Glossary Elementary School Level Social Studies Glossary English / Bengali Translation of Social Studies terms based on the Coursework for Social Studies Grades 3 to 5. Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students Last Updated: 08/10/09 THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234 Education - P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary, and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/ THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ....................................................................... MILTON L. COFIELD, Vice Chancellor, B.S., M.B.A., Ph.D. ......................................................... ROBERT M. BENNETT, Chancellor Emeritus, B.A., M.S. ............................................................... SAUL B. COHEN, B.A., M.A., Ph.D................................................................................................ JAMES C. DAWSON, A.A., B.A., M.S., Ph.D. ................................................................................ ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................... GERALDINE D. CHAPEY, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ................................................................................. HARRY PHILLIPS, 3rd, B.A., M.S.F.S. ........................................................................................... JOSEPH E. BOWMAN, JR., B.A., M.L.S., M.A., M.Ed., Ed.D......................................................... JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ............................................................................................... ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................................ KAREN BROOKS HOPKINS, B.A., M.F.A........................................................................................ CHARLES R. BENDIT, B.A. ............................................................................................................. BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D..................................................... LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. ..................................................................................... CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .......................................................................................... WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. ............................................................................................................. New York Rochester Tonawanda New Rochelle Plattsburgh Syracuse Belle Harbor Hartsdale Albany Binghamton Great Neck Brooklyn Manhattan Bronx Oakland Gardens Staten Island Rochester Interim President of the University and Commissioner of Education CAROLE F. HUXLEY Senior Deputy Commissioner of Education, P–16 JOHANNA DUNCAN-POITIER Associate Commissioner for Curriculum and Instructional Support JEAN STEVENS Coordinator, Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign language Studies PEDRO J. RUIZ Acknowledgements: The New York State Education Department Glossaries for English Language Learners were reviewed and updated during the 2008-2009 school year. We would like to thank in these efforts the New York State Education Department Language BETACs (Spanish, Asian and Haitian Bilingual Education Technical Assistance Centers), the NYS Office of Curriculum, Instruction and Instructional Technology; the New York City Department of Education Office of English Language Learners, and the NYC Department of Education Translation and Interpretation Unit. The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including brailed, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234. Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI A A.D. abilities absence of government absentee ballot accomplishments achievements acid rain across time and place action plan activities adults aerial photographs AFL-CIO Africa agriculture Algonquians alike/different allegiance alternative solutions altiplano altitude amendment American democracy: ideals, values/principles of American Revolution, the Americas Americas ancestor Antarctic Circle Antarctica anthem appoint appointed leaders appointed office archaeologists Arctic Circle areas ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) wLª÷vã mvg_©¨ miKvinxbZv Abycw¯’Z †_‡K †fvU †`qv AR©b AR©b A¨vwmW e„wó me©Kvj I ¯’vbe¨vcx Kg© cwiKíbv Kvh©µg cÖvßeq¯‹ AvKvk †_‡K †Zvjv Qwe G.Gd.Gj.Ñwm.AvB.I. Avwd«Kv K…wl A¨vjMbwKqvb fvlv A_ev gvbyl m`„k/wem`„k AvbyMZ¨ weKí mgvavb gvjf‚wg (j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvb) D”PZv ms‡kvabx Av‡gwiKvb MYZš¿: Av`k©, g~j¨‡eva/g~jbxwZ Av‡gwiKvb wecøe, Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`k Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`k c~e©cyiæl Kz‡giæe„Ë A¨v›UvwU©Kv ¯ÍeMvb, m½xZ wb‡qvM`vb wbhy³ †bZ…e„›` wbhy³ `ßi cÖZœZË¡we` my‡giæ e„Ë GjvKv 1 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH arid art artifacts assembly assembly line authority autobiographies autobiography automobiles availability avenues of participation aztecs B B.C. backgrounds barter basic basin Battle of Quebec battles before/after belief belief system beliefs Bill of Rights biographies biography bodies of water border Boston Tea Party boundary boycott branches of government British North America Act budget C cabinet ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI Abye©i wkíKjv cÖZœmvgMÖx mgv‡ek A¨v‡m¤^wj jvBb KZ©„cÿ AvZ¥Rxebxmg~n AvZ¥Rxebx †gvUiMvwo jf¨Zv/cÖvc¨Zv AskMÖn‡Yi wewfbœ cš’v AvR‡UK wLª÷c~e© cwi‡cÖwÿZ wewbgq g~j AeevwnKv KzB‡e‡Ki hy× hy×weMÖn c~‡e©/c‡i wek¦vm wek¦vm e¨e¯’v wek¦vmmg~n AwaKvi wej/wej Ae ivBUm& Rxebxmg~n Rxebx Rjivwk mxgvšÍ e÷b wU cvU© mxgvbv eR©b miKv‡ii wefvMmg~n weªwUk DËi Av‡gwiKv Pzw³ ev‡RU gwš¿cwil` 2 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH cable calendar campaign Canada Canadian Bill of Rights canal capital (state and money) capital goods capital resources capitalism cardinal directions cause celebrate celebration celebrations census Central America century change checks and balances child labor children Chippewa choice choices citizen citizenship civic life civic values civil rights civil rights movement civil wars civilization civilizations clans classroom climate ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI K¨vej K¨v‡jÛvi cÖPviYv/Awfhvb KvbvWv KvbvWxq AwaKvi wej Lvj ivRavbx/g~jab g~jabx cY¨ g~jabx m¤ú` cuywRev` ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wb‡`©kbv KviY D`hvcb Kiv Drme Drmemg~n Av`gïgvwi ga¨ Av‡gwiKv kZvãx cwieZ©b mseiY I fvimvg¨ wkïkªg †Q‡j‡g‡q wP‡àIqv cQ›` cQ›`mg~~n bvMwiK bvMwiKZ¡ bvMwiK Rxeb bvMwiK g~j¨‡eva bvMwiK AwaKvi bvMwiK AwaKvi Av‡›`vjb M„nhy× mf¨Zv mf¨Zvmg~n †MvÎ †kªwYKÿ Rjevqz 3 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH clothing collect taxes colonial colonial governments colonies colonists colony Committees of Correspondence common good commonwealth Commonwealth of Nations communication communism communities community community service compact compare/contrast compass compromise compulsory education computer confederacy conflict conflict