SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
BURMESE
A
abolitionist - person who wanted to
end slavery
Act of Toleration - a 1649 Maryland
law that provided religious freedom for
all Christians
activist - a person who works to achieve
a reform in society
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Adams-Onis Treaty - an 1821 treaty
between Spain and the United States in
which Spain agreed to give Florida to
the United States
adobe - sun-dried brick
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zavmf&D'gudk tar&duefodk@ v$Jay;jcif;/
affirmative action - program to provide
more job and education opportunities
for people who faced discrimination in
the past
AFL (American Federation of Labor) an organization of trade unions that
represented skilled workers
Alamo - old Spanish mission in Texas
where Mexican forces under Santa
Anna besieged Texans in 1816
Albany Plan of Union - proposal by
Benjamin Franklin to create one
government for the 13 colonies
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Alien and Sedition acts - in 1798,
Federalist-supported laws that
permitted the President to expel
foreigners, made it harder for
immigrants to become citizens, and
allowed for citizens to be fined or jailed
if they criticized the government or its
officials
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alliance - agreement between nations
to aid and protect one another
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umuG,fay;&ef/ oabmwlnDcsuf
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
1
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Alliance for Progress - economic aid
program for Latin America developed
by President Kennedy
Allied Powers - military alliance of
France, Britain, Russia, Italy, and 20
other nations during World War I
Allies - World War II military alliance of
Britain, France, the Soviet Union, the
United States, China, and 45 other
countries
American Colonization Society - early
1800s organization that proposed to
end slavery by helping African
Americans move to Africa
American System - program for
economic growth promoted by Henry
Clay in the early 1800s, called for high
tariffs on imports
American With Disabilities Act - law
passed in 1990 that prohibits
discrimination in hiring people with
physical or mental impairments
amnesty - a general pardon or
forgiveness for a political crime given by
the government to a specific group of
people
annexation - taking over a territory and
adding it to a country:
Antifederalists - people who opposed
the Constitution and a strong national
government
anti-semitism - policies, views, and
actions that discriminate against Jewish
people
apartheid - strict separation of races
practiced in South Africa
appeasement - giving in to an enemy's
demands in order to keep the peace
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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twGuf pD;yGm;a&; wdk;wuf/ zGH+zdK;r_ tultnD
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oabmwljcif;/
2
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
apprentice - person who learns a trade
or craft from a master
armistice - an end to hostilities such as
a war
Articles of Confederation - first
American constitution, passed in 1777,
which created a loose alliance of 13
independent states
assembly line - method of production
in which workers stay in one place as
products edge along past them on a
moving belt (Henry Ford)
Atlantic Charter - a 1941 program
developed by the United States and
Britain that set goals tor the postwar
world
Axis - World War II military alliance of
Germany, Italy, Japan, and six other
nations
BURMESE
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B
baby boom - large increase in the
birthrate from the late 1940s through
the early 1960
Bacon's Rebellion - a 1676 raid led by
Nathaniel Bacon against the governor
and Native Americans in Virginia
barrio - Mexican neighborhood in the
United Stales
Bataan Death March - long trek across
the Philippines that American and
Filipino prisoners of war were forced to
make by the Japanese in 1942
Battle of Bull Run - first major battle of
the Civil War; fought in Virginia in1861
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
1940rSpaom q,fpkESpfacwfaESmif;ydkif;rS1960
rSpaom q,fpkESpfacwfOD;umvtwGif;arG;zGm;
olrsm;. tqrwefjrifhvmaom arG;zGm;E_ef;
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tar&duefjynfwGif;ppf pwif&mwdkufyGJ
3
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Battle of Bunker Hill - in 1775, first
major battle of the Revolution
Battle of Gettysburg - an 1863 Civil
War battle in Pennsylvania that ended a
Confederate invasion of the North
Battle of Lake Erie - in the War of
1812, an American victory led by Oliver
Perry against the British
Battle of Long Island - a 1776 battle in
New York in which more than 1,400
Americans were killed, wounded, or
captured
Battle of Midway - a 1942 battle in the
Pacific during which American planes
sank four Japanese aircraft carriers
Battle of New Orleans - at the end of
the War of 1812, a battle between
British and American forces that ended
in an American victory
Battle of Saratoga - in 1777, the first
major American victory in the
Revolution
Battle of Tippecanoe - in 1811, battle
over white settlement in the Indiana
Territory
Battle of Trenton - a 1776 battle in
New Jersey in which George
Washington’s troops captured a
Hessian encampment
ALBETAC 2008-2009
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BURMESE
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yxrqHk; t*FvdyfESifh pwdkuf&mppfyGJ
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atmifjrifaomppfyJG
