Glossary
Intermediate School Level
Social Studies
Glossary
English / Urdu
Translation of Social Studies terms based
on the Coursework for Social Studies
Grades 6 to 8.
Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing
accommodations for ELL/LEP students
Last Updated: 08/18/09
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
Education - P-16
Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education
Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies
http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Regents of the University
MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. .......................................................................
MILTON L. COFIELD, Vice Chancellor, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. .........................................................
ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ...............................................................
SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................
JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................
ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ...................................................................................................
GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. .................................................................................
HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ...........................................................................................
JOSEPH E. BOWMAN, JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D.........................................................
JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ...............................................................................................
ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................................
KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................
CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. .............................................................................................................
BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D.....................................................
LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. .....................................................................................
CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ..........................................................................................
WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. .............................................................................................................
New York
Rochester
Tonawanda
New Rochelle
Plattsburgh
Syracuse
Belle Harbor
Hartsdale
Albany
Binghamton
Great Neck
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Bronx
Oakland Gardens
Staten Island
Rochester
Interim President of the University and Commissioner of Education
CAROLE F. HUXLEY
Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P–16
JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER
Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support
JEAN STEVENS
Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language Studies
PEDRO J. RUIZ
Acknowledgements:
The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and
updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State
Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical
Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York
City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education
Translation and Interpretation Unit.
The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran
status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs,
services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or
audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for
Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.
Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
A
abolition
ûĻđIJ ķĂč ûŅ 6ŀĕļĸ &ŁĬŀįŀĸ
abuses
ķĶģ &,ûāđý HŀĸĐĸ &ŁIJŀĶĔďý
acculturation
ûĻûļŞ/ ŀIJ ĀĬûİĄ ÃđĔK7 ŁĕIJ
adaptation
advantages
agrarian
Albany Plan of Union
alien
ûIJ ЭĻûć Ĵľ‫ ڈ‬Įýûġĸ ЭIJ GŀĊûĸ ЭIJ 2ûņĊ A/ŀĻ/ &ĀİĬ/ŀĸ
ĴĹĦ
ďù/ŀĬ &ĥĭĻ
ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ ‫ک‬пĸ/ Łļņĸ: &ŁĦ9:
