Errors were found in this report; data in table 4 were corrected. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-working-poor-data.htm.
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Poor, 2009
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statisitics
March 2011
Report 1027
I
n 2009, according to the Census Bureau, about 43.6 million
people, or 14.3 percent of the Nation’s population, lived at
RU EHORZ WKH RI¿FLDO SRYHUW\ OHYHO1 Although the poor were
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“working poor,” 1.5 million more than in 2008. The working poor
are persons who spent at least 27 weeks in the labor force (that is,
working or looking for work) but whose incomes still fell below
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ratio of the working poor to all individuals in the labor force for
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chart.)
Following are additional highlights from the 2009 data:
x
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persons in the labor force for 27 weeks or more, 4.2
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x
Black and Hispanic workers continued to be about twice
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x
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diminishes as workers attain higher levels of education.
Among college graduates, 2.1 percent of those who were
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working poor, compared with 20.3 percent of those with
less than a high school diploma.
x
x
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personal income is used as the determinant. Data were collected in
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this report, see the technical note at the end of this report.)
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Among those who were in the labor force for 27 weeks or more in
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continued to be higher for women (7.5 percent) than for men (6.6
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working men and women who spent at least 27 weeks or more in
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men (14.2 percent) and women (13.6 percent) also were about the
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percent) was higher than the rate for Black men (10.1 percent).
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other age groups, in part because their earnings are lower and
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Among families with at least one member in the labor
force for 27 weeks or more, those families with children
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their male counterparts to be among the working poor.
This report presents data on the relationship between labor force
DFWLYLW\DQGSRYHUW\VWDWXVLQIRUZRUNHUVDQGWKHLUIDPLOLHV
Table A.3RYHUW\VWDWXVRISHRSOHDQGSULPDU\IDPLOLHVLQWKH
ODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNV
2006
2007
Total persons1 ........................... 145,229 146,567
In poverty ...............................
7,427
7,521
Working-poor rate ..................
5.1
5.1
Unrelated individuals ................. 31,887 33,226
In poverty ...............................
2,741
2,558
Working-poor rate ..................
8.6
7.7
Primary families2 ........................ 65,388 65,158
In poverty ...............................
3,960
4,169
Working-poor rate ..................
6.1
6.4
2008
2009
147,838 147,902
8,883 10,391
6.0
7.0
32,785 33,798
3,275
3,947
10.0
11.7
65,907 65,467
4,538
5,193
6.9
7.9
1
Includes people in families, not shown separately.
Primary families with at least one member in the labor force for more
than half the year.
2
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2010), on the Internet at http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf.
1
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.
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Chart 1. 3RYHUW\UDWHRISHUVRQVLQWKHODERUIRUFHIRUZHHNVRUPRUH
Percent
8.07
7.0
6
6.0
5.05
4.0
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
4
1987
1988 Annual
1989 1990
1991
1992 1993
1994 Current
1995 1996
1997 Survey
1998 (CPS),
1999 Bureau
2000 2001
2002
2003
SOURCE:
Social and
Economic
Supplement,
Population
of Labor
Statistics
2004
2005
2006
2007
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women at all educational levels. For example, 22.0 percent of
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poor, compared with 18.4 percent of their male counterparts.
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male counterparts to be among the working poor: 31.8 percent
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men and women with a bachelor’s degree or higher were similar,
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to 54 (4.7 percent), 55 to 64 (3.6 percent), and 65 and older (2.3
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for 27 weeks or more in 2009, those with less than a high school
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an associate’s degree and those with a bachelor’s degree or higher
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not require high levels of education and that are characterized
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working poor. For example, 13.2 percent of service workers were
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natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations, 9.7
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construction and extraction occupations were among the working
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alone or with unrelated individuals was 12.0 percent, compared
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rates for unrelated individuals were much higher for Blacks (15.1
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each person’s resources. The pooling of resources and sharing of
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despite having at least one member in the labor force for half
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3.1 percent for families without children. About 26.6 percent of
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percent in 2008.
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those who participated in the labor force for 27 weeks or more and
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time experienced at least one of the major labor market problems.
