Glossary
ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS
Glossary of Terms
English / Marshallese
Translation of ELA Terms
Based on Coursework for
ELA Grades 3 to 8
Last Updated: April 2016
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
GLOSSARY ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS ENGLISH ‐ SPANISH
THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234
P‐16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education Office of Bilingual Education and Foreign Language Studies http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/ THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University BETTY A. ROSA, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D. ............ Bronx
T. ANDREW BROWN, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D. ………………......................................... Syracuse
NAN EILEEN MEAD, B.A. ………….................................................................................. Manhattan
JOSEPHINE VICTORIA FINN, B.A., J.D. ……………………................................................... Albany
BEVERLY L. OUDERKIRK, B.S., M.S. ............................................................................. Saratoga
ELIZABETH. S. HAKANSON ……………........................................................................ Onondaga
CATHERINE COLLINS, B.S., M.S., Ph.D. ....................................................................... West New York
JAMES R. TALLON, R., B.A., M.A. ................................................................................. Binghamton
ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D.................................................................................................. Great Neck
JUDITH JOHNSON, B.A., M.A., Ed.D. ............................................................................ Mid-Hudson
LUIS O. REYES, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ................................................................................. New York
LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed. D. ..................................................................... Oakland Gardens
CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. .......................................................................... Staten Island
WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. .............................................................................................. Rochester
JUDITH CHIN, B.S., M.S., ............................................................................................... Queens
KATHLEEN M. CASHIN, B.S., M.S., Ed.D...................................................................... Brooklyn
JAMES E. COTTRELL, B.S., M.D....................................................................................... New York
Commissioner of Education
President of The University of the State of New York
MARYELLEN ELIA
Executive Deputy Commissioner
ELIZABETH BERLIN
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319, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.
NYS LANGUAGE RBE‐RN AT NYU PAGE 1 2012 ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
A
1
action
1
2
active voice
2
3
3
12
according to the information
adjective
alliteration
allusion
alternate claim
analogy
analyze
anecdote
another
answer
13
argument
13
14
14
15
article
arrange
16
audience
16
17
author
17
18
author's purpose
18
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
kōṃṃan juon men
Marshallese has no passive voice; therefore the active/passive distinction is not made.
ekkar n̄ an ṃeļeļe ko
4
5
6
7
8
9
mejaļ
10
11
12
15
bar juon
uwaak
Marshallese has words for "argument," in the sense of quarreling or bickering, but not in the sense of an "academic argument."
bwebwenato ("story")
karōk
"Ri‐alwōj" is an audience that is watching a show, listening to a speech, etc., but it is not necessarily transferable to the intended readers of a written text.
ri‐kōṃṃan bwebwenato ("one‐who‐
makes stories")
wūnin ri‐kōṃṃan bwebwenato
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
B
1
3
because
before
beginning
4
bibliography
4
5
biography
both
5
1
2
6
2
3
6
kōnke
mokta jān
jinoin
juon laajrak in wūn ko me juon ri‐
kōṃṃan bwebwenato ekar kōjerbale
bwebwenatoun mour an juon armej
aolep ruo ("all two")
C
1
3
capitalization
cause
cause/effect
4
chapter
4
5
character
5
1
2
2
3
6
characteristics
6
7
chart
7
8
check
choose circle
8
9
10
9
10
kiāptōļ
wūnin
wūnin/tokjān
jebta (This is obviously from the English "chapter," but has come to refer to a singing "chapter" in church, and now refers in general to song/dance groups that perform on Christmas day. It can possibly be used for a book chapter.)
ļōman (this is an "inalienable noun," meaning it requires a possessive suffix, which is seen in the final "n," meaning "his/her/its."
