Extension Agent IV
FLREC/UF/IFAS
BMP Verification Methodology
Managing Aquatic Weeds in EAA Farm
Canals
Managing Aquatic Weeds in Farm Canals
Private Consultant
USDA/ARS Canal
Point
What’s Going On With Lake Okeechobee?
Les Baucum, MS
Ron Rice, PhD
Lyn Gettys, PhD
Tom MacVicar, MS
Barry Glaz, MS
Sugarcane Production and BMPs
The BMP Regulatory Program (Rule 40E-63) was explained in detail by Samira Daroub,
Professor at EREC. Dr. Daroub covered the history of the BMP rule and the development of its
many regulations and requirements. Specific requirements and terms of the rule regarding EAA
71
farming operations were explained and discussed with the participants. In addition a synopsis of
Everglades restoration and the state of the current efforts was provided.
The wise use of Atrazine and Ametryn, two commonly applied sugarcane herbicides was
covered by Les Baucum, Hendry County Extension Agent II with IFAS/UF. The importance of
safe handling and application of all pesticides, but especially these two indicator pesticides was
explained in terms and consequences that the participants could identify. Techniques to minimize
risks to environment and applicators were stressed which included anti-siphon check valves,
setbacks from water bodies, importance of pesticide labels, meaning of LD50 and half-life, and
others.
Dr. Timothy Lang, Research Scientist and Project Manager for the FAV impact on farm
P loads project, presented an overview of the various undertakings with respect to the ongoing
project with the EAA-EPD and the SFWMD, and plans for future work. The final scope of work
was presented along with farm selection criterion and some preliminary findings.
Dr. Jehangir Bhadha, Research Associate in Soil and Water Science at EREC provided an
in depth review of the BMP Program and its recent performance. He reviewed annual EAA basin
P loadings and related them to their associated parameters of annual rainfall amount and
distribution and rainfall effects on farm drainage water volume and P concentration.
Phosphorus fertilizer application and control practices in the EAA were presented by Dr.
Mabry McCray, Associate Scientist of Agronomy at EREC. Dr. McCray discussed methods to
reduce the negative environmental impacts of P fertilizer application that included calibrated soil
testing, banding of P fertilizers, effects of different P sources on P solubility, recommended
fertilizer spill prevention protocols, and soil pH and P availability relationships, and sugarcane
leaf P analysis and the Diagnostic Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was explained.
Sediment and particulate control practices were described by Dr. Josan Manohardeep
Singh, Research Associate in Soil and Water Science at EREC. Twelve techniques that are
commonly employed on EAA farms to minimize sediment generation and transport were
presented and discussed. Proper implementation of each technique was emphasized.
A thorough presentation of the requirements for the successful verification of BMPs
implemented at the farm level was provided by Dr. William Donovan, Senior Scientist at the
SFWMD Everglades Regulation Division. Bill covered the methodology that the SFWMD uses
72
to verify proper BMP implementation on EAA farms, which included the rationale and
documentation requirements for BMP verification.
First-hand experience of implementing rainfall detention practices was provided by Mark
Howell, environmental and water resources manager of Florida Crystals Corporation®. Mark
explained the practices and requirements for successful implementation of this integral BMP. He
thoroughly discussed pump log requirements, rainfall determinations for pump operations, canal
level start and stop elevations, and recognized exception events.
The management of aquatic weeds in EAA farm canals was presented by Dr. Ron Rice,
Palm Beach County Extension Agent II with the UF/IFAS. The five most prevalent floating
aquatic weeds found in EAA farm canals were reviewed and their control practices discussed.
Dr. Rice presented methods to minimize the negative impacts of floating aquatic vegetation on
water quality and Farm P loads.
The critical management of water tables and sugarcane production was clarified by Barry
Glaz, Research Agronomist with the USDA at Canal Point, Florida. The relationships between
sugarcane water management practices and their effects on crop yield, drainage waters, and soil
were presented. Barry’s research results from high water table and flooded sugarcane
experiments were discussed. Possible management practices for field implementation were
suggested and discussed with participants.
Mr. Douglass Pescatore, Senior Programmer/Project Manager, SFMWD, gave us an in
depth review of annual EAA basin, sub-basin, and farm P loads. Associated parameters were
also presented and discussed along with strategies to improve BMP performance at the farm and
sub-basin levels.
Dr. Lyn Gettys, Weed Scientist at the Fort Lauderdale, UF/IFAS discussed the five most
prevalent floating aquatic weeds found in EAA farm canals and also reviewed control practices.
Her presentation highlighted some of the methods used to minimize impacts on water quality and
farm P loads.
Mr. Tom MacVicar, Hydrologist with MFL Associates discussed the relationships
between Lake Okeechobee and its surrounding inflow and outflow basins. He also spoke about
the historical and future trends of water quality and stage level within Lake Okeechobee, and
explored potential treatment options to reduce P levels in the Lake.
73
Photo 5. Images of selected speakers from BMP training sessions held at the EREC in
September 2011 and April 2012.
74
References
American Public Health Association. 1998 Standard methods for the examination of water and
wastewater. 20th ed. APHA, Washington, DC.
Andersen, J.M. 1974. An ignition method for determination of phosphorus in lake sediments.
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Bishop, P.L., W.D. Hively, J.R. Stedinger, M.R. Rafferty, J.L. Lojpersberger, and J.A.
Bloomfield. 2005. Multivariate analysis of paired watershed data to evaluate agricultural best
management practice effects on stream water phosphorus. J. Environ. Qual. 34:1087–1101.
Danen-Louwerse, H.J., L. Lijklema, and M. Coenraats. 1995. Coprecipitation of phosphate with
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Daroub, S.H., T.A. Lang, O.A. Diaz, M. Chen, and J.D. Stuck. 2005. Annual Report submitted to
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Quality Laboratory, Everglades Research and Education Center, University of Florida.
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Murphy, T., K. Hall, and I. Yasaki. 1983. Coprecipitation of phosphate and calcite in naturally
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Reddy, K.R., J.C. Tucker, and W.F. DeBusk. 1987. The role of Egeria in removing nitrogen and
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South Florida Environmental Report. 2012. South Florida Water Management District, West
Palm Beach Florida.
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Stuck, J.D. 1996. Particulate phosphorus transport in the water conveyance systems of the
Everglades Agricultural Area. Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Florida
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Gainesville, Fla.
United States Environmental Protection Agency.1993. Paired watershed study design. USEPA
Fact Sheet 841-F-93-009
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revised edition.
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76
Appendix
List of Appendix Tables
Table A1. Crop acreages by month for farm 0401 and 2501.............................................................. 80
Table A2. Crop acreages by month for farms 1813 and 6117. ........................................................... 81
Table A3. Crop acreages by month for farms 4701 and 4702. ........................................................... 82
Table A4. Crop acreages by month for farms 3102 and 3103. ........................................................... 83
Table A5. Detailed water quality parameters of grab canal water samples collected from Farm 0401
from November 2010 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 84
Table A6. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected from Farm
2501 from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................................................... 86
Table A7. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected from Farm
1813 from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................................................... 88
Table A8. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected from Farm
6117 from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................................................... 90
Table A9. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected from Farm
3102 from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................................................... 92
Table A10. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected from Farm
3103 from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................................................... 94
Table A11. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected from Farm
4701 from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................................................... 96
Table A12. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected from Farm
4702 from November 2010 through April 2012. .......................................................................... 98
Table A13. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from farm 0401
from February 2011 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 114
Table A14. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from farm 2501
from February 2011 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 115
Table A15. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from farm 1813
from February 2011 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 116
Table A16. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from farm 6117
from February 2011 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 117
Table A17. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from farm 3102
from February 2011 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 118
Table A18. Table A18. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 3103 from February 2011 through April 2012. .................................................................. 119
Table A19. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from farm 4701
from February 2011 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 120
Table A20. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from farm 4702
from February 2011 through April 2012. ................................................................................... 121
77
List of Appendix Figures
Figure A1. Distribution of total dissolved P (TDP) concentrations in canal water grab samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 100
Figure A2. Distribution of soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in canal water grab samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 101
Figure A3. Distribution of particulate-P (PP) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected
from November 2010 through April 2012. ................................................................................. 102
Figure A4. Distribution of dissolved organic P (DOP) concentrations in canal water grab samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 103
Figure A5 Distribution of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in canal water grab samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 104
Figure A6. Distribution of dissolved calcium (Ca) concentrations in canal water grab samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 105
Figure A7. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 0401. ......................................................................................................... 106
Figure A8. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 2501. ......................................................................................................... 107
Figure A9. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 1813. ......................................................................................................... 108
Figure A10. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 6117. ......................................................................................................... 109
Figure A11. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 3102. ......................................................................................................... 110
Figure A12. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 3103. ......................................................................................................... 111
Figure A13. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 4701. ......................................................................................................... 112
Figure A14. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters recorded with
MiniSonde® in farm 4702. ......................................................................................................... 113
Figure A15. Daily rainfall for farms 0401 and 2501 for WY 2012. ................................................. 122
Figure A16. Daily rainfall for farms 1813 and 6117 for WY 2012. ................................................. 122
Figure A17. Daily rainfall for farms 3102 and 3103 for WY 2012. ................................................. 123
Figure A18. Daily rainfall for farms 4701 and 4702 for WY 2012. ................................................. 123
Figure A19. Daily drainage volume for farms 0401 and 2501 for WY 2012................................... 124
Figure A20. Daily drainage volume for farms 1813 and 6117 for WY 2012................................... 124
Figure A21. Daily drainage volume for farms 3102 and 3103 for WY 2012................................... 125
Figure A22. Daily drainage volume for farms 4701 and 4702 for WY 2012................................... 125
Figure A23. Daily P export for farms 0401 and 2501 for WY 2012. ............................................... 126
Figure A24. Daily P export for farms 1813 and 6117 for WY 2012. ............................................... 126
Figure A25. Daily P export for farms 3102 and 3103 for WY 2012. ............................................... 127
Figure A26. Daily P export for farms 4701 and 4702 for WY 2012. ............................................... 127
Figure A27. Distribution of total dissolved P (TDP) concentrations in drainage water samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 128
Figure A28. Distribution of soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in drainage water samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 129
78
Figure A29. Distribution of particulate-P (PP) concentrations in drainage water samples collected
from November 2010 through April 2012. ................................................................................. 130
Figure A30. Distribution of dissolved organic-P (DOP) concentrations in drainage water samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 131
Figure A31. Distribution of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in drainage water samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 132
Figure A32. Distribution of dissolved calcium (Ca) concentrations in drainage water samples
collected from November 2010 through April 2012................................................................... 133
79
Table A1. Crop acreages by month for farm 0401 and 2501.
Farm ID
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
0401
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
2501
Month/Year
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Cane
Acres
498
557
586
644
557
557
557
557
557
557
849
762
615
762
762
762
762
762
691
691
691
658
658
658
658
658
658
658
593
691
428
691
790
790
790
790
%
55
61
65
71
61
61
61
61
61
61
94
84
68
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
72
84
52
84
96
96
96
96
Fallow
Acres
410
205
59
0
0
234
234
351
351
351
59
146
293
0
0
0
146
146
132
132
0
33
33
165
165
165
165
165
230
132
395
99
0
0
0
0
%
45
23
6
0
0
26
26
39
39
39
6
16
32
0
0
0
16
16
16
16
0
4
4
20
20
20
20
20
28
16
48
12
0
0
0
0
Flooded/Rice
Acres
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Corn
Acres
0
88
205
205
351
117
117
0
0
0
0
0
0
146
146
146
0
0
0
0
132
132
132
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
33
33
33
33
33
80
%
0
10
23
23
39
13
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
16
16
0
0
0
0
16
16
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
4
4
4
Beans
Acres
0
59
59
59
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
0
6
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Leaf
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Acres
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
908
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
823
Table A2. Crop acreages by month for farms 1813 and 6117.