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or in combination with other labor market problems. About 44
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other problems, up from 38 percent in 2008. In 2009, 7 percent of
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million unrelated individuals who were in the labor force for half
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teens who were in the labor force for 27 weeks or more and who
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obtained from a complete count using the same questionnaire
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cases where the numbers are small. Thus, both small estimates
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represented the average of the real value of the minimum wage
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at http://www.census.gov/prod/2010pubs/p60-238.pdf.
Labor force. Persons in the labor force are those who worked or
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job and were expecting to be recalled to that job. The number of
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(householder) and all people living in the household who are
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used to describe the race of people. People in these categories are
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respondent.
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5
Table 1. 3HRSOHLQWKHODERUIRUFHSRYHUW\VWDWXVDQGZRUNH[SHULHQFHE\ZHHNVLQWKHODERUIRUFH
(Numbers in thousands)
27 or more weeks in the labor force
Poverty status and work experience
Total in the labor force
Total
50 to 52 weeks
159,776
5,847
153,929
120,538
33,391
10,979
22,412
147,902
3,926
143,976
116,695
27,281
9,678
17,603
135,576
3,477
132,099
110,049
22,050
8,379
13,671
147,061
3,793
143,268
114,954
28,314
8,327
19,987
137,511
2,549
134,962
111,764
23,198
7,417
15,781
126,668
2,264
124,404
105,755
18,650
6,368
12,281
12,715
2,054
10,661
5,583
5,077
2,652
2,426
10,391
1,377
9,014
4,931
4,083
2,261
1,822
8,908
1,213
7,695
4,294
3,401
2,011
1,390
8.0
35.1
6.9
4.6
15.2
24.2
10.8
7.0
35.1
6.3
4.2
15.0
23.4
10.4
6.6
34.9
5.8
3.9
15.4
24.0
10.2
7RWDO
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
$WRUDERYHSRYHUW\OHYHO
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
%HORZSRYHUW\OHYHO
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
5DWH1
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force.
6
Table 2. 3HRSOHLQWKHODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNVSRYHUW\VWDWXVE\DJHVH[UDFHDQG+LVSDQLFRU/DWLQR
HWKQLFLW\
(Numbers in thousands)
Below poverty level
Age and sex
Total
Black or
African
American
White
Total, 16 years and older .................. 147,902 120,560
16 to 19 years .......................................
3,749
3,127
20 to 24 years ....................................... 13,233 10,530
25 to 34 years ....................................... 32,465 25,625
35 to 44 years ....................................... 32,819 26,169
45 to 54 years ....................................... 35,671 29,403
55 to 64 years ....................................... 23,223 19,770
65 years and older ................................
6,742
5,936
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
16,864
423
1,801
4,185
3,975
3,927
2,074
479
6,948
85
434
1,701
1,885
1,633
975
235
21,175
642
2,449
6,146
5,508
4,040
1,918
471
10,391
476
1,961
3,004
2,286
1,680
832
152
7,553
346
1,394
2,127
1,694
1,215
656
120
2,073
98
414
647
449
329
118
17
390
17
83
79
84
77
38
11
2,948
101
424
967
820
447
157
32
Men, 16 years and older ...................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
79,019
1,891
6,917
17,812
17,924
18,689
12,087
3,700
65,623
1,573
5,607
14,383
14,652
15,673
10,429
3,306
7,842
212
830
1,995
1,834
1,811
943
218
3,731
53
231
926
1,016
845
519
141
12,565
357
1,428
3,840
3,363
2,260
1,046
271
5,216
182
879
1,526
1,241
885
421
81
4,031
135
654
1,185
988
658
347
64
796
33
151
233
173
154
44
7
214
10
40
39
47
47
21
9
1,778
54
242
614
528
237
87
17
Women, 16 years and older .............
