Geographic Profile of Employment
and Unemployment, 1998
U.S. Department of Labor
Alexis M. Herman, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner
November 1999
Bulletin 2524
Preface
A
mated undercount, are not generally available for geographic
areas below the State level. The CPS metropolitan area
and city estimates may differ from the official estimates
produced by the individual States through the LAUS program. CPS estimates are provided herein because they are
the only current source of information on demographic and
economic characteristics for these areas. Official 1998 annual average LAUS estimates for metropolitan areas appeared
in the May 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings. Official LAUS estimates for metropolitan areas and cities were
published in the report, Supplement to Unemployment in
States and Local Areas, 1998 and on the BLS website. Geographic definitions for metropolitan areas in this publication
reflect those issued by the Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) on June 30, 1993. (See appendix C.)
Some rates and ratios in this pubication were calculated
on rounded data, but all unemployment rates were calculated
on unrounded data.
This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employment
and Unemployment Statistics by the Division of Local Area
Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with Division of
Data Development and Publications. Editorial assistance was
provided by the Data Users and Publication Services Group.
Information in this bulletin is available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. This material is in the
public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.
nnual data on the labor force, employment, and unemployment in States and sub-State areas are available from
two major sources—the Current Population Survey (CPS) and
the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program.
The CPS is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS). The LAUS program is a Federal-State cooperative endeavor, in which State employment security agencies prepare estimates using concepts, definitions, and estimation procedures prescribed by BLS.
This bulletin presents 1998 annual averages from the CPS
for census regions and divisions, the 50 States and the District of Columbia, 50 large metropolitan areas, and 17 central
cities. Data are provided on the employed and unemployed
by selected demographic and economic characteristics.
Tables 1-11 present 1998 annual average labor force estimates for census regions and divisions. Similar information
for all States and the District of Columbia appears in tables
12-22. All these data incorporate updated 1990 census-based
population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount.
The LAUS program uses the total CPS estimates for States
and the District of Columbia as the official annual average
labor force statistics.
Tables 23-27 display 1998 annual average rates, ratios,
and percent distributions from the CPS for 50 large metropolitan areas and 17 central cities. Levels for the various
labor force categories are not presented because independent
1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the esti-
iii
Contents
Page
Geographic profile of employment and unemployment, 1998 ........................................................................................
1
Section I. Estimates for Census regions and divisions ....................................................................................................
3
Tables:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Census regions and divisions, 1998 annual averages:
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ..........
Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ..........
Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by occupation .....................................................
Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin ..............................
Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and salary
workers by industry .......................................................................................................................................
Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex,
race, and Hispanic origin ..............................................................................................................................
Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ..................................................................................
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status ............
Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at work ............
Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for
unemployment ...............................................................................................................................................
Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of
unemployment ...............................................................................................................................................
5
10
13
17
22
25
30
32
34
36
38
Section II: Estimates for States ........................................................................................................................................ 41
Charts:
1. Unemployment rates by State, 1998 annual averages ..................................................................................... 43
2. Employment-population ratios by State, 1998 annual averages ..................................................................... 43
Tables:
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
States, 1998 annual averages:
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ..........
Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ..........
Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by occupation .....................................................
Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation ..............................
Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by industry .........................................................
Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry ...................................
Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ..................................................................................
Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status ............
Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason ................................................................................
Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for
unemployment ..............................................................................................................................................
22. Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of
unemployment ..............................................................................................................................................
v
44
58
65
69
75
79
85
91
96
97
100
Contents—Continued
Page
Section III. Estimates for metropolitan areas and cities .................................................................................................. 103
Tables: Metropolitan areas and cities, 1998 annual averages:
23. Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex,
age, race, and Hispanic origin ......................................................................................................................
24. Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation ..............................
25. Unemployment rates by occupation ................................................................................................................
26. Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic
origin ............................................................................................................................................................
27. Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry ........................................................................
104
116
124
126
134
Appendixes:
A. Concepts and definitions for data derived from the Current Population Survey ........................................................ 136
B. Sampling and estimation procedures and sampling error tables ................................................................................. 138
C. Geographic boundary definitions ................................................................................................................................ 152
vi
Geographic Profile of Employment
and Unemployment, 1998
T
he Current Population Survey (CPS) is the regular
monthly survey of about 50,000 households from which
the national unemployment rate is derived. (See appendix A
for concepts and definitions used in the CPS and appendix B
for a description of the estimation procedure.)
Determination of which annual average estimates of the
labor force by demographic characteristics (age, sex, race,
and Hispanic origin) and economic characteristics of the
employed and unemployed are published in this bulletin is
explained in appendix B. Table B-1 lists the minimum bases
required for publication for various geographic areas.
Estimates for census regions and divisions are shown in
section I; data for States are shown in section II, and limited
data for metropolitan areas and cities are shown in section
III. Estimates of levels are not provided in section III be-
cause population controls needed to make estimates of levels
comparable to those in the other sections of this publication
are not available.
Because the estimates are based on a survey rather than on
a complete census of the population, they are subject to sampling error. Consequently, error ranges have been calculated,
in the form of 90-percent confidence intervals, and displayed
for the unemployment rates in the first table of sections I, II,
and III. In addition, appendix B provides tables from which
the sampling error ranges can be obtained for the data in other
tables in sections I and II. Separate error tables are not provided for each population group (i.e., total, white, black, or
Hispanic). Instead, one table is used for all population groups
for a given labor force characteristic, because differences in
sampling errors are usually minimal.
1
Section l. Estimates for Census Regions
and Divisions
3
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
205,220
98,758
106,462
15,644
137,673
73,959
63,714
8,256
67.1
74.9
59.8
52.8
131,463
70,693
60,771
7,051
64.1
71.6
57.1
45.1
6,210
3,266
2,944
1,205
4.5
4.4
4.6
14.6
4.4
4.3
4.5
14.1
-
4.6
4.5
4.7
15.1
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
171,478
83,352
88,126
12,439
115,415
63,034
52,380
6,965
67.3
75.6
59.4
56.0
110,931
60,604
50,327
6,089
64.7
72.7
57.1
49.0
4,484
2,431
2,053
876
3.9
3.9
3.9
12.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
12.1
-
4.0
4.0
4.0
13.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
24,373
10,927
13,446
2,443
15,982
7,542
8,441
1,017
65.6
69.0
62.8
41.6
14,556
6,871
7,685
736
59.7
62.9
57.2
30.1
1,426
671
756
281
8.9
8.9
9.0
27.6
8.6
8.5
8.6
26.1
-
9.2
9.3
9.4
29.1
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
21,070
10,734
10,335
2,204
14,317
8,571
5,746
1,007
67.9
79.8
55.6
45.7
13,291
8,018
5,273
793
63.1
74.7
51.0
36.0
1,026
552
473
214
7.2
6.4
8.2
21.3
6.9
6.1
7.8
19.8
-
7.5
6.7
8.6
22.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
39,941
18,954
20,987
2,840
26,076
13,847
12,229
1,365
65.3
73.1
58.3
48.1
24,861
13,194
11,668
1,170
62.2
69.6
55.6
41.2
1,215
654
561
195
4.7
4.7
4.6
14.3
4.6
4.5
4.4
13.3
-
4.8
4.9
4.8
15.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
33,933
16,216
17,716
2,289
22,276
11,961
10,314
1,161
65.6
73.8
58.2
50.7
21,389
11,470
9,919
1,019
63.0
70.7
56.0
44.5
887
491
396
141
4.0
4.1
3.8
12.2
3.9
3.9
3.6
11.2
-
4.1
4.3
4.0
13.2
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
4,536
2,004
2,532
443
2,822
1,316
1,506
171
62.2
65.7
59.5
38.6
2,532
1,176
1,356
122
55.8
58.7
53.6
27.5
290
140
150
49
10.3
10.7
9.9
28.5
9.7
9.8
9.1
25.6
-
10.9
11.6
10.7
31.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,386
1,609
1,777
331
2,125
1,187
938
120
62.8
73.8
52.8
36.3
1,955
1,101
854
93
57.7
68.4
48.1
28.1
170
87
84
26
8.0
7.3
8.9
22.1
7.4
6.5
7.9
18.4
-
8.6
8.1
9.9
25.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
10,382
5,031
5,351
686
7,114
3,752
3,363
390
68.5
74.6
62.8
56.9
6,865
3,608
3,257
347
66.1
71.7
60.9
50.6
250
144
106
43
3.5
3.8
3.1
11.0
3.3
3.5
2.8
9.5
-
3.7
4.1
3.4
12.5
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
9,637
4,676
4,961
617
6,614
3,495
3,118
360
68.6
74.7
62.9
58.3
6,396
3,369
3,027
323
66.4
72.0
61.0
52.4
218
126
91
36
3.3
3.6
2.9
10.1
3.1
3.3
2.6
8.6
-
3.5
3.9
3.2
11.6
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
545
251
294
367
177
190
67.3
70.5
64.6
339
163
176
62.2
64.9
59.9
28
14
14
7.6
8.1
7.2
6.2
6.1
5.3
-
9.0
10.1
9.1
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
469
221
248
320
164
156
68.2
74.2
62.9
301
153
148
64.2
69.2
59.7
19
12
8
6.1
7.2
4.9
4.7
5.1
3.1
-
7.5
9.3
6.7
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
UNITED STATES2
Northeast Region
New England Division
See footnotes at end of table.
5
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
29,559
13,923
15,636
2,154
18,962
10,096
8,866
975
64.1
72.5
56.7
45.3
17,997
9,586
8,411
823
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
24,296
11,540
12,755
1,673
15,662
8,466
7,196
801
64.5
73.4
56.4
47.9
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,991
1,754
2,238
385
2,455
1,139
1,316
146
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,917
1,388
1,529
270
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
Area and population group
Unemployment
Error range of
rate1
Number
Rate
60.9
68.9
53.8
38.2
965
510
455
152
5.1
5.0
5.1
15.6
4.9
4.8
4.8
14.4
-
5.3
5.2
5.4
16.8
14,993
8,101
6,892
696
61.7
70.2
54.0
41.6
669
365
304
105
4.3
4.3
4.2
13.1
4.1
4.0
3.9
11.8
-
4.5
4.6
4.5
14.4
61.5
64.9
58.8
37.9
2,193
1,013
1,180
103
54.9
57.8
52.7
26.8
262
126
136
43
10.7
11.1
10.3
29.2
10.0
10.1
9.4
26.1
-
11.4
12.1
11.2
32.3
1,805
1,023
782
93
61.9
73.7
51.1
34.4
1,654
948
706
73
56.7
68.3
46.2
27.0
151
75
76
20
8.4
7.3
9.7
21.0
7.7
6.4
8.6
16.9
-
9.1
8.2
10.8
25.1
47,629
22,983
24,646
3,747
33,152
17,656
15,496
2,321
69.6
76.8
62.9
61.9
31,912
16,985
14,927
2,054
67.0
73.9
60.6
54.8
1,240
671
569
267
3.7
3.8
3.7
11.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
10.8
-
3.8
4.0
3.9
12.2
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
42,207
20,515
21,691
3,186
29,615
15,955
13,660
2,068
70.2
77.8
63.0
64.9
28,656
15,420
13,236
1,859
67.9
75.2
61.0
58.3
959
536
424
209
3.2
3.4
3.1
10.1
3.1
3.2
2.9
9.3
-
3.3
3.6
3.3
10.9
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
4,297
1,917
2,380
449
2,738
1,259
1,479
202
63.7
65.7
62.1
45.0
2,492
1,144
1,348
149
58.0
59.7
56.6
33.2
247
116
131
53
9.0
9.2
8.9
26.1
8.4
8.3
8.1
23.3
-
9.6
10.1
9.7
28.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,561
885
676
163
1,139
749
390
84
73.0
84.6
57.7
51.5
1,075
707
368
69
68.9
79.9
54.4
42.3
65
42
22
15
5.7
5.6
5.8
18.3
4.9
4.6
4.4
13.7
-
6.5
6.6
7.2
22.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
33,553
16,127
17,426
2,587
22,971
12,248
10,723
1,546
68.5
75.9
61.5
59.8
22,063
11,756
10,307
1,355
65.8
72.9
59.1
52.4
908
492
416
191
4.0
4.0
3.9
12.3
3.8
3.8
3.7
11.4
-
4.2
4.2
4.1
13.2
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
29,150
14,135
15,015
2,149
20,147
10,902
9,245
1,350
69.1
77.1
61.6
62.8
19,462
10,519
8,943
1,205
66.8
74.4
59.6
56.1
685
383
302
145
3.4
3.5
3.3
10.7
3.2
3.3
3.1
9.7
-
3.6
3.7
3.5
11.7
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,624
1,600
2,024
370
2,276
1,030
1,246
167
62.8
64.4
61.6
45.1
2,074
934
1,140
124
57.2
58.4
56.3
33.5
202
96
106
43
8.9
9.3
8.5
25.6
8.2
8.2
7.6
22.5
-
9.6
10.4
9.4
28.7
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,250
701
549
134
908
591
317
65
72.6
84.3
57.7
48.5
855
556
299
51
68.4
79.3
54.5
38.1
53
35
18
14
5.8
5.9
5.8
21.0
4.9
4.8
4.2
15.7
-
6.7
7.0
7.4
26.3
Middle Atlantic Division
Midwest Region
East North Central Division
See footnotes at end of table.
6
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
14,076
6,856
7,220
1,160
10,181
5,408
4,773
775
72.3
78.9
66.1
66.8
9,849
5,229
4,620
699
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
13,057
6,380
6,677
1,038
9,469
5,054
4,415
718
72.5
79.2
66.1
69.2
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
673
318
356
463
230
233
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
311
184
127
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
Area and population group
Unemployment
Error range of
rate1
Number
Rate
70.0
76.3
64.0
60.3
332
179
153
76
3.3
3.3
3.2
9.8
3.1
3.0
2.9
8.6
-
3.5
3.6
3.5
11.0
9,194
4,901
4,293
654
70.4
76.8
64.3
63.0
275
153
122
64
2.9
3.0
2.8
8.9
2.7
2.7
2.5
7.7
-
3.1
3.3
3.1
10.1
68.8
72.3
65.4
418
209
208
62.1
65.7
58.4
45
20
25
9.7
8.8
10.7
8.1
6.7
8.3
-
11.3
10.9
13.1
231
158
73
74.3
85.9
57.5
220
150
69
70.7
81.5
54.3
11
7
4
5.0
4.7
5.5
3.4
2.8
2.6
-
6.6
6.6
8.4
72,524
34,625
37,899
5,505
47,834
25,595
22,239
2,763
66.0
73.9
58.7
50.2
45,722
24,552
21,170
2,325
63.0
70.9
55.9
42.2
2,113
1,044
1,069
438
4.4
4.1
4.8
15.9
4.3
3.9
4.6
15.2
-
4.5
4.3
5.0
16.6
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
57,323
27,771
29,552
4,008
37,606
20,658
16,949
2,136
65.6
74.4
57.4
53.3
36,299
19,987
16,312
1,866
63.3
72.0
55.2
46.6
1,308
671
637
270
3.5
3.2
3.8
12.6
3.4
3.0
3.6
11.8
-
3.6
3.4
4.0
13.4
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
13,395
5,983
7,412
1,368
8,973
4,245
4,728
576
67.0
71.0
63.8
42.1
8,223
3,896
4,326
417
61.4
65.1
58.4
30.5
751
349
402
159
8.4
8.2
8.5
27.7
8.1
7.7
8.0
26.6
-
8.7
8.7
9.0
28.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
7,061
3,531
3,530
705
4,800
2,837
1,962
346
68.0
80.3
55.6
49.1
4,513
2,699
1,814
280
63.9
76.4
51.4
39.7
287
138
148
66
6.0
4.9
7.6
19.0
5.6
4.4
6.8
16.9
-
6.4
5.4
8.4
21.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
37,530
17,820
19,710
2,605
24,706
13,082
11,624
1,320
65.8
73.4
59.0
50.7
23,702
12,585
11,117
1,144
63.2
70.6
56.4
43.9
1,004
497
507
176
4.1
3.8
4.4
13.3
3.9
3.6
4.2
12.3
-
4.3
4.0
4.6
14.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
28,914
13,959
14,955
1,822
18,786
10,239
8,547
987
65.0
73.4
57.2
54.2
18,207
9,946
8,261
892
63.0
71.3
55.2
49.0
578
293
286
95
3.1
2.9
3.3
9.7
2.9
2.7
3.1
8.6
-
3.3
3.1
3.5
10.8
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
7,698
3,426
4,273
727
5,283
2,496
2,788
308
68.6
72.9
65.2
42.4
4,884
2,305
2,580
232
63.4
67.3
60.4
31.9
399
191
208
76
7.6
7.7
7.5
24.6
7.2
7.1
6.9
22.8
-
8.0
8.3
8.1
26.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,507
1,260
1,247
185
1,729
1,015
714
94
69.0
80.6
57.3
50.8
1,636
971
665
83
65.3
77.1
53.3
44.9
93
44
48
11
5.4
4.3
6.8
11.5
4.8
3.6
5.7
7.9
-
6.0
5.0
7.9
15.1
West North Central Division
South Region
South Atlantic Division
See footnotes at end of table.
7
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
12,647
5,996
6,651
980
8,105
4,303
3,802
494
64.1
71.8
57.2
50.4
7,741
4,127
3,614
418
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
10,104
4,857
5,247
703
6,476
3,535
2,941
384
64.1
72.8
56.1
54.6
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,437
1,096
1,341
269
1,550
730
820
106
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
108
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
Area and population group
Unemployment
Error range of
rate1
Number
Rate
61.2
68.8
54.3
42.7
364
176
187
76
4.5
4.1
4.9
15.4
4.2
3.7
4.5
13.7
-
4.8
4.5
5.3
17.1
6,244
3,415
2,829
336
61.8
70.3
53.9
47.8
232
120
112
49
3.6
3.4
3.8
12.6
3.3
3.0
3.4
10.8
-
3.9
3.8
4.2
14.4
63.6
66.6
61.1
39.4
1,420
675
745
79
58.3
61.6
55.6
29.4
130
56
74
27
8.4
7.7
9.1
25.4
7.6
6.5
8.0
23.5
-
9.2
8.9
10.2
27.3
74
68.5
69
63.9
6
7.7
4.1
-
11.3
22,347
10,809
11,538
1,920
15,024
8,210
6,814
948
67.2
76.0
59.1
49.4
14,279
7,840
6,439
763
63.9
72.5
55.8
39.7
745
370
375
186
5.0
4.5
5.5
19.6
4.8
4.2
5.1
18.3
-
5.2
4.8
5.9
20.9
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
18,305
8,956
9,350
1,483
12,345
6,884
5,462
765
67.4
76.9
58.4
51.6
11,847
6,625
5,222
639
64.7
74.0
55.9
43.1
498
258
239
126
4.0
3.8
4.4
16.4
3.8
3.5
4.0
15.0
-
4.2
4.1
4.8
17.8
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,260
1,462
1,798
372
2,140
1,019
1,121
161
65.6
69.7
62.3
43.3
1,918
917
1,001
105
58.8
62.7
55.7
28.2
221
102
120
56
10.3
10.0
10.7
34.9
9.6
8.9
9.7
(3)
-
11.0
11.1
11.7
(3)
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
4,446
2,218
2,228
512
2,997
1,776
1,220
249
67.4
80.1
54.8
48.6
2,808
1,685
1,123
195
63.2
76.0
50.4
38.1
188
91
97
54
6.3
5.1
7.9
21.8
5.7
4.4
6.9
19.7
-
6.9
5.8
8.9
23.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
45,345
22,301
23,045
3,567
30,755
16,937
13,818
1,815
67.8
75.9
60.0
50.9
29,105
16,035
13,070
1,508
64.2
71.9
56.7
42.3
1,650
902
748
307
5.4
5.3
5.4
16.9
5.2
5.1
5.1
15.8
-
5.6
5.5
5.7
18.0
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
38,188
18,932
19,256
2,967
26,031
14,522
11,509
1,606
68.2
76.7
59.8
54.1
24,697
13,786
10,910
1,349
64.7
72.8
56.7
45.5
1,335
736
599
257
5.1
5.1
5.2
16.0
4.9
4.9
4.9
14.9
-
5.3
5.3
5.5
17.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,173
1,035
1,139
186
1,466
729
737
69
67.5
70.4
64.7
37.1
1,325
662
663
49
61.0
64.0
58.2
26.3
141
67
74
20
9.6
9.2
10.0
29.5
8.6
7.8
8.6
23.2
-
10.6
10.6
11.4
35.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
9,111
4,733
4,378
1,010
6,285
3,816
2,469
459
69.0
80.6
56.4
45.4
5,778
3,530
2,249
352
63.4
74.6
51.4
34.9
507
287
220
107
8.1
7.5
8.9
23.3
7.6
6.9
8.2
21.0
-
8.6
8.1
9.6
25.6
East South Central Division
West South Central Division
West Region
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
12,598
6,170
6,428
1,068
8,710
4,735
3,976
617
69.1
76.7
61.9
57.8
8,328
4,533
3,795
525
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
11,656
5,732
5,924
969
8,083
4,418
3,665
576
69.3
77.1
61.9
59.4
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
332
162
170
230
120
110
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,165
1,124
1,041
248
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
Area and population group
Unemployment
Error range of
rate1
Number
Rate
66.1
73.5
59.0
49.2
383
202
181
91
4.4
4.3
4.6
14.8
4.2
4.0
4.3
13.6
-
4.6
4.6
4.9
16.0
7,738
4,237
3,502
492
66.4
73.9
59.1
50.8
345
181
163
83
4.3
4.1
4.5
14.5
4.1
3.8
4.2
13.3
-
4.5
4.4
4.8
15.7
69.3
74.1
64.7
214
112
102
64.5
69.1
60.0
16
8
8
6.8
6.6
7.1
5.3
4.5
4.8
-
8.3
8.7
9.4
1,477
885
592
115
68.2
78.7
56.9
46.4
1,373
827
546
88
63.4
73.6
52.4
35.5
104
58
46
26
7.1
6.6
7.8
22.9
6.3
5.6
6.5
20.5
-
7.9
7.6
9.1
25.3
32,747
16,131
16,616
2,498
22,045
12,203
9,842
1,198
67.3
75.6
59.2
48.0
20,777
11,502
9,275
983
63.4
71.3
55.8
39.4
1,267
700
567
215
5.7
5.7
5.8
18.0
5.5
5.4
5.5
16.6
-
5.9
6.0
6.1
19.4
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
26,532
13,200
13,332
1,997
17,948
10,104
7,844
1,030
67.6
76.5
58.8
51.6
16,958
9,550
7,408
857
63.9
72.3
55.6
42.9
990
554
436
173
5.5
5.5
5.6
16.8
5.3
5.2
5.2
15.3
-
5.7
5.8
6.0
18.3
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,841
873
969
148
1,236
609
627
54
67.1
69.8
64.7
36.5
1,111
550
561
37
60.3
63.0
57.9
25.0
125
59
66
16
10.1
9.7
10.6
30.5
9.0
8.1
9.0
23.0
-
11.2
11.3
12.2
38.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
6,946
3,609
3,337
762
4,808
2,931
1,877
345
69.2
81.2
56.2
45.3
4,406
2,703
1,703
264
63.4
74.9
51.0
34.6
402
229
174
81
8.4
7.8
9.3
23.4
7.9
7.1
8.4
20.5
-
8.9
8.5
10.2
26.3
Mountain Division
Pacific Division
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which
means that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an
error range constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the
true value based on a complete census of the population would be contained
within these error ranges.
2 Because of separate processing and weighting procedures, totals for the
United States differ from the results obtained by aggregating the totals for
regions and States.
3 Error ranges cannot be properly computed when the number of sample
cases is very small and/or the unemployment rate is low.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute
to displayed percentages because of rounding.
Detail for race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and
black population groups. Sub-national data on marital status are not available.
Data in tables 1-22 incorporate updated 1990 census-based population
controls.
9
Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages
(In thousands)
Employed1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Population group and area
Total
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34 hours
NonEconomic
economic
reasons
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for Part time for
economic noneconomreasons
ic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for
full-time
work
Looking for
part-time
work
TOTAL
Northeast ......................................
New England ...............................
Middle Atlantic .............................
20,186
5,480
14,707
17,054
4,568
12,486
169
47
122
2,130
633
1,497
834
232
602
4,675
1,385
3,290
528
126
402
3,848
1,170
2,678
298
89
209
953
195
758
262
54
207
Midwest ........................................
East North Central .......................
West North Central ......................
25,801
17,897
7,904
21,913
15,254
6,658
284
190
95
2,630
1,740
890
974
713
261
6,110
4,166
1,945
491
351
140
5,225
3,539
1,686
394
275
119
960
703
257
280
205
75
South ............................................
South Atlantic ..............................
East South Central ......................
West South Central .....................
38,779
20,164
6,519
12,097
33,114
17,284
5,504
10,325
502
239
88
175
3,777
1,923
674
1,180
1,386
718
252
416
6,942
3,538
1,223
2,182
744
366
129
249
5,729
2,929
1,011
1,789
470
243
83
144
1,710
814
299
598
402
190
65
148
West .............................................
Mountain ......................................
Pacific ..........................................
23,548
6,756
16,792
19,897
5,740
14,157
368
91
277
2,411
698
1,713
872
227
645
5,557
1,572
3,985
737
156
581
4,457
1,312
3,145
363
104
259
1,299
285
1,014
351
98
253
Northeast ......................................
New England ...............................
Middle Atlantic .............................
11,809
3,212
8,597
10,271
2,770
7,501
103
28
75
1,027
297
729
409
117
291
1,385
396
989
219
56
164
1,092
318
775
73
23
50
541
121
420
113
23
90
Midwest ........................................
East North Central .......................
West North Central ......................
15,076
10,496
4,580
13,163
9,194
3,969
167
111
55
1,274
839
435
473
352
121
1,909
1,259
649
210
146
64
1,594
1,042
552
104
71
33
555
410
145
116
82
34
South ............................................
South Atlantic ..............................
East South Central ......................
West South Central .....................
22,234
11,403
3,723
7,108
19,482
10,018
3,236
6,228
295
142
50
103
1,812
916
319
578
645
327
118
200
2,318
1,182
404
732
302
147
51
104
1,882
962
333
586
135
72
20
42
865
414
146
305
178
83
30
65
West .............................................
Mountain ......................................
Pacific ..........................................
14,134
4,022
10,112
12,222
3,505
8,717
234
51
183
1,230
350
880
448
116
332
1,901
511
1,390
333
66
267
1,464
415
1,049
104
30
74
749
159
589
153
42
111
Northeast ......................................
New England ...............................
Middle Atlantic .............................
8,377
2,267
6,110
6,783
1,798
4,985
66
19
47
1,103
335
768
425
115
311
3,290
989
2,301
309
71
238
2,756
852
1,904
225
66
159
412
75
338
149
31
118
Midwest ........................................
East North Central .......................
West North Central ......................
10,725
7,401
3,324
8,750
6,061
2,690
117
78
39
1,357
901
455
501
361
140
4,202
2,906
1,295
281
205
76
3,631
2,497
1,133
290
204
86
405
293
112
165
123
41
South ............................................
South Atlantic ..............................
East South Central ......................
West South Central .....................
16,545
8,761
2,796
4,988
13,632
7,266
2,268
4,098
207
96
39
72
1,965
1,008
355
602
741
391
134
216
4,625
2,356
818
1,450
442
219
78
145
3,847
1,966
678
1,203
335
171
62
102
845
399
153
293
224
107
35
82
West .............................................
Mountain ......................................
Pacific ..........................................
9,414
2,734
6,680
7,675
2,235
5,440
134
40
94
1,181
348
833
424
111
313
3,656
1,061
2,595
404
90
313
2,993
897
2,097
259
74
185
551
126
425
197
55
142
Men
Women
See footnotes at end of table.
10
Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Population group and area
Total
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34 hours
NonEconomic
economic
reasons
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for Part time for
economic noneconomreasons
ic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for
full-time
work
Looking for
part-time
work
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Northeast ......................................
New England ...............................
Middle Atlantic .............................
320
86
234
265
70
195
7
2
5
36
12
24
11
2
9
851
261
590
51
16
34
763
235
529
36
10
26
83
(3)
64
112
(3)
88
Midwest ........................................
East North Central .......................
West North Central ......................
627
405
221
510
333
177
18
12
6
82
49
33
17
12
5
1,427
949
478
65
43
22
1,301
864
437
61
42
19
123
86
37
143
105
38
South ............................................
South Atlantic ..............................
East South Central ......................
West South Central .....................
845
407
153
286
699
342
127
231
28
13
4
11
97
41
20
36
21
11
3
7
1,479
737
265
477
99
52
18
30
1,313
650
236
427
67
35
11
21
231
85
44
102
207
91
32
84
West .............................................
Mountain ......................................
Pacific ..........................................
530
196
334
441
160
281
17
6
11
59
25
34
12
5
7
977
329
649
85
23
62
859
293
565
34
13
21
146
44
102
160
47
113
Northeast ......................................
New England ...............................
Middle Atlantic .............................
17,234
5,087
12,147
14,518
4,240
10,278
150
44
106
1,842
589
1,253
724
214
510
4,155
1,309
2,846
401
110
292
3,480
1,116
2,365
273
84
189
676
168
508
211
50
161
Midwest ........................................
East North Central .......................
West North Central ......................
23,097
15,727
7,371
19,615
13,406
6,209
250
163
87
2,359
1,530
830
873
628
245
5,558
3,735
1,823
401
279
122
4,796
3,208
1,588
362
249
113
729
520
208
231
165
66
South ............................................
South Atlantic ..............................
East South Central ......................
West South Central .....................
30,643
15,389
5,245
10,009
26,200
13,213
4,444
8,543
382
172
68
142
2,967
1,449
534
985
1,094
556
199
339
5,656
2,818
999
1,839
501
235
84
182
4,760
2,382
843
1,535
395
201
72
122
1,038
455
188
395
270
124
43
103
West .............................................
Mountain ......................................
Pacific ..........................................
19,874
6,262
13,613
16,776
5,313
11,463
323
85
237
2,032
651
1,382
744
212
531
4,822
1,477
3,346
617
142
476
3,883
1,236
2,647
322
99
223
1,041
256
785
293
89
205
Northeast ......................................
New England ...............................
Middle Atlantic .............................
2,138
283
1,856
1,811
232
1,578
15
3
13
227
34
192
86
13
73
394
56
337
109
13
96
266
41
226
19
2
16
247
(3)
223
43
(3)
39
Midwest ........................................
East North Central .......................
West North Central ......................
2,071
1,727
344
1,748
1,458
290
28
23
5
215
176
39
79
70
9
421
347
74
78
65
13
318
261
57
25
21
4
203
165
(3)
43
37
(3)
South ............................................
South Atlantic ..............................
East South Central ......................
West South Central .....................
7,104
4,248
1,208
1,648
5,995
3,605
1,005
1,386
109
62
19
28
732
432
134
166
268
149
51
68
1,119
637
212
270
228
122
44
62
829
480
157
192
62
35
10
16
627
339
109
179
123
60
21
42
West .............................................
Mountain ......................................
Pacific ..........................................
1,130
181
949
946
158
787
12
1
11
128
17
112
44
5
39
195
33
162
33
5
28
153
27
125
10
2
8
120
(3)
109
21
(3)
16
White
Black
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Population group and area
Total
35
hours
or
more
1 to 34 hours
NonEconomic
economic
reasons
reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for Part time for
economic noneconomreasons
ic reasons
Looking for
full-time
work
Not
at
work
Looking for
part-time
work
Hispanic origin
Northeast ......................................
New England ...............................
Middle Atlantic .............................
1,673
248
1,425
1,444
212
1,233
19
2
17
157
25
131
54
9
45
282
53
229
65
14
51
202
37
165
15
2
13
146
(3)
130
25
(3)
21
Midwest ........................................
East North Central .......................
West North Central ......................
942
754
188
818
657
161
13
11
3
80
62
18
30
24
6
132
101
31
23
16
7
103
80
23
7
6
1
53
(3)
3
( )
11
(3)
3
( )
South ............................................
South Atlantic ..............................
East South Central ......................
West South Central .....................
3,882
1,423
60
2,398
3,339
1,236
52
2,051
73
22
1
50
344
122
5
218
126
44
3
80
631
213
8
410
107
38
1
68
491
164
7
321
33
11
1
22
West .............................................
Mountain ......................................
Pacific ..........................................
4,832
1,163
3,668
4,136
994
3,142
113
22
90
434
114
320
149
33
116
947
209
738
252
43
210
653
155
498
41
11
30
1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on
their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are
at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work are classified
according to their usual status.
2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
237
82
(3)
50
10
(3)
149
39
411
83
329
95
22
74
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample
in that area. See appendix B.
NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
population groups.
12
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Northeast
Employment status and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
Mountain
Pacific
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
7,970
3,800
4,171
372
337
243
648
971
2,299
1,098
1,202
140
110
62
183
254
5,671
2,702
2,969
232
227
181
465
717
9,159
4,516
4,643
485
397
253
751
1,140
6,302
3,137
3,165
378
278
189
523
736
2,857 13,363
1,379 6,577
1,478 6,786
107
695
120
590
2
( )
362
228
975
403 1,845
7,225
3,589
3,635
362
369
186
503
933
2,083
1,036
1,047
110
(2)
67
187
327
4,056
1,952
2,103
224
176
110
285
586
9,212
4,525
4,687
535
446
235
565
1,110
2,550
1,253
1,297
150
117
60
163
308
6,661
3,272
3,389
385
329
175
402
801
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
7,812
820
340
223
3,137
907
2,046
212
78
68
834
233
5,765
608
262
155
2,302
673
9,487
1,025
458
281
3,879
1,110
6,532
688
315
185
2,663
751
2,955 13,961
337 1,548
142
649
96
470
1,215 5,840
358 1,735
7,266
823
339
238
3,068
907
2,340
259
120
78
985
308
4,354
466
190
154
1,787
520
8,856
969
321
316
3,758
1,069
2,561
280
89
107
1,101
309
6,295
688
232
209
2,657
760
566
156
410
627
430
197
940
554
124
262
622
193
429
306
1,340
3,855
83
842
409
216
83
358
1,001
(2)
190
121
52
223
983
2,855
58
652
288
165
404
1,711
4,583
102
901
566
239
287
1,177
3,180
76
621
388
164
117
534
1,403
(2)
280
178
76
531
2,601
6,573
138
1,312
811
323
289
1,301
3,376
72
656
399
178
84
460
1,096
(2)
220
145
(2)
157
840
2,101
(2)
437
267
100
380
1,662
4,130
66
671
490
234
99
492
1,180
(2)
201
151
57
281
1,170
2,950
(2)
471
339
177
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
3,838
172
568
3,098
1,222
657
639
579
971
(2)
122
811
328
172
161
150
2,868
135
446
2,287
894
486
478
430
4,407
152
468
3,787
1,622
615
783
766
3,090
108
350
2,632
1,136
431
553
512
1,317
(2)
118
1,155
486
184
230
254
6,504
312
927
5,265
2,207
860
1,196
1,001
3,338
157
485
2,695
1,113
411
647
525
1,025
(2)
136
851
362
152
165
172
2,141
117
305
1,720
733
298
384
305
4,326
286
544
3,496
1,556
489
733
718
1,273
48
161
1,064
481
131
219
233
3,053
238
382
2,433
1,075
358
515
485
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
2,595
847
992
789
238
305
1,806
610
687
3,680
1,172
1,342
2,581
804
922
1,100
368
420
5,538
1,837
2,291
2,810
966
1,190
987
299
421
1,741
572
680
3,241
1,084
1,312
999
324
434
2,243
761
878
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
3,350
1,404
971
804
872
405
226
186
2,479
999
745
618
5,348
2,485
1,432
1,058
3,929
1,879
1,013
755
1,419
606
419
303
7,037
2,942
2,111
1,541
3,438
1,456
1,015
754
1,417
669
390
266
2,181
816
705
521
3,842
1,461
1,132
861
1,008
325
328
248
2,834
1,136
805
613
975
164
241
(2)
734
125
1,431
202
1,037
140
394
(2)
1,985
325
967
171
358
(2)
660
105
1,248
267
355
90
893
176
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
403
96
119
(2)
284
72
986
490
473
178
513
312
1,226
395
541
118
216
87
469
190
1,134
210
294
87
839
124
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
7,818
3,728
4,090
366
332
241
640
952
2,262
1,079
1,183
137
107
61
179
251
5,556
2,649
2,906
229
224
180
461
701
9,024
4,445
4,579
478
393
251
742
1,124
6,205
3,084
3,121
373
274
187
516
725
2,819 13,135
1,361 6,467
1,458 6,668
105
685
118
584
2
( )
359
227
963
398 1,810
7,106
3,532
3,574
356
366
185
497
912
2,055
1,021
1,034
108
(2)
66
186
322
3,974
1,914
2,061
221
173
108
280
576
9,004
4,435
4,569
524
440
233
556
1,082
2,496
1,229
1,267
148
115
60
161
301
6,508
3,206
3,302
376
325
173
395
781
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
7,487
802
332
218
1,988
208
77
67
5,499
594
255
151
9,203
1,012
451
278
6,330
680
312
183
2,873 13,431
332 1,515
139
637
95
460
7,013
806
333
234
2,251
254
118
76
4,167
456
186
149
8,443
935
315
301
2,462
274
87
105
5,981
661
227
196
EMPLOYED
See footnotes at end of table.
13
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Northeast
Employment status and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
Mountain
Pacific
EMPLOYED–Continued
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
2,998
888
808
230
2,191
658
3,727
1,092
2,555
736
1,172
355
5,580
1,704
2,940
889
942
304
1,698
512
3,562
1,040
1,054
302
2,508
738
551
154
397
607
417
189
913
536
122
255
602
187
416
297
1,247
3,686
80
808
397
207
82
338
972
(2)
185
119
50
215
909
2,715
56
624
278
157
398
1,605
4,464
100
882
554
235
283
1,102
3,095
74
607
378
160
115
504
1,369
(2)
275
176
75
521
2,412
6,335
133
1,270
788
315
283
1,216
3,267
69
638
390
175
83
425
1,055
(2)
211
140
(2)
155
770
2,012
(2)
420
258
96
371
1,527
3,946
64
644
477
228
99
459
1,134
(2)
194
148
56
272
1,068
2,812
(2)
450
328
172
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
3,595
157
547
2,891
1,131
619
596
545
925
(2)
119
770
307
167
152
144
2,671
121
429
2,121
824
452
443
402
4,162
141
453
3,568
1,506
590
730
742
2,911
99
339
2,473
1,053
413
513
494
1,251
(2)
114
1,095
453
177
217
247
6,077
286
899
4,892
2,017
812
1,115
948
3,133
144
471
2,518
1,027
390
602
499
949
(2)
130
785
326
144
152
163
1,995
108
297
1,589
664
279
361
286
4,022
264
522
3,236
1,423
461
676
676
1,190
42
156
992
441
125
204
222
2,832
222
366
2,244
981
336
472
454
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
2,473
821
926
763
232
291
1,710
589
635
3,548
1,144
1,273
2,484
782
871
1,064
362
402
5,330
1,785
2,177
2,716
944
1,135
945
287
400
1,669
555
642
3,073
1,040
1,222
961
315
410
2,112
725
812
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
3,117
1,322
914
760
817
384
212
175
2,300
938
702
584
5,033
2,361
1,371
1,017
3,690
1,784
968
724
1,343
577
403
293
6,591
2,771
2,016
1,481
3,225
1,376
967
723
1,336
634
377
259
2,030
760
672
498
3,530
1,343
1,066
816
944
304
313
238
2,586
1,038
753
577
881
133
220
(2)
661
102
1,301
172
937
118
363
(2)
1,804
287
882
153
325
(2)
597
94
1,121
230
326
82
795
148
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
372
96
111
(2)
261
72
941
489
442
178
499
311
1,158
394
508
118
206
87
444
189
1,034
209
275
86
759
123
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
153
72
81
6
5
2
8
19
37
19
18
3
2
1
4
3
115
53
62
3
3
1
5
16
134
71
64
7
5
2
9
16
97
53
44
5
3
2
8
11
38
17
20
3
2
2
( )
1
5
228
110
118
10
6
3
13
35
119
57
62
6
3
1
6
21
28
15
13
1
2
( )
1
1
4
82
39
43
3
3
2
5
10
208
90
118
11
6
2
9
28
54
24
30
2
2
1
2
7
154
66
88
9
4
2
7
20
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
325
18
8
5
138
19
59
4
1
1
27
4
266
14
7
4
112
15
284
13
7
3
152
18
202
8
4
2
108
15
82
5
3
1
43
3
530
32
12
10
260
31
253
17
5
4
128
17
89
5
2
2
43
5
188
10
4
4
89
9
414
33
7
15
196
29
99
6
2
3
47
6
314
27
5
13
149
22
15
2
13
20
13
8
28
18
3
7
20
6
14
9
94
169
3
34
11
9
1
19
29
(2)
6
2
2
8
74
140
2
28
9
7
6
106
119
3
19
12
5
5
75
85
2
14
10
3
2
31
34
(2)
5
2
1
10
189
238
5
42
23
8
7
85
108
2
18
9
4
1
35
41
(2)
8
5
2
( )
3
70
89
(2)
16
9
4
10
135
184
2
27
13
6
1
33
46
(2)
7
3
1
9
102
138
(2)
21
10
5
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
243
15
46
(2)
197
14
245
12
179
9
66
(2)
427
25
204
13
76
(2)
146
9
304
22
82
5
221
16
UNEMPLOYED
See footnotes at end of table.
