Glossary
Elementary School Level
Social Studies
Glossary
English / Urdu
Translation of Social Studies terms based
on the Coursework for Social Studies
Grades 3 to 5.
Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing
accommodations for ELL/LEP students
Last Updated: 08/10/09
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
Education - P-16
Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education
Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies
http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Regents of the University
MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. .......................................................................
MILTON L. COFIELD, Vice Chancellor, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. .........................................................
ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ...............................................................
SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................
JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................
ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ...................................................................................................
GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. .................................................................................
HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ...........................................................................................
JOSEPH E. BOWMAN, JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D.........................................................
JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ...............................................................................................
ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................................
KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................
CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. .............................................................................................................
BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D.....................................................
LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. .....................................................................................
CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ..........................................................................................
WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. .............................................................................................................
New York
Rochester
Tonawanda
New Rochelle
Plattsburgh
Syracuse
Belle Harbor
Hartsdale
Albany
Binghamton
Great Neck
Brooklyn
Manhattan
Bronx
Oakland Gardens
Staten Island
Rochester
Interim President of the University and Commissioner of Education
CAROLE F. HUXLEY
Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P–16
JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER
Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support
JEAN STEVENS
Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language Studies
PEDRO J. RUIZ
Acknowledgements:
The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and
updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State
Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical
Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York
City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education
Translation and Interpretation Unit.
The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran
status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs,
services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or
audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for
Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
A
A.D.
abilities
absence of government
absentee ballot
accomplishments
achievements
acid rain
across time and place
action plan
activities
adults
aerial photographs
AFL-CIO
Africa
agriculture
Algonquians
alike/different
allegiance
GûĔ ÃŀĕņĦ
ЎņĂņĶК/
Łμ7ŀćŀĸ đņĩ ŁIJ ĀĸŀijĊ
pKK ЙĻûþùûĩ
±ûņýûņĸûIJ / ЭĸûĻ9ûIJ / ĴņĹijā
ЭĸûĻ9ûIJ / ±ûņýûņĵŀěĊ
Āņý/Ēņā ŁùŀК ŁĶņĿŞ Ўņĸ ûĞĬ
ğņċĸ đŞ Hûİĸ K ĀįK
Йýŀěļĸ ŁĶĹĦ
±ûņĸđμđĔ
IûĪĵûý
đŅŀěā Łúμ Łĵ Ўņĸ ûĞĬ
ĴúŅđŐĔŻĻ/ D* ēŅđνĻûIJ ŻļŅ/ đþņĵ D* ĺĘŅ9ŻņĬ ĺIJđņĸ/
(AFL-CIO) ĒļĘŅĒùûļμ9*
ЙİŅđĬ/
ĀĦ/9:
I/ďĻûč ĺŅŻĻ/ ĺijŅđĸ/ Ўņĸ ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė) ĒļņùŀIJ Iŀνĵ/
(Iûý: ŁijĻ/ 9K/
īĶĂĎĸ / ĴĄûĹĸ
Ã9/7ûĬK / Ã9/ďħýûā
alternative solutions
ĴĊ G7ûþĂĸ
altiplano
ĥĭāđĸ ĉġĔ
altitude
amendment
American democracy: ideals,
values/principles of
American Revolution, the Americas
Americas
ancestor
Antarctic Circle
Antarctica
anthem
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ÃďļĶý ЭĔ 9ďļĹĔ ĉġĔ / Aûĭā9/
ķņĸđā
ЭIJ ;/ / 9/ďį/ &Ўņĵûąĸ ďņĶİā Ĵýûį :ĀŅ9ŀЛĹć ŁijŅđĸ/
GŀĚ/
ŁġĔK &ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė) :ûijŅđĸ/ Ã7 &0пİĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/
(Ўņļņĸ: ĜŅđĦ K ĥņĔK ŁIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ Łýŀļć 9K/ ЙijŅđĸ/
:ûijŅđĸ/
7/ďć/Kûý*
Łýŀļć üġį ¸đù/7
Łýŀļć üġį
ЙĻ/đā
1
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
ûĻđIJ 2ûļņħā / 9đİĸ
appoint
appointed leaders
ĺŅďùûį ¸7đIJ9đİĸ
¸ďЛĦ ¸7đIJ9đİĸ
appointed office
archaeologists
ЙĹŅďį 9ûĄ* ĺŅđКûĸ
Arctic Circle
ŁĵûĹė Йİġļĸ ¸đù/7
ŀĶЛŞ / Эþį9
areas
đĈļý
arid
ĺĬ / p9*
art
ЭĻŀĹĻ ЭIJ ŁĦûļĚ ŁIJ ČŅ9ûā Ĵþįûĸ / Ã9ûIJ ĀĔ7
artifacts
:ûĔ IŀĻûį ēĶĈĸ / AûĹĂć/
assembly
Йć97 9/K/ďņŞ ŁĂħļĚ ŁùŀIJ đŞ ĺć ЎņĶIJ 9/K üņāđā
assembly line
ЭĶijĻ đIJŀК 9ûņā Йć9ďý
9ûņĂč/ 0ûý9/ / 9ûņĂč/ / ¸9ďĂİĸ
authority
±ûŅđĹĦ ĉĻ/ŀĔ ĀėŀĻ 7ŀč
autobiographies
ÃđĹĦ ĉĻ/ŀĔ ĀėŀĻ 7ŀč
autobiography
±ûŅ‫ڑ‬ûμđŏŀĸ
automobiles
ŁýûņĂĔ7
availability
avenues of participation
ЭĂĔ/9 ЭIJ ĀIJđė
9K/ Éďļėûý ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ ЭĶņþį Łĸûİĸ ЭIJ ŀijņĕijņĸ
aztecs
Iûý: ŁijĻ/
B
B.C.