resolution conflicts congress conquistador consequences conservation consideration Constitution of the State of New York Constitution of the United States constitutional democracy consumer consumers ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI †cvkvK LvRbv Av`vq Jcwb‡ewkK Jcwb‡ewkK miKvi Dcwb‡ekmg~n Dcwb‡ekKvix Dcwb‡ek †hvMv‡hvM KwgwU mgv‡Ri c‡ÿ g½jRbK KgbI‡qj_ KgbI‡qj_fz³ RvwZ‡Mvôx †hvMv‡hvM mvg¨ev` mgvR‡Mvôx mgvR mgvR‡mev Pzw³ Zzjbv/cÖwZZzjbv Kiv K¤úvm Avcm Kiv eva¨Zvg~jK wkÿv Kw¤úDUvi Kb‡dWv‡iwm Ø›Ø Ø›Ø gxgvsmv Ø›Ø Ks‡MÖm KbKzB¯Ív‡`vi (`wÿY Av‡gwiKvq ¯ú¨vwbk Dcwb‡ek cËbKvix `j) cwiYvg msiÿY we‡ePbv wbD BqK© †÷‡Ui kvmbZš¿ hy³iv‡óªi kvmbZš¿ mvsweavwbK MYZš¿ †fv³v †fv³v‡Mvôx 4 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH consumption consumption of goods continent Continental Congress Continental Divide continents contour contrast contributions cooperation costs cotton belt credit criteria cultural characteristics cultural contributions cultural differences cultural diffusion cultural diversity cultural groups culture BENGALI †fvM cY¨ e¨envi gnv‡`k hy³iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i Ae¨ewnZ Av‡Mi I c‡ii `ywU Ks‡MÖm gnv‡`k wefvRK Rjaviv gnv‡`k †iLvb¨vm cÖwZZzjb Ae`vb mn‡hvwMZv e¨q Zzjv Drcv`bKvix AÂj FY gvcKvwV mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewkó¨ mvs¯‹…wZK Ae`vb mvs¯‹…wZK cv_©K¨ mvs¯‹…wZK cwie¨vwß mvs¯‹…wZK ˆewPΨ mvs¯‹…wZK †Mvôx ms¯‹…wZ cultures - characteristics, distriubtion, complexity of ms¯‹…wZ Ñ ˆewkó¨, †kªwYe×KiY, RwUjZv currency customs gy`ªv ixwZ D day De Witt Clinton decade decision decision-making decisions declaration Declaration of Independence delta democracy ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) w`em wW DBU wK¬›Ub `kK wm×všÍ wm×všÍMÖnY wm×všÍmg~n †NvlYvcÎ ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYv eØxc MYZš¿ 5 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH Democratic Party democratic principles democratic values developed nations developing nations developments diagram diagrams dictatorship different/same direction diseases display disputes distance distribution diverse diversity document due process Dutch colonies Dutch West India Company E earn Earth’s surface economic economic capital economic concepts economic decision making economic decisions economic development economic factors economic growth economic interdependence economic systems economics economies ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI †W‡gvµ¨vwUK cvwU© MYZvwš¿K bxwZgvjv MYZvwš¿K g~j¨‡eva DbœZ †`kmg~n Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n Dbœqb QK QKmg~n GKbvqKZ¡ wfbœ/Awfbœ w`K wb‡`©kbv †ivM cÖ`k©b we‡iva `~iZ¡ eÈb eûwewPÎ ˆewPΨ `wjj h_vh_ cÖwµqv WvP Dcwb‡ekmg~n WvP I‡q÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb AR©b Kiv f‚c„ô A_©‰bwZK A_©‰bwZK g~jab A_©‰bwZK aviYv A_©‰bwZK wm×všÍMÖnY A_©‰bwZK wm×všÍ A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb A_©‰bwZK KviYmg~n A_©‰bwZK cªe„w× cvi¯úwiK A_©‰bwZK wbf©ikxjZv A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v A_©bxwZ A_©‰bwZK †kªwYwefvM 6 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI effects elect elected leaders elected office election Ellis Island emigrants empathy employee employer encomienda system encounter enforce English colonies environment environmental factors equality equality of opportunity era eras ethnic ethnic group ethnicity Europe cwiYwZ wbe©vPb Kiv wbe©vwPZ †bZ…e„›` wbe©vwPZ c` wbe©vPb Gwjm AvBj¨vÛ ev¯‘Z¨vMx mg‡e`bv Kg©Pvix wb‡qvMKZ©v Gb‡Kvwg‡qÛv c×wZ msNl© Kvh©Ki Kiv Bs‡iR‡`i Dcwb‡ekmg~n cwi‡ek cwi‡ek msµvš— welqmg~n