Glossary Intermediate School Level Social Studies Glossary English / Bengali Translation of Social Studies terms based on the Coursework for Social Studies Grades 6 to 8. Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students Last Updated: 08/18/09 THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 Education - P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/ THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ....................................................................... MILTON L. COFIELD, Vice Chancellor, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. ......................................................... ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ............................................................... SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................ JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................ ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................... GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ................................................................................. HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ........................................................................................... JOSEPH E. BOWMAN, JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D......................................................... JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ............................................................................................... ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................................ KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................ CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. ............................................................................................................. BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D..................................................... LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. ..................................................................................... CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .......................................................................................... WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. ............................................................................................................. New York Rochester Tonawanda New Rochelle Plattsburgh Syracuse Belle Harbor Hartsdale Albany Binghamton Great Neck Brooklyn Manhattan Bronx Oakland Gardens Staten Island Rochester Interim President of the University and Commissioner of Education CAROLE F. HUXLEY Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P–16 JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support JEAN STEVENS Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language Studies PEDRO J. RUIZ Acknowledgements: The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education Translation and Interpretation Unit. The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234. Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI A abolition abuses acculturation adaptation advantages agrarian Albany Plan of Union alien alliance alliances Allied powers amendment American Federation of Labor American Railway Union American Revolution American system (Clay) ancestor ancestor worship animism Annapolis Convention anthropology Anti-Federalists appeasement apportionment architectural drawings army Articles of Confederation artifacts assassination assassinations Assembly astronauts atomic bomb austerity autonomy ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) we‡jvcmvab Ace¨envi mvs¯‹…wZK Awf‡hvRb Awf‡hvRb myweav K…wlwelqK Aj‡ewb cø¨vb Ae BDwbqb we‡`wk ˆgÎx ˆgÎx wgÎ kw³ ms‡kvabx Av‡gwiKvb †dWv‡ikb Ae †jevi Av‡gwiKvb †ijI‡q BDwbqb Av‡gwiKvb wecøe Av‡gwiKvb wm‡÷g (‡K¬) c~e©cyiæl c~e©cyiæl Dcvmbv me©cÖvYev` A¨vbv‡cvwjm Kb‡fbkb b„ZZ¡ †dWv‡iwj÷ we‡ivax Av‡cvmKvwgZv eÈb Kiv AvwK©‡UKPvivj Wªwqs c`vwZK evwnbx AvwU©‡Kjm& Ae Kb‡dWv‡ikb m„ó e¯‘ ¸ßnZ¨v ¸ßnZ¨v A¨v‡m¤^wj b‡fvPvix AvYweK †evgv K…”Qmvab ¯^vqËkvmb 1 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI Aÿ kw³ AvR‡UK Axis powers Aztecs B baby boom banking Berlin airlift Berlin Wall bicameral bicameral legislature blitzkrieg Bolshevik Revolution bonds British North America Act Buddhism business business organization Rbwe‡ùviY e¨vsK †jb-†`b evwj©b GqviwjdU evwj©b Iqvj wØKÿwewkó wØKÿwewkó AvBbmfv SwUKv AvµgY ej‡kwfK wecøe eÛ weªwUk DËi© Av‡gwiKv AvBb †eŠ×ag© e¨emv e¨emv msMVb C Camp David Accord campaign Canada Canadian Bill of Rights canal Caribbean categories Catholics census reports Central America characteristics checks and balances chemical warfare child labor Christianity chronological order chronology civil service ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) K¨v¤ú †WwfW Pzw³ cÖPvivwfhvb KvbvWv K¨vbvwWqvb wej Ae ivBUm Lvj K¨vwiweqvb †kªwY K¨v_wjK ïgvwi cÖwZ‡e`b †m›Uªvj Av‡gwiKv ˆewkó¨ mseiY I fvimvg¨ ivmvqwbK hy× wkïkªg wLª÷vb ag© KvjvbyµwgK KvjcwÄ miKvwi PvKwi 2 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI Civil War clan Cold War collapse commerce common good communism communist nations competition compromise Compromise of 1850 Confucianism conscription Conservation Day Constitutional Amendments Constitutional Convention construction consumer society consumption containment M„nhy× †MvÎ mœvqz hy× am evwYR¨ me©Rbxb g½j mvg¨ev` mvg¨ev`x ivóª cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Avcm 1850 mv‡ji Avcm Kbdzwmqvmev` †mbvevwnbx‡Z eva¨Zvg~jK ZvwjKvfzw³ KbRv‡f©kb †W mvsweavwbK ms‡kvab mvsweavwbK mfv wbg©vY †fv³v mgvR †fvM Kiv wbqš¿Y continental congress hy³iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i Ae¨ewnZ Av‡Mi I c‡ii Ks‡MÖm convention cooperation corollary corporation corruption cotton court cases credit Cuban missile crisis cultural diffusion cultural diversity cultural identity cultural patterns cultural understanding ixwZ mn‡hvwMZv Abywm×všÍ ms¯’v `yb©xwZ Zzjv Av`vj‡Z `v‡qi Kiv gvgjv FY wKDevb wgmvBj msKU mvs¯‹…wZK cÖmviY mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewPΨ mvs¯‹…wZK cwiwPwZ mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewkó¨ mvs¯‹…wZK Aeavb ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 3 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI gy`ªv currency D debate Democratic Party democratic society depression depressions deregulation direct election of Senators direct versus indirect election disabled disadvantages disarmament discrimination diseases doctrine domestic domestic policy draft riots Dust Bowl weZK© †W‡gvµ¨vwUK