Glossary
ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS
Glossary of Terms
English / Swahili
Translation of ELA Terms
Based on Coursework for
ELA Grades 3 to 8
Last Updated: March 2016
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
GLOSSARY
ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS
ENGLISH - SPANISH
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
P-16
Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education
Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies
http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Regents of the University
MERRYL H. TISCH, Chancellor, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ...........................................
ANTHONY S. BOTTAR, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D. ………………...........................
NAN EILEEN MEAD, B.A. …………......................................................................
JOSEPHINE VICTORIA FINN, B.A., J.D. ……………………........................................
BEVERLY L. OUDERKIRK, B.S., M.S. …..............................................................
T. ANDREW BROWN, B.A., J.D. …………….....................................................
CATHERINE COLLINS, B.S., M.S., Ph.D. ...........................................................
JAMES R. TALLON, JR., B.A., M.A. ...................................................................
ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D.....................................................................................
JUDITH JOHNSON, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ...............................................................
BETTY A. ROSA, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D. .......................
LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. .........................................................
CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ..............................................................
WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. .................................................................................
JUDITH CHIN, B.S., M.S., ...................................................................................
KATHLEEN M. CASHIN, B.S., M.S., Ed.D..........................................................
JAMES E. COTTRELL, B.S., M.D...........................................................................
New York
Syracuse
Manhattan
Albany
Saratoga
Mid-State
West New York
Binghamton
Great Neck
Mid-Hudson
Bronx
Oakland Gardens
Staten Island
Rochester
Queens
Brooklyn
New York
Commissioner of Education
President of The University of the State of New York
MARYELLEN ELIA
Executive Deputy Commissioner
ELIZABETH BERLIN
The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital
status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its
educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats,
including Braille, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should
be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity, Ethics, and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY
12234. Requests for additional copies of this publication may be made by contacting the Publications Sales Desk, Room
319, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.
NYS LANGUAGE RBE-RN AT NYU
PAGE 1
2012
ENGLISH SWAHILI
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
action
active voice
according to the information
adjective
alliteration
allusion
alternate claim
analogy
analyze
anecdote
another
answer
argument
article
arrange
audience
author
author's purpose
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
hatua
hali ya kutenda
kwa mujibu wa maelezo haya
kivumishi
takriri
kudokeza
madai mbadala
ulinganisho
chambua
mchapo
‐ingine
jibu
hoja
makala
pangilia
hadhira
mwandishi
madhumuni ya mwandishi
B
1
5
because
before
beginning
bibliography
biography
6
both
6
1
2
3
4
2
3
4
5
kwa sababu
kabla
mwanzo
bibliografia
wasifu
wote, zote, vyote (depending on the noun class)
C
1
2
capitalization
cause
1
2
kuweka herufi kubwa
kisababishi
ENGLISH 18
cause/effect
chapter
character
characteristics
chart
check
choose circle
citation
cite
claim
classification
clause
collaborative discussion
comma (,)
compare
19
20
SWAHILI
18
kisababishi/athari
sura
herufi
sifa
chati
angalia/thibitisha (v)
chagua
duara
rejeleo
rejelea
dai
uainishaji
kirai
majadiliano shirikishi
koma (,)
linganisha
compare and contrast (in writing)
19
linganisha na tofautisha (kwa kuandika)
20
22
complex sentence
compound sentence
compound‐complex sentence
22
sentensi changamani
sentensi ambatani
sentensi ambatani‐changamani
23
concluding statement/section
23
sehemu/kauli ya hitimisho
24
concrete detail
conflict
contrast
connotation
context
conventions
credible source
24
maelezo yakinifu
mgogoro
tofauti
ashirio
muktadha
mapatano
chanzo kinachoaminika
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
21
25
26
27
28
29
30
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
21
25
26
27
28
29
30
ENGLISH SWAHILI
D
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
definition
demonstrate
describe
description
detail
dialogue
dictionary
digital source
directions
distinguish
drama