Farm ID
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
1813
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
6117
Month/Year
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Cane
Acres
%
594
100
500
84
500
84
500
84
500
84
500
84
500
84
500
84
500
84
500
84
500
84
594
100
594
100
594
100
594
100
594
100
594
100
594
100
720
90
800
100
800
100
800
100
800
100
800
100
800
100
800
100
800
100
580
73
560
70
560
70
60
8
720
90
720
90
720
90
720
90
720
90
Fallow
Acres
0
94
0
0
0
94
94
94
94
94
94
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
220
240
240
740
80
0
0
80
80
%
0
16
0
0
0
16
16
16
16
16
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
30
30
93
10
0
0
10
10
Flooded/Rice
Acres
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Corn
Acres
0
0
94
94
94
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
81
%
0
0
16
16
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beans
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80
80
0
0
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
10
0
0
Leaf
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Acres
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
594
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
800
Table A3. Crop acreages by month for farms 4701 and 4702.
Farm ID
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4701
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
4702
Month/Year
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Cane
Acres
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
320
320
320
320
320
320
320
Fallow
%
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
320
320
320
320
0
0
0
Flooded/Rice
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
50
50
50
0
0
0
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
320
320
320
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
50
50
50
Corn
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beans
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
82
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Leaf
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Acres
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
630
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
640
Table A4. Crop acreages by month for farms 3102 and 3103.
Farm ID
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3102
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
3103
Month/Year
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Jan-2011
Feb-2011
Mar-2011
Apr-2011
May-2011
Jun-2011
Jul-2011
Aug-2011
Sep-2011
Oct-2011
Nov-2011
Dec-2011
Jan-2012
Feb-2012
Mar-2012
Apr-2012
May-2012
Jun-2012
Cane
Acres
1206
89
313
625
670
670
536
536
536
536
491
536
536
491
1251
1251
1251
1251
452
301
151
452
452
452
452
452
452
452
452
301
301
301
452
452
452
452
%
75
6
19
39
42
42
33
33
33
33
31
33
33
31
78
78
78
78
75
50
25
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
75
50
50
50
75
75
75
75
Fallow
Acres
402
1161
357
45
89
938
670
670
1072
536
491
893
849
804
0
223
268
268
0
151
301
0
151
0
0
151
151
0
0
263
301
301
0
0
0
151
%
25
72
22
3
6
58
42
42
67
33
31
56
53
50
0
14
17
17
0
25
50
0
25
0
0
25
25
0
0
44
50
50
0
0
0
25
Flooded/Rice
Acres
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
402
25
402
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
151
25
151
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Corn
Acres
0
357
849
849
849
0
0
0
0
536
491
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
38
38
38
0
0
151
151
151
0
83
%
0
22
53
53
53
0
0
0
0
33
31
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
6
0
0
25
25
25
0
Beans
Acres
0
0
89
89
0
0
0
0
0
0
134
89
134
223
268
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
113
113
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
0
0
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
6
8
14
17
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Leaf
Acres
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
89
89
89
89
89
89
151
151
151
151
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
6
6
6
6
25
25
25
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Total
Acres
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
1608
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
602
Table A5. Detailed water quality parameters of grab canal water samples collected from
Farm 0401 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/19/2011
1/19/2011
1/19/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.046
0.028
0.028
0.025
0.007
0.022
0.050
0.011
0.003
0.127
0.034
0.016
0.173
0.020
0.023
0.207
0.059
0.013
0.124
0.059
0.045
0.070
0.020
0.021
0.052
0.036
0.019
0.119
0.072
0.011
0.090
0.048
0.013
0.070
0.032
0.011
0.086
0.037
0.012
0.063
0.019
0.004
0.049
0.024
0.027
0.054
0.044
0.024
0.077
0.047
0.014
nd
nd
nd
0.038
0.010
0.006
0.013
0.005
0.005
0.041
0.005
0.002
0.067
0.005
0.016
0.167
0.009
0.006
0.192
0.043
0.005
0.106
0.018
0.024
0.044
0.009
0.009
0.030
0.016
0.005
0.087
0.069
0.011
0.056
0.034
0.009
0.042
0.016
nd
0.046
0.027
0.004
0.047
0.006
0.004
0.071
0.053
0.048
0.041
0.029
0.011
0.046
0.025
0.008
nd
nd
nd
0.008
0.018
0.022
0.012
0.002
0.017
0.009
0.006
0.001
0.060
0.029
0.000
0.006
0.011
0.017
0.015
0.016
0.008
0.018
0.041
0.021
0.026
0.011
0.012
0.022
0.020
0.014
0.032
0.003
0.000
0.034
0.014
0.004
0.028
0.016
nd
0.040
0.010
0.009
0.016
0.013
0.001
0.049
0.024
0.027
0.013
0.015
0.013
0.031
0.022
0.006
0.030
0.011
0.010
0.033
0.008
0.007
0.012
0.001
0.001
0.002
0.002
nd
0.004
nd
0.002
0.002
0.007
0.004
0.183
0.049
0.005
0.085
0.006
0.006
0.041
nd
0.003
nd
nd
0.005
0.069
0.052
0.008
0.051
0.029
0.004
0.035
0.032
0.004
0.037
0.008
0.005
0.013
0.002
0.001
0.018
0.002
0.001
0.032
0.018
0.004
0.048
0.021
0.006
nd
nd
nd
0.005
0.002
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.039
0.003
nd
0.063
nd
0.014
0.165
0.002
0.002
0.009
0.000
0.000
0.022
0.012
0.018
0.003
nd
0.006
nd
nd
0.000
0.018
0.017
0.003
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.007
nd
nd
0.009
0.019
nd
0.034
0.005
0.002
0.054
0.051
0.047
0.009
0.011
0.007
nd
0.004
0.002
0.5
6.9
0.5
2.0
15.7
1.2
2.2
1.2
1.8
2.4
4.8
2.8
6.6
10.2
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.6
0.2
5.8
4.8
6.2
2.4
88.2
20.0
3.0
4.0
29.0
4.8
2.4
9.5
8.0
55.9
11.2
2.3
1.9
7.1
2.3
4.7
2.7
3.0
7.6
4.4
2.9
2.8
5.6
13.6
1.8
4.4
3.3
4.5
8.4
8.8
7.4
60.4
64.4
56.7
37.3
47.3
47.9
34.6
36.2
39.1
62.3
62.3
42.4
70.6
67.5
55.2
74.6
69.8
69.0
73.8
68.2
63.8
46.8
45.6
50.0
39.2
39.8
33.2
55.9
59.1
66.1
36.3
63.6
65.3
38.1
39.4
38.5
54.9
56.7
50.8
53.7
64.7
44.6
57.8
56.5
44.6
54.6
56.7
56.0
84.9
79.5
78.7
54.0
65.1
86.3
84
pH
7.2
8.1
8.5
7.9
8.1
8.5
8.3
8.4
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.3
8.5
8.3
8.3
8.5
8.4
8.4
8.6
8.4
8.4
8.5
8.3
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.0
8.3
8.2
8.3
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.6
8.6
8.7
7.4
7.3
8.2
7.7
7.6
8.6
7.9
7.4
8.0
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.9
8.2
8.3
Sampling
Date
12/20/2011
12/20/2011
12/20/2011
1/11/2012
1/11/2012
1/11/2012
1/25/2012
1/25/2012
1/25/2012
2/8/2012
2/8/2012
2/8/2012
2/27/2012
2/27/2012
2/27/2012
3/12/2012
3/12/2012
3/12/2012
3/28/2012
3/28/2012
3/28/2012
4/9/2012
4/9/2012
4/9/2012
4/23/2012
4/23/2012
4/23/2012
1
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
0.067
0.038
0.017
0.042
0.019
0.012
0.053
0.034
0.007
0.082
0.068
0.016
0.056
0.033
0.015
0.059
0.087
0.182
0.028
0.018
0.181
0.110
0.030
0.011
0.031
0.024
0.010
0.054
0.024
0.011
0.042
0.008
0.005
0.027
0.007
0.002
0.051
0.038
0.007
0.037
0.015
0.010
0.036
0.066
0.009
0.013
0.009
0.013
0.057
0.014
0.009
0.017
0.011
0.004
0.013
0.014
0.006
0.000
0.011
0.007
0.026
0.027
0.005
0.031
0.030
0.009
0.019
0.018
0.005
0.023
0.021
0.173
0.015
0.009
0.168
0.053
0.016
0.002
0.014
0.013
0.006
0.048
0.013
0.048
0.030
0.003
0.002
0.029
0.014
0.002
0.052
0.035
0.003
0.034
0.007
0.003
0.039
0.067
0.006
0.013
0.010
0.006
0.054
0.009
0.005
0.0170
0.0092
0.0039
0.007
0.011
nd
0.012
0.005
0.003
nd
nd
0.000
nd
0.003
0.004
0.003
0.009
0.007
nd
nd
0.003
0.000
nd
0.008
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.000
0.002
0.000
3.4
3.8
3.4
5.8
3.6
3.2
6.9
6.4
5.7
10.0
10.0
5.8
8.0
6.1
2.3
7.7
6.8
9.3
4.5
4.4
36.2
19.1
4.8
3.5
6.2
9.0
5.2
60.4
58.9
52.1
78.2
71.0
66.5
58.2
58.3
59.3
57.5
58.3
62.7
66.5
73.3
62.4
94.0
78.4
76.6
88.1
98.4
56.4
52.5
74.7
38.9
52.8
44.7
40.9
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
85
pH
8.1
8.4
8.5
8.1
8.2
8.1
7.9
8.2
8.2
7.7
7.7
7.7
8.0
8.2
8.0
7.5
7.7
7.6
7.8
8.3
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.7
8.4
8.4
Table A6. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected
from Farm 2501 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.069
0.057
0.045
0.033
0.058
0.035
0.045
0.050
0.029
0.200
0.073
0.041
0.254