cvwU© MYZvwš¿K mgvR g›`v, jNyPvc g›`v, jNyPvc wbqš¿Ygy³KiY cÖZ¨ÿ †fv‡U wm‡bUi‡`i wbe©vPb cÖZÿ¨ ebvg c‡ivÿ wbe©vPb cÖwZeÜx Amyweavmg~n wbi¯¿xKiY ˆelg¨ †ivM ZË¡ Af¨šÍixY Af¨šÍixY bxZ eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e hy× cvVv‡bvi weiæ‡× `v½v WvmU †eŠj E Eastern Hemisphere economic development economies (traditional, command, market, and mixed) elastic clause electoral emancipation Emancipation Proclamation Embargo Act emergence empathy enforce laws English English colonies (New England, Middle Atlantic, Southern) ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) c~e© †Mvjva© A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb A_©bxwZ (mbvZb, wbqwš¿Z, evRvi Ges wgkª) bgbxq aviv wbe©vPb msµvšÍ gyw³ µxZ`vmgyw³i Av‡`k evwYR¨ msµvšÍ wb‡lavÁv Afz¨`q mnvbyf‚wZ AvBb cÖ‡qvM Bs‡iwR Bs‡iR Dcwb‡ek (wbD Bsj¨vÛ, wgWj AvUjvw›UK, mv`vb©) 4 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH Enlightenment equal rights equality Era of Good Feelings escapism espionage Espionage Act of 1917 establishment ethnic ethnic backgrounds ethnic neighborhoods ethnocentrism European Union expansionism BENGALI GbjvB‡Ub‡g›U mg AwaKvi mgZv Giv Ae ¸W wdwjsm cjvqbx g‡be„wË ¸ßPie„wË 1917 mv‡ji ¸ßPie„wË AvBb ¯’vcbv, Kv‡qwg‡Mvôx RvwZMZ RvwZMZ cwiPq RvwZMZ cÖwZ‡ek †Kvb RvwZ ev †Mvwôi cÖwZ cÿcvZ BD‡ivwcqvb BDwbqb m¤úªmviYev` F fact/opinion famine Far West farmer fauna federal “federal” (“national”) government Federal Reserve Act federal system federal union Federalism Federalist Papers Federalists Filipinos financial institutions First Continental Congress flora foreign foreign aid foreign markets foreign policy ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) NUbv/AwfgZ `ywf©ÿ `~i cÖZxP¨ K…lK †Kvb we‡kl RvqMv ev mg‡qi cÖvwYKyj †dWv‡ij Ò†dWv‡ijÓ (ÒRvZxqÓ) miKvi †dWv‡ij wiRvf© A¨v± hy³ivóªxq e¨e¯’v †dWv‡ij BDwbqb hy³ivóªev` Av‡gwiKvi kvmbZš¿ m¤úwK©©Z ivPbvewj †dWv‡iwj÷ wdwjwc‡bv Avw_©K cÖwZôvbmg~n hy³iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i Ae¨ewnZ Av‡Mi Ks‡MÖm †Kvb we‡kl RvqMvi MvQcvjv we‡`wk we‡`wk mvnvh¨ we‡`wk evRvi ˆe‡`wkK bxwZ 5 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH foreign trade Fort Sumter Fourteen Points franchise freedom trail French and Indian War French Revolution French-Canadian frontier fugitive slave laws BENGALI ˆe‡`wkK evwYR¨ mvgUvi `~M© †dvwU©b c‡q›U †fvUvwaKvi wd«Wg †UªBj divwm I BwÛqvb‡`i hy× divwm wecøe †d«Â-K¨vbvwWqvb mxgvšÍ cjvZK µxZ`vm‡`i Rb¨ AvBb G gender genocide global economy “Good Neighbor Policy” graduated income tax Grange Great Britain Great Compromise Greece grids wj½ MYnZ¨v wek¦ A_©bxwZ ÒmycÖwZ‡ekx bxwZÓ ch©vqµwgK AvqKi Lvgvievwo †MÖU weª‡Ub †MÖU K‡¤úªvgvBR wMÖm QK H Harlem Renaissance Haymarket Riot heroes heroines Hinduism historian historical analysis historical developments holocaust human dignity human rights violations nv‡j©‡gi beRvMiY †ngv‡K©U ivqU exi, bvqK exiv½bv, bvwqKv wn›`yag© HwZnvwmK HwZnvwmK we‡kølY HwZnvwmK NUbvcÖevn asmhÁ, bvrwm evwnbxi Bûw` wbabhÁ gvbexq gh©v`v gvbevwaKvi j•Nb I identity ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) wPwýZ Kiv 6 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH illustrate impact impacts impeachment imperialism imperialist incarceration Incas income income tax India indigenous development industrial industrial power Industrial Revolution