4
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Battle of Yorktown - 1781 American
victory forced the British to surrender
Battles of Lexington and Concord - in
1775, conflicts between Massachusetts
colonists and British soldiers that
started the Revolutionary War
Bay of Pigs invasion - failed invasion
of Cuba in 1961 when a force of 1,200
Cuban exiles, backed by the United
States, landed at the Bay of Pigs
Berlin Airlift - American and British
relief effort to airlift supplies to West
Berliners from 1948 to 1949
Berlin Wall - wall built by the
communist East German government in
1961 to seal off East Berlin from West
Berlin
bias - a personal preference or leaning
towards a point of view
bicameral legislature - a lawmaking
body made up of two houses
Big Four - leaders of Britain, France,
the United States, and Italy after World
War I
Big Stick Policy - President
Roosevelt's approach to foreign affairs
in Latin America, emphasizing
diplomacy backed by force
Bill of Rights - first 10 amendments to
the United States Constitution
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
tar&duefwdk@tEkdif&um t*Fvdyfudk vufeuf
csaponf@ 1781 wdkufyJG
refqmcsLqufudkvdkeDrsm;ESifh t*Fvdyfppfom;
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tar&dueftajccHOya' .jyifqifcsufrsm;teuf
yxrqHk; jyifqifcsuf 10ck
5
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Black Cabinet - group of black leaders
who unofficially advised President
Franklin D. Roosevelt concerning the
situation of African Americans
black codes - Southern laws that
severely limited the rights of African
Americans after the Civil War
Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929) day that stock market crashed,
signaling start of the Great Depression
Blitzkrieg - "lightening war" The
German military strategy during WWII
of attacking without warning
blitzkrieg - the swift attacks launched
by Germany in World War II
boat people - after the Vietnam War,
refugees who escaped from Vietnam in
small boats
bootlegger - person who smuggled
liquor into the United States during
Prohibition
border state - slave state that
remained in the Union during the Civil
War
Boston Massacre - a 1770 conflict in
which five colonists were killed by
British troops
Boston Tea Party - a 1773 protest in
which colonists dressed as Indians
dumped British tea into Boston harbor
Boxer Rebellion - uprising in China
against westerners and Western
influence in 1900
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Burmese Version
BURMESE
tmz&duEG,fzGm; tar&duefrsm; twGuf orw
z&ifuvif'D&kpAJ@udk w&m;0ifr[kwfyJ t}uHay;&ef
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uef@uGuf qENjy awmfvSefr_
6
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
boycott - a peaceful protest in which
people refuse to buy or use certain
goods
Brown vs. Board of Education - the
1954 Supreme Court ruling declaring
that segregation in public schools was
unconstitutional.
bull market - period of increased stock
trading and rising stock prices
burgess - representative to the colonial
Virginia government
BURMESE
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C
Cabinet - group of officials who head
government departments and advise
the President
Camp David Accords - 1979 peace
treaty between Israel and Egypt in
which Israel agreed to return the Sinai
Peninsula to Egypt and Egypt agreed to
recognize Israel
capitalism - an economic system in
which factories, equipment and other
means of production are privately
owned rather than controlled by the
government
carpetbagger - uncomplimentary
nickname for a northerner who went to
the South after the Civil War
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
orwudk t}uHay;&efESif@ tpdk;&Xmersm;udk t}uD;
tuJ 0ef}uD;rsm;tjzpf OD;aqmif&ef tjrifhqHk; tpdk;&
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vljzLrsm;ukd ESdrfac:aomtajymiftysuf trnf/
c&D;aqmiftdyf wvHk;ESifhajymif;vmum ae&mopfrS
7
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
cash crop - crop sold for money at
market
caucus - private meeting; often a
political meeting
cede - to give up land to another
country usually through a treaty
Central Powers - military alliance of
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria,
and the Ottoman Empire during World
War I
checks and balances - a principle of
the United States Constitution that
gives each branch of government the
power to check the other branches
chief executive - the president or head
of the Executive branch
child labor - using children to work in
factories or sweatshops
Chinese Exclusion Act - 1882 law that
barred Chinese laborers from entering
the United States
civil disobedience - idea that people
have a right to disobey laws they
consider to be unjust, if their
consciences demand it
Civil Rights Act of 1964 - the
landmark act that banned discrimination
on the basis of race, sex, religion, or
national origin; the most important civil
rights law since Reconstruction
civil rights movement - the efforts of
African American to win equal rights
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BURMESE
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8
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
civil war - war between people of the
same country
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) a work relief program established in
1933 as part of the New Deal to provide
work for unemployed Americans during
the Great Depression
Cold War - after World War II long
period of intense rivalry between the
Soviet Union and United States
Cold War - The hostile but nonviolent
struggle for power between the U.S.