ΫŅ/ ŀIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9 ¸đņā ĴĚ/) ĺúņĻŀŅ D* IпŞ ŁĻûþĵ/
(ĖėŀIJ ŁĶЛŞ ŁIJ ЭĻûļý Hŀį ¸ďċĂĸ
ŁijĶĸ đņĩ &ŁĕŅ7đŞ &Łþļć/
alliance
¸ďКûĸ &IKûħā &7ûċā/
alliances
ÉďКûĸ &IKûħā &7ûċā/
Allied powers
amendment
American Federation of Labor
American Railway Union
American Revolution
American system (Clay)
ancestor
ancestor worship
animism
Annapolis Convention
anthropology
Anti-Federalists
appeasement
apportionment
architectural drawings
army
Articles of Confederation
artifacts
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ЎņĂįûĠ ďċĂĸ
ûĻđIJ ĀĔ97 &ķņĸđā
đþņĵ D* ĺĘŅ9ŻņĬ ĺIJđņĸ/
ĺúņĻŀŅ ÉŀĶŅ9 ĺIJđņĸ/
0пİĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/
Ã7ûěĂį/ ûIJ 7đĬ ŁĸûĻ “Clay” ЭĶIJ) HûĤĻ ŁijŅđĸ/
(Йýŀěļĸ
7/ďć/ K ûý*
ĖĂĔđŞ K 27ûþĦ ŁIJ 7/ďć/ K ûý*
&ûļĻûĸ Ã9ûĔ K Ã9ûć ŀIJ 5K9 ΫŅ/ Ўņĸ 2/7ûĹć K 2ûāûþĻ
ĀņĹĕĻ
ĺĘļŅŀļIJ ēĵŀşņĻ/
đĘý ķĶĦ
&2ûņĻûĕĻ/ K IûĕĻ/ ķĶĦ
S
S
īĵûĎĸ ЭIJ EûĬK
ŁК/ŀč Āċĵûěĸ
¸9/ŀŐý &ķņĕİā ŁIJ ÃďĔ9 ďěĊ
ŁėûİĻ Łā/đņĹħā
4ŀĬ
¸ďċĂĸ ΫŅ/ ûIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9 ¸đņā ĴĚ/) ĺĘŅ9ŻņĬ D* ĒĶijŏ9*
(ĺņù* Ćù/9 đŞ Эļļý Hŀį
ЭĻŀĹĻ ŁĂħļĚ ķŅďį / Ã9ûIJ ĀĔ7
1
Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
&ûļŅ7 9ûĸ ЭĔ Iûć đŞ ûļý ŁIJ ďùûİĦ ŁþКĐĸ ûŅ ŁĔûņĔ
assassination
ĀIJпК
&ûļŅ7 9ûĸ ЭĔ Iûć đŞ ûļý ŁIJ ďùûİĦ ŁþКĐĸ ûŅ ŁĔûņĔ
assassinations
ЎņĂIJпК
29KûĘĸ ēĶĈĸ / ûĻ‫ڑ‬ŀć
Assembly
:ûýпč
astronauts
ķý ÃđКŀć ûŅ ŁĹŐŅ/
atomic bomb
Łμ7ûĔ ďŅďė &ŁĂĎĔ
austerity
Ã9ûĂĎĸ 7ŀč &ĀŅ7/9/ 7ŀč &Ã7/:* ŁěĎė
autonomy
IûŞûć 9K/ ŁĶŏ/ &Łļĸđć Ўņĸ λļć ŁĹĵûĦ) Ўņāŀį ēĕijŅ/
Axis powers
(7ûċā/ ûIJ
ÃďĚ ЎŅŀĿĵŀĔ ŀć ¸ďļėûý ûIJ ЭĶņþį Łĸûİĸ ЭIJ ŀijņĕijņĸ
Aztecs
ЭĿā ÃKûĊ ±ûКK ЭĶЛŞ ЭĔ ЭþĶĩ ÃŀĻûşĕК Ўņĸ
B
baby boom
banking
Berlin airlift
Berlin Wall
bicameral
bicameral legislature
blitzkrieg
Bolshevik Revolution
bonds
N
1939-1945 ûĚŀěč) ЙĬûĝ/ ŁĸûνļК Ўņĸ Ėù/ďņŞ 5đė
(ďħý ЭIJ II λļć ŁĹĵûĦ ŁIJ
9ûIJ ŀКûĔ &Ã9ûijļņý
ûĻûć Эĵ IûĸûĔ ЭħŅ98 ЭIJ :ûЛć Łù/ŀК Ϋā ĺĵđý
¸ďċņĶĦ ЭĔ Łļĸđć É9ŀŞ 9K/ ĺĵđý ŁįđĘĸ ŀIJ ĺĵđý ŁýđĪĸ
9/ŀŅ7 Łĵ/K ЭĻđIJ
(:ûĔ IŀĻûį ēĶĈĸ ûŅ ŎļĹņĵ9ûŞ) &ŁĻ/ŀŅ/K7
¸9/7/ :ûĔ IŀĻûį Łļþĸ 𪠣Ļ/ŀŅ/ K7
ЭĔ ĀņĻ ŁIJ ЭĻđIJ ĴĚûĊ ĉĂĬ Ã9ŀĬ ŀć ЙĶĹĊ ŁćŀĬ ďŅďė
Эùûć ûņIJ
0пİĻ/ ‫ک‬ŀņĘĵŀý
Āį/ďĚ ûŅ ΫĕĹā ¸7đIJ Ã9ûć ûIJ ĀĸŀijĊ ûŅ ŁļşĹIJ ŁĕIJ
ŻĻûý ûIJ ЭŞK9 &Gûěā/ ŁĹКûý &ЙĸûĻ
ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ ĀĸŀijĊ ŁIJ /ŻņļņIJ ŎijŅ/ ЙijŅđĸ/ Дā9ûĻ Ėŏđý
British North America Act
Buddhism
business
business organization
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ЭIJ /ŻņļņIJ IûĹņĵ9ûŞ 9K/ ЙņĻûĠđý ¸ďċĂĸ ĀijĶĹĸ IûĹņ
ĵ9ûŞ
S
(ЙĶĕĶĔ ûIJ ĺņĻ/ŀį ĺņýûĸ
Āĸ µďý / üКĐĸ ûIJ µďý ķāŀμ
9ûýK9ûIJ
ķņĤļā Ã9ûýK9ûIJ
2
Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
C
Camp David Accord
campaign
Canada
Canadian Bill of Rights
canal
Caribbean
categories
Catholics
census reports
Central America
characteristics
Ўņĸ ‫ڈ‬ŀŅ‫ ڈ‬ŝĹņIJ ûIJ Ĵņù/đĔ/ K đěĸ) :‫ڈ‬9ûIJ/ ‫ڈ‬ŀŅ‫ ڈ‬ŝĹņIJ
(¸ďКûħĸ
ķЛĸ &Łù/K9ûIJ ķĤļĸ Эņĵ ЭIJ ďěİĸ ŁĕIJ
/ŻņļņIJ
EŀİĊ Эù/đý ¸7ŀĕĸ ŁĻŀĻûį ûIJ /ŻņļņIJ
Łý* ŁĦŀļěĸ Эņĵ ЭIJ Łėûşý* ûŅ ĀĬ9Kďĸ* ŁĻK9ďĻ/
đЛĻ &¸ûμ9Ēμ
9K/ ďļЛĵ/ đù/Ēć ŀć ЙįпĦ ¸K ûIJ ;ŀĻûņįK/ đċý) ĺúņþùđIJ
(ЭК ĥį/K Iûņĸ97 ЭIJ ûijŅđĸ/ ŁġĔK
Эć97 &Éđĸ:
о/K ЭļĿIJ9 ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ üКĐĸ ΫĶĿĂņIJ ĺĸK9
Ўņŏ9ŀŞ9 ŁIJ Ã9ûĹė H7đĸ
ûijŅđĸ/ ŁġĔK
2ûņĚŀěč
ŁIJ ĀĸŀijĊ ŀć ĺņĻ/ŀį ЭIJ ±ŀņù/K99ûIJ ûŅ GûāǼŞ ŵĻûć
checks and balances
ŁIJ ЭĻŀК đāđý ЭĔ 6ûė ÃđĔK7 ŀIJ 6ûė ΫŅ/ ŁĕIJ
ЎņĿIJ9 9/đįđý I:/ŀā Ã9ûņĂč/ 9K/ ЎŅđIJ ĀĹĊ/Ēĸ
chemical warfare
λļć ŁùûņĹIJ
child labor
Ã9K7Ēĸ ŁĶĭĠ
Christianity
chronological order
chronology
civil service
Civil War
clan
ĀņùûĕņĦ
üņāđā ŁĎŅ9ûā ŁIJ 2ûħį/K
Эņĵ ЭIJ ЭĻđIJ 2ûĸŀĶħĸ ČŅ9ûā K üņāđā ŁIJ 2ûħį/K
Йħĵûġĸ ûIJ ¸đņĩK 9ûĄ* K ±ŀĂė/77ûŅ
Йþħė о/K ЭļĿIJ9 ĮĶħā ЭĔ ĀĸŀijĊ HûĤĂĻ/
Łνļć ЙĻûč
ЙĶņþį
¸ďċĂĸ ЙİýûĔ 9K/ ûijŅđĸ/ Ϋā 1940-1990) 9/K ŻĵŀIJ
Cold War
7đĔ &ЭĶýûİĸ đņĪý ЭIJ ĀĵûĊ Łνļć ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ŎŅKŀĔ
(ûĞĬ ŁIJ ŁļĹė7 &λļć
collapse
commerce
common good
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ûĻ9ûК ĀĹК &ûĻđμ &ûĻŀК HûIJûĻ &ûĻđμ ûIJ 29ûĹĦ ŁĕIJ
N
ЭĻûĹņŞ ÉǼý ûĚŀěč ĀčKđĬ K ďŅđč &Ãđμ/7ŀĔ &29ûĈā
ğý/K9 ŁćûĹĔ &đŞ
HûĦ 5пĬ / 2ûĦŀļěĸ HûĦ
3
Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
communism
communist nations
competition
compromise
Compromise of 1850
Confucianism
conscription
Conservation Day
Constitutional Amendments
Constitutional Convention
construction
consumer society
consumption
containment
continental congress
convention
cooperation
corollary
corporation