jaat (from English, specifically refers to a nautical chart or any map)
kakōļļe
kāālōt
ọo (noun) ọouk (verb)
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
11
citation
11
12
cite
12
13
13
18
claim
classification
clause
collaborative discussion
comma (,)
compare
19
compare and contrast (in writing)
19
20
20
22
complex sentence
compound sentence
compound‐complex sentence
23
concluding statement/section
23
24
concrete detail
conflict
contrast
connotation
context
conventions
credible source
24
14
15
16
17
21
25
26
27
28
29
30
14
an juon ri‐kōṃṃan bwebwenato ej kowaļọk an kōjerbal naan ko an bar juon armej
n̄ e juon ri‐kōṃṃan bwebwenato ej kowaļọk an kōjerbal naan ko an bar juon armej
likūt ilo jet kilaj ko
15
16
17
18
keid
keidi kōtaan eo (ilo jeje)
aepokpokin jāntōj
21
22
25
26
jāntōj/kōnnaan in kōjeṃļọk
aitwerōk
kōtaan (noun)
27
28
29
30
wūn me kwō maron̄ in lōke
1
alikkarin kōmmeļeļe
kwaļọk kadkadin
kadkad
tipdik D
1
2
3
4
5
definition
demonstrate
describe
description
detail
2
3
4
5
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
10
dialogue
dictionary
digital source
directions
distinguish
10
11
drama
11
12
draw conclusions
12
6
7
8
9
6
7
8
9
kōnnaan ippān doon
tūkjinede
wūn eo jarom (āinwōt online)
kōmmeļeļe ko
kile
ikkure ("play"), tieta (from English "theater" ‐ "theater, drama")
ba wōt
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
edit
elaborate
end / the end
enough
essay
events
event sequence
everyday speech
evidence
explain
explicit
1
2
3
4
jeje ("write, edit, record")
kōmmeļeļe
jeṃļọk/ jeṃļọk eo
bwe
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
waļọk ko
laajrak in waļọk
kōnnaan in aolep raan
kein kaṃool
kōmmeļeļe
kanooj in alikkar
F
1
fable
1
2
fact
false
fantasy story
fiction
figurative language
figure of speech
find the main idea
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
juon bwebwenato ekadu me ej katakin juon men kōn mour
lukwi
riab
4
5
6
7
8
bwebwenato me ejjab ṃool
kaj me ej kōṃṃan āinwōt pija
wāween ba wōt
pukot ļōmņak eo eaorōktata
ENGLISH 9
10
11
folktale
format
furthermore
MARSHALLESE
9
10
11
inọn̄
annan̄ in
dedeen ke
G
1
genre
1
2
glossary
2
3
go on
3
bwebwenato rot
laajrak in naan (This is my own construct, "list of words.")
etal wōt
H
1
2
3
4
5
6
happen heading
help
historical novel/account
how
however
1
2
3
4
5
6
walōk
jeban ("head of, at the top of")
jipan̄
bwebwenato
eļmān
bōtaab
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
identify
if … then
illustrate
inference
informative/explanatory text
initially
inquiry
interpret
introduction
irony
issue
1
2
3
kile
elan̄ n̄ e … innām
waan jon̄ ak
4
5
6
7
8
9
naan in kōmmeļeļe
ilo jinoin
kajjitōk eo
ukok
ba kajjien
10
11
juon kajjitōk eļap
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
J
1
judgment
1
2
journal
2
3
justify
3
reilik‐reiṃaan ("use critical judgment")
bok in jeje kōn kōṃṃan ko im ļōmņak ko aṃ aolep raan
kajimwe
K
1
key event
1
2
key detail/idea
2
3
know
knowledge
3
4
waļọk eo eaorōktata n̄ an meļeļe
tipdik/ļōmņak eo eaorōktata n̄ an meļeļe
4
jeļā
jeļā ļọkjen
1
laajrak
L
1
2
3
4
5
6
list
literary nonfiction
literary text
listen
listening
long time ago
2
3
4
5
6
ron̄ jake
ron̄ jake
etto
M
1
main
1
2
main character
main idea
main purpose
make believe
2
3
4
5
3
4
lukkuun (can also mean "actual," "extremely," "really," etc.)
armej eo me eaorōktata
lukkuun ļōmņak eo
lukkuun wūnin
5
6
memoir
6
7
mood
7
bwebwenatoun men ko kwōj ememej (My own construct. "Story of things you remember.")
taṃṃwin
ENGLISH 8
9
10
11
most important
most likely
motive
multimedia
myth
MARSHALLESE
8
9
10
aorōktata
eļapļọk an maron̄
wūn
11
12
inọn̄
1
4
narrated experience/event
narrative
narrator
nonfiction
5
noun
5
bwebwenatoun juon men me ekar waļọk
bwebwenato
ri‐bwebwenato
bwebwenato me eṃool
juon naan kōn juon armej, juon jikin, juon men eo, ak juon ļōmņak
12
N
1
2
3
2
3
4
O
1
8
objective summary
obstacle
often
on the other hand
opinion
opposing claim
otherwise
outcome
9
outline
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
2
3
kinọwea
emmakijkij
4
5
ļōmņak
6
7
8
āinjuon
waļọk
annan̄ (This word is defined as "shadow; reflection; picture; diagram; plan; shape; silhouette; outline; caricature; image; profile; replica; statue; example." Given that it pertains more to the shape or silhouette of an object, I am not sure that it would be understood in speaking of the outline of a text.