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
68,883
1,858
6,316
14,653
14,895
16,982
11,136
3,042
54,937
1,554
4,923
11,243
11,517
13,729
9,341
2,630
9,022
211
970
2,190
2,142
2,116
1,131
261
3,217
32
204
775
869
788
456
94
8,610
286
1,021
2,307
2,145
1,779
872
200
5,176
293
1,082
1,479
1,045
795
410
71
3,522
211
739
943
706
557
309
56
1,277
65
263
414
276
175
74
9
176
7
43
41
37
30
17
–
1,170
47
183
354
292
210
69
16
Rate1
Age and sex
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Total, 16 years and older ..................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
7.0
12.7
14.8
9.3
7.0
4.7
3.6
2.3
6.3
11.1
13.2
8.3
6.5
4.1
3.3
2.0
12.3
23.2
23.0
15.5
11.3
8.4
5.7
3.5
5.6
19.8
19.1
4.7
4.5
4.7
3.9
4.7
13.9
15.8
17.3
15.7
14.9
11.1
8.2
6.9
Men, 16 years and older ...................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
6.6
9.7
12.7
8.6
6.9
4.7
3.5
2.2
6.1
8.6
11.7
8.2
6.7
4.2
3.3
1.9
10.1
15.6
18.2
11.7
9.4
8.5
4.7
3.4
5.7
(2)
17.4
4.2
4.6
5.6
4.0
6.7
14.2
15.2
16.9
16.0
15.7
10.5
8.3
6.2
Women, 16 years and older .............
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
7.5
15.8
17.1
10.1
7.0
4.7
3.7
2.3
6.4
13.6
15.0
8.4
6.1
4.1
3.3
2.1
14.2
30.9
27.1
18.9
12.9
8.3
6.5
3.5
5.5
(2)
21.0
5.2
4.3
3.8
3.8
1.7
13.6
16.4
17.9
15.3
13.6
11.8
8.0
7.8
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the
labor force for 27 or more weeks.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are
not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to
zero.
7
Table 3. 3HRSOHLQWKHODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNVSRYHUW\VWDWXVE\HGXFDWLRQDODWWDLQPHQWUDFH+LVSDQLFRU/DWLQR
HWKQLFLW\DQGVH[
(Numbers in thousands)
Educational attainment, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Rate1
Below poverty level
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total, 16 years and older .........................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
147,902
14,448
4,497
8,159
1,792
43,585
42,680
28,224
14,456
47,189
79,019
9,103
2,998
4,935
1,170
24,920
20,798
14,254
6,543
24,199
68,883
5,345
1,499
3,223
623
18,666
21,883
13,970
7,913
22,990
10,391
2,927
1,091
1,525
311
3,816
2,668
1,993
675
980
5,216
1,701
735
779
187
1,904
1,124
866
258
487
5,176
1,226
356
746
124
1,912
1,544
1,127
417
493
7.0
20.3
24.3
18.7
17.3
8.8
6.3
7.1
4.7
2.1
6.6
18.7
24.5
15.8
16.0
7.6
5.4
6.1
3.9
2.0
7.5
22.9
23.8
23.1
19.9
10.2
7.1
8.1
5.3
2.1
White, 16 years and older ........................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
120,560
11,778
3,898
6,517
1,363
35,214
34,652
22,760
11,892
38,916
65,623
7,610
2,685
4,026
899
20,500
17,246
11,748
5,498
20,268
54,937
4,169
1,213
2,491
465
14,714
17,406
11,013
6,394
18,648
7,553
2,318
978
1,119
221
2,625
1,874
1,419
455
736
4,031
1,403
663
597
143
1,397
863
664
199
368
3,522
915
315
522
78
1,228
1,010
755
255
369
6.3
19.7
25.1
17.2
16.2
7.5
5.4
6.2
3.8
1.9
6.1
18.4
24.7
14.8
15.9
6.8
5.0
5.7
3.6
1.8
6.4
22.0
26.0
21.0
16.9
8.3
5.8
6.9
4.0
2.0
Black or African American, 16 years and
older .....................................................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
16,864
1,734
255
1,188
291
5,935
5,502
3,832
1,670
3,693
7,842
946
136
631
179
3,125
2,282
1,672
610
1,489
9,022
788
120
557
111
2,810
3,220
2,160
1,060
2,204
2,073
463
67
323
73
922
568
414
154
120
796
213
39
140
33
377
157
125
32
48
1,277
250
28
183
40
544
411
289
122
72
12.3
26.7
26.4
27.2
25.1
15.5
10.3
10.8
9.2
3.2
10.1
22.5
29.0
22.2
18.6
12.1
6.9
7.5
5.3
3.2
14.2
31.8
23.5
32.8
35.5
19.4
12.7
13.4
11.5
3.3
Asian, 16 years and older ........................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
6,948
484
209
178
97
1,348
1,304
772
532
3,812
3,731
260
94
101
65
685
690
420
269
2,096
3,217
224
115
77
32
663
614
351
263
1,716
390
62
34
19
8
116
106
79
28
106
214
42
26
9
7
58
51
38
13
63
176
20
8
10
2
58
55
41
14
43
5.6
12.7
16.3
10.8
(4)
8.6
8.1
10.2
5.2
2.8
5.7
16.0
27.3
9.3
(4)
8.5
7.4
9.0
4.9
3.0
5.5
8.9
7.3
12.7
4
( )
8.7
9.0
11.6
5.5
2.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and
older ......................................................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
21,175
6,612
3,288
2,645
680
6,687
4,867
3,408
1,459
3,008
12,565
4,495
2,268
1,732
495
4,106
2,442
1,780
662
1,522
8,610
2,117
1,019
913
185
2,582
2,425
1,628
797
1,486
2,948
1,527
863
527
137
883
429
322
108
109
1,778
1,003
593
301
110
509
207
165
41
59
1,170
524
270
226
28
373
223
156
67
50
13.9
23.1
26.3
19.9
20.2
13.2
8.8
9.4
7.4
3.6
14.2
22.3
26.2
17.4
22.2
12.4
8.5
9.3
6.2
3.9
13.6
24.7
26.5
24.8
15.0
14.5
9.2
9.6
8.4
3.3
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor
force for 27 or more weeks.
2 Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes people with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and
doctoral degrees.
4 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may
be of any race.
8
This revised table corrects errors in data by occupation. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-working-poor-data.htm.
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job
held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2009
(Numbers in thousands)
Rate1
Below poverty level
Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Total, 16 years and older2 .......................................... 143,976
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
76,604
67,372
9,016
4,410
4,606
6.3
5.8
6.8
52,477
25,596
26,882
1,093
504
589
2.1
2.0
2.2
21,530
30,948
24,991
34,671
16,026
18,645
12,435
13,161
10,757
12,700
7,881
4,819
9,095
17,787
14,234
21,970
8,144
13,826
470
623
3,239
2,071
1,301
770
279
225
1,113
620
412
208
191
398
2,126
1,451
889
562
2.2
2.0
13.0
6.0
8.1
4.1
2.2
1.7
10.3
4.9
5.2
4.3
2.1
2.2
14.9
6.6
10.9
4.1
14,812
1,118
8,509
5,185
14,113
830
8,293
4,990
699
287
216
195
1,367
193
957
217
1,292
148
931
214
74
45
26
3
9.2
17.3
11.2
4.2
9.2
17.8
11.2
4.3
10.7
15.8
12.1
1.4
16,896
8,373
8,523
13,332
6,121
7,211
3,564
2,251
1,313
1,243
549
693
880
346
534
363
204
159
7.4
6.6
8.1
6.6
5.6
7.4
10.2
9.0
12.2
White, 16 years and older2 ......................................... 117,920
63,962
53,957
6,725
3,512
3,212
5.7
5.5
6.0
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
43,848
21,809
22,038
865
433
432
2.0
2.0
2.0
18,594
25,254
19,116
28,395
13,298
15,097
11,020
10,789
8,404
10,449
6,750
3,700
7,574
14,464
10,711
17,946
6,548
11,398
394
471
2,306
1,429
886
544
246
187
834
453
303
150
148
284
1,472
977
583
394
2.1
1.9
12.1
5.0
6.7
3.6
2.2
1.7
9.9
4.3
4.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
13.7
5.4
8.9
3.5
13,151
1,010
7,652
4,490
12,552
751
7,465
4,336
600
259
186
154
1,191
176
839
176
1,131
137
819
176
60
39
20
1
9.1
17.4
11.0
3.9
9.0
18.2
11.0
4.0
10.0
15.2
10.8
.4
13,312
6,720
6,592
10,668
5,052
5,617
2,644
1,668
976
931
423
508
662
266
396
269
158
112
7.0
6.3
7.7
6.2
5.3
7.1
10.2
9.5
11.4
Black or African American, 16 years and older2 .........
15,863
7,252
8,612
1,601
556
1,045
10.1
7.7
12.1
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
4,429
1,595
2,834
147
32
115
3.3
2.0
4.1
1,533
2,896
3,890
4,035
1,634
2,401
660
935
1,456
1,367
634
733
873
1,961
2,434
2,668
1,000
1,668
49
98
673
455
285
171
15
17
175
97
54
42
34
82
498
358
230
128
3.2
3.4
17.3
11.3
17.4
7.1
2.3
1.8
12.0
7.1
8.6
5.8
3.9
4.2
20.5
13.4
23.0
7.7
996
63
504
429
926
45
479
402
70
18
25
27
119
13
78
29
106
8
71
27
14
5
6
2
12.0
(3)
15.4
6.7
11.4
(3)
14.9
6.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2,500
1,022
1,477
1,898
685
1,213
602
338
264
205
77
128
145
52
93
60
24
36
8.2
7.5
8.7
7.6
7.6
7.6
See footnotes at end of table.
9
10.0
7.2
13.5
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job
held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2009 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Rate1
Below poverty level
Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Asian, 16 years and older2 .........................................
6,793
3,646
3,147
356
196
161
5.2
5.4
5.1
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
3,215
1,756
1,459
54
28
26
1.7
1.6
1.8
1,060
2,155
1,245
1,400
726
674
592
1,164
558
618
363
255
468
991
687
782
363
419
19
35
134
98
83
15
13
15
60
51
45
6
6
20
74
47
38
9
1.8
1.6
10.7
7.0
11.5
2.2
2.2
1.3
10.7
8.3
12.4
2.4
1.3
2.0
10.8
6.1
10.6
2.1
295
16
127
152
282
12
125
145
13
4
2
7
23
2
17
3
23
2
17
3
7.6
(3)
13.4
2.2
8.0
(3)
13.6
2.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
637
438
198
432
261
171
205
178
28
47
21
27
34
12
21
14
8
5
7.5
4.7
13.4
7.8
4.8
12.5
6.6
4.7
(3)
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and older2 .......
20,554
12,171
8,383
2,696
1,627
1,070
13.1
13.4
12.8
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
3,735
1,791
1,945
176
84
93
4.7
4.7
4.8
1,634
2,102
5,400
4,327
1,872
2,455
910
881
2,624
1,643
874
769
724
1,221
2,776
2,684
998
1,686
73
103
964
393
230
163
43
40
434
123
82
41
30
63
530
270
148
122
4.5
4.9
17.8
9.1
12.3
6.6
4.7
4.6
16.5
7.5
9.3
5.3
4.1
5.1
19.1
10.1
14.9
7.2
3,539
465
2,364
709
3,381
354
2,337
690
158
111
27
19
699
130
502
68
665
101
496
67
35
29
5
1
19.8
27.9
21.2
9.6
19.7
28.6
21.2
9.7
21.9
25.9
(3)
(3)
3,533
1,815
1,718
2,716
1,293
1,424
817
522
294
465
213
252
322
134
188
143
79
64
13.2
11.7
14.6
11.8
10.4
13.2
17.5
15.2
21.7
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor
force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year.
2 Includes the long-term unemployed with no previous work experience
and a small number of people whose last job was in the Armed Forces.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
–
–
–
–
Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may
be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
10
Table 5. 3ULPDU\IDPLOLHVSRYHUW\VWDWXVSUHVHQFHRIUHODWHGFKLOGUHQDQGZRUNH[SHULHQFHRIIDPLO\PHPEHUV
LQWKHODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNV
(Numbers in thousands)
Total families
At or above
poverty level
Total primary families ................................................
65,467
60,274
5,193
7.9
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
35,415
30,052
31,151
29,124
4,264
929
12.0
3.1
With one member in the labor force ..................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
With two members ..........................................................
With three or more members ..........................................
27,234
38,233
32,038
6,194
22,989
37,286
31,200
6,085
4,245
947
838
109
15.6
2.5
2.6
1.8
Married-couple families .............................................
49,012
46,765
2,247
4.6
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
25,205
23,807
23,443
23,322
1,762
484
7.0
2.0
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Husband ..........................................................................
Wife .................................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
With two members ..........................................................
With three or more members ..........................................
16,016
11,323
4,028
665
32,996
27,856
5,140
14,371
10,054
3,718
598
32,394
27,325
5,070
1,646
1,269
310
67
601
532
70
10.3
11.2
7.7
10.1
1.8
1.9
1.4
Families maintained by women .................................
11,643
9,298
2,345
20.1
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
7,702
3,941
5,656
3,641
2,046
300
26.6
7.6
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Householder ....................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
8,314
6,780
1,534
3,328
6,227
4,969
1,258
3,071
2,088
1,811
277
257
25.1
26.7
18.0
7.7
Families maintained by men .....................................
4,812
4,212
601
12.5
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
2,508
2,304
2,052
2,160
456
144
18.2
6.3
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Householder ....................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
2,903
2,365
538
1,909
2,391
1,940
452
1,820
512
425
86
89
17.6
18.0
16.1
4.6
Characteristic
Below poverty
level
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
NOTE: Data relate to primary families with at least one member in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
11
Rate1
Table 6. 3HRSOHLQIDPLOLHVDQGXQUHODWHGLQGLYLGXDOVSRYHUW\VWDWXVDQGZRUNH[SHULHQFH
(Numbers in thousands)
In married-couple families
Poverty status and work experience
Total
people
In families maintained by
men
Householder
Related
children
under
18
years
Unrelated
individuals
Other
relatives
Householder
Related
children
under
18
years
5,590
1,508
913
595
4,082
20,137
12,941
2,400
10,541
7,196
14,837
10,426
749
9,678
4,411
2,269
502
288
214
1,767
12,526
7,543
903
6,641
4,983
5,547
4,282
213
4,069
1,266
586
130
68
62
455
5,935
3,908
356
3,552
2,027
53,629
35,871
2,073
33,798
17,758
54,963
36,740
2,286
34,454
18,223
5,179
1,463
882
581
3,716
18,985
12,534
2,306
10,228
6,452
10,400
7,950
293
7,657
2,450
1,527
392
213
179
1,135
10,167
6,654
694
5,960
3,513
4,607
3,721
157
3,563
887
464
118
62
56
347
5,228
3,635
301
3,334
1,594
41,704
30,953
1,101
29,852
10,751
3,357
1,994
162
1,831
1,363
3,405
1,029
209
819
2,376
410
45
31
14
366
1,152
407
94
313
744
4,437
2,477
456
2,021
1,960
742
110
75
35
633
2,359
889
209
680
1,470
940
561
55
506
379
122
13
6
–
109
706
273
55
218
433
11,925
4,918
971
3,947
7,007
5.8
4.4
11.5
4.2
10.6
5.8
2.7
8.4
2.3
11.5
7.3
3.0
3.4
2.3
9.0
5.7
3.1
3.9
3.0
10.3
29.9
23.8
60.9
20.9
44.4
Husbands
Wives
57,735
44,896
1,417
43,479
12,839
58,368
37,769
2,495
35,273
20,599
54,378
42,902
1,255
41,647
11,475
29,556
12,715
2,324
10,391
16,841
12.5
8.0
19.6
7.0
21.8
Related
children
under
18
years
In families maintained by
women
Other
relatives
Other
relatives
7RWDO
All people1 .................................. 237,158
With labor force activity .................. 159,776
1 to 26 weeks ............................... 11,874
27 or more weeks ........................ 147,902
With no labor force activity ............. 77,382
$WRUDERYHSRYHUW\OHYHO
All people1 .................................. 207,602
With labor force activity .................. 147,061
1 to 26 weeks ...............................
9,550
27 or more weeks ........................ 137,511
With no labor force activity ............. 60,541
%HORZSRYHUW\OHYHO
All people1 ..................................
With labor force activity ..................
1 to 26 weeks ...............................
27 or more weeks ........................
With no labor force activity .............
5DWH2
All people1 ..................................
With labor force activity ..................
1 to 26 weeks ...............................
27 or more weeks ........................
With no labor force activity .............
32.7
21.9
25.9
16.4
35.8
18.8
11.8
23.1
10.2
29.5
16.9
13.1
26.0
12.4
29.9
20.8
9.9
9.3
(3)
23.9
11.9
7.0
15.4
6.1
21.4
1 Data on families include primary families that own or rent the housing unit as well as related and unrelated subfamilies that reside with them.
2 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
12
22.2
13.7
46.9
11.7
39.5
Table 7. 8QUHODWHGLQGLYLGXDOVLQWKHODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNVSRYHUW\VWDWXVE\DJHVH[UDFH+LVSDQLFRU
/DWLQRHWKQLFLW\DQGOLYLQJDUUDQJHPHQW
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
At or above
poverty level
Total unrelated individuals ............................................................................
16 to 19 years ...................................................................................................
20 to 24 years ...................................................................................................
25 to 64 years ...................................................................................................
65 years and older ............................................................................................
33,798
408
4,245
27,180
1,965
29,852
206
3,230
24,529
1,888
3,947
202
1,015
2,651
77
11.7
49.6
23.9
9.8
3.9
Men ...................................................................................................................
Women .............................................................................................................
18,955
14,844
16,790
13,062
2,165
1,782
11.4
12.0
White ...............................................................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
27,520
15,676
11,844
24,479
13,980
10,499
3,041
1,696
1,345
11.1
10.8
11.4
Black or African American ...............................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
4,342
2,225
2,116
3,686
1,883
1,802
656
342
314
15.1
15.4
14.8
Asian ................................................................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
1,066
597
469
946
540
406
120
57
64
11.3
9.5
13.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
4,245
2,921
1,324
3,472
2,395
1,077
773
526
247
18.2
18.0
18.7
17,348
16,450
15,982
13,870
1,366
2,581
7.9
15.7
Characteristic
Below poverty
level
Rate1
$JHDQGVH[
5DFHDQG+LVSDQLFRU/DWLQRHWKQLFLW\
/LYLQJDUUDQJHPHQW
Living alone ......................................................................................................
Living with others ..............................................................................................
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the
labor force for 27 or more weeks.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are
not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
13
Table 8. 3HRSOHLQWKHODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNVSRYHUW\VWDWXVDQGODERUPDUNHWSUREOHPVRIIXOOWLPHZDJH
DQGVDODU\ZRUNHUV
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
At or above
poverty level
Total, full-time wage and salary workers .....................................................
110,329
106,146
4,183
3.8
No unemployment, involuntary part-time employment, or low earnings2 .........
86,735
86,160
575
.7
Unemployment only ..........................................................................................
Involuntary part-time employment only .............................................................
Low earnings only .............................................................................................
8,537
3,308
6,445
7,947
3,240
5,006
591
68
1,439
6.9
2.1
22.3
Unemployment and involuntary part-time employment ....................................
Unemployment and low earnings .....................................................................
Involuntary part-time employment and low earnings ........................................
1,750
1,951
924
1,600
1,160
662
150
791
262
8.6
40.6
28.3
Unemployment, involuntary part-time employment, and low earnings .............
679
372
307
45.2
Unemployment (alone or with other problems) .................................................
Involuntary part-time employment (alone or with other problems) ...................
Low earnings (alone or with other problems) ...................................................
12,917
6,662
9,999
11,078
5,874
7,200
1,839
787
2,799
14.2
11.8
28.0
Labor market problems
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
2 The low-earnings threshold in 2009 was $315.76 per week.
14
Below poverty
level
Rate1