corruption
cotton
court cases
credit
Cuban missile crisis
URDU
ĀņIJ/đĂė/
Ўņĸŀį ŁIJ/đĂė/
ЙĶýûİĸ
Йņĭěā / ûāŀĿĈĹĔ
Йņĭěā ûIJ 1850
ēėŀņĭļIJ ĺŅ7
S
N
Эņĵ ЭIJ 4ŀĬ ûĚŀěč ŁāđĿý Ãđþć Ã9ûIJđĔ
I7 ûIJ ,ûŷý K Ģĭċā
2ûĹņĸđā Łļņù*
(Эņĵ ЭIJ ķņĸđā ŁijĔ/ ûŅ ЭĻûļŞ/ ĺņù* ûņĻ) ēĶĈĸ Łļņù*
ĴņijĘā &đņĹħā
9K/ ŁĔûijĻ ŁIJ IûĸûĔ Ўņĸ ēć ¸đėûħĸ ûIJ ĺņĬ9ûĚ
ŀК HûĦ ¸7ûĭĂĔ/ ЭĔ 2ûĸďč
ĴĹĦ ûIJ Ã9/ďŅđč K }đč &DđĚ
7KďĊ / ЭĻđIJ 0ûýďĔ ûIJ 2/đĄ/ īĵûĎĸ ûŅ ΫĶĸ ĺĹė7
ŁĕņĵûŞ ûŅ Łù/K99ûIJ ŁIJ ЭļĿIJ9 Ўņĸ
ĀĸŀijĊ ŁİņİĊ ŁĶЛŞ ŁIJ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9
7/79/đį K ¸ďКûħĸ ŁĹĔ9 / ЙĕĶć / ĴĹĦ ĮŅđĠ
Łć/K9
S
IKûħā
đŞ 9ŀĠ Ã9ŀĬ &ЙĈņĂĻ ŁļĹĝ ûIJ ЭņĞį ¸ďė ĀýûĄ ŁĕIJ
ĴĚûĊ ûŅ ЙĈņĂĻ Łİġļĸ &ďĸ*đý
¸9/7/ ķĤļĸ
ŁĻ/ŀļĦďý / ‫ڑ‬ûνý Łįпč/
ŁāŀĔ / ûIJ ŁùK9
Эĸďİĸ ŁĂĵ/ďĦ
Gûĸ đŞ 9ûþĂĦ/ Łā/8 / ĒņŶ ûĔKđĿý Ĵýûį
/ D/đĂĦ/ ûIJ Łýŀč
S
ĀĦûġĂĔ/ ŁIJ ЭĻďŅđč
ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 I/9K7 ЭIJ 9/K ŻĵŀIJ) ēĕù/đIJ Ĵù/Ēĸ ĺýŀņIJ
(ЙĶýûİĸ ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ûýŀņIJ 9K/ ŎŅKŀĔ ¸ďċĂĸ ЙİýûĔ &¸ďċĂĸ
cultural diffusion
ûļĶņĿŞ Ўņĸ ±ŀİĶĊ ÉđĔK7 ûIJ 2/đĄ/ ŁĂĬûİĄ
cultural diversity
Aŀļā ŁĂĬûİĄ
cultural identity
Āčûļė ŁĂĬûİĄ
cultural patterns
ЭĻŀĹĻ ŁĂĬûİĄ
cultural understanding
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
2ûĔûĕĊ/ ЙĻ/79ďĹК ŁĂĬûİĄ
4
Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
Āįŀĵ/ Ćù/9 )ЙijĔ
currency
D
ăċý
debate
Democratic Party
ĀĦûĹć Ã9ŀЛĹć
democratic society
¸đėûħĸ Ã9ŀЛĹć
depression
ЙĻûĸ: ûIJ ŁĂĕŞ Łėûħĸ &Łμ7đĕĬ/ ŁùûЛĂĻ/
depressions
ЙĻûĸ: ûIJ ŁĂĕŞ Łėûħĸ &Łμ7đĕĬ/ ŁùûЛĂĻ/
deregulation
ûĻûŐК ÃďļýûŞ ûŅ Эġýûĝ
direct election of Senators
direct versus indirect election
0ûĎĂĻ/ ĀĔ/9 ¸/đý
ûIJ :đŐņļņĔ
S
2ûýûĎĂĻ/ ЙġĔ/ŀĵûý ЙĶýûİĹý ЙġĔ/Kпý
ĴĸûĊ ûIJ Ã9KĐħĸ / ûĻđIJ HKđċĸ ЭĔ ĀņĚŀěč ŁĕIJ
disabled
пĂþĸ Ўņĸ É9ûĕč / IûěİĻ
disadvantages
ûļņĵ Эĵ ЙċĶĔ/ ЭĔ 4ŀĬ
disarmament
ЙŅK9 ЙĻûĭĵûĎĸ &ûļāđý :ûņĂĸ/ &üěħā
discrimination
±ûŅ9ûĹņý / >/đĸ/
diseases
ЙĭĕĶĬ ŁāûŅđĤĻ &ďùûİĦ ŁĔûņĔ ûŅ ŁļŅ7 &ЙĸûĻ ĀŅ/ďК
doctrine
ŁνĻûč / ŀĶŅđĿμ
domestic
ŁĕņĵûŞ ŁνĻûč
domestic policy
ЭĸûνļК Dпč ЭIJ ŁāđĿý Ãđþć Ўņĸ 4ŀĬ
draft riots
/ŻņļņIJ K ûijŅđĸ/ I/9K7 ЭIJ 1930-1940) ±ûņľďĻ* ďŅďė
ŁĂĦ/9: 9K/ ŁāûņĵŀĊûĸ ĀįK ЭIJ ŁĵûĔ ΫĘč ĺņνļĔ Ўņĸ
Dust Bowl
(ûŅûŷļЛŞ IûěİĻ
E
Eastern Hemisphere
economic development
economies (traditional, command,
market, and mixed)
elastic clause
electoral
>9/ ¸đIJ ŁįđĘĸ
Łįđā Ã7ûěĂį/
9K/ &ÃŻļĸ 7/:* &ďļý Йýŀěļĸ &ŁĂŅ/K9) 2ûŅ7ûěĂį/
(?ŀĶĎĸ
(18 Ēć ûIJ 8 ĺĘijņĔ ЭIJ ĺņù* ŁijŅđĸ/) Ēć 9/ďijŷĵ
0ûĎĂĻ/ ЙİĶĊ
emancipation
ûĻđIJ 7/:* ЭĔ Łĸпĩ ûŅ <ďļý ŁĔûņĔ ûŅ ŁćûĹĔ &ŁĻŀĻûį
Emancipation Proclamation
(ďħý ЭIJ Łνļć ЙĻûč ŁijŅđĸ/) IпĦ/ ûIJ Ã7/:* ЭĔ Łĸпĩ
Embargo Act
emergence
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ĀijĶĹĸ ¸ďċĂĸ Ўņĸ 1806-1808 ûIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 )
ŎijŅ/ ûIJ ÃďļýûŞ đŞ 29ûĈā (Dпč ЭIJ
ûĻđĿý/ &ûļĶijĻ &Łμďĸ*đý &9ŀЛģ
5
Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
đĠûč ĮĶħā &Ã79ďĹК ŁļК8
empathy
ûĻđIJ ďùûĦ ûŅ ĐĬûĻ IŀĻûį
enforce laws
ÃĒŅđνĻ/
English
English colonies (New England,
Middle Atlantic, Southern)
(Łýŀļć &;ŀĻûņį/ ŁġĔK &ŻļņĶνĻ/ ŀņĻ) ±ûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ ÃĒŅđνĻ/
Ўņĸ ēć đijĬ :đĠ
ûIJ ÃŀĕņĦ ÃďĚ 18th / Łĵûņč ĺėK9
S
ЭК 9K: đŞ ĀŅ7/đĭĻ/ 9K/ Ĵİħā ĴýûİĹĵûý ЭIJ ĀŅ/K9
Enlightenment
EŀİĊ ÃKûĕĸ
equal rights
Ãđý/đý
equality
ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 I/9K7 ЭIJ 1815-24) Łĵûņč <ŀč )ЙĻûĸ:
Era of Good Feelings
9/ďþĻûć Ўņĸ ēć 9K7 ûIJ ČŅ9ûā ŁĔûņĔ ŁIJ ¸ďċĂĸ
(ŁĿā ŁŐĿμ ŁĎĶā ŁIJ ±ŀņĂŅûĹĊ
ûĻûŞ 2ûĈĻ ûŅ ĒŅđμ ЭĔ ĀİņİĊ / ĀŅ9/đĬ
escapism
ûĻđIJ ĴĚûĊ 2ûĸŀĶħĸ ЭĔ 9ŀĠ Йņĭč &ÃđþĎĸ &ŁĔŀĔûć
espionage
Espionage Act of 1917
ŎijŅ/ ûIJ ŁĔŀĔûć 1917
&HûĤĻ ûŅ ¸9/7/ Łĸ/ŀĦ ûŅ Ã9ûýK9ûIJ &ĴĹĦ ûIJ ĴņijĘā
establishment
ЙĹijċĸ
ĀņĶĕĻ
ethnic
ethnic backgrounds
ethnic neighborhoods
đĤļĸ ēŞ ŁĶĕĻ
ЭįпĦ ŁāûĬûĞĸ ŁĶĕĻ
ûĻđIJ ЙĶýûİĸ ЭĔ 9/ďį/ ŁļŞ/ ûIJ ±ŀĂĬûİĄ 9K/ ±ŀĶĕĻ ÃđĔK7
ethnocentrism
7ûċā/ ŁŞ9ŀŅ
European Union
ÃďļĕŞ ĥņĔŀā
expansionism
F
fact/opinion
famine
Far West
farmer
fauna
federal
“federal” (“national”) government
Federal Reserve Act
federal system
federal union
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
Эù/9 / ĀņİņİĊ
ğċį &ĀĶį ďŅďė ŁIJ /Đĩ
ďņħý 0đĪĸ
S
9ûijĂėûIJ / IûĕIJ
2ûĻ/ŀņĊ ЭIJ Эġč ŁĕIJ
ŁįûĬK &ÃĒIJđĸ
ĀĸŀijĊ ("Łĸŀį") "ŁįûĬK"
ŎijŅ/ ûIJ ЭĄûĄ/ ŁįûĬK
HûĤĻ ŁįûĬK
7ûċā/ ŁįûĬK
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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URDU
ÃďļĕŞ EûĬK / ĀņįûĬK