backgrounds
barter
Ĵþį ЭĔ ĉņĕĸ 27оK
đĤļĸ ēŞ
Ã9ûIJ Йĵ7ûþĸ
basic
ÃĒIJđĸ / Ã7ûņļý
basin
üņĘĻ Ўņĸ ĉġĔ Ã9ďļĹĔ ûŅ ĺņĸ:
Battle of Quebec
battles
before/after
belief
belief system
beliefs
Bill of Rights
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ΫņýŀIJ λļć
±ûņù/Ǽĵ / Ўņνļć
ďħý / Ĵþį
¸ďņİĦ
¸ďņİĦ HûĤĻ
ďùûİĦ
ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 ŁIJ 1791 ŁĸûĻ EŀİĊ Эù/đý ¸7ŀĕĸ ŁĻŀĻûį
2ûĹņĸđā Łļņù* ŁIJ ¸ďċĂĸ
2
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
±ûŅđĹĦ ĉĻ/ŀĔ
biographies
ÃđĹĦ ĉĻ/ŀĔ
biography
đùûč8 Łý*
bodies of water
ďĊđĔ
border
ЭĔ üĻûć ŁIJ ±K9ûIJ 7ûý*ŀĻ ŁijŅđĸ/) Łŏ9ûŞ Łŏ ĺŐĔŀý
Boston Tea Party
Ўņĸ ēć ¸đКûĤĸ ûņμ ûņIJ Dпč ЭIJ ŁĹĤĦ ЙņĻûĠđý
ûŅ7đIJ ¸ûþā ŀIJ ±Kđņľ‫ ڈ‬Эļý ЭIJ ЭùûŶ Ўņĸ ±K:ûЛć Ãđċý
(ûņμ
Ãďļý ďĊ
boundary
(pûijņùûý) ЙħĠûİĸ
boycott
branches of government
British North America Act
(ЙņĵďĦ &Йļļİĸ &ЙĹĤĂļĸ) Ўņčûė ŁĂĸŀijĊ
IŀĻûį Мġýûĝ ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė ÃŀĻûĠđý
ŎĈý / ЙļņĹĎā Łāûć/đč/
budget
C
cabinet
cable
calendar
campaign
Canada
Canadian Bill of Rights
canal
capital (state and money)
capital goods
capital resources
capitalism
cardinal directions
cause
celebrate
celebration
ЙļņýûIJ / ĀĸŀijĊ I/đņĘĸ
S
9ûā ŁIJ ŁĶĈý
9ŻļĶņIJ
Łù/K99ûIJ ķĤļĸ / ķЛĸ
/ŻņļņIJ
EŀİĊ Эù/đý ¸7ŀĕĸ ŁĻŀĻûį ÃŻņļņIJ
Łý* ŁĦŀļěĸ Эņĵ ЭIJ Łėûşý* ûŅ ĀĬ9Kďĸ* / đЛĻ
¸ûμ9Ēμ
(ЙŅûĸđĔ 9K/ ĀĔûŅ9) Āĸŀijċĵ/9/7
N
Ўņĸ 9/K/ďņŞ ŁIJ õņė/ ŀć ¸đņĩK ĺņĘĸ ûĚŀěč) ‫ک‬пĸ/
(±ŀК Łνĵ
ĥù/98 ЭIJ ЭùûĸđĔ
Ã9/7 ЙŅûĸđĔ
&GûĹė &0đĪĸ &EđĘĸ) ЎņĂĹĔ 9ûŶ ŁIJ ûĹĻ üġį
(0ŀļć
üþĔ / ЙćK
ûĻûļĸ ĺĘć ûŅ Łėŀč
9/ŀЛā &ûĻđIJ /7/ / ûĻûļĸ Łėŀč
celebrations
9/ŀЛā &ĺĘć
census
Ã9ûĹė H7đĸ
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
3
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
Central America
URDU
ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁġĔK
century
ÃďĚ
change
ŁĶŅďþā
6ûė ΫŅ/ ŁĕIJ ŁIJ ĀĸŀijĊ ŀć ĺņĻ/ŀį ЭIJ ±ŀņù/K99ûIJ
checks and balances
9K/ ЎŅđIJ ĀĹĊ/Ēĸ ŁIJ ЭĻŀК đāđý ЭĔ 6ûė ÃđĔK7 ŀIJ
ЎņĿIJ9 9/đįđý I:/ŀā Ã9ûņĂč/
child labor
children
Chippewa
choice
choices
citizen
citizenship
civic life
Ã9K7Ēĸ ŁĶĭĠ
Эŷý
/Ǽý ЭĔ üĔ ĥį/K Ўņĸ GûĹė ЭIJ ŀijņĕijņĸ / /ŀņşŶ
¸Kđμ ĺŅŻĻ/ ĺijŅđĸ/
ďļĕŞ / 0ûĎĂĻ/
2ûýûĎĂĻ/
ÃđЛė
ĀŅđЛė
ŁμďĻ: ÃđЛė
civic values
9/ďį/ ÃđЛė
civil rights
EŀİĊ ÃđЛė
civil rights movement
civil wars
civilization
civilizations
clans
classroom
ΫŅđċā ŁIJ EŀİĊ ÃđЛė
Łνļć ЙĻûč
H/ŀį/ 0ĐЛĸ / üŅĐЛā
ЎņþŅĐЛā
Ĵùûþį
HK9 ;пIJ
climate
2оûĊ ŁĹĔŀĸ
clothing
ÉǼşIJ / ;ûþĵ
collect taxes
colonial
colonial governments
ûĻđIJ GŀĚK ēijņŏ
ŁāûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ
ЎņĂĸŀijĊ ŁāûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ
colonies
±ûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ
colonists
9ûIJ7ûý*ŀĻ
colony
Committees of Correspondence
common good
commonwealth
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
Ã7ûý*ŀĻ
±ûņŐņĹIJ ŁāпĔ/đĸ
HûĦ 5пĬ / 2ûĦŀļěĸ HûĦ
ЙIJđĂĘĸ ĀĵK7 / ķņĤļā ŁIJ ±ŀĵ/K ЭļĿIJ9 2/7ûĭĸ ЙIJđĂĘĸ
4
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
ЙIJđĂĘĸ ĀĵK7 ÃŀĻûĠđý
Commonwealth of Nations
2пĔ/đĸ / Bпý/ K 9ûЛģ/
communication
communism
ĀņijĶĸ Łĸ/ŀĦ ‫ک‬пĸ/ HûĹā ±ûЛć ¸đėûħĸ ¸K) ĀņIJ/đĂė/
(±ŀК
±ûŅ97/đý
communities
community
AûĹĂć/ / Ã97/đý
community service
2ûĸďč ŁùûĹĂć/
¸ďКûĸ
compact
Ĵýûİā / ЙĻ:/ŀĸ
compare/contrast
compass
ûĹĻ üġį
compromise
ûāŀĿĈĹĔ
ķņĶħā Łĸ:о
compulsory education
đŏŀņşĹIJ
computer
confederacy
7ûċā/ ûIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9 ¸ďċĂĸ / <:ûĔ
DпĂč/ / A:ûļā
conflict
ĴĊ ûIJ 2ûĬпĂč/
conflict resolution
2ûĬпĂč/ &2ûĦ:ûļā
conflicts
ēŅđνĻûIJ
congress
ĉāûĬ
conquistador
consequences
conservation
consideration
Constitution of the State of New York
Constitution of the United States
ĆùûĂĻ
T
ĴùûĔK Łā9ďį K GŀĊûĸ ûĚŀěč) Āė/ďЛνĻ ûŅ Ģĭċā
N
(ûIJ
Ã9/7/K9 / đijĬ K 9ŀĩ
‫ک‬9ûŅŀņĻ ĀĔûŅ9
ĺņù*
S
S
¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 ĺņù*
S