14
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Northeast
Employment status and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
Mountain
Pacific
UNEMPLOYED–Continued
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
20
207
91
38
44
34
3
41
21
5
9
6
17
166
69
34
35
28
15
218
116
25
53
24
10
159
83
18
41
18
4
60
33
7
13
7
28
373
190
48
82
53
14
177
85
20
45
26
6
66
36
9
13
9
7
130
69
19
24
18
22
260
133
28
58
41
6
71
40
5
15
11
16
189
94
23
42
30
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
122
27
66
26
6
14
96
21
51
132
28
69
97
22
51
35
6
18
208
51
114
94
22
55
43
12
22
72
17
37
168
44
90
38
9
24
130
35
66
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
233
82
57
44
55
21
14
10
178
62
43
34
315
124
61
41
239
95
45
31
76
29
16
10
446
171
95
61
213
80
49
31
81
35
13
7
152
56
33
23
312
118
67
45
64
20
15
9
248
98
52
35
94
31
21
(2)
73
23
130
30
99
22
31
(2)
180
39
85
18
33
(2)
62
12
127
37
29
8
98
29
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
31
(3)
9
23
(3)
45
1
31
(3)
14
1
68
2
33
1
10
(3)
25
(3)
100
1
20
1
80
1
(2)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.5
.7
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.5
2.3
2.0
1.0
1.9
1.0
2.0
2.0
2.1
1.2
1.2
.6
1.1
2.3
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.4
2.3
1.3
(2)
.6
1.2
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.0
.7
1.3
1.9
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
.8
.3
1.2
2.2
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.3
2
( )
.9
.7
1.3
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.8
1.7
2.3
2.0
2.5
2.0
1.4
1.0
1.6
2.5
2.1
1.9
2.3
1.5
2.0
1.4
1.2
2.4
2.3
2.0
2.6
2.3
1.1
.9
1.7
2.5
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
4.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
4.4
2.1
2.9
1.7
1.4
1.9
3.2
1.6
4.6
2.3
2.6
2.6
4.9
2.3
3.0
1.2
1.5
1.2
3.9
1.6
3.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
4.1
2.0
2.8
1.4
2.2
1.0
3.6
.8
3.8
2.1
1.8
2.2
4.4
1.8
3.5
2.1
1.6
1.6
4.2
1.9
3.8
2.0
1.8
2.7
4.4
1.5
4.3
2.2
2.2
2.7
5.0
1.7
4.7
3.4
2.1
4.9
5.2
2.7
3.9
2.2
1.9
2.7
4.3
2.1
5.0
3.9
2.2
6.0
5.6
2.9
2.7
1.2
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.8
2.9
3.2
2.1
2.9
3.2
3.2
3.2
2.9
7.0
4.4
3.4
4.0
2.8
4.1
1.5
5.4
2.9
2
( )
2.9
1.8
3.1
3.5
7.6
4.9
3.6
4.4
3.2
4.4
1.6
6.2
2.6
2.7
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.7
6.4
2.7
2.7
2.2
2.6
2.0
1.4
5.7
2.4
2
( )
1.8
1.0
1.8
1.9
7.3
3.6
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.5
2.4
6.5
3.2
3.4
2.7
2.2
2.2
.9
7.6
3.7
(2)
3.8
3.1
2
( )
1.6
8.3
4.2
2
( )
3.7
3.5
3.5
2.6
8.1
4.5
3.6
4.1
2.7
2.6
.6
6.7
3.9
(2)
3.3
1.8
2.6
3.3
8.7
4.7
2
( )
4.4
3.1
2.7
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
6.3
8.9
3.6
6.7
7.4
5.8
6.8
5.9
4.7
(2)
2.6
5.0
6.5
2.8
5.5
4.0
6.9
10.2
3.9
7.2
7.8
6.9
7.3
6.5
5.6
7.6
3.2
5.8
7.1
4.1
6.8
3.2
5.8
8.7
3.0
6.0
7.3
4.1
7.4
3.4
5.0
(2)
3.6
5.2
6.8
4.0
5.5
2.7
6.6
8.1
3.0
7.1
8.6
5.6
6.8
5.3
6.1
8.2
3.0
6.6
7.7
5.0
7.0
4.9
7.4
(2)
4.6
7.8
9.9
5.6
7.9
5.1
6.8
7.5
2.4
7.6
9.4
6.4
6.2
6.0
7.0
7.6
4.1
7.4
8.6
5.7
7.8
5.7
6.5
11.0
3.7
6.7
8.3
3.9
7.0
4.7
7.2
6.9
4.2
7.8
8.7
6.3
8.2
6.2
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
4.7
3.1
6.6
3.3
2.5
4.7
5.3
3.4
7.5
3.6
2.4
5.1
3.8
2.7
5.6
3.2
1.7
4.2
3.8
2.8
5.0
3.3
2.3
4.6
4.3
4.0
5.1
4.1
3.0
5.5
5.2
4.0
6.8
3.8
2.7
5.5
5.8
4.6
7.5
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
7.0
5.9
5.8
5.5
6.3
5.1
6.0
5.6
7.2
6.2
5.8
5.5
5.9
5.0
4.3
3.9
6.1
5.0
4.5
4.1
5.3
4.8
3.8
3.4
6.3
5.8
4.5
3.9
6.2
5.5
4.8
4.1
5.7
5.2
3.4
2.6
6.9
6.9
4.7
4.4
8.1
8.1
5.9
5.2
6.3
6.2
4.5
3.8
8.8
8.6
6.5
5.8
See footnotes at end of table.
15
Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Northeast
Employment status and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
Mountain
Pacific
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE–Continued
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
9.6
18.8
8.6
(2)
10.0
18.5
9.1
15.1
9.6
16.0
7.9
(2)
9.1
11.8
8.8
10.5
9.2
(2)
9.5
11.3
10.2
13.7
8.1
8.9
11.0
16.2
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
7.8
.3
7.2
(2)
8.0
(3)
4.6
.2
6.5
.1
2.8
.2
5.5
.4
6.1
.7
4.6
.6
5.3
.2
8.8
.6
6.7
.6
9.6
.6
1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience.
2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
3 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other occupations not
shown separately. Items may not compute to displayed rates because of
rounding.
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in
that area. See appendix B.
16
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages
Northeast
Population group and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
7,741 14,279 29,105
100.0 100.0 100.0
8,328 20,777
100.0 100.0
TOTAL
Total (in thousands) ................................................ 24,861
Percent ................................................................ 100.0
6,865
100.0
17,997 31,912 22,063
100.0 100.0 100.0
9,849 45,722 23,702
100.0 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
31.4
15.0
16.5
1.5
1.3
1.0
2.6
3.8
32.9
15.7
17.2
2.0
1.6
.9
2.6
3.7
30.9
14.7
16.1
1.3
1.2
1.0
2.6
3.9
28.3
13.9
14.3
1.5
1.2
.8
2.3
3.5
28.1
14.0
14.1
1.7
1.2
.8
2.3
3.3
28.6
13.8
14.8
1.1
1.2
.6
2.3
4.0
28.7
14.1
14.6
1.5
1.3
.8
2.1
4.0
30.0
14.9
15.1
1.5
1.5
.8
2.1
3.8
26.5
13.2
13.4
1.4
.6
.9
2.4
4.2
27.8
13.4
14.4
1.5
1.2
.8
2.0
4.0
30.9
15.2
15.7
1.8
1.5
.8
1.9
3.7
30.0
14.8
15.2
1.8
1.4
.7
1.9
3.6
31.3
15.4
15.9
1.8
1.6
.8
1.9
3.8
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
30.1
3.2
1.3
.9
12.1
3.6
29.0
3.0
1.1
1.0
11.8
3.4
30.6
3.3
1.4
.8
12.2
3.7
28.8
3.2
1.4
.9
11.7
3.4
28.7
3.1
1.4
.8
11.6
3.3
29.2
3.4
1.4
1.0
11.9
3.6
29.4
3.3
1.4
1.0
12.2
3.7
29.6
3.4
1.4
1.0
12.4
3.8
29.1
3.3
1.5
1.0
12.2
3.9
29.2
3.2
1.3
1.0
11.9
3.6
29.0
3.2
1.1
1.0
12.2
3.6
29.6
3.3
1.0
1.3
12.7
3.6
28.8
3.2
1.1
.9
12.1
3.6
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.3
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.2
5.0
14.8
.3
3.3
1.6
.8
1.2
4.9
14.2
.3
2.7
1.7
.7
1.2
5.1
15.1
.3
3.5
1.5
.9
1.2
5.0
14.0
.3
2.8
1.7
.7
1.3
5.0
14.0
.3
2.8
1.7
.7
1.2
5.1
13.9
.3
2.8
1.8
.8
1.1
5.3
13.9
.3
2.8
1.7
.7
1.2
5.1
13.8
.3
2.7
1.6
.7
1.1
5.5
13.6
.3
2.7
1.8
.6
1.1
5.4
14.1
.3
2.9
1.8
.7
1.3
5.2
13.6
.2
2.2
1.6
.8
1.2
5.5
13.6
.2
2.3
1.8
.7
1.3
5.1
13.5
.2
2.2
1.6
.8
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
14.5
.6
2.2
11.6
4.5
2.5
2.4
2.2
13.5
.5
1.7
11.2
4.5
2.4
2.2
2.1
14.8
.7
2.4
11.8
4.6
2.5
2.5
2.2
13.0
.4
1.4
11.2
4.7
1.8
2.3
2.3
13.2
.4
1.5
11.2
4.8
1.9
2.3
2.2
12.7
.4
1.2
11.1
4.6
1.8
2.2
2.5
13.3
.6
2.0
10.7
4.4
1.8
2.4
2.1
13.2
.6
2.0
10.6
4.3
1.6
2.5
2.1
12.3
.4
1.7
10.1
4.2
1.9
2.0
2.1
14.0
.8
2.1
11.1
4.7
2.0
2.5
2.0
13.8
.9
1.8
11.1
4.9
1.6
2.3
2.3
14.3
.5
1.9
11.9
5.3
1.5
2.4
2.7
13.6
1.1
1.8
10.8
4.7
1.6
2.3
2.2
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
9.9
3.3
3.7
11.1
3.4
4.2
9.5
3.3
3.5
11.1
3.6
4.0
11.3
3.5
3.9
10.8
3.7
4.1
11.7
3.9
4.8
11.5
4.0
4.8
12.2
3.7
5.2
11.7
3.9
4.5
10.6
3.6
4.2
11.5
3.8
4.9
10.2
3.5
3.9
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
12.5
5.3
3.7
3.1
11.9
5.6
3.1
2.5
12.8
5.2
3.9
3.2
15.8
7.4
4.3
3.2
16.7
8.1
4.4
3.3
13.6
5.9
4.1
3.0
14.4
6.1
4.4
3.2
13.6
5.8
4.1
3.1
17.3
8.2
4.9
3.3
14.2
5.3
4.7
3.5
12.1
4.6
3.7
2.8
11.3
3.7
3.8
2.9
12.4
5.0
3.6
2.8
3.5
.5
3.2
.5
3.7
.6
4.1
.5
4.2
.5
3.7
.5
3.9
.6
3.7
.6
4.2
.5
4.2
.7
3.9
.8
3.9
1.0
3.8
.7
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
1.5
.4
1.6
.3
1.5
.4
2.9
1.5
2.0
.8
5.1
3.2
2.5
.9
2.1
.5
2.7
1.1
3.1
1.3
3.6
.7
3.3
1.0
3.7
.6
Total (in thousands) ................................................ 13,194
Percent ................................................................ 100.0
3,608
100.0
5,229 24,552 12,585
100.0 100.0 100.0
4,127
100.0
Men
9,586 16,985 11,756
100.0 100.0 100.0
7,840 16,035
100.0 100.0
4,533 11,502
100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
30.5
16.3
14.2
2.5
1.8
1.3
.6
1.8
32.0
16.5
15.5
3.3
2.1
1.3
.5
1.7
29.9
16.2
13.7
2.1
1.7
1.4
.7
1.9
26.5
14.3
12.2
2.5
1.6
1.1
.5
1.7
26.8
14.5
12.2
2.8
1.6
1.2
.6
1.5
25.8
13.7
12.0
1.8
1.5
.9
.5
2.0
27.1
14.6
12.4
2.5
1.7
1.1
.7
1.6
28.5
15.5
13.0
2.6
2.0
1.1
.5
1.5
25.0
14.2
10.8
2.4
.8
1.3
.8
1.6
25.8
13.4
12.5
2.5
1.6
1.0
.8
1.7
29.5
15.2
14.3
2.8
2.0
1.0
.6
1.9
28.8
14.7
14.1
3.0
1.9
.9
.6
2.1
29.8
15.4
14.4
2.8
2.1
1.1
.6
1.9
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
20.7
2.8
19.8
2.8
21.0
2.9
18.7
2.6
18.3
2.4
19.7
3.0
19.2
2.8
19.5
2.8
18.3
2.7
19.2
3.0
19.9
2.9
19.5
3.0
20.0
2.9
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
Men–Continued
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
.5
1.3
11.5
4.1
.4
1.3
10.8
3.3
.5
1.2
11.8
4.4
.4
1.2
10.8
3.9
.4
1.1
10.5
3.7
.4
1.3
11.5
4.2
.5
1.4
11.1
4.1
.5
1.3
11.6
4.2
.5
1.3
10.7
4.1
.5
1.6
10.6
4.0
.5
1.3
11.2
3.9
.5
1.7
11.4
4.0
.5
1.2
11.1
3.8
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.4
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.4
2.1
1.7
3.3
6.3
.3
.2
.3
1.1
1.8
3.2
6.2
.3
.1
.2
.9
1.6
3.3
6.3
.3
.2
.3
1.1
1.8
3.1
5.4
.3
.1
.2
.8
1.8
3.0
5.4
.3
.1
.2
.7
1.7
3.5
5.2
.3
.1
.3
.9
1.6
3.3
5.2
.2
.1
.2
.8
1.6
3.4
5.1
.2
.1
.2
.8
1.6
3.3
4.9
.2
.1
.2
.6
1.5
3.3
5.6
.3
.1
.3
.8
1.6
3.5
5.7
.2
.1
.2
.9
1.6
3.4
5.0
.2
.2
.3
.8
1.7
3.5
6.0
.2
.1
.2
.9
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
11.7
.1
3.5
8.2
4.0
.5
2.8
.8
10.3
.1
2.8
7.5
3.7
.4
2.7
.7
12.2
.1
3.7
8.5
4.2
.5
2.9
.9
9.0
(1)
2.2
6.8
3.4
.3
2.5
.6
9.2
(1)
2.4
6.8
3.4
.3
2.5
.6
8.6
.1
1.8
6.8
3.3
.4
2.4
.6
9.8
.1
3.0
6.8
3.4
.4
2.3
.7
10.2
.1
3.0
7.2
3.6
.3
2.4
.8
8.6
(1)
2.6
5.9
2.8
.5
1.8
.8
9.9
.1
3.1
6.7
3.5
.4
2.4
.5
10.8
.1
2.7
8.1
4.4
.4
2.3
.9
11.1
.1
2.8
8.2
4.4
.3
2.4
1.1
10.7
.1
2.6
8.0
4.4
.5
2.3
.9
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
17.2
6.0
6.9
19.0
6.2
7.9
16.5
5.9
6.5
19.0
6.5
7.3
19.3
6.4
7.2
18.4
6.6
7.5
20.0
7.0
8.7
19.8
7.2
8.9
20.8
6.8
9.5
19.7
6.7
8.0
17.6
6.2
7.5
19.5
6.7
8.8
16.9
6.0
6.9
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
17.8
6.1
6.2
5.1
16.4
6.3
5.3
4.4
18.3
6.0
6.6
5.4
22.3
9.3
7.3
5.3
23.4
10.1
7.4
5.5
19.8
7.4
6.9
4.9
20.1
6.8
7.4
5.3
18.8
6.3
6.8
5.0
23.2
8.9
8.3
5.6
20.7
6.5
7.8
5.7
16.9
5.2
6.0
4.5
16.2
4.2
6.1
4.5
17.2
5.6
5.9
4.5
5.5
1.0
4.8
.9
5.7
1.0
5.7
1.0
5.8
1.0
5.5
1.0
5.9
1.1
5.7
1.2
6.1
.9
6.3
1.1
5.7
1.4
5.9
1.7
5.6
1.2
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
2.2
.5
2.5
.5
2.1
.5
4.5
2.3
3.1
1.2
7.7
4.8
3.8
1.2
3.2
.7
4.1
1.6
4.7
1.8
5.3
1.0
5.0
1.4
5.4
.8
Total (in thousands) ................................................ 11,668
Percent ................................................................ 100.0
3,257
100.0
4,620 21,170 11,117
100.0 100.0 100.0
3,614
100.0
6,439 13,070
100.0 100.0
3,795
100.0
9,275
100.0
Women
8,411 14,927 10,307
100.0 100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
32.5
13.5
19.0
.4
.8
.5
4.8
6.1
34.0
14.8
19.2
.5
1.0
.5
4.9
5.8
32.0
13.1
18.9
.3
.7
.6
4.7
6.2
30.3
13.5
16.8
.3
.8
.4
4.4
5.6
29.7
13.3
16.3
.4
.8
.4
4.4
5.3
31.9
13.9
17.9
.3
.8
.3
4.4
6.4
30.7
13.6
17.1
.3
.8
.4
3.8
6.7
31.7
14.2
17.5
.3
1.0
.4
3.8
6.5
28.4
12.1
16.3
.2
.4
.4
4.3
7.1
30.3
13.4
16.8
.4
.7
.4
3.4
6.9
32.7
15.3
17.4
.5
.9
.5
3.5
5.9
31.4
14.9
16.5
.4
.8
.5
3.5
5.5
33.2
15.5
17.7
.6
.9
.6
3.5
6.0
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
40.8
3.7
2.3
.4
12.7
3.0
39.1
3.3
1.9
.6
12.8
3.4
41.4
3.8
2.5
.4
12.6
2.8
40.3
3.8
2.6
.5
12.7
2.9
40.5
3.9
2.6
.5
12.9
2.9
39.9
3.8
2.5
.6
12.3
2.9
41.2
3.9
2.5
.5
13.4
3.3
41.0
4.1
2.5
.6
13.3
3.3
41.4
4.0
2.7
.6
13.8
3.7
41.3
3.5
2.3
.4
13.4
3.1
40.2
3.6
1.8
.7
13.5
3.2
41.6
3.6
1.7
.8
14.1
3.1
39.7
3.5
1.9
.6
13.2
3.2
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.1
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.1
1.9
.6
7.0
24.5
.4
6.7
3.1
.6
6.8
23.0
.4
5.6
3.4
.7
7.0
25.0
.4
7.2
3.0
.7
7.2
23.8
.3
5.8
3.4
.7
7.3
23.8
.4
5.8
3.4
.5
6.9
23.7
.2
5.8
3.5
.6
7.5
23.8
.4
5.9
3.5
.7
7.1
23.6
.4
5.6
3.3
.4
8.1
23.6
.4
5.7
3.6
.6
8.0
24.4
.3
6.4
3.7
.8
7.4
23.2
.3
4.8
3.3
.7
8.0
23.9
.3
4.9
3.6
.9
7.1
22.9
.2
4.7
3.3
See footnotes at end of table.
18
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
Women–Continued
Mail and message distributing ............................
.5
.5
.6
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
.6
.5
.7
.5
.7
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
17.6
1.3
.8
15.5
5.1
4.7
1.9
3.7
16.9
1.0
.6
15.4
5.3
4.7
1.7
3.7
17.8
1.4
.9
15.6
5.1
4.8
2.0
3.8
17.6
.9
.5
16.2
6.2
3.6
2.1
4.3
17.7
.9
.6
16.3
6.3
3.7
2.2
4.1
17.3
.8
.4
16.1
6.1
3.4
1.9
4.7
17.3
1.3
.8
15.2
5.6
3.4
2.6
3.6
16.6
1.2
.9
14.6
5.2
3.1
2.7
3.5
16.5
.9
.6
15.0
5.8
3.4
2.1
3.6
18.9
1.6
.8
16.5
6.1
3.9
2.7
3.8
17.5
1.9
.7
14.9
5.5
3.0
2.3
4.0
18.1
1.1
.7
16.3
6.4
2.9
2.5
4.5
17.2
2.3
.7
14.3
5.2
3.0
2.2
3.8
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
1.8
.2
.1
2.4
.3
.2
1.6
.2
.1
2.1
.3
.2
2.1
.3
.2
2.2
.3
.2
2.0
.3
.2
2.0
.4
.2
2.3
.2
.2
1.9
.4
.2
1.9
.3
.2
2.0
.3
.3
1.9
.3
.2
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
6.6
4.5
.8
.7
6.9
4.9
.6
.6
6.5
4.3
.9
.8
8.4
5.2
.9
.7
9.1
5.8
.9
.7
6.7
4.1
1.0
.8
7.8
5.2
1.0
.8
7.8
5.3
1.0
.8
10.5
7.4
1.0
.7
6.4
3.9
.9
.8
6.2
3.9
.8
.8
5.5
3.0
1.0
.9
6.5
4.2
.8
.7
1.3
(1)
1.4
(1)
1.3
(1)
2.2
(1)
2.4
(1)
1.6
(1)
1.6
.1
1.5
.1
2.1
.1
1.6
.1
1.6
.1
1.5
.1
1.6
.1
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
.7
.2
.7
.2
.7
.2
1.2
.7
.8
.3
2.1
1.4
1.0
.5
.9
.3
1.0
.5
1.2
.8
1.5
.4
1.3
.6
1.5
.3
Total (in thousands) ................................................ 21,389
Percent ................................................................ 100.0
6,396
100.0
White
14,993 28,656 19,462
100.0 100.0 100.0
9,194 36,299 18,207
100.0 100.0 100.0
6,244 11,847 24,697
100.0 100.0 100.0
7,738 16,958
100.0 100.0
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
32.4
15.7
16.7
1.5
1.3
1.0
2.5
4.0
33.7
16.2
17.4
2.0
1.5
.9
2.6
3.7
31.8
15.5
16.4
1.3
1.2
1.0
2.4
4.2
28.7
14.4
14.4
1.5
1.2
.7
2.3
3.6
28.7
14.5
14.1
1.7
1.2
.8
2.3
3.4
28.8
14.0
14.8
1.1
1.2
.6
2.4
4.1
31.0
15.5
15.5
1.7
1.3
.9
2.2
4.1
32.9
16.6
16.3
1.7
1.6
.9
2.3
4.0
29.1
14.7
14.5
1.5
.6
.9
2.7
4.4
29.0
14.3
14.8
1.6
1.1
.8
1.9
4.1
31.2
15.5
15.7
1.7
1.4
.8
1.8
3.9
30.6
15.0
15.5
1.8
1.4
.7
2.0
3.7
31.4
15.6
15.8
1.7
1.5
.8
1.8
4.0
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
30.1
3.1
1.3
.9
12.3
3.8
29.0
3.0
1.1
1.0
11.9
3.5
30.6
3.2
1.3
.9
12.5
3.9
28.8
3.1
1.4
.9
11.9
3.6
28.6
3.0
1.4
.8
11.8
3.5
29.2
3.4
1.4
1.0
12.1
3.8
29.8
3.3
1.3
1.0
12.7
4.0
30.1
3.5
1.4
1.0
13.2
4.1
29.9
3.3
1.5
1.0
12.9
4.4
29.1
3.2
1.2
1.1
11.9
3.7
28.5
3.2
1.1
1.0
12.4
3.6
29.6
3.3
1.0
1.3
12.7
3.7
28.0
3.1
1.1
.9
12.2
3.5
2.3
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.6
1.7
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.1
1.3
4.9
14.6
.3
3.3
1.7
.8
1.2
4.9
14.1
.3
2.7
1.8
.7
1.4
4.9
14.8
.3
3.6
1.7
.8
1.4
4.9
13.8
.3
2.8
1.8
.6
1.4
4.9
13.8
.3
2.8
1.8
.6
1.3
5.0
13.8
.3
2.9
1.8
.7
1.3
5.1
13.7
.3
2.9
1.9
.6
1.4
5.0
13.5
.3
2.8
1.8
.6
1.3
5.4
13.7
.3
3.0
2.0
.5
1.2
5.0
14.1
.3
3.1
2.0
.6
1.4
5.2
12.9
.2
2.2
1.6
.6
1.2
5.4
13.5
.2
2.4
1.8
.6
1.4
5.1
12.7
.2
2.1
1.5
.6
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
13.2
.6
2.1
10.5
4.5
1.8
2.1
2.1
12.9
.5
1.7
10.7
4.4
2.1
2.1
2.1
13.3
.6
2.2
10.4
4.5
1.7
2.2
2.1
12.3
.4
1.3
10.5
4.6
1.6
2.0
2.3
12.3
.5
1.4
10.4
4.7
1.5
2.0
2.1
12.3
.4
1.1
10.8
4.5
1.7
2.1
2.5
11.5
.6
1.8
9.1
4.1
1.2
1.8
2.0
11.2
.5
1.8
8.9
4.1
1.0
1.8
2.0
10.1
.4
1.5
8.2
3.7
1.3
1.3
1.9
12.6
.8
1.9
10.0
4.3
1.4
2.2
2.0
13.4
1.0
1.8
10.7
4.8
1.4
2.2
2.3
13.8
.5
1.9
11.4
5.1
1.4
2.3
2.5
13.3
1.2
1.7
10.3
4.7
1.4
2.2
2.1
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
10.4
3.4
11.3
3.4
10.0
3.5
11.6
3.7
11.8
3.7
11.1
3.8
12.4
4.2
12.3
4.3
12.8
4.0
12.4
4.2
10.8
3.6
11.6
3.8
10.5
3.5
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
White–Continued
Construction trades ..............................................
4.0
4.4
3.8
4.2
4.2
4.3
5.2
5.3
5.6
4.9
4.5
5.0
4.3
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
12.3
5.2
3.6
3.0
11.5
5.3
3.1
2.5
12.7
5.2
3.8
3.2
15.4
7.2
4.2
3.1
16.4
8.0
4.2
3.2
13.2
5.6
4.1
3.0
12.6
5.1
4.0
2.9
11.2
4.5
3.5
2.6
15.3
7.0
4.6
3.2
13.4
4.9
4.4
3.3
12.2
4.5
3.8
2.8
11.1
3.4
3.8
2.8
12.7
5.0
3.8
2.8
3.5
.5
3.1
.5
3.6
.6
3.9
.5
4.2
.6
3.5
.5
3.5
.6
3.2
.6
3.7
.5
4.0
.6
3.9
.9
3.9
1.0
3.9
.8
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
1.6
.4
1.7
.4
1.6
.5
3.2
1.7
2.2
.9
5.4
3.4
2.8
1.0
2.3
.6
2.8
1.3
3.4
1.5
3.9
.8
3.5
1.1
4.1
.6
Total (in thousands) ................................................ 2,532
Percent ................................................................ 100.0
339
100.0
2,193
100.0
2,492
100.0
2,074
100.0
418
100.0
8,223
100.0
4,884
100.0
1,420
100.0
1,918
100.0
1,325
100.0
214
100.0
1,111
100.0
Black
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
21.7
9.3
12.4
.4
.8
.4
3.1
2.9
18.0
6.8
11.2
.9
.3
.9
2.4
3.5
22.3
9.7
12.6
.4
.8
.3
3.2
2.8
21.0
10.0
11.0
.6
.7
.4
1.4
3.3
20.2
9.5
10.8
.6
.7
.4
1.6
3.0
24.9
12.2
12.4
.5
.7
.5
.7
4.8
18.2
8.5
9.6
.5
.9
.2
1.5
3.5
18.5
8.9
9.6
.5
1.0
.1
1.4
3.4
14.9
7.1
7.7
.7
.5
.3
1.1
3.3
19.8
8.6
11.3
.5
1.0
.4
2.0
3.9
28.9
13.9
15.1
1.1
1.2
.5
1.8
3.9
21.5
11.7
9.8
.9
.5
.5
.9
1.9
30.3
14.3
16.0
1.1
1.4
.5
2.0
4.3
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
31.2
3.5
1.9
.7
9.7
1.9
29.2
3.5
2.1
.6
10.0
1.8
31.5
3.6
1.9
.7
9.7
1.9
30.0
2.8
1.7
.5
10.0
1.9
29.7
2.7
1.7
.5
9.8
1.9
31.3
2.9
1.7
.7
10.8
1.9
28.0
3.1
1.6
.9
9.7
2.2
28.1
3.1
1.6
.9
9.4
2.2
26.1
3.3
1.8
1.0
9.0
2.0
29.1
2.8
1.6
.7
10.8
2.5
32.8
2.5
1.2
.5
9.5
2.2
32.2
1.9
.5
.5
11.2
1.9
32.9
2.6
1.4
.5
9.2
2.3
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
.8
1.3
2.1
2.3
2.1
.2
6.0
17.9
.6
3.1
.9
1.4
(1)
6.5
15.9
.3
3.2
.6
1.2
.2
5.9
18.2
.6
3.1
.9
1.5
.2
6.2
17.3
.5
2.2
1.2
1.9
.3
5.9
17.2
.5
2.5
1.2
1.9
(1)
7.4
17.7
.5
1.0
1.2
2.2
.3
5.9
15.2
.3
2.2
1.1
1.3
.4
5.6
15.6
.4
2.4
1.3
1.4
.1
6.0
13.8
.2
1.8
1.1
1.0
.3
6.8
15.4
.1
2.1
.8
1.1
.7
4.5
20.8
.3
2.0
1.9
1.7
.9
6.1
19.2
.5
1.9
1.4
2.3
.6
4.1
21.1
.3
2.1
2.0
1.5
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
25.5
1.1
3.7
20.7
4.3
8.5
4.9
3.0
24.8
.6
2.7
21.5
4.7
9.4
5.3
2.1
25.6
1.2
3.9
20.5
4.3
8.3
4.8
3.1
21.5
.4
2.8
18.3
5.2
4.8
5.1
3.3
21.8
.5
2.7
18.7
4.9
5.0
5.3
3.5
20.1
.2
3.3
16.5
6.5
3.6
4.3
2.2
20.9
.9
3.0
17.0
5.2
4.4
5.1
2.3
20.1
.9
2.9
16.3
4.5
4.0
5.5
2.3
21.5
.7
2.5
18.4
6.3
4.2
4.8
3.0
22.5
.7
3.9
17.9
6.2
5.5
4.3
1.9
18.9
.5
3.8
14.5
3.8
4.1
2.9
3.6
24.3
.5
3.3
20.6
7.9
3.3
4.2
4.7
17.8
.6
3.9
13.3
3.1
4.2
2.6
3.4
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
7.3
2.5
2.4
9.7
2.7
2.1
7.0
2.5
2.4
6.7
2.1
2.1
7.0
2.0
2.3
5.5
2.2
1.0
8.6
2.7
3.1
8.7
2.9
3.1
9.9
2.7
3.7
7.4
2.3
2.5
7.4
3.2
2.6
7.5
3.7
1.4
7.4
3.1
2.8
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
13.7
4.9
4.5
3.8
17.4
8.0
4.1
3.5
13.1
4.5
4.6
3.8
20.3
8.1
6.2
4.6
20.7
8.6
6.4
4.7
17.9
5.7
5.3
3.8
22.7
10.1
6.6
4.8
23.0
10.4
6.7
4.8
25.6
13.5
6.1
3.8
19.8
7.0
6.9
5.4
11.5
3.0
4.6
4.4
14.0
4.2
4.7
4.7
11.0
2.8
4.6
4.3
4.2
.6
5.3
(1)
4.1
.7
6.0
.5
5.7
.5
7.2
.7
5.9
.8
5.9
.8
6.0
.6
5.9
.7
3.8
.4
4.7
1.4
3.7
.3
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
.6
(1)
.6
(1)
.5
(1)
.4
(1)
.5
(1)
.2
(1)
1.7
.2
1.6
.1
2.1
.2
1.5
.2
.6
.2
.9
(1)
.6
.2
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and occupation
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
Hispanic origin
Total (in thousands) ................................................ 1,955
Percent ................................................................ 100.0
301
100.0
1,654
100.0
1,075
100.0
855
100.0
220
100.0
4,513
100.0
1,636
100.0
69
100.0
2,808
100.0
5,778
100.0
1,373
100.0
4,406
100.0
Managerial and professional specialty ...................
Executive, administrative, and managerial ...........
Professional specialty ..........................................
Engineers ...........................................................
Mathematical and computer scientists ...............
Health diagnosing occupations ...........................
Health assessment and treating occupations .....
Teachers, except college and university ............
16.0
8.7
7.3
.5
.6
.4
.7
1.8
15.0
6.0
9.0
.3
1.7
.3
.7
2.7
16.1
9.2
7.0
.5
.4
.4
.7
1.8
13.4
7.4
6.0
.5
.8
.5
.7
1.5
13.2
7.3
6.0
.6
.8
.5
.6
1.6
14.1
8.2
5.9
1
( )
.9
.5
.9
.9
16.5
8.4
8.1
.7
.5
.5
.9
2.4
19.7
10.3
9.5
.7
.7
.9
1.0
2.3
21.7
4.3
18.8
1.4
(1)
2.9
4.3
1.4
14.4
7.5
7.0
.7
.4
.2
.7
2.5
12.7
6.9
5.8
.5
.5
.1
.7
1.8
13.5
7.3
6.1
.5
.7
.1
.9
1.8
12.5
6.8
5.7
.5
.5
.1
.6
1.8
Technical, sales, and administrative support ..........
Technicians and related support ..........................
Health technologists and technicians .................
Engineering and science technicians .................
Sales occupations ................................................
Supervisors and proprietors ...............................
Sales representatives, finance and business
services ............................................................
Sales representatives, commodities, except
retail ..................................................................
Sales workers, retail and personal services .......
Administrative support, including clerical ..............
Computer equipment operators ..........................
Secretaries, stenographers, and typists .............
Financial records processing ..............................
Mail and message distributing ............................
25.7
2.0
1.0
.5
9.3
2.1
19.6
1.3
.7
1
( )
7.6
1.0
26.8
2.2
1.1
.5
9.6
2.4
20.0
1.8
.6
.3
7.9
2.3
20.5
2.0
.6
.4
7.5
2.3
18.2
.9
.5
.5
9.1
2.3
25.6
2.5
1.0
1.0
10.3
2.4
27.1
3.0
1.3
.8
11.1
2.7
21.7
2.9
(1)
2.9
8.7
1.4
24.8
2.2
.9
1.1
9.9
2.3
22.9
1.9
.9
.6
8.9
2.1
25.1
2.4
.9
.8
10.4
2.8
22.2
1.8
.9
.5
8.5
2.0
.8
1.0
.7
.4
.4
.5
1.5
1.8
(1)
1.2
.8
1.1
.7
.6
5.8
14.4
.2
2.8
1.1
1.2
(1)
6.0
10.6
.3
1.3
1.3
.3
.7
5.8
15.1
.2
3.1
1.0
1.3
.5
4.7
10.4
.4
1.1
.7
.6
.5
4.3
11.0
.5
1.1
.7
.4
.5
6.4
7.7
(1)
1.4
.9
1.4
.7
5.7
12.8
.2
1.9
1.4
.6
1.0
5.5
13.1
(1)
2.3
1.1
.4
1.4
5.8
10.1
(1)
4.3
2.9
1
( )
.5
5.8
12.6
.3
1.6
1.5
.7
.7
5.4
12.0
.2
1.7
.9
.8
.9
5.7
12.3
.1
2.3
1.3
.9
.6
5.3
11.9
.2
1.5
.8
.8
Service occupations ...............................................
Private household .................................................
Protective service .................................................
Service, except private household and protective
Food service .......................................................
Health service .....................................................
Cleaning and building service .............................
Personal service .................................................
23.8
2.0
2.3
19.6
7.8
3.2
5.6
2.9
26.9
2.7
1.7
22.6
7.0
4.7
7.3
3.7
23.3
1.9
2.4
19.0
7.9
3.0
5.4
2.8
19.1
.4
.7
18.0
10.7
1.2
4.0
2.0
18.0
.2
.8
17.0
9.9
1.3
3.6
2.1
23.2
.5
.5
22.3
13.6
.9
5.5
1.8
19.2
1.9
1.4
15.9
7.5
1.9
4.7
1.9
18.7
2.0
1.5
15.3
7.2
1.6
4.4
2.1
18.8
2.9
2.9
13.0
8.7
1.4
(1)
1.4
19.6
1.9
1.4
16.3
7.5
2.1
4.9
1.7
19.7
2.3
1.5
15.8
7.5
1.5
4.8
2.1
20.7
.8
1.6
18.2
8.6
1.5
5.8
2.3
19.4
2.8
1.5
15.1
7.1
1.5
4.4
2.1
Precision production, craft, and repair ....................
Mechanics and repairers ......................................
Construction trades ..............................................
9.7
2.8
3.4
13.3
4.7
2.3
9.1
2.5
3.6
13.4
3.2
4.7
12.9
3.5
4.4
15.5
1.8
5.9
15.3
4.0
7.6
13.7
3.9
7.2
10.1
1.4
7.2
16.5
4.2
7.8
13.3
3.9
5.7
15.7
4.4
7.5
12.6
3.8
5.1
Operators, fabricators, and laborers .......................
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..
Transportation and material moving occupations
Motor vehicle operators ......................................
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and
laborers .............................................................
Construction laborers .........................................
23.6
11.8
4.9
4.3
24.9
16.6
2.0
1.3
23.4
10.9
5.4
4.9
30.9
17.7
4.9
3.4
32.2
18.4
5.4
3.7
25.5
15.5
3.2
2.3
18.8
7.5
4.7
3.5
15.8
5.9
3.8
3.3
21.7
14.5
(1)
(1)
20.5
8.3
5.3
3.7
22.2
10.1
4.8
3.6
18.4
6.2
4.7
3.4
23.3
11.3
4.9
3.7
6.9
1.1
6.3
.7
7.0
1.1
8.3
1.3
8.5
1.3
7.3
1.4
6.6
1.4
6.1
1.5
5.8
1.4
6.9
1.4
7.2
1.6
7.6
2.1
7.1
1.5
Farming, forestry, and fishing .................................
Farm operators and managers .............................