Federalism
Federalist Papers
2/ĒŅKûĂĔ7 ЭIJ EûĬK
ŁĸûĊ ЭIJ EûĬK
Federalists
¸ďļėûý ûIJ ĺņşņĶĬ
Filipinos
financial institutions
First Continental Congress
É9/7/ Łĵûĸ
Ĵýûįû
Ļ ЭIJ IûĹņĵ9ûŞ ÃŀĻûĠđý) ēŅđνĻûIJ ĴŐļļņŐĻûIJ ŁĶЛŞ
S
¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 Ўņĸ 0/ŀć ЭIJ ЭĻđIJ 9ŀĤļĸ ŎijŅ/ Gŀþį
(ēĶĈĸ ŁĶЛŞ ŁIJ IûμďļùûĹĻ ЭIJ ±ŀŅ7ûý*ŀĻ ¸đņā Ўņĸ
2ûāûþĻ ЭIJ ЭįпĦ =ûč ŁĕIJ
flora
ŁijĶĸ đņĩ
foreign
7/ďĸ/ ŁijĶĸ đņĩ
foreign aid
ÃŻļĸ Ã9ûýK9ûIJ ŁijĶĸ đņĩ
foreign markets
foreign policy
ŁĕņĵûŞ ŁijĶĸ đņĩ
foreign trade
29ûĈā ŁijĶĸ đņĩ
(Hûİĸ ûIJ +ďĂý/ ŁIJ Łνļć ЙĻûč ŁijŅđĸ/) đŐĹĔ p9ŀĬ
Fort Sumter
Fourteen Points
(ЭùŀК Iûņý Ўņĸ đŅđİā ŁIJ ĺĕĵK K9‫ڈ‬KK 9ďĚ) 2ûijĻ ¸7ŀŶ
franchise
/đć/ ŀIJ ŁĕIJ ЭĔ DđĠ ŁIJ ŁļşĹIJ ŁĕIJ &ŁК7 Эù/9 ĮĊ
S
ĮĊ ûIJ ЭĻпŶ 9ûýK9ûIJ ûŅ Ã9ûIJ ĀčKđĬ о/K ЭĻûć ûņIJ
/ŀК 6đĔ Йė ЭĔ IŀŐļŅ/ 6đĔ Ўņĸ ĺŐĔŀý) ĴŅđŏ HŻŅđĬ
ûIJ ±ŀā9ûĹĦ ķК/ đŞ 9ŀĠ ČŅ9ûā ЙĵŀĔ ķŅďį K ďŅďć ŀć ЙĂĔ/9
freedom trail
(ЭК ûā/đIJ ¸9K7
French and Indian War
French Revolution
French-Canadian
λļć ĺņùŻĻ/ (Łùûý*) 9K/ ŁĕņĕĻ/đĬ
0пİĻ/ ŁĕņĕĻ/đĬ
ĺùŻņļņIJ - ŁĕņĕĻ/đĬ
ďĊđĔ
frontier
fugitive slave laws
ĺņĻ/ŀį ĮĶħĂĸ ЭIJ (ŁĕŞ/K ŁIJ) ±ŀĸпĩ 9/đĬ
G
gender
genocide
global economy
“Good Neighbor Policy”
graduated income tax
Grange
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ēļć īļĚ
S
ķЛĸ ŁIJ 29ûĩ K ĴĂį ЭIJ Hŀį ûŅ ¸Kđμ ŁĕIJ &ŁĘIJ ĴĕĻ
2ûŅ7ûěĂį/ ŁĹĵûĦ
ŁĔKǼŞ ûĿŶ/" Эņĵ ЭIJ ±ŀijĶĸ ЭùûĕĹК ЭļŞ/ ŁIJ ЙijŅđĸ/
"ŁĕĵûŞ
ēijņŏ ŁĻďĸ* о/K ЭļľǼý ДāûĔ ЭIJ 9/ďİĸ
ŁĶŅŀĊ ŁIJ 9/ďļņĸ:
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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URDU
(IûĂĕŶûijĔ/ 9K/ ĒĶŅK &IûĂĕĶνĻ/) ĺŏđý ŎŅđμ
Great Britain
;пć/ ûIJ ÉďКûħĸ ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9 ÃǼý 9K/ ŁŏŀĿŶ
Great Compromise
Łúμ ŁIJ ĖņŞ ĒŅŀĈā ŁIJ É9/7/ :ûĔ IŀĻûį ŁĻ/ŀŅ/ K7 ±ûЛć
ŁĿā
IûĻŀŅ
Greece
Эļý Эúĵ ЭIJ Эĵ/ŀĊ ЭIJ 2ûĸûİĸ đŞ ЭĘİĻ / Łĵûć 'ЙĶνļć
grids
?ŀġč ЭùŀК
H
Harlem Renaissance
HûĬ ¸ûņĔ ûIJ ±K9ŀĘĻ/7 9K/ ±K9ûIJ ĺĬ) ЙņĻûąĵ/ ºûĘĻ ķĵ9ûК
(ûĻđIJ <пā ЭİŅđĠ ЭúĻ ЭIJ Įņİċā ŁIJ 2ûýđĈā ЭIJ ЙijŅđĸ/
ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ЭİþĠ ĺņĸ:пĸ 9K/ Ã9ûýK9ûIJ) ЙĸûνļК ŎIJ9ûĸ ЭК
ЭIJ ЙĸûĦ ;пć/
ЭIJ GûāǼК ŁIJ ĺņĸ:пĸ đŞ 2оûņč 7ûĞĂĸ
S
(ЙĸûνļК ûIJ I/9K7
Haymarket Riot
9/7đIJ Łĵûąĸ &ûĸ9ŀĔ &KđņК
heroes
ЭĻđIJ /7/ 9/7đIJ ЙĻûĻ: ÃĒIJđĸ Ўņĸ ŁĻûЛIJ ŁĕIJ &ĺùKđņК
heroines
Łĵ/K
Āĸ KďļК
Hinduism
ēŅŀĻ ČŅ9ûā
historian
historical analysis
historical developments
ЙŅĒĈā ŁĎŅ9ûā
±ûņįđā ŁĎŅ9ûā
(1939-45) HûĦ ĴĂį
ûIJ ±ŀŅ7ŀЛŅ &ŁКûþā ĴIJ ûŅ ĀĔ7đý:
S
9ûįK ŁĻûĕĻ/
holocaust
human dignity
human rights violations
±ûŅ:9K Dпč ŁIJ ŁĻûĕĻ/ EŀİĊ
S
I
identity
illustrate
impact
impacts
impeachment
imperialism
imperialist
incarceration
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
Āčûļė / IûŷЛŞ
ûļŅ7 Gûąĸ / ûĻûļý ЙĻŀĹĻ &đŅŀěā
đĄ/ &H7ûěā &K/đijŏ
2/đĄ/ &H7ûěā &K/đijŏ
ЭIJ 9ûijĶК/ Łĸ/ŀĦ đŞ 7ûņļý ŁIJ H/Ēĵ/ &Łù/K99ûIJ ÃđŅĒħā
ûļĵûijĻ ЭĔ/ 9K/ ûĻпŶ Йĸďİĸ Dпč
HûĤĻ Łć/đĸûĔ &ĀņКûĘЛļė
ŁĸûĊ ûIJ Łć/đĸûĔ &ĀņКûĘЛļė
ÃđņĔ/
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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URDU
ЭĔ Ўņĸ ±ŀКKđμ ¸7đIJđĔ ЭIJ ĺŅŻĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/ Łýŀļć) ûijĻ/
Incas
(ΫŅ/ ŁùŀIJ
ŁĻďĸ*
income
income tax
ēijņŏ ûIJ ŁĻďĸ*
India
IûĂĔKďļК &ûŅŻĻ/
indigenous development
Łįđā Łĸûİĸ
ŁĂħļĚ
industrial
ĀįûĠ ŁĂħļĚ
industrial power
Industrial Revolution
Industrial Workers of the World
0пİĻ/ ŁĂħļĚ
(ĺúņĻŀŅ ΫŅ/) Żĵ9K /7 D* :đIJ9K ĴŅđŐĔŻĻ/
&ŁĹIJ Ўņĸ 9ďį ŁIJ ЭijĔ 9K/ ЙĬûĝ/ HûĦ Ўņĸ ±ŀĂĹņį
inflation
9: ?/đĬ/
ĀņĊпĚ ŁIJ ЭĻđIJ ĴЛŞ ûŅ Łĸďį ĖņŞ
initiative
ķņĤļā
institution
Ã9/7 ĀĻûŅ7 &Ã9/ďĻûĹŅ/ &ÃďļĶý Łįпč/
integrity
interactions
Ĵĸûħā ŁĹКûý
international
Łĸ/ŀįо/ ĺņý
ûĻđIJ ďņį ûŅ ďļýđĤĻ
internment
interrelationships
interstate
2ûİĶħā ŁĹКûý &ŁĹКûý ?ûþĞĻ/
S
ŁúIJ ŀć ‫ک‬ǼĔ &ĮĶħĂĸ ûŅ ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9 īĶĂĎĸ
É9Ēμ ŁĔ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9
interstate commerce
interstate highway system
29ûĈā ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9
HûĤĻ HûĦ A9ûė ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9
,ûŷý ŵņý &ŁąĵûĄ &ĀĶč/ďĸ
intervention
ûĻđIJ ЙĻ Āė/7đý &ĺŞ đŐIJ &ĀņþěĦ
intolerance
investments
±ûŅ9ûIJ ЙŅûĸđĔ
involvement
ĴĹĦ ûIJ ŁνĂĕý/K
¸ďļėûý ûIJ IûĂĔđù* &ŁĻûĂĔđù*
Irish
HпĔ/
Islam
ûĻđIJ ¸ďċņĶĦ
isolation
ЙŅK9 ûIJ ЭļК9 ĮĶħā Эý &ŁνĂĕý/KûĻ
isolationism
(ЙņĵûĠ/) ŁĶŏ/
Italy
J
Japanese