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
P
1
6
paragraph
paraphrase
parentheses ( … )
passage
person
phrase
7
plagiarism
7
8
plan
8
9
plot
9
10
poem/poetry
10
11
point of view/perspective
11
12
12
13
preceding
predict
14
print source
14
15
probably
problem
publish
15
1
2
3
4
5
16
17
18
pun
2
pārokōrāāp
ba ilo aṃ make naan
3
4
5
6
13
16
jet jāntōj ak pārokōrāāp ko
armej
jet naan ko, āinwōt ṃōttan juon jāntōj
kōjerbal naan ko jān bar juon armej (āinwōt jān juon bok), ak jab kowaļọk ke ejjab aṃ make naan.
annan̄
ļam (Defined as " imagine; scheme; plot; determine; to shape," perhaps usable in regard to literature.
boeṃ
wāween aṃ make loe juon men, āinwōt jen ijo im kwe wōt ej jutak ie. ṃokta jān
bōklōkōt
(I could use a phrase here, but it would easily be misread as "reason for printing." "Source" and "reason" are the same word in Marshallese.)
bōlen
kajjitōk
17
18
kaj (Defined as "idiom; language; motto; pun; saying; slang; slogan; jargon; lingo," this word may not give the specific meaning necessary. ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
kakōļļe (Generally meaning "mark," this word is also used for a check mark, as in a check box, so it may be better to simply use the English word.)
19
punctuation
19
20
purpose
20
wūn
kajjitōk
ālijin ("quote his/her/its." This noun is inalienable from its possessive suffix. The verb form ‐ "to quote" ‐ is "ālij."
Q
1
question
1
2
quotation
2
R
1
3
read
reader
read aloud
4
reading
4
5
5
7
ready
real
reason 8
reflection
8
9
research
resolution
respond
response
rhyme
9
1
2
6
10
11
12
13
2
3
6
7
riit
ri‐riit ("one who reads")
kōnono
Ej riit. (There is no exactly corresponding form; this translation reads "He/she‐
now reads."
pojak
lukwi
wūn
annan̄ (as in a mirror); kōļmānļọkjen (verb, "to concentrate, reflect.")
pukot meļeļe ko kōn juon men
10
11
12
13
uwaak
uwaak
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
14
revise
14
15
role
15
kōkāāl men ko me eṃōj aṃ jei
kajjien juon armej ilo juon bwebwenato
S
1
scene
1
2
sensory language
2
3
sentence
sequence
setting
show
significance
soliloquy
solution
sonnet
source
stanza
statement
story
summary
support
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
4
kaj kōn en̄ jake (My own construct, "Language about feeling, experiencing, sensing.")
jāntōj
laajrak
5
6
7
kowaļọk
aorōkin
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
wūn
eoon
kōnnaan (verb)
bwebwenato
jet jāntōj in kōmmeļeļe
rie
T
1
2
technology
tell
3
text
3
4
textual evidence
then
therefore
4
1
5
6
2
5
6
jiron̄
naan ko (the words); jeje ko (the writings)
kein kaṃool ilo jeje ko
innām
kōn menin
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
7
8
theme/central idea
thesaurus
9
through
9
10
title
tone
topic
traditional stories
transition
true
turn
10
7
11
12
13
14
15
16
ļōmņak eo eoļōpan
8
n̄ an (as in "1 through 7"); ilo (as in "through unfamiliar ocean routes.")
etan (name‐its)
11
12
13
14
15
16
bwebwenato ej kōn ta
inọn̄
oktak
ṃool
jeor
U
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
underline
understanding
unfortunately
unless
up to now
use
use evidence
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
kōṃṃan ļain iuṃwin
meļeļe
ilo jerata
ijellọkun
n̄ an kiiō
kōjerbal
kōjerbal kein kaṃool
W
1
watch out
1
2
we
2
3
3
5
what
when
whenever
6
where
6
7
whereas
whereby
7
4
8
4
5
8
kōjparok
kōm (excluding hearer); kōj (including hearer)
ta
n̄ āāt (when?); n̄ e ("when you finish")
ilo jabewōt iien
ia ("where ?"); ijo ("standing calmly where theyʻd been tethered.")
ENGLISH MARSHALLESE
10
wherein
which
10
11
who
11
12
who is speaking
12
13
why
wide open
with
without
word
13
9
14
15
16
17
9
me
wōn ("who ?"); me ("a narrator who knows.")
wōn eo ej kōnnaan? ("who is speaking ?"); me ej kōnnaan (the person who is speaking .")
etke
14
15
16
17
ippān
ejjeļọk
naan