1.2
.1
.3
(1)
1.3
.1
3.2
.2
3.2
.1
3.2
(1)
4.5
.2
4.9
.2
5.8
(1)
4.3
.2
9.2
.2
6.7
.3
10.0
.2
1 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total
employed.
NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other occupations,
not shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed
percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups
will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
21
Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage
and salary workers by industry, 1998 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Northeast
Employment status and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Total ................................................................... 20,317
5,613
(2)
14,704 25,918 18,423
(2)
(2)
6,114 11,203 22,262
6,423 15,839
Mining .....................................................................
Construction ...........................................................
1,104
303
801
1,557
1,073
484
2,764
1,452
463
849
1,624
589
1,035
Manufacturing .........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................
Lumber and wood products ................................
Furniture and fixtures ..........................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..........................
Primary metal industries .....................................
Fabricated metal products ..................................
Machinery and computing equipment .................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ..
Transportation equipment ...................................
Motor vehicles ..................................................
Professional and photographic equipment, and
watches, etc. .....................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................
Food and kindred products .................................
Textile mill products ............................................
Apparel and other textile products ......................
Paper and allied products ...................................
Printing and publishing .......................................
Chemicals and allied products ............................
3,817
2,168
97
83
112
140
279
425
384
247
88
1,212
781
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
109
149
174
112
(2)
2,604
1,387
67
67
95
109
170
276
210
136
69
6,372
4,260
166
231
180
343
520
930
481
1,038
868
4,903
3,403
114
179
143
308
425
708
377
900
803
1,470
857
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
95
221
104
138
(2)
6,890
3,667
356
277
217
206
383
688
633
590
299
3,406
1,730
152
147
98
90
164
304
317
278
124
1,475
867
133
94
(2)
52
99
126
107
160
125
2,010
1,069
72
(2)
73
63
120
257
209
153
50
3,983
2,591
206
90
91
76
217
479
499
542
92
897
590
49
(2)
(2)
(2)
47
121
122
90
(2)
3,086
2,001
158
68
61
55
170
359
378
452
69
244
1,648
248
94
217
127
420
321
85
431
51
(2)
(2)
50
135
54
159
1,217
197
61
190
78
285
268
179
2,113
506
(2)
71
207
507
349
108
1,500
324
(2)
(2)
155
334
265
71
613
182
(2)
(2)
(2)
173
84
159
3,223
641
463
359
280
476
511
97
1,676
255
402
153
149
262
244
(2)
607
126
(2)
118
57
86
77
(2)
940
260
(2)
88
74
128
189
225
1,392
349
(2)
221
86
358
167
51
307
108
(2)
(2)
(2)
93
35
175
1,085
241
(2)
201
76
265
132
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities ...............................................................
Transportation ......................................................
Communications and other public utilities ............
1,455
878
577
322
175
147
1,133
702
431
1,664
1,052
612
1,139
740
399
525
312
213
2,841
1,738
1,104
1,448
871
577
433
279
154
960
587
373
1,581
975
606
446
245
201
1,134
730
405
Wholesale and retail trade ......................................
Wholesale trade ....................................................
Retail trade ...........................................................
4,929
904
4,024
1,321
205
1,116
3,608
699
2,909
6,575
1,235
5,340
4,567
826
3,741
2,008
409
1,599
9,490
1,659
7,831
4,869
852
4,017
1,577
249
1,328
3,044
558
2,486
5,936
1,169
4,767
1,744
279
1,465
4,191
890
3,302
Finance, insurance, and real estate .......................
1,826
477
1,349
1,882
1,298
584
2,678
1,550
400
728
1,606
481
1,125
Services, excluding private households .................
Professional services ............................................
Educational services ...........................................
Health services, including hospitals ....................
7,156
4,765
734
2,379
1,971
1,351
244
666
5,185
3,414
491
1,713
7,796
5,010
677
2,637
5,405
3,462
439
1,832
2,391 11,023
1,548 6,624
238
775
805 3,355
5,963
3,478
439
1,699
1,707
1,131
122
610
3,354
2,014
214
1,046
7,391
3,983
481
1,859
2,169
1,140
119
528
5,222
2,843
362
1,331
738
1,000
772
285
567
1,222
288
72
(2)
7,495 36,058 18,741
(2)
371
(2)
59
258
142
97
(2)
UNEMPLOYED
Total ...................................................................
Mining .....................................................................
940
(2)
202
(2)
(2)
2
735
(2)
264
(2)
1,624
11
(2)
2
7
7
4
934
(2)
Construction ...........................................................
99
24
75
118
89
29
174
81
34
58
141
37
104
Manufacturing .........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................
Lumber and wood products ................................
Furniture and fixtures ..........................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..........................
Primary metal industries .....................................
Fabricated metal products ..................................
Machinery and computing equipment .................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ..
Transportation equipment ...................................
Motor vehicles ..................................................
Professional and photographic equipment, and
watches, etc. .....................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................
Food and kindred products .................................
140
66
4
3
3
5
8
15
12
5
4
37
24
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
6
4
2
2
( )
103
43
2
3
3
3
5
9
9
3
2
197
117
8
4
6
10
13
20
10
31
28
150
91
4
3
4
9
10
15
8
27
25
47
26
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
6
2
4
(2)
270
129
17
13
6
9
17
19
18
13
7
126
61
9
5
3
5
9
8
10
6
2
64
31
5
6
2
( )
1
5
3
4
3
3
81
36
3
2
( )
1
3
3
8
4
4
2
209
115
15
6
3
4
11
23
14
23
8
34
21
4
2
( )
2
( )
(2)
2
4
4
3
(2)
174
93
11
5
2
4
9
19
10
20
7
5
74
14
2
13
3
3
61
11
4
80
25
2
59
16
1
22
9
6
141
39
3
64
12
(2)
33
10
(2)
44
18
6
94
33
1
13
5
5
81
28
2
2
2
2
See footnotes at end of table.
22
2
2
2
2
Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage
and salary workers by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Northeast
Employment status and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
UNEMPLOYED–Continued
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
7
1
18
32
9
14
9
14
14
5
7
4
(2)
11
2
4
1
(2)
6
3
3
3
(2)
19
4
18
7
4
1
(2)
18
3
14
6
62
45
17
12
8
4
50
37
13
191
18
173
378
61
317
96
7
89
282
54
228
7
21
50
12
38
237
89
10
41
70
34
5
17
174
81
8
42
375
131
20
51
92
37
6
13
284
94
14
38
4.1
4.7
5.1
5.5
4.5
5.9
4.0
2.7
4.8
3.8
1
3
1
5
19
3
11
7
47
35
12
9
7
2
39
28
10
53
42
11
39
32
8
13
10
3
92
63
29
44
34
10
14
7
7
35
22
12
Wholesale and retail trade ......................................
Wholesale trade ....................................................
Retail trade ...........................................................
275
35
240
59
7
52
217
28
188
311
38
273
228
29
199
83
10
73
530
51
479
245
27
218
94
6
88
Finance, insurance, and real estate .......................
45
8
37
37
28
8
65
38
Services, excluding private households .................
Professional services ............................................
Educational services ...........................................
Health services, including hospitals ....................
332
147
19
73
65
29
4
15
267
117
15
57
283
113
16
54
200
80
11
38
83
33
5
16
481
204
23
100
4.6
3.6
5.0
3.9
4.0
3.5
4.5
Textile mill products ............................................
Apparel and other textile products ......................
Paper and allied products ...................................
Printing and publishing .......................................
Chemicals and allied products ............................
7
20
4
14
8
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities ...............................................................
Transportation ......................................................
Communications and other public utilities ............
5
2
22
10
2
15
9
(2)
(2)
(2)
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Total ...................................................................
Mining .....................................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.5
(2)
(2)
3.0
(2)
(2)
Construction ...........................................................
9.0
8.0
9.4
7.6
8.3
5.9
6.3
5.6
7.4
6.9
8.7
6.3
10.0
Manufacturing .........................................................
Durable goods ......................................................
Lumber and wood products ................................
Furniture and fixtures ..........................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..........................
Primary metal industries .....................................
Fabricated metal products ..................................
Machinery and computing equipment .................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies ..
Transportation equipment ...................................
Motor vehicles ..................................................
Professional and photographic equipment, and
watches, etc. .....................................................
Nondurable goods ................................................
Food and kindred products .................................
Textile mill products ............................................
Apparel and other textile products ......................
Paper and allied products ...................................
Printing and publishing .......................................
Chemicals and allied products ............................
3.7
3.1
3.8
3.5
2.7
3.6
2.7
3.5
3.2
2.0
4.3
3.1
3.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.7
4.1
2.2
1.8
(2)
4.0
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.8
3.1
2.7
3.1
4.1
2.1
3.3
3.1
2.7
4.6
1.9
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.2
2.0
3.0
3.2
3.1
2.7
3.6
1.8
3.0
3.0
2.3
2.1
2.1
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.5
2.6
2.0
3.0
(2)
3.9
3.5
4.8
4.6
2.8
4.2
4.4
2.8
2.9
2.2
2.3
3.7
3.6
5.9
3.3
3.1
5.1
5.6
2.8
3.1
2.1
1.5
4.3
3.6
3.5
6.1
(2)
1.7
5.1
2.3
3.8
1.9
2.3
4.0
3.4
4.8
(2)
1.5
5.1
2.3
3.1
2.0
2.9
4.2
5.2
4.4
7.2
6.8
3.8
5.4
5.1
4.9
2.8
4.2
8.7
3.8
3.6
8.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.0
(2)
5.6
4.7
6.8
7.2
3.6
7.0
5.5
5.4
2.7
4.4
10.4
1.9
4.5
5.6
7.7
9.3
2.8
3.3
2.5
1.9
3.1
5.9
2
( )
2
( )
1.8
2.1
1.3
1.9
5.0
5.5
8.3
9.9
3.4
3.9
2.7
2.0
3.8
5.0
2
( )
7.1
1.0
4.3
2.9
2.1
3.9
5.0
2
( )
2
( )
1.3
4.3
3.5
1.8
3.5
4.9
2
( )
2
( )
(2)
4.1
1.1
3.7
4.4
6.2
4.0
8.8
3.2
2.9
1.7
2.7
3.8
4.6
3.5
9.4
3.1
2.6
1.7
(2)
5.4
7.8
2
( )
9.2
3.1
4.3
1.8
(2)
4.7
6.9
2
( )
7.0
3.6
2.6
1.6
2.8
6.8
9.3
(2)
8.8
4.3
5.0
4.1
2.7
4.3
4.4
(2)
2
( )
(2)
4.5
2.4
2.9
7.5
11.5
(2)
9.0
4.5
5.2
4.6
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities ...............................................................
Transportation ......................................................
Communications and other public utilities ............
3.3
4.0
2.1
2.7
4.0
1.2
3.4
4.0
2.4
3.2
4.0
1.8
3.4
4.3
1.9
2.6
3.3
1.5
3.3
3.6
2.7
3.0
3.9
1.7
3.1
2.4
4.4
3.6
3.8
3.3
3.9
4.6
2.8
2.7
3.2
2.1
4.4
5.0
3.2
Wholesale and retail trade ......................................
Wholesale trade ....................................................
Retail trade ...........................................................
5.6
3.9
6.0
4.4
3.3
4.7
6.0
4.1
6.5
4.7
3.1
5.1
5.0
3.5
5.3
4.1
2.4
4.6
5.6
3.1
6.1
5.0
3.2
5.4
6.0
2.3
6.6
6.3
3.3
7.0
6.4
5.2
6.7
5.5
2.5
6.1
6.7
6.0
6.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate .......................
2.5
1.7
2.8
2.0
2.2
1.4
2.4
2.4
1.7
2.8
3.1
2.6
3.4
Services, excluding private households .................
Professional services ............................................
Educational services ...........................................
4.6
3.1
2.6
3.3
2.2
1.7
5.2
3.4
3.1
3.6
2.2
2.4
3.7
2.3
2.5
3.5
2.1
2.3
4.4
3.1
3.0
4.0
2.6
2.2
4.1
3.0
4.2
5.2
4.0
3.9
5.1
3.3
4.2
4.2
3.2
4.8
5.4
3.3
4.0
See footnotes at end of table.
23
Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage
and salary workers by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Northeast
Employment status and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE–Continued
Health services, including hospitals ....................
3.0
2.3
3.4
2.0
1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience.
2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
2.1
1.9
3.0
2.4
2.8
4.0
2.7
2.4
2.9
NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other industries, not
shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates
because of rounding.
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample
in that area. See appendix B.
24
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by
industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
Northeast
Population group and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
TOTAL
Total (in thousands) ................................... 19,377
Percent ...................................................... 100.0
5,411
100.0
13,966 24,919 17,688
100.0 100.0 100.0
7,230 34,434 17,969
100.0 100.0 100.0
5,829 10,636 21,040
100.0 100.0 100.0
6,136 14,904
100.0 100.0
Mining .............................................................
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.4
1.0
.3
1.0
2.4
.6
1.5
.3
Construction ...................................................
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.8
5.6
6.3
7.5
7.6
7.4
7.4
7.0
9.0
6.2
Manufacturing .................................................
Durable goods ..............................................
Lumber and wood products ........................
Furniture and fixtures ..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..................
Primary metal industries .............................
Fabricated metal products ..........................
Machinery and computing equipment .........
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ....................................................
Transportation equipment ...........................
Motor vehicles ..........................................
Professional and photographic equipment,
and watches, etc. ......................................
Nondurable goods ........................................
Food and kindred products .........................
Textile mill products ....................................
Apparel and other textile products ..............
Paper and allied products ...........................
Printing and publishing ...............................
Chemicals and allied products ....................
19.0
10.8
.5
.4
.6
.7
1.4
2.1
21.7
14.0
.5
.3
.3
.6
2.0
2.6
17.9
9.6
.5
.5
.7
.8
1.2
1.9
24.8
16.6
.6
.9
.7
1.3
2.0
3.6
26.9
18.7
.6
1.0
.8
1.7
2.3
3.9
19.7
11.5
.7
.7
.5
.5
1.3
3.0
19.2
10.3
1.0
.8
.6
.6
1.1
1.9
18.3
9.3
.8
.8
.5
.5
.9
1.6
24.2
14.3
2.2
1.5
.8
.9
1.6
2.1
18.1
9.7
.6
.3
.7
.6
1.1
2.3
17.9
11.8
.9
.4
.4
.3
1.0
2.2
14.0
9.3
.7
.3
.5
.3
.7
1.9
19.5
12.8
1.0
.4
.4
.3
1.1
2.3
1.9
1.3
.4
3.2
2.0
.3
1.4
1.0
.5
1.9
4.0
3.4
2.1
4.9
4.4
1.4
1.8
.9
1.8
1.7
.8
1.7
1.5
.7
1.8
2.7
2.1
1.9
1.4
.5
2.3
2.5
.4
1.9
1.4
.4
2.5
2.9
.4
1.2
8.1
1.2
.4
1.0
.6
2.1
1.6
1.6
7.7
.9
.6
.5
.9
2.4
1.0
1.1
8.3
1.3
.4
1.2
.5
2.0
1.9
.7
8.2
1.9
.1
.3
.8
1.9
1.4
.6
8.1
1.7
.1
.2
.9
1.8
1.4
1.0
8.2
2.4
.2
.3
.7
2.3
1.1
.4
9.0
1.7
1.3
1.0
.8
1.3
1.5
.5
9.0
1.4
2.2
.8
.8
1.4
1.3
.3
9.8
2.0
.7
1.9
1.0
1.4
1.3
.4
8.4
2.3
.2
.8
.7
1.2
1.7
1.0
6.2
1.5
.1
1.0
.4
1.6
.8
.8
4.8
1.7
.1
.3
.2
1.4
.6
1.1
6.7
1.4
.2
1.2
.5
1.7
.8
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities .......................................................
Transportation ..............................................
Communications and other public utilities ....
7.3
4.3
2.9
5.8
3.1
2.7
7.8
4.8
3.0
6.5
4.1
2.4
6.2
4.0
2.2
7.1
4.2
2.9
8.0
4.9
3.1
7.8
4.7
3.2
7.2
4.7
2.5
8.7
5.3
3.4
7.2
4.4
2.8
7.1
3.9
3.2
7.3
4.6
2.6
Wholesale and retail trade ..............................
Wholesale trade ............................................
Retail trade ...................................................
24.0
4.5
19.5
23.3
3.7
19.7
24.3
4.8
19.5
25.1
4.8
20.3
24.5
4.5
20.0
26.6
5.5
21.1
26.0
4.7
21.4
25.7
4.6
21.1
25.5
4.2
21.3
26.8
5.1
21.7
26.4
5.3
21.1
26.9
4.4
22.4
26.2
5.6
20.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...............
9.2
8.7
9.4
7.4
7.2
8.0
7.6
8.4
6.7
6.7
7.4
7.6
7.3
Services, excluding private households .........
Professional services ....................................
Educational services ...................................
Health services, including hospitals ............
35.2
23.8
3.7
11.9
35.2
24.4
4.4
12.0
35.2
23.6
3.4
11.9
30.1
19.7
2.7
10.4
29.4
19.1
2.4
10.1
31.9
21.0
3.2
10.9
30.6
18.6
2.2
9.5
31.9
18.9
2.4
9.2
28.1
18.8
2.0
10.2
29.9
18.2
1.9
9.4
33.3
18.3
2.2
8.6
33.9
18.0
1.8
8.4
33.1
18.4
2.3
8.7
Total (in thousands) ................................... 10,350
Percent ...................................................... 100.0
2,844
100.0
7,506 13,415
100.0 100.0
9,569
100.0
3,846 18,859
100.0 100.0
9,746
100.0
3,141
100.0
5,971 11,793
100.0 100.0
3,393
100.0
8,400
100.0
Men
Mining .............................................................
.3
.2
.3
.5
.4
.7
1.6
.5
1.8
3.4
1.0
2.4
.4
Construction ...................................................
8.9
8.9
8.9
9.7
9.3
10.7
12.4
12.8
12.4
11.9
11.2
14.4
10.0
Manufacturing .................................................
Durable goods ..............................................
Lumber and wood products ........................
Furniture and fixtures ..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..................
Primary metal industries .............................
Fabricated metal products ..........................
Machinery and computing equipment .........
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ....................................................
Transportation equipment ...........................
Motor vehicles ..........................................
Professional and photographic equipment,
and watches, etc. ......................................
23.6
14.6
.8
.6
.8
1.0
1.9
3.1
27.7
18.5
.8
.4
.5
.8
2.5
3.8
22.0
13.1
.7
.7
.9
1.1
1.6
2.8
32.3
22.8
.9
1.1
1.0
2.1
2.8
5.4
35.1
25.7
.9
1.2
1.1
2.7
3.2
5.8
25.4
15.6
1.0
.9
.8
.7
1.8
4.5
23.6
13.6
1.5
.9
.9
.9
1.4
2.7
21.9
12.1
1.2
1.0
.7
.7
1.1
2.2
29.5
18.9
3.4
1.7
1.1
1.4
2.3
2.7
23.3
13.2
.9
.3
1.0
.9
1.5
3.5
21.9
15.1
1.3
.6
.6
.6
1.4
2.8
17.6
12.0
1.1
.5
.7
.5
1.1
2.4
23.6
16.3
1.4
.6
.6
.6
1.5
2.9
2.2
2.0
.7
3.6
3.2
.5
1.7
1.5
.7
2.0
5.7
4.8
2.3
7.0
6.2
1.4
2.7
1.3
2.0
2.4
1.2
1.9
2.2
.9
2.0
3.6
2.7
2.4
2.0
.7
2.6
3.3
.5
2.3
1.9
.4
2.8
3.9
.6
1.4
1.8
1.3
.8
.7
1.1
.5
.5
.4
.4
1.1
.9
1.1
See footnotes at end of table.
25
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by
industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
Men–Continued
Nondurable goods ........................................
Food and kindred products .........................
Textile mill products ....................................
Apparel and other textile products ..............
Paper and allied products ...........................
Printing and publishing ...............................
Chemicals and allied products ....................
9.0
1.5
.5
.6
.9
2.3
1.9
9.3
1.1
.7
.2
1.2
2.8
1.3
8.9
1.7
.4
.8
.7
2.0
2.1
9.5
2.5
.1
.2
1.0
2.0
1.6
9.4
2.2
.1
.2
1.1
1.9
1.7
9.7
3.2
.1
.3
.9
2.3
1.4
10.1
2.0
1.3
.5
1.1
1.4
1.9
9.8
1.6
2.2
.5
1.1
1.5
1.6
10.6
2.1
.8
.8
1.4
1.3
1.9
10.1
2.6
.1
.4
1.0
1.2
2.5
6.8
2.0
.1
.7
.5
1.7
.9
5.7
2.2
.1
.1
.2
1.7
.7
7.3
1.8
.1
.9
.7
1.8
.9
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities .......................................................
Transportation ..............................................
Communications and other public utilities ....
9.7
6.0
3.7
7.7
4.3
3.4
10.5
6.7
3.9
8.5
5.6
2.9
8.1
5.5
2.6
9.4
5.9
3.4
10.4
6.7
3.7
10.2
6.4
3.8
10.1
6.8
3.2
11.0
7.3
3.8
8.9
5.7
3.2
8.8
4.9
3.9
8.9
6.0
2.9
Wholesale and retail trade ..............................
Wholesale trade ............................................
Retail trade ...................................................
24.4
5.8
18.6
23.7
5.1
18.6
24.7
6.1
18.6
23.7
6.4
17.3
22.4
5.8
16.6
26.7
7.7
19.0
25.0
6.0
19.0
25.3
5.9
19.4
23.5
5.8
17.7
25.3
6.3
18.9
25.5
6.3
19.2
25.5
5.7
19.7
25.6
6.5
19.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...............
7.7
6.9
8.0
5.0
4.8
5.4
5.1
6.0
4.2
4.3
5.4
5.4
5.3
Services, excluding private households .........
Professional services ....................................
Educational services ...................................
Health services, including hospitals ............
25.4
13.4
2.6
4.6
24.9
13.4
3.3
4.1
25.6
13.5
2.4
4.8
20.4
10.0
1.6
3.6
19.9
9.6
1.5
3.4
21.8
10.9
2.1
4.1
21.8
9.9
1.2
3.4
23.3
10.2
1.4
3.4
18.6
10.0
1.1
4.0
20.9
9.4
1.0
3.2
26.2
10.6
1.5
3.5
26.0
10.4
1.2
3.2
26.2
10.6
1.6
3.5
9,027
100.0
2,566
100.0
6,460 11,503
100.0 100.0
8,119
100.0
3,385 15,575
100.0 100.0
8,223
100.0
2,687
100.0
4,665
100.0
9,247
100.0
2,742
100.0
6,504
100.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.1
.2
.4
.1
Women
Total (in thousands) ...................................
Percent ......................................................
Mining .............................................................
(1)
.1
.4
.1
(1)
Construction ...................................................
.9
1.1
.9
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.3
1.5
Manufacturing .................................................
Durable goods ..............................................
Lumber and wood products ........................
Furniture and fixtures ..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..................
Primary metal industries .............................
Fabricated metal products ..........................
Machinery and computing equipment .........
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ....................................................
Transportation equipment ...........................
Motor vehicles ..........................................
Professional and photographic equipment,
and watches, etc. ......................................
Nondurable goods ........................................
Food and kindred products .........................
Textile mill products ....................................
Apparel and other textile products ..............
Paper and allied products ...........................
Printing and publishing ...............................
Chemicals and allied products ....................
13.7
6.6
.2
.2
.3
.3
.9
1.0
15.0
9.0
.2
.1
.1
.2
1.3
1.4
13.2
5.6
.1
.2
.4
.4
.7
.9
16.0
9.4
.3
.6
.3
.4
1.1
1.6
17.1
10.5
.3
.7
.4
.5
1.3
1.7
13.2
6.8
.4
.5
.1
.2
.6
1.3
13.9
6.3
.4
.6
.3
.2
.6
1.1
13.9
6.0
.3
.6
.3
.2
.6
1.0
18.0
9.0
.8
1.3
.3
.3
.9
1.5
11.5
5.3
.3
.3
.3
.2
.6
.9
12.9
7.6
.4
.2
.2
.1
.4
1.4
9.6
5.9
.2
.1
.2
.1
.3
1.2
14.3
8.3
.4
.2
.1
(1)
.5
1.4
1.6
.4
.2
2.7
.8
.2
1.1
.3
.2
1.7
2.1
1.7
1.8
2.6
2.3
1.4
.9
.4
1.5
.8
.5
1.5
.7
.4
1.5
1.6
1.4
1.4
.6
.2
1.9
1.4
.2
1.5
.9
.3
2.0
1.6
.2
1.0
7.1
.9
.4
1.5
.4
1.9
1.3
1.2
6.0
.7
.4
.7
.5
2.0
.6
.9
7.6
.9
.4
1.7
.3
1.9
1.5
.6
6.6
1.3
.1
.3
.6
1.9
1.1
.5
6.6
1.2
.1
.3
.6
1.7
1.2
.8
6.4
1.5
.2
.4
.5
2.2
.9
.4
7.6
1.4
1.3
1.5
.4
1.3
.9
.5
8.0
1.1
2.1
1.1
.5
1.3
1.0
.3
9.0
1.8
.6
3.0
.5
1.5
.6
.3
6.2
1.8
.2
1.3
.2
1.2
.8
1.0
5.4
.9
.2
1.3
.2
1.5
.6
.7
3.7
1.0
.1
.5
.1
1.2
.4
1.2
6.1
.9
.2
1.6
.2
1.6
.7
4.4
2.4
2.0
3.7
1.8
1.9
4.7
2.7
2.0
4.1
2.3
1.9
4.0
2.3
1.7
4.5
2.2
2.3
5.0
2.6
2.4
5.0
2.6
2.4
3.8
2.1
1.7
5.7
2.8
2.9
5.1
2.9
2.3
5.0
2.6
2.4
5.2
2.9
2.2
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities .......................................................
Transportation ..............................................
Communications and other public utilities ....
See footnotes at end of table.
26
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by
industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
Women–Continued
Wholesale and retail trade ..............................
Wholesale trade ............................................
Retail trade ...................................................
23.6
2.9
20.6
23.0
2.1
20.9
23.8
3.3
20.5
26.9
3.0
23.9
27.0
2.9
24.1
26.5
3.1
23.5
27.3
3.0
24.2
26.2
3.0
23.2
27.8
2.3
25.5
28.8
3.5
25.3
27.5
3.9
23.6
28.6
2.8
25.7
27.1
4.4
22.7
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...............
10.9
10.6
11.0
10.2
10.0
10.9
10.5
11.3
9.7
9.7
10.0
10.4
9.8
Services, excluding private households .........
Professional services ....................................
Educational services ...................................
Health services, including hospitals ............
46.5
35.7
4.9
20.3
46.7
36.7
5.7
20.8
46.4
35.4
4.6
20.1
41.5
30.9
3.9
18.3
40.7
30.3
3.6
18.1
43.5
32.4
4.5
18.7
41.3
29.2
3.3
16.7
42.0
29.1
3.6
16.1
39.2
29.2
3.1
17.4
41.5
29.4
3.2
17.4
42.5
28.2
3.1
15.2
43.6
27.4
2.7
14.8
42.1
28.6
3.2
15.3
Total (in thousands) ................................... 16,687
Percent ...................................................... 100.0
5,026
100.0
6,736 27,338 13,846
100.0 100.0 100.0
4,679
100.0
White
11,661 22,385 15,649
100.0 100.0 100.0
8,812 17,851
100.0 100.0
5,701 12,149
100.0 100.0
Mining .............................................................
.2
.1
.2
.3
.2
.5
1.2
.3
1.1
2.6
.7
1.6
.3
Construction ...................................................
5.6
5.4
5.6
6.1
5.9
6.5
8.3
8.5
8.0
8.1
7.7
9.2
6.9
Manufacturing .................................................
Durable goods ..............................................
Lumber and wood products ........................
Furniture and fixtures ..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..................
Primary metal industries .............................
Fabricated metal products ..........................
Machinery and computing equipment .........
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ....................................................
Transportation equipment ...........................
Motor vehicles ..........................................
Professional and photographic equipment,
and watches, etc. ......................................
Nondurable goods ........................................
Food and kindred products .........................
Textile mill products ....................................
Apparel and other textile products ..............
Paper and allied products ...........................
Printing and publishing ...............................
Chemicals and allied products ....................
19.5
11.4
.5
.4
.6
.7
1.5
2.3
21.5
13.9
.6
.3
.3
.5
1.9
2.7
18.6
10.4
.5
.5
.7
.8
1.3
2.2
25.0
16.8
.7
.9
.7
1.3
2.1
3.8
27.3
19.0
.7
1.0
.8
1.7
2.5
4.2
19.7
11.6
.7
.7
.5
.5
1.3
3.1
18.5
10.1
.9
.8
.6
.6
1.1
2.0
17.2
9.0
.7
.8
.5
.5
.9
1.6
22.9
14.0
1.9
1.6
.8
.8
1.5
2.2
18.1
9.9
.6
.4
.7
.5
1.2
2.4
17.7
11.6
1.0
.4
.4
.3
1.1
2.1
14.0
9.2
.8
.4
.5
.3
.7
1.9
19.4
12.7
1.1
.5
.4
.4
1.2
2.2
2.0
1.3
.4
3.1
2.0
.3
1.5
1.0
.5
1.9
3.8
3.1
2.1
4.7
4.1
1.4
1.9
.9
1.7
1.7
.8
1.7
1.5
.6
1.7
2.7
2.1
1.8
1.5
.5
2.1
2.5
.4
1.9
1.4
.4
2.1
3.0
.4
1.2
8.1
1.3
.4
.8
.7
2.2
1.5
1.4
7.6
.8
.5
.4
.9
2.5
1.0
1.2
8.3
1.5
.4
1.0
.6
2.1
1.8
.7
8.2
1.9
.1
.2
.9
2.0
1.3
.6
8.2
1.8
.1
.2
.9
1.9
1.4
.9
8.2
2.3
.1
.3
.7
2.4
1.2
.5
8.3
1.5
1.1
.8
.8
1.4
1.5
.5
8.2
1.0
1.9
.6
.7
1.5
1.4
.4
9.0
1.5
.6
1.6
.9
1.6
1.4
.4
8.2
2.1
.1
.7
.7
1.2
1.7
1.0
6.1
1.6
.1
.8
.4
1.7
.7
.7
4.8
1.7
.1
.2
.2
1.5
.6
1.1
6.7
1.5
.1
1.1
.6
1.7
.8
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities .......................................................
Transportation ..............................................
Communications and other public utilities ....
7.1
4.2
2.9
5.8
3.1
2.7
7.7
4.7
3.0
6.3
4.0
2.3
6.0
3.9
2.0
7.0
4.1
2.9
7.8
4.7
3.1
7.6
4.4
3.2
7.0
4.4
2.5
8.6
5.3
3.3
7.1
4.3
2.8
7.0
3.8
3.2
7.1
4.5
2.6
Wholesale and retail trade ..............................
Wholesale trade ............................................
Retail trade ...................................................
24.5
4.7
19.7
23.7
3.8
19.9
24.8
5.1
19.7
25.5
5.0
20.4
24.9
4.8
20.1
26.9
5.7
21.1
26.1
5.0
21.1
25.9
4.9
21.1
25.8
4.6
21.3
26.5
5.3
21.2
26.7
5.4
21.3
26.9
4.5
22.3
26.6
5.7
20.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...............
9.0
8.7
9.2
7.4
7.2
7.9
8.0
9.0
7.0
7.0
7.3
7.7
7.1
Services, excluding private households .........
Professional services ....................................
Educational services ...................................
Health services, including hospitals ............
34.2
23.1
3.7
11.0
34.8
24.2
4.5
11.6
33.9
22.7
3.4
10.7
29.4
19.3
2.6
9.9
28.5
18.6
2.4
9.6
31.5
20.9
3.2
10.7
30.2
18.6
2.2
9.0
31.4
18.9
2.4
8.7
28.1
19.3
2.0
10.1
29.2
17.9
1.9
8.8
32.8
18.0
2.1
8.3
33.6
18.2
1.8
8.4
32.5
17.9
2.2
8.2
See footnotes at end of table.
27
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by
industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
Black
Total (in thousands) ...................................
Percent ......................................................
Mining .............................................................
1,913
100.0
277
100.0
1,636
100.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,931
100.0
1,616
100.0
315
100.0
6,144
100.0
3,637
100.0
1,089
100.0
1,418
100.0
917
100.0
165
100.0
752
100.0
.1
.1
.3
.4
.1
.6
1.1
.1
.6
.1
Construction ...................................................
3.2
1.4
3.5
2.7
2.6
3.2
4.6
4.8
4.8
4.1
3.6
3.0
3.7
Manufacturing .................................................
Durable goods ..............................................
Lumber and wood products ........................
Furniture and fixtures ..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..................
Primary metal industries .............................
Fabricated metal products ..........................
Machinery and computing equipment .........
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ....................................................
Transportation equipment ...........................
Motor vehicles ..........................................
Professional and photographic equipment,
and watches, etc. ......................................
Nondurable goods ........................................
Food and kindred products .........................
Textile mill products ....................................
Apparel and other textile products ..............
Paper and allied products ...........................
Printing and publishing ...............................
Chemicals and allied products ....................
13.1
6.5
.1
.2
.4
.5
1.0
.5
21.7
13.7
.4
.4
1
( )
1
( )
3.2
.7
11.7
5.3
.1
.2
.4
.5
.6
.4
21.5
14.3
.3
.4
.3
1.7
1.5
1.5
23.0
15.8
.2
.5
.3
2.0
1.8
1.5
14.3
6.7
.3
1
( )
.3
.3
.3
.6
22.4
10.6
1.5
.7
.7
.7
1.0
1.8
22.4
10.6
1.2
.9
.7
.5
.9
1.9
29.1
15.8
3.6
1.2
.8
1.1
1.9
1.7
17.3
6.8
.8
.1
.7
.7
.4
1.3
12.5
7.4
.5
.1
.1
.1
.2
1.3
10.3
6.1
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.2
12.9
7.7
.7
.1
.1
.1
.3
1.3
1.3
.9
.5
2.9
2.2
.7
1.1
.6
.5
1.6
6.0
5.5
1.6
6.9
6.6
1.0
1.9
.3
1.8
1.6
1.0
1.8
1.6
1.0
2.1
2.5
1.7
1.5
.8
.4
1.1
2.6
.2
1.8
1.8
(1)
.9
2.8
.3
.9
6.6
.9
.4
.9
.3
1.6
2.0
2.9
8.3
1.8
1.1
1.4
.7
1.8
.7
.6
6.4
.8
.3
.9
.2
1.5
2.2
.5
7.3
1.9
.1
.3
.6
1.1
1.7
.3
7.2
1.5
.1
.3
.6
1.2
1.7
1.3
7.6
3.8
(1)
(1)
.6
1.3
1.3
.4
11.8
2.9
2.1
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.5
.5
11.8
2.4
3.0
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.3
.2
13.3
3.9
1.2
3.1
.9
.7
1.0
.2
10.6
3.5
.4
.9
.8
1.0
2.4
.7
5.1
1.2
(1)
.2
.2
1.9
1.3
1.2
4.2
1.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.8
.6
.5
5.3
1.1
(1)
.3
.3
1.9
1.5
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities .......................................................
Transportation ..............................................
Communications and other public utilities ....
9.4
6.0
3.4
7.9
4.7
3.2
9.6
6.2
3.4
9.0
5.5
3.5
8.8
5.2
3.6
9.8
7.0
2.9
9.3
6.0
3.4
9.2
6.0
3.2
8.4
5.8
2.6
10.3
5.9
4.4
11.2
7.2
4.0
9.1
6.1
3.6
11.7
7.6
4.1
Wholesale and retail trade ..............................
Wholesale trade ............................................
Retail trade ...................................................
19.5
2.5
17.0
17.3
1.1
16.2
19.8
2.8
17.1
22.0
2.6
19.3
21.2
2.7
18.6
26.0
2.5
23.2
25.0
3.6
21.5
24.5
3.8
20.7
23.6
2.5
21.0
27.6
3.9
23.7
21.5
4.7
16.8
24.2
3.6
20.0
20.9
4.9
16.1
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...............
10.2
8.3
10.5
7.9
7.7
9.2
6.4
6.7
5.8
5.9
8.5
8.5
8.5
Services, excluding private households .........
Professional services ....................................
Educational services ...................................
Health services, including hospitals ............
44.6
31.3
3.2
19.6
43.0
31.4
4.0
20.6
44.9
31.2
3.1
19.4
36.9
23.7
2.7
14.0
36.7
23.9
2.6
14.0
37.5
22.9
3.2
14.0
31.9
18.9
2.2
11.5
32.3
18.6
2.4
10.9
27.7
17.0
1.9
10.7
33.9
20.9
1.8
13.8
42.4
24.0
3.9
11.6
43.6
16.4
1.8
8.5
42.3
25.7
4.3
12.2
Total (in thousands) ...................................
Percent ......................................................
1,616
100.0
258
100.0
1,359
100.0
936
100.0
749
100.0
187
100.0
3,543
100.0
1,327
100.0
56
100.0
2,160
100.0
4,241
100.0
1,047
100.0
3,194
100.0
Mining .............................................................
.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.0
.1
1.6
.5
1.4
.1
Construction ...................................................
5.3
3.5
5.6
6.5
6.0
8.0
11.8
10.9
8.9
12.5
8.8
12.5
7.6
Manufacturing .................................................
Durable goods ..............................................
Lumber and wood products ........................
Furniture and fixtures ..................................
Stone, clay, and glass products ..................
Primary metal industries .............................
Fabricated metal products ..........................
Machinery and computing equipment .........
Electrical machinery, equipment, and
supplies ....................................................
Transportation equipment ...........................
Motor vehicles ..........................................
Professional and photographic equipment,
and watches, etc. ......................................
20.8
9.3
.2
.3
.2
.4
1.4
1.1
28.7
19.0
.8
.8
1
( )
.8
3.5
2.3
19.3
7.4
.1
.2
.2
.4
.9
.9
36.2
21.4
.9
1.7
1.0
2.5
3.2
3.1
37.7
23.8
.8
1.5
1.2
2.9
3.5
3.6
30.5
11.8
1.1
2.7
1
( )
.5
2.1
1.1
18.6
8.7
.6
.7
.7
.6
1.2
1.8
13.9
6.7
.5
.8
.4
.4
.9
1.1
28.6
14.3
3.6
(1)
1
( )
1.8
1.8
1.8
21.2
9.8
.6
.7
.9
.7
1.4
2.3
23.1
12.8
1.0
1.0
.6
.4
1.7
2.1
16.4
8.9
1.3
.8
.5
.6
.5
1.2
25.3
14.1
.9
1.1
.6
.3
2.0
2.3
2.0
.9
.6
5.0
2.3
1.2
1.5
.7
.4
2.4
4.2
3.8
2.9
4.4
4.1
.5
3.2
2.7
1.2
1.2
.5
1.3
.8
.4
3.6
3.6
1.8
1.0
1.3
.5
2.2
2.1
.5
1.4
1.6
.5
2.4
2.2
.6
.6
1.2
.4
.5
.4
.5
.3
.5
.3
.9
.4
1.1
Hispanic origin
(1)
.1
See footnotes at end of table.
28
(1)
(1)
Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by
industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Northeast
Population group and industry
Total
Midwest
New
Middle
England Atlantic
Total
South
East
West
North North
Central Central
Total
West
East
West
South
South South
Atlantic
Central Central
Total
MounPacific
tain
Hispanic origin–Continued
Nondurable goods ........................................
Food and kindred products .........................
Textile mill products ....................................
Apparel and other textile products ..............
Paper and allied products ...........................
Printing and publishing ...............................
Chemicals and allied products ....................