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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Japanese-Americans
URDU
ŁijŅđĸ/ ŁĻûŞûć
7ŀЛŅ &ęĎė 7/˘Ļ ŁĻ/đþĦ
Jews
üКĐĸ Ã7ŀЛŅ
Judaism
ęņĎĘā ŁĂĵ/ďĦ
judicial review
DûěĻ/
justice
K
Kansas-Nebraska Act
ŎijŅ/ ûijĔ/đþĻ ēĕļņIJ
ŁĿý ЭĔ HûĻ ЭIJ ;đņŞ D* ŎijņŞ) ŎijņŞ Żļù/đý - ¦пņIJ
Kellogg-Briand Pact
ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 9K/ ēĻ/đĬ ďěİĸ HûIJûĻ ûijĔ/ 9K/ ЭК ûāûć ûĻûć
(ûĿā ûĻđIJ ‫ک‬đā λļć ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ¸ďċĂĸ
Ã9/7 ЙĂė9 ŁĻ/ďĻûč
kinship
ŁIJ I/9K7Ēĸ ŁijŅđĸ/ ķК/ ŁIJ ÃďĚ 19th) đþņĵ D* ēŐùûĻ
Knights of Labor
(ķņĤļā
λļć ŁùûŅ9ŀIJ
Korean War
L
labor markets
Эņĵ ЭIJ Āĸ:пĸ ЙĝKûħĸûý 7/đĬ/ H:пĸ ±ûЛć "ÃŻļĸ" ΫŅ/
Эņĵ ЭIJ ĺņĸ:пĸ &đć* 9K/ ЎņК ЭāđIJ ЙĶýûİĸ
labor union
ĺņĻŀŅ ŁIJ I/9K7Ēĸ
land bridge
Эùûļijč &ŁŐŞ Łļņĸ: Łĵ/K ЭĻпĸ ŀIJ ĺņĸ: 2ûħġį K7
±ŀŅ7ûý*ŀĻ 13 ŁİĶč ďěİĸ ûijĔ/) 1785 D* ĺņļŅ‫ڈ‬9* к
Land Ordinance of 1785
ķį9 ЭħŅ98 ЭIJ ĀčKđĬ ŁIJ ĺņĸ: ŁIJ üĻûć ŁIJ 0đĪĸ ŁIJ
(ûĻđIJ ĥĹć
Latin America
latitude
ûijŅđĸ/ ŁļņĠо
Ã7/:* Ўņĸ Эù/9 K ĴĹĦ &ďĶþĵ/ >đĦ
legislation
¸ďċĂĸ H/ŀį/
S
Ã:ûĔ IŀĻûį
legislature
¸9/7/ :ûĔ IŀĻûį
League of Nations
leisure activities
life expectancy
limited government
Lincoln-Douglas debate
±ûņĸđμđĔ ŁċŅđĭā
¸:/ďĻ/ λĿý λĵ ûIJ 2ûņĊ 7ûņħĸ
S
ĀĸŀijĊ 7Kďċĸ
ЭąĊûþĸ ēĶμ‫ ڈ‬- ĺijļĵ
literature
07/
longitude
ďĶþĵ/ GŀĠ
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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Louisiana Purchase
URDU
ĺņĸ: ŁĕņĕĻ/đĬ ŁĸûĻ ĺŅĒùŀĵ ûIJ ûijŅđĸ/) ēŶđŞ ûĻûŅĒùŀĵ
(ûĻďŅđč
– 9/7ûĬK ЭIJ Łŏ9ûŞ ŁĔûņĔ ûŅ ĀĸŀijĊ &¸ûė7ûý ŁĕIJ
loyalists
đŞ ĥįŀĸ ЭIJ 0пİĻ/ ûŅ λļć &2KûĪý đIJ =ûč
M
majority rule
(Łļþĸ đŞ Эù/9 2đąIJ) ĀĸŀijĊ Ã9ŀЛĹć
ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 I/9K7 ЭIJ II λļć ŁĹĵûĦ) ŎijņćKđŞ ĺŐņК ĺĸ
Manhattan Project
9ûņĿĂК ÃđКŀć пЛŞ ûIJ /ŻņļņIJ 9K/ ЙņĻûĠđý ¸ďċĂĸ &¸ďċĂĸ
(ŎijņćKđŞ ûIJ ЭĻûļý (ķý ŁĹŐŅ/)
Manifest Destiny
manufactured goods
manufacturing
đċý
ŁIJ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 ЙIJ ¸ďņİĦ ЙŅ ŁļŐĕŅ‫ ڈ‬Ŏĕņĭņļņĸ
S
(ûĿā "9ďİĸ ĉĝ/K" ĀħĔK Ϋā ĴКûijĵ/đċý ЭĔ ;ŀĻûņįK/
2ûĦŀļěĸ Łúμ ŁIJ 9ûņā
ûĻûļý &ûĻđIJ 9ûņā
ЭĔ HûĻ ЭIJ IпŞ Ã9ŀIJ9 ŁŞ9ŀŅ đŞ 9ŀĠ ŁĹĔ9) IпŞ Ĵė9ûĸ
Marshall Plan
ŀIJ ĀņIJ/đė/ ďħý ЭIJ II λļć ŁĹĵûĦ ЙŅ &ЭК ûāûć ûĻûć
ķijċĂĕĸ ДāûĔ ЭIJ H/ŀį/ ŁIJ u9ŀŅ 9K/ Эņĵ ЭIJ ЭĻđIJ 9K7
(Йýŀěļĸ ĺņĵK/ Эņĵ ЭIJ ЭĻđIJ ķùûį 9K/ ŀĻ đņĹħā 2ûİĶħā
Mayas
Mayflower Compact
Memorial Day
Hŀį ķŅďį ΫŅ/ ŁIJ ûijŅđĸ/ ŁġĔK &ûŅûĸ
ŁĂĸŀijĊ пЛŞ ûIJ Ã7ûý*ŀĻ ДĂĹĶŞ) ŎijņşĹIJ 9KпĬЭĸ
(ĒŅKûĂĔ7
É‫ ڈ‬ĴúŅ9ŀĹņĸ
mercantilism
Ã:KďĻ/9: &ЭК ĀĵK7 ĴĚ/ ŁК ЙĕņŞ ЙIJ ЙŅđĤĻ ЙŅ
Mexican War
λļć Łijņĕijņĸ
Mexicans
Éďļėûý ЭIJ ŀijņĕijņĸ &Łijņĕijņĸ
Middle Ages
9/K7/ ŁġĔK
middle class
ЙİþĠ ЙĻûņĸ97
g
ŁġĔK 0đĪĸ
S
Midwest
military
minorities
minority
4ŀĬ
ЎņĂņĶį/
ĀņĶį/
Łĸпĩ Ўņĸ ЭįпĦ ЭIJ ûĻûŅĒņùŀĵ ЙİýûĔ) Ēùûĸ/đşĸûIJ Ã9KĒņĸ
Missouri Compromise
7KďĊ ŁIJ Ã9KĒņĸ ĀĔûŅ9 ¸7đIJ ĒŅŀĈā /ŀĔûĸ ĀħĻûĹĸ ŁIJ
(¸ďКûħĸ HûIJûĻ ûIJ 9ďĻ/ ЭIJ
mobile society
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
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URDU
ķĤļĸ &ûĻđIJ 9ûņā ŀIJ 4ŀĬ Эņĵ ЭIJ ķЛĸ ûŅ Āĸďč ŁĕIJ
mobilization
ûļŅ7 ĀIJđĊ &ûĻŀК
ŀć ЙIJ ¸ďņİĦ ŁĔûņĔ ûIJ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9) ĺù/đŐIJ/‫ ڈ‬Kđļĸ
7/:* ŁúĻ ŁIJ ûijŅđĸ/ ЎņĂįûĠ ŁŞ9ŀŅ ЙIJ ЭК ûāđIJ Iûņý ЙŅ
Monroe Doctrine
Ўņĸ 9ŀĸ/ ЭijĻ/ 9K/ ûĂijĔ ûļý ЎņЛĻ ±ûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ ŀIJ ±ŀĸŀį
(ûĂijĔđIJ ЎņЛĻ Ã:/ďĻ/ Ĵč7
29ûĹĦ ŁĎŅ9ûā ûŅ ŁùŀК đņĹħā Ўņĸ 7ûŅ ŁIJ ŁĕIJ
monuments
ŁćûĹĔ ûŅ ŁĔûņĔ ŀć :ûĔ ķĶĬ ûŅ īļěĸ &ŁĬûċĚ ŁùŀIJ
Muckrakers
ÉđIJ <ûĬ :/9 ЭijĻ/ 9K/ ÉđIJ Įņİċā ŁIJ ŁĻ/ŀļĦďý
N
NAACP
(NAACP) ķņĤļā Łĸŀį ŁIJ Łįđā ŁIJ 7/đĬ/ 9/ďνĻ9
NAFTA
(NAFTA) ¸ďКûħĸ 29ûĈā 7/:* ûijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė
narratives
national
national origins
nationalism
Native American Indians
NATO
9/K üņāđā ĴĕĶĕĸ ûIJ 2ûħį/K đŞ 9ŀĠ ŁĻûý: ûŅ ÃđŅđċā
ûĻ/đК7
Łĸŀį
7/˘Ļ Łĸŀį
ЙýĐć ûIJ ŁļĠŀĵ/ üĊ ûŅ Hŀį üĊ
7/đĬ/ ĺŅŻĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/ Łùûý*
(ĺĘŅĒùûļμ9* ŁŐŅđŏ ΫŐĻпŐŅ/ Дā9ûĻ) ŀŐņĻ
natural boundaries
7KďĊ Łā9ďį
natural resources
ĴùûĔK Łā9ďį
naturalization
navigation
navy
Nazi Germany
Nazi Holocaust
Neolithic Revolution
neutrality
New Deal
newspapers
noninterference (“laissez-faire”)
“normalcy”
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ûļŅ7 ĀŅđЛė ŁIJ ΫĶĸ ÉđĔK7 ŁĕIJ ŀIJ ŁijĶĸ đņĩ
GûĹħĂĔ/ ûIJ ±ŀİŅđĠ ЭIJ ЭļĵûijĻ ЙĂĔ/9
ЙŅđċý
Łļĸđć Ã:ûĻ
(1939-45) HûĦ ĴĂį
ûIJ ±ŀŅ7ŀЛŅ ±ŀĿāûК ЭIJ ±ŀŅ:ûĻ
S