and the Soviet Union from the end of
WWII to the fall of the Soviet Union in
1991
collective bargaining - process by
which a union representing a group of
workers negotiates with management
for a contract
Columbian Exchange - the global
exchange of goods and ideas resulting
from the encounter between the
peoples of the Eastern and Western
hemispheres
committee of correspondence - letterwriting campaign that become a major
tool of protest in the colonies
Common Sense - a 1776 essay by
Thomas Paine that urged the colonies
to declare independence
Common Sense - a pamphlet written by
Thomas Paine in 1776 that argued
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9
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
convincingly for independence from
England
communism - economic system in
which all wealth and property are
owned by the state
Compromise of 1850 - agreement over
slavery by which California joined the
Union as a free state and a strict
fugitive slave law was passed
concentration camp - prison camp for
civilians who are considered enemies of
the state
Congress - the legislative branch of the
federal government which consists of
the Senate and the House of
Representatives
conquistador - name for the Spanish
explorers who claimed lands in the
Americas for Spain
Conservatives - during Reconstruction,
white southerners who resisted change
Constitutional Convention - gathering
of state representatives on May 25,
1787, to revise the Articles of
Confederation
containment - the policy of trying to
prevent the spread of Soviet influence
beyond where it already existed
ALBETAC 2008-2009
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BURMESE
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vGwfajrmufaom EkdifiHjzpfoif@a=umif; trsm;
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10
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Continental Army - army established
by the Second Continental Congress to
fight the British
cotton gin - invented by Eli Whitney in
1793, a machine that removes the
seeds from cotton
Cuban missile crisis - major Cold
War confrontation in 1962
BURMESE
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D-Day (June 6, 1944) - day of the
invasion of Western Europe by Allied
forces
Declaration of Independence - a 1776
document stating that the 13 English
colonies were a free and independent
nation
demilitarized zone (DMZ) - area from
which military forces are prohibited
democracy - a system of government
in which the power to rule comes from
the consent of the people
depression - period when business
activities slows, prices and wages fall,
and unemployment rises
détente - policy to reduce tensions
between two countries
Dictatorship - a system of government
in which one person rules and power is
exercised by force.
disarmament - reduction of armed and
weapons of war
discrimination - policy that denies
equal rights to certain groups of people
domino theory - belief that if South
Vietnam fell to communism, other
countries in the region would also fall to
communism
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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jyifopf aemfref'Durf;ajcudk jyefvnfodrf;,lwdkufcdkuf
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11
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
draft - law that requires people of a
certain age to enlist in the military
Dred Scott v. Sandford - an 1857
Supreme Court case that brought into
question the federal power over slavery
in the territories
due process - government cannot take
away a person's right to life, liberty, or
property except according to rules
established by laws.
Dust Bowl - region in the central Great
Plains that was hit by a severe drought
during the 1930s
BURMESE
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E
Earth Summit - meeting of world
leaders in 1992 to discuss key
environmental issue
Eighteenth Amendment - 1917
constitutional amendment that made it
illegal in sell alcoholic drinks
elastic clause - a clause in the
constitution that gives Congress
authority to "make all laws which are
necessary and proper" to carry out its
powers
electoral college - group of electors
from every state who meet every four
years to vote for the President and Vice
President of the United States
Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s 1863 declaration freeing
slaves in the Confederacy
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
obm0ywf0ef;usif xdrf;odrf;a&; qdkif&m ta&;}uD;
aom udpPrsm;ukd urBmhxdyfoD;acgif;aqmifrsm; 1992
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12
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Embargo Act - an 1807 law that
imposed a total ban on foreign trade
encomienda - land granted to Spanish
settlers that included the right to
demand labor or taxes from Native
Americans
English Bill of Rights - a 1689
document that guaranteed the rights of
English citizens
Enlightenment - movement in Europe
in the 1600s and 1700s that
emphasized the use of reason
Environmental Protection Agency federal government agency that works
to reduce pollution
Equal Rights Amendment - a 1923
proposed constitutional amendment
intended to prohibit all discrimination
based on sex; the amendment was
never ratified
Era of Good Feelings - the eight years
of James Monroe’s presidency from
1817 to 1825
Erie Canal - artificial waterway opened
in 1825 linking Lake Erie to the Hudson
River
ethnic cleansing - the forced removal
and murder of ethnic groups from a
region
executive branch - branch of
government that carries out laws
ALBETAC 2008-2009
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BURMESE
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_ dk vHk;0ydwfyif&ef 1807
uxkwfjyefaom Oya'
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jyifqifcsuftjzpf xnf@oGif;&ef trsdK;orD;wdk@u 1923
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t&m&mudk nSdE_dif;at;csrf;aomumv 4if;acwfrSm
orwrGef&dk;vufxuf 1817-1825 8ESpf jzpf.