11.5
1.8
1.0
3.7
.6
1.2
1.7
9.7
1.6
.4
1.2
.8
2.3
1.2
11.8
1.8
1.1
4.2
.5
1.0
1.8
14.9
6.2
.1
.4
1.3
2.1
1.1
13.8
4.3
.1
.5
1.6
2.0
1.3
18.7
13.9
(1)
.5
(1)
2.1
(1)
9.9
3.5
.4
1.3
.5
1.0
1.3
7.2
1.5
1.0
.8
.5
1.3
.9
Transportation, communications, and public
utilities .......................................................
Transportation ..............................................
Communications and other public utilities ....
6.8
5.0
1.9
4.3
3.1
1.2
7.3
5.4
2.0
4.5
3.1
1.4
4.4
3.2
1.2
4.8
2.7
2.1
8.4
5.9
2.4
10.3
8.0
2.3
Wholesale and retail trade ..............................
Wholesale trade ............................................
Retail trade ...................................................
28.8
4.8
23.9
23.6
2.7
20.9
29.7
5.2
24.5
27.0
4.7
22.3
26.3
4.8
21.5
29.9
4.8
25.7
27.9
4.5
23.4
27.2
5.3
21.9
Finance, insurance, and real estate ...............
7.7
5.8
8.1
4.1
4.1
4.3
5.8
8.1
Services, excluding private households .........
Professional services ....................................
Educational services ...................................
Health services, including hospitals ............
30.6
17.2
1.9
9.7
33.7
19.8
1.9
12.0
30.0
16.6
1.9
9.2
21.7
9.7
1.2
5.0
21.5
10.0
1.3
5.2
22.5
8.6
.5
4.8
26.6
13.8
1.3
7.8
29.7
15.0
1.7
8.3
1 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other industries,
not shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed
percentages because of rounding.
plastics products are not available.
29
14.3
8.9
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1.8
1.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
21.4
3.6
19.6
(1)
39.3
23.2
(1)
12.5
11.5
4.6
.1
1.7
.6
.8
1.6
10.3
3.3
.2
2.4
.5
1.6
1.1
7.5
4.3
.1
.5
.2
1.1
.7
11.1
3.0
.2
3.0
.6
1.7
1.2
7.4
4.8
2.6
6.3
4.2
2.1
6.3
3.7
2.7
6.3
4.4
1.9
28.4
4.0
24.4
29.6
5.8
23.8
29.6
4.7
24.8
29.6
6.1
23.4
4.5
4.4
5.1
4.2
24.4
12.9
1.1
7.5
27.4
11.4
1.1
6.3
28.7
11.9
.8
6.6
27.0
11.2
1.2
6.3
Data on rubber and miscellaneous
Table 7. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
(In thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and area
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29 30 to 34
hours
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
Persons
who
Total at
usually
41 to 48 49 hours work
work full
hours and over
time
TOTAL
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
23,729
6,544
17,185
1,206
356
851
3,177
888
2,289
2,143
686
1,458
17,202
4,615
12,588
2,163
526
1,637
8,184
2,110
6,074
2,521
759
1,762
4,335
1,220
3,115
38.6
38.4
38.7
42.7
42.8
42.7
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
30,543
21,075
9,469
1,712
1,130
582
3,917
2,650
1,267
2,785
1,897
889
22,129
15,398
6,731
1,978
1,353
626
9,601
6,807
2,794
3,971
2,746
1,225
6,578
4,493
2,086
39.4
39.4
39.3
43.8
43.7
43.9
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
43,866
22,741
7,406
13,719
1,883
941
335
607
4,870
2,466
868
1,536
3,741
1,926
653
1,162
33,371
17,407
5,550
10,414
2,890
1,487
531
872
16,489
8,788
2,660
5,040
5,100
2,621
885
1,594
8,893
4,510
1,474
2,908
39.9
39.8
39.6
40.1
43.2
43.0
43.0
43.5
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
27,870
7,997
19,873
1,454
423
1,031
3,597
1,009
2,588
2,679
761
1,918
20,140
5,804
14,336
1,711
521
1,189
10,000
2,724
7,276
3,029
911
2,118
5,399
1,647
3,752
38.9
39.2
38.8
43.0
43.4
42.9
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
12,712
3,468
9,244
416
127
290
1,063
287
776
913
271
643
10,319
2,784
7,536
801
192
609
4,686
1,205
3,481
1,609
488
1,121
3,223
899
2,324
41.8
41.7
41.8
44.3
44.4
44.3
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
16,408
11,332
5,076
620
398
222
1,396
907
489
1,166
793
372
13,226
9,234
3,992
768
521
247
5,241
3,739
1,502
2,402
1,672
730
4,814
3,302
1,512
42.6
42.7
42.5
45.4
45.3
45.7
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
23,772
12,185
3,989
7,598
704
352
127
225
1,901
949
334
618
1,595
824
276
495
19,572
10,060
3,252
6,261
1,114
574
191
348
8,820
4,660
1,420
2,739
3,084
1,550
535
999
6,554
3,276
1,105
2,174
42.6
42.4
42.5
43.1
44.9
44.6
44.8
45.3
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
15,483
4,387
11,096
542
151
391
1,404
371
1,032
1,227
338
888
12,311
3,527
8,784
772
225
547
5,777
1,557
4,220
1,864
552
1,313
3,898
1,193
2,704
41.5
42.2
41.3
44.2
44.8
44.0
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
11,017
3,076
7,941
790
229
561
2,114
601
1,513
1,230
415
815
6,883
1,831
5,052
1,362
334
1,028
3,498
905
2,593
912
271
641
1,112
321
790
34.9
34.7
35.0
40.5
40.5
40.4
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
14,136
9,743
4,393
1,092
732
360
2,522
1,743
778
1,619
1,103
516
8,903
6,165
2,738
1,210
832
378
4,360
3,069
1,291
1,569
1,074
495
1,764
1,190
574
35.6
35.6
35.5
41.4
41.4
41.3
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
20,094
10,555
3,417
6,121
1,179
589
208
382
2,969
1,517
534
918
2,146
1,102
376
667
13,799
7,347
2,299
4,153
1,776
913
339
524
7,669
4,128
1,240
2,301
2,015
1,071
350
594
2,339
1,235
370
734
36.6
36.8
36.2
36.5
40.9
41.0
40.5
40.9
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
12,387
3,610
8,777
913
272
640
2,193
638
1,556
1,452
423
1,030
7,828
2,277
5,551
938
297
642
4,223
1,167
3,056
1,165
360
806
1,502
454
1,048
35.6
35.6
35.6
41.2
41.3
41.2
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
1,123
335
788
288
94
194
470
139
331
84
27
57
280
75
206
60
17
43
156
41
115
31
9
22
34
8
26
23.3
22.4
23.6
39.3
38.5
39.5
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
1,976
1,301
675
458
295
163
801
537
264
186
122
64
531
348
183
109
76
32
259
169
91
86
54
31
77
48
29
24.4
24.4
24.6
39.7
39.6
39.8
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
2,237
1,098
404
735
372
189
66
118
904
441
166
297
231
114
40
76
730
354
131
245
166
81
28
57
383
194
69
120
86
36
20
29
95
43
14
38
26.5
26.3
26.5
26.9
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.5
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
See footnotes at end of table.
30
Table 7. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and area
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29 30 to 34
hours
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
Persons
who
Total at
usually
41 to 48 49 hours work
work full
hours and over
time
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
1,461
507
954
288
97
191
552
187
364
160
56
104
462
167
296
89
30
59
265
93
172
49
20
29
60
23
36
25.9
26.4
25.7
39.6
40.0
39.5
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
20,392
6,098
14,294
1,090
337
752
2,772
834
1,938
1,882
642
1,240
14,648
4,285
10,363
1,777
493
1,284
6,690
1,902
4,788
2,277
725
1,552
3,904
1,164
2,740
38.6
38.4
38.7
42.9
42.9
43.0
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
27,421
18,585
8,835
1,585
1,031
554
3,532
2,348
1,184
2,492
1,672
820
19,812
13,535
6,277
1,783
1,195
588
8,230
5,697
2,533
3,704
2,534
1,170
6,096
4,109
1,987
39.4
39.5
39.4
43.9
43.9
44.0
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
34,810
17,450
5,973
11,387
1,567
765
280
522
3,902
1,921
697
1,283
2,933
1,450
516
967
26,408
13,314
4,480
8,614
2,264
1,120
424
720
12,326
6,333
2,018
3,975
4,246
2,107
759
1,380
7,572
3,753
1,279
2,539
40.1
40.0
39.8
40.2
43.5
43.4
43.4
43.7
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
23,631
7,427
16,204
1,284
404
880
3,088
944
2,144
2,270
708
1,562
16,990
5,372
11,619
1,489
490
999
8,128
2,478
5,650
2,656
855
1,800
4,718
1,549
3,170
38.9
39.2
38.7
43.1
43.5
43.0
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
2,428
323
2,104
88
15
73
313
42
272
200
33
167
1,826
234
1,592
296
28
269
1,103
146
958
166
23
144
260
38
222
37.7
37.7
37.7
40.7
41.1
40.6
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
2,387
1,983
404
92
75
16
300
250
51
231
186
45
1,764
1,471
293
161
134
27
1,067
904
164
197
160
37
338
274
64
38.4
38.4
38.5
41.8
41.8
41.9
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
7,893
4,700
1,358
1,834
280
160
52
67
854
486
162
206
722
431
130
161
6,037
3,623
1,014
1,400
558
338
99
121
3,683
2,208
616
859
728
447
118
162
1,069
630
181
258
38.9
38.9
38.4
39.1
41.5
41.5
41.4
41.8
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
1,271
208
1,063
40
7
33
149
23
126
129
17
112
953
160
793
70
12
58
576
93
483
107
19
88
199
36
163
39.2
39.5
39.2
42.2
42.6
42.1
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
1,887
290
1,597
55
10
45
225
35
190
154
32
121
1,453
213
1,240
198
18
179
832
136
696
158
26
132
265
33
232
38.8
38.1
39.0
41.7
41.5
41.7
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
1,037
825
212
27
20
8
88
68
21
101
78
22
821
659
162
68
50
18
454
376
78
124
100
25
175
133
42
40.3
40.3
40.3
42.9
42.7
43.6
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
4,354
1,582
65
2,707
134
40
2
92
476
163
6
307
379
130
5
244
3,365
1,249
52
2,064
302
102
5
195
1,894
739
26
1,129
473
165
11
298
696
242
11
442
39.4
39.5
40.4
39.4
42.2
42.0
42.9
42.3
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
5,588
1,329
4,259
195
42
152
660
146
514
549
136
413
4,184
1,004
3,180
355
95
261
2,570
594
1,976
544
122
422
714
193
521
38.4
39.0
38.2
41.5
41.9
41.4
White
Black
Hispanic origin
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of
rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
31
Table 8. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status,
1998 annual averages
(In thousands)
Usually work full time
Population group and area
Total
Usually work part time
Slack
Vacation
WeatherHoliday,
work or
or
related
legal or
business personal
curtailreligious
conditions
day
ment
Other
reasons1
Total
Slack
work or
business
conditions
Other
Retired
Could
In
family or
or Social Other
Childonly find
school
personal
Security reacare
part-time
or
limit on sons2
problems obligawork
training
tions
earnings
TOTAL
Northeast ..............................
New England .......................
Middle Atlantic .....................
2,299
680
1,619
135
35
99
636
165
471
845
282
563
60
27
33
623
171
453
4,228
1,250
2,978
211
51
160
320
72
248
215
65
150
1,086
354
732
1,135
336
799
392
121
272
869
251
617
Midwest ................................
East North Central ...............
West North Central ..............
2,914
1,930
985
215
146
68
945
614
331
747
524
223
132
76
56
875
570
307
5,500
3,747
1,753
188
136
52
297
212
85
174
138
36
1,403
962
442
1,821
1,198
623
563
369
194
1,054
732
321
South ....................................
South Atlantic ......................
East South Central ..............
West South Central .............
4,279
2,162
762
1,355
397
187
74
136
1,166
612
184
369
1,088
594
194
299
201
79
46
76
1,427
690
264
475
6,215
3,172
1,094
1,949
324
164
51
109
400
194
76
131
222
121
33
67
1,232
637
219
377
1,887
919
342
625
609
328
120
161
1,541
809
253
479
West .....................................
Mountain ..............................
Pacific ..................................
2,779
789
1,990
311
73
239
743
243
501
724
192
532
97
15
82
904
266
636
4,951
1,404
3,547
384
76
308
342
76
266
157
48
109
1,146
353
794
1,461
430
1,031
327
106
221
1,134
315
818
Northeast ..............................
New England .......................
Middle Atlantic .....................
1,130
325
805
83
20
63
324
82
243
402
130
271
42
17
25
279
76
203
1,263
359
904
92
23
68
124
30
94
6
2
4
51
19
32
500
145
355
222
65
157
268
75
194
Midwest ................................
East North Central ...............
West North Central ..............
1,440
950
490
126
87
39
473
307
166
362
257
105
86
51
35
393
248
145
1,741
1,148
593
91
65
26
111
78
34
8
7
1
60
37
23
823
528
295
305
197
108
343
236
106
South ....................................
South Atlantic ......................
East South Central ..............
West South Central .............
2,107
1,058
369
681
234
115
41
78
589
308
89
192
500
274
90
136
174
76
38
60
610
285
111
215
2,093
1,067
369
657
142
76
20
47
141
65
25
51
5
2
1
2
66
36
11
19
870
430
152
287
347
184
75
87
522
274
85
164
West .....................................
Mountain ..............................
Pacific ..................................
1,464
401
1,063
203
42
161
396
127
269
356
97
259
80
13
67
429
122
307
1,707
459
1,249
188
34
154
138
30
108
8
2
6
89
21
67
685
198
488
174
57
117
425
117
309
Northeast ..............................
New England .......................
Middle Atlantic .....................
1,169
354
815
52
16
36
312
83
229
443
152
292
18
10
8
344
93
250
2,965
891
2,074
119
28
91
195
42
153
209
63
146
1,034
335
699
635
191
444
170
56
114
603
176
427
Midwest ................................
East North Central ...............
West North Central ..............
1,474
979
495
88
59
29
472
307
165
385
267
118
45
24
21
484
322
162
3,759
2,599
1,160
98
71
26
186
135
51
166
132
35
1,343
925
419
998
670
328
258
172
86
710
494
215
South ....................................
South Atlantic ......................
East South Central ..............
West South Central .............
2,172
1,104
394
675
163
72
33
58
577
305
95
177
588
320
105
163
28
4
8
16
816
403
153
261
4,122
2,105
725
1,293
181
88
31
62
259
129
50
80
217
119
32
65
1,166
601
207
358
1,017
489
190
338
262
144
44
73
1,020
535
171
317
West .....................................
Mountain ..............................
Pacific ..................................
1,315
388
927
108
30
78
347
116
231
368
94
274
17
2
15
475
146
329
3,244
945
2,299
196
42
154
205
46
159
149
46
103
1,058
331
726
775
232
543
153
49
104
708
199
510
Northeast ..............................
New England .......................
Middle Atlantic .....................
1,992
633
1,359
119
33
86
566
154
412
725
262
463
56
26
30
526
158
368
3,846
1,214
2,632
170
50
120
253
63
190
198
63
135
1,049
353
696
1,000
321
679
375
119
256
801
245
556
Midwest ................................
East North Central ...............
2,609
1,693
188
126
878
561
659
454
123
68
761
484
5,150
3,458
169
117
246
171
159
125
1,376
936
1,663
1,078
537
346
1,000
685
Men
Women
White
See footnotes at end of table.
32
Table 8. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status,
1998 annual averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Usually work full time
Population group and area
Total
Usually work part time
Slack
Vacation
WeatherHoliday,
work or
or
related
legal or
business personal
curtailreligious
conditions
day
ment
Other
reasons1
Total
Slack
work or
business
conditions
Other
Retired
Could
In
family or
or Social Other
Childonly find
school
personal
Security reacare
part-time
or
limit on sons2
problems obligawork
training
tions
earnings
White–Continued
West North Central ..............
916
63
318
205
55
275
1,693
51
75
34
441
586
191
315
South ....................................
South Atlantic ......................
East South Central ..............
West South Central .............
3,349
1,621
602
1,127
299
133
55
111
957
487
154
316
847
439
154
253
159
59
39
61
1,087
503
200
386
5,193
2,589
916
1,689
240
119
35
87
268
121
51
95
185
99
28
58
1,142
583
202
357
1,529
726
271
532
532
275
112
144
1,297
666
217
416
West .....................................
Mountain ..............................
Pacific ..................................
2,355
736
1,619
272
68
203
647
231
416
577
174
403
88
14
74
771
249
523
4,447
1,365
3,082
349
75
274
286
71
215
139
47
92
1,075
350
726
1,252
405
846
293
103
190
1,053
314
739
Northeast ..............................
New England .......................
Middle Atlantic .....................
242
37
205
12
2
10
51
7
44
92
16
76
3
1
2
84
11
73
371
53
318
44
2
42
68
10
58
16
1
15
40
6
34
108
16
92
17
3
14
78
15
63
Midwest ................................
East North Central ...............
West North Central ..............
243
199
44
22
18
4
52
44
8
67
56
11
8
7
1
94
74
20
393
323
70
26
23
3
55
45
10
16
14
2
54
43
11
124
103
21
29
24
5
89
71
18
South ....................................
South Atlantic ......................
East South Central ..............
West South Central .............
841
494
153
194
89
50
17
22
185
113
29
43
214
138
38
38
39
18
7
14
314
175
62
77
1,046
598
198
250
89
47
19
24
142
78
26
38
36
24
6
6
102
61
23
18
332
181
70
80
80
53
9
17
265
154
45
67
West .....................................
Mountain ..............................
Pacific ..................................
140
18
122
10
1
9
30
3
27
48
7
42
3
49
7
42
184
31
152
15
2
13
19
3
16
5
1
4
24
6
18
57
9
48
11
1
11
53
9
42
Black
(3)
2
1 Includes seasonal work, job started or ended, own illness, child-care
problems, other family or personal obligations, labor dispute, in school or training,
civic or military duty, and all other reasons.
2 Includes seasonal work, health and medical limitations, full-time workweek
less than 35 hours, and all other reasons.
3 Less than 500 persons.
NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding.
33
Table 9. Census regions and divisions: Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at
work, 1998 annual averages
(In thousands)
Population group and area
Total
Vacation
Child-care
problems1
Own illness
Other reasons2
TOTAL
Northeast ............................................................................
New England .....................................................................
Middle Atlantic ...................................................................
1,132
321
811
662
194
468
106
33
74
223
56
167
141
38
102
Midwest ..............................................................................
East North Central .............................................................
West North Central ............................................................
1,368
988
380
746
550
196
140
95
45
263
199
64
219
144
75
South ..................................................................................
South Atlantic ....................................................................
East South Central ............................................................
West South Central ...........................................................
1,856
961
335
560
974
520
165
289
202
104
38
60
387
201
70
116
293
136
62
95
West ...................................................................................
Mountain ............................................................................
Pacific ................................................................................
1,235
331
904
655
180
475
146
40
106
224
51
172
210
60
151
Northeast ............................................................................
New England .....................................................................
Middle Atlantic ...................................................................
482
140
342
291
86
205
14
4
9
106
27
79
71
23
49
Midwest ..............................................................................
East North Central .............................................................
West North Central ............................................................
577
424
154
333
252
81
17
10
7
122
91
30
105
71
36
South ..................................................................................
South Atlantic ....................................................................
East South Central ............................................................
West South Central ...........................................................
779
399
138
242
414
222
66
125
32
15
8
10
183
93
35
55
150
69
29
52
West ...................................................................................
Mountain ............................................................................
Pacific ................................................................................
552
146
406
312
83
229
22
7
15
106
23
83
112
33
79
Northeast ............................................................................
New England .....................................................................
Middle Atlantic ...................................................................
651
181
470
370
108
263
93
28
64
117
29
88
71
16
55
Midwest ..............................................................................
East North Central .............................................................
West North Central ............................................................
791
565
226
413
298
115
123
85
39
141
107
34
114
75
38
South ..................................................................................
South Atlantic ....................................................................
East South Central ............................................................
West South Central ...........................................................
1,076
562
197
318
560
298
99
163
170
90
30
51
204
108
35
61
142
66
33
43
West ...................................................................................
Mountain ............................................................................
Pacific ................................................................................
683
185
498
344
98
246
124
32
92
118
28
89
97
27
71
Men
Women
See footnotes at end of table.
34
Table 9. Census regions and divisions: Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at
work, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Population group and area
Total
Vacation
Child-care
problems1
Own illness
Other reasons2
White
Northeast ............................................................................
New England .....................................................................
Middle Atlantic ...................................................................
997
298
699
593
182
411
90
28
62
189
51
138
125
37
88
Midwest ..............................................................................
East North Central .............................................................
West North Central ............................................................
1,235
876
359
682
494
188
123
82
41
228
170
58
202
130
72
South ..................................................................................
South Atlantic ....................................................................
East South Central ............................................................
West South Central ...........................................................
1,489
757
271
461
810
427
137
246
157
81
28
48
289
148
54
88
233
101
52
79
West ...................................................................................
Mountain ............................................................................
Pacific ................................................................................
1,065
311
754
573
171
401
115
36
79
190
48
142
187
56
132
Northeast ............................................................................
New England .....................................................................
Middle Atlantic ...................................................................
104
16
89
49
8
42
13
4
9
29
3
26
13
1
12
Midwest ..............................................................................
East North Central .............................................................
West North Central ............................................................
105
91
14
47
43
5
13
10
3
32
27
5
13
11
1
South ..................................................................................
South Atlantic ....................................................................
East South Central ............................................................
West South Central ...........................................................
330
184
61
84
145
83
27
35
40
21
10
10
92
50
15
26
53
30
9
13
West ...................................................................................
Pacific ................................................................................
54
48
26
23
9
7
12
11
7
7
Northeast ............................................................................
New England .....................................................................
Middle Atlantic ...................................................................
68
11
58
39
6
33
15
3
13
8
1
6
6
1
6
Midwest ..............................................................................
East North Central .............................................................
37
30
17
14
9
8
4
4
7
4
South ..................................................................................
South Atlantic ....................................................................
West South Central ...........................................................
159
55
101
84
27
56
33
13
20
21
9
10
21
6
15
West ...................................................................................
Mountain ............................................................................
Pacific ................................................................................
190
44
146
89
20
69
49
10
38
20
6
15
32
8
24
Black
Hispanic origin
1 Includes maternity or paternity leave and other family obligations.
2 Includes labor dispute, bad weather, in school or training, civic or military
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of
rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
duty, and all other reasons.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
35
Table 10. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason
for unemployment, 1998 annual averages
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs1
Total unemployed
Population group and area
Number
(in thousands)
Percent
Total
On temporary
layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
TOTAL
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
1,215
250
965
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.7
53.2
48.9
15.6
18.4
14.9
9.7
12.0
9.1
31.9
28.0
33.0
8.6
6.8
9.0
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
1,240
908
332
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.1
47.5
42.2
17.6
18.1
16.3
12.7
12.2
13.9
34.7
33.4
38.3
6.5
6.8
5.7
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
2,113
1,004
364
745
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.5
44.5
41.8
40.1
10.5
10.5
12.4
9.5
13.3
13.3
13.2
13.3
34.9
33.8
35.7
36.0
9.3
8.4
9.1
10.7
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
1,650
383
1,267
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.6
41.3
46.9
14.4
15.1
14.2
10.8
14.1
9.9
35.2
38.1
34.2
8.4
6.3
9.0
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
654
144
510
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.0
61.8
55.5
17.7
20.1
17.1
9.0
9.0
9.0
25.5
22.2
26.3
8.4
6.2
9.0
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
671
492
179
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.1
55.7
49.7
21.0
22.0
18.4
12.4
12.2
12.8
27.3
25.6
31.3
6.3
6.3
6.1
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
1,044
497
176
370
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.8
50.9
46.0
47.6
12.0
11.9
14.8
10.8
12.4
11.1
13.1
13.8
30.0
30.4
30.7
28.9
8.8
7.6
10.2
9.7
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
902
202
700
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.0
48.0
51.9
15.1
17.8
14.4
10.8
12.9
10.1
29.9
33.2
29.1
8.3
6.4
8.9
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
561
106
455
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.4
40.6
41.3
13.2
15.1
12.5
10.3
15.1
9.2
39.6
35.8
40.2
8.9
7.5
9.2
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
569
416
153
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.6
37.7
33.3
13.5
13.5
13.7
13.0
12.3
15.0
43.6
42.5
46.4
6.9
7.5
5.2
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
1,069
507
187
375
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.3
38.3
38.0
32.8
8.9
9.1
9.6
8.3
14.2
15.6
13.4
12.8
39.7
37.1
40.6
42.7
9.7
9.1
8.0
11.5
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
748
181
567
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.2
33.7
40.7
13.6
12.2
13.9
11.0
15.5
9.5
41.3
44.2
40.4
8.6
6.6
9.2
Northeast ..............................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
195
152
100.0
100.0
17.4
16.4
6.7
7.2
5.1
3.9
45.1
46.1
32.3
32.9
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
267
191
76
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.4
16.2
13.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
6.4
5.8
7.9
55.1
53.4
59.2
23.2
24.6
19.7
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
438
176
76
186
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.2
13.6
10.5
14.0
3.0
3.4
2.6
3.2
9.1
6.2
10.5
11.3
45.0
47.2
46.1
42.5
32.4
33.5
31.6
32.3
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
307
91
215
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.0
16.5
15.3
6.8
6.6
7.0
6.2
9.9
4.7
47.2
52.7
45.6
30.6
20.9
34.4
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
See footnotes at end of table.
36
Table 10. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason
for unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs1
Total unemployed
Population group and area
Number
(in thousands)
Percent
Total
On temporary
layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
White
Northeast ..............................................................
New England .......................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
887
218
669
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.2
54.6
51.4
18.3
19.7
17.9
10.9
11.9
10.6
29.7
27.5
30.3
7.2
5.5
7.6
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
West North Central ..............................................
959
685
275
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.4
48.3
45.1
19.9
20.6
18.2
14.1
14.0
13.8
32.4
31.1
35.6
6.2
6.6
5.1
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
1,308
578
232
498
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.0
46.5
42.2
41.8
11.9
11.9
14.2
10.8
14.4
14.7
14.2
14.1
33.6
31.7
34.9
34.9
8.0
7.1
8.2
9.2
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
1,335
345
990
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.9
42.0
48.6
15.6
15.7
15.6
11.1
13.9
10.0
34.2
37.7
32.9
7.9
6.4
8.5
Northeast ..............................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
290
262
100.0
100.0
43.1
42.7
8.3
8.0
6.2
5.7
38.6
39.7
12.4
11.8
Midwest ................................................................
East North Central ...............................................
247
202
100.0
100.0
41.7
44.6
8.9
9.9
7.3
5.9
43.7
42.1
7.3
7.4
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
East South Central ..............................................
West South Central .............................................
751
399
130
221
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.5
42.4
41.5
37.1
7.9
8.0
9.2
7.2
11.5
11.3
10.8
12.2
36.9
36.3
36.9
38.0
11.2
10.3
10.8
13.1
West .....................................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
141
125
100.0
100.0
39.0
40.0
7.8
7.2
7.8
6.4
44.0
44.0
9.2
9.6
Northeast ..............................................................
Middle Atlantic .....................................................
170
151
100.0
100.0
44.7
45.0
9.4
9.3
10.0
9.3
37.1
39.1
8.8
6.6
Midwest ................................................................
65
100.0
43.1
18.5
10.8
35.4
9.2
South ....................................................................
South Atlantic ......................................................
West South Central .............................................
287
93
188
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.9
55.9
39.9
9.8
8.6
10.1
11.1
9.7
11.7
32.4
25.8
35.6
11.5
8.6
13.3
West .....................................................................
Mountain ..............................................................
Pacific ..................................................................
507
104
402
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.3
41.3
49.0
17.8
18.3
17.7
7.7
11.5
6.7
33.3
38.5
32.1
11.6
8.7
12.4
Black
Hispanic origin
1 Formerly called "job losers".
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of
rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
37
Table 11. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration
of unemployment, 1998 annual averages
Total unemployed
Population group and area
Number
(in thousands)
Percent
15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
27 weeks and over
Total
15 to 26
weeks
Total
27 to 51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
TOTAL
Northeast ..................................................................
New England ...........................................................
Middle Atlantic .........................................................
1,215
250
965
100.0
100.0
100.0
35.6
38.4
34.7
31.9
35.2
31.1
32.4
26.0
34.2
14.0
13.2
14.3
18.4
12.8
19.9
7.2
7.2
7.3
11.3
5.6
12.6
Midwest ....................................................................
East North Central ...................................................
West North Central ..................................................
1,240
908
332
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.5
45.0
46.7
32.3
32.6
31.3
22.3
22.5
22.0
11.7
11.3
12.7
10.6
11.1
9.0
4.4
4.4
4.2
6.3
6.7
4.8
South ........................................................................
South Atlantic ..........................................................
East South Central ..................................................
West South Central .................................................
2,113
1,004
364
745
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.7
42.6
43.1
45.4
31.8
31.0
31.9
32.8
24.5
26.3
25.0
21.9
11.6
12.4
12.1
10.5
12.9
14.0
12.9
11.4
6.3
7.3
6.0
5.2
6.6
6.7
7.1
6.2
West .........................................................................
Mountain ..................................................................
Pacific ......................................................................
1,650
383
1,267
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.7
50.4
40.4
29.9
28.7
30.2
27.3
20.9
29.4
12.3
9.9
12.9
15.0
10.7
16.3
6.3
4.4
6.9
8.7
6.3
9.5
Northeast ..................................................................
New England ...........................................................
Middle Atlantic .........................................................
654
144
510
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.8
36.1
33.1
32.0
34.7
31.0
34.3
29.2
35.7
14.1
13.9
14.1
20.0
14.6
21.6
8.0
8.3
7.8
12.2
6.2
13.7
Midwest ....................................................................
East North Central ...................................................
West North Central ..................................................
671
492
179
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.5
44.9
46.9
32.5
33.1
30.7
22.1
22.0
21.8
10.7
10.4
11.7
11.2
11.6
10.1
4.3
3.9
5.0
7.0
7.7
5.0
South ........................................................................
South Atlantic ..........................................................
East South Central ..................................................
West South Central .................................................
1,044
497
176
370
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.0
42.7
39.8
45.1
31.9
30.8
31.8
33.2
25.1
26.6
28.4
21.6
11.9
12.9
13.1
9.7
13.2
13.5
15.3
11.9
6.5
7.4
6.2
5.4
6.7
6.0
9.1
6.5
West .........................................................................
Mountain ..................................................................
Pacific ......................................................................
902
202
700
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.8
49.0
38.4
30.0
28.2
30.6
29.2
22.3
31.0
12.2
10.4
12.9
16.9
12.4
18.1
7.0
4.0
7.7
10.0
8.4
10.4
Northeast ..................................................................
New England ...........................................................
Middle Atlantic .........................................................
561
106
455
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.6
42.5
36.5
32.1
35.8
31.2
30.5
21.7
32.5
13.9
11.3
14.5
16.6
10.4
18.0
6.4
5.7
6.6
10.2
4.7
11.4
Midwest ....................................................................
East North Central ...................................................
West North Central ..................................................
569
416
153
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.5
45.2
46.4
32.0
32.0
32.0
22.7
22.8
21.6
12.8
12.5
13.7
9.8
10.6
7.8
4.4
4.8
3.3
5.4
5.8
4.6
South ........................................................................
South Atlantic ..........................................................
East South Central ..................................................
West South Central .................................................
1,069
507
187
375
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.3
42.6
46.5
45.6
31.7
31.2
32.1
32.3
23.9
26.2
21.9
22.1
11.4
11.6
10.7
11.2
12.5
14.4
11.2
10.9
6.2
7.1
5.3
5.1
6.5
7.3
5.3
5.6
West .........................................................................
Mountain ..................................................................
Pacific ......................................................................
748
181
567
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.1
51.9
42.9
29.7
29.3
29.8
25.3
18.8
27.2
12.3
9.9
13.2
12.8
8.8
14.1
5.5
5.0
5.8
7.4
3.9
8.3
Northeast ..................................................................
Middle Atlantic .........................................................
195
152
100.0
100.0
46.2
46.1
34.9
32.9
19.0
21.1
10.3
10.5
8.7
10.5
4.1
5.3
4.6
5.9
Midwest ....................................................................
East North Central ...................................................
West North Central ..................................................
267
191
76
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.9
53.9
55.3
33.0
33.0
32.9
13.1
13.1
11.8
7.5
7.9
6.6
5.6
5.8
5.3
1.9
1.6
2.6
3.7
3.7
2.6
South ........................................................................
South Atlantic ..........................................................
East South Central ..................................................
438
176
76
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.2
51.1
46.1
34.7
31.8
35.5
15.1
17.0
19.7
7.5
8.0
9.2
7.5
9.1
9.2
4.1
5.1
5.3
3.4
4.0
3.9
Men
Women
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
See footnotes at end of table.
38
Table 11. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration
of unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Total unemployed
Population group and area
Number
(in thousands)
Percent
15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
27 weeks and over
Total
15 to 26
weeks
Total
27 to 51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued
West South Central .................................................
186
100.0
51.1
37.1
11.3
5.9
5.4
2.7
2.7
West .........................................................................
Mountain ..................................................................
Pacific ......................................................................
307
91
215
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.8
58.2
50.7
30.3
28.6
31.2
16.6
12.1
18.6
9.1
7.7
9.8
7.8
4.4
8.8
3.9
2.2
4.7
3.9
2.2
4.7
Northeast ..................................................................
New England ...........................................................
Middle Atlantic .........................................................
887
218
669
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.6
39.4
38.3
31.9
34.9
30.9
29.5
25.7
30.8
13.9
12.8
14.1
15.7
12.4
16.7
7.0
6.9
7.0
8.7
5.5
9.7
Midwest ....................................................................
East North Central ...................................................
West North Central ..................................................
959
685
275
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.3
48.0
48.7
31.9
32.3
30.9
19.8
19.7
20.0
10.8
10.5
11.6
9.0
9.2
8.4
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.9
5.0
4.4
South ........................................................................
South Atlantic ..........................................................
East South Central ..................................................
West South Central .................................................
1,308
578
232
498
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.9
47.8
46.1
48.8
31.0
29.1
31.5
32.9
21.1
23.2
22.0
18.1
10.7
11.4
11.2
9.6
10.4
11.9
10.8
8.4
4.9
5.5
4.7
4.2
5.5
6.4
6.0
4.2
West .........................................................................
Mountain ..................................................................
Pacific ......................................................................
1,335
345
990
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.3
51.0
42.0
30.1
29.0
30.5
25.5
20.0
27.5
12.0
9.6
12.8
13.6
10.1
14.7
5.6
4.3
6.1
7.9
5.8
8.6
Northeast ..................................................................
Middle Atlantic .........................................................
290
262
100.0
100.0
25.9
25.6
32.4
31.7
41.7
43.1
14.5
14.5
27.2
28.2
8.3
8.0
19.0
20.2
Midwest ....................................................................
East North Central ...................................................
247
202
100.0
100.0
35.2
35.1
34.0
34.7
30.8
30.2
15.4
13.9
15.4
16.3
4.9
5.0
10.5
11.4
South ........................................................................
South Atlantic ..........................................................
East South Central ..................................................
West South Central .................................................
751
399
130
221
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.1
35.3
37.7
37.1
33.2
33.6
32.3
33.0
30.6
31.1
30.8
30.3
13.2
14.0
13.1
11.8
17.4
17.3
16.9
18.1
8.9
10.0
7.7
7.7
8.5
7.3
9.2
10.4
West .........................................................................
Pacific ......................................................................
141
125
100.0
100.0
31.9
30.4
27.7
28.0
40.4
41.6
13.5
13.6
27.0
28.0
12.1
13.6
14.2
15.2
Northeast ..................................................................
Middle Atlantic .........................................................
170
151
100.0
100.0
33.5
33.1
32.4
31.1
34.1
35.1
13.5
13.2
20.6
22.5
8.8
9.3
11.8
12.6
Midwest ....................................................................
65
100.0
47.7
35.4
16.9
7.7
9.2
4.6
4.6
South ........................................................................
South Atlantic ..........................................................
West South Central .................................................
287
93
188
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.6
41.9
47.9
32.8
31.2
33.0
21.6
25.8
19.1
10.8
12.9
9.6
10.8
12.9
9.6
5.6
6.5
5.3
5.2
6.5
4.3
West .........................................................................
Mountain ..................................................................
Pacific ......................................................................
507
104
402
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.8
48.1
41.5
29.4
28.8
29.6
27.8
24.0
29.1
13.4
11.5
13.9
14.4
12.5
14.9
6.7
4.8
7.2
7.5
7.7
7.7
White
Black
Hispanic origin
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of
rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are
included in both the white and black population groups.
39
Section ll. Estimates for States
41
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Employment
Unemployment
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
205,220
98,758
106,462
15,644
137,673
73,959
63,714
8,256
67.1
74.9
59.8
52.8
131,463
70,693
60,771
7,051
64.1
71.6
57.1
45.1
6,210
3,266
2,944
1,205
4.5
4.4
4.6
14.6
4.4
4.3
4.5
14.1
-
4.6
4.5
4.7
15.1
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
171,478
83,352
88,126
12,439
115,415
63,034
52,380
6,965
67.3
75.6
59.4
56.0
110,931
60,604
50,327
6,089
64.7
72.7
57.1
49.0
4,484
2,431
2,053
876
3.9
3.9
3.9
12.6
3.8
3.8
3.8
12.1
-
4.0
4.0
4.0
13.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
24,373
10,927
13,446
2,443
15,982
7,542
8,441
1,017
65.6
69.0
62.8
41.6
14,556
6,871
7,685
736
59.7
62.9
57.2
30.1
1,426
671
756
281
8.9
8.9
9.0
27.6
8.6
8.5
8.6
26.1
-
9.2
9.3
9.4
29.1
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
21,070
10,734
10,335
2,204
14,317
8,571
5,746
1,007
67.9
79.8
55.6
45.7
13,291
8,018
5,273
793
63.1
74.7
51.0
36.0
1,026
552
473
214
7.2
6.4
8.2
21.3
6.9
6.1
7.8
19.8
-
7.5
6.7
8.6
22.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
3,356
1,610
1,746
270
2,153
1,159
994
138
64.2
72.0
56.9
51.1
2,062
1,119
943
120
61.4
69.5
54.0
44.4
91
40
51
18
4.2
3.4
5.1
13.0
3.7
2.7
4.2
9.8
-
4.7
4.1
6.0
16.2
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,468
1,205
1,263
182
1,609
889
720
102
65.2
73.8
57.0
56.0
1,563
867
696
92
63.3
72.0
55.1
50.5
46
23
24
10
2.9
2.5
3.3
9.9
2.4
1.9
2.5
6.4
-
3.4
3.1
4.1
13.4
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
853
390
463
517
257
260
60.6
65.9
56.2
473
240
234
55.5
61.5
50.5
43
17
26
8.4
6.6
10.2
6.9
4.7
8.1
-
9.9
8.5
12.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
427
213
214
38
317
172
145
19
74.2
80.8
67.8
50.0
299
161
137
16
70.0
75.6
64.0
42.1
18
11
8
3
5.8
6.2
5.3
17.4
5.2
5.4
4.5
15.2
-
6.4
7.0
6.1
19.6
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
342
174
168
29
259
143
116
15
75.7
82.2
69.0
51.7
246
135
111
13
71.9
77.6
66.1
44.8
13
8
5
2
5.1
5.6
4.5
15.1
4.4
4.7
3.6
12.1
-
5.8
6.5
5.4
18.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
14
7
7
10
6
5
71.4
85.7
71.4
10
5
4
71.4
71.4
57.1
(2)
(2)
1
6.7
5.8
7.7
4.3
(3)
(3)
-
9.1
(3)
(3)
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
11
5
7
5
63.6
100.0
7
4
63.6
80.0
(2)
(2)
4.4
5.4
(3)
(3)
-
(3)
(3)
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
3,525
1,698
1,827
299
2,272
1,240
1,032
154
64.5
73.0
56.5
51.5
2,178
1,193
985
129
61.8
70.3
53.9
43.1
94
47
47
25
4.1
3.8
4.5
16.5
3.6
3.1
3.7
13.3
-
4.6
4.5
5.3
19.7
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,249
1,579
1,669
268
2,096
1,156
940
142
64.5
73.2
56.3
53.0
2,010
1,112
898
118
61.9
70.4
53.8
44.0
86
43
43
24
4.1
3.8
4.5
16.8
3.6
3.1
3.7
13.5
-
4.6
4.5
5.3
20.1
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
UNITED STATES
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
See footnotes at end of table.