0.129
0.038
0.261
0.135
0.073
0.120
0.068
0.081
0.264
0.112
0.091
0.048
0.040
0.034
0.092
0.073
0.031
0.067
0.035
0.021
0.067
0.034
0.011
0.064
0.055
0.020
0.047
0.013
0.014
0.032
0.015
0.013
0.040
0.026
0.026
0.077
0.035
0.017
nd
nd
nd
0.049
0.025
0.017
0.018
0.017
0.007
0.035
0.018
0.012
0.200
0.036
0.005
0.235
0.094
0.012
0.238
0.109
0.058
0.073
0.058
0.036
0.044
0.022
0.013
0.027
0.019
0.021
0.062
0.045
0.013
0.047
0.023
0.013
0.048
0.033
nd
0.048
0.033
0.011
0.033
0.007
0.004
0.024
0.004
0.013
0.021
0.014
0.010
0.043
0.013
0.011
nd
nd
nd
0.020
0.032
0.028
0.015
0.041
0.028
0.010
0.032
0.017
0.000
0.037
0.036
0.019
0.035
0.026
0.023
0.026
0.015
0.047
0.010
0.045
0.220
0.090
0.078
0.021
0.021
0.013
0.030
0.028
0.018
0.020
0.012
0.008
0.019
0.001
nd
0.016
0.022
0.009
0.014
0.006
0.011
0.008
0.012
0.000
0.019
0.012
0.016
0.034
0.022
0.006
0.035
0.009
0.009
0.042
0.015
0.013
0.019
0.018
0.006
0.022
0.007
0.005
0.167
0.015
0.003
0.225
0.084
0.007
0.084
0.094
0.049
0.070
0.044
0.030
0.042
0.015
0.006
0.015
0.012
0.013
0.056
0.039
0.009
0.046
0.017
0.004
0.040
0.013
0.004
0.040
0.024
0.005
0.026
0.004
0.001
0.011
0.003
0.002
0.010
0.005
0.004
0.043
0.006
0.006
nd
nd
nd
0.007
0.010
0.004
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.013
0.011
0.007
0.033
0.021
0.002
0.010
0.010
0.005
0.154
0.015
0.009
0.003
0.014
0.006
0.002
0.007
0.007
0.012
0.008
0.008
0.007
0.006
0.004
0.001
0.006
0.009
0.009
0.020
nd
0.008
0.009
0.007
0.007
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.000
0.011
0.011
0.009
0.007
0.000
0.008
0.005
3.7
4.0
2.8
14.1
5.5
6.4
8.2
7.0
4.0
4.8
8.6
3.6
6.0
8.8
16.0
4.4
7.2
7.2
5.4
13.0
7.2
13.6
137.8
9.4
36.0
7.8
1.4
11.3
8.0
8.0
13.2
9.9
9.5
6.9
2.9
4.3
3.1
3.1
5.7
7.0
8.6
6.7
10.3
13.7
13.0
9.7
2.1
0.7
3.9
5.9
5.3
7.0
10.0
12.3
58.3
56.2
55.0
32.4
32.9
33.8
31.6
31.4
32.4
60.2
55.3
47.0
70.7
59.6
50.9
77.5
71.3
55.0
69.8
65.0
63.7
34.5
36.2
49.4
35.7
34.7
32.5
41.1
41.4
42.4
40.5
66.9
62.2
38.3
36.4
28.8
53.3
50.3
43.9
52.0
55.5
56.4
54.4
50.3
40.9
50.2
50.9
40.8
77.9
73.4
71.0
52.4
51.7
75.6
86
pH
nd
nd
nd
8.5
8.6
8.5
8.3
8.1
8.5
8.2
8.4
8.2
8.0
8.6
8.5
8.1
8.8
8.6
8.1
8.8
8.7
8.3
8.9
8.7
8.4
8.6
8.8
7.1
8.2
8.0
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.6
8.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.2
8.5
8.3
8.1
8.1
8.4
8.7
8.4
8.6
7.7
7.7
7.8
8.0
8.3
8.4
Sampling
Date
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
12/20/2011
A
0.074
0.057
0.017
0.000
0.057
5.5
59.8
12/20/2011
B
0.042
0.028
0.014
0.016
0.012
6.8
54.9
12/20/2011
C
0.021
0.018
0.003
0.004
0.015
4.8
54.8
1/11/2012
A
0.023
0.015
0.008
0.006
0.009
4.7
63.4
1/11/2012
B
0.032
0.017
0.015
0.011
0.006
4.2
62.5
1/11/2012
C
0.049
0.031
0.018
0.027
0.004
3.3
74.3
1/25/2012
A
0.073
0.040
0.033
0.036
0.004
7.3
54.9
1/25/2012
B
0.045
0.019
0.026
0.018
0.001
5.3
51.8
1/25/2012
C
0.020
0.006
0.014
0.005
0.001
4.6
53.7
2/8/2012
A
0.091
0.057
0.034
0.057
0.000
7.8
65.3
2/8/2012
B
0.073
0.045
0.028
0.045
0.000
8.0
57.2
2/8/2012
C
0.028
0.016
0.012
0.011
0.006
7.1
57.0
2/27/2012
A
0.064
0.043
0.021
0.038
0.005
6.0
52.4
2/27/2012
B
0.032
0.020
0.012
0.007
0.013
4.9
66.2
2/27/2012
C
0.026
0.015
0.011
0.004
0.011
4.8
58.1
3/12/2012
A
0.078
0.053
0.025
0.049
0.004
8.5
75.3
3/12/2012
B
0.076
0.057
0.019
0.052
0.005
7.7
79.5
3/12/2012
C
0.046
0.031
0.015
0.025
0.006
6.2
71.1
3/28/2012
A
0.084
0.044
0.040
0.047
5.7
53.7
3/28/2012
B
0.029
0.021
0.008
0.011
0.010
4.3
51.4
3/28/2012
C
0.021
0.008
0.013
0.004
0.004
4.8
64.5
4/9/2012
A
0.087
0.052
0.035
0.051
0.001
9.8
53.5
4/9/2012
B
0.043
0.023
0.020
0.021
0.002
5.5
52.3
4/9/2012
C
0.018
0.008
0.010
0.003
0.005
4.1
49.7
4/23/2012
A
0.076
0.049
0.027
0.0423
0.007
8.6
64.7
4/23/2012
B
0.027
0.014
0.013
0.0063
0.008
5.6
46.2
4/23/2012
C
0.014
0.009
0.005
0.0023
0.007
4.5
39.3
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
87
pH
8.1
8.6
8.5
8.1
8.1
8.5
8.0
8.3
8.4
7.7
7.8
8.0
7.9
8.4
8.3
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.9
8.3
8.5
7.8
8.1
8.6
8.0
8.2
8.6
Table A7. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected
from Farm 1813 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/19/2011
1/19/2011
1/19/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/10/2011
2/10/2011
2/10/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/23/2011
6/23/2011
6/23/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.070
0.065
0.047
0.039
0.063
0.043
0.068
0.064
0.067
0.108
0.106
0.141
0.154
0.126
0.082
0.132
0.113
0.091
0.101
0.109
0.088
0.060
0.073
0.057
0.076
0.072
0.114
0.040
0.044
0.034
0.042
0.044
0.040
0.069
0.095
0.048
0.046
0.042
0.045
0.048
0.041
0.028
0.075
0.085
0.079
0.048
0.040
0.041
0.081
0.086
0.069
nd
nd
nd
0.049
0.033
0.016
0.017
0.015
0.020
0.060
0.040
0.016
0.060
0.040
0.073
0.118
0.041
0.082
0.066
0.061
0.033
0.071
0.041
0.071
0.018
0.017
0.021
0.021
0.016
0.051
0.013
0.013
0.016
0.019
0.017
0.017
0.029
0.035
0.013
0.013
0.011
0.014
0.017
0.015
0.010
0.056
0.055
0.046
0.017
nd
0.017
0.033
0.035
0.027
nd
nd
nd
0.021
0.032
0.031
0.022
0.048
0.023
0.008
0.024
0.051
0.048
0.066
0.068
0.036
0.085
0.000
0.066
0.052
0.058
0.030
0.068
0.017
0.042
0.056
0.036
0.055
0.056
0.063
0.027
0.031
0.018
0.023
0.027
0.023
0.040
0.060
0.035
0.033
0.031
0.031
0.031
0.026
0.018
0.019
0.030
0.033
0.031
nd
0.024
0.048
0.051
0.042
0.021
0.016
0.016
0.043
0.028
0.010
0.006
0.007
0.015
0.031
0.016
0.009
0.055
0.032
0.061
0.104
0.048
0.017
nd
0.048
0.017
0.048
nd
0.009
nd
0.005
0.004
0.021
0.004
0.036
0.009
0.005
0.003
nd
nd
0.005
0.021
0.053
0.005
0.003
0.052
0.006
0.006
0.014
0.001
0.013
0.016
0.009
0.005
0.007
0.005
0.024
0.021
0.009
nd
nd
nd
0.006
0.005
0.006
0.011
0.008
0.005
0.030
0.024
0.007
0.006
0.008
0.012
0.014
0.000
0.065
nd
0.013
0.016
0.023
nd
0.062
nd
0.012
0.018
0.000
0.012
0.015
0.004
0.008
0.013
nd
nd
0.012
0.008
0.008
0.010
0.009
0.011
0.002
0.009
0.043
0.039
0.037
0.012
nd
0.012
0.009
0.014
0.018
6.0
6.6
4.3
16.8
13.3
9.3
15.0
16.0
13.6
4.4
5.0
9.6
5.8
10.4
11.0
3.4
9.8
7.8
7.0
5.0
12.4
6.4
14.0
18.2
9.6
17.8
7.2
24.8
22.2
22.0
9.2
10.6
9.3
6.3
8.0
5.0
7.7
9.7
3.6
6.2
8.0
6.8
7.7
10.7
4.9
7.2
7.3
3.9
11.2
19.9
17.5
11.9
6.5
12.0
82.8
80.9
85.3
33.8
42.8
61.5
77.2
74.8
75.6
90.6
87.0
84.8
86.3
81.2
79.2
82.5
87.4
87.6
83.8
80.6
81.8
59.6
62.1
68.2
44.8
44.5
53.9
52.3
53.2
57.4
77.1
75.2
67.9
39.4
40.0
43.9
57.0
54.9
56.3
59.5
57.5
70.8
54.2
55.3
59.3
54.7
54.9
57.3
86.9
88.2
96.6
98.5
101.5
111.8
88
pH
nd
nd
nd
8.1
8.1
8.3
7.9
8.2
7.8
7.8
7.9
8.1
8.0
8.3
8.2
8.0
8.3
8.3
8.6
8.6
8.7
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.5
8.6
8.6
8.1
8.0
8.0
8.4
8.4
8.4
8.7
8.7
8.5
7.9
8.3
8.3
8.8
8.8
8.5
8.6
8.5
8.5
8.2
8.2
8.3
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.2
8.3
Sampling
Date
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
12/20/2011
A
0.111
0.060
0.051
0.063
10.5
98.5
12/20/2011
B
0.147
0.068
0.079
0.055
0.013
13.3
115.3
12/20/2011
C
0.154
0.091
0.063
0.080
0.011
18.2
118.5
1/11/2012
A
0.060
0.012
0.048
0.011
0.001
32.6
110.2
1/11/2012
B
0.089
0.014
0.075
0.012
0.003
29.0
114.7
1/11/2012
C
0.079
0.019
0.060
0.009
0.010
5.1
128.0
1/25/2012
A
0.068
0.021
0.047
0.033
7.1
56.5
1/25/2012
B
0.068
0.027
0.041
0.033
3.1
55.8
1/25/2012
C
0.067
0.010
0.057
0.009
0.001
8.2
76.8
2/8/2012
A
0.069
0.038
0.031
0.036
0.002
8.0
84.0
2/8/2012
B
0.073
0.044
0.029
0.041
0.003
9.6
62.0
2/8/2012
C
0.068
0.021
0.047
0.012
0.009
19.3
60.8
2/27/2012
A
0.052
0.024
0.028
0.019
0.005
7.1
69.3
2/27/2012
B
0.043
0.015
0.028
0.005
0.010
5.7
74.7
2/27/2012
C
0.038
0.016
0.022
0.003
0.014
6.8
72.6
3/12/2012
A
0.242
0.013
0.229
0.004
0.009
4.5
66.9
3/12/2012
B
0.058
0.015
0.043
0.005
0.010
4.0
67.6
3/12/2012
C
0.039
0.014
0.025
0.003
0.011
4.9
69.8
3/28/2012
A
0.081
0.035
0.046
0.033
0.002
9.8
53.8
3/28/2012
B
0.071
0.031
0.040
0.031
0.000
9.5
55.2
3/28/2012
C
0.051
0.014
0.037
0.004
0.010
7.1
81.7
4/9/2012
A
0.113
0.052
0.061
0.054
16.1
52.2
4/9/2012
B
0.101
0.044
0.057
0.047
14.2
52.4
4/9/2012
C
0.056
0.019
0.037
0.012
0.007
10.7
56.9
4/23/2012
A
0.064
0.021
0.043
0.0187
0.002
11.8
46.8
4/23/2012
B
0.059
0.019
0.040
0.0141
0.005
9.5
46.7
4/23/2012
C
0.044
0.014
0.030
0.0033
0.011
8.1
51.4
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
89
pH
7.5
7.8
7.6
8.0
8.0
8.2
7.9
7.9
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.9
8.2
8.4
8.3
8.7
8.5
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.3
8.0
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.3
Table A8. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected
from Farm 6117 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/19/2011
1/19/2011
1/19/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/10/2011
2/10/2011
2/10/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
8/18/2011
8/18/2011
8/18/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.078
0.075