Industrial Workers of the World inflation initiative institution integrity interactions international internment interrelationships interstate interstate commerce interstate highway system intervention intolerance investments involvement Irish Islam isolation isolationism Italy ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI wek` Kiv cÖfve cÖfvemg~n Awfksmb mvgªvR¨ev` mvgªvR¨ev`x Kviviæ×KiY BbKv RvwZ Avq AvqKi fviZ †`kxq DbœwZ wkí msµvšÍ wk‡ívbœZ kw³ wkí wecøe `ywbqvi gR`yi gy`ªvùxwZ D‡`¨vM cÖwZôvb PvwiwÎK mZZv wg_w®Œqv AvšÍR©vwZK AšÍixY Kiv cvi¯úwiK m¤úK AvšÍt‡÷U AvšÍt‡÷U evwYR¨ AvšÍt‡÷U gnvmoK e¨e¯’v n¯Í‡ÿc AmwnòzZv wewb‡qvM mswkøóZv AvBwik Bmjvg wew”QbœZv wew”QbœZvev` BUuvwj 7 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI J Japanese Japanese-Americans Jews Judaism judicial review justice Rvcvwb RvcvwbR-Av‡gwiKvb Bûw` Bûw`ag© wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbv wePvi K Kansas-Nebraska Act Kellogg-Briand Pact kinship Knights of Labor Korean War K¨vbmvm-‡beiv¯‹v Pzw³ †KjM-eªvqvÛ Pzw³ AvZ¥xqZv 19 kZ‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© kªwgK BDwbqb †Kvwiqvb hy× L labor markets labor union land bridge Land Ordinance of 1785 Latin America latitude League of Nations legislation legislature leisure activities life expectancy limited government Lincoln-Douglas debate literature longitude Louisiana Purchase loyalists kªg evRvi kªwgK BDwbqb ¯’j †mZz 1785 mv‡ji fzwg Aa¨v‡`k jvwZb Av‡gwiKv welye‡iLv †_‡K `~ieZ©x ev wbKUeZ©x ¯’vbmg~n wjM Ae †bkÝ AvBb AvBbmfv& AeKvk Kvh©µg Avqz®‹vj mxwgZ miKvi wjsKb-WMjvm weZK© mvwnZ¨ `ªvwNgvsk divwm‡`i KvQ †_‡K jyBwRqvbv †Kbv AbyMZ `j M majority rule Manhattan Project Manifest Destiny ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) msL¨vMwi‡ôi kvmb Av‡gwiKvi cÖ_g AvbweK †evgv ˆZwii cwiKíbv †gwb‡d÷ †Ww÷wb 8 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI manufactured goods manufacturing Marshall Plan Mayas Mayflower Compact Memorial Day mercantilism Mexican War Mexicans Middle Ages middle class Midwest military minorities minority Missouri Compromise mobile society mobilization Monroe Doctrine monuments wkíRvZ cY¨ wk‡ívrcv`b gvk©vj cø¨vb gvqv RvwZ †gd¬vIqvi Pzw³ †g‡gvwiqvj †W evwYR¨Zš¿ †gw·Kvb hy× †gw·Kvb RbMY ga¨hyM ga¨weË †kªwY ga¨cwðg mvgwiK evwnbx msL¨vjwNô msL¨vjNy wg‡RŠwi K‡¤úªvgv&BR mPj mgvR D`‡hvRb, †mbv †gvZv‡qb gb‡iv WKwUªb ¯§„wZ¯Í¤¢ Muckrakers ivR‰bwZK I mvgvwRK© `ybx©wZwe‡ivax AbymÜvbx mvsevw`K N NAACP b¨vkb¨vj A¨v‡mvwm‡qki di `v A¨vWfv݇g›U Ae KvjvW© wccj NAFTA narratives national national origins nationalism Native American Indians NATO natural boundaries natural resources naturalization navigation b_© AvvgwiKvb wdª †UªW A¨vwm‡q‡kb DcvL¨vb RvZxq RvZxq DrcwË RvZxqZvev` Avw`evmx Av‡gwiKvb BwÛqvb b¨v‡Uv (b_© AvUjvw›UK wUªwU AM¨©vbvB‡Rkb) cÖvK…wZK mxgvbv cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` bvMwiKZ¡ jvf Kiv †bŠPvjb ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 9 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI navy Nazi Germany Nazi Holocaust Neolithic Revolution neutrality New Deal newspapers †bŠevwnbx bvrwm Rvg©vwb bvrwm n‡jvK÷ b‡evcjxq wecøe wbi‡cÿZv wbD wWj LeiKvMR noninterference (“laissez-faire”) A‡b¨i e¨vcv‡i n¯Í‡ÿc bv Kiv (Ò‡jB‡R-‡dqv‡iÓ) “normalcy” Northwest Ordinance nuclear nuclear families nuclear family nullification