44
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Arizona–Continued
Black ..............................................................................
121
80
66.1
75
62.0
5
6.1
3.2
-
9.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
876
443
433
576
341
234
65.8
77.0
54.0
535
320
214
61.1
72.2
49.4
41
21
20
7.1
6.1
8.5
5.4
4.1
5.8
-
8.8
8.1
11.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,941
926
1,015
144
1,215
638
578
74
62.6
68.9
56.9
51.4
1,148
603
546
60
59.1
65.1
53.8
41.7
67
35
32
14
5.5
5.5
5.6
19.2
4.9
4.6
4.7
15.0
-
6.1
6.4
6.5
23.4
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,594
765
829
105
1,011
538
473
58
63.4
70.3
57.1
55.2
972
518
454
51
61.0
67.7
54.8
48.6
39
20
19
7
3.8
3.7
4.0
11.7
3.2
2.9
3.1
7.8
-
4.4
4.5
4.9
15.6
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
321
151
170
186
91
94
57.9
60.3
55.3
158
77
81
49.2
51.0
47.6
28
15
13
14.9
15.9
13.9
12.3
12.4
10.3
-
17.5
19.4
17.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
24,559
12,115
12,444
1,897
16,329
9,100
7,229
859
66.5
75.1
58.1
45.3
15,361
8,565
6,796
700
62.5
70.7
54.6
36.9
969
535
433
159
5.9
5.9
6.0
18.5
5.6
5.5
5.6
16.7
-
6.2
6.3
6.4
20.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
19,671
9,810
9,862
1,500
13,144
7,470
5,674
737
66.8
76.1
57.5
49.1
12,394
7,051
5,343
607
63.0
71.9
54.2
40.5
750
419
332
129
5.7
5.6
5.8
17.6
5.4
5.2
5.4
15.7
-
6.0
6.0
6.2
19.5
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
1,666
783
883
1,099
536
563
66.0
68.5
63.8
987
483
504
59.2
61.7
57.1
112
53
59
10.2
9.9
10.4
9.0
8.1
8.8
-
11.4
11.7
12.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
6,569
3,392
3,177
730
4,515
2,739
1,776
323
68.7
80.7
55.9
44.2
4,130
2,521
1,609
246
62.9
74.3
50.6
33.7
385
218
166
77
8.5
8.0
9.4
23.8
7.9
7.3
8.5
20.7
-
9.1
8.7
10.3
26.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
3,016
1,489
1,527
205
2,246
1,206
1,040
132
74.5
81.0
68.1
64.4
2,159
1,161
998
110
71.6
78.0
65.4
53.7
86
45
42
21
3.8
3.7
4.0
16.1
3.3
3.1
3.3
13.3
-
4.3
4.3
4.7
18.9
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,813
1,393
1,421
184
2,109
1,133
976
121
75.0
81.3
68.7
65.8
2,031
1,094
937
102
72.2
78.5
65.9
55.4
78
39
39
19
3.7
3.5
4.0
15.8
3.2
2.8
3.3
12.9
-
4.2
4.2
4.7
18.7
Black ..............................................................................
87
62
71.3
57
65.5
5
7.3
4.1
-
10.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
407
222
185
296
183
113
72.7
82.4
61.1
281
176
105
69.0
79.3
56.8
15
8
8
5.2
4.1
6.9
3.8
2.5
4.4
-
6.6
5.7
9.4
2,530
1,224
1,306
1,709
906
803
67.5
74.0
61.5
1,652
872
780
65.3
71.2
59.7
57
35
23
3.4
3.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
2.1
-
3.9
4.6
3.5
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
45
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Connecticut–Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
168
88
52.4
78
46.4
10
11.4
7.7
-
15.1
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,226
1,088
1,138
136
1,497
803
694
75
67.3
73.8
61.0
55.1
1,452
775
677
67
65.2
71.2
59.5
49.3
45
29
16
7
3.0
3.6
2.3
10.0
2.5
2.8
1.6
5.9
-
3.5
4.4
3.0
14.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
268
117
151
186
86
100
69.4
73.5
66.2
174
80
93
64.9
68.4
61.6
12
6
6
6.7
7.2
6.3
4.6
3.9
3.4
-
8.8
10.5
9.2
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
201
97
103
140
71
69
69.7
73.2
67.0
132
66
66
65.7
68.0
64.1
8
5
2
5.6
7.6
3.5
3.4
3.8
.6
-
7.8
11.4
6.4
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
574
277
297
43
392
207
185
26
68.3
74.7
62.3
60.5
377
199
178
23
65.7
71.8
59.9
53.5
15
8
7
3
3.8
3.7
3.9
11.1
3.3
3.0
3.1
7.9
-
4.3
4.4
4.7
14.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
448
218
230
30
302
161
141
19
67.4
73.9
61.3
63.3
293
156
137
17
65.4
71.6
59.6
56.7
9
5
4
2
2.9
3.0
2.8
10.1
2.4
2.3
2.0
6.5
-
3.4
3.7
3.6
13.7
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
111
52
60
80
40
39
72.1
76.9
65.0
74
38
36
66.7
73.1
60.0
5
2
3
6.7
5.7
7.7
5.1
3.5
5.4
-
8.3
7.9
10.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
20
15
75.0
14
70.0
1
7.2
3.4
-
11.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
414
190
224
23
267
130
137
9
64.5
68.4
61.2
39.1
244
120
123
6
58.9
63.2
54.9
26.1
24
10
14
3
8.8
7.6
10.0
37.3
8.0
6.5
8.8
31.4
-
9.6
8.7
11.2
43.2
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
138
69
69
106
56
50
76.8
81.2
72.5
102
54
48
73.9
78.3
69.6
4
2
2
3.6
3.6
3.7
2.7
2.4
2.5
-
4.5
4.8
4.9
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
266
117
149
20
154
71
83
7
57.9
60.7
55.7
35.0
135
63
71
4
50.8
53.8
47.7
20.0
19
8
12
3
12.6
11.0
14.0
40.0
11.3
9.3
12.3
34.7
-
13.9
12.7
15.7
45.3
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
21
11
10
16
10
7
76.2
90.9
70.0
16
9
6
76.2
81.8
60.0
1
4.2
2.8
6.4
2.3
(3)
(3)
-
6.1
(3)
(3)
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
11,610
5,496
6,114
745
7,228
3,858
3,370
387
62.3
70.2
55.1
51.9
6,918
3,703
3,215
342
59.6
67.4
52.6
45.9
310
155
155
45
4.3
4.0
4.6
11.7
4.0
3.6
4.2
10.0
-
4.6
4.4
5.0
13.4
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
9,834
4,688
5,146
580
5,985
3,254
2,730
324
60.9
69.4
53.1
55.9
5,763
3,140
2,622
290
58.6
67.0
51.0
50.0
222
114
108
34
3.7
3.5
4.0
10.6
3.4
3.1
3.6
8.8
-
4.0
3.9
4.4
12.4
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
1,519
676
1,064
497
70.0
73.5
986
460
64.9
68.0
79
37
7.4
7.4
6.5
6.1
-
8.3
8.7
Delaware
District of Columbia
(2)
(2)
Florida
See footnotes at end of table.
46
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Florida–Continued
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
843
147
567
57
67.3
38.8
525
47
62.3
32.0
42
10
7.4
16.9
6.2
12.2
-
8.6
21.6
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,855
908
947
123
1,232
709
523
62
66.4
78.1
55.2
50.4
1,158
675
484
54
62.4
74.3
51.1
43.9
74
34
39
9
6.0
4.8
7.5
14.0
5.2
3.9
6.2
9.4
-
6.8
5.7
8.8
18.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
5,758
2,706
3,052
450
4,021
2,094
1,927
223
69.8
77.4
63.1
49.6
3,852
2,010
1,842
184
66.9
74.3
60.4
40.9
169
84
85
39
4.2
4.0
4.4
17.5
3.7
3.4
3.7
14.1
-
4.7
4.6
5.1
20.9
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,921
1,924
1,997
261
2,726
1,512
1,214
146
69.5
78.6
60.8
55.9
2,659
1,476
1,182
132
67.8
76.7
59.2
50.6
67
35
32
14
2.5
2.3
2.6
9.6
2.0
1.7
1.9
6.1
-
3.0
2.9
3.3
13.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
1,757
747
1,010
1,238
555
683
70.5
74.3
67.6
1,137
507
630
64.7
67.9
62.4
101
48
53
8.2
8.7
7.8
7.1
7.0
6.3
-
9.3
10.4
9.3
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
135
103
76.3
101
74.8
2
2.2
(3)
-
(3)
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
886
410
476
56
597
296
301
21
67.4
72.2
63.2
37.5
560
277
282
16
63.2
67.6
59.2
28.6
37
19
18
5
6.2
6.4
6.1
25.2
5.5
5.4
5.1
18.9
-
6.9
7.4
7.1
31.5
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
228
114
114
155
86
69
68.0
75.4
60.5
145
80
65
63.6
70.2
57.0
11
7
4
6.9
7.8
5.9
5.5
5.8
3.8
-
8.3
9.8
8.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
25
18
72.0
16
64.0
1
7.8
2.6
-
13.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
917
462
455
87
653
365
288
55
71.2
79.0
63.3
63.2
620
346
274
48
67.6
74.9
60.2
55.2
33
19
14
7
5.0
5.2
4.8
12.7
4.4
4.4
4.0
10.1
-
5.6
6.0
5.6
15.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
896
451
445
85
637
357
280
54
71.1
79.2
62.9
63.5
605
339
266
47
67.5
75.2
59.8
55.3
32
18
13
7
5.0
5.1
4.8
12.5
4.4
4.3
4.0
9.9
-
5.6
5.9
5.6
15.1
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
89
49
40
64
40
24
71.9
81.6
60.0
57
36
22
64.0
73.5
55.0
7
5
2
10.9
11.8
9.2
8.4
8.7
5.0
-
13.4
14.9
13.4
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
9,082
4,337
4,745
698
6,223
3,307
2,916
387
68.5
76.3
61.5
55.4
5,946
3,160
2,786
338
65.5
72.9
58.7
48.4
277
147
131
48
4.5
4.4
4.5
12.5
4.2
4.0
4.0
10.5
-
4.8
4.8
5.0
14.5
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
7,493
3,617
3,876
543
5,206
2,824
2,382
326
69.5
78.1
61.5
60.0
5,012
2,715
2,297
290
66.9
75.1
59.3
53.4
194
109
85
36
3.7
3.9
3.6
11.0
3.4
3.4
3.1
9.0
-
4.0
4.4
4.1
13.0
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
See footnotes at end of table.
47
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Illinois–Continued
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
1,274
566
707
794
358
436
62.3
63.3
61.7
720
326
393
56.5
57.6
55.6
75
32
43
9.4
8.9
9.8
8.2
7.1
8.2
-
10.6
10.7
11.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
785
432
354
562
368
194
71.6
85.2
54.8
529
343
185
67.4
79.4
52.3
34
25
9
6.0
6.7
4.6
4.8
5.2
2.9
-
7.2
8.2
6.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
4,481
2,128
2,353
347
3,088
1,642
1,447
201
68.9
77.2
61.5
57.9
2,993
1,592
1,400
185
66.8
74.8
59.5
53.3
96
49
46
16
3.1
3.0
3.2
8.2
2.6
2.4
2.5
5.5
-
3.6
3.6
3.9
10.9
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
4,110
1,964
2,146
305
2,848
1,532
1,316
187
69.3
78.0
61.3
61.3
2,765
1,489
1,277
172
67.3
75.8
59.5
56.4
83
44
39
15
2.9
2.8
3.0
8.0
2.4
2.2
2.3
5.3
-
3.4
3.4
3.7
10.7
Black ..............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
302
177
202
116
66.9
65.5
190
110
62.9
62.1
12
6
5.8
5.6
3.6
2.6
-
8.0
8.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
2,181
1,066
1,115
158
1,570
838
732
110
72.0
78.6
65.7
69.6
1,526
816
710
102
70.0
76.5
63.7
64.6
43
21
22
8
2.8
2.6
3.0
7.5
2.4
2.0
2.3
4.9
-
3.2
3.2
3.7
10.1
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,113
1,033
1,080
148
1,517
811
706
105
71.8
78.5
65.4
70.9
1,476
790
686
97
69.9
76.5
63.5
65.5
41
21
20
8
2.7
2.6
2.8
7.4
2.3
2.0
2.2
4.9
-
3.1
3.2
3.4
9.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,962
951
1,011
175
1,411
749
662
111
71.9
78.8
65.5
63.4
1,357
723
634
99
69.2
76.0
62.7
56.6
54
26
28
12
3.8
3.5
4.2
10.6
3.3
2.8
3.4
8.0
-
4.3
4.2
5.0
13.2
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,775
868
907
148
1,278
685
593
97
72.0
78.9
65.4
65.5
1,236
663
573
88
69.6
76.4
63.2
59.5
43
22
21
9
3.3
3.2
3.5
9.4
2.8
2.5
2.7
6.7
-
3.8
3.9
4.3
12.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
127
55
72
88
40
48
69.3
72.7
66.7
78
36
42
61.4
65.5
58.3
10
4
6
11.4
9.6
12.9
8.0
5.5
8.0
-
14.8
13.7
17.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
83
51
61
44
73.5
86.3
58
42
69.9
82.4
3
2
4.7
3.8
2.2
1.3
-
7.2
6.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
3,020
1,434
1,586
225
1,924
1,031
893
119
63.7
71.9
56.3
52.9
1,835
986
849
99
60.8
68.8
53.5
44.0
89
45
43
20
4.6
4.4
4.9
16.7
4.0
3.6
4.1
13.8
-
5.2
5.2
5.7
19.6
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,800
1,338
1,462
193
1,789
967
822
109
63.9
72.3
56.2
56.5
1,711
926
785
92
61.1
69.2
53.7
47.7
78
41
37
17
4.4
4.2
4.5
15.2
3.8
3.4
3.7
12.2
-
5.0
5.0
5.3
18.2
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
See footnotes at end of table.
48
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Kentucky–Continued
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
195
89
106
117
58
59
60.0
65.2
55.7
106
54
53
54.4
60.7
50.0
11
4
6
9.2
7.4
10.9
6.2
3.5
6.2
-
12.2
11.3
15.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
3,274
1,574
1,700
304
2,063
1,100
963
132
63.0
69.9
56.6
43.4
1,945
1,042
903
100
59.4
66.2
53.1
32.9
118
58
59
32
5.7
5.3
6.2
24.0
5.1
4.5
5.3
20.6
-
6.3
6.1
7.1
27.4
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,230
1,111
1,120
181
1,419
792
626
89
63.6
71.3
55.9
49.2
1,364
763
601
72
61.2
68.7
53.7
39.8
54
29
25
17
3.8
3.7
4.0
19.6
3.2
2.9
3.1
15.3
-
4.4
4.5
4.9
23.9
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
977
431
546
115
599
281
318
41
61.3
65.2
58.2
35.7
536
253
283
27
54.9
58.7
51.8
23.5
63
29
34
14
10.5
10.2
10.7
33.8
9.1
8.2
8.8
29.2
-
11.9
12.2
12.6
38.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
70
48
68.6
47
67.1
1
2.0
(3)
-
(3)
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
980
479
501
67
651
343
308
38
66.4
71.6
61.5
56.7
622
328
294
33
63.5
68.5
58.7
49.3
29
15
14
5
4.4
4.4
4.4
13.7
3.8
3.6
3.6
9.9
-
5.0
5.2
5.2
17.5
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
969
475
494
67
644
341
303
38
66.5
71.8
61.3
56.7
616
326
290
32
63.6
68.6
58.7
47.8
28
15
13
5
4.4
4.4
4.3
13.7
3.8
3.6
3.4
9.9
-
5.0
5.2
5.2
17.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
3,941
1,898
2,043
255
2,756
1,448
1,308
133
69.9
76.3
64.0
52.2
2,631
1,380
1,250
113
66.8
72.7
61.2
44.3
125
68
57
20
4.6
4.7
4.4
15.0
4.0
3.9
3.6
11.0
-
5.2
5.5
5.2
19.0
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,773
1,342
1,431
163
1,917
1,034
883
90
69.1
77.0
61.7
55.2
1,854
1,006
849
80
66.9
75.0
59.3
49.1
62
28
34
9
3.3
2.7
3.9
10.4
2.7
2.0
3.0
5.9
-
3.9
3.4
4.8
14.9
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
1,000
479
521
730
354
375
73.0
73.9
72.0
670
316
354
67.0
66.0
67.9
60
38
22
8.2
10.8
5.8
6.8
8.6
4.2
-
9.6
13.0
7.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
161
125
77.6
116
72.0
8
6.7
3.6
-
9.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
4,750
2,309
2,441
305
3,273
1,727
1,547
173
68.9
74.8
63.4
56.7
3,164
1,661
1,504
158
66.6
71.9
61.6
51.8
109
66
43
15
3.3
3.8
2.8
8.8
3.0
3.3
2.3
6.6
-
3.6
4.3
3.3
11.0
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
4,402
2,134
2,268
279
3,053
1,608
1,446
162
69.4
75.4
63.8
58.1
2,958
1,550
1,408
149
67.2
72.6
62.1
53.4
96
58
38
13
3.1
3.6
2.6
8.1
2.8
3.1
2.1
5.9
-
3.4
4.1
3.1
10.3
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
See footnotes at end of table.
49
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Massachusetts–Continued
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
231
112
119
146
74
73
63.2
66.1
61.3
135
67
68
58.4
59.8
57.1
11
7
5
7.8
9.3
6.3
5.5
5.9
3.5
-
10.1
12.7
9.1
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
211
95
116
138
70
68
65.4
73.7
58.6
130
65
65
61.6
68.4
56.0
8
5
4
6.0
6.9
5.2
3.8
3.8
2.5
-
8.2
10.0
7.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
7,461
3,628
3,833
613
5,029
2,738
2,292
374
67.4
75.5
59.8
61.0
4,835
2,624
2,211
328
64.8
72.3
57.7
53.5
194
114
81
46
3.9
4.2
3.5
12.3
3.6
3.7
3.1
10.5
-
4.2
4.7
3.9
14.1
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
6,343
3,115
3,228
506
4,335
2,402
1,933
319
68.3
77.1
59.9
63.0
4,194
2,319
1,875
287
66.1
74.4
58.1
56.7
141
83
57
32
3.3
3.5
3.0
10.0
3.0
3.1
2.5
8.2
-
3.6
3.9
3.5
11.8
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
953
430
524
574
263
311
60.2
61.2
59.4
525
235
289
55.1
54.7
55.2
49
28
21
8.6
10.6
6.8
7.3
8.6
5.2
-
9.9
12.6
8.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
199
112
87
150
95
56
75.4
84.8
64.4
143
91
51
71.9
81.2
58.6
8
4
4
5.0
3.7
7.3
3.1
1.6
3.4
-
6.9
5.8
11.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
3,556
1,757
1,799
291
2,682
1,420
1,261
195
75.4
80.8
70.1
67.0
2,613
1,380
1,233
177
73.5
78.5
68.5
60.8
68
40
28
19
2.5
2.8
2.2
9.5
2.1
2.2
1.7
7.0
-
2.9
3.4
2.7
12.0
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,350
1,647
1,703
266
2,533
1,338
1,195
183
75.6
81.2
70.2
68.8
2,472
1,302
1,170
168
73.8
79.1
68.7
63.2
61
36
25
15
2.4
2.7
2.1
8.4
2.0
2.1
1.6
5.9
-
2.8
3.3
2.6
10.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
2,059
955
1,104
174
1,269
666
603
69
61.6
69.7
54.6
39.7
1,200
634
567
54
58.3
66.4
51.4
31.0
68
33
36
15
5.4
4.9
5.9
21.4
4.8
4.1
5.0
17.7
-
6.0
5.7
6.8
25.1
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,323
629
694
90
818
461
357
38
61.8
73.3
51.4
42.2
794
448
345
33
60.0
71.2
49.7
36.7
24
12
12
5
3.0
2.7
3.3
13.0
2.4
1.9
2.4
8.3
-
3.6
3.5
4.2
17.7
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
717
317
400
83
437
199
238
29
60.9
62.8
59.5
34.9
394
179
215
20
55.0
56.5
53.8
24.1
43
20
23
9
9.9
10.2
9.7
32.3
8.6
8.2
7.9
29.8
-
11.2
12.2
11.5
34.8
4,109
1,983
2,126
325
2,857
1,525
1,333
213
69.5
76.9
62.7
65.5
2,738
1,460
1,278
188
66.6
73.6
60.1
57.8
119
65
54
25
4.2
4.2
4.1
11.8
3.7
3.5
3.3
9.1
-
4.7
4.9
4.9
14.5
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
50
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Missouri–Continued
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,676
1,793
1,883
284
2,566
1,388
1,178
198
69.8
77.4
62.6
69.7
2,475
1,336
1,138
176
67.3
74.5
60.4
62.0
91
52
40
21
3.6
3.7
3.4
10.8
3.1
3.0
2.7
8.0
-
4.1
4.4
4.1
13.6
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
378
167
210
252
118
134
66.7
70.7
63.8
226
106
120
59.8
63.5
57.1
27
13
14
10.5
10.7
10.4
8.0
7.3
7.0
-
13.0
14.1
13.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
682
341
341
62
468
250
218
36
68.6
73.3
63.9
58.1
442
235
207
30
64.8
68.9
60.7
48.4
26
15
11
6
5.6
6.0
5.1
17.5
5.0
5.1
4.2
14.3
-
6.2
6.9
6.0
20.7
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
636
317
319
55
438
234
204
34
68.9
73.8
63.9
61.8
416
221
195
28
65.4
69.7
61.1
50.9
23
13
10
5
5.2
5.6
4.7
15.6
4.6
4.7
3.9
12.3
-
5.8
6.5
5.5
18.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
12
9
75.0
8
66.7
1
8.9
4.9
-
12.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,241
594
647
112
916
486
431
80
73.8
81.8
66.6
71.4
892
471
421
73
71.9
79.3
65.1
65.2
25
15
10
7
2.7
3.0
2.4
8.4
2.3
2.4
1.8
6.1
-
3.1
3.6
3.0
10.7
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,176
563
613
102
868
459
408
74
73.8
81.5
66.6
72.5
846
446
400
68
71.9
79.2
65.3
66.7
22
13
9
6
2.5
2.9
2.1
7.6
2.1
2.3
1.5
5.3
-
2.9
3.5
2.7
9.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,319
654
665
93
920
505
415
51
69.7
77.2
62.4
54.8
880
484
397
45
66.7
74.0
59.7
48.4
40
21
19
6
4.3
4.2
4.5
12.4
3.8
3.5
3.7
8.9
-
4.8
4.9
5.3
15.9
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,153
577
576
77
801
446
355
45
69.5
77.3
61.6
58.4
769
428
340
40
66.7
74.2
59.0
51.9
32
18
14
5
4.0
4.0
4.0
11.1
3.4
3.3
3.2
7.7
-
4.6
4.7
4.8
14.5
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
88
42
46
61
31
30
69.3
73.8
65.2
55
28
27
62.5
66.7
58.7
5
2
3
8.6
8.0
9.2
5.9
3.8
5.5
-
11.3
12.2
12.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
179
100
79
136
89
47
76.0
89.0
59.5
129
84
44
72.1
84.0
55.7
7
4
3
5.3
4.6
6.4
3.8
2.9
3.7
-
6.8
6.3
9.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
910
444
466
65
652
344
308
40
71.6
77.5
66.1
61.5
633
334
299
36
69.6
75.2
64.2
55.4
19
10
9
4
2.9
2.8
3.0
9.7
2.4
2.2
2.3
6.5
-
3.4
3.4
3.7
12.9
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
886
431
455
63
633
334
300
38
71.4
77.5
65.9
60.3
615
324
290
35
69.4
75.2
63.7
55.6
19
10
9
4
2.9
2.9
3.1
9.9
2.4
2.2
2.3
6.6
-
3.4
3.6
3.9
13.2
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
See footnotes at end of table.
51
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
New Jersey
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
6,248
2,958
3,290
464
4,155
2,209
1,946
214
66.5
74.7
59.1
46.1
3,963
2,106
1,857
181
63.4
71.2
56.4
39.0
192
103
89
32
4.6
4.6
4.6
15.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
12.7
-
5.0
5.1
5.1
17.7
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
5,009
2,380
2,628
347
3,323
1,792
1,530
163
66.3
75.3
58.2
47.0
3,190
1,720
1,470
143
63.7
72.3
55.9
41.2
133
72
61
20
4.0
4.0
4.0
12.5
3.6
3.5
3.5
9.8
-
4.4
4.5
4.5
15.2
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
939
425
514
93
619
288
331
41
65.9
67.8
64.4
44.1
566
260
305
29
60.3
61.2
59.3
31.2
53
27
26
12
8.6
9.5
7.9
29.1
7.4
7.7
6.3
22.6
-
9.8
11.3
9.5
35.6
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
676
321
356
469
254
216
69.4
79.1
60.7
437
235
202
64.6
73.2
56.7
32
18
14
6.8
7.3
6.3
5.6
5.5
4.6
-
8.0
9.1
8.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,295
632
663
113
831
449
382
51
64.2
71.0
57.6
45.1
780
420
360
41
60.2
66.5
54.3
36.3
51
29
23
10
6.2
6.4
5.9
20.4
5.5
5.5
5.0
16.7
-
6.9
7.3
6.8
24.1
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,136
556
580
98
733
401
332
47
64.5
72.1
57.2
48.0
688
376
312
37
60.6
67.6
53.8
37.8
45
25
20
9
6.2
6.2
6.1
20.1
5.5
5.3
5.1
16.2
-
6.9
7.1
7.1
24.0
Black ..............................................................................
21
16
76.2
15
71.4
1
4.4
1.3
-
7.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
498
247
251
57
318
180
138
27
63.9
72.9
55.0
47.4
290
163
127
21
58.2
66.0
50.6
36.8
28
17
11
6
8.8
9.4
8.1
22.3
7.5
7.7
6.3
17.0
-
10.1
11.1
9.9
27.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
14,037
6,641
7,396
1,043
8,870
4,741
4,130
423
63.2
71.4
55.8
40.6
8,372
4,483
3,889
345
59.6
67.5
52.6
33.1
498
257
241
78
5.6
5.4
5.8
18.5
5.3
5.0
5.4
16.7
-
5.9
5.8
6.2
20.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
11,031
5,278
5,754
769
7,004
3,808
3,196
333
63.5
72.1
55.5
43.3
6,684
3,640
3,044
281
60.6
69.0
52.9
36.5
320
167
153
52
4.6
4.4
4.8
15.7
4.3
4.0
4.4
13.7
-
4.9
4.8
5.2
17.7
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,237
983
1,255
226
1,363
640
723
78
60.9
65.1
57.6
34.5
1,207
564
643
54
54.0
57.4
51.2
23.9
156
76
80
24
11.4
11.9
11.1
30.5
10.5
10.6
9.9
27.0
-
12.3
13.2
12.3
34.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,037
971
1,066
193
1,209
701
508
59
59.4
72.2
47.7
30.6
1,101
651
450
46
54.1
67.0
42.2
23.8
108
50
58
12
8.9
7.1
11.4
21.1
8.0
6.1
9.9
15.9
-
9.8
8.1
12.9
26.3
5,680
2,735
2,945
407
3,794
2,031
1,763
199
66.8
74.3
59.9
48.9
3,663
1,968
1,695
180
64.5
72.0
57.6
44.2
131
63
68
19
3.5
3.1
3.9
9.6
3.1
2.6
3.3
7.2
-
3.9
3.6
4.5
12.0
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
52
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
North Carolina–Continued
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
4,302
2,103
2,199
293
2,859
1,566
1,292
153
66.5
74.5
58.8
52.2
2,789
1,532
1,257
144
64.8
72.8
57.2
49.1
70
34
36
10
2.5
2.2
2.8
6.4
2.1
1.7
2.2
4.1
-
2.9
2.7
3.4
8.7
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
1,202
549
653
814
400
413
67.7
72.9
63.2
757
374
383
63.0
68.1
58.7
56
26
30
6.9
6.5
7.3
5.9
5.0
5.9
-
7.9
8.0
8.7
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
145
91
111
83
76.6
91.2
108
81
74.5
89.0
3
1
2.9
1.8
1.1
(3)
-
4.7
(3)
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
480
233
247
43
347
180
167
28
72.3
77.3
67.6
65.1
336
175
161
26
70.0
75.1
65.2
60.5
11
6
5
2
3.2
3.2
3.2
7.2
2.7
2.6
2.5
5.0
-
3.7
3.8
3.9
9.4
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
456
222
234
40
333
173
159
26
73.0
77.9
67.9
65.0
324
169
156
25
71.1
76.1
66.7
62.5
9
5
4
2
2.6
2.8
2.4
6.3
2.2
2.2
1.8
4.4
-
3.0
3.4
3.0
8.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
8,561
4,081
4,480
637
5,678
3,001
2,677
367
66.3
73.5
59.8
57.6
5,437
2,868
2,569
315
63.5
70.3
57.3
49.5
242
133
108
52
4.3
4.4
4.0
14.2
4.0
3.9
3.5
12.4
-
4.6
4.9
4.5
16.0
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
7,515
3,605
3,910
534
4,996
2,669
2,326
321
66.5
74.0
59.5
60.1
4,808
2,563
2,245
281
64.0
71.1
57.4
52.6
188
106
82
41
3.8
4.0
3.5
12.7
3.5
3.5
3.0
10.8
-
4.1
4.5
4.0
14.6
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
917
405
512
588
273
315
64.1
67.4
61.5
539
249
290
58.8
61.5
56.6
49
24
25
8.3
8.9
7.8
7.0
7.0
6.1
-
9.6
10.8
9.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
105
69
77
52
73.3
75.4
72
48
68.6
69.6
6
4
7.2
8.2
3.9
3.6
-
10.5
12.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
2,521
1,208
1,313
206
1,627
874
753
102
64.5
72.4
57.3
49.5
1,554
838
716
88
61.6
69.4
54.5
42.7
74
37
37
13
4.5
4.2
4.9
13.1
3.9
3.5
4.0
9.6
-
5.1
4.9
5.8
16.6
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,106
1,015
1,091
168
1,366
743
623
85
64.9
73.2
57.1
50.6
1,317
717
600
75
62.5
70.6
55.0
44.6
49
26
23
10
3.6
3.5
3.6
11.2
3.0
2.8
2.8
7.8
-
4.2
4.2
4.4
14.6
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
217
96
120
140
67
73
64.5
69.8
60.8
126
60
66
58.1
62.5
55.0
14
6
7
9.7
9.4
10.0
7.3
5.5
6.6
-
12.1
13.3
13.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
75
51
68.0
48
64.0
3
5.0
2.0
-
8.0
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
See footnotes at end of table.
53
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Oregon
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
2,550
1,269
1,281
199
1,762
972
790
117
69.1
76.6
61.7
58.8
1,664
917
747
99
65.3
72.3
58.3
49.7
98
55
43
18
5.6
5.7
5.5
15.8
5.0
4.9
4.6
12.2
-
6.2
6.5
6.4
19.4
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,360
1,172
1,188
177
1,629
895
733
105
69.0
76.4
61.7
59.3
1,539
846
693
88
65.2
72.2
58.3
49.7
90
50
40
17
5.5
5.6
5.5
16.1
4.9
4.7
4.5
12.4
-
6.1
6.5
6.5
19.8
Black ..............................................................................
43
35
81.4
33
76.7
2
6.6
1.8
-
11.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
170
103
67
135
91
44
79.4
88.3
65.7
125
85
39
73.5
82.5
58.2
10
6
4
7.6
6.5
9.9
4.3
2.8
3.3
-
10.9
10.2
16.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
9,274
4,324
4,950
647
5,936
3,146
2,790
338
64.0
72.8
56.4
52.2
5,661
2,996
2,665
297
61.0
69.3
53.8
45.9
275
150
125
41
4.6
4.8
4.5
12.2
4.3
4.3
4.0
10.1
-
4.9
5.3
5.0
14.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
8,255
3,882
4,373
557
5,335
2,866
2,469
305
64.6
73.8
56.5
54.8
5,119
2,741
2,378
272
62.0
70.6
54.4
48.8
216
125
91
32
4.1
4.4
3.7
10.6
3.8
3.9
3.2
8.5
-
4.4
4.9
4.2
12.7
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
816
347
469
473
212
262
58.0
61.1
55.9
420
189
232
51.5
54.5
49.5
53
23
30
11.1
10.7
11.5
9.5
8.2
9.3
-
12.7
13.2
13.7
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
204
96
108
127
68
58
62.3
70.8
53.7
116
62
54
56.9
64.6
50.0
11
6
5
8.6
9.2
7.8
5.8
5.1
4.0
-
11.4
13.3
11.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
751
354
397
48
498
259
239
30
66.3
73.2
60.2
62.5
474
246
227
24
63.1
69.5
57.2
50.0
24
13
12
6
4.9
4.9
4.9
20.8
4.3
4.0
4.0
16.4
-
5.5
5.8
5.8
25.2
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
701
330
370
42
462
241
221
27
65.9
73.0
59.7
64.3
442
230
212
22
63.1
69.7
57.3
52.4
20
11
9
5
4.3
4.4
4.2
17.0
3.7
3.5
3.3
12.9
-
4.9
5.3
5.1
21.1
Black ..............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
34
19
25
13
73.5
68.4
22
11
64.7
57.9
4
2
14.2
17.9
10.3
10.9
-
18.1
24.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
41
19
22
30
16
14
73.2
84.2
63.6
27
15
12
65.9
78.9
54.5
3
1
2
10.0
8.8
11.5
6.5
3.4
6.8
-
13.5
14.2
16.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
2,942
1,352
1,590
223
1,959
1,003
955
111
66.6
74.2
60.1
49.8
1,884
969
915
97
64.0
71.7
57.5
43.5
75
34
40
14
3.8
3.4
4.2
12.7
3.3
2.7
3.4
9.1
-
4.3
4.1
5.0
16.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
2,142
1,013
1,130
144
1,440
761
680
77
67.2
75.1
60.2
53.5
1,408
746
662
71
65.7
73.6
58.6
49.3
32
15
18
6
2.3
2.0
2.6
7.3
1.8
1.4
1.9
3.9
-
2.8
2.6
3.3
10.7
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
See footnotes at end of table.
54
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
South Carolina–Continued
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
777
332
445
505
238
268
65.0
71.7
60.2
464
219
246
59.7
66.0
55.3
41
19
22
8.2
8.1
8.3
6.8
6.0
6.4
-
9.6
10.2
10.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
547
271
276
56
398
210
188
37
72.8
77.5
68.1
66.1
386
204
182
34
70.6
75.3
65.9
60.7
11
6
6
3
2.9
2.7
3.0
8.4
2.5
2.1
2.4
6.2
-
3.3
3.3
3.6
10.6
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
511
255
256
51
374
198
176
35
73.2
77.6
68.8
68.6
366
194
171
32
71.6
76.1
66.8
62.7
9
4
4
3
2.3
2.1
2.5
8.0
1.9
1.6
1.9
5.9
-
2.7
2.6
3.1
10.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
4,212
1,997
2,215
311
2,760
1,447
1,312
169
65.5
72.5
59.2
54.3
2,644
1,389
1,255
145
62.8
69.6
56.7
46.6
116
58
57
24
4.2
4.0
4.4
14.0
3.7
3.3
3.6
10.7
-
4.7
4.7
5.2
17.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,513
1,685
1,828
239
2,260
1,218
1,041
135
64.3
72.3
56.9
56.5
2,177
1,174
1,002
118
62.0
69.7
54.8
49.4
83
44
39
17
3.7
3.6
3.8
12.5
3.1
2.9
3.0
8.9
-
4.3
4.3
4.6
16.1
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
671
300
371
479
217
262
71.4
72.3
70.6
446
202
244
66.5
67.3
65.8
33
14
18
6.8
6.6
6.9
5.3
4.3
4.8
-
8.3
8.9
9.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
14,611
7,101
7,510
1,266
10,118
5,598
4,520
641
69.2
78.8
60.2
50.6
9,631
5,358
4,274
514
65.9
75.5
56.9
40.6
487
240
247
127
4.8
4.3
5.5
19.8
4.5
3.9
5.0
18.2
-
5.1
4.7
6.0
21.4
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
12,374
6,065
6,310
1,029
8,550
4,811
3,740
533
69.1
79.3
59.3
51.8
8,194
4,628
3,567
441
66.2
76.3
56.5
42.9
356
183
173
92
4.2
3.8
4.6
17.2
3.9
3.4
4.1
15.5
-
4.5
4.2
5.1
18.9
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,746
784
962
201
1,215
580
636
95
69.6
74.0
66.1
47.3
1,098
527
571
63
62.9
67.2
59.4
31.3
117
52
65
32
9.6
9.0
10.2
34.0
8.6
7.5
8.8
(3)
-
10.6
10.5
11.6
(3)
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
4,279
2,132
2,146
494
2,880
1,710
1,170
243
67.3
80.2
54.5
49.2
2,695
1,621
1,074
190
63.0
76.0
50.0
38.5
185
88
96
53
6.4
5.2
8.2
21.9
5.8
4.5
7.2
19.9
-
7.0
5.9
9.2
23.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,477
712
765
170
1,063
579
484
114
72.0
81.3
63.3
67.1
1,023
560
463
102
69.3
78.7
60.5
60.0
40
19
21
11
3.8
3.3
4.4
9.7
3.3
2.7
3.6
7.6
-
4.3
3.9
5.2
11.8
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,419
684
735
164
1,020
555
465
111
71.9
81.1
63.3
67.7
983
537
446
100
69.3
78.5
60.7
61.0
37
18
19
11
3.6
3.2
4.2
9.6
3.1
2.6
3.4
7.5
-
4.1
3.8
5.0
11.7
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
See footnotes at end of table.
55
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Number
Percent of
population
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Utah–Continued
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
87
47
66
39
75.9
83.0
62
37
71.3
78.7
4
3
6.0
6.5
3.7
3.7
-
8.3
9.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
461
222
239
32
330
172
158
20
71.6
77.5
66.1
62.5
319
167
153
18
69.2
75.2
64.0
56.2
11
6
6
2
3.4
3.3
3.5
11.1
2.9
2.6
2.8
7.5
-
3.9
4.0
4.2
14.7
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
452
217
235
31
324
169
156
20
71.7
77.9
66.4
64.5
314
163
150
18
69.5
75.1
63.8
58.1
11
5
5
2
3.2
3.1
3.4
10.6
2.7
2.4
2.6
7.2
-
3.7
3.8
4.2
14.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
5,159
2,479
2,680
353
3,488
1,876
1,612
184
67.6
75.7
60.1
52.1
3,386
1,834
1,553
161
65.6
74.0
57.9
45.6
102
42
59
23
2.9
2.3
3.7
12.4
2.5
1.8
3.0
9.5
-
3.3
2.8
4.4
15.3
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,953
1,938
2,016
247
2,680
1,475
1,205
132
67.8
76.1
59.8
53.4
2,618
1,447
1,172
120
66.2
74.7
58.1
48.6
62
28
34
12
2.3
1.9
2.8
8.8
1.9
1.4
2.1
5.6
-
2.7
2.4
3.5
12.0
Black ..............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
1,027
456
571
676
330
346
65.8
72.4
60.6
642
319
323
62.5
70.0
56.6
34
10
23
5.0
3.1
6.8
3.9
1.7
5.0
-
6.1
4.5
8.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
4,325
2,124
2,201
308
3,039
1,662
1,377
181
70.3
78.2
62.6
58.8
2,895
1,582
1,313
152
66.9
74.5
59.7
49.4
145
80
65
29
4.8
4.8
4.7
16.0
4.2
4.0
3.8
12.2
-
5.4
5.6
5.6
19.8
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,931
1,931
2,000
281
2,760
1,509
1,251
169
70.2
78.1
62.6
60.1
2,635
1,438
1,197
146
67.0
74.5
59.8
52.0
125
71
54
24
4.5
4.7
4.3
14.0
3.9
3.9
3.4
10.2
-
5.1
5.5
5.2
17.8
Black ..............................................................................