constitutional democracy
ĀŅ9ŀЛĹć Łļņù*
consumer
9/ďŅđč / D9ûĚ
consumers
consumption
consumption of goods
continent
Continental Congress
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ĺņĬ9ûĚ
Q
GûĹħĂĔ/ ûŅ Ã9/ďŅđč ŁIJ õņė/ ûŅ Gûĸ &DđĚ
GûĹħĂĔ/ ûŅ Ã9/ďŅđč ŁIJ õņė/ ûŅ Gûĸ
ķĤĦ/đý
Łĸŀį ŁĶЛŞ ŁIJ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9) ēŅđνĻûIJ ĴŐļļņŐĻûIJ
(ĀĸŀijĊ
5
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
Iûņĸ97 ЭIJ ±K9ûľ7 ŁIJ ±ŀĻûŐŶ Ã‫ڑ‬ûЛŞ ŁIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė
Continental Divide
đċý &ĴКûijĵ/đċý ЭIJđIJ ķņĕİā ŀIJ 0* ŀć ğč ûIJ
ЭùûЛý DđĠ ŁIJ ŁĵûĹė đċý &;ŀĻûņįK/
ķĤĦ/đý
continents
7KďĊ ŁIJ ;/ ŀć ğč ûŅ ЙIJûč ûIJ Эė ûŅ ķĕć ŁĕIJ
contour
9ŀġļį &ÉđIJ đКûģ ŀIJ
ûĻŀК ±ûŅûĹĻ EđĬ / ЙĻ:/ŀĸ
contrast
¸ďļŶ ûŅ Эė ûŅ ķį9 Łĵ/K ЭĻđIJ ķК/đĬ
contributions
IKûħā
cooperation
2ûć/đč/ / ĀņĹį / }đč
costs
;ûşIJ ±ûЛć ĀĦ/9: Мġč Ўņĸ ŁijŅđĸ/ ŁįđĘĸ 0ŀļć
cotton belt
Эùûć Łùûμ/
ĀņąņĊ Łĵûĸ ŁIJ ęĎė ŁĕIJ / ДIJûĔ
credit
2/9ûņħĸ
criteria
cultural characteristics
cultural contributions
cultural differences
2ûņĚŀěč ŁĂĬûİĄ
7/ďĸ/ ŁĂĬûİĄ
EđĬ ŁĂĬûİĄ
ĴĹĦ ûIJ ĴņĶċā ŁĂĬûİĄ
T
Aŀļā ŁĂĬûİĄ
cultural diffusion
cultural diversity
¸Kđμ ŁĂĬûİĄ
cultural groups
ĀĬûİĄ
culture
cultures - characteristics,
distriubtion, complexity of
ŁμďņŷņŞ ŁIJ ;/ &ķņĕİā &2ûņĚŀěč - ЎņĂĬûİĄ
currency
Āįŀĵ/ Ćù/9 МijĔ
customs
2ûŅ/K9 / 2ûĸŀĔ9
D
day
De Witt Clinton
decade
decision
decision-making
decisions
declaration
Declaration of Independence
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
I7
(De Witt Clinton) ĺŐļĶIJ pK Ã‫ڈ‬
2ďĸ ŁIJ GûĔ ;7
ЙĶěņĬ
Ã:ûĔ ЙĶěņĬ
ЭĶěņĬ
g
ÃŀĦ7 / IпĦ/ ûIJ ЭĻûĂć ĮĊ ŁĻŀĻûį
ЙņĸпĦ/ ûIJ ЭĻûĂć Ã7/:* ûIJ (±ŀĂĔûŅ9) ĀĔûŅ9
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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
/9ûļIJ ŁąĶąĸ &/9ûļIJ ÃŀĻûК7 &/‫ڑ‬ûĿνļĔ
delta
ĀŅ9ŀЛĹć
democracy
Democratic Party
Łŏ9ûŞ Ã9ŀЛĹć
democratic principles
GŀĚ/ Ã9ŀЛĹć
democratic values
9/ďį/ Ã9ŀЛĹć
developed nations
Ўņĸŀį ЙĂĬûŅ Łįđā
developing nations
Ўņĸŀį đŅĐŞ Łįđā
±ûņįđā
developments
diagram
ЙIJûč
diagrams
ЭIJûč
dictatorship
ĀŅđĸ*
ĴĄûĹĸ / īĶĂĎĸ
different/same
direction
ĀĹĔ
diseases
±ûŅ9ûĹņý &>/đĸ/
ĖùûĹĻ
display
disputes
ăċý / 9/đijā
distance
ЙĶĚûĬ
distribution
ķņĕİā
diverse
Aŀļā
diversity
AŀļĂĸ
ĒŅKûĂĔ7
document
ĴĹĦ üć/K
due process
±ûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ }‫ڈ‬
Dutch colonies
Dutch West India Company
ŁļşĹIJ ûŅŻĻ/ ŎĕŅK }‫ڈ‬
E
earn
Earth’s surface
economic
economic capital
economic concepts
economic decision making
economic decisions
economic development
economic factors
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ûĻđIJ ĴĚûĊ / ûĻûĹIJ
ĉġĔ Łļņĸ:
Ã7ûěĂį/
ЙŅûĸđĔ Ã7ûěĂį/
2ûŅđĤĻ Ã7ûěĂį/
Ã:ûĔ ЙĶěņĬ Ã7ûěĂį/
ЭĶěņĬ Ã7ûěĂį/
Łįđā Ã7ûěĂį/
Ĵĸ/ŀĦ Ã7ûěĂį/
7
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
economic growth
economic interdependence
economic systems
URDU
Ėù/ĒĬ/ Ã7ûěĂį/
9ûěċĻ/ ŁĹКûý Ã7ûěĂį/
HûĤĻ Ã7ûěĂį/
economics
2ûņėûħĸ
economies
2ûŅ7ûěĂį/
effects
elect
elected leaders
elected office
election
Ellis Island
emigrants
empathy
2/đĄ/
ûĻđIJ üĎĂļĸ
ĺŅďùûį üĎĂļĸ
¸ďЛĦ üĎĂļĸ
2ûýûĎĂĻ/
ŻļņĶù* ēĶŅ/
đćûЛĸ
đĠûč ĮĶħā &Ã79ďĹК ŁļК8
employee
(H:пĸ) đņć/
employer
(о/K ЭļĿIJ9 đŞ Āĸ:пĸ) đć*
encomienda system
encounter
enforce
English colonies
environment
environmental factors
equality
equality of opportunity
ŁIJ HûĤĻ ûIJ ĺņĸ:пĸ Ўņĸ ЙijŅđĸ/ ÃŀĻûşĕК ŁāûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ
Āņĵŀā
2ûįпĸ / ЙĶýûİĸ
ûĻđIJ ĐĬûĻ
±ûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ ĒŅđνĻ/
GŀĊûĸ
đĚûļĦ ûŅ Ĵĸ/ŀĦ ŁāûņĵŀĊûĸ
2/Kûĕĸ
ĥį/ŀĸ ÃKûĕĸ
era
9K7 ŁĎŅ9ûā / ďЛĦ
eras
9/K7/ ŁĎŅ9ûā / ďЛĦ
ethnic
ethnic group
ethnicity
Europe
European encounter and
exchanges-of technologies, plants,
animals, diseases
events
exchange
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
Łĸŀį
¸Kđμ Łĸŀį
Āņĸŀį
u9ŀŅ