mvg¨ mgvb my‡hvM hyM hyMmg~n RvwZMZ RvwZ‡Mvôx RvwZMZ cwiPq BD‡ivc European encounter and exchanges-of technologies, plants, animals, diseases BD‡ivcxq hy× Ges cªhyw³, e„¶, cïcvwL, I †ivM wewbgq events exchange executive executive branch of government expansion exploitation exploration explorers exports F facilities NUbvewj wewbgq, †jb‡`b wbe©vnx miKv‡ii wbe©vnx wefvM we¯—vi/m¤úªmviY †kvlY AbymÜvb/A‡š^lY A‡š^lK/AwfhvÎx ißvwb ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) myweav 7 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI fact/opinion factors of production factory family far/near federal federal government festival festivals flag folktale folktales food forced relocation foreign policy foreign relations Fort Orange foundation free enterprise free trade freedom French Canadians French colonies frontier NUbv/AwfgZ Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb KviLvbv cwievi `~‡i/Kv‡Q †dWv‡ij †dWv‡ij miKvi Drme Drmemg~n cZvKv †jvKKvwnwb †jvKKvwnwbmg~n Lv`¨ ejc~e©K ¯’vbvšÍiY ciivó« bxwZ ˆe‡`wkK m¤úK© †dvU© A‡iÄ wfwË gy³ wk‡ív‡`¨vM gy³ evwYR¨ ¯^vaxbZv †d«Â KvbvwWqvb divwm Dcwb‡ek mxgvš— functions of government miKv‡ii Kvh©vewj fundamental economic questions fundamental values future G game gender generation geographic characteristics geographic factors geographic features geographic features/areas geographic information †gŠwjK A_©‰bwZK cÖkœvewj †gŠwjK g~j¨‡eva fwel¨r ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) †Ljv wj½cwiPq cªRb¥ †fŠ‡MvwjK ˆewkó¨mg~n †fŠ‡MvwjK welqmg~n †fŠ‡MvwjK ˆewkó¨mg~n †fŠ‡MvwjK ˆewkó¨/GjvKv †fŠ‡MvwjK Z_¨ 8 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI geography geological processes global warming globe globes f‚‡Mvj f‚ZvwË¡K cªwµqv ˆewk¦K Dòvqb f‚цMvjK f‚цMvjKmg~n goods and services - production, distribution, exchange, consumption of cY¨ I cwi‡lev Ñ Drcv`b, weZiY, wewbgq, †fvM goods govern governance government Great Depression grid Gross Domestic Product cY¨ cwiPvjb kvmb ev cwiPvjb cªwµqv miKvi gnv g›`v wMªW, QK †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Gross National Product †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b groups growth Gulf Stream †Mvôx cÖe„w× DcmvMixq Rjcªevn H habitat Haudenosaunee health hemisphere historic events historical historical evidence historical narratives history Avevm n‡W‡bvmwb ¯^v¯’¨ †Mvjva© HwZnvwmK NUbvewj HwZnvwmK HwZnvwmK cÖgvY HwZnvwmK eY©bv BwZnvm Holidays ( Columbus Day, Election Day, QzwU (Kj¤^vm †W, B‡jKkb †W, †f‡UivÝ †W, _¨vs·wMwfs Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, New Years †W, wbD Bqvm© †W, †cÖwm‡W›Um †W, †g‡gvwiqvj †W, d¬¨vM Day, Dr. Martin Luther King Day, †W Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Flag Day) home hopes House of Representatives human ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) M„n Avkv cªwZwbwa cwil` gvbe 9 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH human capital human migration human migrations human resources human rights human settlements human systems I ideals of American democracy ideas identity immigrants immigration important imports inaugurated confederation Incas income indentured servant independence indigenous peoples individual individual rights individual rights to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. individuals industrial expansion industrial growth industrial growth/expansion Industrial Revolution industrialization industry inhabitants interdependence interdependent international organizations interpret law ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI gvbe cyuwR gvbe cwihvqb gvbe cwihvqbmg~n