107
82
76.6
73
68.2
9
11.0
6.4
-
15.6
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
171
94
133
86
77.8
91.5
127
82
74.3
87.2
6
4
4.4
4.3
1.5
.9
-
7.3
7.7
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,452
687
765
105
800
434
366
46
55.1
63.2
47.8
43.8
747
401
346
37
51.4
58.4
45.2
35.2
53
33
20
9
6.6
7.6
5.5
20.4
5.9
6.7
4.6
17.0
-
7.3
8.5
6.4
23.8
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
1,403
666
737
100
771
420
351
44
55.0
63.1
47.6
44.0
722
389
333
36
51.5
58.4
45.2
36.0
50
31
19
8
6.4
7.4
5.3
18.7
5.7
6.5
4.4
15.3
-
7.1
8.3
6.2
22.1
Black ..............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
40
22
23
13
57.5
59.1
20
11
50.0
50.0
3
1
14.1
10.9
9.0
3.4
-
19.2
18.4
3,968
2,952
74.4
2,853
71.9
99
3.4
2.9
-
3.9
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Total ................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
56
Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Area and population group
Civilian noninstitutional
population
Civilian labor force
Employment
Number
Percent of
population
Number
Percent of
population
Unemployment
Number
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Wisconsin–Continued
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
1,953
2,015
292
1,561
1,391
216
79.9
69.0
74.0
1,511
1,341
188
77.4
66.6
64.4
49
50
28
3.2
3.6
13.0
2.6
2.9
10.2
-
3.8
4.3
15.8
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
3,690
1,835
1,855
260
2,762
1,474
1,288
197
74.9
80.3
69.4
75.8
2,683
1,434
1,249
176
72.7
78.1
67.3
67.7
79
40
39
21
2.9
2.7
3.0
10.8
2.4
2.1
2.3
8.0
-
3.4
3.3
3.7
13.6
Black ..............................................................................
177
117
66.1
100
56.5
17
14.7
11.1
-
18.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
367
182
185
39
258
141
117
24
70.3
77.5
63.2
61.5
246
134
111
20
67.0
73.6
60.0
51.3
12
7
6
3
4.8
4.8
4.7
14.7
4.2
4.0
3.9
11.5
-
5.4
5.6
5.5
17.9
White .............................................................................
Men ...............................................................................
Women .........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
354
176
179
38
250
137
113
23
70.6
77.8
63.1
60.5
238
130
108
20
67.2
73.9
60.3
52.6
12
7
5
3
4.8
4.8
4.8
14.7
4.2
4.0
3.9
11.6
-
5.4
5.6
5.7
17.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Men ...............................................................................
16
9
12
8
75.0
88.9
11
7
68.8
77.8
1
1
10.0
11.7
6.2
7.5
-
13.8
15.9
Wyoming
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which
means that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error
range constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value
based on a complete census of the population would be contained within these
error ranges.
2 Less than 500 persons.
3 Error ranges cannot be properly computed when the number of sample cases
is very small and/or the unemployment rate is low.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in
that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding.
Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the
"other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white
and black population groups. Data in tables 1-22 incorporate updated 1990
census-based population controls.
57
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual
averages
(In thousands)
Employed1
Population group and State
Total
35
hours
or
more
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
1 to 34 hours
Economic
reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time for
noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for Looking for
full-time
part-time
work
work
TOTAL
Alabama ....................................... 1,713
Alaska ...........................................
244
Arizona ......................................... 1,802
Arkansas .......................................
962
California ...................................... 12,467
Colorado ....................................... 1,776
Connecticut ................................... 1,337
Delaware ......................................
313
District of Columbia ......................
213
Florida ........................................... 5,863
1,437
197
1,548
817
10,590
1,496
1,129
266
180
5,092
24
5
19
21
201
22
7
3
2
68
192
27
182
93
1,215
198
142
32
24
495
59
16
52
30
461
60
59
11
7
207
349
54
377
187
2,894
383
315
65
31
1,055
35
10
41
18
444
26
37
8
6
125
294
40
310
157
2,274
330
259
53
22
854
20
5
25
12
175
27
19
4
2
76
75
15
70
57
777
60
(3)
12
21
257
16
3
25
10
192
26
(3)
3
2
53
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Idaho .............................................
Illinois ............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iowa ..............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky .......................................
Louisiana ......................................
Maine ............................................
3,295
450
488
4,886
2,455
1,225
1,088
1,541
1,650
492
2,829
371
409
4,152
2,087
1,039
918
1,294
1,391
403
42
8
11
45
23
15
13
20
27
10
312
52
50
500
254
129
122
162
165
60
113
19
18
188
91
41
35
65
66
20
557
110
132
1,060
538
302
268
295
295
130
47
23
15
94
36
20
20
34
43
16
472
78
108
892
468
264
233
236
232
106
37
9
8
74
34
18
15
25
20
8
134
32
25
226
(3)
(3)
42
71
98
21
35
5
8
52
(3)
(3)
12
18
20
8
Maryland .......................................
Massachusetts ..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
Montana ........................................
Nebraska ......................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ............................
2,272
2,517
3,882
2,035
1,042
2,277
335
712
750
507
1,906
2,101
3,332
1,709
893
1,904
276
609
656
427
20
19
49
23
17
27
7
8
10
4
264
293
346
237
91
267
37
75
58
57
82
103
155
64
41
78
14
20
26
19
359
648
953
579
159
462
107
180
130
126
39
46
93
39
22
38
16
11
16
9
292
560
799
502
128
396
83
159
106
109
28
41
61
38
8
28
7
10
8
8
98
86
143
(3)
57
100
19
(3)
31
(3)
28
23
51
(3)
11
19
7
(3)
8
(3)
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York ......................................
North Carolina ..............................
North Dakota ................................
Ohio ..............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon ..........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
3,303
621
6,853
3,150
265
4,406
1,285
1,313
4,551
381
2,807
527
5,817
2,707
223
3,761
1,087
1,092
3,861
305
24
9
55
45
5
45
15
23
43
4
344
64
679
299
28
411
138
145
474
53
128
21
302
99
9
190
45
53
173
19
661
159
1,519
513
71
1,031
269
350
1,111
93
66
23
211
46
8
83
26
46
125
10
553
125
1,202
433
59
880
223
280
923
76
42
11
106
35
5
68
20
25
62
7
150
42
397
108
9
181
60
78
210
18
42
9
101
23
2
60
14
21
65
6
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ................................
Tennessee ....................................
Texas ............................................
Utah ..............................................
Vermont ........................................
Virginia ..........................................
Washington ...................................
West Virginia ................................
Wisconsin .....................................
Wyoming .......................................
1,591
304
2,224
8,200
791
246
2,858
2,318
610
2,269
193
1,392
256
1,880
7,030
662
204
2,409
1,908
503
1,923
164
23
3
28
112
9
3
28
41
8
28
3
118
32
229
784
91
28
311
274
67
229
18
57
13
87
274
28
11
110
96
32
90
8
294
83
420
1,431
232
74
528
577
137
583
53
25
5
38
161
12
8
49
58
22
45
6
251
72
353
1,178
206
61
446
473
105
501
43
18
6
29
92
14
5
33
46
10
37
3
64
(3)
96
383
29
(3)
3
( )
113
42
73
9
10
(3)
19
104
11
(3)
3
( )
32
11
26
3
See footnotes at end of table.
58
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual
averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Population group and State
Total
35
hours
or
more
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
1 to 34 hours
Economic
reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time for
noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for Looking for
full-time
part-time
work
work
Men
Alabama .......................................
Alaska ...........................................
Arizona .........................................
Arkansas .......................................
California ......................................
Colorado .......................................
Connecticut ...................................
Delaware ......................................
District of Columbia ......................
Florida ...........................................
998
144
1,075
540
7,512
1,036
776
178
108
3,319
868
118
951
471
6,527
893
676
156
94
2,957
12
3
11
11
133
12
3
2
1
41
87
14
90
42
625
98
66
15
10
224
31
9
23
16
227
34
30
6
3
97
121
18
118
63
1,053
126
96
22
12
384
13
4
19
8
208
10
17
3
2
53
103
12
94
51
791
106
74
17
9
301
5
1
6
4
53
9
5
1
1
30
(3)
(3)
29
452
(3)
(3)
(3)
9
130
(3)
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Idaho .............................................
Illinois ............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iowa ..............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky .......................................
Louisiana ......................................
Maine ............................................
1,850
242
306
2,816
1,432
718
635
891
947
287
1,629
203
262
2,452
1,259
627
550
777
820
242
29
5
7
29
13
9
7
11
15
6
144
26
27
241
115
63
61
76
78
28
49
9
11
95
46
19
17
28
35
11
160
35
40
344
160
98
88
95
94
41
17
9
6
42
13
9
8
16
15
6
135
22
32
281
136
83
75
71
73
33
8
3
2
21
11
6
4
8
6
2
69
18
16
127
(3)
(3)
(3)
37
48
(3)
14
2
3
19
(3)
(3)
(3)
9
10
(3)
Maryland .......................................
Massachusetts ..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
Montana ........................................
Nebraska ......................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ............................
1,258
1,483
2,347
1,205
576
1,276
200
414
436
301
1,082
1,283
2,066
1,042
505
1,098
170
364
390
260
12
12
27
15
10
14
4
4
6
2
126
137
172
115
44
132
18
37
28
28
37
50
81
32
17
32
8
9
12
11
123
178
277
175
57
184
35
57
48
33
12
22
34
16
9
23
7
4
6
3
102
146
227
150
46
155
27
50
40
28
8
10
16
9
2
7
2
3
3
2
57
55
92
(3)
28
(3)
12
(3)
3
( )
(3)
11
11
21
(3)
5
(3)
3
(3)
3
( )
(3)
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York ......................................
North Carolina ..............................
North Dakota ................................
Ohio ..............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon ..........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
1,905
368
4,009
1,789
154
2,560
745
807
2,683
219
1,671
319
3,501
1,569
134
2,245
644
689
2,330
183
15
5
33
27
3
28
9
15
27
3
159
33
329
150
13
201
70
74
241
24
61
10
147
43
4
86
21
30
84
9
201
52
474
179
21
308
93
109
314
27
28
11
90
19
3
37
12
23
46
5
162
37
361
151
17
256
74
80
252
21
11
4
24
9
1
15
7
6
15
2
84
25
213
(3)
3
( )
109
(3)
46
123
11
19
4
44
3
( )
(3)
25
(3)
9
27
2
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ................................
Tennessee ....................................
Texas ............................................
Utah ..............................................
Vermont ........................................
Virginia ..........................................
Washington ...................................
West Virginia ................................
Wisconsin .....................................
Wyoming .......................................
877
178
1,258
4,876
485
147
1,666
1,407
358
1,341
117
785
154
1,087
4,292
417
124
1,440
1,181
305
1,172
103
13
2
17
68
5
2
14
27
5
14
2
55
15
113
388
48
14
159
141
33
110
8
24
7
41
128
15
7
53
57
15
45
4
92
26
131
481
75
20
168
175
43
171
17
9
2
13
68
4
2
20
22
10
19
3
77
23
113
388
66
16
140
143
30
142
14
6
2
5
25
4
1
7
10
3
9
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
196
(3)
3
( )
(3)
65
28
3
( )
6
(3)
(3)
(3)
44
(3)
3
( )
(3)
15
5
3
( )
1
See footnotes at end of table.
59
(3)
9
1
5
83
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
25
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual
averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Population group and State
Total
35
hours
or
more
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
1 to 34 hours
Economic
reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time for
noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for Looking for
full-time
part-time
work
work
Women
Alabama .......................................
Alaska ...........................................
Arizona .........................................
Arkansas .......................................
California ......................................
Colorado .......................................
Connecticut ...................................
Delaware ......................................
District of Columbia ......................
Florida ...........................................
715
101
727
422
4,955
741
561
135
105
2,543
570
79
598
346
4,063
604
453
110
86
2,135
12
2
8
10
68
11
4
1
1
28
105
14
92
51
590
100
76
18
14
271
28
7
29
14
234
26
29
6
4
110
228
37
258
124
1,841
257
219
43
19
672
23
6
22
11
236
16
20
4
4
72
191
28
217
106
1,483
224
185
36
13
553
15
3
19
7
122
17
14
3
1
46
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Idaho .............................................
Illinois ............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iowa ..............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky .......................................
Louisiana ......................................
Maine ............................................
1,445
207
182
2,069
1,022
506
453
649
703
205
1,200
168
147
1,701
828
412
368
517
571
161
13
3
5
15
10
6
6
9
13
4
168
26
24
260
139
67
61
86
87
32
64
10
7
94
45
22
18
37
31
9
397
75
92
716
378
204
181
200
201
88
30
13
9
51
23
11
11
18
28
10
337
56
76
611
332
181
158
165
159
73
Maryland .......................................
Massachusetts ..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
Montana ........................................
Nebraska ......................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ............................
1,014
1,034
1,535
830
465
1,001
135
298
314
206
824
817
1,265
667
388
807
105
245
267
167
7
7
22
8
7
13
3
4
4
2
138
156
174
122
47
135
20
38
30
28
44
53
74
33
24
46
7
11
14
9
236
470
676
403
102
278
72
123
82
93
27
25
59
23
14
15
10
7
10
6
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York ......................................
North Carolina ..............................
North Dakota ................................
Ohio ..............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon ..........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
1,397
253
2,845
1,361
111
1,846
540
506
1,868
162
1,137
208
2,317
1,138
89
1,515
442
403
1,531
122
9
3
22
18
2
17
6
8
15
1
184
31
350
149
16
210
68
71
233
29
67
11
155
56
5
104
24
24
88
10
460
106
1,044
334
50
723
176
241
797
65
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ................................
Tennessee ....................................
Texas ............................................
Utah ..............................................
Vermont ........................................
Virginia ..........................................
Washington ...................................
West Virginia ................................
Wisconsin .....................................
Wyoming .......................................
714
125
966
3,324
306
99
1,192
911
252
929
76
607
101
793
2,738
245
79
969
727
198
751
61
10
1
11
44
4
1
15
13
3
14
1
63
17
116
396
43
14
152
133
34
119
9
33
6
46
146
13
5
56
39
17
44
4
201
56
289
950
157
54
361
401
94
413
36
See footnotes at end of table.
60
(3)
(3)
6
2
(3)
27
325
(3)
(3)
(3)
12
127
(3)
30
6
6
54
23
12
11
17
14
6
64
14
9
98
(3)
(3)
(3)
34
50
(3)
21
4
5
32
(3)
(3)
(3)
9
9
(3)
190
414
572
352
82
242
56
109
67
81
20
31
46
28
6
21
5
7
6
6
(3)
(3)
51
(3)
29
(3)
7
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
29
(3)
6
(3)
4
(3)
3
( )
(3)
38
12
121
27
5
46
14
23
79
5
391
88
842
282
42
624
148
199
671
55
31
7
82
26
3
53
14
19
47
5
67
18
184
55
3
( )
73
(3)
32
87
3
( )
23
5
57
13
(3)
35
(3)
11
38
3
( )
15
3
24
93
8
5
29
35
12
26
4
174
49
241
790
140
45
306
330
75
359
29
12
4
24
67
10
4
26
35
7
28
2
(3)
(3)
(3)
187
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
14
(3)
4
(3)
(3)
(3)
60
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
6
(3)
2
5
108
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
28
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual
averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Population group and State
Total
35
hours
or
more
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Not
at
work
Total
6
1
6
3
21
6
2
2
(4)
13
1
(4)
2
1
3
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
5
82
9
75
37
465
70
61
13
4
208
4
2
3
2
44
4
5
2
1
17
75
7
69
33
408
63
54
11
3
180
3
1
2
2
13
3
2
1
(4)
10
4
123
13
33
237
124
72
63
62
59
24
6
2
3
11
6
4
4
6
6
2
111
10
28
216
114
65
56
53
51
21
1 to 34 hours
Economic
reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time for
noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for Looking for
full-time
part-time
work
work
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Alabama .......................................
Alaska ...........................................
Arizona .........................................
Arkansas .......................................
California ......................................
Colorado .......................................
Connecticut ...................................
Delaware ......................................
District of Columbia ......................
Florida ...........................................
38
6
54
23
235
41
17
11
2
135
30
5
45
19
204
32
14
9
2
113
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Idaho .............................................
Illinois ............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iowa ..............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky .......................................
Louisiana ......................................
Maine ............................................
61
3
15
101
61
30
36
37
42
9
53
2
13
85
49
23
28
32
31
8
Maryland .......................................
Massachusetts ..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
Montana ........................................
Nebraska ......................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ............................
45
39
100
45
22
66
10
22
20
9
38
32
84
38
18
53
8
19
16
7
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York ......................................
North Carolina ..............................
North Dakota ................................
Ohio ..............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon ..........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
55
14
95
67
8
85
34
36
84
6
44
11
79
56
6
67
27
29
71
5
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ................................
Tennessee ....................................
Texas ............................................
Utah ..............................................
Vermont ........................................
Virginia ..........................................
Washington ...................................
West Virginia ................................
Wisconsin .....................................
Wyoming .......................................
29
14
56
187
36
5
47
53
10
58
7
25
10
48
154
28
4
37
41
9
49
5
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
1
1
7
1
1
3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
74
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
86
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
6
1
1
10
4
2
3
4
2
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
11
9
6
6
4
6
1
2
(4)
(4)
3
2
1
1
1
2
(4)
1
5
6
12
5
3
11
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
(4)
(4)
1
(4)
4
( )
(4)
(4)
68
119
228
132
32
122
20
51
25
27
5
6
10
4
2
6
2
2
3
2
58
108
208
122
28
112
17
47
22
25
4
5
11
5
1
4
1
2
1
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
8
2
8
8
1
12
5
4
9
1
2
(4)
5
1
4
( )
3
1
1
2
4
( )
126
27
250
114
18
230
55
62
213
18
7
3
14
7
1
9
2
7
14
2
115
22
225
102
16
211
49
53
189
15
4
2
11
5
1
10
3
3
11
1
(3)
(3)
35
(3)
3
( )
21
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
44
(3)
3
( )
31
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
2
2
7
22
6
1
6
8
1
5
1
(4)
2
1
3
1
4
( )
3
3
4
( )
2
(4)
69
20
89
327
66
13
114
99
26
130
13
3
1
6
20
3
1
7
8
3
7
1
60
18
79
294
60
11
104
87
22
117
12
5
1
4
13
2
1
3
4
1
7
4
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
65
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
62
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
2
2
1
1
8
1
2
2
2
(4)
See footnotes at end of table.
61
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual
averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Population group and State
Total
35
hours
or
more
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
1 to 34 hours
Economic
reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Total
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time for
noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for Looking for
full-time
part-time
work
work
White
Alabama .......................................
Alaska ...........................................
Arizona .........................................
Arkansas .......................................
California ......................................
Colorado .......................................
Connecticut ...................................
Delaware ......................................
District of Columbia ......................
Florida ...........................................
1,297
203
1,659
810
9,989
1,668
1,170
241
90
4,873
1,102
165
1,426
692
8,474
1,403
994
205
76
4,223
16
3
18
16
173
21
6
2
1
57
138
22
167
77
967
188
119
25
10
415
40
13
48
25
375
56
52
8
3
178
266
43
350
162
2,405
363
282
52
12
890
17
6
39
12
366
23
27
5
1
89
233
33
288
139
1,891
314
237
44
10
733
17
4
24
10
148
25
18
4
1
67
(3)
11
63
33
598
55
(3)
(3)
3
182
(3)
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Idaho .............................................
Illinois ............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iowa ..............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky .......................................
Louisiana ......................................
Maine ............................................
2,245
112
476
4,096
2,264
1,188
993
1,439
1,146
488
1,926
93
398
3,464
1,930
1,008
836
1,208
964
399
27
1
11
38
22
14
12
19
17
10
210
13
50
433
230
126
112
151
121
59
81
5
18
161
82
40
33
61
44
20
413
33
129
916
502
289
243
272
218
128
28
6
15
64
31
19
17
30
23
15
358
23
106
786
438
253
212
219
180
105
28
4
8
66
33
17
14
23
16
8
(3)
(3)
24
155
(3)
(3)
32
62
44
20
(3)
(3)
Maryland .......................................
Massachusetts ..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
Montana ........................................
Nebraska ......................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ............................
1,572
2,339
3,356
1,923
693
2,050
314
675
654
492
1,332
1,950
2,884
1,618
600
1,711
259
577
572
413
13
18
40
21
10
24
7
8
9
4
173
278
299
223
58
242
35
71
50
56
53
95
133
61
25
74
14
19
23
19
282
618
838
549
100
424
101
171
115
123
25
42
71
35
8
31
14
10
12
9
237
538
715
478
87
368
80
151
96
106
21
39
52
36
6
26
7
10
7
8
(3)
74
103
(3)
(3)
76
16
3
( )
25
(3)
(3)
21
38
(3)
(3)
15
6
3
( )
7
(3)
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York ......................................
North Carolina ..............................
North Dakota ................................
Ohio ..............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon ..........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
2,634
546
5,412
2,386
255
3,880
1,092
1,214
4,101
356
2,236
462
4,565
2,060
216
3,319
922
1,010
3,477
285
21
8
47
29
4
37
13
21
39
4
275
57
549
221
27
358
120
132
429
50
102
19
251
76
8
167
38
50
156
18
556
142
1,272
403
69
927
225
324
1,018
86
44
20
144
27
7
70
18
42
104
9
475
111
1,033
346
57
794
191
259
857
71
37
11
95
30
5
64
16
23
57
7
100
37
247
54
(3)
140
38
71
161
15
33
8
73
16
(3)
48
10
19
56
5
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ................................
Tennessee ....................................
Texas ............................................
Utah ..............................................
Vermont ........................................
Virginia ..........................................
Washington ...................................
West Virginia ................................
Wisconsin .....................................
Wyoming .......................................
1,189
287
1,816
6,960
757
241
2,202
2,094
591
2,131
187
1,048
243
1,534
5,964
633
200
1,854
1,721
488
1,809
159
14
3
23
96
9
3
20
38
8
27
3
85
30
186
667
88
27
244
247
65
210
17
42
11
73
232
27
11
84
88
31
85
8
218
79
361
1,234
225
72
417
541
131
552
51
12
4
29
129
11
8
28
55
21
42
6
193
69
305
1,025
200
60
361
442
100
476
42
14
6
27
80
14
5
28
45
10
35
3
(3)
(3)
70
280
27
(3)
3
( )
96
40
3
( )
9
(3)
(3)
14
76
11
3
( )
(3)
30
10
3
( )
3
See footnotes at end of table.
62
2
23
6
152
23
(3)
(3)
1
40
8
40
(3)
(3)
11
16
10
8
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual
averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Population group and State
Total
35
hours
or
more
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Total
18
1
2
6
35
1
6
3
3
28
79
2
10
22
141
11
29
11
18
144
18
(4)
1
6
27
1
10
3
5
31
57
1
9
15
107
9
18
7
12
105
3
(4)
(4)
1
7
1
1
(4)
1
7
(3)
(3)
(3)
23
97
(3)
(3)
(3)
18
68
(3)
(3)
(3)
5
9
1
1
1
1
10
50
1
7
15
98
4
21
7
14
69
Economic
reasons
Noneconomic reasons
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time for
noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for Looking for
full-time
part-time
work
work
Not
at
work
1 to 34 hours
Black
Alabama .......................................
Alaska ...........................................
Arizona .........................................
Arkansas .......................................
California ......................................
Colorado .......................................
Connecticut ...................................
Delaware ......................................
District of Columbia ......................
Florida ...........................................
395
8
65
136
846
47
145
64
117
842
320
6
57
110
704
41
117
53
99
734
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Illinois ............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iowa ..............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky .......................................
Louisiana ......................................
999
6
604
157
14
63
86
465
856
6
525
127
11
54
73
391
14
(4)
6
1
1
1
1
10
99
(4)
52
23
2
7
9
42
30
(4)
21
7
1
2
3
22
138
2
115
33
7
15
20
71
19
(4)
27
4
1
2
3
20
110
2
81
27
5
12
15
47
9
(4)
7
2
(4)
1
2
4
83
(3)
64
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
54
18
(3)
11
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
9
Maryland .......................................
Massachusetts ..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
Nebraska ......................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ............................
605
116
427
50
339
192
23
49
4
487
98
360
39
285
165
19
43
3
6
1
8
1
7
3
85
11
40
7
32
20
3
4
1
27
6
19
2
16
4
1
1
(4)
65
18
98
15
55
34
3
7
2
13
2
19
3
14
6
(4)
2
(4)
46
15
72
11
38
26
2
5
2
6
1
7
1
3
2
(4)
(4)
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
36
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York ......................................
North Carolina ..............................
Ohio ..............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon ..........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
487
12
1,019
662
452
102
25
350
16
408
11
878
563
377
86
18
292
13
3
54
1
97
66
48
10
6
41
3
21
1
37
20
20
4
1
14
1
79
3
189
95
87
24
8
70
6
21
1
55
18
12
5
1
20
1
55
2
125
75
71
17
6
46
5
3
(4)
9
3
4
2
1
4
4
( )
46
(3)
132
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
44
(3)
7
(3)
24
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
8
(3)
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ................................
Tennessee ....................................
Texas ............................................
Utah ..............................................
Virginia ..........................................
Washington ...................................
West Virginia ................................
Wisconsin .....................................
Wyoming .......................................
393
1
388
945
5
552
63
15
86
2
336
1
327
798
4
464
54
11
70
2
33
(4)
43
99
1
58
7
3
13
4
( )
15
(4)
14
36
4
( )
22
2
1
4
4
( )
71
0
58
153
2
90
10
5
14
0
13
(4)
9
31
4
( )
20
(4)
4
( )
2
(4)
55
(4)
47
113
2
66
10
4
10
4
( )
4
(4)
2
9
4
( )
4
(4)
4
( )
2
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
91
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
26
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7
7
13
8
2
4
( )
3
(4)
(4)
9
5
12
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8
1
See footnotes at end of table.
63
4
15
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
11
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
7
Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual
averages — Continued
(In thousands)
Employed1
Population group and State
Total
35
hours
or
more
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work2
Economic
reasons
Total
1
(4)
42
1
294
31
10
1
1
81
1
(4)
9
(4)
110
8
3
1
(4)
32
3
2
70
1
693
41
26
2
2
147
1
(4)
15
(4)
196
7
8
(4)
(4)
26
2
1
52
1
469
33
17
1
2
113
(4)
(4)
4
(4)
28
2
(4)
(4)
(4)
8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
314
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
66
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
71
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
7
7
1
3
40
3
3
7
(4)
4
3
(4)
2
14
2
1
2
(4)
1
17
4
8
55
10
5
9
2
6
2
2
3
9
2
1
1
14
2
5
43
7
4
8
1
4
1
(4)
(4)
3
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
12
11
9
3
1
4
(4)
2
7
4
( )
1
4
3
1
1
1
(4)
(4)
3
(4)
16
22
22
7
1
3
2
5
15
1
12
16
17
5
1
2
2
3
10
1
1
1
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Noneconomic reasons
Part time for
economic
reasons
Part time for
noneconomic reasons
Not
at
work
Looking for Looking for
full-time
part-time
work
work
Not
at
work
1 to 34 hours
Hispanic origin
(4)
(4)
Alabama .......................................
Alaska ...........................................
Arizona .........................................
Arkansas .......................................
California ......................................
Colorado .......................................
Connecticut ...................................
Delaware ......................................
District of Columbia ......................
Florida ...........................................
17
6
464
16
3,437
240
106
12
13
1,011
15
5
407
15
2,951
197
92
10
12
884
Georgia .........................................
Hawaii ...........................................
Idaho .............................................
Illinois ............................................
Indiana ..........................................
Iowa ..............................................
Kansas ..........................................
Kentucky .......................................
Louisiana ......................................
83
12
50
474
53
29
48
14
41
73
10
41
414
47
24
39
13
35
Maryland .......................................
Massachusetts ..............................
Michigan .......................................
Minnesota .....................................
Mississippi ....................................
Missouri ........................................
Montana ........................................
Nebraska ......................................
Nevada .........................................
New Hampshire ............................
100
107
121
50
13
31
6
25
114
7
85
91
107
46
10
26
6
22
101
6
New Jersey ...................................
New Mexico ..................................
New York ......................................
North Carolina ..............................
North Dakota ................................
Ohio ..............................................
Oklahoma .....................................
Oregon ..........................................
Pennsylvania ................................
Rhode Island ................................
379
225
945
99
1
64
41
99
101
24
329
189
822
85
1
53
35
84
82
20
3
4
12
3
(4)
4
( )
1
4
2
4
( )
38
24
80
8
4
( )
6
5
8
14
3
10
8
32
2
(4)
4
1
3
3
1
58
64
156
9
1
8
7
26
15
2
10
13
36
3
4
( )
1
1
8
5
1
43
47
112
5
1
6
6
17
9
2
4
4
8
1
4
( )
(4)
(4)
1
(4)
4
( )
(3)
24
94
3
( )
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
South Carolina ..............................
South Dakota ................................
Tennessee ....................................
Texas ............................................
Utah ..............................................
Vermont ........................................
Virginia ..........................................
Washington ...................................
Wisconsin .....................................
Wyoming .......................................
12
4
17
2,300
55
1
89
114
42
9
12
3
14
1,966
46
1
73
92
35
7
(4)
(4)
(4)
48
2
4
( )
1
4
1
4
( )
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
78
1
(4)
4
3
2
1
2
1
2
396
7
1
16
13
7
2
(4)
(4)
(4)
66
1
4
( )
3
4
4
( )
4
( )
2
1
2
310
5
1
14
8
6
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
20
(4)
4
( )
(4)
1
(4)
4
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
146
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
39
(3)
3
( )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
6
(4)
82
4
1
(4)
(4)
14
(4)
(4)
(4)
1
3
7
1
1
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
208
5
(4)
12
15
3
1
1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their
usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work
during the reference week. Persons absent from work are classified according to
their usual status.
2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason
for working part time.
3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
(4)
1
(4)
(4)
(4)
3
5
3
2
1
1
4
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
14
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in
that area. See appendix B.
4 Less than 500 persons
NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
population groups.
64
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Managerial and
professional specialty
Employment status and State
Total
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniProfesadministracians and
sional
tive, and
related
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Service
occupations
Precision
Machine
production,
operators, Transporcraft, and
assem- tation and
repair
blers,
material
and
moving
inspectors
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Alabama ................................. 2,144
Alaska .....................................
316
Arizona ................................... 2,266
Arkansas ................................. 1,208
California ................................ 16,232
Colorado ................................. 2,241
Connecticut ............................. 1,703
Delaware ................................
392
District of Columbia ................
265
Florida ..................................... 7,207
261
49
322
131
2,438
388
285
60
52
1,033
270
48
321
141
2,527
406
290
59
65
975
68
11
76
36
510
82
2
( )
14
12
240
311
39
298
137
1,963
296
204
39
22
1,021
290
44
328
154
2,201
293
249
64
40
1,059
239
44
341
182
2,241
262
221
57
46
1,114
272
36
255
136
1,662
251
188
43
9
784
189
7
90
114
859
61
93
19
2
( )
232
94
16
72
63
560
69
2
( )
16
8
279
94
13
83
68
661
89
2
( )
14
7
284
55
10
80
47
606
(2)
2
( )
(2)
(2)
185
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
4,002
593
651
6,206
3,084
1,568
1,409
1,916
2,044
649
606
73
74
920
403
174
192
252
254
82
506
76
83
910
369
206
203
271
278
91
114
15
19
184
(2)
2
( )
45
56
65
2
( )
470
81
69
792
339
195
166
219
236
79
544
96
79
901
442
206
195
259
295
88
487
117
94
832
381
218
188
264
313
85
460
54
79
617
364
179
154
230
226
87
337
16
42
410
326
100
89
136
107
46
215
17
34
265
145
71
53
95
124
28
177
21
35
267
165
68
60
84
95
23
86
28
43
107
(2)
92
63
50
51
26
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
2,748
3,267
5,014
2,679
1,260
2,849
466
915
918
652
488
521
648
433
133
392
58
104
129
99
548
582
695
430
187
430
65
118
98
108
110
99
156
2
( )
37
85
11
(2)
22
(2)
295
371
572
294
134
358
54
113
119
78
395
462
658
346
156
429
60
134
119
88
357
471
688
350
178
318
76
124
211
80
272
349
619
286
156
322
50
82
108
72
79
159
451
154
117
172
13
51
25
47
79
97
205
2
( )
68
129
22
37
40
2
( )
82
112
218
(2)
51
120
20
36
33
2
( )
(2)
(2)
102
108
42
90
37
83
2
( )
2
( )
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
4,136
826
8,828
3,786
346
5,658
1,623
1,758
5,909
496
656
111
1,248
484
39
766
205
241
798
67
668
130
1,410
501
42
784
230
249
891
77
144
30
269
127
(2)
190
50
38
195
19
530
92
1,092
471
42
653
185
216
680
63
645
103
1,345
457
44
750
234
234
864
67
557
126
1,480
446
54
810
223
260
831
72
376
102
806
499
33
625
189
186
624
52
202
28
415
372
13
440
104
115
382
41
163
39
334
159
16
271
74
72
248
15
152
33
313
162
12
251
72
67
269
18
44
31
115
108
41
118
58
81
125
2
( )
South Carolina ........................ 1,953
South Dakota ..........................
397
Tennessee .............................. 2,752
Texas ...................................... 10,069
Utah ........................................ 1,060
Vermont ..................................
330
Virginia .................................... 3,476
Washington ............................. 3,031
West Virginia ..........................
793
Wisconsin ............................... 2,946
Wyoming .................................
257
222
44
390
1,363
140
44
562
471
84
401
31
262
50
319
1,455
165
53
609
489
111
406
31
63
(2)
98
315
33
(2)
112
115
30
(2)
6
240
48
322
1,229
146
39
408
358
103
307
27
234
48
391
1,418
165
47
472
375
110
429
32
266
65
344
1,424
123
42
447
392
118
380
40
254
42
330
1,190
118
41
394
304
95
355
35
202
26
228
491
58
19
171
140
41
252
8
87
(2)
133
445
35
14
121
140
51
129
18
84
15
128
425
52
2
( )
122
131
35
135
10
(2)
36
69
314
(2)
12
(2)
115
14
(2)
19
See footnotes at end of table.
65
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Managerial and
professional specialty
Employment status and State
Total
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniProfesadministracians and
sional
tive, and
related
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Service
occupations
Precision
Machine
production,
operators, Transporcraft, and
assem- tation and
repair
blers,
material
and
moving
inspectors
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
EMPLOYED
Alabama ................................. 2,062
Alaska .....................................
299
Arizona ................................... 2,178
Arkansas ................................. 1,148
California ................................ 15,361
Colorado ................................. 2,159
Connecticut ............................. 1,652
Delaware ................................
377
District of Columbia ................
244
Florida ..................................... 6,918
259
48
316
129
2,388
380
281
59
50
1,011
268
47
315
139
2,459
395
288
58
63
961
66
11
75
36
493
81
2
( )
13
11
232
296
37
284
131
1,850
284
199
37
19
978
282
42
315
148
2,099
281
243
62
37
1,025
224
40
323
168
2,074
244
208
55
40
1,051
261
34
247
130
1,560
244
183
41
8
753
174
6
85
105
785
57
90
18
2
( )
215
90
14
69
59
524
66
2
( )
15
7
263
88
11
76
60
588
86
2
( )
13
5
256
53
8
73
44
542
2
( )
(2)
(2)
(2)
172
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
3,852
560
620
5,946
2,993
1,526
1,357
1,835
1,945
622
595
72
73
899
398
171
189
249
249
80
495
74
81
895
367
203
199
265
272
89
112
14
18
182
(2)
2
( )
44
55
65
2
( )
452
77
66
751
325
188
161
210
223
75
531
90
75
871
434
202
188
251
287
85
454
110
89
776
361
209
177
246
288
81
448
48
75
595
354
176
149
215
215
84
321
15
39
385
314
96
83
131
99
43
202
15
32
254
139
69
52
91
119
27
165
19
32
238
153
65
55
76
83
21
77
25
40
100
(2)
90
61
46
46
25
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
2,631
3,164
4,835
2,613
1,200
2,738
442
892
880
633
482
512
638
429
131
386
58
104
127
98
537
572
688
425
186
425
63
116
96
106
107
97
154
2
( )
37
84
11
(2)
22
(2)
279
360
553
285
127
342
52
109
112
76
375
448
642
339
150
419
57
132
116
86
327
453
648
337
160
294
69
119
199
76
262
337
597
280
147
308
47
80
104
69
71
151
428
150
110
162
12
48
24
46
77
91
194
2
( )
66
125
20
36
38
2
( )
71
103
199
(2)
47
107
18
34
30
2
( )
(2)
(2)
96
103
41
87
35
82
2
( )
2
( )
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
3,963
780
8,372
3,663
336
5,437
1,554
1,664
5,661
474
648
108
1,219
478
38
754
199
235
782
65
653
127
1,379
494
41
770
226
241
875
76
141
30
262
127
(2)
188
48
35
191
18
509
87
1,027
455
41
632
178
203
655
60
608
100
1,269
445
42
731
225
224
837
65
524
115
1,371
419
53
764
207
240
775
68
359
95
758
485
32
594
179
176
593
50
190
26
389
351
13
414
97
107
358
38
155
37
316
153
15
259
72
67
231
13
136
28
279
152
11
224
66
59
245
16
41
28
101
104
40
107
56
77
119
2
( )
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
1,884
386
2,644
9,631
1,023
319
3,386
2,895
747
2,853
246
219
44
382
1,336
137
43
556
464
82
396
31
259
49
315
1,424
161
53
598
480
109
402
30
63
(2)
96
307
32
(2)
111
109
29
(2)
6
228
46
309
1,167
142
38
393
342
98
293
27
227
47
372
1,352
159
46
458
357
106
417
31
251
63
320
1,331
116
40
428
367
109
363
37
247
40
321
1,146
115
40
385
294
87
344
33
192
25
220
458
55
18
167
126
38
243
7
84
(2)
129
423
34
13
119
132
46
122
17
75
14
114
388
48
2
( )
115
118
30
124
9
(2)
36
66
298
(2)
11
(2)
107
13
(2)
18
See footnotes at end of table.