(ûĻđIJ Ã9ûIJ ĀėûIJ ЭùûĈý ЭIJ 9ûijė) 0пİĻ/ ŁĦ9: пЛŞ
9/ďþĻûć đņĩ
I/9K7 ЭIJ ЭĻûĸ: ЭIJ ŁĂĕŞ Łėûħĸ ŁijŅđĸ/) ĴŅ‫ ڈ‬ŀņĻ
(HûĻ ûIJ ±ŀĶĕĶĔ ЭIJ ±ŀĸ/đμKđŞ Эĵ/K ЭĻđIJ 7ďĸ ŁIJ ±ŀþŅđĩ
2/9ûþč/
("29ûĈā 7/:*") ĒŅđμ ЭĔ Ã:/ďĻ/ Ĵč7
"ĀņĭņIJ ŁIJ GŀĹħĸ"
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
Northwest Ordinance
URDU
ĺņĵK/ ŁIJ ЭįпĦ ŁýđĪĸ GûĹė) ēļņļŅ‫ڈ‬9* ŎĕŅK Дā9ûĻ
(ĴņijĘā đŞ 9ŀĠ ЭIJ ЭįпĦ ķĤļĸ
ŁùûĻ/ŀā ÃđКŀć &Łā/ŀĻ &ÃKŀĻ
nuclear
nuclear families
I/ďĻûč ĴĹĂĘĸ 𪠱ŀŷý 9K/ ĺŅďĵ/K DđĚ
nuclear family
I/ďĻûč ĴĹĂĘĸ 𪠱ŀŷý 9K/ ĺŅďĵ/K DđĚ
7/7đĂĔ/ &Łčŀĕļĸ
nullification
O
Ĵņā
oil
Open Door Policy
opportunity costs
ДāûĔ ЭIJ ĺņŶ ŀIJ H/ŀį/ HûĹā ЙIJ ЙŅđĤĻ ЙŅ) ŁĕņĵûŞ 9K‫ ڈ‬ĺŞK/
(ЎņúņКûŶ ЭāŀК EŀİĊ ŁĂħļĚ 9K/ Łā9ûĈā ЭIJ đý/đý
ĥįŀĸ ;/ 9K/) ĀĹņį ŁIJ ЭĻŀК 9/7đþĂĔ7 ЭĔ ĥįŀĸ ŁĕIJ
(ďù/ŀĬ ЭIJ ЭĻđIJ ЙĻ ĴĹĦ đŞ
&ķĂĔ K ķĶģ &ĀņĭņIJ ŁIJ ЭĻŀК 9ŀþĈĸ ûŅ đýûć &đþć
oppression
ŁĂĔ7đý:
ČŅ9ûā ŁĻûý:
oral histories
IŀĻûį ¸7đIJ Ã9ûć ûIJ ЙņĸûĤĂĻ/ Łĸûİĸ
ordinance
ЭIJ ÃđŐļIJ ĺνŅ9K/ ķĤļĸ đņĩ 9K/ ķĤļĸ) Ã9ŀŐŅđŏ ĺνŅ9K/
Oregon Territory
(HûĻ ûIJ ЭįпĦ
Ã7ûý* 2đąIJ
overpopulation
P
Panama Canal
Parliament
patriots
ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ĴКûijĵ/ đċý 9K/ ŀĻûņįK/đċý) 9/Ēμ 0* ЙĸûļņŞ
(9/Ēμ 0* Łúμ Łùûļý ЭħŅ98 ЭIJ ±ŀĻûĕĻ/
ŎļĹņĵ9ûŞ
ĺĠK üċĸ
Żļĵ9ďņĻ ŀņĻ Ã7ûý*ŀĻ }‫ ڈ‬ŁIJ ûijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė) HûĤĻ ŝĘĻKđŐŞ
patroonship system
Эĵ/K ЭļĿIJ9 EŀİĊ Ã9/ďŅđμûć đŞ ĺņĸ: )Йġį ĥņĔK ЭIJ
(±ûŅ7ûý* ŁIJ ±ŀĻ/ďĻûč 50 ŁIJ ±K9/ďļņĸ: ЭIJ üİĵ IKđŐŞ
peace
peacekeeping
perceptions
periodizations
persecution
Persian Gulf War
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
IŀijĔ &ĺĸ/
ûļĿIJ9 ķùûį ĺĸ/
ЭIJ ķЛĬ Łā/8 ŁIJ 2ûý ŁĕIJ &‫ک‬/97/ 2ŀį &¸ďКûĘĸ 2ŀį
ĉņĝŀā ûŅ ;ûĕĊ/ Įýûġĸ
ķņĕİā Ўņĸ 9/K7/ īĶĂĎĸ ŁIJ ČŅ9/ŀā
ûĻûľ‫ ڈ‬ķĶģ &ĀņĭņIJ ŁIJ ЭĻûć ЭùûĂĔ &ŁК7 9/:* &ŁĻ/9 ķĂĔ
λļć īĶμ ĺņúėđŞ
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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perspective
pioneers
plantation
plantation system
pledge of allegiance
policy
political boundaries
political parties
political power
politics
popular vote
population
Populist movement
postwar
Poughkeepsie Convention
poverty
preamble
URDU
:/ďĻ/ ûIJ ЭļŶŀĔ &đģûļā ŁļК8
о/K ЭĻđIJ AKđė ĒņŶ ŁúĻ &ûĻđIJ ÃđþК9 &9ûIJ ĴЛŞ &AđĂĎĸ
N
Hпĩ Ўņĸ 2ûŅ7ûý* ŀĻ ÃŀĻûĠđý ûĚŀěč đŞ ĺć Łĝ/9/
ЭĿā Эāûć Эùŀý ¸đņĩK ŀIJûþĹā &ŁùK9 đIJ ûνĵ ŀIJ ±K9K7Ēĸ
HûĤĻ ûIJ Łĝ/9/
ďЛĦ ûIJ Ã9/7ûĬK 9K/ ĀĦûĠ/ &ďЛĦ ûIJ ЭļĻûĸ ŀIJ ĀņĹIJûĊ
ŁĕņĵûŞ &ŁĶĹĦ ĀĹijĊ
S
±ûŅďļý ďĊ ŁĔûņĔ
ЎņĂĦûĹć ŁĔûņĔ
ĀįûĠ ŁĔûņĔ
ĀĔûņĔ
pKK ûIJ H/ŀĦ
Ã7ûý*
ΫŅđċā ŁIJ ±ŀņĸûĊ ЭIJ Āņĸ/ŀĦ
ďħý ЭIJ λļć
ŀIJ ĺņù* Ўņĸ ‫ک‬9ûŅŀņĻ &ŁĕşЛijŞ) ĺĘļŅŀņļIJ ŁĕşЛijŞ
(ЙĕĶć ûIJ ЭĻđIJ 9ŀĤļĸ
ŁþŅđĩ &ŁĕĶĭĸ
ЙĸûĻđĔ &:ûĩ* &ďņЛĹā
precedent
ĮýûĔ &ЭĶЛŞ ЭĔ @ûċĵ ЭIJ üņāđā
Preindustrial Age
ЙĻûĸ: Ĵþį ЭĔ 9K7 ŁĂħļĚ ďŅďć
President’s cabinet
primary elections
primary sources
(ЙļņýûIJ) /9:K ĀĦûĹć
ŁIJ 9ďĚ
S
2ûýûĎĂĻ/ Łù/ďĂý/
ĥù/98 Ã7ûņļý
principles
GŀĚ/
privileges
2ûĦ/đĸ &(ďù/ŀĬ) 7ûĭĸ &ĮĊ
proclamation
productivity
profit
progressive
Progressive leaders
prohibition
propaganda
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
IпĦ/
Ã9KđĹĄ &ĀņĊпĚ Ã9/K/ďņŞ
ĥĭĻ &ĥĬûļĸ
ďļĕŞ Łįđā &đŅĐŞ Łįđā
ĺŅďùûį đŅĐŞ Łįđā
ĀčKđĬ K Ã9ûņā ŁIJ 0/đė Ўņĸ ЙijŅđĸ/ &<ďļý &ĀħĻûĹĸ
(1920-1933) ÃďļýûŞ đŞ
/ŻļνņŞ/đŞ &ĺĹĈĻ/ ŁĪņĶþā &HûĤĂĻ/ ûIJ ĀĦûė/ K đĘĻ
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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URDU
Łĵûċėŀč
prosperity
4ûĈĂĊ/
protests
2ûņĕĭĻ ķĶĦ
&ķĶĦ ûIJ ĴĹĦ ЭijĔ/ 9K/ ŁĻûĕĻ/ ēĭĻ
S
S
ŁùûĕņĦ ďļĕŞ ęĵûč
psychology
Puritans
pursuit of happiness
ĖėŀIJ ŁIJ GŀěĊ ЭIJ Łĵûċėŀč
Q
HŀĔ9 K ďùûİĦ ŁĂŅ/K9 &Ĵùûį ЭIJ Łùŀć 5пĚ &ďļĕŞ ĺĸ/
ΫŅ/ ĀĬпč ЭIJ ±ŀýŀěļĸ ŁùûĕņĶIJ 9K/ :đĂċĸ ЭĔ
Quakers
ĀņħĹć ŁùûĕņĦ
ЭIJ ΫņýŀņIJ Āċāûĸ ЭIJ ЙņĻûĠđý ķņĤĦ) ŎijŅ/ ΫņýŀņIJ
Quebec Act
(ŎijŅ/ ûIJ ЭĻđIJ ĺņħā ĴĹĦ ĮŅđĠ ЭIJ ĀĸŀijĊ ŁIJ ЭýŀĚ
ŎijŅ/ ûŏŀIJ
Quota Act
R
racial
racial discrimination
racism
railroads
ratification
rationing
recall
ŁĶĕĻ
:ûņĂĸ/ đŞ ûļý ŁĶĕĻ
üěħā ŁĶĕĻ
±ûŅđŐŞ ŁIJ Ã‫ڑ‬ûμ ĴŅ9
ûļŅ7 9/đį Ēùûć &ĮŅďěā &ĮņĄŀā
ûĻđIJ ķņĕİā Ўņĸ 9/ďİĸ ¸9đİĸ ¸đņĩK ‫ک‬/9ŀč
ûŅ ûĻпý ēŞ/K &ûĻđIJ ďĸ*đý ЭĔ ЭĤĬûĊ &ĴĹĦ ûIJ ЭĻđIJ 7ûŅ
ûĻđIJ üĶĠ ¸9ûýK7
recall election
ûĻđIJ Ĵġħĸ ЭĔ đĂĬ7 ŀIJ 9/ďŅďЛĦ üĎĂļĸ ŁĕIJ
reconstruction
ûĻđIJ đņĹħā ¸9ûýK7 &ûĻđIJ ŀĻ đņĹħā
reductions
ĴĹĦ ûIJ ЭĻđIJ ķIJ &īņĭĎā
referendum
Эù/9 0/ŀěĂĔ/
S
ûĻđIJ ĀĔ97 ûŅ ûĻđIJ 5пĚ/
N
ΫŅđċā ŁIJ 5пĚ/ ûĈŅ9ďā
reform
reform movement
regulation
reliability
relief
Renaissance
reparation
reparations
representation