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wl;azgufxm;aom 1825wGifzGifhonf@ wl;ajrmif;
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xrf;aqmifonf@ tpdk;&tzGJ@/ Oya'udk jyKvkyfzdk@wm0ef
13
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
expansionism - policy of extending a
nation's boundaries
BURMESE
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twdtus taumiftxnfaz:ay;&onf@ tzGJ@/
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F
Fascism - political system that is rooted
in militarism, extreme nationalism, and
blind loyalty to the state
Federal Reserve Act - a 1913 law that
set up a system of federal bank; and
gave government the power to control
the money supply
federalism - a principle of the United
States Constitution that establishes the
division of power between the federal
government and the states
Federalist - supporter of a strong
federal government
Federalist Papers - series of essay by
Federalists James Madison, Alexander
Hamilton, and John Jay in support of
ratifying the Constitution
feminism - the movement for women's
equality
Feudalism - system of rule by lords
who ruled their own lands but owed
loyally and military service to a monarch
Fifteenth Amendment - in 1869
amendment to the United Slates
Constitution that forbids any state to
deny African Americans the right to vote
because of race
First Amendment - amendment to the
United States Constitution that
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Burmese Version
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trsdL;oma&;0g'wdk@t& ppftiftm;udk wdk;csJ@aom
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tajccHOya'udk jyifqifaom jyifqifcsuf trSwf 15
vlwOD;csif;. tajccH&ydkifcGifhukd tumtuG,f
14
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
safeguards basic individual liberties
First Continental Congress - in 1774,
meeting of delegates from 12 colonies
in Philadelphia
flapper - a modern woman of the
Roaring Twenties
foreign policy - the set of guidelines a
nation follows in its relation with other
nations
Fort Sumter - a federal fort in the
harbor of Charleston, South Carolina at
which the first battle of the Civil War
took place on April 12, 1861
forty-niner - one of the more than
80,000 people who joined the gold rush
to California in 1849
Founding Fathers - leaders who laid
the groundwork for the United States
Fourteen Points - President Wilson's
goals for peace after World War I
free enterprise system - economic
system in which business are owned by
private citizens who decide what to
produce, how much to produce, and
what prices to charge
free market - economic system in
which goods and services are
exchanged with little regulation
freedmen - men and women who had
been slaves
Freedmen's Bureau - government
agency founded during Reconstruction
to help former slaves
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
ay;&ef tar&duefjynfaxmifpk. tajccHOya'udk
jyifqifaom jyifqifcsuf trSwf 1
a*smf*sD,mrSwyg;usef 12jynfe,facgif;aqmifwdk@ zDv
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15
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Free-Soil party - bipartisan antislavery
party founded in the United States in
1848 to keep slavery out of the western
territories
French and Indian War - a war that
took place from 1754 to 1763 that led to
the end of French power in North
America
French Revolution - a 1789 rebellion
in France that ended the French
monarchy for a time
Fugitive Slave Act - law passed in
1850 that required all citizens to aid in
the capture of runaway slaves
fundamentalism - the belief that
scripture should be read as the literal
word of God and followed without
question
BURMESE
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G
“Gentlemen's Agreement" - a 1907
agreement between the United States
and Japan to limit Japanese
immigration
Gettysburg Address - speech made
by President Lincoln in 1863 after the
Battle of Gettysburg
Gilded Age - the period in American
history from the 1870s to the 1890s,
marked by political corruption and
extravagant spending
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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rsm;ukd vljzLrsm;wufaomausmif;rSm vufcHzdk@ausmif;
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16
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
global warming - the slow but steady
rise in the world's average temperature
Good Neighbor Policy - President
Franklin Roosevelt's policy intended to
strengthen friendly relations with Latin
America
graduated income tax - tax on
earnings that charges different rates for
different income levels
grandfather clause - law that excused
a voter from a literacy test if his father
or grandfather had been eligible to vote
on January 1, 1867
Great Awakening - religious movement
in the English colonies in the early
1700s
Great Compromise - plan at the
Constitutional Convention that settled
the differences between large and small
states
Great Depression - worst period of
economy decline in United States
history beginning in 1929
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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t&m&Sdrsm; vm'f pm;r_rsm;jzif@ qdk;0g;aom taumif;
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17
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
BURMESE
H
habeas corpus - the right not to be
held in prison without first being
charged with a specific crime
Holocaust - slaughter of Europe’s Jews
by the Nazis before and during Word
War II
House of Burgesses - representative
assembly in colonial Virginia
House of Representatives - the larger
of the two bodies that makes up the
legislative branch of the United States
government
Hundred Days - first hundred days of
President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s
presidency
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I
ILGWU (International Ladies' Garment
Workers Union) - Union of garment
workers formed in 1900
Impeach - to bring charges of serious
wrongdoing against a public official
imperialism - policy of powerful
countries seeking to control the
economic and political affairs of weaker
countries or regions
inauguration - ceremony in which the
President officially takes the oath of
office
indentured servant - person who
agreed to work without wages for a
period of time in exchange for passage
to the colonies
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
1900wGife,l;a,muf+rdK@rSm zGJ@cJ@aom EkdifiHwum
xnfcsKyfESifht0wftxnfvkyfief;qdkif&m trsdK;orD;
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usdefqdkaom EkdifiHawmftcrf;tem;
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pdkufay;xm;ygu 3ESpfrS7ESpftxd vkyfcr,l yJ
tvkyfvkyfay;I jyefqyfygrnf[laom uwdjzifh
18
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Indian Removal Act - law passed in
1830 that force Native Americans to
move west of the Mississippi River
Industrial Revolution - gradual
process by which machines replaced
hand tools
inflation - a rise in prices and a
decrease in the value of money
infrastructure - system of roads,
bridges, and tunnels
integration - mixing of different racial
or ethnic groups
Intolerable Acts - series of laws
passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the
Tea Party
Islam - monotheistic religion founded
by the prophet Muhammad in the early
600s
Isolationist - after World War I,
American who wanted the United
States to stay out of world affairs
BURMESE
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J
Jay's Treaty - a 1795 agreement
between Britain and the United States
that called for Britain to pay damages
for seized American ships and to give
up forts it still held in the West
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
1795wGif tar&duefESif@+Adwdefwdk@ 2zufvHk;vufcH Ekdif
aom pmcsKyfudk *|eaf *s;uoGm;a&mufcsKyfqdk&mwGif
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19
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Jim Crow laws - laws that separated
people of different races in public
places in the South
judicial branch - branch of government
that decides if laws are carried out fairly
judicial review - power of the Supreme
Court to decide whether the acts of a
President or laws passed by Congress
are constitutional
judiciary Act - a 1789 law that created
the structure of the Supreme Court and
set up a system of district courts and
circuit courts for the nation
jury duty - the responsibility of every
citizen to serve on a jury when called
BURMESE
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K
kamikaze - World War II Japanese pilot
trained to make a suicidal crash attack,
usually upon a ship
Kentucky and Virginia resolutions declarations passed in 1798 and 1799
that claimed that each state has the
right to decide whether a federal law is
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
'kwd,urBmppftwGif; *syefavol&Jrsm;udkrdrdav,mOf
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20
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
constitutional
Khmer Rouge - communist party in
Cambodia that imposed a reign of terror
on Cambodian citizens
Knights of Labor - an American labor
organization founded in 1869 to protect
the rights of workers
Ku Klux Klan - secret society
organized in the South after the Civil
War to reassert white supremacy by
means of violence
BURMESE
aom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk 1798ESifh1799wdk@wGif
twnfjyKcJ@aom twnfjyKcsufrsm;
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L
laissez faire - idea that government
should play as small a role as possible
in economic affairs
League of Nations - association of
nations formed after World War I under
Wilson’s Fourteen Points plan
League of the Iroquois - alliance of
the five Iroquois nations
League of Women Voters organization established in 1920 to
promote rights for women
legislative branch - branch of
government that passes laws
legislature - group of people who have
the power to make laws
Lend Lease Act - during World War II,
the law allowed the United States to sell
arms and equipment to Britain
Liberty Bonds - bonds sold by the
United States government to raise
money for World War I
limited government - a principle of the
United States that states that
government has only the powers that
the constitution gives it
literacy test - examination to see if a
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
pD;yGm;a&;udpPrsm;wGif tpdk;&taejzifh 0ifa&mufpGuf
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21
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
person can read and write; used in the
past to restrict voting rights
Louisiana Purchase - vast territory
between Mississippi River and Rocky
Mountains, purchased from France in
1803
Loyalist - colonist who remained loyal
to Britain
lynch - for a mob to illegally seize and
execute someone
BURMESE
a&S;umvY 4if;pmar;yGJudk toHk;jyKum rJay;cGifhrsm; udk
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M
Magna Carta - signed in 1215, a British
document that contained two basic
ideas: monarchs themselves have to
obey the laws and citizens have basic
rights
Manifest Destiny - 1800s belief that
Americans had the right to spread
across the continent
Marshall Plan - American plan to help
European nations rebuild their
economies after World War II
martial law - rule by the army instead
of the elected government
mass production - process of making
large quantities of a product quickly and
cheaply
Mayflower Compact - a 1620
agreement for ruling the Plymouth
Colony
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
bk&ifpepf. oufOD;qHydkiftm%mudkpwif uef@owf
EkdifcJ@aom ordkif;0if+Adwdef. vufwifbmomjzif@
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udk;uG,fvdkolwdkonf f+Adwed frStar&duefodk@ arzvm;
22
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
mercantilism - theory that a nation’s
economic strength came from keeping
a strict control over its colonial trade
mercenary - soldier who fights merely
to pay, often for a foreign country
mestizo - in Spain’s American colonies,
person of mixed Spanish and Indian
background
militarism - the policy of building up
strong armed forces to prepare for war
militia - army of citizens who serve as
soldiers during an emergency
minuteman - colonial militia volunteer
who was prepared to fight at a minute's
notice
Missouri Compromise - agreement,
proposed in 1819 by Henry Clay, to
keep the number of slave and free
states equal
Monroe Doctrine - President Monroe's
foreign policy statement warning
European nations not to interfere in
Latin America
moral diplomacy - President Wilson's
policy of condemning imperialism,
spreading democracy, and promoting
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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csrf;a&;udkydkrdk t&SdefjrSifhwifjcif;udk orw0Dvqifu
23
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
peace
Mormons - members of the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
founded by Joseph Smith in 1830
moving assembly line - method of
production in which workers stay in one
place as products edge along a moving
belt
muckraker - journalist who exposed
corruption and other problems of the
late 1800s and early 1900s
Munich Conference - a 1938 meeting
of the leaders of Britain, France, Italy,
and Germany at which an agreement
was signed giving part of
Czechoslovakia to Hitler
BURMESE
a&G;aumufyJu
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tar&duef. EkdifiHjcm;a&;0g' odk@aomf yxrurBmppf
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N
NAACP (National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People) organization founded in 1909 to work
toward equal fights for African
Americans
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) - government
agency that directs the American space
program
National Woman Suffrage
Association - group set up in 1869 to
work for a constitutional amendment to
give women the right to vote
nationalism - excessive pride in one's
nation
nativism - antiforeign belief opposed to
immigration
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
vljzLr[kwfaom tjcm;ta&mif&Sdvlrsm;. tcGif@
ta&;rsm;twGuf wjynfvHk;qdkif&m ta&mif&Sdolrsm;
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um wjcm;wjynfw&GmrS ajymif;vmolrsm;twGuf
24
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Navajo code-talkers - during World II,
Navajo soldiers who used their own
language to radio vita messages during
the island-hopping campaign
Navigation Acts - series of English
laws in the 1650s that regulated trade
between England and its colonies
Nazi - member of the National Socialist
German Workers' Party
Nazi-Soviet Pact - agreement signed
between Hitler and Stalin in 1939 in
which the two dictators agreed not to
attack each other
Neutrality Acts - series of laws passed
by Congress in 1935 that banned arms
sales or loans to countries at war
Neutrality Proclamation - a 1793
statement by President Washington that
the United States would not support or
aid either France or Britain in their
European conflict
New Deal - program of President
Franklin D. Roosevelt to end the Great
Depression
New Jersey Plan - plan at the
Constitutional Convention, favored by
smaller states, that called for three
branches of government with a single
chamber legislature
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
tcGif@ta&;udk uef@owfcsufxm;aom rl0g'
tar&dueftaemufawmifydkif;u|ef;rsm;ay:ae eAm;
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udkvdkeDEkdifiHrsm;xHrS a&a=umif;qdkif&mukefoG,fr_ txl;
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ppfa&;jyifqifv#uf 'kwd,urBmppfudk jzpfapcJ@onf
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jynfe,frsm;ydkrdktcGifhta&;&apzdk@,cif tajccHOya'
ta[mif;ESifhruGmjcm;aom jynfe,fwckudk,fpm;
vnf rJwrJpDomxm;&efwifjyaom e,l;*smpDudk,fpm;
25
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
"New South" - term to describe the
South in the late 1800s when efforts
were made to expand the economy by
building up industry
Nineteenth Amendment – a 1919
amendment to the United States
Constitution that gives women the right
to vote
North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA) - treaty among
the United States, Canada, and Mexico
to gradually remove tariffs and other
trade barriers
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) - alliance formed in 1949 by the
United States and Western European
nations to fight Soviet aggression
nullification - idea that a state has the
right to nullify, or cancel, a federal law
that the state leaders consider to be
unconstitutional
Nuremberg Trials -Nazi war crimes
trial held in 1945 and 1946
BURMESE
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jynfwGif;ppfjzpf+yD;aemuf awmifydkif;jynfe,frsm;tae
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wp wdk;jrSifha&; tpDtpOfrsm;
tar&duefESifh taemufOa&myEkdifiH rsm;wdk@. ppfat;
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udkjynfe,fwcktaejzifh yg,fzsufcGif@&Sda=umif; jynfe,f
tm;ay;xm;aom jynfe,f.vkyfydkifcGifhtawG;tac:
'kwd,urBmppft+yD;1945-46wGifppftwGif;usL;vGef
cJ@aomemZDppf&mZ0wfaumifrsm;udkcHk&Hk;wifppfjcif;
O
Olive Branch Petition - peace petition
sent to King George by colonial
delegates after the battles of Lexington
and Concord
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries) - multinational
organization that sets a common policy
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
yxrqHk;wdkufyJjG zpfaomrefqmcsLqufjynfe,fuGef
aumh/vufqifwefwdk@wGif +Adwdo#ppfwyfESifh&ifqdkif &
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xm;onf@ a&eHxkwfvkyfaomEkdifiHrsm;tzGJ@ tdkyuf
26
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
for the sale of petroleum
Oregon Country - term used in the
early 1800s for the region that includes
present-day Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, and parts of Wyoming, Montana,
and Canada
Oregon Trail - route to Oregon used by
wagon trains in the 1800s
Override - to overrule, as when
Congress overrules a presidential veto
BURMESE
18&mpkapmydkif;umv t*Fvdyf/jyifopf/pydef/&k&Sm;wdk@
pkaygif;ydkifqdkif=u&mae&m/ vuf&Sd tdk&D*Gef/0g&Sifwef/
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odk@oGm;&m awmifwef;rsm;udk jzwfausmfItqifajyqHk;
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uoHk;aom yg,fzsufjcif;
P
pacifist - person who objects to any
war, believe war is evil
Parliament - representative assembly
in England
Patriot - colonist who favored war
against Britain
patriotism - feeling of love and
devotion toward one's country
Peace Corps - government
organization that sends American
volunteers to developing countries to
teach or give technical advice
Pennsylvania Dutch - Germanspeaking Protestants who settled in
Pennsylvania
Persian Gulf War - a 1991 war in
which the United Slates and its UN
allies drove invading Iraqi forces out of
neighboring Kuwait
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
ppf[lor#udk raumif;r_[k,HkrSwfum ppfyGJ[lor#udk
qef@usifaom +idrf;csrf;a&;0g'D
t*FvefwGifusifhoHk;aom udk,fpm;vnfrsm;pka0;um
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umtD&wfppfwyfudk1991wGifarmif;xkwfcJ@aom
27
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Pilgrims - In the 1600s, English settlers
who sought religious freedom in the
Americas
plantation - large estate farmed by
many workers
poll tax - tax required before a person
can vote
Pontiac's War – in 1763 conflict
between Native Americans and the
British over settlement of Indian lands in
the Great Lakes area
Potsdam Declaration - message sent
by the Allies in July 1945 calling for
Japanese surrender
presidio – fort where soldiers lived in
the Spanish colonies
primary - election in which voters
choose their party’s candidate for the
general election
primary source - firsthand information
about people or events
Proclamation of 1763 - law forbidding
English colonist to settle west of the
Appalachian Mountains
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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28
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Progressive - reformer in the late
1800s and early 1900s who wanted to
improve American life
Prohibition - ban on the manufacture,
sale, and transportation of liquor
anywhere in the United States from
1920 to 1933
proprietary colony - English colony in
which the king gave land to proprietors
in exchange for a yearly payment
Puritans - group of English Protestants
who settled the Massachusetts Bay
Colony
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Quakers - Protestant reformers who
believe in the equality of all people
quota system - system that limited
immigration by allowing only a certain
number of people from each country to
immigrate to the United States
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R
racism - belief that one race is superior
to another
Reaganomics - President Reagan's
economic program that cut taxes, cut
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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29
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
federal spending on social programs,
and increased military spending
recession - economic slump that is
milder than a depression
Reconstruction - rebuilding of the
South after the Civil War
referendum - process by which people
vote directly on a bill
refugee - person who leaves his or her
homeland to seek safety elsewhere
religious tolerance - willingness to let
others practice their own beliefs
representative government - political
system in which voters elect
representatives to make laws for them
republic - system of government in
which citizens choose representatives
to govern them
reservation - limited area set aside for
Native Americans
Roosevelt Corollary - statement by
Theodore Roosevelt that the United
States had a right to intervene in Latin
America to preserve law and order
royal colony - colony under the direct
control of the English crown
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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30
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
BURMESE
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S
SALT Agreement (Strategic Arms
Limitation Talk) - treaty between the
United States and the Soviet Union to
limit the number of nuclear warheads
and missiles
satellite nation - nation that is
dominated politically and economically
by a more powerful nation
Second Amendment - amendment to
the United Slates Constitution related to
the right to bear arms
secondary source - account provided
after the fact by people who did not
directly witness or participate in the
event
segregation - legal separation of
people based or racial, ethnic, or other
differences
Selective Service Act - law passed by
Congress in 1917 that required all men
from ages 21 to 30 to register for the
military draft
Senate – the smaller of the two bodies
that make up the legislative branch of
the United States government
Seneca Falls Convention - an 1848
meeting at which leaders of the
women's rights movement called for
equal rights for women
separation of powers - principle by
which the powers of government are
divided among separate branches
sharecropper - person who rents a plot
of land from another person and farms
it in exchange for a share of the crop
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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31
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Shays' Rebellion - an 1786 revolt in
Massachusetts led by farmers in
reaction to high taxes
Sherman Antitrust Act - an 1890 law
that banned the formation of trusts and
monopolies in the United States
silent majority - term for Americans
who were disturbed by unrest in the
1960s but did not protest publicly
slave code - laws that controlled the
lives of enslaved African Americans and
denied them basic rights
Social Security Act - a 1935 law that
set up a system of pensions for older
people and set up the nation's first
system of unemployment insurance
Socialist - person who support
community ownership of property and
the sharing of all profits
Solidarity - independent labor union
that challenged Poland's communist
government
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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32
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
soup kitchen - place where food is
provided to the needy at little or no
charge
Spanish-American War - war between
Spain and the United States in 1898
spinning Jenny - machine developed
in 1764 that could spin several threads
at once
Square Deal - Theodore Roosevelt's
campaign promise that all groups would
have an equal opportunity to succeed
Stamp Act - a 1765 law that placed
new duties on legal documents, and
taxed newspapers, almanacs, playing
cards, and dice
Star Wars - President Reagan's
proposed weapons system to destroy
Soviet missiles from space
states' rights - the right of states to
limit the power of the federal
government
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
(START) - a 1991 treaty signed by the
United States and Soviet Union to
reduce nuclear weapons
suffrage - the right to vote
suffragist - person who worked for
women's right to vote
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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33
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Supreme Court - highest court in the
United States established by the
Constitution
sweatshop - workplace where people
labor long hours in poor conditions for
low pay
BURMESE
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Tea Act - a 1773 law that let the British
East India Company bypass tea
merchants and sell directly to colonists
Ten Percent Plan - Lincoln's plan that
allowed a southern state to form a new
government after 10 percent of its
voters swore an oath of loyalty to the
United States
tepee - tent made by stretching buffalo
skins on tall poles
terrorism - deliberate use of violence to
spread fear and achieve political goals
Thanksgiving - day at the end of the
harvest season set aside by the
Pilgrims to give thanks to God
Thirteenth Amendment - an 1865
amendment in the United States
Constitution that bans slavery throughout the nation
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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34
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
38th parallel - dividing line between
South Korea and North Korea
Three-Fifths Compromise agreement at the Constitutional
Convention that three fifths of the
slaves in any state be counted in its
population
totalitarian state - country where a
single party controls the government
and every aspect of people's lives
town meeting - meeting in colonial
New England where settlers discussed
and voted on issues
Townshend Acts - laws passed In
1767 that taxed goods such as glass,
paper, paint, lead, and tea
Trail of Tears - forced ,journey of the
Cherokee Indians from Georgia to a
region west of the Mississippi during
which thousands of Cherokees died
transcontinental railroad - railroad
that stretches across a continent from
coast to coast
Treaty of Ghent - peace treaty signed
by Britain and the United States at the
end of the War of 1812
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
BURMESE
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35
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo - an
1648 treaty in which Mexico gave up
California and New Mexico to the
United States for $15 million
Treaty of Paris - a 1763 agreement
between Britain and France that ended
the French and Indian War; peace
treaty between the United States and
Britain, ratified in 1783, that recognized
the United Stales as an Independent
nation
Treaty of Versailles - treaty signed on
June 28, 1919, by Germany and the
Allies; formally placed the responsibility
for the war on Germany and its allies
Triangle Fire - fire in 1911 at the
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York
City that killed nearly 150 workers
triangular trade - colonial trade route
between New England, the West Indies,
and Africa
Truman Doctrine President Truman's
policy of giving U.S. aid to nations
threatened by communist expansion
Twenty-sixth Amendment amendment to the United States
Constitution that lowered the minimum
voting age from 21 to 18
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U
U-boat – German submarine used in
World War I and World War II
Uncle Tom's Cabin - an 1852 novel by
Harriet Beecher Stowe written to show
the evils of slavery and the injustice of
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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36
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
the Fugitive Slave Act
Underground Railroad - network of
abolitionists who secretly helped slaves
escape to freedom
United Nations - world organization
established in 1945 to provide peaceful
resolutions to international conflicts
BURMESE
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V
Valley Forge – Pennsylvania site of
Washington’s Continental Army
encampment during the winter of 17771778
Virginia Plan - plan at the
Constitutional Convention that called for
a strong national government with three
branches and a two-chamber
legislature
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W
War Hawks - members of Congress
from the South and the West who called
for war with Britain prior to the War of
1812
War Production Board – government
agency created during World War II to
help factories shift from making
consumer goods to making war
materials
Warsaw Pact – military alliance,
established in 1955, of the Soviet Union
and other communist states in Europe
Whiskey Rebellion – a 1794 protest
over a tax on a liquor made and sold in
the United States
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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37
SUPPLEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY
UNITED STATES HISTORY (Grades 7 and 8)
(NOT TO BE USED FOR ELL TESTING ACCOMMODATION)
ENGLISH
women's right movement - organized
campaign to win property, education,
and other rights for women
writ of assistance - legal document
that allowed British customs officials to
inspect a ship's cargo without giving a
reason
BURMESE
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X YZ
XYZ Affair – a 1797 French attempt to
bribe the United States by demanding
money before discussing French
seizure of neutral American ships
Yankee - nickname for New England
merchants who dominated colonial
trade
Zimmermann telegram - a 1917
telegram sent from Germany’s foreign
secretary to the German minister in
Mexico instructing the minister to urge
Mexico to attack the United States if the
United States declared war on
Germany
ALBETAC 2008-2009
Burmese Version
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38