66
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Managerial and
professional specialty
Employment status and State
Total
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniProfesadministracians and
sional
tive, and
related
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Service
occupations
Precision
Machine
production,
operators, Transporcraft, and
assem- tation and
repair
blers,
material
and
moving
inspectors
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
UNEMPLOYED
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
82
18
88
60
871
81
51
14
22
289
2
1
6
2
51
8
5
1
2
21
2
1
6
2
68
11
2
1
2
14
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
150
33
31
260
92
42
52
81
99
27
11
1
1
20
5
3
3
4
5
2
10
2
2
16
2
2
4
6
6
2
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
118
103
179
65
59
110
25
23
37
19
6
8
10
4
2
5
1
1
3
1
11
11
8
5
1
6
2
1
2
2
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
173
47
456
123
10
222
69
95
248
22
8
3
29
6
1
13
5
6
16
2
15
3
31
7
1
14
4
8
17
1
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
69
11
108
438
38
11
90
136
46
94
12
3
1
7
26
3
1
5
8
2
5
(3)
3
1
4
30
4
1
11
9
3
4
1
(3)
2
2
1
17
1
(2)
3
( )
1
8
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
(2)
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
3
1
7
1
2
2
3
4
1
(3)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
2
7
1
2
6
1
15
2
14
6
113
12
4
2
3
43
8
2
13
6
102
12
6
2
4
34
15
3
18
13
167
18
13
2
6
63
11
2
8
6
102
7
6
1
1
31
15
1
5
9
74
4
3
1
2
( )
16
3
2
3
4
36
3
(2)
1
1
16
7
2
6
8
74
3
(2)
1
1
27
2
1
7
3
64
2
( )
(2)
(2)
(2)
13
18
4
3
41
13
7
6
9
13
4
13
6
3
30
8
4
7
8
8
3
33
7
6
56
20
9
11
18
24
4
12
6
4
22
10
4
6
15
11
4
16
1
3
25
11
4
6
5
8
3
13
1
2
11
6
2
1
4
5
1
12
2
3
29
13
3
5
8
12
2
9
3
3
7
15
11
19
8
6
16
2
4
6
2
20
14
16
7
6
10
3
2
4
2
30
18
40
13
19
24
7
5
12
4
10
12
23
7
9
15
3
1
4
3
8
8
23
4
7
11
1
3
1
2
3
6
10
2
( )
3
4
2
1
2
2
( )
11
9
19
2
( )
5
13
2
3
3
2
( )
21
5
65
16
1
21
8
14
26
3
37
4
76
12
1
19
10
10
27
2
33
11
109
27
2
46
16
20
55
5
17
7
48
14
2
31
10
10
31
2
12
2
25
21
(3)
26
6
8
24
3
8
2
18
6
1
12
2
6
17
2
16
5
33
10
1
27
6
8
24
1
11
1
13
62
5
2
15
16
5
14
1
6
1
19
66
6
1
14
18
4
12
1
15
2
24
93
7
2
19
25
9
17
4
7
2
9
45
3
1
9
11
8
11
2
11
1
8
33
3
1
3
14
3
9
1
3
9
1
14
36
4
2
( )
7
14
5
11
1
See footnotes at end of table.
67
(2)
4
22
1
1
3
8
5
7
1
(2)
2
2
3
4
2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
7
5
2
3
2
1
3
3
14
4
1
11
1
4
6
2
( )
(2)
1
3
16
2
( )
1
(2)
8
2
(2)
1
Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Managerial and
professional specialty
Employment status and State
Total
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniProfesadministracians and
sional
tive, and
related
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Service
occupations
Precision
Machine
production,
operators, Transporcraft, and
assem- tation and
repair
blers,
material
and
moving
inspectors
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
3.8
5.5
3.9
5.0
5.4
3.6
3.0
3.7
8.3
4.0
.7
1.9
1.8
1.3
2.1
2.0
1.6
1.3
3.8
2.1
.7
2.3
1.9
1.7
2.7
2.7
.7
1.7
3.6
1.5
3.3
4.0
2.1
1.8
3.4
1.4
2
( )
3.6
6.6
3.2
4.9
5.6
4.6
4.5
5.8
4.0
2.1
5.6
11.9
4.2
2.8
5.4
4.1
3.7
4.6
4.2
2.4
3.0
9.4
3.3
6.3
7.2
5.4
7.3
7.5
6.8
6.0
4.2
13.1
5.7
3.9
6.1
3.3
4.7
6.1
2.8
3.1
3.5
16.1
4.0
7.6
12.5
5.5
7.8
8.6
6.4
3.7
6.2
2
( )
7.1
3.3
9.5
3.7
5.9
6.4
4.0
2
( )
5.2
9.9
5.6
6.9
12.3
7.8
11.8
11.2
3.6
(2)
8.6
21.8
9.7
3.7
13.2
8.6
7.0
10.7
2
( )
(2)
(2)
(2)
7.0
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
3.7
5.7
4.8
4.2
3.0
2.7
3.7
4.2
4.8
4.2
1.8
1.7
1.3
2.2
1.3
1.7
1.7
1.5
2.1
2.5
2.0
2.6
2.3
1.7
.6
1.1
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.9
3.1
4.2
.8
(2)
2
( )
2.5
.8
.8
2
( )
3.8
4.8
4.5
5.3
4.0
3.6
3.4
4.0
5.5
5.1
2.4
6.2
4.2
3.4
1.8
2.1
3.8
2.9
2.6
3.6
6.8
5.8
6.2
6.8
5.2
4.1
5.8
6.8
7.8
4.9
2.6
11.2
5.0
3.6
2.8
2.0
3.7
6.3
4.9
4.3
4.7
4.6
7.2
6.2
3.5
3.8
7.0
3.9
7.6
6.9
6.0
8.4
5.3
4.1
3.8
3.5
1.6
4.1
4.0
3.1
7.0
8.9
9.8
11.0
7.6
4.5
8.2
9.5
12.9
9.0
10.7
10.2
6.7
6.7
2
( )
2.2
3.4
6.7
8.5
6.3
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
4.3
3.2
3.5
2.4
4.7
3.9
5.3
2.5
4.1
2.9
1.2
1.6
1.5
.9
1.4
1.4
1.2
.7
2.1
1.5
2.0
1.9
1.1
1.2
.6
1.4
2.5
1.2
1.9
2.1
2.7
1.8
1.6
(2)
.7
1.2
2.1
(2)
1.6
(2)
5.2
3.1
3.2
2.8
4.7
4.6
3.4
3.3
5.4
2.7
5.0
3.1
2.4
2.1
4.0
2.4
4.9
1.8
3.2
1.9
8.4
3.8
5.8
3.7
10.4
7.6
9.4
4.4
5.5
5.0
3.6
3.3
3.6
2.3
5.5
4.6
6.8
1.7
3.5
3.5
9.7
5.0
5.0
2.8
5.7
6.2
9.9
5.2
4.5
3.3
3.2
6.0
5.1
(2)
4.0
3.4
8.8
2.7
4.5
2
( )
13.3
8.0
8.7
2
( )
9.0
10.9
9.9
7.4
10.4
2
( )
(2)
(2)
6.5
4.3
4.2
3.6
5.1
1.4
(2)
2
( )
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
4.2
5.6
5.2
3.2
3.0
3.9
4.3
5.3
4.2
4.4
1.2
2.4
2.3
1.2
1.4
1.6
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.2
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.8
3.1
1.9
1.0
2.2
2.9
2.7
.7
2
( )
1.2
3.2
8.0
2.0
3.6
4.0
5.3
6.0
3.4
2.5
3.3
4.1
6.3
3.8
4.5
5.8
3.5
5.7
2.6
3.2
2.5
4.2
4.1
3.2
3.7
5.9
8.8
7.4
6.0
3.4
5.6
7.0
7.5
6.6
6.4
4.5
7.1
6.0
2.7
5.4
4.9
5.2
5.3
5.0
3.0
6.0
8.6
6.2
5.6
3.6
5.9
6.0
7.2
6.4
8.4
4.9
5.1
5.5
3.5
6.8
4.3
2.8
7.6
6.8
12.8
10.4
15.1
10.8
6.3
5.6
10.9
8.1
11.3
8.9
7.7
7.0
10.4
12.0
3.3
1.5
9.5
2.1
4.6
4.7
2
( )
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
3.6
2.6
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.3
2.6
4.5
5.8
3.2
4.5
1.3
1.2
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.0
1.0
1.6
2.1
1.3
.8
1.0
1.7
1.3
2.1
2.6
1.2
1.8
1.8
2.4
1.0
1.7
(3)
(2)
2.2
2.3
3.0
2
( )
1.4
5.2
2.5
(2)
2.4
4.7
2.7
3.9
5.0
3.2
4.8
3.7
4.5
4.7
4.5
2.8
2.8
2.4
4.8
4.6
3.5
2.2
2.9
4.9
3.7
2.7
2.7
5.5
3.0
7.0
6.5
5.5
4.9
4.2
6.3
7.9
4.5
9.2
2.9
4.0
2.7
3.8
2.3
2.3
2.3
3.5
8.0
3.0
4.4
5.4
3.5
3.7
6.7
5.1
4.6
1.9
10.0
8.2
3.7
7.8
3.0
(2)
2.7
5.0
2.3
6.1
2.3
5.7
9.7
5.3
5.2
10.7
7.5
10.8
8.6
7.8
2
( )
6.0
10.5
14.4
8.3
13.4
(2)
1.8
3.9
5.1
2
( )
5.6
(2)
7.0
11.5
(2)
4.8
1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience.
2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
3 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of
rounding.
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in
that area. See appendix B.
68
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation,
1998 annual averages
Total employed
Population group and
State
Managerial and
professional specialty
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniNumber
Profesadministracians and
(In thou- Percent
sional
tive, and
related
sands)
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Handlers,
Precision
Farming,
equipService producAdminiMachine
forestry,
ment
Transporoccupation,
strative
operators,
and fishcraft, and
tation and cleaners,
tions
support,
asseming
material helpers,
repair
including
blers, and
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
laborers
TOTAL
Alabama .......................
2,062
Alaska ...........................
299
Arizona .........................
2,178
Arkansas .......................
1,148
California ...................... 15,361
Colorado .......................
2,159
Connecticut ...................
1,652
Delaware ......................
377
District of Columbia ......
244
Florida ...........................
6,918
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.6
16.1
14.5
11.2
15.5
17.6
17.0
15.6
20.5
14.6
13.0
15.7
14.5
12.1
16.0
18.3
17.4
15.4
25.8
13.9
3.2
3.7
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.8
2.9
3.4
4.5
3.4
14.4
12.4
13.0
11.4
12.0
13.2
12.0
9.8
7.8
14.1
13.7
14.0
14.5
12.9
13.7
13.0
14.7
16.4
15.2
14.8
10.9
13.4
14.8
14.6
13.5
11.3
12.6
14.6
16.4
15.2
12.7
11.4
11.3
11.3
10.2
11.3
11.1
10.9
3.3
10.9
8.4
2.0
3.9
9.1
5.1
2.6
5.4
4.8
1.2
3.1
4.4
4.7
3.2
5.1
3.4
3.1
2.6
4.0
2.9
3.8
4.3
3.7
3.5
5.2
3.8
4.0
3.1
3.4
2.0
3.7
2.6
2.7
3.4
3.8
3.5
2.0
1.1
1.6
.4
2.5
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
3,852
560
620
5,946
2,993
1,526
1,357
1,835
1,945
622
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.4
12.9
11.8
15.1
13.3
11.2
13.9
13.6
12.8
12.9
12.9
13.2
13.1
15.1
12.3
13.3
14.7
14.4
14.0
14.3
2.9
2.5
2.9
3.1
2.7
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.3
2.4
11.7
13.8
10.6
12.6
10.9
12.3
11.9
11.4
11.5
12.1
13.8
16.1
12.1
14.6
14.5
13.2
13.9
13.7
14.8
13.7
11.8
19.6
14.4
13.1
12.1
13.7
13.0
13.4
14.8
13.0
11.6
8.6
12.1
10.0
11.8
11.5
11.0
11.7
11.1
13.5
8.3
2.7
6.3
6.5
10.5
6.3
6.1
7.1
5.1
6.9
5.2
2.7
5.2
4.3
4.6
4.5
3.8
5.0
6.1
4.3
4.3
3.4
5.2
4.0
5.1
4.3
4.1
4.1
4.3
3.4
2.0
4.5
6.5
1.7
2.2
5.9
4.5
2.5
2.4
4.0
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
2,631
3,164
4,835
2,613
1,200
2,738
442
892
880
633
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.3
16.2
13.2
16.4
10.9
14.1
13.1
11.7
14.4
15.5
20.4
18.1
14.2
16.3
15.5
15.5
14.3
13.0
10.9
16.7
4.1
3.1
3.2
3.6
3.1
3.1
2.5
3.5
2.5
3.3
10.6
11.4
11.4
10.9
10.6
12.5
11.8
12.2
12.7
12.0
14.3
14.2
13.3
13.0
12.5
15.3
12.9
14.8
13.2
13.6
12.4
14.3
13.4
12.9
13.3
10.7
15.6
13.3
22.6
12.0
10.0
10.7
12.3
10.7
12.3
11.2
10.6
9.0
11.8
10.9
2.7
4.8
8.9
5.7
9.2
5.9
2.7
5.4
2.7
7.3
2.9
2.9
4.0
3.6
5.5
4.6
4.5
4.0
4.3
3.9
2.7
3.3
4.1
3.0
3.9
3.9
4.1
3.8
3.4
3.0
1.6
1.3
2.0
3.9
3.4
3.2
7.9
9.2
1.5
1.7
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
3,963
780
8,372
3,663
336
5,437
1,554
1,664
5,661
474
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.4
13.8
14.6
13.0
11.3
13.9
12.8
14.1
13.8
13.7
16.5
16.3
16.5
13.5
12.2
14.2
14.5
14.5
15.5
16.0
3.6
3.8
3.1
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.1
2.1
3.4
3.8
12.8
11.2
12.3
12.4
12.2
11.6
11.5
12.2
11.6
12.7
15.3
12.8
15.2
12.1
12.5
13.4
14.5
13.5
14.8
13.7
13.2
14.7
16.4
11.4
15.8
14.1
13.3
14.4
13.7
14.3
9.1
12.2
9.1
13.2
9.5
10.9
11.5
10.6
10.5
10.5
4.8
3.3
4.6
9.6
3.9
7.6
6.2
6.4
6.3
8.0
3.9
4.7
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.8
4.6
4.0
4.1
2.7
3.4
3.6
3.3
4.1
3.3
4.1
4.2
3.5
4.3
3.4
1.0
3.6
1.2
2.8
11.9
2.0
3.6
4.6
2.1
1.1
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
1,884
386
2,644
9,631
1,023
319
3,386
2,895
747
2,853
246
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.6
11.4
14.4
13.9
13.4
13.5
16.4
16.0
11.0
13.9
12.6
13.7
12.7
11.9
14.8
15.7
16.6
17.7
16.6
14.6
14.1
12.2
3.3
2.6
3.6
3.2
3.1
2.5
3.3
3.8
3.9
2.7
2.4
12.1
11.9
11.7
12.1
13.9
11.9
11.6
11.8
13.1
10.3
11.0
12.0
12.2
14.1
14.0
15.5
14.4
13.5
12.3
14.2
14.6
12.6
13.3
16.3
12.1
13.8
11.3
12.5
12.6
12.7
14.6
12.7
15.0
13.1
10.4
12.1
11.9
11.2
12.5
11.4
10.2
11.6
12.1
13.4
10.2
6.5
8.3
4.8
5.4
5.6
4.9
4.4
5.1
8.5
2.8
4.5
3.4
4.9
4.4
3.3
4.1
3.5
4.6
6.2
4.3
6.9
4.0
3.6
4.3
4.0
4.7
2.5
3.4
4.1
4.0
4.3
3.7
2.0
9.3
2.5
3.1
2.4
3.4
1.6
3.7
1.7
2.6
7.3
See footnotes at end of table.
69
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed
Population group and
State
Managerial and
professional specialty
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniNumber
Profesadministracians and
(In thou- Percent
sional
tive, and
related
sands)
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Handlers,
Precision
Farming,
equipService producAdminiMachine
forestry,
ment
Transporoccupation,
strative
operators,
and fishcraft, and
tation and cleaners,
tions
support,
asseming
material helpers,
repair
including
blers, and
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
laborers
Men
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
1,119
161
1,193
603
8,565
1,161
872
199
120
3,703
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.3
16.8
15.3
10.9
15.4
16.2
18.5
17.6
20.0
15.2
10.5
13.7
13.2
9.6
14.5
18.3
15.3
14.1
25.0
12.1
2.9
4.3
3.1
2.8
2.9
3.2
2.6
2.5
4.2
2.5
12.6
9.9
11.5
11.1
11.3
12.3
11.8
7.5
7.5
13.3
4.6
5.0
4.7
4.5
6.4
5.9
6.8
7.5
8.3
5.8
7.3
10.6
12.8
10.0
11.0
8.2
9.4
11.6
17.5
12.7
21.7
19.9
19.0
18.9
16.7
18.9
18.8
19.1
5.8
18.8
8.9
1.9
4.3
9.1
5.4
3.4
5.8
6.5
1.7
3.7
7.3
8.1
5.0
9.1
5.6
4.7
4.5
6.5
5.8
6.4
6.4
5.6
5.7
8.0
5.7
5.9
4.6
5.0
3.3
5.6
4.3
5.0
5.4
6.1
5.2
2.9
1.9
2.0
(1)
3.8
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
2,010
277
346
3,160
1,592
816
723
986
1,042
328
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.5
14.1
12.1
15.6
13.5
11.2
14.7
14.9
12.6
11.6
10.9
11.6
11.6
13.4
10.8
10.3
13.1
11.8
12.7
12.2
2.1
2.5
2.9
2.5
1.9
3.4
2.9
2.6
3.0
1.8
10.9
10.8
9.8
12.1
9.0
11.4
11.2
9.8
9.6
10.4
4.9
5.1
4.0
5.9
5.6
3.9
5.3
5.6
5.2
5.8
7.8
18.1
8.4
9.9
8.5
8.7
8.0
9.0
10.1
9.1
20.1
16.2
19.9
16.7
20.3
19.7
18.7
19.9
19.7
23.2
8.5
3.2
6.9
8.2
12.9
7.8
7.6
8.2
7.1
7.9
8.6
5.1
8.1
7.3
7.8
7.5
6.1
8.7
9.9
7.6
6.6
6.1
7.2
5.9
6.5
6.5
5.5
5.6
6.8
4.9
3.1
7.2
9.0
2.5
3.2
9.4
6.8
3.9
3.6
5.8
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
1,380
1,661
2,624
1,380
634
1,460
235
471
484
334
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
19.2
16.6
13.6
16.1
11.8
13.4
12.8
12.3
14.9
18.3
17.9
16.9
12.5
14.2
12.1
11.7
12.8
9.8
9.7
14.1
3.5
3.0
2.6
3.2
2.7
2.8
1.3
2.8
2.3
3.3
11.2
10.2
9.9
11.1
9.0
11.9
11.5
11.9
10.3
11.4
4.6
6.2
4.8
5.4
4.4
5.8
3.4
5.7
4.3
5.7
10.4
11.3
9.1
8.1
9.0
9.2
9.8
8.3
19.8
9.0
17.8
18.4
21.1
18.0
20.7
19.2
18.7
15.5
20.7
17.7
3.1
5.4
10.9
7.4
9.5
7.6
3.4
6.8
3.3
7.5
5.1
5.0
6.5
6.1
9.8
7.3
7.7
7.4
7.0
6.6
4.5
5.1
5.7
4.3
6.0
6.1
6.0
5.3
5.4
4.8
2.7
1.9
3.2
6.0
5.0
4.7
11.5
13.8
2.3
2.4
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
2,106
420
4,483
1,968
175
2,868
838
917
2,996
246
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.7
13.3
15.7
13.7
12.0
14.3
13.2
14.2
15.1
14.6
14.1
13.6
13.9
10.9
9.1
11.9
12.3
13.6
13.3
14.6
3.1
4.0
2.7
3.0
2.9
2.6
2.0
1.7
2.9
2.8
12.8
9.0
11.9
11.4
11.4
10.7
10.3
10.5
10.8
12.2
6.0
4.8
7.0
4.2
3.4
5.6
5.4
5.1
5.6
5.7
10.6
11.2
14.8
7.9
7.4
9.4
9.8
10.3
9.6
11.4
15.9
21.0
15.5
22.0
16.6
19.1
19.1
17.9
18.3
18.7
5.4
3.8
5.0
9.7
4.6
9.8
8.1
8.5
7.8
8.9
6.6
7.9
6.4
7.0
8.6
8.2
8.0
6.7
6.8
4.9
5.2
5.7
5.2
6.1
5.1
5.5
6.6
4.8
6.8
4.5
1.6
5.5
1.8
4.1
18.3
2.9
5.3
6.8
2.9
2.0
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
969
204
1,389
5,358
560
167
1,834
1,582
401
1,511
134
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.1
11.3
15.4
13.8
13.9
13.8
17.0
16.1
11.5
15.4
12.7
10.2
10.3
9.7
12.7
14.8
14.4
15.8
15.2
13.2
11.3
10.4
3.3
2.5
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.0
3.2
3.1
2.0
2.0
2.2
11.1
11.8
10.7
10.8
13.4
10.2
10.5
10.7
11.5
9.3
9.7
3.4
4.4
4.9
5.9
5.9
5.4
5.7
4.7
5.7
5.0
3.0
9.0
10.8
9.0
9.9
8.4
8.4
10.3
8.4
9.0
8.2
9.0
23.8
17.6
21.0
19.9
18.9
21.6
19.6
17.1
20.4
20.9
23.1
11.7
7.4
9.0
5.9
5.2
7.2
5.2
6.0
7.0
10.6
4.5
7.4
6.4
8.1
7.3
5.5
7.2
5.5
7.5
11.0
7.5
11.2
5.8
4.9
6.0
6.0
6.6
3.6
5.1
5.8
6.2
5.8
5.2
3.1
13.7
3.7
4.6
3.8
5.4
2.2
5.4
2.5
4.2
9.0
See footnotes at end of table.
70
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed
Population group and
State
Managerial and
professional specialty
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniNumber
Profesadministracians and
(In thou- Percent
sional
tive, and
related
sands)
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Handlers,
Precision
Farming,
equipService producAdminiMachine
forestry,
ment
Transporoccupation,
strative
operators,
and fishcraft, and
tation and cleaners,
tions
support,
asseming
material helpers,
repair
including
blers, and
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
laborers
Women
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
943
137
985
546
6,796
998
780
178
123
3,215
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.8
16.1
13.7
11.7
15.7
19.2
15.3
13.5
20.3
13.9
16.0
18.2
16.0
14.7
18.0
18.2
19.9
16.9
26.0
15.9
3.5
2.9
3.9
3.5
3.5
4.4
3.3
4.5
4.9
4.4
16.4
15.3
14.9
11.7
13.0
14.1
12.3
12.4
8.1
15.1
24.4
24.1
26.3
22.2
22.9
21.1
23.6
26.4
21.1
25.2
15.1
16.8
17.3
19.8
16.7
14.9
16.0
18.0
15.4
18.0
1.9
1.5
2.0
2.9
1.9
2.4
2.4
1.7
.8
1.8
7.8
1.5
3.5
9.2
4.7
1.8
5.0
2.8
.8
2.5
1.0
.7
.9
.7
.7
1.2
.5
1.1
.8
.8
1.7
1.5
.9
2.2
1.5
1.8
1.4
1.7
.8
1.5
.5
.7
.8
1.3
1.4
.8
.3
1.1
(1)
1.0
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
1,842
282
274
2,786
1,400
710
634
849
903
294
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.3
11.3
10.9
14.6
13.0
11.3
13.1
12.0
13.1
14.3
15.0
14.9
15.0
16.9
13.9
16.9
16.6
17.6
15.5
16.7
3.7
2.5
2.9
3.7
3.6
4.1
3.6
3.5
3.8
2.7
12.6
16.3
12.0
13.3
13.0
13.2
12.6
13.3
13.6
13.9
23.5
27.0
22.3
24.6
24.6
23.9
23.7
23.2
25.9
22.4
16.1
21.3
21.9
16.6
16.1
19.3
18.6
18.5
20.4
17.3
2.3
1.4
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.4
1.1
2.7
8.2
2.1
5.5
4.6
7.7
4.5
4.3
5.8
2.8
5.4
1.6
.7
1.5
.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
.7
1.8
1.0
1.7
.7
2.6
1.8
3.5
1.5
2.4
2.4
1.3
1.7
.8
1.8
2.9
.8
1.1
1.8
1.9
.9
1.0
1.7
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
1,250
1,504
2,211
1,233
567
1,278
207
421
397
299
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.3
15.7
12.7
16.8
9.9
14.9
13.5
10.9
13.9
12.4
23.1
19.4
16.2
18.5
19.2
19.8
15.9
16.6
12.6
19.7
4.8
3.2
3.8
4.1
3.5
3.4
3.4
4.5
2.8
3.7
10.0
12.7
13.3
10.7
12.3
13.1
12.1
12.6
15.9
12.7
25.0
22.9
23.3
21.5
21.5
26.1
23.7
24.7
23.7
22.4
14.6
17.6
18.5
18.2
18.2
12.5
21.7
19.0
25.9
15.4
1.4
2.1
2.0
2.5
2.8
2.1
1.4
1.9
1.3
3.3
2.2
4.0
6.4
3.9
8.8
3.9
1.9
3.8
2.0
7.0
.5
.6
1.0
.7
.5
1.4
1.0
.2
.8
1.0
.7
1.2
2.3
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.1
1.0
1.0
.4
.6
.5
1.6
1.6
1.4
3.9
4.0
.5
1.0
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
1,857
360
3,889
1,695
161
2,569
716
747
2,665
227
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.7
14.4
13.2
12.3
10.6
13.4
12.3
14.1
12.3
12.8
19.1
19.4
19.5
16.5
15.5
16.7
17.2
15.7
17.9
17.6
4.0
3.3
3.6
3.9
3.1
4.4
4.3
2.4
3.9
4.8
12.9
13.3
12.7
13.6
13.0
12.7
12.8
14.2
12.3
13.2
25.9
22.2
24.6
21.4
22.4
22.1
25.0
23.7
25.1
22.5
16.2
18.6
18.2
15.6
24.8
19.2
17.5
19.7
18.3
17.2
1.3
1.9
1.6
3.1
1.2
1.8
2.7
1.6
1.7
2.2
4.1
2.8
4.2
9.6
2.5
5.3
4.1
3.9
4.7
7.0
.8
1.1
.8
.9
.6
1.0
.7
.8
1.0
.4
1.4
1.1
1.2
1.8
1.2
2.6
1.7
2.0
1.5
2.2
.4
1.4
.5
1.4
5.0
.9
1.8
2.0
1.2
.4
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
915
182
1,255
4,274
463
153
1,553
1,313
346
1,341
111
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.1
11.5
13.4
13.9
12.7
13.1
15.8
16.0
10.4
12.2
12.6
17.5
15.4
14.3
17.3
16.6
19.0
19.9
18.4
16.2
17.3
15.3
3.5
2.7
4.9
3.3
3.0
2.6
3.4
4.5
6.1
3.4
2.7
13.2
12.1
12.8
13.7
14.3
13.7
12.9
13.1
15.0
11.3
12.6
21.2
20.9
24.2
24.3
27.2
24.2
22.8
21.4
24.0
25.4
24.3
18.0
22.5
15.5
18.7
14.9
17.0
15.4
17.8
21.1
17.8
22.5
1.6
2.2
2.5
1.9
1.9
2.6
1.7
1.7
1.4
2.1
1.8
8.6
5.5
7.6
3.4
5.6
4.6
4.6
2.4
2.9
6.2
.9
1.3
(1)
1.4
.8
.6
.7
1.1
1.1
.6
.7
1.8
2.1
1.6
2.4
1.5
2.4
1.3
1.4
2.0
1.4
2.8
1.8
.9
4.4
1.1
1.1
.9
1.3
1.0
1.6
.9
.7
5.4
See footnotes at end of table.
71
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed
Population group and
State
Managerial and
professional specialty
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniNumber
Profesadministracians and
(In thou- Percent
sional
tive, and
related
sands)
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Handlers,
Precision
Farming,
equipService producAdminiMachine
forestry,
ment
Transporoccupation,
strative
operators,
and fishcraft, and
tation and cleaners,
tions
support,
asseming
material helpers,
repair
including
blers, and
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
laborers
White
Alabama .......................
1,563
Alaska ...........................
246
Arizona .........................
2,010
Arkansas .......................
972
California ...................... 12,394
Colorado .......................
2,031
Connecticut ...................
1,452
Delaware ......................
293
District of Columbia ......
102
Florida ...........................
5,763
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.5
16.7
14.9
12.2
15.8
17.7
18.1
17.1
29.4
16.0
14.4
17.1
14.6
12.4
15.7
18.8
18.5
16.0
39.2
14.7
3.3
4.1
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.6
2.9
3.4
5.9
3.5
15.9
12.6
12.9
12.3
12.1
13.3
12.0
10.9
5.9
14.7
14.0
13.4
14.3
13.5
12.7
12.8
14.1
15.4
9.8
14.8
8.1
11.0
14.6
12.6
13.4
11.1
11.6
14.0
6.9
13.0
13.5
11.8
11.4
12.0
10.5
11.2
11.2
11.3
2.0
11.2
6.4
2.0
3.3
7.7
5.1
2.5
5.0
4.1
(1)
2.7
4.2
4.9
3.2
4.7
3.6
3.1
2.4
3.1
(1)
3.4
3.1
3.7
3.6
4.9
4.0
3.7
3.0
3.4
1.0
3.6
2.7
3.3
3.6
4.0
4.1
2.0
1.1
2.0
(1)
2.4
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
2,659
145
605
5,012
2,765
1,476
1,236
1,711
1,364
616
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.2
13.1
11.7
16.3
13.4
11.4
14.3
14.0
14.7
12.8
14.7
20.0
13.1
14.8
12.3
13.1
14.9
14.5
15.9
14.3
3.0
2.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
3.7
3.2
2.9
3.5
2.3
13.1
15.9
10.7
12.8
11.2
12.3
11.9
11.8
11.5
12.2
13.4
10.3
12.2
14.1
14.0
13.3
13.8
13.9
15.4
13.6
9.3
18.6
14.0
12.2
11.5
13.4
12.3
12.4
11.1
12.8
12.7
8.3
12.2
10.6
12.3
11.7
11.3
12.0
12.6
13.3
5.8
1.4
6.1
6.5
10.8
6.1
5.9
6.6
4.3
6.8
4.2
1.4
5.3
4.0
4.5
4.7
3.8
5.0
5.1
4.4
3.2
2.8
5.1
4.0
4.8
4.2
3.6
4.2
3.4
3.4
2.4
4.8
6.4
1.9
2.4
6.0
4.9
2.7
2.6
3.9
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
1,854
2,958
4,194
2,472
794
2,475
416
846
769
615
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.2
16.7
13.8
16.7
14.0
14.1
13.0
11.7
15.2
15.6
22.4
18.0
14.4
16.5
18.5
15.4
13.9
13.2
11.6
16.9
3.9
2.9
3.0
3.5
3.3
3.2
2.4
3.5
2.6
3.4
11.1
11.6
11.8
11.2
11.7
12.8
12.0
12.3
13.0
12.2
12.6
14.3
13.3
12.9
13.0
15.0
13.2
14.5
13.1
13.7
10.2
13.7
12.3
12.5
9.7
10.2
14.9
13.0
20.2
12.0
11.5
10.9
13.3
10.8
13.5
12.1
10.8
8.9
12.4
10.9
2.4
4.5
8.2
5.3
5.9
5.8
2.6
5.3
2.9
6.7
2.0
2.9
3.7
3.6
4.8
4.5
4.6
4.1
4.3
4.1
1.7
3.1
4.1
2.8
2.3
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.4
2.9
2.0
1.4
2.2
4.1
3.3
3.4
8.2
9.7
1.6
1.8
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
3,190
688
6,684
2,789
324
4,808
1,317
1,539
5,119
442
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.0
14.4
15.6
15.0
11.4
14.5
13.0
13.9
14.4
14.0
16.6
16.6
16.9
14.4
12.0
14.4
15.3
14.9
15.4
16.5
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.4
3.1
3.4
3.1
2.2
3.4
3.8
13.3
11.2
12.9
13.2
12.7
11.9
11.7
12.3
11.7
12.9
15.2
12.8
15.0
12.1
12.7
13.3
15.0
13.3
14.4
13.6
11.8
14.1
14.2
9.7
15.4
12.9
12.0
14.4
12.9
14.0
10.0
12.1
9.5
14.4
9.3
11.3
11.9
10.7
10.8
10.6
4.7
3.1
4.5
7.7
3.7
7.6
5.8
6.0
6.3
7.2
3.7
4.7
3.7
3.8
4.3
4.6
4.4
4.1
4.2
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.1
3.9
3.9
3.4
4.4
3.4
1.2
4.1
1.4
2.9
12.0
2.1
3.9
4.8
2.2
1.1
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
1,408
366
2,177
8,194
983
314
2,618
2,635
722
2,683
238
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.7
11.5
15.5
14.6
13.6
13.7
18.1
16.0
11.1
13.7
12.2
15.8
12.8
13.1
14.7
15.9
16.2
18.8
16.6
14.4
13.9
12.2
3.5
2.7
3.6
3.1
3.2
2.5
3.5
3.8
4.0
2.6
2.5
13.2
12.3
12.1
11.9
14.0
11.8
12.1
12.1
13.3
10.5
10.9
12.2
12.0
13.6
13.8
15.5
14.6
13.1
12.1
14.0
14.6
13.0
11.0
15.6
9.9
13.0
11.2
12.4
10.7
12.2
14.1
12.4
14.3
14.0
10.1
12.8
12.5
11.2
12.7
12.3
10.3
11.8
12.4
13.4
7.6
6.6
8.2
4.6
5.1
5.4
4.0
4.1
5.1
8.5
2.9
3.9
3.6
4.5
4.3
3.3
4.1
2.7
4.7
6.4
4.4
7.1
3.1
3.6
4.1
4.0
4.7
2.5
2.8
4.1
4.0
4.4
3.8
1.9
9.3
2.7
3.5
2.3
3.5
1.9
3.9
1.7
2.7
7.1
See footnotes at end of table.
72
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed
Population group and
State
Managerial and
professional specialty
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniNumber
Profesadministracians and
(In thou- Percent
sional
tive, and
related
sands)
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Handlers,
Precision
Farming,
equipService producAdminiMachine
forestry,
ment
Transporoccupation,
strative
operators,
and fishcraft, and
tation and cleaners,
tions
support,
asseming
material helpers,
repair
including
blers, and
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
laborers
Black
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
473
10
75
158
987
57
174
74
135
986
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.8
10.0
10.7
5.1
14.3
15.8
7.5
9.5
14.1
6.5
7.6
10.0
13.3
9.5
16.3
5.3
9.2
10.8
14.8
8.0
2.5
(1)
1.3
1.3
2.6
1.8
1.7
4.1
3.0
2.7
9.7
10.0
16.0
5.1
9.1
7.0
13.2
5.4
9.6
11.1
13.1
20.0
18.7
10.1
21.5
24.6
19.0
23.0
19.3
15.4
20.1
30.0
20.0
27.2
17.4
15.8
21.8
17.6
23.7
26.7
10.6
10.0
5.3
7.0
7.2
12.3
10.9
10.8
4.4
9.6
15.6
(1)
8.0
17.7
2.5
5.3
7.5
8.1
2.2
5.8
5.3
(1)
5.3
8.2
4.6
3.5
4.0
8.1
5.2
6.8
6.3
(1)
1.3
7.0
3.7
8.8
4.6
2.7
3.7
4.5
2.3
(1)
(1)
2.5
.6
1.8
.6
(1)
(1)
2.8
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
1,137
8
720
190
21
78
106
536
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.1
12.5
8.3
11.1
(1)
11.5
7.5
7.1
8.8
25.0
13.1
8.9
14.3
7.7
9.4
9.1
2.8
(1)
2.4
1.1
4.8
2.6
5.7
2.4
8.4
12.5
10.7
8.4
19.0
10.3
6.6
10.6
14.9
12.5
19.7
21.6
9.5
19.2
12.3
14.0
17.1
25.0
20.3
20.5
33.3
21.8
28.3
24.1
9.0
12.5
7.1
6.3
(1)
6.4
8.5
7.5
14.2
(1)
6.5
6.8
14.3
6.4
15.1
7.3
7.8
(1)
6.5
7.4
(1)
3.8
3.8
8.8
6.9
12.5
5.0
9.5
(1)
9.0
2.8
6.9
1.0
(1)
.4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.1
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
670
135
525
65
394
226
26
55
6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.3
5.9
9.1
9.2
5.1
15.0
11.5
7.3
16.7
11.9
14.1
9.9
10.8
9.4
15.0
7.7
5.5
16.7
3.9
5.9
4.0
3.1
2.5
2.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
8.7
6.7
9.9
10.8
8.4
9.7
15.4
10.9
(1)
20.4
11.9
14.3
15.4
11.4
18.6
19.2
16.4
16.7
18.4
28.1
22.1
23.1
19.5
18.1
15.4
41.8
16.7
6.6
7.4
6.3
7.7
9.9
3.5
15.4
5.5
16.7
3.7
8.9
12.8
6.2
15.5
4.4
3.8
(1)
(1)
5.8
4.4
6.5
6.2
6.9
5.8
3.8
7.3
(1)
5.5
6.7
4.8
9.2
7.4
7.1
3.8
5.5
(1)
.7
.7
.2
(1)
3.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
566
15
1,207
757
539
126
33
420
22
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.8
13.3
9.4
6.9
9.3
12.7
18.2
7.6
4.5
12.0
20.0
12.8
10.0
9.5
10.3
6.1
12.6
9.1
3.5
6.7
3.6
3.8
3.0
2.4
(1)
3.3
4.5
9.5
6.7
9.2
10.2
9.1
10.3
12.1
11.2
9.1
18.0
20.0
17.3
13.1
15.2
11.9
24.2
21.2
18.2
22.4
13.3
27.8
17.4
24.3
23.0
18.2
23.6
27.3
5.7
13.3
7.6
8.7
7.6
5.6
6.1
6.9
13.6
5.1
(1)
3.9
14.9
8.3
10.3
6.1
5.2
9.1
5.8
6.7
4.3
6.1
6.5
5.6
6.1
3.8
(1)
5.5
6.7
3.4
6.7
6.3
6.3
3.0
4.3
4.5
.5
(1)
.6
2.2
.9
1.6
1
( )
.2
(1)
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
464
2
446
1,098
7
1
642
73
20
100
2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.2
(1)
9.0
9.3
28.6
(1)
10.6
12.3
10.0
17.0
(1)
7.3
(1)
5.8
12.6
14.3
(1)
10.4
16.4
10.0
9.0
(1)
3.0
(1)
4.0
3.3
(1)
(1)
2.2
4.1
(1)
1.0
(1)
9.1
(1)
9.4
11.8
(1)
(1)
9.5
9.6
10.0
11.0
(1)
11.4
(1)
17.0
17.2
14.3
(1)
16.0
15.1
20.0
16.0
(1)
20.0
(1)
23.1
20.9
28.6
(1)
19.9
20.5
30.0
21.0
50.0
10.3
(1)
9.4
7.7
(1)
(1)
8.4
11.0
5.0
8.0
(1)
18.3
(1)
9.0
4.9
(1)
(1)
8.9
4.1
5.0
8.0
(1)
6.3
(1)
6.7
5.9
(1)
(1)
6.9
5.5
(1)
2.0
(1)
6.7
(1)
5.4
5.3
(1)
(1)
6.2
1.4
5.0
5.0
(1)
2.6
(1)
1.3
1.0
(1)
(1)
.9
(1)
5.0
1.0
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
73
Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed
Population group and
State
Managerial and
professional specialty
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniNumber
Profesadministracians and
(In thou- Percent
sional
tive, and
related
sands)
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Handlers,
Precision
Farming,
equipService producAdminiMachine
forestry,
ment
Transporoccupation,
strative
operators,
and fishcraft, and
tation and cleaners,
tions
support,
asseming
material helpers,
repair
including
blers, and
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
laborers
Hispanic origin
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
20
7
535
17
4,130
281
132
14
16
1,158
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.0
(1)
8.2
5.9
6.8
7.1
6.8
7.1
12.5
11.1
10.0
14.3
5.0
11.8
5.8
7.8
6.8
7.1
12.5
9.7
5.0
(1)
2.6
(1)
1.8
2.5
2.3
(1)
6.3
3.5
20.0
14.3
11.2
(1)
8.7
10.7
9.8
(1)
6.3
12.6
5.0
14.3
12.0
11.8
12.0
14.6
10.6
14.3
6.3
15.1
20.0
28.6
20.9
17.6
19.4
16.7
21.2
35.7
37.5
18.0
5.0
14.3
14.4
17.6
12.7
17.4
17.4
14.3
6.3
11.9
20.0
(1)
6.4
23.5
11.5
4.6
15.9
14.3
(1)
4.4
(1)
(1)
4.3
(1)
5.1
4.6
2.3
(1)
6.3
4.4
10.0
14.3
6.2
5.9
7.1
9.6
6.8
(1)
6.3
5.6
5.0
(1)
8.8
5.9
9.2
3.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
3.8
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
101
16
57
529
63
34
58
16
47
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.9
6.3
3.5
7.4
4.8
2.9
6.9
6.3
17.0
8.9
6.3
3.5
4.9
12.7
8.8
5.2
31.3
10.6
(1)
(1)
(1)
2.1
1.6
(1)
1.7
(1)
2.1
9.9
12.5
5.3
6.8
12.7
2.9
10.3
6.3
17.0
7.9
6.3
5.3
11.9
4.8
2.9
15.5
6.3
10.6
9.9
31.3
14.0
16.4
17.5
20.6
15.5
18.8
14.9
20.8
12.5
12.3
13.0
14.3
23.5
19.0
6.3
14.9
13.9
(1)
15.8
19.3
17.5
17.6
10.3
6.3
2.1
4.0
(1)
5.3
5.3
3.2
2.9
1.7
(1)
6.4
6.9
6.3
14.0
9.3
7.9
5.9
8.6
6.3
2.1
5.9
12.5
19.3
3.6
3.2
5.9
5.2
12.5
2.1
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
116
130
143
57
14
34
8
29
129
8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.2
4.6
6.3
8.8
(1)
14.7
12.5
10.3
3.9
12.5
16.4
10.8
6.3
7.0
21.4
5.9
(1)
6.9
2.3
12.5
.9
.8
.7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1.6
(1)
6.9
6.2
7.0
5.3
(1)
20.6
12.5
6.9
10.1
12.5
8.6
10.8
11.2
5.3
14.3
(1)
12.5
10.3
9.3
(1)
21.6
36.2
26.6
43.9
21.4
11.8
25.0
17.2
35.7
25.0
16.4
9.2
10.5
8.8
14.3
11.8
12.5
17.2
14.7
(1)
5.2
14.6
16.1
17.5
14.3
14.7
(1)
17.2
5.4
12.5
1.7
1.5
4.9
3.5
(1)
5.9
(1)
3.4
3.9
(1)
6.9
4.6
6.3
1.8
7.1
11.8
(1)
10.3
9.3
12.5
5.2
.8
4.2
(1)
(1)
2.9
12.5
(1)
4.7
(1)
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
437
290
1,101
108
2
72
48
125
116
27
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.5
8.3
9.7
2.8
(1)
8.3
6.3
6.4
6.9
7.4
8.0
8.6
6.4
4.6
(1)
6.9
8.3
3.2
9.5
3.7
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.9
(1)
1.4
2.1
1.6
2.6
(1)
8.9
10.0
10.0
5.6
(1)
9.7
8.3
4.8
7.8
3.7
15.6
14.5
14.5
1.9
(1)
12.5
10.4
8.0
18.1
14.8
18.8
19.7
26.0
12.0
50.0
18.1
20.8
17.6
14.7
11.1
9.4
15.2
8.7
22.2
(1)
12.5
10.4
9.6
11.2
14.8
15.8
4.5
8.7
14.8
(1)
18.1
10.4
15.2
14.7
29.6
6.4
5.9
5.4
2.8
(1)
6.9
4.2
2.4
2.6
3.7
5.7
5.5
7.5
10.2
(1)
4.2
12.5
6.4
6.0
7.4
.9
5.2
1.2
20.4
(1)
1.4
6.3
24.0
5.2
(1)
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
15
5
19
2,695
62
2
106
127
48
11
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.3
(1)
(1)
7.3
6.5
(1)
7.5
6.3
8.3
(1)
(1)
(1)
15.8
6.9
6.5
50.0
6.6
5.5
6.3
9.1
(1)
(1)
5.3
2.3
3.2
(1)
4.7
2.4
2.1
(1)
6.7
20.0
(1)
9.9
8.1
(1)
8.5
4.7
6.3
(1)
13.3
(1)
21.1
12.7
8.1
(1)
14.2
11.8
8.3
9.1
26.7
(1)
15.8
19.6
14.5
(1)
33.0
19.7
12.5
18.2
13.3
20.0
15.8
16.6
24.2
(1)
14.2
13.4
18.8
18.2
26.7
20.0
15.8
8.2
12.9
(1)
1.9
4.7
16.7
9.1
(1)
(1)
(1)
5.4
3.2
(1)
.9
1.6
8.3
9.1
(1)
20.0
(1)
6.9
9.7
(1)
7.5
7.1
12.5
9.1
(1)
20.0
5.3
4.3
1.6
(1)
1.9
23.6
(1)
9.1
1 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total
employed.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of
rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals
because data for the defaultother racesdefault group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
74
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Employment status and State
Total2
Total3
Total4
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
Nondurable and public utiligoods
ties
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services5
Government
Agriculture
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Alabama .................................