Ò¯^vfvweKZvÓ b_©I‡q÷ AwW©b¨vÝ cvigvYweK ÿz`ª cwievi ÿz`ª cwievi Awm×Zv O oil Open Door Policy opportunity costs oppression oral histories ordinance Oregon Territory overpopulation †Zj gy³ Øvi bxwZ myweav e¨q wbcxob AwjwLZ BwZnvm, †gŠwLK BwZnvm Aa¨v‡`k AwiMb †UwiUwi AwZRbmsL¨v P Panama Canal Parliament patriots cvbvgv Lvj msm` †`k‡cÖwgK patroonship system wbD BqK© I wbD Rvwm©i f‚Zc~e© WvP miKvi KZ©„K ZvjyKcÖÖvß f‚¯^vgx e¨e¯’v peace peacekeeping perceptions periodizations persecution Persian Gulf War kvwšÍ kvwšÍiÿv aviYv Aa¨vqKiY wbh©vZb cvim¨ DcmvMixq hy× ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 10 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH perspective pioneers plantation plantation system pledge of allegiance policy political boundaries political parties political power politics popular vote population Populist movement postwar Poughkeepsie Convention poverty preamble precedent Preindustrial Age President’s cabinet primary elections primary sources principles privileges proclamation productivity profit progressive Progressive leaders prohibition propaganda prosperity protests psychology Puritans pursuit of happiness ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI cwi‡cÖwÿZ w`kvix Avev` cø¨vb‡Ukb e¨e¯’v AvbyM‡Z¨i kc_, †cøR Ae GwjwR‡qÝ bxwZ ivR‰bwZK mxgvbv ivR‰bwZK `jmg~n ivR‰bwZK ÿgZv ivRbxwZ me©Rbxb †fvU RbmsL¨v RbZvi Av‡›`vjb hy‡×vËi wc‡Kcwm Kb‡fbkb `vwi`ª¨ gyLeÜ c~e©`„óvšÍ wkí-c~e© hyM ivóªcwZi gwš¿mfv cÖv_wgK wbe©vPb cÖv_wgK Drm bxwZgvjv myweav †NvlYv Drcv`b ÿgZv gybvdv cÖMwZkxj cÖMwZkxj†bZ…e„›` wb‡lavÁv cÖPviYv mg„w× cÖwZev` g‡bvweÁvb wcDwiUvb my‡Li A‡š^lY 11 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI Q †Kv‡qKvi KzB‡eK bxwZ †KvUv bxwZ Quakers Quebec Act Quota Act R racial racial discrimination racism railroads ratification rationing recall recall election reconstruction reductions referendum reform reform movement regulation reliability relief Renaissance reparation reparations representation repression “Republican” government Republican Party resignation restrict rights of the minority river civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Indus Valley) Rome ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) eY©ev`x eY©‰elg¨ eY©ev`x †ijiv¯Ív Aby‡gv`b †ikb e¨e¯’v Zje cybwbe©vPb cybtwbg©vY n«vm MY‡fvU ms¯‹vi ms¯‹viev`x Av‡›`vjb weavb wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv ÎvbmvgMÖx cybR©vMiY hy‡×i ÿwZc~iY hy‡×i ÿwZc~iYmg~n cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wb‡®úlY ÒcÖRvZvwš¿KÓ miKvi wicvewjKvb cvwU© B¯Ídv mxwgZKiY msL¨vjNy AwaKvi b`xeZ©x mf¨Zv (‡g‡mvcUvwgqv, wgki, wPb, wmÜz DcZ¨Kv) †ivg 12 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI Roosevelt Corollary K¨vwiweqvb I †m›Uªvj Av‡gwiKv -msµvšÍ iæR‡fë cÖewZ©Z bxwZ Roosevelt’s Executive Order 8802 Roosevelt’s Treaty of Portsmouth iæR‡f‡ëi 8802 wbe©vnx Av‡`k iæR‡f‡ëi †cvU©m&gv_ Pzw³ S scandals scholars scientific sculpture secession Second Continental Congress secondary sources sectional sedition Sedition Act of 1918 segregation self-government Senate separation of powers separatism settlement houses sharecropping Shay’s Rebellion shelter Sherman Antitrust Act significance skilled workers social commentary social sciences (anthropology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, and sociology) social scientific