draw conclusions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
fasili
onyesha
fafanua
ufafanuzi
maelezo mjadala
mamusi
chanzo cha kidijiti
maelekezo
tofautisha
mchezo wa kuigiza
weka hitimisho
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
edit
elaborate
end / the end
enough
essay
events
event sequence
everyday speech
evidence
explain
explicit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
hariri
fafanua
mwisho
‐a kutosha
insha
matukio
mfululizo wa tukio
usemi wa kila siku
ushahidi
elezea
wazi
F
1
2
3
4
fable
fact
false
fantasy story
1
2
3
4
hekaya
ukweli
uongo
hadithi za fantasia
ENGLISH 5
6
7
8
9
10
11
fiction
figurative language
figure of speech
find the main idea
folktale
format
furthermore
SWAHILI
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
hadithi ya kubuni
lugha ya picha
tamathali ya usemi
tafuta wazo kuu
ngano
muundo
aidha
G
1
2
3
genre
glossary
go on
1
2
3
aina
faharasa
endelea
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
happen heading
help
historical novel/account
how
however
1
2
3
4
5
6
kutokea
kichwa
msaada
riwaya/usimulizi wa kihistoria
kwa jinsi gani
hata hivyo
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
identify
if … then
illustrate
inference
informative/explanatory text
initially
inquiry
interpret
introduction
irony
issue
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
bainisha
ikiwa ... basi
onyesha
uamuzi
matini ya kufahamisha/kufafanua
mwanzoni
maulizo
tafsiri
utangulizi
kejeli
suala
ENGLISH SWAHILI
J
1
2
3
judgment
journal
justify
1
2
3
hukumu
jarida
thibitisha
K
1
2
3
4
key event
key detail/idea
know
knowledge
1
2
3
4
tukio muhimu
maelezo/wazo muhimu
elewa
maarifa
L
1
2
3
4
5
6
list
literary nonfiction
literary text
listen
listening
long time ago
1
2
3
4
5
6
orodha
fasihi isiyo ya kubuni
maandishi ya fasihi
sikiliza
kusikiliza
muda mrefu uliopita
M
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
main
main character
main idea
main purpose
make believe
memoir
mood
most important
most likely
motive
multimedia
myth
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
‐kuu
mhusika mkuu
wazo kuu
lengo kuu
kujifanya
kumbukumbu maalum
hali ya moyo
muhimu zaidi
hasa
nia
media anuwai
kisasili
ENGLISH SWAHILI
N
1
2
3
4
5
narrated experience/event
narrative
narrator
nonfiction
noun
1
2
3
4
5
tukio/uzoefu uliosimuliwa
simulio
msimulizi
hadithi isiyo ya kubuni
nomino
O
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
objective summary
obstacle
often
on the other hand
opinion
opposing claim
otherwise
outcome
outline
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
muhtasari wa lengo
kikwazo
mara nyingi
kwa upande mwingine
maoni
madai pingamizi
vinginevyo
matokeo
mpangilio
P
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
paragraph
paraphrase
parentheses ( … )
passage
person
phrase
plagiarism
plan
plot
poem/poetry
point of view/perspective
preceding
predict
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
aya
ufafanuzi
mabano (...)
kifungu cha habari
mtu
kifungu cha maneno
wizi wa maandishi
mpango
mfululizo wa matukio
shairi/ushairi
mtazamo
‐li‐otangulia
tabiri
ENGLISH 14
15
16
17
18
19
20
print source
probably
problem
publish
pun
punctuation
purpose
SWAHILI
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
chapisha chanzo
pengine
tatizo
chapisha
mchezo wa maneno
uakifishaji
madhumuni
Q
1
2
question
quotation
1
2
swali
nukuu
R
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
read
reader
read aloud
reading
ready
real
reason reflection
research
resolution
respond
response
rhyme
revise
role
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
soma
msomaji
soma kwa sauti
kusoma
tayari
halisi
sababu
kutafakari
utafiti
azimio
itikia
jibu
kina
pitia tena
wajibu
ENGLISH SWAHILI
S
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
scene
sensory language
sentence
sequence
setting
show
significance
soliloquy
solution
sonnet
source
stanza
statement
story
summary
support
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
onyesho/eneo la tukio
lugha ya kihisia
sentensi
mfululizo
mazingira
onyesha
umuhimu
mazungumzo ya nafsi
suluhisho
soniti
chanzo
ubeti
kauli
hadithi
muhtasari
usaidizi
T
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
technology
tell
text
textual evidence
then
therefore
theme/central idea
thesaurus
through
title
tone
topic
traditional stories
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
teknolojia
sema
matini
ushahidi wa kimatini
halafu
kwa hiyo
ujumbe/wazo kuu
kamusi ya visawe
kupitia
kichwa
toni
mada
hadithi za jadi
ENGLISH 14
15
16
transition
true
turn
SWAHILI
14
15
16
mpito
kweli
geuza
U
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
underline
understanding
unfortunately
unless
up to now
use
use evidence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
pigia msitari
uelewa
kwa bahati mbaya
isipokuwa
hadi sasa
tumia
tumia ushahidi
W
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
watch out
we
what
when
whenever
where
whereas
whereby
wherein
which
who
who is speaking
why
wide open
with
without
word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
kuwa mwangalifu
sisi
nini
lini
wakati wowote
wapi
ilihali
ambapo
ambamo
nini
nani
nani anayezungumza
kwa nini
wazi kabisa
na
bila
neno