0.124
0.258
0.235
0.193
0.120
0.113
0.084
0.092
0.117
0.078
0.088
0.092
0.088
0.097
0.213
0.134
0.161
0.082
0.127
0.095
0.094
0.074
0.084
0.090
0.085
0.081
0.117
0.074
0.072
0.065
0.073
0.098
0.054
0.054
0.073
0.095
0.058
0.076
0.061
0.101
0.081
0.083
0.066
0.107
0.100
0.087
0.096
0.074
0.090
nd
nd
nd
0.046
0.032
0.100
0.160
0.156
0.138
0.081
0.064
0.037
0.081
0.064
0.037
0.061
0.047
0.023
0.052
0.046
0.022
0.060
0.055
0.055
0.056
0.052
0.027
0.035
0.026
0.028
0.056
0.071
0.025
0.048
0.033
0.023
nd
0.028
0.014
0.022
0.032
0.018
0.025
0.020
0.024
0.074
0.072
0.059
0.026
0.022
0.024
0.073
0.037
0.040
nd
nd
nd
0.032
0.043
0.024
0.098
0.079
0.055
0.039
0.049
0.047
0.011
0.053
0.041
0.027
0.045
0.065
0.045
0.167
0.112
0.101
0.027
0.072
0.039
0.042
0.047
0.049
0.064
0.057
0.025
0.046
0.049
0.024
0.032
0.050
nd
0.026
0.040
0.051
0.063
0.040
0.051
0.041
0.077
0.007
0.011
0.007
0.081
0.078
0.063
0.023
0.037
0.050
0.060
0.034
0.016
0.037
0.034
0.047
0.076
0.106
0.120
nd
nd
0.035
0.051
nd
0.014
0.051
nd
0.014
0.045
0.041
0.009
0.039
0.033
0.010
0.046
0.037
0.012
0.024
0.012
0.013
0.043
0.050
0.005
0.036
0.020
0.005
0.026
0.018
0.005
0.006
0.015
0.005
0.009
0.004
0.004
nd
nd
nd
0.007
0.008
0.006
0.062
0.024
0.012
nd
nd
nd
0.009
0.000
0.053
0.085
0.050
0.018
nd
nd
0.002
0.030
nd
0.024
0.010
nd
0.010
0.007
0.005
0.013
0.021
0.022
0.045
0.010
0.016
0.015
0.011
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.021
0.020
0.012
0.013
0.018
nd
0.010
0.009
0.016
0.017
0.014
0.016
0.016
0.020
nd
nd
nd
0.019
0.014
0.018
0.011
0.013
0.028
0.5
7.4
6.9
10.8
9.9
5.2
12.6
11.8
18.4
4.4
15.6
4.0
9.8
10.2
4.8
7.6
10.2
12.0
11.6
12.4
36.4
6.6
9.2
44.4
6.2
2.2
15.4
19.2
20.4
10.4
8.5
7.7
8.2
7.9
10.6
21.9
7.2
5.7
12.4
12.3
15.1
11.3
13.2
12.0
23.4
8.7
13.7
10.7
7.1
16.3
16.3
9.8
11.5
14.8
73.7
70.6
78.4
78.8
79.9
76.7
83.7
90.1
114.9
71.0
71.2
83.5
71.2
73.2
77.0
73.5
73.9
77.4
67.4
71.2
73.0
59.2
62.0
66.6
38.6
35.2
33.7
51.9
49.5
46.4
62.5
62.5
63.5
39.2
36.8
50.6
55.1
58.0
64.7
77.3
70.9
71.2
82.5
82.2
83.2
67.5
65.9
58.7
102.5
96.1
96.1
99.2
99.0
110.8
90
pH
nd
nd
nd
8.0
8.2
8.0
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.6
8.1
8.0
7.9
8.3
7.6
7.8
8.1
7.7
7.7
8.2
7.4
7.6
8.0
7.9
7.9
8.2
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.5
7.8
8.2
8.3
8.7
8.8
8.7
8.4
7.5
8.0
7.9
8.2
8.2
7.8
8.0
8.3
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.6
8.0
8.3
Sampling
Date
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
12/20/2011
A
0.110
0.077
0.033
0.064
0.013
6.4
95.8
12/20/2011
B
0.108
0.081
0.027
0.072
0.009
8.5
96.3
12/20/2011
C
0.084
0.031
0.053
0.010
0.022
13.3
96.0
1/11/2012
A
0.133
0.089
0.044
0.093
9.3
101.6
1/11/2012
B
0.104
0.065
0.039
0.068
25.8
102.1
1/11/2012
C
0.092
0.028
0.064
0.016
0.012
25.5
102.8
1/25/2012
A
0.066
0.039
0.027
0.042
5.2
54.2
1/25/2012
B
0.066
0.033
0.033
0.038
4.5
54.0
1/25/2012
C
0.053
0.029
0.024
0.023
0.006
8.3
56.4
2/8/2012
A
0.163
0.138
0.025
0.124
0.014
7.2
83.7
2/8/2012
B
0.129
0.116
0.013
0.094
0.022
9.4
81.2
2/8/2012
C
0.087
0.028
0.059
0.007
0.021
16.6
84.5
2/27/2012
A
0.055
0.038
0.017
0.030
0.008
6.6
74.4
2/27/2012
B
0.056
0.034
0.022
0.026
0.008
7.2
77.2
2/27/2012
C
0.045
0.023
0.022
0.012
0.011
14.2
79.5
3/12/2012
A
0.091
0.031
0.060
0.019
0.012
13.8
72.0
3/12/2012
B
0.075
0.033
0.042
0.021
0.012
32.2
70.8
3/12/2012
C
0.090
0.035
0.055
0.022
0.013
27.7
75.0
3/28/2012
A
0.069
0.041
0.028
0.042
4.6
54.9
3/28/2012
B
0.068
0.041
0.027
0.040
0.001
4.5
53.6
3/28/2012
C
0.069
0.036
0.033
0.036
0.000
18.3
53.7
4/9/2012
A
0.060
0.032
0.028
0.030
0.002
54.1
4/9/2012
B
0.061
0.036
0.025
0.033
0.003
8.0
57.8
4/9/2012
C
0.067
0.028
0.039
0.025
0.003
14.8
55.4
4/23/2012
A
0.039
0.016
0.023
0.0107
0.005
6.0
57.9
4/23/2012
B
0.038
0.014
0.024
0.0108
0.003
8.7
53.5
4/23/2012
C
0.054
0.022
0.032
0.0171
0.005
10.6
53.7
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
91
pH
7.5
7.7
8.1
7.5
7.7
8.0
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.4
7.6
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.7
7.9
Table A9. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected
from Farm 3102 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.036
0.063
0.047
0.025
0.034
0.025
0.128
0.116
0.053
0.110
0.216
0.118
0.097
0.099
0.106
0.055
0.122
0.090
0.050
0.058
0.092
0.297
0.340
0.341
0.127
0.141
0.115
0.058
0.053
0.057
0.028
0.041
0.044
0.066
0.060
0.065
0.030
0.035
0.039
0.245
0.049
0.043
0.157
0.123
0.130
0.319
0.163
0.199
0.088
0.083
0.075
nd
nd
nd
0.030
0.055
0.047
0.018
0.015
0.016
0.027
0.059
0.042
0.097
0.214
0.099
0.087
0.080
0.087
0.046
0.099
0.059
0.043
0.046
0.088
0.055
0.059
0.096
0.107
0.120
0.092
0.045
0.041
0.040
0.023
0.021
0.025
0.060
0.054
nd
0.019
0.022
0.027
0.029
0.024
0.029
0.132
0.093
0.105
0.291
0.141
0.168
0.080
0.073
0.064
nd
nd
nd
0.006
0.008
0.000
0.007
0.019
0.009
0.101
0.057
0.011
0.013
0.002
0.019
0.010
0.019
0.019
0.009
0.023
0.031
0.007
0.012
0.004
0.242
0.281
0.245
0.020
0.021
0.023
0.013
0.012
0.017
0.005
0.020
0.019
0.006
0.006
nd
0.011
0.013
0.012
0.216
0.025
0.014
0.025
0.030
0.025
0.028
0.022
0.031
0.008
0.010
0.011
0.060
0.038
0.040
0.023
0.043
0.041
0.024
0.013
0.015
nd
0.036
0.031
0.087
0.194
0.085
0.077
0.079
0.086
nd
0.087
0.054
0.029
0.043
0.053
0.044
0.053
0.080
nd
0.121
0.030
nd
0.030
0.028
0.017
nd
0.014
0.048
0.034
0.045
0.011
0.038
0.013
0.015
0.014
0.008
0.107
0.017
0.075
0.269
0.131
0.149
0.079
0.072
0.063
nd
nd
nd
0.007
0.012
0.006
0.000
0.002
0.001
nd
0.023
0.011
0.010
0.021
0.014
0.011
0.001
0.001
nd
0.012
0.005
0.014
0.003
0.035
0.011
0.006
0.016
nd
0.000
0.062
nd
0.011
0.012
0.006
nd
0.011
0.013
0.020
nd
0.008
nd
0.014
0.014
0.010
0.021
0.025
0.077
0.030
0.022
0.010
0.019
0.001
0.001
0.002
1.9
5.4
2.9
8.5
10.8
11.5
0.5
0.5
1.2
4.0
3.8
5.8
2.4
10.6
18.0
2.8
2.4
4.8
2.4
9.0
19.8
2.4
4.2
7.2
3.6
4.2
6.0
7.4
8.6
14.0
8.2
9.4
10.6
5.4
4.9
4.0
2.3
3.7
8.6
10.3
5.7
4.0
110.3
3.7
9.7
4.3
3.7
1.7
3.6
4.7
4.3
9.2
6.7
24.3
68.0
57.5
58.3
78.6
83.0
82.1
40.1
38.9
40.4
72.9
71.1
74.0
69.5
76.0
74.8
70.7
70.5
73.7
66.1
74.4
73.2
35.5
37.3
38.8
41.9
40.5
48.2
48.6
43.3
51.1
41.3
41.5
42.8
40.6
39.0
38.2
57.2
56.4
54.1
53.3
52.6
53.4
58.8
54.6
55.7
95.5
101.3
100.9
113.4
132.6
106.5
118.9
116.2
113.2
92
pH
nd
nd
nd
8.1
8.4
8.4
8.1
8.2
8.1
7.6
8.4
8.1
7.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.1
7.8
8.2
8.2
8.0
8.1
8.0
7.7
8.2
8.0
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.4
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.4
7.8
7.6
7.2
7.6
7.7
7.2
7.5
7.5
6.9
7.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
Sampling
Date
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
12/20/2011
A
0.137
0.116
0.021
0.115
0.001
5.6
121.1
12/20/2011
B
0.041
0.030
0.011
0.027
0.003
3.4
122.9
12/20/2011
C
0.069
0.056
0.013
0.058
4.8
117.4
1/11/2012
A
0.081
0.085
nd
0.065
0.020
4.2
104.4
1/11/2012
B
0.049
0.033
0.016
0.032
0.001
6.0
114.2
1/11/2012
C
0.066
0.045
0.021
0.047
6.0
115.0
1/25/2012
A
0.103
0.092
0.011
0.075
0.017
5.1
99.6
1/25/2012
B
0.036
0.031
0.005
0.017
0.014
7.8
100.4
1/25/2012
C
0.052
0.029
0.023
0.030
9.5
122.1
2/8/2012
A
0.124
0.088
0.036
0.080
0.008
8.4
79.3
2/8/2012
B
0.056
0.041
0.015
0.017
0.024
3.8
81.2
2/8/2012
C
0.075
0.047
0.028
0.045
0.002
17.0
110.5
2/27/2012
A
0.142
0.106
0.036
0.087
0.019
6.0
113.7
2/27/2012
B
0.128
0.047
0.081
0.027
0.020
48.0
86.1
2/27/2012
C
0.049
0.041
0.008
0.025
0.016
4.9
87.2
3/12/2012
A
0.131
0.084
0.047
0.063
0.021
27.4
102.6
3/12/2012
B
0.181
0.023
0.158
0.008
0.015
27.0
84.1
3/12/2012
C
0.111
0.070
0.041
0.051
0.019
26.3
105.4
3/28/2012
A
0.065
0.046
0.019
0.045
0.001
3.4
56.9
3/28/2012
B
0.070
0.048
0.022
0.048
0.000
8.9
55.4
3/28/2012
C
0.055
0.036
0.019
0.036
0.000
3.1
57.0
4/9/2012
A
0.074
0.051
0.023
0.042
0.009
9.4
56.6
4/9/2012
B
0.030
0.021
0.009
0.013
0.008
5.6
68.4
4/9/2012
C
0.080
0.050
0.030
0.036
0.014
16.6
65.2
4/23/2012
A
0.172
0.159
0.013
0.1510
0.008
9.2
89.5
4/23/2012
B
0.249
0.222
0.027
0.2145
0.008
9.4
88.6
4/23/2012
C
0.189
0.176
0.013
0.1688
0.007
5.1
91.6
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
93
pH
7.6
7.7
8.0
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.9
7.4
7.2
7.7
7.8
7.4
7.4
7.8
7.1
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.1
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.7
Table A10. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected
from Farm 3103 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.051
0.034
0.024
0.072
0.049
0.042
0.073
0.075
0.044
0.090
0.076
0.081
0.108
0.083
0.066
0.047
0.044
0.042
0.067
0.047
0.044
0.071
0.067
0.052
0.163
0.170
0.080
0.079
0.077
0.057
0.042
0.039
0.042
0.058
0.073
0.070
0.057
0.078
0.074
0.045
0.075
0.059
0.125
0.143
0.126
0.098
0.072
0.125
0.078
0.062
0.075
nd
nd
nd
0.038
0.016
0.014
0.058
0.023
0.019
nd
0.061
0.036
0.076
0.063
0.041