method social security socialism Socialist Party sociology ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) Kzrmv cwÐZ ˆeÁvwbK fv¯‹h© wew”Qbœ nIqv hy³iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i Ae¨ewnZ c‡ii Ks‡MÖm c‡ivÿ Drm AvswkK ivóª‡`ªvn 1918 mv‡ji †mwWkb A¨v± GKN‡iKiY ¯^-miKvi wm‡bU ÿgZvi wefw³ wew”QbœZvev` †m‡Uj‡g›U nvD‡mm eM©vPvl †k¨i we‡`ªvn Avkªq †kig¨vb A¨vw›U Uªv÷ A¨v± Zvrch© `ÿ kªwgK mvgvwRK weeiY mgvR weÁvb (b„weÁvb, A_©bxwZ, f‚‡Mvj, BwZnvm, ivóªweÁvb, g‡bvweÁvb I mgvRwe`¨v) mgvR weÁv‡bi c×wZ mvgvwRK wbivcËv mgvRZš¿ †mvkvwj÷ cvwU© mgvRweÁvb 13 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI soup kitchens Southwest Soviet Union Spanish-American War spatial organization sphere of influence spiritual beliefs “spoils system” Stamp Act standard of living states’ rights status quo statutes steel stock market stock market crash strategy sub-Saharan Africa suffrage Supreme Court decision T j½iLvbv `wÿYcwðg †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqg ¯ú¨vwbk-Av‡gwiKvb hy× ¯’vwbK web¨vm cÖfve ejq Ava¨vwZ¥K wek¦vm Ò¯ú‡qjm wm‡÷gÓ ÷¨v¤ú A¨v± RxebhvÎvi gvb †÷‡Ui AwaKvi h_vw¯’wZ mswewa B¯úvZ ÷K gv‡K©U ÷K gv‡K©‡U am †KŠkj mve-mvnvivb Avwd«Kv †fvUvwaKvi mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i wm×všÍ Tammany Hall U¨vgvwb nj tariff tariffs tax temperance territorial expansion territory three-fifths compromise timeframes totalitarian totalitarian societies Townsend Plan trade treaties (Citizen Genet, Jay, and Pinckney) Avg`vbxK…Z mvgMÖxi Dci ïé, ïé AvBb Avg`vbxK…Z mvgMÖxi Dci ïé, ïé AvBb Ki mshg GjvKv m¤úªmviY GjvKv wZb-cÂgvsk mg‡SvZv †gqv` GK”QÎev`x GK”QÎev`-wfwËK mgvR d«vwÝm UvDb‡mÛ cÖewZ©Z eq¯‹‡`i BÝy‡iÝ cø¨vb evwYR¨ Pyw³ (wmwU‡Rb †M‡bU, †R, I wcsKwb) ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 14 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI treaty ˆgÎxPzw³ trends triangular trade tribe Truman Doctrine trust trusts Tweed Ring aviv, cÖeYZv wÎfzR evwYR¨ †MvÎ Uªyg¨vb WKwUªb Av¯’v †gvP©v UzBW Pµ U underground railroad cvZvj †ij unemployment Union unionize United Nations United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights †eKviZ¡ BDwbqb †UªW BDwbq‡bi AvIZvq Avbv RvwZm•N RvwZm‡•Ni me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv V Versailles Treaty fvm©vB Pzw³ Veterans Day veto Vietnam War village †f‡UivÝ †W †f‡Uv wf‡qZbvg hy× MÖvg W wage gRywi wages Wagner Act war bonds War of 1812 Warsaw Pact waterway Western Hemisphere westward expansion westward migration gRywi IqvMbvi A¨v± Iqvi eÛ 1812 mv‡ji hy× Iqvik Pzw³ Rjc_ cwðg †Mvjva© cwð‡g m¤úªmviY cwð‡g cwihvqb ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 15 Intermediate-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH Whiskey Rebellion white collar white-collar employees women’s rights women’s suffrage workforce working conditions Works Progress Administration World Court world power World War I World War II worldviews Y BENGALI ûBw¯‹ we‡`ªvn KjgRxex KjgRxex PvKz‡i bvix AwaKvi gwnjv †fvUvwaKvi kªgkw³ Kg©¯’‡ji Ae¯’v IqvK©vm© cÖ‡MÖm A¨vWwgwb‡÷ªkb wek¦ Av`vjZ wek¦ kw³ cÖ_g wek¦hy× wØZxq wek¦hy× wek¦`„wó Yalta Conference wØZxq wek¦hy×Kv‡j iæR‡fí, PvwP©j I ¯Ívvwj‡bi g‡a¨ AbywôZ mfv “yellow journalism” Ònjy` mvsevw`KZvÓ ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 16
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