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ķijĊ &Йġýûĝ
ûĻŀК 9ûþĂĦ/ Ĵýûį
S
7/ďĸ/ &ûĻûŞ 2ûĈĻ ûŅ H/9*
ЙņĻûąĵ/ ºûĘĻ
ĴĹĦ ûIJ ķņĸđā ûŅ ŁĬпā
GûĹĦ/ ЭIJ ķņĸđā ûŅ ŁĬпā
ЙIJûč &đŅŀěā &ûĻđIJ ŁμďļùûĹĻ
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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URDU
ûĻûý7 ŀIJ 2ûĘК/ŀč ûŅ 2оûņč &ЙħņĬ7 &Йĵ/:/
repression
“Republican” government
Republican Party
resignation
ĀĸŀijĊ "ЙŅ9ŀЛĹć"
ĀĦûĹć Ã9ŀЛĹć
N
g
đþĚ đŞ Iûěİý &Ã9/7đýđĂĔ7 ЭĔ ÉďЛĦ ûĚŀěč ŁĭħņĂĔ/
ûļIJK9 ûŅ ûĻđIJ ďņį &ûĻđIJ 7Kďċĸ &ûĻûνĵ ÃďļýûŞ
restrict
rights of the minority
river civilizations (Mesopotamia,
Egypt, China, Indus Valley)
EŀİĊ ЭIJ ±ŀĂņĶį/
(ŁĶŅK ;ŻĻ/ &ĺņŶ &đěĸ &ûņĹņŏŀŞŀĕņĸ) ЎņþŅĐЛā ŁùûŅ97
HK9
Rome
ŁIJ ŎĶŅK:K9 9KŻņĿā 9ďĚ ŁijŅđĸ/) ÃđĵK9ŀIJ ŎĶŅK:K9
Roosevelt Corollary
ŁġĔK 9K/ ĺņþùđIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ ЙIJ ķņĸđā Ўņĸ IđŐIJ/‫ ڈ‬Kđļĸ
ĀĶč/ďĸ ЭĔ >đĩ ЭIJ Ã9/ďùûŞ Łėûħĸ Ўņĸ ЙijŅđĸ/
(ЭК ûĂijĔđIJ
ŁĂĸ:пĸ ЙĻûĭěļĸ) 8802 9‫ڈ‬9* ŀņŏŀņijŅĒijŅ/ ēŐĶŅK:K9
Roosevelt’s Executive Order 8802
¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 &ЭК ûāûć ûĻûć ŁĿý ЭĔ HûĻ ЭIJ ŎijŅ/
ŁIJ :ûņĂĸ/ ŁĂĸ:пĸ 9K/ BKđĬ ЭIJ ĥį/ŀĸ ±ûĕijŅ Ўņĸ
(IŀĻûį ŁįûĬK пЛŞ ûIJ ŎĶŅK:K9 ĺĶijļŅđĬ 9ďĚ ûIJ ĀħĻûĹĸ
Roosevelt’s Treaty of Portsmouth
1904-1905 đŞ 9ŀĠ ŁĹĔ9) ДĂĹĕŏ9ŀŞ D* ŁŐŅđŏ ēŐĶŅK:K9
(ŁIJ ķĂč λļć IûŞûć - ;K9 ŁIJ
S
scandals
2ûħį/K ЭIJ ŁĸûĻďý &Ўņāûý ŁIJ Łù/ŀĔ9 Łĸ/ŀĦ
scholars
ĺņĹĵûĦ
scientific
ŁĕļùûĔ
sculpture
ЙĹĕĈĸ
ŁIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9 Łýŀļć ¸9ûņμ Ўņĸ 1860 &ŁμďċņĶĦ
secession
ЙĻûč đŞ ēć ŁμďċņĶĦ ЭĔ ЙijŅđĸ/ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9
ÃǼĿŶ Łνļć
ŁIJ λļć ŁýпİĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/) ēŅđνĻûIJ ĴŐņļņŐĻûIJ ÃđĔK7
Second Continental Congress
ŁĶЛŞ ŁIJ IûμďļùûĹĻ ЭIJ ±ŀŅ7ûý*ŀĻ ¸đņā ďħý ЭIJ 2ûĦKđė
(Łúμ đIJ Эĵ Ϋā ЙņĸпĦ/ ЭIJ Ã7/:* ŀIJ ēĶĈĸ
secondary sources
sectional
sedition
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ĴùûĔK ÃŀĻûĄ
ķĕİļĸ Ўņĸ ±ŀěĊ / Ã9/K ЙİþĠ
ûļĵ/‫ ڈ‬ĴĶč Ўņĸ ğþĝ K ķĤĻ &2KûĪý
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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URDU
I/9K7 ЭIJ ĀįK Łνļć) 1918 D* ŎijŅ/ ĺĘŅŻņĔ
Sedition Act of 1918
9K/ ķŶđŞ &ĀĸŀijĊ ŁIJ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 ŀIJ ±ŀļijŅđĸ/
ЭIJ Iûý: ŀć üņĦ K 6ûĂĕμ &9/ďĩ Dпč ЭIJ 4ŀĬ
(ŎijŅ/ ûIJ ĀħĻûĹĸ ŁIJ GûĹħĂĔ/
segregation
self-government
Senate
separation of powers
separatism
settlement houses
sharecropping
Shay’s Rebellion
shelter
Sherman Antitrust Act
significance
skilled workers
social commentary
social sciences (anthropology,
economics, geography, history,
political science, psychology, and
sociology)
social scientific method
social security
socialism
Socialist Party
sociology
soup kitchens
Southwest
Soviet Union
Spanish-American War
spatial organization
sphere of influence
spiritual beliefs
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ŁμďċņĶĦ ŁĶĕĻ &ĮŅđĭā đŞ 7ûņļý ŁIJ ĴĕĻ
ĀĸŀijĊ Łĸ/ŀĦ ûŅ ŁļŞ/
ŎņļņĔ
Āį9ûĭĸ ŁIJ ±ŀĂįûĠ
}ŀĔ ŁIJ ЭĻŀК 7/:* ûŅ λĵ/ &ÃďļĕŞ ŁμďņċĶĦ
É9/7/ Эĵ/K ЭĻđIJ ķК/đĬ 2ûĸďč ŁćûĹĔ
ĴĹĦ ûIJ ЭļŅ7 Iûνĵ 9ŀġý ЙěĊ ДŷIJ ûIJ ĴěĬ
Эĝđį K ēijņŏ Ўņĸ 27ûņį ŁIJ Эė ĴúļŅ‫ )ڈ‬ĺúņĶņý9 Ēúņė
(2KûĪý ŁIJ ±ŀĻûĕIJ Dпč ЭIJ
ĺĸ/ Эùûć &‫¸& *ڑ‬ûμ ¸ûļŞ
ŎijŅ/ ŎĔđŏ ŁŐļŅ/ ĺĸđė
Łļħĸ / ĀņĹК/
ĺņĸ:пĸ ďļĸđļК / ĀņĊпĚûý
đŅđİā Łċņĝŀā &Ã9ûνĻ ¸đěþā
&ČŅ9ûā &ЙņĬ/đĪć &2ûņėûħĸ &đĘý ķĶĦ
S ) ЎņĕļùûĔ Łāđėûħĸ
(2ûņĻ/đĹĦ &ēĭļĵ/ ķĶĦ &ēļùûĔ ŁĔûņĔ
9ûIJ )ЙİŅđĠ ŁĕļùûĔ ŁćûĹĔ
Łŏ9ŀņijņĔ ĴėŀĔ
ĀņIJ/đĂė/
ĀĦûĹć ŁIJ/đĂė/
Йħĵûġĸ ûIJ Ĵùûĕĸ ŁćûĹĔ &2ûņĻ/đĹĦ
Hûİĸ ûIJ ЭĻđIJ ķņĕİā ûĻûĿIJ ŀIJ ±ŀþŅđĩ
0đĪĸ Łýŀļć
ŎŅKŀĔ ¸ďċĂĸ
λļć ŁijŅđĸ/ - ÃŀĻûşĕК
ĴĹĦ ûIJ ЭĻđIJ ķĤļĸ ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ ŁĻûijĸ ĀħĔK
&Łėûħĸ &ŁĂĬûİĄ ĀĔûŅ9 ûŅ ķņĤļā ŁùŀIJ đŞ ēć ЙįпĦ ¸K
ŀК ÃKûĊ ЭĔ @ûċĵ ŁĔûņĔ ûŅ ŁćŀĬ
ÉďņİĦ ŁþКĐĸ
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URDU
ďħý ЭIJ ЭļĂņć 2ûýûĎĂĻ/ ЙIJ ĀŅ/K9 ŁĹĔ9 đņĩ ΫŅ/
±ŀĵ/K ЭļŅ7 pKK ЭļŞ/ đŞ 9ŀĠ ЭIJ HûħĻ/ ĀĦûĹć ŁĔûņĔ
“spoils system”
ЭК ŁāđIJ ķК/đĬ ЎņĂĸ:пĸ ŁĂĸŀijĊ ŀIJ
=ŀěĎĸ ŀIJ ĀĸŀijĊ ЙIJ IŀĻûį ЙŅ) ŎijŅ/ ŝĹņŐĔ/
Stamp Act
(ЭК Ã9Kđĝ ûļŅ7 ēijņŏ Эņĵ ЭIJ ŁĶİĂļĸ ŁIJ 2/ĒŅKûĂĔ7
state's rights
ŁμďĻ: 9ûņħĸ
S
EŀİĊ ŁĂĔûŅ9
states’ rights
EŀİĊ ЭIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9
standard of living
GûĊ 29ŀĚ
¸7ŀćŀĸ
S
ЎŅ7/79/đį &ĺņĻ/ŀį ¸7đIJ 9ŀĤļĸ
status quo
statutes
7оŀĬ &üIJđĸ ûIJ ЭКŀĵ
steel
ŎIJ9ûĸ ‫ک‬ûŐĔ/
stock market
stock market crash
Ўņĸ ŎIJ9ûĸ ‫ک‬ûŐĔ/ đā ¸7ûŅ:) ĖŅđIJ ŎIJ9ûĸ ‫ک‬ûŐĔ/