ŁŞ9ŀŅ ŁIJ ±ŀŅ9ûĹņý 9K/ &2ûĻ/ŀņĊ &2ûāûþĻ &±ŀņćŀĵûļijŏ
Эĵ7ûþā 9K/ ûļĸûĔ
2ûħį/K
Йĵ7ûþā
8
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
ŁĸûĤĂĻ/
executive
executive branch of government
6ûė ŁĸûĤĂĻ/ ŁIJ ĀĸŀijĊ
ĴĹĦ ûIJ ĥņĔŀā
expansion
exploitation
GûěċĂĔ/
exploration
Įņİċā &ēĕĈā
7/đĬ/ Эĵ/K ЭĻđIJ <пā ûŅ Įņİċā
explorers
2/ďĸ*đý
exports
F
facilities
fact/opinion
factors of production
factory
family
far/near
federal
federal government
Ўņā9ûĹĦ / 2ûņĵŀЛĔ
Эù/9 / ĀİņİĊ
Ĵĸ/ŀĦ Ã9/K/ďņŞ
ЙĻûč9ûIJ
I/ďĻûč / ЙĻûč Ĵ
S К/
üŅđį / đŞ ЭĶĚûĬ ûŅ 9K7
ŁįûĬK
ĀĸŀijĊ ŁįûĬK
festival
9/ŀЛā
festivals
9/ŀЛā
flag
ķŶđŞ / /ŻļĿć
folktale
ŁĻûЛIJ ‫ک‬ŀĵ
folktales
±ûņĻûЛIJ ‫ک‬ŀĵ
food
ûĻûĿIJ / HûħĠ
forced relocation
ŁĻûijĸ ĴİĻ Ãđþć
foreign policy
ŁĕņĵûŞ Йć9ûč
foreign relations
2ûİĶħā Йć9ûč
Fort Orange
foundation
(ĆļŅ9K/ p9ŀĬ) ЙħĶį ŁĈĻ9ûĻ
7ûņļý / ЙĔûĔ/
free enterprise
9ûýK9ûIJ 7/:*
free trade
29ûĈā 7/:*
freedom
7/:*
French Canadians
ĺŅŻņļņIJ ŁĕņĕĻ/đĬ
French colonies
±ûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ ŁĕņĕĻ/đĬ
frontier
functions of government
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ďĊ ŁĻûņĸ97 ŁIJ ±ŀįпĦ 7ûý* đņĩ 9K/ 7ûý*
GûħĬ/ ЭIJ ĀĸŀijĊ
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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
fundamental economic questions
fundamental values
URDU
2о/ŀĔ Ã7ûěĂį/ Ã7ûņļý
9/ďį/ Ã7ûņļý
ĴþİĂĕĸ
future
G
game
gender
generation
geographic characteristics
geographic factors
geographic features
geographic features/areas
geographic information
geography
geological processes
global warming
globe
globes
goods and services - production,
distribution, exchange, consumption
of
goods
govern
ĴņĿIJ
ēļć īļĚ
S
ŁľǼņŞ &ĴĕĻ
2ûņĚŀěč ŁùûņĬ/đĪć
Ĵĸ/ŀĦ ŁùûņĬ/đĪć
2ûņĚŀěč ŁùûņĬ/đĪć
Эġč / 2ûņĚŀěč ŁùûņĬ/đĪć
2ûĸŀĶħĸ ŁùûņĬ/đĪć
ЙņĬ/đĪć
9ûIJ ĮŅđĠ Łāûņĝ9/
29/đĊ Ėù/ĒĬ/ ÃKđIJ
ĺņĸ: / ¸đIJ
T
ÉđIJ
ûIJ I/ &Йĵ7ûþā &ķņĕİā &9/K/ďņŞ - 2ûĸďč K )ûņė/
GûĹħĂĔ/
õņė/
ûĻŀК ķIJûĊ / ûĻđIJ ĀĸŀijĊ
governance
ŁĻ/đĹijĊ :đĠ
government
ĀĸŀijĊ
Great Depression
grid
ŁĂĕŞ Łėûħĸ
Эúĵ ЭIJ Эĵ/ŀĊ ЭIJ 2ûĸûİĸ đŞ ЭĘİĻ / Łĵûć 'ЙĶνļć
?ŀġč ЭùŀК Эļý
Gross Domestic Product
9/K/ďņŞ ŁνĻûč ŁĦŀĹĈĸ
Gross National Product
9/K/ďņŞ Łĸŀį ŁĦŀĹĈĸ
groups
¸Kđμ
growth
ÃđāŀľǼý &Ėù/ĒĬ/
Gulf Stream
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
Ϋā ;ŀĻûņįK/ đċý đIJŀК AKđė ЭĔ ŀijņĕijņĸ ĆņĶč
K9 ŁIJ ŁĻûŞ Hđμ Ã9ďļĹĔ Łĵ/K ЭļĶŶ
10
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
H
ĖùûК9 / ĀĻŀijĔ Эùûć
habitat
ŁК/đýđĔ ¸ďċĂĸ ŁIJ Ĵùûþį ДŶ ЭIJ ĺŅŻĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/ ЭĶЛŞ
Haudenosaunee
ĀċĚ
health
hemisphere
>9/ ¸đIJ īěĻ
historic events
2ûħį/K ŁĎŅ9ûā
ŁĎŅ9ûā
historical
historical evidence
historical narratives
history
Holidays ( Columbus Day, Election
Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving,
New Years Day, Dr. Martin Luther
King Day, Presidents Day, Memorial
Day, Flag Day)
home
2ŀþĄ ŁĎŅ9ûā
2ûħį/K ŁĎŅ9ûā
ČŅ9ûā
&É‫ ڈ‬ĒĻđŐŅK &É‫ ڈ‬ĺĘijņĵ/ &É‫ ڈ‬ēþĹĵŀIJ) 2пņġħā
đĿāŀĵ ĺŏ9ûĸ đŐIJ/‫& ڈ‬É‫ ڈ‬:đúŅ/ ŀņĻ &λĻŀņνĕijļņĿā
(É‫ ڈ‬λņĶĬ &É‫ ڈ‬ĴúŅ9ŀĹņĸ &É‫ ڈ‬ēŐļŅŻŅĒŅđŞ &É‫ ڈ‬λļIJ
đĿμ
ЎŅďņĸ/
hopes
House of Representatives
IûμďļùûĹĻ I/ŀŅ/
IûĕĻ/ / ÃđĘý ēļć
human
human capital
ЙŅûĸđĔ ŁĻûĕĻ/
human migration
2đĈК ŁĻûĕĻ/
human migrations
ЎņāđĈК ŁĻûĕĻ/
human resources
ĴùûĔK ŁĻûĕĻ/
human rights
ŁĻûĕĻ/ EŀİĊ
human settlements
±ûŅ7ûý* ŁĻûĕĻ/
HûĤĻ ŁĻûĕĻ/
human systems
I
ideals of American democracy
Ideas
identity
2оûņč Łĵûąĸ ЭIJ ĀŅ9ŀЛĹć ĺijŅđĸ/
2оûņč
Āčûļė / IûŷЛŞ
immigrants
ĺŅđćûЛĸ
immigration
ŁļĠK ĴİĻ
important
imports
inaugurated confederation
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ķК/
2/ďĸ*97
ЙŅ7ûċā/ ŁĊûĂĂĬ/
11
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
Incas
income
indentured servant
independence
indigenous peoples
individual
individual rights
individual rights to life, liberty, pursuit
of happiness.
individuals
URDU
Ўņĸ KđņŞ Ĵþį ЭĔ 2ûĊŀĂĬ ŁŞ9ŀŅ Ўņĸ ЙijŅđĸ/) ûijĻ/S
(ĀļġĶĔ ÃǼý ЭĔ üĔ Łĵ/K Эļĕý
ŁĻďĸ*
H:пĸ ¸7đIJ ¸ďКûĸ
Ã7/:*
7/đĬ/ Łĸûİĸ
7đĭļĸ / ďĊ/K 7đĬ
EŀİĊ Ã7/đĭĻ/
ŁIJ ±ŀņėŀč &Ã7/:* &2ûņĊ Эù/đý EŀİĊ Ã7/đĭĻ/
ŀĈĂĕć
=ûĎė/ / 7/đĬ/
industrial expansion
ĀħĔK ŁĂħļĚ
industrial growth
Ėù/ĒĬ/ ŁĂħļĚ
industrial growth/expansion
Industrial Revolution
industrialization
industry
inhabitants
interdependence
interdependent
international organizations
interpret law
interpret laws
interpretations
Inuits
invention
inventions
Iroquois
Iroquois Confederacy
irrigation
issues
isthmus
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ĀħĔK / Ėù/ĒĬ/ ŁĂħļĚ
0пİĻ/ ŁĂħļĚ
Ã9ûIJ ĀħļĚ
ĀħļĚ
Éďļėûý
9ûěċĻ/ ŁĹКûý
đνŅďijŅ МĂĕý/K
ЎņĹņĤļā Łĸ/ŀįо/ ĺņý
ĉŅđĘā ŁIJ IŀĻûį / ŁĻûĹćđā ŁIJ IŀĻûį
ĉŅđĘā ŁIJ ĺņĻ/ŀį / ŁĻûĹćđā ŁIJ ĺņĻ/ŀį
ĉŅđĘā &ŁĻûĹćđā
ŀĹņijĔ/ ĴĄûĹĸ đŞ 9ŀĠ ŁĂĬûİĄ ЭIJ ±ŀįпĦ ŁĵûĹė
Éďļėûý
7ûĈŅ/
2/7ûĈŅ/
¸Kđμ ΫŅ/ ûIJ Ĵùûþį ĺŅŻĻ/ ĺijŅđĸ/
7ûċā/ Эù/ŀIJ/9/S ЭĶņþį ĺŅŻĻ/ ĺijŅđĸ/
Łėûşý* / Ã9ûņý*
9ŀĸ/
ЭùûļIJûč
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Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
J
judgments
ЭĶěņĬ
judicial
ŁĂĵ/ďĦ
judicial branch of government
6ûė ŁIJ ЙņĵďĦ ŁIJ ĀĸŀijĊ
6ûė ŁIJ ЙņĵďĦ
judicial branch
ĀĸŀijĊ ďħý ЭIJ 0пİĻ/ ŀć Йĵŀŏ Łė:ûĔ / ķņĤļā Йņĭč
junta
ЭĵđIJ ЙĞþį đŞ
ĀĦûĹć ŁIJ ±ŀŷļŞ
jury
9ŀĸûĸ đŞ Āĸďč ŁIJ ŵļŞ
jury service
DûěĻ/
justice
K
ĺŏ9ûμ9ŻļIJ
kindergarten
L
labor
labor force
labor movement
labor union
land formations
land masses
languages
Latin America
latitude
laws
đņć/ &ĖIJ Āļċĸ / Āĸ:пĸ &Ã9K7Ēĸ
Ã9K7Ēĸ
ĺņĸ:пĸ ΫŅđċā
ĺúņĻŀŅ ŁIJ ĺņĸ:пĸ
ĀčûĔ Łā9ďį ŁIJ ĺņĸ:
/Ǽijŏ /Ǽý ûIJ ĺņĸ:
ЎņĻûý:
ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁļņĠо
ďĶý >đĦ
ĺņĻ/ŀį
laws/rules
ğý/ŀĝ / ĺņĻ/ŀį
leaders
IûК/đýđĔ &ĺŅďùûį
Q
ЙŅ7ûċā/ H/ŀį/
League of Nations
learn
ûļĿijņĔ
legal
ŁĻŀĻûį
legends
legislative branch
legislative branch of government
legislature
liberty
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
đņĠûĔ/ / Эěį ŁĂŅ/K9
Йþħė :ûĔ IŀĻûį
6ûė :ûĔ IŀĻûį ŁIJ ĀĸŀijĊ
T
Йļļİĸ / ¸9/7/ :ûĔ IŀĻûį
Ã7/:*
13
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
ЙĻûč üĂIJ / ÃđŅđþùо
library
library resources
ĴùûĔK ЭIJ ÃđŅđþùо
2ûņĊ / ŁμďĻ:
life
2ûņĊ :đĠ
S
ûĻđIJ ďļĕŞûĻ / ûĻđIJ ďļĕŞ
lifestyle
like/dislike
7Kďċĸ
limited
limited resources
ĴùûĔK 7Kďċĸ
7Kďċĸо / 7Kďċĸ
limited/unlimited
Łĸûİĸ
local
local government
ĀĸŀijĊ Łĸûİĸ
ЙįпĦ Łĸûİĸ
local region
Hûİĸ
location
ďļý Ĵĭį
lock
ĺĈĻ/ 9ûIJ7ŀč / ĺĈĻ/ ŁĻûč7 / ûIJ uûĿý
locomotive
Ўņĸ ĀįK ķŅďį / ЭĶЛŞ ĀЛý
long ago
ûIJ ±ŀμŀĵ ŁĶùûþį ЭIJ ďņħý EđĘĸ 9K/ ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė
longhouse
đĿμ ŁĂŅûŷļŞ ûþĹĵ ‫ک‬đĂĘĸ
ďĶþĵ/ GŀĠ
longitude
ЭIJ Żļņĵđù* ŁĵûĹė 9K/ ŁĹĤĦ МņĻûĠđý &ĀĔ𪠸ûė
loyalist
ŁĸûĊ ûIJ Eûċĵ/ ŁĻûĹņĵ9ûŞ Iûņĸ97
Ã9/7ûĬK
loyalty
M
maize
majority rule
make laws
manor
manufacture
manufacturing
maps
markets
mass starvation
Mayas
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
T
ûŐĿý ûIJ Łúijĸ / /7ŀŞ ûIJ Łúijĸ
ŁĹĂĊ ЙĶěņĬ ûIJ ĀŅđąIJ/ Ўņĸ 29ŀĚ ŁIJ Эù/9 DпĂč/
S
ĀĸŀijĊ Ã9ŀЛĹć / ûĻŀК
ûĻûļý ĺņĻ/ŀį
𪠱ŀļņĸ: ŁIJ 5đĠ ±ŀĻK7 ĀėûIJ 9K/ đņĔ Łĝ/9/ )Йħġį
Ã9/7đņμûć / ĴĹĂĘĸ
ûĻđIJ 9ûņā 2ûĦŀļěĸ
Ã9ûņā ŁIJ õņė/ đŞ ЭĻûĹņŞ ŁĂħļĚ
ЭĘİĻ
Q
9/:ûý / ±ûŅŻļĸ
ŁĘIJ ЙįûĬ đŞ ЭĻûĹņŞ ÉǼý
(7/đĬ/ ЭIJ Hŀį ķŅďį ΫŅ/ ŁIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁġĔK) ûŅûĸ
14
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
Mayflower Compact
megalopolis
URDU
¸ďКûħĸ 9KпĬЭĸ
T
7пþĵ/ H/ &đЛė ķņĤĦ
ĺIJ9 / đþĹĸ
member
ķùûį đŞ 9ŀĠ ЭIJ 9ûμ7ûŅ ŁIJ Эħį/K ûŅ ęĎė ŁĕIJ
memorials
¸đņĩK üŅđİā& ķĔ9 &đņĹħā ¸7đIJ
merchant
đμ/7ŀĔ 'đćûā
meridians
Hûİĸ ŁĕIJ đŞ ĺņĸ: 9K/ ÃKûĹĔ ĺņþġį / ¸đņЛĤĵ/ ķùûį
T
/ Éđù/7 ЙĝKđĭĸ о/K ЭĻ9Ēμ ЭĔ đŞ ;/đĵ/ ĀĹĔ ŁIJ
9ûЛļĵ/ īěĻ ?ŀġč
ЙįпĦ ЙİċĶĸ ЭĔ ŁşĔ Łĕĸ ŁĵûĹė
midwest
2đĈК
migration
migration/immigration
millenium
millennia
ŁļĠK ĴİĻ / 2đĈК
T
27ûħĔ īĵ/ / 2ďĸ ЙĵûĔ 9/ĒК
T
2ďĸ ЙĵûĔ 9/ĒК
ŁļIJ IûIJ
mining
minority rights, respect for
Ўņĸ H/đĂĊ/ ЭIJ ... &EŀİĊ ŁĂņĶį/
ЙĹК ŀć 9ûIJûĝ9 ŁćŀĬ ûIJ ЭĻûĸ: ЭIJ 0пİĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/
minutemen
ŁКûşĔ ďħĂĕĸ / ûĿā ûĂК9 9ûņā Эņĵ ЭIJ λļć ĀįK
Mississippi River
ŁşĔ Łĕĸ ЭùûŅ97
2ďć &7ďĈā
modernization
ûĻđIJ ķņĸđā
modify
ĀКûė7ûý
monarchy
ķį9
money
ЭļņЛĸ
months
đņĹħā 9ûμ7ûŅ &29ûĹĦ ŁĎŅ9ûā
monument
2/đņĹħā 9ûμ7ûŅ &2/9ûĹĦ ŁĎŅ9ûā
monuments
2ûIJđċĸ &ĀņĻ
motives
movement of people and goods
(ŁĻûijĸ ĴİĻ) ĀIJđĊ ŁIJ õņė/ 9K/ 7/đĬ/
ŁĂĬûİąĵ/đņąIJ
multicultural
myself
7ŀč 2/Đý
myths
đņĠûĔ/ / IûĂĔ/7 ŁĝđĬ
N
NAFTA
nation
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
(29ûĈā 7/:* Эù/đý ¸ďКûħĸ ûIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė) ûŐĭņĻ
Hŀį
15
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
Łĸŀį
national
national level of governments
ĉġĔ Łĸŀį ŁIJ ±ŀĂĸŀijĊ
ĀĔûŅ9 - Hŀį
nation-state
Native American Indian
7đĬ ĺŅŻĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/ Łùûý*
Native American Indians
7/đĬ/ ĺŅŻĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/ Łùûý*
natural resources
ĴùûĔK Łā9ďį
đŞ ЭĶĚûĬ 9K7 / üŅđį
near/far
2ûŅ9Kđĝ
needs
ЙįпĦ ŁāûĬûĞĸ
neighborhood
9/7 DđĠ đņĩ / 9/ďþĻûć đņĩ
neutral
New Amsterdam
H‫ڈ‬đŐĕĹŅ/ ŀņĻ
New Netherlands
:Żļņĵ9ďņĻ ŀņĻ
ûIJ ±K:ûЛć ДāûĔ ДāûĔ ЭIJ ĴĊûĔ ŁĵûĹė ЭIJ ЙijŅđĸ/
northwest passage
ЭIJ ĴКûijĵ/ đċý 9K/ ;ŀĻûņįK/ đċý ЭĶЛŞ ŀć ЙĂĔ/9
ûĿā ûāûć ûņIJ Gûņč ЙĶņĔK ĺijĹĸ ûIJ đĭĔ Iûņĸ97
ĀįK ;/ / 4* / ŁĿý/
now
?ŀýđĸ &I/ďĻûč ĴĹĂĘĸ 𪠱ŀŷý 9K/ ĺŅďĵ/K DđĚ
nuclear family
ЙĻ/đĿμ
O
(ЙijŅđĸ/ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9 ķņĤļā) OAS
OAS
objects
ûņė/ / ЎŅĒņŶ
oceans
9ďļĹĔ ÉǼý &đċý
Q
ĀĸŀijĊ ÃđĔ ďļŶ &ĀĸŀijĊ ŁIJ ЭİþĠ 7Kďċĸ
oligarchy
;/ 9K/) ĀĹņį ŁIJ ЭĻŀК 9/7đþĂĔ7 ЭĔ ĥįŀĸ ŁĕIJ
opportunity cost
(ďù/ŀĬ ЭIJ ЭĻđIJ ЙĻ ĴĹĦ đŞ ĥįŀĸ
ČŅ9ûā ŁĻûý:
oral history
7/đĬ/ đνŅ7
others
P
parallel
Ã:/ŀĂĸ
parallels
Ã:/ŀĂĸ
parent
Parliament
participatory skills
past
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ŁĄ9ŀĸ / ĺŅďĵ/K
IûĹņĵ9ûŞ &ēĶĈĸ ŁIJ ĀļġĶĔ ĺņIJ/9/
ЎņĂņĊпĚ ŁIJ ĀIJđė
Łĝûĸ / ЙĂėĐμ
16
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
past/present
patriot
URDU
GûĊ / Łĝûĸ
ĺĠK üċĸ
patriotism
ŁļĠŀĵ/ üCĊ
patriotisms
ŁļĠŀĵ/ üCĊ
patriots
ĺĠK üċĸ
patroon
(9/ďļņĸ: ûIJ Żļņĵ9ďņĻ ďŅďć) IKđŐņŞ
people
=ûĎė/
person
ďĊ/K 7đĬ
perspectives
Peter Stuyvesant
petition
physical
physical characteristics
physical environment
physical feature
physical features
physical map
physical setting
physical systems
đģûļā
(Peter Stuyvesant) ŎļņĕŅK ŁùŀŐĔ/ đŐņŞ
ŁĝđĦ &Āė/ďĝđĦ &ĀĔ/ŀč97
Ã7ûĸ &ŁħņþĠ &ŁĻûĕĹć
2ûņĚŀěč ŁĻûĹĕć
2ûņĵŀĊûĸ Ã7ûĸ
ĀņĚûč Ã7ûĸ
2ûņĚŀěč Ã7ûĸ
Ã9ûνĻ ЙĘİĻ
T
GŀĊûĸ Ã7ûĸ
T
HûĤĻ Ã7ûĸ
places
ЎņЛνć
plan
Йýŀěļĸ
pledge
Pledge of Allegiance
points of view
political
political boundaries
IûĹņŞ &ďЛĦ
ďЛĦ ûIJ ĀĦûĠ/
đĤĻ )ЙġİĻ
ŁĔûņĔ
±ûŅďļý ďĊ ŁĔûņĔ
political map
ЙĘİĻ ŁĔûņĔ
political party
ķņĤļā ŁĔûņĔ
political power
ĀįûĠ ŁĔûņĔ
political systems
pollution
population
population density
population distribution
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
HûĤĻ ŁĔûņĔ
Łμ7ŀĵ*
Ã7ûý*
Ã7ûý* ķĈĊ
Ã7ûý* ķņĕİā
17
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
population movement - rural to urban
to suburban - 20th century
URDU
ЭĔ ÃđЛė 9K/ ÃđЛė ЭĔ ŁЛŅ7 - Ã7ûý* ΫŅđċā
ÃďĚ 20 - ŁāûĬûĞĸ
ĀįûĠ / 9/ďĂį/
power
practices
N
9ŀĂĔ7 / ЎņİĘĸ
ĥņĔK ЭIJ ;ûĿμ Łĵûč ûþŅđİā ЭĔ ±ŀĂč97) ĒŅđŅđŞ
prairies
(ЭĶĕĶĔ ЭIJ ±ŀĻ/ďņĸ
Preamble to the Constitution
ĺņù* ďņЛĹā