0.076
0.063
0.041
0.010
0.010
0.015
0.020
0.020
0.040
0.049
0.039
0.028
0.135
0.130
0.040
0.018
0.019
0.019
0.020
0.018
0.021
0.028
0.051
0.062
0.016
0.059
0.043
0.018
0.025
0.015
0.036
0.041
0.030
0.066
0.050
0.098
0.041
0.037
0.029
nd
nd
nd
0.013
0.018
0.010
0.014
0.026
0.023
nd
0.014
0.008
0.014
0.013
0.040
0.032
0.020
0.025
0.037
0.034
0.027
0.047
0.027
0.004
0.022
0.028
0.024
0.028
0.040
0.040
0.061
0.058
0.038
0.022
0.021
0.021
0.030
0.022
0.008
0.041
0.019
0.031
0.027
0.050
0.044
0.089
0.102
0.096
0.032
0.022
0.027
0.037
0.025
0.046
0.042
0.018
0.016
0.038
0.015
0.014
0.028
0.018
0.013
0.011
0.027
0.015
0.010
0.047
nd
0.052
0.061
0.037
0.010
0.009
0.011
0.015
0.012
0.014
0.038
0.018
0.008
0.096
0.053
nd
0.012
0.012
0.010
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.013
0.036
0.049
0.007
0.015
0.023
0.007
0.014
0.009
0.013
0.016
0.014
0.049
0.042
0.088
0.034
0.030
0.026
nd
nd
nd
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.031
0.006
0.006
nd
0.035
0.021
0.066
0.016
nd
0.024
0.002
0.004
0.000
0.001
0.004
0.005
0.008
0.026
0.011
0.021
0.021
0.039
0.078
nd
0.006
0.007
0.009
0.012
0.010
0.013
0.015
0.015
0.013
0.009
0.044
0.020
0.011
0.011
0.006
0.023
0.025
0.016
0.017
0.008
0.010
0.007
0.007
0.003
2.6
2.8
4.6
4.3
4.7
5.8
1.6
2.0
1.0
2.8
2.8
3.2
7.6
4.8
2.4
7.6
4.8
2.4
21.0
8.2
5.4
18.2
7.4
4.0
13.8
6.6
2.0
7.4
6.2
4.8
13.5
12.3
9.6
9.3
6.4
4.2
7.0
3.1
3.3
1.9
3.0
3.4
10.3
11.1
4.1
14.0
0.4
7.6
3.2
3.1
5.2
6.5
6.5
5.8
87.9
84.3
88.0
61.4
55.7
72.1
61.6
62.5
62.4
63.8
70.3
72.8
70.7
82.0
87.1
71.9
72.0
72.3
65.2
65.5
67.1
61.0
63.0
65.2
61.4
64.2
59.6
78.9
72.2
74.6
61.9
62.9
65.6
39.6
38.2
39.1
54.1
56.6
56.2
66.9
72.3
70.2
111.4
118.4
135.0
129.3
144.5
135.4
108.0
108.7
111.8
122.6
124.2
109.4
94
pH
nd
nd
nd
7.7
8.1
8.2
7.8
8.1
8.2
7.7
8.1
8.3
7.6
7.8
7.8
8.1
8.1
8.1
7.9
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.3
8.2
7.7
8.0
8.2
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.7
8.0
8.1
7.9
8.1
8.2
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.3
8.0
8.1
7.8
Sampling
Date
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
12/20/2011
A
0.131
0.118
0.013
0.111
0.007
6.8
116.1
12/20/2011
B
0.143
0.120
0.023
0.110
0.010
3.2
114.6
12/20/2011
C
0.046
0.038
0.008
0.032
0.006
3.4
115.4
1/11/2012
A
0.056
0.046
0.010
0.036
0.010
2.2
117.8
1/11/2012
B
0.042
0.034
0.008
0.032
0.003
3.8
117.7
1/11/2012
C
0.042
0.025
0.017
0.024
0.002
4.2
115.8
1/25/2012
A
0.078
0.054
0.024
0.042
0.013
8.0
116.2
1/25/2012
B
0.046
0.037
0.009
0.030
0.007
8.2
120.0
1/25/2012
C
0.031
0.024
0.007
0.019
0.005
4.3
117.9
2/8/2012
A
0.137
0.107
0.030
0.096
0.011
24.0
120.0
2/8/2012
B
0.093
0.071
0.022
0.060
0.011
7.8
117.4
2/8/2012
C
0.045
0.033
0.012
0.024
0.009
10.0
117.1
2/27/2012
A
0.062
0.049
0.013
0.035
0.014
3.5
113.3
2/27/2012
B
0.051
0.040
0.011
0.026
0.014
4.0
116.2
2/27/2012
C
0.048
0.024
0.024
0.012
0.012
11.7
124.4
3/12/2012
A
0.134
0.054
0.080
0.030
0.024
22.4
118.5
3/12/2012
B
0.050
0.042
0.008
0.014
0.029
9.3
114.4
3/12/2012
C
0.052
0.038
0.014
0.016
0.022
7.0
122.1
3/28/2012
A
0.073
0.037
0.036
0.019
0.018
4.1
113.4
3/28/2012
B
0.087
0.049
0.038
0.027
0.023
4.8
123.6
3/28/2012
C
0.069
0.043
0.026
0.018
0.025
4.8
140.8
4/9/2012
A
0.054
0.057
nd
0.013
0.044
9.8
93.4
4/9/2012
B
0.044
0.022
0.022
0.008
0.014
5.3
78.6
4/9/2012
C
0.040
0.016
0.024
0.004
0.012
9.6
62.6
4/23/2012
A
0.220
0.183
0.037
0.1872
4.8
109.6
4/23/2012
B
0.348
0.322
0.026
0.3183
0.004
6.5
106.4
4/23/2012
C
0.184
0.173
0.011
0.1631
0.010
4.3
109.2
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
95
pH
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.4
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.5
7.5
7.5
Table A11. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected
from Farm 4701 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
C
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.045
0.036
0.040
0.081
0.069
0.111
0.035
0.030
0.031
0.024
0.018
0.028
0.032
0.040
0.027
0.033
0.039
0.025
0.045
0.044
0.051
0.149
0.131
0.132
0.018
0.020
0.021
0.038
0.040
0.043
0.040
0.035
0.026
0.032
0.024
0.023
0.038
0.027
0.031
0.023
0.029
0.031
0.028
0.075
0.080
0.031
0.030
0.025
0.041
0.040
0.045
nd
nd
nd
0.012
0.013
0.011
0.017
0.031
0.029
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.005
0.009
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.033
0.026
0.027
0.012
0.013
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.015
0.013
0.017
0.016
0.023
0.017
0.011
0.018
0.016
0.015
0.023
0.011
0.010
0.016
0.016
0.011
0.060
0.089
0.090
0.011
0.008
0.011
0.033
0.034
0.030
nd
nd
nd
0.033
0.023
0.029
0.064
0.038
0.082
0.030
0.025
0.026
0.019
0.013
0.023
0.026
0.035
0.018
0.027
0.034
0.020
0.012
0.018
0.024
0.137
0.118
0.120
0.007
0.009
0.006
0.025
0.023
0.027
0.017
0.018
0.015
0.014
0.008
0.008
0.015
0.016
0.021
0.007
0.013
0.020
0.028
0.075
0.080
0.020
0.022
0.014
0.008
0.006
0.015
0.015
0.008
0.011
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.004
0.007
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.010
0.002
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.004
nd
0.005
0.011
0.006
0.005
0.008
0.008
0.005
0.006
0.010
0.010
0.006
0.005
0.002
0.004
0.004
0.003
0.008
0.008
0.010
0.031
0.031
0.026
nd
nd
nd
0.003
0.005
0.004
0.016
0.029
0.026
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.027
0.020
0.018
0.010
0.010
0.009
0.008
0.008
0.002
0.009
nd
0.011
0.012
0.011
0.007
0.010
0.008
0.010
0.017
0.001
0.010
0.011
0.009
0.056
0.085
0.087
0.003
0.000
0.002
0.002
0.003
0.005
9.5
5.3
6.4
9.8
7.1
5.6
4.4
1.0
1.8
6.4
4.4
6.0
11.6
9.6
9.8
6.6
8.0
7.0
11.8
11.0
8.4
11.0
8.6
9.6
6.2
5.6
13.0
5.0
3.8
3.2
10.7
8.7
19.3
5.4
4.1
5.7
2.5
10.8
1.7
4.1
5.3
6.3
6.7
8.7
9.0
4.6
12.0
1.0
4.6
4.0
4.2
5.7
9.5
7.5
46.5
56.2
52.1
50.3
51.7
45.3
36.8
38.0
40.6
68.7
53.8
59.2
65.3
55.1
57.8
73.5
59.4
63.9
68.4
57.7
60.7
58.2
55.2
56.4
37.5
38.6
45.7
37.9
41.9
43.4
46.8
46.6
47.1
36.1
38.6
40.6
56.2
56.4
59.4
50.5
52.9
53.6
49.8
51.0
51.3
51.9
50.4
54.7
78.6
84.5
86.4
103.0
104.3
106.5
96
pH
nd
nd
nd
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.7
8.5
8.3
7.6
7.7
7.6
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.1
8.1
8.1
7.7
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.8
8.1
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.7
7.6
8.3
8.1
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.0
7.9
8.2
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.0
8.1
Sampling
Date
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
12/20/2011
A
0.022
0.015
0.007
0.007
0.008
1.0
92.3
12/20/2011
B
0.045
0.019
0.026
0.007
0.012
10.5
98.7
12/20/2011
C
0.058
0.020
0.038
0.009
0.011
9.8
103.0
1/11/2012
A
0.019
0.014
0.005
0.006
0.008
3.8
97.4
1/11/2012
B
0.030
0.019
0.011
0.007
0.012
5.8
103.4
1/11/2012
C
0.029
0.012
0.017
0.006
0.006
10.0
102.3
1/25/2012
A
0.028
0.019
0.009
0.004
0.015
7.5
86.8
1/25/2012
B
0.034
0.016
0.018
0.004
0.012
4.8
85.5
1/25/2012
C
0.046
0.032
0.014
0.003
0.029
6.6
93.6
2/8/2012
A
0.028
0.014
0.014
0.003
0.011
7.4
66.2
2/8/2012
B
0.030
0.014
0.016
0.003
0.011
8.8
76.2
2/8/2012
C
0.036
0.018
0.018
0.003
0.015
6.2
84.9
2/27/2012
A
0.028
0.017
0.011
0.003
0.014
5.7
64.2
2/27/2012
B
0.034
0.020
0.014
0.003
0.017
6.3
69.5
2/27/2012
C
0.043
0.021
0.022
0.004
0.017
8.0
81.8
3/12/2012
A
0.024
0.012
0.012
0.003
0.009
9.6
64.6
3/12/2012
B
0.035
0.016
0.019
0.004
0.012
11.5
74.4
3/12/2012
C
0.045
0.017
0.028
0.004
0.013
10.0
75.4
3/28/2012
A
0.023
0.008
0.015
0.003
0.005
3.3
66.3
3/28/2012
B
0.026
0.011
0.015
0.004
0.008
3.2
67.3
3/28/2012
C
0.027
0.013
0.014
0.004
0.009
5.3
68.6
4/9/2012
A
0.036
0.022
0.014
0.014
0.008
10.2
57.1
4/9/2012
B
0.021
0.010
0.011
0.003
0.007
6.4
57.5
4/9/2012
C
0.026
0.012
0.014
0.003
0.009
5.6
63.4
4/23/2012
A
0.029
0.011
0.018
0.0089
0.002
4.3
61.0
4/23/2012
B
0.028
0.014
0.014
0.0119
0.002
7.7
63.7
4/23/2012
C
0.032
0.012
0.020
0.0119
0.000
5.7
66.3
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
97
pH
8.4
8.2
8.0
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.0
8.0
8.4
8.2
8.1
8.6
8.1
7.9
8.3
8.2
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.2
7.6
7.7
7.7
Table A12. Detailed water quality parameters of the grab canal water samples collected
from Farm 4702 from November 2010 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/9/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
11/23/2010
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/4/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
1/18/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/2/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/9/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
2/23/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/2/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/16/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