gvbem¤ú` gvbevwaKvi gvbe emwZ gvbe e¨e¯’v Av‡gwiKvb MYZ‡š¿i Av`k©mg~n aviYv cwiPq Awfevmx Awfevmb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Avg`vwb cÖewZ©Z Kb‡dWv‡ikb BbKv RvwZ Avq Pzw³e× `vm ¯^vaxbZv Avw`evmx m¤úª`vq e¨w³ e¨w³i AwaKvi Rxeb, ¯^va©xbZv I my‡Li A‡š^l‡Yi e¨w³i AwaKvi e¨w³mgwó wkí m¤úªmviY wk‡ívbœqb wkí cªe„w×/we¯—vi wkí wec−e wkívqb wkíÑKviLvbv Awaevmx cvi¯úwiK wbf©ikxjZv ci¯úiÑwbf©ikxj Avš—R©vwZK ms¯’v AvB‡bi e¨vL¨v Ki 10 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH interpret laws interpretations Inuits invention inventions Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy irrigation issues isthmus J judgments judicial judicial branch of government judicial branch junta jury jury service justice K kindergarten L labor labor force labor movement labor union land formations land masses languages Latin America latitude laws laws/rules leaders League of Nations learn legal ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI AvBbmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v e¨vL¨vmg~n BbyB Avwe®‹vi D™¢veb BivKzB BivKzB Kb‡dWv‡iwm †mP mgm¨v †hvRK ivq wePvimsµvš— miKv‡ii wePvi wefvM wePvi wefvM Rvš—v Rywi Rywi cwi‡lev b¨vqwePvi wKÛviMv‡Ub kªwgK, kªg kªg kw³ kªwgK Av‡›`vjb †jevi BDwbqb f‚wg MVb ¯’jf‚wg fvlvmg~n jvwZb Av‡gwiKv A¶vsk AvBb AvBb/wbqg †bZ…e„›` RvwZcyÄ †kLv AvBbm¤§Z 11 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH legends legislative branch legislative branch of government legislature liberty library library resources life lifestyle like/dislike limited limited resources limited/unlimited local local government local region location lock locomotive long ago longhouse longitude loyalist loyalty M maize majority rule make laws manor manufacture manufacturing maps markets mass starvation Mayas Mayflower Compact megalopolis ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI †jŠwKK DcvL¨vb AvBb wefvM miKv‡ii AvBb wefvM AvBbmfvi m`m¨ ¯^vaxbZv jvB‡eªwi jvB‡eªwi‡Z cvIqv Z_¨m~Î Rxeb Rxebaviv cQ›`/AcQ›` mxwgZ mxwgZ m¤ú` mmxg/Amxg ¯’vbxq ¯’vbxq miKvi ¯’vbxq AÂj Ae¯’vb Zvjv †jv‡Kv‡gvwUf eûKvj Av‡M we‡kl DcRvZxq Kgy¨wbwU Avevmb `ªvwNgvsk AbyMZ AvbyMZ¨ fzÆv msL¨vMwi‡ôi kvmb AvBb cÖYqb †gŠRv ev ZvjyK Drcv`b Kiv Drcv`b gvbwPÎ evRvi MY Abvnvi gvqv RvwZ †gd¬vIqvi Pzw³ †gMv‡jv‡cvwjm 12 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH member memorials merchant meridians midwest migration migration/immigration millenium millennia mining minority rights, respect for minutemen Mississippi River modernization modify monarchy money months monument monuments motives movement of people and goods multicultural myself myths N NAFTA nation national national level of governments nation-state Native American Indian Native American Indians natural resources near/far needs ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI m`m¨ ¯§iY‡mŠa ewYK ga¨‡iLv ga¨Ñcwðg cwihvqb cwihvqb/Awffvemb mnmªvã GKvwaK mnmªvã Lwbwe`¨v msL¨vjNy‡`i AwaKv‡ii cªwZ m¤§vb wgwbUg¨vb (Av‡gwiKvb wecøex hy‡×i m`vcÖ¯‘Z AvavmvgwiK evwnbxi m`m¨) wgwmwmwc b`x AvaywbKvqb cwigvR©b ivRZš¿ A_© gvmmg~n ¯§…wZ‡mŠa gby‡g›Umg~n D‡Ïk¨ gvbyl I cY¨ PjvPj eûmvs¯‹…wZK Avwg wb‡R cyivY/KíK_v/AwZK_v bvdUv (b_© Av‡gwiKvb wd« †UªW A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb) RvwZ RvZxq RvZxq ch©v‡qi miKvi RvwZ-ivóª Avw`evmx Av‡gwiKvb BwÛqvb Avw`evmx Av‡gwiKvb BwÛqvb Rb‡Mvôx cªvK…wZK m¤ú` Kv‡Q/`~‡i Pvwn`v 13 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI neighborhood neutral New Amsterdam cÖwZ‡ek wbi‡c¶ wbD A¨vg÷viWvg New Netherlands wbD †b`vij¨vÛ northwest passage now nuclear family DËiÑcwðg Mgbc_ GLb `¤úwZ‡Kw›`ªK cwievi