Gûċĵ/ ŁĬ / ¸7ŀćŀĸ
present
9ďĚ
president
Эùûć ûŞûĻ ďĶþĵ/ GŀĠ ЭĔ ēć 9ûЛļĵ/ īěĻ ¸K
Prime Meridian
ķĤĦ/ đŅ:K
Prime Minister
principles of democracy
GŀĚ/ ЭIJ ĀŅ9ŀЛĹć
ûĻđIJ ĴĊ Ĵùûĕĸ
problem solving
Ĵùûĕĸ
problems
producers
9ûIJ ĀħļĚ / 9/7 ЭĻûč9ûIJ / ¸ďļļIJ ĀčûĔ
production
ĴĹĦ Ã9/K/ďņŞ
ĀņĊпĚ Ã9/K/ďņŞ
productivity
2ûĦŀļěĸ &/9K/ďņŞ
products
profit
ĥĭĻ &ĥĬûļĸ
projects
ēŐijņćKđŞ
property
7/ďņùûć / ĀņijĶĸ
ûĻđIJ ĀģûĭĊ
protect
protests
ûĻđIJ 4ûĈĂĊ/ ûŅ >/đĂĦ/
province
ЙýŀĚ
public benefit
¸ďùûĬ Łĸ/ŀĦ
public education
ķņĶħā Łĸ/ŀĦ
purpose of government
pursuit of happiness
ďěİĸ ûIJ ĀĸŀijĊ
ĖėŀIJ ŁIJ GŀěĊ ЭIJ Łĵûċėŀč
Q
7/ďħā / 9/ďİĸ
quantities
R
race
radios
railroad
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ЙĶýûİĸ / ĴĕĻ
:ŀŅŻŅ9
ÃđŐŞ ŁIJ ĴŅ9
18
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
rain forest
raw material
reason
receipts
recycling
reference books
URDU
2пνļć ЭļĿμ
ŀК GûĹħĂĔ/ Эņĵ ЭIJ 9/K/ďņŞ ŁĂħļĚ ŀć Gûĸ Hûč
üþĔ / ЙćK
ЎŅďņĔ9
λļĶijùûĕŅ9 / ŁĻ/7đμ:ûý
ЎņýûĂIJ Łāûć Йĵ/ŀĊ
reform
ûĻđIJ 5пĚ/ / 5пĚ/
region
ЙįпĦ
regions
ЭįпĦ
relationships
2ûİĶħā
relief (physical) map
:/đĬ K üņĘĻ ЭĔ 4/ĒĂĸ/ ЭIJ ±ŀνĻ9 Йνć ŁIJ ?ŀġč
ЙĘİĻ о/K ЭļŅ7 đĄõā ûIJ
religion
üКĐĸ
religious
ŁþКĐĸ
renewable resource
repeal
ЙĶņĔK ďŅďĈā Ĵýûį
Łčŀĕļĸ H/ďį/
representation
ŁμďļùûĹĻ / ĖIJ ĖņŞ
representative
¸ďļùûĹĻ
representatives
ÉďļùûĹĻ
republic
Republican Party
reservation
ĀĸŀijĊ Łĸ/ŀĦ &ЙŅ9ŀЛĹć
ĀĦûĹć ЙŅ9ŀЛĹć / ĀĦûĹć Łĸ/ŀĦ
ûĻđIJ @ŀĭċĸ
resources
ĴùûĔK &ĥù/98
respect
H/đĂĊ/ / 07/
responsibilities
revolution
Richard Nicholls
rights
Robert Fulton
±ûŅ9/7 Йĸ8
0пİĻ/
(Richard Nicholls) ĒĵŀijĻ ‫ڈ‬đŶ9
EŀİĊ
(Robert Fulton) ĺŐĶĬ pđýK9
role
9/7đIJ
roles
9/7đIJ
roles of citizens
roots of American culture
rules
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
9/7đIJ ЭIJ ±ŀŅđЛė
ЎŅ7ûņļý ŁIJ ĀĬûİĄ ŁijŅđĸ/
ĺņĻ/ŀį
19
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
ŁЛŅ7
rural
rural to urban to suburban migration
2đĈК Ўņĸ 2ûĬûĞĸ ЭĔ đЛė 9K/ đЛė ЭĔ 2ûЛŅ7
S
sachem
safeguarding individual liberties
safety
same/different
satellite-produced images
satisfy
scale
scarce resources
scarcity
school
science and technology
scientific/technological exchanges
and connections
seaways
secondary source
security
self
selling
Senate of the United States
separatists
services
settle
settlement
settlements
üİĵ ûIJ 9/7đĔ ЭIJ Ĵùûþį ĺŅŻĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/ Ĝħý
Ģĭċā ûIJ ±ŀŅ7/:* Ã7/đĭĻ/
ĀģûĭĊ
īĶĂĎĸ / ûĔ ΫŅ/
đŅKûěā Ўņúμ Łĵ ЭħŅ98 ЭIJ ŎùпŐņĔ
ûĻđIJ ĺņúħĹġĸ
üĔûļā ûIJ ¸đņĩK >đĦ K GŀĠ đŞ ЭĘİĻ &Ãďļý Йć97
ĴùûĔK ŁĬûIJûĻ
ĀĶį
GŀijĔ/
Łćŀĵûļijŏ 9K/ ēļùûĔ
ğý/K9 9K/ Эĵ7ûþā Łćŀĵûļijŏ / ŁĕļùûĔ
9ďļĹĔ :ûЛć ЭĔ Ўņĸ ēć Эùûļý* Iûņĸ97 ЭIJ ŁijĘč
ЎņijĔ ŵļЛŞ Ϋā
ЙĶņĔK ÃŀĻûĄ
ĀģûĭĊ
2/8 ŁļŞ/ / 7ŀč
Ã9ûIJ ĀčKđĬ
ēĶĈĸ :ûĔ IŀĻûį ŁIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ ¸ďċĂĸ
ďļĕŞ ŁμďċņĶĦ
2ûĸďč
ûĻđIJ ЙĶěņĬ ķКûý / ûĻŀК 7ûý*
ЙįпĦ ¸7đIJ 7ûý* / Йņĭěā
ЭįпĦ ¸7đIJ 7ûý* / Эņĭěā
settler
9ûIJ7ûý* ŀĻ
shape
29ŀĚ
shelter
¸ûμ ¸ûļŞ
similarities/differences
slave
slave trade
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
:ûņĂĸ/ / ĀĶĄûĹĸ
Hпĩ
ĀčKđĬ ŁIJ ±ŀĸпĩ
20
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
slavery
Łĸпĩ
social
social/cultural changes and
connections
socialism
ŁćûĹĔ
societies
society
solutions
solving problems
songs
Sons of Liberty
South America
Spanish colonies
spatial organization
speeches
standard of living
stars and stripes
state
state government
Statue of Liberty
ğý/K9 9K/ ±ûņĶŅďþā ŁĂĬûİĄ / ŁćûĹĔ
ĀņIJ/đĂė/
Éđėûħĸ
¸đėûħĸ
ĴĊ / GŀĶċĸ
ûĻđIJ ĴĊ Ĵùûĕĸ
ЭĹĪĻ / Āņμ
Йņĭč ŁIJ ±ŀļĠK üċĸ ŁijŅđĸ/ Ĵþį ЭĔ 0пİĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/
Ã7/:* I/ďĻ:đĬ
&ķņĤļā
S
ЙijŅđĸ/ Łýŀļć
±ûŅ7ûý*ŀĻ ÃŀĻûşĕК
üņāđā ĮĶħĂĸ ЭĔ ŁĻûijĸ ĀħĔK
ЎŅđŅđİā
ŁμďĻ: 9ûņħĸ
о/K ±ŀŅ9ûľ7 9K/ É9ûĂĔ ûIJ ЙijŅđĸ/ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9
/ŻļĿć
ĀĔûŅ9
ĀĸŀijĊ ŁĂĔûŅ9
Ã7/:* МĹĕĈĸ
steamboat
ŁĂĘIJ Łĵ/K ЭļĶŶ ЭĔ uûĿý
steamboats
±ûņĂĘIJ Łĵ/K ЭļĶŶ ЭĔ uûĿý
stock market
ŎņIJ9ûĸ ‫ک‬ûŐĔ/
stories
±ûņĻûЛIJ / Эěį
strategy
strengths
strike
student rights
suburban
suburbs
ŁĶĹĦ ĀĹijĊ
±ûņýŀč &±ûņùûĻ/ŀā
GûāǼК
EŀİĊ ЙĻûþĵûĠ
ŁāûĬûĞĸ
ЭįпĦ ŁĘùûК9 ŁĊ/ŀĻ ЭIJ đЛė ŁĕIJ
subways
ÉK üĔ
suffrage
ĮĊ ûIJ ЭļŅ7 pKK &ŁК7 Эù/9 ĮĊ
S
Q Q
üĶĠ K ďĔ9
supply and demand
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
21
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
supply and demand 4 symbols
URDU
Q Q
2ûĻûĘĻ 4 üĶĠ K ďĔ9
Supreme Court
Āĵ/ďĦ 9ďĚ
surplus
9/ďİĸ ĴĝûĬ
symbolize
2ûĻûĘĻ &Ēĸ9
ЭIJ 2ûĻûĘĻ / ûĻŀК ĀĸпĦ ŁIJ 7ŀćK ûŅ Gûņč ŁĕIJ
symbols
ûĻđIJ đКûģ ЭħŅ98
HûĤĻ
systems
T
tables
tariff
tax
ЭIJûč / Ēņĸ
GKďć ûIJ 2оŀěċĸ ¸ďė /7/ / ЙĸûļčđĻ
2ûþć/K Ã9ûIJđĔ / Gŀěċĸ / ēijņŏ
taxes
2ûþć/K Ã9ûIJđĔ / 2оŀěċĸ / Ēĕijņŏ
teach
ûļŅ7 ēŅ9ďā
teacher
technological
technologies - exchanges of
technology
ŁĻûĂĔ/ / 7ûĂĔ/
ЙİĶħĂĸ ЭĔ Łćŀĵûļijŏ
Йĵ7ûþā ûIJ ... - Łćŀĵûļijŏ
Łćŀĵûļijŏ
telegraph
D/đνņĶņŏ / ûļĈņĿý HûĪņŞ đŞ 9ûā
television
I‫ژ‬ŀņĶņŏ
R
(о/K ЭĻđIJ ĀėûIJ đIJ Эĵ đŞ ЭŅ/đIJ ĺņĸ:) A9/Ēĸ
tenant farmer
themes
then/now
time
time zones
timeline
today
2ûĦŀĝŀĸ
ĀįK ЙŅ / ĀįK ¸K
ĀįK
ĺņýûĸ ЭIJ ĺć Йġč ŁĻûņĸ97 ûIJ ďĶþĵ/ GŀĠ ?ŀġč K7
ŀК ĀįK Ã9ûņħĸ ΫŅ/
2ûįKо/ HûĤĻ
ЙņĵûĊ / 4*
tolerance
Āė/7đý / Ã9/7/K9
tomorrow
ĴIJ Łĵ/K ЭĻ*
tools
IûĸûĔ K :ûĔ
towpath
trade
traditions
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
‫ک‬ǼĔ Łĵ/K ЭĻ9Ēμ ДāûĔ ЭIJ đЛĻ ûŅ ûŅ97
ĀčKđĬ K ďŅđč / 29ûĈā
2ûŅ/K9 &ĀŅ9
22
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
URDU
9K/ ЭļĶŶ ŀIJ ±ŀŅ‫ڑ‬ûμ ŀć (É9ûė/) ±ûņļėK9 ŁIJ ЭК/9ŀŶ
traffic lights
É7 2ûŅ/ďК ŁIJ ЭļIJ9
Ã‫ڑ‬ûμ ĴŅ9
T
9ûýûĩ7 / 9/ďĩ
trains
traitor
ûĻđIJ ĴİĂļĸ ûŅ GûĔ9/ / ûĻûŷļЛŞ
transmit
ĴĹĊ K ĴİĻ
transportation
transportation revolution
ĴĹĊ K ĴİĻ 0пİĻ/
¸7đIJ ЭĠ đŞ 9ŀĠ ŁĹĔ9 Iûņĸ97 ЭIJ ±ŀĂĔûŅ9 / ¸ďКûħĸ
treaty
¸ďКûħĸ
:/ďĻ/ / 69 / 2ûĻûċć9
trends
ЙĶņþį
tribe
4ûý /9ûľ7 о/K ЭĻđμ Ўņĸ ĴņĿć ûŅ IKûħĸ ûIJ ûŅ97
tributaries
Tropic of Capricorn
I/9/Ēμ
T
Ãďć ğč
Tropic of Cancer
IûĠđĔ ğč
trucks
‫ک‬đŏ &Ã9о
Āį/ďĚ &ŁùûŷĔ
truth
/đċĚ ŁĻûĬđý ûIJ ŁĵûĹė üġį )Йİġļĸ
tundra
0пİĻ/ МġİĻ / ±ûņĶŅďþā ĺIJ ЙĶěņĬ
turning points
ΫùûşĻđŏ / ¸/đКûė ÃǼý
turnpike
U
unify
ûĻđIJ ďċĂĸ
unions
ЎņĕĶĈĸ HûĦ &ЎņļĹĈĻ/
unique
ЙĻûνŅ / ûĿIJŀĻ/ / 7đĭļĸ
unite
United Nations
United States of America
unlimited
unlimited needs and wants
up/down
urban
urbanization
uses of geography
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
ûĻŀК ďċĂĸ
T
¸ďċĂĸ H/ŀį/
ЙijŅđĸ/ ¸ďċĂĸ ЭùûЛĂĔûŅ9
7Kďċĸ о
2ûĘК/ŀč 9K/ 2ûŅ9Kđĝ 7Kďċĸ о
ЭŷņĻ / đŞK/
ÃđЛė
ŁIJ ЭįпĦ ŁЛŅ7 ŁĕIJ / ûĻđIJ ĴŅďþā Ўņĸ đЛė
ûĻûŐĸ ŀIJ 2ûņĚŀěč
GûĹħĂĔ/ ûIJ ЭņĬ/đĪć
23
Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary
ENGLISH
V
values
URDU
Q
9/ďį/
7đĬ 9ûIJ ЙýđĈā / ŁćŀĬ ĮýûĔ
N
Łļņù* ûIJ ЭĻđIJ 7đĂĕĸ ŀIJ IŀĻûį / ûĻđIJ ĀħĻûĹĸ ûĹijĊ
veteran
veto
ĮĊ
2ûЛŅ7 / ±,ûμ
village
ûļŅ7 pKK / pKK
vote
ûļŅ7 pKK
voting
W
±ŀņşņĔ 9K/ ±ŀŅ‫ڑ‬ŀIJ ŁIJ ±Kďļėûý ŁijŅđĸ/ ŁĵûĹė ķŅďį
wampum
Ўņùоûĸ ŁùŀК Łùûļý ЭĔ
2ûĘК/ŀč
wants
λļć
war
ŁĶĹĦ ĀĹijĊ Łνļć
war strategy
đņľ‫ ڈ‬Łùûý*
water masses
±ûņùûĻ/ŀāûĻ / ±ûŅ9KĒĹIJ
weaknesses
ЙĂĭК
week
Western Hemisphere
westward expansion
¸đIJ īěĻ ŁýđĪĸ
ĥņĔŀā Ўņĸ ĀĹĔ ŁýđĪĸ
(ЙĹņč) /ǼşĻŀĿć ûIJ ĺŅŻĻ/ ŁijŅđĸ/
wigwam
4ûIJ HûIJ / Āĸ:пĸ
work
о/K ЭĻđIJ HûIJ / H:пĸ
worker
Ϋļņý ŁĹĵûĦ
world bank
world in spatial terms
ûņĻ7 Ўņĸ @ûĭĵ/ ЭIJ ŁĻûijĸ ĀħĔK
ЎŅđŅđċā
writings
Y
year
yesterday
ALBETAC 2007-2008 T&I-8497 (Urdu)
GûĔ
ĴIJ /ŀК /9Ēμ
24