3/30/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/13/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
4/25/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/4/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
5/19/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/7/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
6/22/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
8/17/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
12/6/2011
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
A
B
C
nd
nd
nd
0.028
0.033
0.057
0.040
0.020
0.021
0.063
0.070
0.059
0.046
0.065
0.053
0.077
0.066
0.065
0.050
0.046
0.039
0.067
0.047
0.048
0.103
0.104
0.102
0.037
0.034
0.025
0.041
0.041
0.033
0.040
0.035
0.032
0.029
0.032
0.030
0.037
0.040
0.029
0.035
0.033
0.032
0.046
0.043
0.036
0.034
0.031
0.030
0.067
0.072
0.072
nd
nd
nd
0.018
0.017
0.012
0.008
0.010
0.010
0.021
0.047
0.041
0.021
0.020
0.009
0.022
0.018
0.014
0.015
0.013
0.010
0.018
0.047
0.044
0.014
0.012
0.015
0.024
0.018
0.016
0.020
0.016
0.016
0.020
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.017
0.017
0.016
0.016
0.015
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.0510
0.061
0.054
0.015
0.011
0.010
0.061
0.063
0.065
nd
nd
nd
0.010
0.016
0.045
0.032
0.010
0.011
0.042
0.023
0.018
0.025
0.045
0.044
0.055
0.048
0.051
0.035
0.033
0.029
0.049
0.000
0.004
0.089
0.092
0.087
0.013
0.016
0.009
0.021
0.025
0.017
0.020
0.017
0.013
0.009
0.015
0.013
0.021
0.024
0.014
0.023
0.019
0.017
0.046
0.043
0.036
0.019
0.020
0.020
0.006
0.009
0.007
0.015
0.010
0.009
0.014
0.014
0.008
0.004
0.003
0.004
nd
nd
nd
0.004
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.007
0.006
0.041
0.041
0.014
0.010
0.010
0.013
0.011
0.011
0.015
0.014
0.013
0.021
0.014
0.013
0.004
0.006
0.006
0.021
0.013
0.014
0.006
0.005
0.005
0.011
0.010
0.007
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.011
0.005
0.005
0.007
0.009
0.008
0.016
0.032
0.013
0.013
0.013
0.012
0.060
0.050
0.062
0.006
0.000
0.007
0.010
0.000
0.009
0.007
0.003
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.033
0.031
0.010
0.006
0.009
0.003
0.005
0.002
0.014
0.011
0.011
0.009
0.008
0.012
0.015
0.011
0.010
0.005
0.011
0.011
0.005
0.005
0.008
0.035
0.029
0.041
0.002
0.002
0.013
0.003
2.7
3.4
3.0
3.9
5.9
6.0
1.0
1.0
0.5
1.8
1.0
2.2
31.4
2.6
4.0
1.8
2.2
2.2
2.6
2.8
7.6
9.6
9.4
8.4
5.8
5.6
5.6
3.6
5.6
4.4
8.2
7.9
8.1
6.5
11.4
6.3
6.5
2.8
3.7
4.1
5.0
1.6
5.2
5.6
4.8
3.2
2.9
3.7
9.9
5.5
3.7
5.8
7.5
3.9
53.0
54.1
51.3
54.6
52.6
45.4
39.1
39.7
40.1
56.8
55.8
53.8
73.4
71.0
69.0
85.8
81.6
80.9
88.6
82.2
78.8
79.1
79.3
80.5
52.8
61.0
65.9
47.2
43.4
42.4
58.5
57.8
53.8
39.3
59.8
50.6
67.0
79.7
91.6
104.1
105.3
95.3
95.7
117.9
106.4
123.9
135.6
123.9
130.2
135.5
131.5
112.0
113.2
116.3
98
pH
nd
nd
nd
8.0
7.9
8.3
8.1
8.0
8.2
8.0
7.9
8.5
7.6
8.0
8.4
7.8
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.3
8.5
7.8
8.1
8.5
7.7
8.0
8.7
7.5
7.6
7.9
8.3
8.1
8.4
8.2
7.9
8.3
8.3
8.1
7.1
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.1
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.5
7.9
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.6
Sampling
Date
Transect
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
12/20/2011
A
0.082
0.044
0.038
0.028
0.016
3.8
115.2
12/20/2011
B
0.064
0.038
0.026
0.020
0.018
3.9
113.4
12/20/2011
C
0.039
0.030
0.009
0.015
0.015
1.3
110.8
1/11/2012
A
0.109
0.113
0.045
0.068
22.0
105.1
1/11/2012
B
0.112
0.082
0.030
0.040
0.042
18.2
103.5
1/11/2012
C
0.108
0.078
0.030
0.036
0.042
11.0
102.9
1/25/2012
A
0.090
0.074
0.016
0.045
0.029
5.4
81.0
1/25/2012
B
0.067
0.064
0.003
0.028
0.036
2.6
84.9
1/25/2012
C
0.074
0.083
0.030
0.053
9.0
90.5
2/8/2012
A
0.063
0.045
0.018
0.053
10.2
134.0
2/8/2012
B
0.064
0.046
0.018
0.057
17.8
137.7
2/8/2012
C
0.079
0.049
0.030
0.063
24.2
140.6
2/27/2012
A
0.140
0.130
0.010
0.133
11.2
140.2
2/27/2012
B
0.125
0.127
0.114
0.014
9.5
138.8
2/27/2012
C
0.079
0.054
0.025
0.056
17.5
139.8
3/12/2012
A
0.080
0.038
0.042
0.036
0.002
21.2
119.3
3/12/2012
B
0.051
0.022
0.029
0.015
0.008
8.5
113.9
3/12/2012
C
0.045
0.015
0.030
0.012
0.003
9.1
114.6
3/28/2012
A
0.060
0.026
0.034
0.024
0.002
3.1
98.8
3/28/2012
B
0.045
0.015
0.030
0.011
0.004
5.1
95.5
3/28/2012
C
0.049
0.017
0.032
0.014
0.003
5.9
106.6
4/9/2012
A
0.063
0.018
0.045
0.023
8.5
140.3
4/9/2012
B
0.065
0.019
0.046
0.023
13.5
142.0
4/9/2012
C
0.077
0.023
0.054
0.031
14.1
163.7
4/23/2012
A
0.045
0.022
0.023
0.0225
4.8
99.6
4/23/2012
B
0.039
0.027
0.012
0.0141
0.013
7.7
92.6
4/23/2012
C
0.041
0.021
0.020
0.0131
0.008
10.2
103.6
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
99
pH
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.4
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.9
7.7
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.9
8.0
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.5
7.6
7.7
Figure A1. Distribution of total dissolved P (TDP) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
100
Figure A2. Distribution of soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th
percentile, whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
101
Figure A3. Distribution of particulate-P (PP) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
102
Figure A4. Distribution of dissolved organic P (DOP) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from November
2010 through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
103
Figure A5 Distribution of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from November
2010 through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
104
Figure A6. Distribution of dissolved calcium (Ca) concentrations in canal water grab samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
105
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
5/11
5/18
ORP (mV)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
5/11
5/18
Temp (°C)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
5/11
5/18
pH
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
5/11
5/18
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
800
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
Figure A7. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 0401.
106
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
ORP (mV)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
Temp. (°C)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
pH
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
800
600
400
200
0
Figure A8. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 2501.
107
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
ORP (mV)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
Temp (°C)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
pH
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
800
600
400
200
0
Figure A9. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 1813.
108
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
ORP (mV)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
Temp (°C)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
pH
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
800
600
400
200
0
Figure A10. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 6117.
109
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
ORP (mV)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
Temp (°C)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
pH
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
800
600
400
200
0
-200
-400
Figure A11. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 3102.
110
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
ORP (mV)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
Temp. (°C)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
pH
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
800
600
400
200
0
Figure A12. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 3103.
111
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
ORP (mV)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
Temp (°C)
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
pH
10/14
10/21
10/28
11/4
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Figure A13. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 4701.
112
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
ORP (mV)
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
Temp (°C)
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
pH
11/11
11/18
11/25
12/2
12/9
12/16
12/23
12/30
1/6
1/13
1/20
1/27
2/3
2/10
2/17
2/24
3/2
3/9
3/16
3/23
3/30
4/6
4/13
4/20
4/27
5/4
EC (uS/cm)
2400
1900
1400
900
400
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.0
6.5
6.0
30
25
20
15
10
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Figure A14. Daily average of in situ measurements of canal water quality parameters
recorded with MiniSonde® in farm 4702.