O IGGm (AM¨©vbvB‡Rkb Ae Av‡gwiKvb †÷U&&m&) e¯‘ gnvmvMi †MvôxZš¿ nvZQvov n‡q hvIqv my‡hvM †gŠwLK BwZnvm Ab¨vb¨ OAS objects oceans oligarchy opportunity cost oral history others P parallel parallels parent Parliament participatory skills past past/present patriot patriotism patriotisms patriots mgvš—ivj m`„k wcZvgvZv/g~j msm`, AvBbmfv AskMÖnYg~jK MYZš¿ AZxZ AZxZ/eZ©gvb †`k‡cªwgK †`k‡cÖg †`k‡cÖg †`k‡cÖwgK patroon wbD BqK© I wbD Rvwm©i f‚Zc~e© WvP miKvi KZ©„K ZvjyKcÖÖvß f‚¯^vgx people person perspectives Peter Stuyvesant petition physical physical characteristics physical environment RbMY e¨w³ cwi‡cÖwÿZ wcUvi ÷vB‡fmv›U Av‡e`bcÎ †fŠZ kvixwiK ˆewkó¨ †fŠZ cwi‡ek ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 14 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI physical feature physical features physical map physical setting physical systems places plan pledge Pledge of Allegiance points of view political political boundaries political map political party political power political systems pollution population population density population distribution kvixwiK ˆewkó¨ kvixwiK ˆewkó¨mg~n †fŠZ gvbwPÎ †fŠZ KvVv‡gv †fŠZ e¨e¯’v ¯’vbmg~n cwiKíbv cªwZkª“wZ †cøR Ae GwjwR‡qÝ/AvbyM‡Z¨i kc_ `„wó‡KvY/`„wófw½ ivR‰bwZK ivR‰bwZK mxgvbv ivR‰bwZK gvbwPÎ ivR‰bwZK `j ivR‰bwZK ¶gZv ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v `~lY RbmsL¨v RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ RbmsL¨v eÈb population movement - rural to urban to suburban - 20th century Rb‡Mvôxi ¯’vbvšÍi Ñ Mªvg †_‡K kn‡i, kni †_‡K Dckn‡i Ñ wesk kZvãx power practices prairies Preamble to the Constitution present president Prime Meridian Prime Minister principles of democracy problem solving problems producers production productivity products ¶gZv Abykxjb †cªBwi msweav‡bi cª¯—vebv eZ©gvb †cªwm‡W›U wMÖwbP eivei KwíZ c~e©-cwðg wefvRb‡iLv cªavbgš¿x MYZ‡š¿i bxwZgvjv mgm¨vmgvavb mgm¨vmg~n Drcv`K Drcv`b Drcv`bkxjZv cY¨ ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 15 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH profit projects property protect protests province public benefit public education purpose of government pursuit of happiness Q quantities R race radios railroad rain forest raw material reason receipts recycling reference books reform region regions relationships relief (physical) map religion religious renewable resource repeal representation representative representatives republic Republican Party reservation ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI jvf cÖKímg~n m¤úwË iÿv Kiv cÖwZev` Av‡›`vjb cª‡`k ev‡ivqvwi myweav miKvwi wkÿv miKv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ my‡Li A‡š^lY cwigvY RvwZ †iwWI †ijc_ †iBb d‡i÷ KvuPvgvj KviY iwm` cybie¨venv‡ivc‡hvMxKiY mnvqK MÖš’ cybM©Vb AÂj AÂj m¤úK© D`&MZ (†fŠZ) gvbwPÎ ag© ag©xq bevqb‡hvM¨ m¤ú` cªZ¨vnvi, evwZj cÖwZwbwaZ¡ cÖwZwbwa cÖwZwbwaeM© cªRvZš¿ wicvewjKvb `j Avw`evmx BwÛqvb‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ GjvKv 16 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH resources respect responsibilities revolution Richard Nicholls rights Robert Fulton role roles roles of citizens roots of American culture rules rural rural to urban to suburban migration S sachem safeguarding individual liberties safety same/different satellite-produced images satisfy scale scarce resources scarcity school science and technology scientific/technological exchanges and connections seaways secondary source security self selling Senate of the United States separatists services settle ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI m¤ú` m¤§vb `vwqZ¡vewj wec−e