(ûĻûć ŎĿμ ΫĻûŶ/ ûIJ ±ŀĂĹņį ŁIJ ēIJûŐĔ/
ŁĶĹĦ ĀĹijĊ
strategy
sub-Saharan Africa
suffrage
Supreme Court decision
ûIJ ЭįпĦ Łýŀļć ЭIJ ķĤĦ/ Эù/đċĚ ŁİŅđĬ/
ĮĊ ûIJ ЭļŅ7 pKK &ŁК7 Эù/9 ĮĊ
S
ЙĶěņĬ ûIJ p9ŀIJ ķŅđşĔ
T
о/K ЭĻûŞ ŀýûį đŞ ĀĔûņĔ ŁIJ ÃđЛė ‫ک‬9ûŅŀņĻ) GûК ŁļĹņŏ
Tammany Hall
tariff
tariffs
tax
temperance
territorial expansion
territory
ЭĻđIJ ĴĹĦ HđμđĔ
Ўņĸ ĀĔûņĔ ŁijŅđĸ/ ŀIJ ±ŀļĠK ĴİĻ 9K/
S
(HûĤĻ ŁĔûņĔ ûIJ ĀĦûĹć Ã9ŀЛĹć ŁIJ
ĀĔđЛĬ ûŅ GKďć ûIJ 2оŀěċĸ ¸ďė /7/ / ЙĸûļčđĻ
ЎņĂĔđЛĬ ûŅ GKďć ûIJ 2оŀěċĸ ¸ďė /7/ / ЭĸûļčđĻ
2ûþć/K Ã9ûIJđĔ / Gŀěċĸ / ēijņŏ
N
Ўņĸ ŁėŀĻ 0/đė 9K/ ЭļņŞ ЭĻûĿIJ ûĚŀěč G/ďĂĦ/
ĥņĔŀā ŁIJ ĀijĶĹĸ
ĀļġĶĔ &ĀijĶĹĸ &ŁĻ/đĹijĊ 7KďĊ ŁIJ đЛė ûŅ ĀĔûŅ9
ЭĻđIJ 9ûĹė ¸ďċņĶĦ ŀIJ 7đĬ đК ЭIJ ±ŀŅ7ûý* ŁIJ ±ŀĸпĩ
three-fifths compromise
ŀIJ ĺņā ЭĔ ±ŀěĊ ŵĻûŞ ЭIJ ĴIJ ЭIJ Ã7ûý* ЭùûĈý ЭIJ
ûμ Эùûć ûņIJ 9ûĹė
timeframes
totalitarian
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ĀįK ЙļņħĂĸ
ĀĸŀijĊ ЙĻ/đĸ* ÃĒIJđĸ
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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totalitarian societies
URDU
&ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ 4ûĹĔ ŁĻûļħĵ/ ĮĶġĸ ûŅ ĀĸŀijĊ ЙĻ/đĸ* ÃĒIJđĸ
4ûĹĔ ŁĸûĊ ûIJ ĀĔûŅ9 ÃĒIJđĸ
ŁIJ ŁĹК/đĬ ŁIJ ĺĘņŞ Ўņĸ ÃđĹħĵ/ďù/:) IпŞ ŻļņĕĻ,ûŏ
Townsend Plan
(ûņIJ đĄûĂĸ ŀIJ ĴņijĘā ŁIJ Łŏ9ŀņijĔ ĴėŀĔ &ĒŅŀĈā
ĀčKđĬ K ďŅđč &29ûĈā
trade
treaties (Citizen Genet, Jay, and
Pinckney)
(ŁļijļŞ 9K/ Эć &Ŏņļć IĒņŐĔ) ЭĸûĻ 5пĚ &ÉďКûħĸ
treaty
ЙĸûĻ 5пĚ &¸ďКûħĸ
trends
69 &,ûijĿć &Iûċć9
29ûĈā ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ±ŀКûμ9ďļý ĺņā
triangular trade
ЙĶņþį
tribe
IûĻŀŅ ¸K ЙIJ IпĦ/ ûIJ ĺĸKđŏ 9ďĚ ŁijŅđĸ/) IđŐIJ/‫ ڈ‬ĺĸKđŏ
Truman Doctrine
Łėûħĸ Эņĵ ЭIJ ЭĻûŷý ЭĔ ŀýûį ЭIJ ŎŅKŀĔ ŀIJ ŁIJđā K
(Łμ Эùûć ŁIJ ķК/đĬ ĀĻûĦ/ ŁćŀĬ 9K/
trust
ŁĵŀĂĸ &ĺņİŅ &7ûĹĂĦ/
trusts
ĀĦûĹć ŁIJ ±ŀņĵŀĂĸ
ΫŅ/ ûIJ 7/đĬ/ üĎĂļĸ ЭijĻ/ Ўņĸ ĀįK ЭIJ ďņùŀŏ ķúņĵK
Tweed Ring
ЭĿā ЭĂĿIJ9 9ûņĂč/ đŞ 2ûņĵûĸ ŁIJ đЛė ‫ک‬9ûŅŀņĻ ŀć ¸Kđμ
U
underground railroad
±ûŅđŐŞ ŁIJ Ã‫ڑ‬ûμ ĴŅ9 ŁIJ ЭŷņĻ ЭIJ ĺņĸ:
Ã9ûμ:K9 Эý
unemployment
ĺúņĻŀŅ
Union
ûĻđIJ ķùûį ĺúņĻŀŅ
unionize
¸ďċĂĸ H/ŀį/
S
United Nations
United Nations Universal Declaration
of Human Rights
ЙņĻпĦ/ ûIJ Ģĭċā ЭIJ ŁĻûĕĻ/ EŀİĊ
ŁĹĵûĦ ûIJ ¸ďċĂĸ H/ŀį/
S
V
Versailles Treaty
Veterans Day
veto
Vietnam War
village
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
5пĚ ûIJ ЭĻđIJ ķĂč ŀIJ I λļć ŁĹĵûĦ) ŁŐŅđŏ ЭùûĔ9K
(ЙĸûĻ
É‫ ڈ‬ĒĻđŐŅK
N
Łļņù* ûIJ ЭĻđIJ 7đĂĕĸ ŀIJ IŀĻûį / ûĻđIJ ĀħĻûĹĸ ûĹijĊ
ĮĊ ûIJ Ã9ŀĤĸûĻ &ĮĊ
λļć ŁIJ HûĻ ĀŅK
2ûЛŅ7 &±,ûμ
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Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary
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URDU
W
wage
¸/ŀĎļā &2đć/ ¸9đİĸ
wages
¸/ŀĎļā &2đć/ ¸9đİĸ
ĺņĸ:пĸ đā ¸7ûŅ: ЭIJ ЭİþĠ ŁĈĻ ŀć IŀĻûį) ŎijŅ/ đļνŅK
GûāǼК &ûĻûļý ĺņúĻŀŅ Эĕņć ÉđIJ ĀģûĭĊ ŁIJ EŀİĊ ЭIJ
Wagner Act
(±ûņĸđμđĔ ŁIJ ЭĻ/KđIJ ķņĶĕā ŀIJ 2ûþĵûġĸ đνŅ7 9K/ ûĻđIJ
ЭIJ ЭļĿIJ9 ŀýûį đŞ :9 ?/đĬ/
9K/ ЭĻûŷļЛŞ ЙŅûĸđĔ ŀIJ λļć
S
ЭĸûĻ Āį/ďĚ ЭIJ Āŷý ŁIJ ķĕį ΫŅ/ Эņĵ
war bonds
λļć ŁIJ 1812
War of 1812
ŁIJ/đĂė/ ЭIJ u9ŀŅ ŁįđĘĸ 9K/ ŁġĔK) ŎijņŞ ûĔ9/K
Warsaw Pact
(ķņĤļā ΫŅ/ ŁIJ ΫĵûĹĸ
¸ûμ9Ēμ ûŅ ЙĂĔ/9 Łý*
waterway
Western Hemisphere
>9/ ¸đIJ ŁýđĪĸ
westward expansion
ĀħĔK üĻûć ŁIJ 0đĪĸ
westward migration
2đĈК üĻûć ŁIJ 0đĪĸ
Whiskey Rebellion
(2KûĪý Dпč ЭIJ ēijņŏ 𪠣ijĕКK) ĺņúĶņý9 ŁijĕКK
ēć &ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ 9ŀĸ/ ŁĸûĤĂĻ/ ûŅ ÃđĂĬ7 (HûIJ ûŅ ĺIJ9ûIJ)
white collar
<ŀŞ ďņĭĔ &ŀК ЙĻ 9ûIJ97 ĀİĘĸ ŁĻûĹĕć Ўņĸ
white-collar employees
ĺņĸ:пĸ ŁĸûĤĂĻ/ ûŅ ÃđĂĬ7
)ûĕļĵ/ EŀİĊ
women’s rights
women’s suffrage
workforce
working conditions
Works Progress Administration
ďЛćKďć ŁIJ ĮĊ ûIJ ЭļŅ7 pKK &ŁК7 Эù/9 ĮĊ
ŁùûĕĻ
S
ĀįûĠ ŁĂĸ:пĸ
Gûċā9ŀĚ ŁIJ Āĸ:пĸ Эùûć
ЭĻđIJ ķК/đĬ Āĸ:пĸ K ¸/ŀĎļā) ĺĘŅđŐĕļĸ‫ڈ‬/ ēŅđμ/đŞ ‫ک‬9K
(ŁĕļĈŅ/ ÃǼý ЭĔ üĔ ŁIJ ĴŅ‫ ڈ‬ŀņĻ Łĵ/K
World Court
Āĵ/ďĦ ŁĹĵûĦ
world power
ĀįûĠ ŁĹĵûĦ
World War I
I λļć ŁĹĵûĦ
World War II
II λļć ŁĹĵûĦ
worldviews
2ûŅđĤĻ ŁĹĵûĦ
Y
Yalta Conference
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
λļć ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ĺŅďùûį ЭIJ ±ŀĂįûĠ ¸ďċĂĸ) ēĻđĭĻûIJ ûŐĵûŅ
(ēĻđĭĻûIJ ÃđĔK7 ЭĔ Ўņĸ ĺņā ŁIJ I/9K7 ЭIJ
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URDU
ĮŅđĠ ЙĻ/9K ЙĘņŞ đņĩ ûIJ ±ŀņĬûċĚ 9K/ ±ŀĹņĤļā ŁāûŅđĘĻ
“yellow journalism”
IûĈņК &2ûħį/K ЭIJ ŁĸûĻďý Эņĵ ЭIJ Эļŷņý 9ûþč/ ŀć 9ûIJ
ЎŅđIJ GûĹħĂĔ/ ûIJ 7/ŀĸ Ēņč
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
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