113
Table A13. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 0401 from February 2011 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
pH
3/29/2011
0.097
0.028
0.069
0.021
0.007
27.6
36.2
7.7
3/31/2011
0.084
0.020
0.064
0.026
20.5
52.3
8.1
7/5/2011
0.087
0.052
0.035
0.042
0.010
17.1
99.1
7.9
7/6/2011
0.055
0.042
0.013
0.031
0.011
4.3
112.5
7.5
7/8/2011
0.064
0.028
0.036
0.019
0.009
10.3
148.0
7.9
7/9/2011
0.059
0.034
0.025
0.025
0.009
7.0
147.5
7.7
7/10/2011
0.085
0.050
0.035
0.043
0.007
15.6
148.0
7.7
7/11/2011
0.095
0.029
0.066
0.032
37.1
143.6
7.8
7/15/2011
0.053
0.026
0.027
0.022
0.004
6.7
124.3
7.9
7/19/2011
0.059
0.027
0.032
0.020
0.007
8.2
113.7
8.0
7/22/2011
0.162
0.029
0.133
0.022
0.007
24.3
100.8
7.9
7/23/2011
0.124
0.031
0.093
0.022
0.009
49.3
96.1
8.0
8/19/2011
0.046
0.029
0.017
0.021
0.009
7.5
84.4
7.4
8/20/2011
0.096
0.029
0.067
0.025
0.004
31.0
121.9
7.5
8/22/2011
0.190
0.027
0.163
0.026
0.001
76.9
123.7
7.7
8/24/2011
0.084
0.043
0.041
0.024
0.019
20.4
129.9
7.8
8/26/2011
0.059
0.031
0.028
0.021
0.010
26.9
132.1
7.7
8/29/2011
0.178
0.048
0.130
0.040
0.009
62.5
103.6
7.7
9/2/2011
0.065
0.038
0.027
0.033
0.005
6.8
129.9
7.7
9/5/2011
0.052
0.032
0.020
0.022
0.010
5.7
131.5
8.1
9/9/2011
0.148
0.055
0.093
0.042
0.013
14.8
115.0
7.8
9/12/2011
0.063
0.028
0.035
0.019
0.010
13.9
137.8
7.8
9/19/2011
0.158
0.050
0.108
0.042
0.009
18.1
106.8
7.8
9/26/2011
0.175
0.044
0.131
0.045
33.9
92.3
7.8
9/29/2011
0.092
0.040
0.052
0.039
0.001
29.2
100.5
7.9
10/1/2011
0.123
0.044
0.079
0.041
0.003
46.4
98.9
7.9
10/9/2011
0.162
0.037
0.125
0.043
56.4
106.0
8.1
10/19/2011
0.084
0.047
0.037
0.0464
0.001
12.4
112.8
7.7
10/24/2011
0.123
0.051
0.072
0.049
0.002
31.2
132.2
7.8
10/31/2011
0.193
0.072
0.121
0.064
0.008
59.3
116.9
7.9
11/2/2011
0.098
0.066
0.032
0.067
14.6
143.0
7.8
11/4/2011
0.127
0.044
0.083
0.070
20.8
137.4
7.9
11/7/2011
0.057
0.043
0.014
0.058
nd
138.8
8.2
11/8/2011
0.089
0.047
0.042
0.064
39.9
127.5
7.9
11/22/2011
0.058
0.023
0.035
0.024
21.7
74.9
7.9
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
114
Table A14. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 2501 from February 2011 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
pH
3/29/2011
0.060
0.071
nd
0.065
0.006
23.8
37.1
7.8
3/30/2011
nd
nd
nd
0.030
11.2
43.8
8.0
3/31/2011
0.067
0.038
0.029
0.020
0.018
12.9
40.1
8.1
7/5/2011
0.072
0.038
0.034
0.028
0.010
16.3
93.6
8.0
7/6/2011
0.046
0.033
0.013
0.018
0.015
3.2
114.3
7.6
7/7/2011
0.057
0.033
0.024
0.025
0.008
3.8
137.3
7.8
7/8/2011
0.052
0.037
0.015
0.031
0.006
4.5
128.0
7.7
7/10/2011
0.057
0.031
0.026
0.026
0.005
2.4
140.1
7.8
7/11/2011
0.042
0.025
0.017
0.022
0.003
3.2
143.9
8.0
7/14/2011
0.053
0.020
0.033
0.013
0.008
3.1
125.9
8.0
7/15/2011
0.064
0.016
0.048
0.014
0.002
18.7
121.6
8.2
8/20/2011
0.085
0.033
0.052
0.021
0.012
29.9
98.3
7.4
8/24/2011
0.135
0.083
0.052
0.049
0.034
30.6
136.5
7.6
8/25/2011
0.061
0.042
0.019
0.033
0.009
8.0
142.7
7.4
8/26/2011
0.046
0.034
0.012
0.034
0.001
5.1
136.4
7.5
9/2/2011
0.061
0.030
0.031
0.023
0.007
20.2
127.4
7.7
9/9/2011
0.074
0.017
0.057
0.011
0.006
6.7
136.1
7.8
9/10/2011
0.109
0.052
0.057
0.044
0.008
14.5
126.4
8.0
9/12/2011
0.070
0.029
0.041
0.026
0.003
21.0
142.9
7.9
9/30/2011
0.088
0.026
0.062
0.018
0.009
19.5
114.5
7.8
10/20/2011
0.115
0.031
0.084
0.0262
0.005
24.7
126.2
7.6
10/21/2011
0.073
0.038
0.035
0.033
0.005
12.5
139.9
7.7
10/31/2011
0.101
0.026
0.075
0.019
0.007
30.2
132.2
7.8
11/1/2011
0.109
0.073
0.036
0.059
0.014
14.5
81.8
7.7
11/2/2011
0.080
0.052
0.028
0.052
0.000
5.3
146.5
7.7
11/3/2011
0.084
0.058
0.026
0.0558
0.002
11.5
145.2
7.7
11/4/2011
0.121
0.069
0.052
0.052
0.017
10.9
144.6
7.8
11/7/2011
0.072
0.043
0.029
0.050
nd
148.0
8.1
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
115
Table A15. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 1813 from February 2011 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
pH
7/5/2011
0.123
0.089
0.034
0.076
0.013
9.7
106.4
7.8
7/8/2011
0.134
0.100
0.034
0.081
0.019
5.8
135.6
7.8
7/10/2011
0.157
0.118
0.039
0.103
0.015
4.9
120.7
8.0
7/11/2011
0.127
0.060
0.067
0.051
0.009
4.1
121.9
8.0
7/15/2011
0.077
0.020
0.057
0.011
0.010
9.5
113.8
8.1
8/19/2011
0.063
0.017
0.046
0.006
0.011
8.9
102.8
7.5
8/24/2011
0.056
0.019
0.037
0.008
0.012
11.6
117.0
7.7
8/27/2011
0.045
0.013
0.032
0.008
0.005
21.0
122.5
7.8
8/30/2011
0.051
0.012
0.039
0.006
0.006
18.9
120.8
8.0
9/2/2011
0.038
0.012
0.026
0.009
0.003
9.9
119.5
7.9
9/8/2011
0.063
0.015
0.048
0.009
0.006
11.5
114.5
7.9
9/12/2011
0.046
0.017
0.029
0.013
0.004
8.4
113.5
7.7
9/13/2011
0.080
0.037
0.043
0.032
0.005
5.6
114.3
8.0
9/27/2011
0.067
0.020
0.047
0.015
0.005
24.0
109.6
8.1
10/9/2011
0.064
0.015
0.049
0.012
0.003
21.8
104.4
8.1
10/20/2011
0.068
0.032
0.036
0.0315
0.001
11.3
108.0
7.7
10/21/2011
0.067
0.039
0.028
0.034
0.005
17.3
117.4
7.8
10/24/2011
0.079
0.057
0.022
0.035
0.022
9.4
117.2
7.9
10/25/2011
0.071
0.045
0.026
0.041
0.004
15.6
118.9
7.9
10/31/2011
0.093
0.037
0.056
0.032
0.005
12.8
100.7
7.6
11/1/2011
0.176
0.150
0.026
0.129
0.021
8.2
135.2
7.4
11/2/2011
0.122
0.092
0.030
0.086
0.006
14.1
110.5
7.8
11/3/2011
0.101
0.081
0.020
0.08
0.001
17.1
121.2
7.8
11/7/2011
0.059
0.042
0.017
0.055
14.9
134.3
7.9
11/8/2011
0.057
0.037
0.020
0.053
16.5
125.9
8.0
11/18/2011
0.127
0.043
0.084
0.049
19.0
132.6
8.3
11/23/2011
0.068
0.021
0.047
0.053
16.0
111.9
8.1
12/15/2011
0.103
0.036
0.067
0.048
nd
97.3
7.9
3/26/2012
0.036
0.013
0.023
0.013
0.000
9.5
83.6
8.0
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
116
Table A16. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 6117 from February 2011 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
pH
7/5/2011
0.093
0.043
0.050
0.031
0.013
5.3
111.9
7.8
7/6/2011
0.112
0.072
0.040
0.059
0.013
5.4
124.0
7.6
7/10/2011
0.133
0.042
0.091
0.030
0.013
4.7
123.2
7.7
7/15/2011
0.102
0.041
0.061
0.029
0.012
5.8
117.3
7.9
8/19/2011
0.114
0.026
0.088
0.012
0.014
4.7
105.6
7.4
8/24/2011
0.129
0.087
0.042
0.059
0.028
25.8
119.3
8.0
8/27/2011
0.120
0.031
0.089
0.018
0.013
10.0
116.4
7.7
9/2/2011
0.115
0.039
0.076
0.026
0.014
25.3
121.3
7.8
9/3/2011
0.103
0.048
0.055
0.031
0.017
11.2
132.1
8.0
9/5/2011
0.104
0.062
0.042
0.041
0.022
4.3
137.6
8.2
9/8/2011
0.118
0.043
0.075
0.027
0.017
10.3
130.4
7.8
9/12/2011
0.137
0.071
0.066
0.059
0.012
9.8
134.0
7.6
9/25/2011
0.132
0.030
0.102
0.020
0.010
18.8
121.4
7.8
10/1/2011
0.310
0.068
0.242
0.070
33.3
118.5
7.7
10/10/2011
0.147
0.078
0.069
0.075
0.004
13.1
116.2
7.6
10/20/2011
0.140
0.093
0.047
0.0794
0.014
5.4
125.8
7.5
10/21/2011
0.179
0.141
0.038
0.138
0.003
8.4
131.7
7.5
10/28/2011
0.221
0.068
0.153
0.043
0.025
38.2
125.7
7.7
10/31/2011
0.173
0.108
0.065
0.048
0.060
10.0
122.6
7.5
11/1/2011
0.175
0.136
0.039
0.128
0.008
12.6
140.7
7.5
11/2/2011
0.203
0.153
0.050
0.145
0.008
10.9
133.9
7.5
11/7/2011
0.108
0.072
0.036
0.090
11.5
141.8
7.9
3/26/2012
0.070
0.037
0.033
0.037
0.001
13.1
81.6
7.5
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
117
Table A17. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 3102 from February 2011 through April 2012.
1
TP
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
Sampling
pH
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
Date
3/30/2011
nd
nd
nd
0.060
nd
1.8
56.8
7.8
3/31/2011
0.153
0.106
0.047
0.093
0.013
33.1
47.9
8.1
4/1/2011
0.151
0.101
0.050
0.085
0.016
nd
51.5
8.6
7/5/2011
0.274
0.207
0.067
0.184
0.023
91.2
129.1
7.8
7/7/2011
0.259
0.187
0.072
0.162
0.026
15.5
123.6
7.7
7/12/2011
0.200
0.166
0.034
0.146
0.021
5.6
98.0
7.8
7/15/2011
0.311
0.211
0.100
0.193
0.018
18.3
109.7
7.8
7/16/2011
0.297
0.131
0.166
0.143
24.7
113.2
7.9
7/19/2011
0.130
0.083
0.047
0.089
8.5
121.4
7.7
8/20/2011
0.193
0.163
0.030
0.146
0.017
10.5
127.0
7.6
8/23/2011
0.289
0.215
0.074
0.194
0.021
6.7
123.3
7.6
8/24/2011
0.261
0.203
0.058
0.172
0.031
19.4
124.6
7.5
8/25/2011
0.216
0.165
0.051
0.151
0.014
22.1
127.2
7.6
8/26/2011
0.230
0.152
0.078
0.121
0.031
21.5
123.8
7.6
8/27/2011
0.255
0.023
0.232
0.121
28.5
123.9
7.8
9/3/2011
0.181
0.156
0.025
0.139
0.017
6.0
121.9
7.6
9/5/2011
0.172
0.150
0.022
0.142
0.008
33.8
129.3
7.8
9/8/2011
0.292
0.149
0.143
0.134
0.015
25.0
120.6
7.4
9/9/2011
0.403
0.264
0.139
0.248
0.016
28.7
126.4
7.7
9/10/2011
0.481
0.270
0.211
0.245
0.025
27.9
136.1
7.9
9/12/2011
0.429
0.234
0.195
0.210
0.024
40.0
124.1
7.9
9/13/2011
0.748
0.184
0.564
0.162
0.022
93.2
126.0
8.3
9/27/2011
0.321
0.177
0.144
0.190
29.1
103.7
7.8
9/29/2011
0.416
0.244
0.172
0.273
16.1
108.1
7.6
9/30/2011
0.231
0.181
0.050
0.195
21.7
121.3
7.7
10/11/2011
0.295
0.195
0.100
0.202
26.6
119.6
7.8
10/20/2011
0.329
0.243
0.086
0.2545
11.2
121.7
7.4
10/21/2111
0.256
0.212
0.044
0.180
0.032
28.4
130.7
7.5
10/24/2011
0.323
0.212
0.111
0.214
93.2
132.6
8.0
10/31/2011
0.378
0.231
0.147
0.213
0.018
26.5
119.6
7.5
11/1/2011
0.312
0.207
0.105
0.196
0.011
34.8
130.6
7.4
11/2/2011
0.305
0.150
0.155
0.147
0.003
nd
134.3
7.8
2/10/2012
0.302
0.105
0.197
0.088
0.017
nd
81.4
7.8
4/21/2012
0.126
0.066
0.060
0.0594
0.007
11.8
67.3
7.6
4/23/2012
0.189
0.152
0.037
0.1576
15.8
84.1
7.5
4/30/2012
0.151
0.104
0.047
0.0873
0.017
16.8
88.5
7.7
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
118
Table A18. Table A18. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples
collected from farm 3103 from February 2011 through April 2012.