wiPvW© wbKjm& AwaKvi ievU© dzjUb (L¨vwZgvb cÖ‡KŠkjx) fzwgKv fzwgKv bvMwi‡Ki f‚wgKv Av‡gwiKvb ms¯‹…wZi Drm wbqgvewj MªvgxY Mªvg †_‡K kn‡i, kni †_‡K Dckn‡i Awfevmb mv‡Pg, †iW BwÛqvb †Mv‡Îi †bZv e¨w³K AwaKvi iÿv Kiv myiÿv Awfbœ/wfbœ m¨v‡UjvB‡Ui gva¨‡g M„nxZ wPÎ mš‘wóweavb †¯‹j, cwigvcK AcÖZzj m¤ú` `y®úªvc¨Zv ¯‹zj weÁvb I cªhyw³ ˆeÁvwbK/KvwiMwi wewbgq I †hvMv‡hvM mgy`ªc_ AcÖavb Drm wbivcËv wb‡R weµq hy³iv‡ó«i wm‡bU wew”QbœZvev`x cwi‡lev emwZ Kiv 17 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI settlement settlements settler shape shelter similarities/differences slave slave trade slavery social Dcwb‡ek emwZ emwZ ¯’vcbKvix AvK…wZ Avkªq mv`„k¨/ˆemv`„k¨ µxZ`vm `vm e¨emv `vmZ¡ mvgvwRK social/cultural changes and connections mvgvwRK/mvs¯‹…wZK cwieZ©b I †hvMv‡hvM socialism societies society solutions solving problems songs Sons of Liberty South America Spanish colonies spatial organization speeches standard of living stars and stripes state state government Statue of Liberty steamboat steamboats stock market stories strategy strengths strike student rights suburban mgvRZš¿ mgvRmg~n mgvR mgvavb mgm¨v mgm¨vavb Kiv Mvb mÝ Ae wjevwU© (Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZv mg_©bKvixMY) `w¶Y Av‡gwiKv ¯ú¨vwbk Dcwb‡ek gvwÎK web¨vm e³v RxebhvÎvi gvb ZviKvLwPZ I †WvivKvUv (hy³iv‡óªi cZvKv) †÷U, A½ivóª †÷U miKvi ÷¨vPz Ae wjevwU© ev®úxq RvnvR w÷g‡evU ÷K gv‡K©U Kvwnwb †KŠkj mvg_©¨ ag©NvU wkÿv_©xi AwaKvi DcKÉxq ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) 18 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH suburbs subways suffrage supply and demand supply and demand 4 symbols Supreme Court surplus symbolize symbols systems T tables tariff tax taxes teach teacher technological technology telegraph television tenant farmer themes then/now time time zones timeline today tolerance tomorrow tools towpath trade traditions traffic lights trains traitor ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) BENGALI kniZwj mveI‡q †fvUvwaKvi mieivn I Pvwn`v mieivn I Pvwn`vi 4wU cÖZxK mywcÖg †KvU© DØ„Ë cªZxKxKiY cªZxK e¨e¯’vmg~n mviwY ïé Ki/LvRbv Ki †kLv‡bv wkÿK cÖhyw³MZ cªhyw³ †UwjMªvd †Uwjwfkb eM©v Pvlx w_g ZLb/GLb mgq UvBg †Rvb mgqmxgv AvR mwnòzZv Kvj nvwZqvi/miÄvg hvbevnb †U‡b †bqvi c_ evwYR¨ cª_v UªvwdK evwZ †Uªb wek¦vmNvZK 19 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI transmit transportation transportation revolution treaty trends tribe tributaries Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Cancer trucks truth tundra turning points turnpike U unify unions unique unite United Nations United States of America unlimited unlimited needs and wants up/down UªvbmwgU cwienb cwienb wec−e Pzw³ aviv †MvÎ/DcRvwZ Ki`ivR ev Ki`ivR¨ gKiµvwš— KK©Uµvwš— cY¨evnx †VjvMvwo mZ¨ Zz›`ªv µvwš—jMœ Uvb©cvBK urban bvMwiK/kvnwiK urbanization uses of geography bMivqb f‚‡Mv‡ji e¨envi GKxKiY Kiv BDwbqb Abycg GK Kiv RvwZmsN hy³ivó« Amxg Amxg cÖ‡qvRb I Pvwn`v Dc‡i/wb‡P V g~j¨‡eva mv‡eK ˆmwbK †f‡Uv MÖvg †fvU †fvU`vb values veteran veto village vote voting W wampum ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) Iqv¤úyg, Avw` Av‡gwiKvb‡`i gy`ªv wn‡k‡e e¨en«Z wSbyK 20 Elementary-Level Social Studies Glossary ENGLISH BENGALI wants war war strategy water masses weaknesses week Western Hemisphere westward expansion wigwam work worker Afve hy× iY‡KŠkj Rjivwk `ye©jZv mßvn cwðg †Mvjva© cwðggyLx we¯—vi DBMIqvg, Avw` Av‡gwiKvb‡`i Avevm KvR Kg©x world bank wek¦e¨vsK world in spatial terms writings Y year yesterday c„w_exi Ae¯’vb wjLb ALBETAC 2007-2008, T*I-8497 (Bengali) eQi MZKvj 21
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz