Errors were found in this report; data in table 4 were corrected. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-working-poor-data.htm.
U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
A P R I L
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A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table A
Poverty status of persons and primary families in the labor force for 27 or more weeks, 2007–2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
Total persons1
In poverty
Working poor rate
Unrelated individuals
In poverty
Working poor rate
Primary families2
In poverty
Working poor rate
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
146,567
147,838
147,902
146,859
147,475
7,521
8,883
10,391
10,512
10,382
5.1
6.0
7.0
7.2
7.0
33,226
32,785
33,798
34,099
33,731
2,558
3,275
3,947
3,947
3,621
7.7
10.0
11.7
11.6
10.7
65,158
65,907
65,467
64,931
66,225
4,169
4,538
5,193
5,269
5,469
6.4
6.9
7.9
8.1
8.3
1 Includes persons in families, not shown separately.
2 Primary families with at least one member in the labor force for more than half the year.
Note: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC).
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A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Chart 1
Working-poor rate of persons in the labor force for 27 or more weeks, 1986–2011
Percent
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
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Chart 2
Working-poor rates of persons in the labor force for 27 or more weeks by race and Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity, 2011
Percent
16.0
13.3
12.9
12.0
8.0
7.0
6.1
5.4
4.0
0.0
Total
White
Black or African
American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
Note: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey (CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
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A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table 1. People in the labor force: poverty status and work experience by weeks in the labor force, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
27 or more weeks in the labor force
Poverty status and work experience
Total in the labor force
Total
50 to 52 weeks
159,693
6,214
153,479
120,585
32,895
10,390
22,505
147,475
4,040
143,435
116,587
26,849
9,194
17,655
135,637
3,511
132,126
110,260
21,867
8,012
13,855
146,847
3,926
142,921
114,928
27,992
7,921
20,071
137,094
2,449
134,645
111,673
22,972
7,031
15,941
126,697
2,135
124,563
105,886
18,676
6,119
12,557
12,847
2,288
10,559
5,657
4,902
2,469
2,433
10,382
1,591
8,790
4,914
3,877
2,163
1,713
8,940
1,376
7,564
4,374
3,190
1,893
1,298
8.0
36.8
6.9
4.7
14.9
23.8
10.8
7.0
39.4
6.1
4.2
14.4
23.5
9.7
6.6
39.2
5.7
4.0
14.6
23.6
9.4
Total
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
At or above poverty level
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
Below poverty level
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
Rate1
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
6
BLS Reports Ň April 2013‡ www.bls.gov
A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table 2. People in the labor force for 27 or more weeks: poverty status by age, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Below poverty level
Age and sex
Total
Black or
African
American
White
Total, 16 years and older .................. 147,475 118,070
16 to 19 years .......................................
3,263
2,612
20 to 24 years ....................................... 13,245 10,332
25 to 34 years ....................................... 31,907 24,688
35 to 44 years ....................................... 32,029 24,987
45 to 54 years ....................................... 34,625 28,049
55 to 64 years ....................................... 24,583 20,664
65 years and older ................................
7,823
6,738
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
17,330
400
1,864
4,096
4,011
3,969
2,330
660
7,825
113
448
1,934
2,091
1,774
1,164
301
22,503
613
2,731
6,236
5,841
4,467
2,097
516
10,382
370
1,855
2,989
2,307
1,765
964
131
7,175
271
1,245
2,048
1,612
1,185
703
111
2,299
76
449
705
449
409
196
14
423
9
43
99
126
100
41
4
2,905
109
395
922
829
427
202
21
Men, 16 years and older ...................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
78,349
1,574
6,845
17,276
17,288
18,215
12,686
4,465
64,045
1,286
5,436
13,741
13,849
15,012
10,818
3,902
7,989
177
863
1,876
1,839
1,839
1,071
323
4,125
41
248
1,030
1,126
924
578
179
12,936
343
1,546
3,805
3,369
2,464
1,135
275
4,855
185
764
1,340
1,150
916
459
40
3,564
143
536
1,017
857
645
332
34
838
34
159
208
170
168
94
6
224
2
21
55
71
56
19
–
1,596
62
201
497
474
254
105
4
Women, 16 years and older .............
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
69,127
1,689
6,400
14,632
14,741
16,409
11,897
3,358
54,025
1,326
4,895
10,947
11,137
13,037
9,846
2,836
9,341
223
1,001
2,220
2,172
2,131
1,259
336
3,700
72
200
904
965
850
586
123
9,566
270
1,185
2,432
2,473
2,004
962
241
5,527
185
1,091
1,649
1,157
849
505
91
3,612
128
709
1,031
755
540
371
77
1,461
42
290
497
280
241
102
8
199
7
22
44
55
44
22
4
1,309
48
195
425
355
173
97
17
Rate1
Age and sex
Black or
African
American
White
Total, 16 years and older ..................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
7.0
11.3
14.0
9.4
7.2
5.1
3.9
1.7
6.1
10.4
12.0
8.3
6.5
4.2
3.4
1.6
13.3
19.1
24.1
17.2
11.2
10.3
8.4
2.1
5.4
8.1
9.7
5.1
6.0
5.6
3.5
1.4
12.9
17.8
14.5
14.8
14.2
9.6
9.6
4.1
Men, 16 years and older ...................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
6.2
11.8
11.2
7.8
6.7
5.0
3.6
0.9
5.6
11.1
9.9
7.4
6.2
4.3
3.1
0.9
10.5
19.4
18.4
11.1
9.2
9.1
8.8
1.7
5.4
(2)
8.4
5.3
6.3
6.0
3.2
0.1
12.3
17.9
13.0
13.1
14.1
10.3
9.3
1.4
Women, 16 years and older .............
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
8.0
10.9
17.0
11.3
7.8
5.2
4.2
2.7
6.7
9.7
14.5
9.4
6.8
4.1
3.8
2.7
15.6
18.8
29.0
22.4
12.9
11.3
8.1
2.5
5.4
(2)
11.2
4.9
5.7
5.2
3.8
3.1
13.7
17.6
16.4
17.5
14.3
8.6
10.0
7.1
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the
labor force for 27 or more weeks.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are
BLS Reports Ň April 2013‡ www.bls.gov
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Total
not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to
zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table 3. People in the labor force for 27 or more weeks: poverty status by educational attainment, race, Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, and sex, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Educational attainment, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total, 16 years and older .........................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
147,475
13,636
4,469
7,437
1,729
41,178
43,373
28,028
15,345
49,289
78,349
8,454
2,965
4,424
1,065
23,474
21,177
14,133
7,044
25,244
69,127
5,182
1,505
3,013
664
17,705
22,196
13,895
8,300
24,045
10,382
2,738
974
1,469
295
3,800
2,680
1,972
708
1,164
4,855
1,516
597
765
155
1,799
980
725
255
559
5,527
1,222
377
704
140
2,000
1,700
1,246
453
605
7.0
20.1
21.8
19.8
17.0
9.2
6.2
7.0
4.6
2.4
6.2
17.9
20.1
17.3
14.5
7.7
4.6
5.1
3.6
2.2
8.0
23.6
25.1
23.4
21.1
11.3
7.7
9.0
5.5
2.5
White, 16 years and older ........................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
118,070
10,815
3,847
5,739
1,229
32,776
34,491
21,939
12,551
39,987
64,045
6,937
2,604
3,539
794
19,094
17,157
11,260
5,897
20,857
54,025
3,878
1,243
2,200
435
13,682
17,334
10,679
6,654
19,131
7,175
2,034
853
996
185
2,487
1,823
1,338
485
831
3,564
1,213
541
567
105
1,278
655
479
176
419
3,612
821
312
430
80
1,210
1,169
860
309
412
6.1
18.8
22.2
17.4
15.1
7.6
5.3
6.1
3.9
2.1
5.6
17.5
20.8
16.0
13.3
6.7
3.8
4.3
3.0
2.0
6.7
21.2
25.1
19.5
18.3
8.8
6.7
8.1
4.6
2.2
Black or African American, 16 years and
older .....................................................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
17,330
1,727
260
1,143
324
5,637
5,847
4,125
1,723
4,119
7,989
891
152
568
171
2,877
2,558
1,903
655
1,662
9,341
836
108
575
153
2,760
3,289
2,221
1,068
2,456
2,299
507
66
356
85
997
611
476
135
184
838
198
31
134
33
358
221
181
40
61
1,461
309
35
221
52
639
389
295
95
123
13.3
29.3
25.3
31.1
26.3
17.7
10.4
11.5
7.8
4.5
10.5
22.2
20.4
23.6
19.1
12.4
8.7
9.5
6.1
3.7
15.6
37.0
32.4
38.5
34.2
23.2
11.8
13.3
8.9
5.0
Asian, 16 years and older ........................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
7,825
568
231
244
94
1,468
1,523
944
580
4,265
4,125
293
119
126
49
760
777
491
287
2,295
3,700
275
112
118
45
708
746
453
293
1,970
423
78
33
38
7
128
87
54
33
129
224
32
9
18
5
74
44
28
16
73
199
46
24
19
2
54
43
26
17
56
5.4
13.7
14.4
15.5
7.2
8.7
5.7
5.8
5.7
3.0
5.4
11.0
7.8
14.6
4
( )
9.8
5.6
5.7
5.6
3.2
5.4
16.6
21.5
16.4
(4)
7.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
2.8
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and
older ......................................................
Less than a high school diploma ................
Less than 1 year of high school ...............
1–3 years of high school ..........................
4 years of high school, no diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college2 ............
Some college or associate’s degree ...........
Some college, no degree .........................
Associate’s degree ..................................
Bachelor’s degree and higher3 ...................
22,503
6,526
3,384
2,483
658
7,035
5,546
3,890
1,657
3,396
12,936
4,302
2,275
1,571
456
4,226
2,798
2,007
791
1,610
9,566
2,223
1,109
911
203
2,808
2,749
1,883
866
1,786
2,905
1,478
788
565
125
878
411
292
118
138
1,596
889
507
309
73
486
153
109
43
68
1,309
589
281
256
52
391
258
183
75
71
12.9
22.7
23.3
22.8
19.0
12.5
7.4
7.5
7.2
4.1
12.3
20.7
22.3
19.7
16.1
11.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.2
13.7
26.5
25.3
28.1
25.7
13.9
9.4
9.7
8.7
4.0
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor
force for 27 or more weeks.
2 Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes people with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and
doctoral degrees.
4 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
Rate1
Below poverty level
Total
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may
be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
BLS Reports Ň April 2013‡ www.bls.gov
This revised table corrects errors in data by occupation. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-working-poor-data.htm.
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job
held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Rate1
Below poverty level
Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Total, 16 years and older2 .......................................... 143,435
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
76,157
67,279
8,790
4,018
4,773
6.1
5.3
7.1
53,101
25,686
27,415
965
396
569
1.8
1.5
2.1
22,347
30,754
25,579
33,730
15,327
18,403
12,640
13,047
11,203
12,797
7,873
4,924
9,707
17,707
14,376
20,934
7,455
13,479
359
606
3,231
2,146
1,285
861
193
203
1,024
674
411
263
166
403
2,208
1,472
874
598
1.6
2.0
12.6
6.4
8.4
4.7
1.5
1.6
9.1
5.3
5.2
5.3
1.7
2.3
15.4
7.0
11.7
4.4
13,334
1,094
7,556
4,683
12,759
861
7,388
4,510
575
234
168
173
1,171
198
739
235
1,097
160
718
220
74
38
21
15
8.8
18.1
9.8
5.0
8.6
18.5
9.7
4.9
12.9
16.3
12.7
8.6
17,540
8,741
8,799
13,595
6,207
7,387
3,945
2,533
1,412
1,272
566
706
827
307
521
445
259
185
7.3
6.5
8.0
6.1
4.9
7.0
11.3
10.2
13.1
White, 16 years and older2 ......................................... 115,383
62,555
52,829
6,171
3,012
3,159
5.3
4.8
6.0
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
43,666
21,542
22,124
716
336
380
1.6
1.6
1.7
18,834
24,832
18,880
27,205
12,545
14,659
10,952
10,590
8,428
10,390
6,631
3,759
7,882
14,242
10,452
16,815
5,914
10,901
270
446
2,094
1,477
885
592
166
170
700
447
283
164
104
276
1,394
1,030
602
428
1.4
1.8
11.1
5.4
7.1
4.0
1.5
1.6
8.3
4.3
4.3
4.4
1.3
1.9
13.3
6.1
10.2
3.9
11,637
950
6,656
4,030
11,179
757
6,513
3,908
458
194
143
122
1,007
168
639
200
942
133
621
188
64
34
18
12
8.6
17.6
9.6
5.0
8.4
17.6
9.5
4.8
14.0
17.8
12.3
10.1
13,869
6,985
6,883
10,919
5,123
5,796
2,950
1,862
1,087
873
403
471
586
246
341
287
157
130
6.3
5.8
6.8
5.4
4.8
5.9
9.7
8.4
11.9
Black or African American, 16 years and older2 .........
16,377
7,520
8,857
1,840
633
1,207
11.2
8.4
13.6
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
4,722
1,728
2,994
172
24
148
3.6
1.4
4.9
1,775
2,947
4,302
3,920
1,515
2,406
771
957
1,697
1,352
615
736
1,004
1,990
2,604
2,569
900
1,669
53
119
843
454
270
184
11
14
214
147
72
75
42
106
630
307
198
109
3.0
4.0
19.6
11.6
17.8
7.7
1.4
1.4
12.6
10.9
11.7
10.2
4.2
5.3
24.2
11.9
22.0
6.5
1,019
67
582
370
952
42
567
343
67
25
15
27
84
8
50
26
75
6
46
23
8
2
4
3
8.2
(3)
8.6
7.0
7.9
(3)
8.2
6.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2,396
1,020
1,376
1,776
639
1,138
620
381
238
287
104
183
173
33
140
114
71
43
12.0
10.2
13.3
9.7
5.2
12.3
18.4
18.7
18.0
See footnotes at end of table.
9
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job
held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2011 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Rate1
Below poverty level
Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Asian, 16 years and older2 .........................................
7,631
4,011
3,620
372
183
189
4.9
4.6
5.2
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
3,532
1,922
1,610
48
27
21
1.3
1.4
1.3
1,237
2,295
1,422
1,628
809
819
676
1,246
614
713
419
293
561
1,050
809
915
389
526
18
30
162
88
61
27
10
17
57
47
36
11
8
13
105
41
25
16
1.4
1.3
11.4
5.4
7.6
3.3
1.5
1.3
9.3
6.6
8.6
3.8
1.4
1.2
13.0
4.5
6.5
3.0
286
31
118
136
258
20
113
124
29
11
5
12
27
5
14
8
25
3
14
8
2
2
9.4
(3)
12.1
5.9
9.8
(3)
12.6
6.5
758
502
257
502
286
216
257
216
41
48
31
16
27
13
15
20
18
2
6.3
6.2
6.4
5.5
4.4
6.9
7.8
8.6
(3)
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and older2 .......
21,799
12,561
9,237
2,595
1,434
1,161
11.9
11.4
12.6
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
4,174
1,907
2,267
133
53
80
3.2
2.8
3.5
1,804
2,370
5,812
4,662
2,030
2,632
965
942
2,860
1,800
935
864
839
1,428
2,952
2,862
1,094
1,768
62
71
943
474
270
205
33
20
381
151
84
67
29
51
562
323
185
138
3.5
3.0
16.2
10.2
13.3
7.8
3.4
2.1
13.3
8.4
9.0
7.7
3.5
3.6
19.0
11.3
16.9
7.8
3,439
496
2,194
748
3,259
382
2,150
726
180
114
44
22
576
121
377
78
539
93
370
76
36
28
7
1
16.7
24.4
17.2
10.4
16.6
24.3
17.2
10.5
20.3
24.4
(3)
(3)
3,687
1,880
1,806
2,717
1,229
1,487
970
651
319
466
199
266
310
107
203
156
93
64
12.6
10.6
14.7
11.4
8.7
13.6
16.1
14.2
19.9
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor
force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year.
2 Includes the long-term unemployed with no previous work experience
and a small number of people whose last job was in the Armed Forces.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
–
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may
be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
10
A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table 5. Primary families: poverty status, presence of related children, and work experience of family members
in the labor force for 27 or more weeks, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Total families
At or above
poverty level
Total primary families ................................................
66,225
60,756
5,469
8.3
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
34,925
31,300
30,358
30,399
4,567
902
13.1
2.9
With one member in the labor force ..................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
With two members ..........................................................
With three or more members ..........................................
28,759
37,466
31,471
5,995
24,292
36,465
30,587
5,878
4,467
1,001
884
117
15.5
2.7
2.8
2.0
Married-couple families .............................................
48,837
46,559
2,279
4.7
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
24,153
24,684
22,360
24,199
1,793
486
7.4
2.0
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Husband ..........................................................................
Wife .................................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
With two members ..........................................................
With three or more members ..........................................
16,930
12,061
4,215
654
31,908
27,085
4,823
15,317
10,831
3,884
603
31,242
26,492
4,750
1,613
1,231
331
51
666
594
72
9.5
10.2
7.9
7.8
2.1
2.2
1.5
Families maintained by women .................................
12,322
9,707
2,615
21.2
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
8,122
4,200
5,789
3,918
2,333
282
28.7
6.7
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Householder ....................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
8,656
7,108
1,547
3,666
6,303
5,066
1,237
3,404
2,353
2,042
310
263
27.2
28.7
20.1
7.2
Families maintained by men .....................................
5,065
4,491
575
11.3
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
2,649
2,416
2,208
2,283
441
134
16.7
5.5
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Householder ....................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
3,174
2,585
589
1,892
2,672
2,176
496
1,819
502
409
93
73
15.8
15.8
15.8
3.9
Characteristic
Below poverty
level
Rate1
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
NOTE: Data relate to primary families with at least one member in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
BLS Reports Ň April 2013‡ www.bls.gov
11
A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table 6. People in families and unrelated individuals: poverty status and work experience, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
In married-couple families
Poverty status and work experience
Total
people
In families maintained by
men
Householder
Related
children
under
18
years
Unrelated
individuals
Other
relatives
Householder
Related
children
under
18
years
5,568
1,225
726
500
4,342
20,661
12,888
2,556
10,333
7,772
15,646
11,060
771
10,289
4,586
2,317
389
219
170
1,928
13,469
8,164
1,003
7,161
5,305
5,861
4,427
160
4,267
1,433
598
115
64
51
484
6,049
3,952
405
3,548
2,097
55,248
35,977
2,246
33,731
19,271
55,274
35,833
2,414
33,419
19,440
5,116
1,185
714
471
3,931
19,390
12,447
2,426
10,021
6,942
10,758
8,372
342
8,030
2,386
1,511
312
169
143
1,199
10,940
7,209
771
6,439
3,731
4,918
3,905
111
3,794
1,013
495
106
56
49
389
5,413
3,688
343
3,345
1,725
42,568
31,231
1,121
30,110
11,337
3,600
1,997
143
1,854
1,603
3,650
1,106
225
880
2,545
452
40
12
29
411
1,271
441
130
311
830
4,888
2,688
429
2,260
2,200
806
77
50
27
729
2,529
955
232
723
1,574
942
522
50
473
420
103
9
7
–
94
636
264
62
202
372
12,680
4,746
1,126
3,621
7,934
6.2
4.5
10.0
4.3
11.7
6.2
3.0
8.5
2.6
11.6
8.1
3.3
1.6
5.7
9.5
6.2
3.4
5.1
3.0
10.7
31.2
24.3
55.6
22.0
48.0
Husbands
Wives
58,262
44,556
1,430
43,126
13,706
58,924
36,939
2,639
34,300
21,985
54,662
42,559
1,287
41,272
12,103
31,558
12,847
2,465
10,382
18,712
13.0
8.0
20.2
7.0
22.6
Related
children
under
18
years
In families maintained by
women
Other
relatives
Other
relatives
Total
All people1 .................................. 242,602
With labor force activity .................. 159,693
1 to 26 weeks ............................... 12,218
27 or more weeks ........................ 147,475
With no labor force activity ............. 82,909
At or above poverty level
All people1 .................................. 211,044
With labor force activity .................. 146,847
1 to 26 weeks ...............................
9,753
27 or more weeks ........................ 137,094
With no labor force activity ............. 64,198
Below poverty level
All people1 ..................................
With labor force activity ..................
1 to 26 weeks ...............................
27 or more weeks ........................
With no labor force activity .............
Rate2
All people1 ..................................
With labor force activity ..................
1 to 26 weeks ...............................
27 or more weeks ........................
With no labor force activity .............
34.8
19.8
22.8
15.9
37.8
18.8
11.7
23.2
10.1
29.7
16.1
11.8
30.9
11.1
29.3
17.3
7.8
(3)
(3)
19.5
10.5
6.7
15.3
5.7
17.7
23.0
13.2
50.1
10.7
41.2
1 Data on families include primary families that own or rent the housing unit as well as related and unrelated subfamilies that reside with them.
2 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: Dash represents or rounds to zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
12
BLS Reports Ň April 2013‡ www.bls.gov
A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table 7. Unrelated individuals in the labor force for 27 or more weeks: poverty status by age, sex, race, Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity, and living arrangement, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
At or above
poverty level
Total unrelated individuals ............................................................................
16 to 19 years ...................................................................................................
20 to 24 years ...................................................................................................
25 to 64 years ...................................................................................................
65 years and older ............................................................................................
33,731
319
3,902
27,421
2,089
30,110
191
3,079
24,818
2,023
3,621
128
824
2,602
66
10.7
40.3
21.1
9.5
3.2
Men ...................................................................................................................
Women .............................................................................................................
18,656
15,075
16,864
13,246
1,793
1,828
9.6
12.1
White ...............................................................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
26,905
15,111
11,794
24,227
13,786
10,441
2,678
1,325
1,352
10.0
8.8
11.5
Black or African American ...............................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
4,504
2,334
2,170
3,848
2,001
1,847
656
333
323
14.6
14.3
14.9
Asian ................................................................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
1,203
620
583
1,099
578
521
104
42
62
8.6
6.7
10.6
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................................
Men ................................................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................................................
4,336
2,807
1,529
3,691
2,445
1,247
645
362
282
14.9
12.9
18.5
17,772
15,959
16,339
13,771
1,433
2,188
8.1
13.7
Characteristic
Below poverty
level
Rate1
Age and sex
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Living arrangement
Living alone ......................................................................................................
Living with others ..............................................................................................
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the
labor force for 27 or more weeks.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are
BLS Reports Ň April 2013‡ www.bls.gov
not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
13
A P R O F I L E O F T H E W O R K I N G P O O R , 2 0 11
Table 8. People in the labor force for 27 or more weeks: poverty status and labor market problems of full-time wage
and salary workers, 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
At or above
poverty level
Total, full-time wage and salary workers .....................................................
110,512
106,142
4,369
4.0
No unemployment, involuntary part-time employment, or low earnings2 .........
89,085
88,389
695
.8
Unemployment only ..........................................................................................
Involuntary part-time employment only .............................................................
Low earnings only .............................................................................................
6,821
2,806
7,376
6,192
2,741
5,719
629
65
1,657
9.2
2.3
22.5
Unemployment and involuntary part-time employment ....................................
Unemployment and low earnings .....................................................................
Involuntary part-time employment and low earnings ........................................
1,213
1,817
849
1,109
1,098
606
104
719
244
8.6
39.6
28.7
Unemployment, involuntary part-time employment, and low earnings .............
545
289
256
46.9
Unemployment (alone or with other problems) .................................................
Involuntary part-time employment (alone or with other problems) ...................
Low earnings (alone or with other problems) ...................................................
10,396
5,413
10,587
8,688
4,745
7,711
1,708
668
2,876
16.4
12.3
27.2
Labor market problems
Below poverty
level
Rate1
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
2 The low-earnings threshold in 2011 was $331.07 per week.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
14
BLS Reports Ň April 2013‡ www.bls.gov
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