Sampling
Date
TP1
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
pH
2/11/2011
0.081
0.069
0.012
0.066
0.003
8.0
58.8
8.1
3/28/2011
0.097
0.044
0.053
0.057
23.8
56.3
7.8
3/29/2011
0.115
0.063
0.052
0.046
0.017
15.2
60.6
8.1
3/30/2011
nd
nd
nd
0.166
14.4
77.4
7.7
3/31/2011
0.198
0.137
0.061
0.122
0.015
16.6
76.0
8.1
6/20/2011
0.083
0.018
0.065
0.015
0.003
32.9
126.2
7.8
6/29/2011
0.133
0.056
0.077
0.041
0.016
6.5
136.1
7.0
7/5/2011
0.146
0.127
0.019
0.113
0.014
3.8
141.4
8.0
7/7/2011
0.154
0.115
0.039
0.110
0.005
5.5
146.2
5.6
7/12/2011
0.118
0.086
0.032
0.081
0.005
2.4
132.2
7.6
7/14/2011
0.142
0.094
0.048
0.087
0.007
6.9
127.1
7.7
7/15/2011
0.105
0.077
0.028
0.073
0.005
10.2
131.2
7.5
7/23/2011
0.110
0.041
0.069
0.038
0.003
22.8
123.2
7.7
7/27/2011
0.075
0.030
0.045
0.022
0.008
10.7
114.5
7.6
8/6/2011
0.070
0.026
0.044
0.013
0.013
12.8
132.8
7.8
8/12/2011
0.125
0.038
0.087
0.011
0.027
10.9
113.8
7.7
8/19/2011
0.128
0.094
0.034
0.081
0.013
14.1
105.8
7.6
8/20/2011
0.147
0.071
0.076
0.059
0.012
22.5
119.9
7.8
8/23/2011
0.136
0.069
0.067
0.055
0.014
7.8
124.8
7.7
8/25/2011
0.083
0.042
0.041
0.032
0.010
19.4
136.7
7.6
8/27/2011
0.198
0.132
0.066
0.014
0.118
76.3
138.1
7.5
9/2/2011
0.174
0.068
0.106
0.060
0.009
20.5
131.1
7.6
9/5/2011
0.146
0.096
0.050
0.091
0.005
14.4
127.7
8.1
9/6/2011
0.271
0.153
0.118
0.132
0.021
14.0
140.0
7.9
9/7/2011
0.217
0.110
0.107
0.097
0.013
28.6
136.6
7.9
9/8/2011
0.187
0.089
0.098
0.079
0.011
34.5
140.6
7.8
9/9/2011
0.257
0.114
0.143
0.087
0.027
20.8
142.2
7.8
9/10/2011
0.206
0.061
0.145
0.051
0.010
33.9
115.0
7.9
9/12/2011
0.227
0.123
0.104
0.101
0.022
32.4
140.5
7.7
9/27/2011
0.214
0.145
0.069
0.151
5.5
123.6
7.8
9/29/2011
0.271
0.168
0.103
0.183
30.7
127.5
7.7
9/30/2011
0.308
0.143
0.165
0.149
86.9
138.9
7.6
10/10/2011
0.179
0.104
0.075
0.101
0.003
30.8
130.4
7.8
10/20/2011
0.242
0.186
0.056
0.1787
0.007
7.8
123.1
7.6
10/24/2011
0.159
0.129
0.030
0.132
7.3
143.2
7.9
10/31/2011
0.380
0.234
0.146
0.213
0.021
12.4
125.0
7.6
11/1/2011
0.377
0.257
0.120
0.235
0.022
12.0
132.8
7.7
2/10/2012
0.173
0.102
0.071
0.082
0.020
nd
120.2
8.2
4/21/2012
0.193
0.085
0.108
0.0792
0.006
22.6
71.3
7.8
4/23/2012
0.217
0.141
0.076
0.1459
25.7
107.5
7.8
4/30/2012
0.276
0.083
0.193
0.0753
0.008
82.5
102.8
7.9
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
119
Table A19. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 4701 from February 2011 through April 2012.
1
TP
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
Sampling
pH
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
Date
2/11/2011
0.115
0.064
0.051
0.064
0.000
23.1
70.5
7.9
3/31/2011
0.038
0.036
0.002
0.004
0.032
6.5
44.7
8.0
7/5/2011
0.041
0.014
0.027
0.007
0.007
3.9
99.9
7.8
7/6/2011
0.029
0.015
0.014
0.010
0.005
3.3
103.6
7.5
7/12/2011
0.053
0.035
0.018
0.017
0.018
10.9
87.4
8.2
7/15/2011
0.034
0.010
0.024
0.013
3.9
93.1
7.8
7/16/2011
0.047
0.015
0.032
0.011
0.004
12.0
99.9
8.1
8/23/2011
0.036
0.009
0.027
0.008
0.001
5.4
96.7
7.7
8/24/2011
0.058
0.020
0.038
0.011
0.010
14.2
103.9
7.5
9/5/2011
0.034
0.008
0.026
0.010
19.7
97.3
7.7
9/7/2011
0.034
0.010
0.024
0.011
7.5
106.0
7.6
9/10/2011
0.048
0.006
0.042
0.013
6.6
142.2
8.0
9/30/2011
0.058
0.012
0.046
0.012
0.000
17.7
106.2
7.9
10/20/2011
0.052
0.023
0.029
0.0172
0.006
5.3
111.5
7.7
10/31/2011
0.046
0.018
0.028
0.016
0.002
6.4
114.9
7.6
11/1/2011
0.033
0.014
0.019
0.019
5.2
120.5
7.5
11/2/2011
0.032
0.039
nd
0.026
0.014
2.9
121.6
7.6
11/3/2011
0.049
0.020
0.029
0.0288
22.0
121.0
7.8
4/23/2012
0.030
0.009
0.021
0.0080
0.001
2.4
67.6
7.8
10/21/2011
0.037
0.014
0.023
0.018
12.7
103.0
7.8
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
120
Table A20. Detailed water quality parameters of drainage water samples collected from
farm 4702 from February 2011 through April 2012.
1
TP
TDP
PP
SRP
DOP
TSS
Ca
Sampling
pH
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
(mg/l)
Date
3/31/2011
0.050
0.012
0.038
0.007
0.005
11.3
46.6
8.1
7/5/2011
0.061
0.049
0.012
0.031
0.018
2.8
154.0
7.6
7/6/2011
0.070
0.052
0.018
0.032
0.020
4.5
148.5
7.4
7/7/2011
0.077
0.062
0.015
0.053
0.009
10.0
149.9
7.9
7/8/2011
0.068
0.043
0.025
0.046
8.6
155.2
7.8
7/12/2011
0.053
0.022
0.031
0.025
4.2
144.5
8.0
7/15/2011
0.051
0.017
0.034
0.023
3.7
141.3
7.7
7/16/2011
0.051
0.021
0.030
0.020
0.001
3.8
148.4
7.7
8/23/2011
0.036
0.019
0.017
0.012
0.007
4.8
122.6
7.5
9/5/2011
0.049
0.022
0.027
0.026
6.2
127.9
7.6
9/8/2011
0.045
0.023
0.022
0.026
6.9
133.2
7.7
10/20/2011
0.093
0.052
0.041
0.0578
21.4
125.3
7.5
10/21/2011
0.061
0.028
0.033
0.036
136.1
7.8
10/31/2011
0.068
0.035
0.033
0.037
7.5
130.9
7.5
11/1/2011
0.084
0.045
0.039
0.050
16.8
144.0
7.7
11/2/2011
0.057
0.017
0.040
0.054
5.4
151.0
7.7
11/3/2011
0.048
0.033
0.015
0.0535
6.5
148.4
7.7
11/4/2011
0.087
0.040
0.047
0.033
0.007
52.1
145.6
7.6
2/10/2012
0.104
0.055
0.049
0.048
0.007
132.9
7.9
2/13/2012
0.059
0.036
0.023
0.048
10.0
138.5
7.8
2/15/2012
0.051
0.027
0.024
0.041
16.0
137.8
8.0
2/22/2012
0.084
0.058
0.026
0.070
13.0
140.8
7.6
3/26/2012
0.032
0.012
0.020
0.017
8.4
116.5
7.9
1
TP=total-P; TDP=total dissolved-P; PP=particulate-P; SRP=soluble reactive-P; DOP=dissolved organic-P;
TSS=total suspended solids; Ca=total dissolved calcium. nd = not determined.
121
Farm 0401 Daily Rainfall
2.50
Inches
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 2501 Daily Rainfall
2.50
Inches
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A15. Daily rainfall for farms 0401 and 2501 for WY 2012.
Farm 1813 Daily Rainfall
2.50
Inches
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Farm 6117 Daily Rainfall
2.50
Inches
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A16. Daily rainfall for farms 1813 and 6117 for WY 2012.
122
Farm 3102 Daily Rainfall
2.50
Inches
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 3103 Daily Rainfall
2.50
Inches
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A17. Daily rainfall for farms 3102 and 3103 for WY 2012.
Farm 4701 Daily Rainfall
3.00
Inches
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Farm 4702 Daily Rainfall
3.00
Inches
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A18. Daily rainfall for farms 4701 and 4702 for WY 2012.
123
Farm 0401 Daily Drainage Volume
25.0
MGals
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 2501 Daily Drainage Volume
20.0
MGals
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
Figure A19. Daily drainage volume for farms 0401 and 2501 for WY 2012.
Farm 1813 Daily Drainage Volume
25.0
Mgals
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 6117 Daily Drainage Volume
30.0
MGals
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
Figure A20. Daily drainage volume for farms 1813 and 6117 for WY 2012.
124
Farm 3102 Daily Drainage Volume
60.0
Mgals
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 3103 Daily Drainage Volume
35.0
30.0
Mgals
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
Figure A21. Daily drainage volume for farms 3102 and 3103 for WY 2012.
Farm 4701 Daily Drainage Volume
25.0
Mgals
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 4702 Daily Drainage Volume
25.0
Mgals
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
Figure A22. Daily drainage volume for farms 4701 and 4702 for WY 2012.
125
Farm 0401 Daily P Export
10.0
P Load (kgs)
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 2501 Daily P Export
P Load (kgs)
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A23. Daily P export for farms 0401 and 2501 for WY 2012.
Farm 1813 Daily P Export
10.0
P Load (kgs)
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Farm 6117 Daily P Export
P Load (kgs)
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A24. Daily P export for farms 1813 and 6117 for WY 2012.
126
Farm 3102 Daily P Export
P Load (kgs)
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
01/01/12
03/01/12
05/01/12
Farm 3103 Daily P Export
P Load (kgs)
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A25. Daily P export for farms 3102 and 3103 for WY 2012.
Farm 4701 Daily P Export
10.0
P Load (kgs)
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Farm 4702 Daily P Export
P Load (kgs)
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
05/01/11
07/01/11
09/01/11
11/01/11
Figure A26. Daily P export for farms 4701 and 4702 for WY 2012.
127
Figure A27. Distribution of total dissolved P (TDP) concentrations in drainage water samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
128
Figure A28. Distribution of soluble reactive P (SRP) concentrations in drainage water samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
129
Figure A29. Distribution of particulate-P (PP) concentrations in drainage water samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
130
Figure A30. Distribution of dissolved organic-P (DOP) concentrations in drainage water samples collected from November
2010 through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
131
Figure A31. Distribution of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in drainage water samples collected from November
2010 through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outliers.
132
Figure A32. Distribution of dissolved calcium (Ca) concentrations in drainage water samples collected from November 2010
through April 2012.
The ‘◊’ sign in the box is the mean, horizontal line in the box is the median, the top and bottom of the box represents 75th and 25th percentile,
whereas the whiskers define the 5th and 95th percentile observations, and ‘o’ sign outside the boxes are outlier.
133
Samira Daroub
University of Florida/IFAS
Everglades Research and Education Center
Belle Glade, FL 33430
T: 561-9931593 | [email protected]
http://erec.ifas.ufl.edu