2,144
Alaska .....................................
316
Arizona ...................................
2,266
Arkansas .................................
1,208
California ................................ 16,232
Colorado .................................
2,241
Connecticut .............................
1,703
Delaware ................................
392
District of Columbia ................
265
Florida .....................................
7,207
2,082
311
2,182
1,152
15,396
2,181
1,676
382
262
6,980
1,633
199
1,744
897
11,712
1,692
1,380
307
179
5,691
132
21
172
61
716
146
75
22
8
488
406
10
267
226
2,314
248
325
50
6
608
222
(6)
199
114
1,467
150
218
16
(6)
372
184
7
68
112
847
98
107
33
6
235
83
26
115
66
816
123
96
21
13
475
444
58
492
255
3,068
430
277
76
34
1,646
109
11
146
50
848
142
142
43
12
536
447
65
545
235
3,922
589
464
95
105
1,933
313
76
293
164
2,165
314
187
53
69
886
(6)
(6)
70
45
608
6
( )
(6)
(6)
(6)
164
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
4,002
593
651
6,206
3,084
1,568
1,409
1,916
2,044
649
3,883
565
603
6,073
3,001
1,462
1,337
1,855
1,977
627
3,067
413
444
5,055
2,508
1,149
1,002
1,494
1,519
481
221
32
40
294
150
69
65
126
116
28
738
19
104
1,115
774
260
213
319
229
106
340
(6)
58
668
600
141
129
193
85
51
398
16
46
448
174
119
84
127
144
55
312
47
31
407
168
66
73
118
112
25
746
127
123
1,235
579
317
250
402
423
133
214
35
24
425
167
97
70
86
87
35
831
153
118
1,572
666
337
322
416
481
154
581
108
104
717
313
204
224
259
311
79
85
25
41
96
6
( )
98
63
46
45
6
( )
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
2,748
3,267
5,014
2,679
1,260
2,849
466
915
918
652
2,683
3,203
4,882
2,560
1,209
2,748
429
826
898
639
1,888
2,592
4,052
2,012
924
2,192
291
653
735
507
174
140
241
116
70
163
22
38
74
6
( )
195
501
1,206
408
244
409
32
106
48
133
107
315
949
259
133
228
24
53
28
99
88
186
257
149
111
181
8
53
6
( )
33
115
144
182
130
73
174
23
51
45
29
464
622
1,009
539
221
563
97
187
171
125
204
217
239
159
55
156
16
64
49
36
737
965
1,174
650
243
720
97
206
338
158
624
374
564
359
206
387
81
123
105
82
(6)
(6)
94
102
41
90
34
85
6
( )
6
( )
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
4,136
826
8,828
3,786
346
5,658
1,623
1,758
5,909
496
4,071
791
8,626
3,656
304
5,524
1,558
1,672
5,770
489
3,318
544
6,639
2,920
225
4,534
1,170
1,271
4,747
408
186
47
361
201
16
241
72
89
254
20
562
53
1,013
857
25
1,167
212
290
1,029
100
242
35
541
420
15
774
137
200
605
66
319
18
473
437
(6)
393
76
90
425
34
289
42
511
178
17
267
91
85
333
16
797
160
1,682
716
73
1,183
332
335
1,128
101
313
36
703
178
14
295
71
82
333
34
1,168
184
2,362
784
78
1,357
353
390
1,655
135
546
169
1,466
498
57
672
264
235
634
55
39
30
98
112
40
106
55
74
107
(6)
South Carolina ........................
1,953
South Dakota ..........................
397
Tennessee ..............................
2,752
Texas ...................................... 10,069
Utah ........................................
1,060
Vermont ..................................
330
Virginia ....................................
3,476
Washington .............................
3,031
West Virginia ..........................
793
Wisconsin ...............................
2,946
Wyoming .................................
257
1,904
359
2,675
9,644
1,030
318
3,397
2,906
772
2,869
237
1,490
261
2,064
7,619
803
247
2,620
2,239
578
2,291
166
113
17
135
600
71
14
188
177
38
147
15
436
49
505
1,342
132
48
428
453
89
645
13
203
30
319
734
89
31
224
328
47
416
7
233
19
186
609
43
17
204
125
42
229
6
88
14
159
691
52
6
( )
198
159
47
116
16
386
79
510
2,034
220
63
636
604
165
564
49
91
24
150
520
61
14
239
148
34
173
8
374
79
601
2,285
252
96
923
691
179
641
44
304
67
366
1,348
157
36
585
452
134
386
50
(6)
36
(6)
330
(6)
6
( )
(6)
103
(6)
(6)
18
See footnotes at end of table.
75
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Employment status and State
Total2
Total3
Total4
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
Nondurable and public utiligoods
ties
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services5
Government
Agriculture
EMPLOYED
Alabama .................................
2,062
Alaska .....................................
299
Arizona ...................................
2,178
Arkansas .................................
1,148
California ................................ 15,361
Colorado .................................
2,159
Connecticut .............................
1,652
Delaware ................................
377
District of Columbia ................
244
Florida .....................................
6,918
2,003
295
2,103
1,096
14,601
2,103
1,627
369
241
6,708
1,562
186
1,676
846
11,006
1,623
1,334
295
162
5,446
124
19
165
55
642
140
67
21
6
464
386
9
258
213
2,179
241
318
48
6
583
213
(6)
193
108
1,396
146
213
15
(6)
356
173
6
65
105
782
95
106
32
6
227
81
25
113
64
783
119
95
21
12
457
421
53
466
237
2,850
410
265
73
28
1,565
108
11
143
49
819
138
139
42
11
522
431
61
523
225
3,706
564
447
91
99
1,850
306
73
287
161
2,110
307
186
52
65
869
(6)
(6)
64
42
552
6
( )
(6)
(6)
(6)
155
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
3,852
560
620
5,946
2,993
1,526
1,357
1,835
1,945
622
3,743
535
576
5,824
2,910
1,423
1,287
1,777
1,887
601
2,947
387
421
4,829
2,423
1,116
958
1,425
1,437
459
207
27
36
274
137
66
61
116
104
26
708
17
98
1,078
756
254
204
306
219
102
329
(6)
55
651
587
137
125
185
81
49
379
15
43
427
169
116
80
121
138
53
304
45
30
389
165
65
72
115
109
24
711
118
117
1,161
550
304
237
380
399
127
211
34
24
417
164
96
68
85
84
34
801
145
112
1,504
646
328
307
398
455
147
565
105
100
705
310
200
219
252
307
76
78
22
39
88
6
( )
97
62
44
39
6
( )
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
2,631
3,164
4,835
2,613
1,200
2,738
442
892
880
633
2,567
3,104
4,714
2,500
1,153
2,641
406
804
861
621
1,790
2,504
3,903
1,960
872
2,093
272
633
702
491
166
130
223
109
63
153
19
37
70
6
( )
185
484
1,169
399
233
391
30
103
46
129
101
305
922
253
130
220
22
52
27
97
84
179
247
146
103
171
8
51
6
( )
32
111
139
175
127
70
168
22
50
44
29
433
595
966
521
203
535
90
180
161
120
195
214
235
158
54
153
15
64
47
35
700
938
1,134
636
232
687
93
199
325
153
612
366
552
354
203
380
78
122
102
82
(6)
(6)
89
98
39
88
33
84
6
( )
6
( )
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
3,963
780
8,372
3,663
336
5,437
1,554
1,664
5,661
474
3,902
748
8,191
3,540
294
5,314
1,492
1,581
5,532
467
3,167
509
6,270
2,813
217
4,340
1,112
1,192
4,529
387
172
40
326
191
14
214
67
82
228
19
540
50
967
826
24
1,122
205
272
994
95
236
33
521
407
15
747
133
189
587
63
304
17
446
419
(6)
375
72
83
407
32
282
40
491
175
16
260
87
81
322
16
754
148
1,568
683
71
1,125
312
311
1,069
95
304
34
681
176
13
287
69
79
327
34
1,112
175
2,231
758
75
1,308
336
366
1,575
128
531
163
1,421
493
55
662
259
226
619
54
37
27
89
109
40
97
54
71
102
6
( )
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
1,884
386
2,644
9,631
1,023
319
3,386
2,895
747
2,853
246
1,837
349
2,573
9,226
994
308
3,312
2,777
728
2,779
227
1,430
253
1,970
7,243
772
238
2,545
2,130
539
2,209
157
105
15
126
564
68
13
182
161
31
137
13
421
47
486
1,293
127
47
420
434
83
632
12
197
30
309
712
86
31
220
316
43
408
6
225
18
177
582
41
16
201
118
40
224
6
85
13
153
665
51
6
( )
195
150
44
111
16
369
76
480
1,905
209
60
609
575
153
540
47
88
24
146
505
60
13
235
144
33
168
8
360
76
575
2,166
242
94
895
659
170
618
42
299
65
361
1,322
153
36
579
439
130
380
49
(6)
36
(6)
317
(6)
6
( )
(6)
96
(6)
(6)
17
See footnotes at end of table.
76
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Employment status and State
Total2
Total3
Total4
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
Nondurable and public utiligoods
ties
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services5
Government
Agriculture
UNEMPLOYED
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
82
18
88
60
871
81
51
14
22
289
79
17
79
55
795
78
49
13
21
271
71
14
69
51
706
68
47
12
16
245
9
2
7
6
74
7
8
1
2
24
20
1
9
13
135
7
7
2
7
( )
25
6
7
70
5
6
1
6
( )
17
11
1
4
7
65
2
1
1
7
( )
8
2
1
2
2
33
4
1
7
( )
1
18
23
4
26
18
218
21
12
4
5
81
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
150
33
31
260
92
42
52
81
99
27
140
30
28
249
90
39
50
78
90
25
120
26
24
226
85
34
44
69
82
21
14
5
4
19
13
3
4
10
11
2
30
2
6
37
18
6
9
14
11
4
11
(6)
3
17
13
4
5
8
4
2
19
2
3
21
5
2
4
5
7
2
7
2
1
18
2
2
1
4
3
1
36
8
6
74
28
13
12
22
25
6
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
118
103
179
65
59
110
25
23
37
19
115
98
168
60
56
107
23
22
36
18
98
89
148
52
52
99
19
20
33
16
7
11
18
8
7
10
3
1
4
6
( )
10
16
36
9
12
17
2
4
2
4
5
10
27
6
4
8
2
2
1
2
4
7
10
3
8
10
(7)
2
(6)
1
4
5
7
3
2
6
1
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
173
47
456
123
10
222
69
95
248
22
169
43
435
116
10
210
66
91
238
21
151
35
369
107
7
194
58
79
218
20
13
7
35
10
1
28
5
7
27
2
22
3
46
32
1
45
8
18
36
5
6
2
19
14
(7)
27
4
11
17
3
16
1
27
18
(6)
18
4
7
18
2
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
69
11
108
438
38
11
90
136
46
94
12
66
10
102
418
36
10
86
128
44
90
11
59
8
93
376
31
9
75
110
39
82
9
9
1
9
36
3
1
6
16
7
11
2
15
2
19
49
4
1
7
19
6
13
1
6
1
10
22
3
1
4
12
4
8
(7)
8
1
9
27
1
1
3
7
2
5
(7)
(6)
See footnotes at end of table.
77
9
16
4
21
11
217
25
16
4
6
83
7
3
6
3
55
7
1
1
4
17
8
3
1
3
1
3
1
30
8
6
69
20
10
15
18
27
7
16
3
4
13
3
4
4
6
5
2
1
1
31
27
43
17
19
28
7
8
11
5
9
3
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
37
27
40
14
11
33
5
6
13
5
12
8
11
5
3
7
3
1
3
7
( )
8
1
20
3
1
7
3
4
11
1
43
12
114
33
2
58
20
23
59
5
9
2
22
2
(7)
7
2
3
6
(7)
56
9
131
27
2
49
17
24
80
7
14
6
46
4
2
10
5
9
15
(7)
3
17
2
30
129
11
4
27
28
11
24
3
3
13
2
26
119
10
2
28
32
9
23
3
5
2
5
27
4
1
7
13
3
7
1
(7)
(7)
5
26
2
(6)
3
9
3
5
(7)
(7)
1
3
1
29
4
3
1
1
14
(7)
(7)
3
1
4
14
1
1
4
4
1
6
(7)
(6)
(6)
6
3
56
(6)
6
( )
(6)
(6)
9
(6)
(6)
8
3
3
7
1
1
2
5
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
6
4
2
2
1
1
2
3
8
4
1
9
1
3
4
(6)
1
(6)
13
(6)
6
( )
(6)
7
(6)
(6)
1
Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Employment status and State
Total2
Total3
Total4
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
Nondurable and public utiligoods
ties
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services5
Government
Agriculture
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
3.8
5.5
3.9
5.0
5.4
3.6
3.0
3.7
8.3
4.0
3.8
5.4
3.7
4.8
5.2
3.6
2.9
3.5
8.2
3.9
4.3
6.7
4.0
5.7
6.0
4.0
3.4
4.0
9.3
4.3
6.5
11.7
4.0
9.7
10.3
4.5
10.2
6.1
23.5
4.9
4.9
10.1
3.6
5.9
5.9
2.9
2.1
4.0
4.5
4.1
4.0
(6)
2.9
5.9
4.8
3.2
2.6
6.0
(6)
4.5
5.9
9.5
5.4
5.9
7.7
2.5
1.0
3.0
4.6
3.5
2.9
3.6
1.7
2.6
4.0
3.2
1.4
2.0
9.5
3.7
5.1
7.6
5.3
7.2
7.1
4.8
4.3
5.1
15.5
4.9
.5
2.1
2.3
1.5
3.4
2.6
1.9
2.2
11.8
2.6
3.6
5.7
4.0
4.5
5.5
4.3
3.5
3.9
6.2
4.3
2.2
3.4
2.1
2.1
2.6
2.4
.5
1.9
5.6
1.9
(6)
(6)
8.8
6.1
9.2
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
5.7
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
3.7
5.7
4.8
4.2
3.0
2.7
3.7
4.2
4.8
4.2
3.6
5.4
4.6
4.1
3.0
2.7
3.8
4.1
4.5
4.1
3.9
6.3
5.3
4.5
3.4
2.9
4.4
4.6
5.4
4.5
6.3
15.5
10.2
6.7
8.7
4.3
6.1
7.7
9.7
7.2
4.0
8.6
5.7
3.4
2.3
2.3
4.2
4.2
4.6
3.7
3.3
(6)
4.8
2.5
2.2
2.7
3.7
4.2
4.5
4.1
4.7
9.5
6.8
4.7
2.9
1.8
5.1
4.2
4.6
3.4
2.4
5.1
3.6
4.5
1.5
2.6
1.5
3.1
3.0
3.2
4.8
6.5
4.9
6.1
4.9
4.0
5.0
5.5
5.8
4.7
1.6
3.1
1.9
2.0
1.7
.5
3.7
1.6
3.9
2.5
3.6
5.0
4.7
4.4
3.0
2.9
4.7
4.2
5.5
4.8
2.8
3.0
3.6
1.8
.9
2.0
1.9
2.4
1.5
3.1
9.1
10.7
6.8
7.9
(6)
1.0
2.1
4.5
12.0
(6)
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
4.3
3.2
3.5
2.4
4.7
3.9
5.3
2.5
4.1
2.9
4.3
3.1
3.4
2.3
4.6
3.9
5.4
2.7
4.0
2.8
5.2
3.4
3.6
2.6
5.6
4.5
6.5
3.1
4.4
3.2
4.2
7.6
7.5
6.6
9.8
6.3
14.9
3.5
5.5
(6)
5.0
3.3
3.0
2.3
4.7
4.3
6.8
3.5
4.2
2.7
5.1
3.1
2.8
2.5
2.9
3.4
7.8
3.7
4.5
2.3
4.8
3.5
3.8
1.9
6.9
5.3
3.8
3.3
(6)
4.0
3.4
3.3
3.6
2.1
3.0
3.7
4.1
.8
2.1
2.1
6.7
4.3
4.2
3.2
8.4
5.0
7.2
4.2
6.2
4.0
4.6
1.3
1.8
.7
2.0
2.1
3.7
.8
2.7
2.2
5.0
2.8
3.4
2.1
4.4
4.6
4.8
3.1
3.9
3.3
1.9
2.1
2.0
1.4
1.6
1.8
3.7
1.2
2.4
.6
(6)
(6)
6.1
3.7
3.8
2.4
3.5
1.1
(6)
(6)
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
4.2
5.6
5.2
3.2
3.0
3.9
4.3
5.3
4.2
4.4
4.2
5.4
5.1
3.2
3.1
3.8
4.2
5.4
4.1
4.4
4.6
6.4
5.6
3.7
3.2
4.3
5.0
6.1
4.6
5.0
7.3
14.3
9.8
5.2
7.5
11.4
7.5
7.8
10.4
8.5
3.9
5.6
4.6
3.7
2.4
3.8
3.7
6.0
3.5
4.8
2.5
4.7
3.6
3.3
2.7
3.4
2.9
5.2
2.9
4.7
5.0
7.2
5.7
4.1
(6)
4.6
5.1
7.7
4.2
5.1
2.8
2.9
4.0
2.0
5.4
2.6
3.8
4.6
3.2
5.0
5.5
7.7
6.8
4.6
2.9
4.9
6.1
6.9
5.2
5.2
2.9
4.8
3.1
.9
1.6
2.4
3.0
4.0
1.9
1.1
4.8
4.9
5.6
3.4
2.8
3.6
4.9
6.0
4.9
5.4
2.6
3.5
3.1
.9
3.5
1.5
1.8
3.6
2.3
.8
5.4
9.3
8.5
3.2
1.5
8.1
2.5
3.5
4.1
(6)
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
3.6
2.6
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.3
2.6
4.5
5.8
3.2
4.5
3.5
2.7
3.8
4.3
3.5
3.1
2.5
4.4
5.7
3.2
4.5
4.0
3.0
4.5
4.9
3.9
3.6
2.9
4.9
6.7
3.6
5.6
7.9
7.3
6.6
6.0
4.6
7.1
3.3
9.0
18.5
7.4
14.4
3.4
3.1
3.8
3.7
3.1
2.9
1.7
4.2
6.3
2.0
4.1
3.0
2.2
3.1
3.0
3.1
2.2
1.7
3.7
7.7
1.9
4.7
3.7
4.6
4.9
4.5
3.1
4.1
1.6
5.6
4.8
2.3
3.5
3.4
1.0
3.2
3.8
2.9
(6)
1.7
5.9
7.2
4.1
3.0
4.5
3.0
5.9
6.3
4.9
5.6
4.2
4.7
7.0
4.3
5.4
2.8
.8
2.6
2.8
1.8
4.7
1.6
2.7
3.2
3.4
1.4
3.6
3.0
4.3
5.2
3.9
2.0
3.1
4.6
5.1
3.5
5.8
1.7
2.4
1.5
2.0
2.5
1.4
1.1
2.9
2.6
1.7
2.4
(6)
1.5
(6)
3.8
(6)
(6)
(6)
6.5
(6)
(6)
3.5
1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience.
2 Includes private household workers, self-employed and unpaid family
6 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in
that area. See appendix B.
7 Less than 500 persons.
NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of
rounding.
workers, and mining.
3 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining.
4 Includes mining.
5 Excludes private household workers.
78
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages
Total employed1
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and
State
Number
(In thou- Percent
sands)
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondurable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
and public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
Government
Agriculture
TOTAL
Alabama .......................
2,062
Alaska ...........................
299
Arizona .........................
2,178
Arkansas .......................
1,148
California ...................... 15,361
Colorado .......................
2,159
Connecticut ...................
1,652
Delaware ......................
377
District of Columbia ......
244
Florida ...........................
6,918
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.1
98.7
96.6
95.5
95.1
97.4
98.5
97.9
98.8
97.0
75.8
62.2
77.0
73.7
71.6
75.2
80.8
78.2
66.4
78.7
6.0
6.4
7.6
4.8
4.2
6.5
4.1
5.6
2.5
6.7
18.7
3.0
11.8
18.6
14.2
11.2
19.2
12.7
2.5
8.4
10.3
1.0
8.9
9.4
9.1
6.8
12.9
4.0
.4
5.1
8.4
2.0
3.0
9.1
5.1
4.4
6.4
8.5
2.5
3.3
3.9
8.4
5.2
5.6
5.1
5.5
5.8
5.6
4.9
6.6
20.4
17.7
21.4
20.6
18.6
19.0
16.0
19.4
11.5
22.6
5.2
3.7
6.6
4.3
5.3
6.4
8.4
11.1
4.5
7.5
20.9
20.4
24.0
19.6
24.1
26.1
27.1
24.1
40.6
26.7
14.8
24.4
13.2
14.0
13.7
14.2
11.3
13.8
26.6
12.6
2.2
1.0
2.9
3.7
3.6
2.1
1.0
1.9
.4
2.2
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
3,852
560
620
5,946
2,993
1,526
1,357
1,835
1,945
622
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.2
95.5
92.9
97.9
97.2
93.3
94.8
96.8
97.0
96.6
76.5
69.1
67.9
81.2
81.0
73.1
70.6
77.7
73.9
73.8
5.4
4.8
5.8
4.6
4.6
4.3
4.5
6.3
5.3
4.2
18.4
3.0
15.8
18.1
25.3
16.6
15.0
16.7
11.3
16.4
8.5
.5
8.9
10.9
19.6
9.0
9.2
10.1
4.2
7.9
9.8
2.7
6.9
7.2
5.6
7.6
5.9
6.6
7.1
8.5
7.9
8.0
4.8
6.5
5.5
4.3
5.3
6.3
5.6
3.9
18.5
21.1
18.9
19.5
18.4
19.9
17.5
20.7
20.5
20.4
5.5
6.1
3.9
7.0
5.5
6.3
5.0
4.6
4.3
5.5
20.8
25.9
18.1
25.3
21.6
21.5
22.6
21.7
23.4
23.6
14.7
18.8
16.1
11.9
10.4
13.1
16.1
13.7
15.8
12.2
2.0
3.9
6.3
1.5
2.4
6.4
4.6
2.4
2.0
2.6
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
2,631
3,164
4,835
2,613
1,200
2,738
442
892
880
633
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.6
98.1
97.5
95.7
96.1
96.5
91.9
90.1
97.8
98.1
68.0
79.1
80.7
75.0
72.7
76.4
61.5
71.0
79.8
77.6
6.3
4.1
4.6
4.2
5.3
5.6
4.3
4.1
8.0
3.9
7.0
15.3
24.2
15.3
19.4
14.3
6.8
11.5
5.2
20.4
3.8
9.6
19.1
9.7
10.8
8.0
5.0
5.8
3.1
15.3
3.2
5.7
5.1
5.6
8.6
6.2
1.8
5.7
2.2
5.1
4.2
4.4
3.6
4.9
5.8
6.1
5.0
5.6
5.0
4.6
16.5
18.8
20.0
19.9
16.9
19.5
20.4
20.2
18.3
19.0
7.4
6.8
4.9
6.0
4.5
5.6
3.4
7.2
5.3
5.5
26.6
29.6
23.5
24.3
19.3
25.1
21.0
22.3
36.9
24.2
23.3
11.6
11.4
13.5
16.9
13.9
17.6
13.7
11.6
13.0
1.6
1.3
1.8
3.8
3.3
3.2
7.5
9.4
1.5
1.4
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
3,963
780
8,372
3,663
336
5,437
1,554
1,664
5,661
474
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.5
95.9
97.8
96.6
87.5
97.7
96.0
95.0
97.7
98.5
79.9
65.3
74.9
76.8
64.6
79.8
71.6
71.6
80.0
81.6
4.3
5.1
3.9
5.2
4.2
3.9
4.3
4.9
4.0
4.0
13.6
6.4
11.6
22.5
7.1
20.6
13.2
16.3
17.6
20.0
6.0
4.2
6.2
11.1
4.5
13.7
8.6
11.4
10.4
13.3
7.7
2.2
5.3
11.4
2.7
6.9
4.6
5.0
7.2
6.8
7.1
5.1
5.9
4.8
4.8
4.8
5.6
4.9
5.7
3.4
19.0
19.0
18.7
18.6
21.1
20.7
20.1
18.7
18.9
20.0
7.7
4.4
8.1
4.8
3.9
5.3
4.4
4.7
5.8
7.2
28.1
22.4
26.6
20.7
22.3
24.1
21.6
22.0
27.8
27.0
13.4
20.9
17.0
13.5
16.4
12.2
16.7
13.6
10.9
11.4
.9
3.5
1.1
3.0
11.9
1.8
3.5
4.3
1.8
.8
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
1,884
386
2,644
9,631
1,023
319
3,386
2,895
747
2,853
246
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.5
90.4
97.3
95.8
97.2
96.6
97.8
95.9
97.5
97.4
92.3
75.9
65.5
74.5
75.2
75.5
74.6
75.2
73.6
72.2
77.4
63.8
5.6
3.9
4.8
5.9
6.6
4.1
5.4
5.6
4.1
4.8
5.3
22.3
12.2
18.4
13.4
12.4
14.7
12.4
15.0
11.1
22.2
4.9
10.5
7.8
11.7
7.4
8.4
9.7
6.5
10.9
5.8
14.3
2.4
11.9
4.7
6.7
6.0
4.0
5.0
5.9
4.1
5.4
7.9
2.4
4.5
3.4
5.8
6.9
5.0
3.1
5.8
5.2
5.9
3.9
6.5
19.6
19.7
18.2
19.8
20.4
18.8
18.0
19.9
20.5
18.9
19.1
4.7
6.2
5.5
5.2
5.9
4.1
6.9
5.0
4.4
5.9
3.3
19.1
19.7
21.7
22.5
23.7
29.5
26.4
22.8
22.8
21.7
17.1
15.9
16.8
13.7
13.7
15.0
11.3
17.1
15.2
17.4
13.3
19.9
1.9
9.3
2.3
3.3
2.3
2.8
1.6
3.3
1.2
2.3
6.9
See footnotes at end of table.
79
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed1
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and
State
Number
(In thou- Percent
sands)
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondurable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
and public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
Government
Agriculture
Men
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
1,119
161
1,193
603
8,565
1,161
872
199
120
3,703
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
96.7
98.8
95.6
94.7
94.6
97.1
98.6
98.0
100.0
96.6
76.4
62.7
77.4
74.6
72.9
76.1
80.5
78.4
70.0
79.0
9.7
9.9
12.0
8.1
6.8
10.4
7.0
9.5
3.3
11.2
23.1
3.1
15.2
22.1
16.8
14.0
24.2
16.1
3.3
10.4
14.7
1.2
11.3
12.1
11.4
8.4
16.4
6.5
(5)
6.8
8.5
1.9
3.9
10.0
5.5
5.6
7.8
9.5
2.5
3.7
5.3
9.9
6.2
7.8
6.3
7.0
7.7
7.5
5.8
8.3
19.1
17.4
20.5
20.4
18.8
18.8
17.7
17.6
14.2
23.0
3.7
2.5
5.2
2.7
4.1
4.6
7.1
8.5
5.8
5.1
14.6
16.1
17.9
13.1
19.9
20.4
16.9
19.1
36.7
20.8
12.1
23.6
11.5
11.4
10.8
13.4
10.4
12.6
24.2
10.7
3.1
1.2
4.4
5.3
5.2
2.8
1.3
2.0
(5)
3.2
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
2,010
277
346
3,160
1,592
816
723
986
1,042
328
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.1
93.9
91.6
98.0
96.6
90.4
93.5
96.1
97.0
96.0
79.5
68.6
70.5
82.4
81.7
71.9
72.2
79.4
76.0
73.5
9.6
8.7
9.5
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.7
10.8
9.1
7.0
22.2
4.0
19.7
23.4
31.9
21.6
19.9
21.0
15.8
22.0
11.3
.7
11.8
15.0
25.4
12.4
13.3
13.3
6.5
11.9
10.9
3.2
7.8
8.4
6.5
9.2
6.6
7.7
9.3
10.1
10.4
10.5
6.4
8.5
7.1
5.5
6.9
9.1
7.6
5.8
18.5
19.5
18.5
18.6
17.1
19.7
16.7
18.5
19.1
19.8
4.4
4.3
2.6
5.5
3.2
4.2
3.7
3.0
2.6
3.4
14.2
21.7
13.0
18.2
14.4
13.1
16.5
14.6
16.2
15.5
10.6
17.3
13.3
10.2
8.7
10.9
12.9
10.8
12.3
10.4
2.8
6.1
8.4
2.0
3.3
9.4
6.4
3.7
2.8
3.7
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
1,380
1,661
2,624
1,380
634
1,460
235
471
484
334
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
98.2
97.1
94.1
95.6
95.3
89.8
86.2
97.9
98.2
70.4
79.2
83.2
75.8
75.1
77.2
59.1
69.6
82.0
79.3
10.7
7.0
7.7
7.2
9.5
9.3
7.2
7.0
13.2
6.9
9.5
19.8
33.2
19.6
23.7
18.2
9.4
15.5
7.0
25.7
5.7
13.1
27.1
13.2
14.5
10.5
7.2
7.9
4.3
18.9
3.8
6.7
6.1
6.4
9.1
7.7
2.1
7.6
2.7
6.9
5.7
5.5
4.5
5.9
9.0
8.7
7.2
7.4
6.0
6.6
17.2
18.8
18.7
20.5
15.0
20.1
19.6
19.5
17.8
18.9
6.4
5.6
3.3
4.1
2.7
3.4
1.7
5.7
3.3
4.2
20.9
22.2
15.7
17.8
12.6
17.2
13.2
14.2
32.9
16.5
20.4
10.4
8.3
10.9
13.1
11.7
16.6
10.8
9.3
9.9
2.5
1.6
2.8
5.7
4.3
4.7
9.8
13.6
1.9
1.8
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
2,106
420
4,483
1,968
175
2,868
838
917
2,996
246
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.7
95.0
98.4
95.7
81.7
97.5
95.3
94.0
97.8
98.8
81.2
66.7
76.2
77.4
61.1
80.8
72.2
73.2
79.5
81.3
7.7
8.6
6.6
9.0
7.4
6.6
7.5
7.9
7.0
6.5
17.0
8.1
13.4
26.2
9.7
28.5
17.8
21.9
23.0
24.8
8.2
5.7
8.1
14.0
6.9
20.2
11.8
16.1
14.9
16.7
8.9
2.4
5.3
12.1
2.9
8.3
5.8
5.8
8.1
8.1
9.5
6.7
8.0
6.9
6.9
6.8
7.6
6.2
7.8
4.9
19.7
18.6
20.2
18.0
20.0
18.4
19.3
17.9
17.8
19.9
6.9
2.4
7.4
3.1
2.3
3.5
2.4
2.8
4.2
4.9
20.1
17.6
20.5
14.0
13.1
16.2
14.0
16.5
19.3
19.9
11.4
18.3
15.2
10.2
13.7
10.7
14.2
10.9
9.8
10.2
1.2
4.8
1.5
4.3
17.7
2.3
4.7
5.9
2.2
1.2
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
969
204
1,389
5,358
560
167
1,834
1,582
401
1,511
134
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.4
86.8
96.8
95.3
96.4
95.8
98.0
95.2
98.3
96.6
91.8
80.0
63.2
73.9
77.0
77.3
73.1
77.0
75.2
74.8
77.8
67.9
9.9
6.9
8.1
9.4
11.1
7.2
9.1
9.2
7.0
8.3
8.2
28.9
14.2
22.4
17.7
15.5
18.6
15.2
20.2
15.2
28.7
6.7
14.7
9.3
14.8
10.2
11.4
13.2
8.5
15.3
8.7
19.6
3.7
14.2
4.9
7.6
7.5
4.1
5.4
6.7
5.0
6.5
9.1
3.0
6.4
4.4
8.0
8.7
5.7
4.2
7.6
6.9
8.5
5.1
9.7
18.0
20.1
17.7
19.1
18.8
18.0
18.9
18.2
19.7
17.8
17.2
3.7
4.4
3.2
3.6
5.0
3.0
4.9
3.8
2.0
3.3
1.5
12.9
11.8
14.3
16.4
19.1
21.6
20.8
16.6
16.5
14.6
11.2
9.9
14.7
11.4
10.5
12.3
9.6
14.6
12.9
14.5
11.1
15.7
2.5
13.2
3.1
4.5
3.4
3.6
1.9
4.6
1.5
3.2
8.2
See footnotes at end of table.
80
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed1
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and
State
Number
(In thou- Percent
sands)
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondurable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
and public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
Government
Agriculture
Women
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
943
137
985
546
6,796
998
780
178
123
3,215
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.8
99.3
97.8
96.3
95.6
97.8
98.3
97.8
98.4
97.4
74.9
62.0
76.4
72.5
70.0
74.0
81.0
78.1
64.2
78.4
1.6
2.2
2.2
1.1
.9
1.9
.9
1.1
.8
1.6
13.5
2.9
7.8
14.7
10.8
7.8
13.7
8.4
1.6
6.1
5.2
.7
5.9
6.2
6.2
4.8
9.0
1.7
(5)
3.3
8.3
2.2
1.9
8.2
4.6
3.0
4.7
7.3
1.6
2.8
2.3
6.6
4.0
3.1
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.4
4.1
4.6
22.0
18.2
22.5
20.9
18.2
19.2
14.2
21.3
8.9
22.1
7.1
5.1
8.2
6.0
6.9
8.5
9.9
14.0
3.3
10.3
28.4
26.3
31.6
26.6
29.5
32.8
38.6
29.8
43.9
33.6
18.2
26.3
15.2
16.8
17.4
15.2
12.2
15.2
29.3
14.7
1.2
.7
1.2
1.8
1.6
1.2
.6
1.7
5
( )
1.2
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
1,842
282
274
2,786
1,400
710
634
849
903
294
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.2
97.5
94.2
97.9
98.0
96.3
96.4
97.6
96.9
97.3
73.3
69.9
64.6
79.9
80.2
74.5
68.8
75.6
71.4
74.1
.8
1.1
1.1
.9
1.1
.7
.9
1.2
1.0
1.0
14.2
2.1
10.6
12.2
17.7
11.0
9.6
11.7
6.0
10.2
5.5
(5)
4.7
6.4
13.1
5.1
4.6
6.4
1.4
3.4
8.6
2.1
5.8
5.8
4.6
5.9
4.9
5.4
4.5
6.8
5.1
5.7
2.9
4.3
3.7
2.8
3.5
2.9
3.3
2.0
18.4
23.0
19.3
20.6
19.8
20.1
18.3
23.3
22.0
21.1
6.7
7.8
5.5
8.7
8.1
8.9
6.5
6.5
6.3
7.8
28.0
30.1
24.5
33.3
29.8
31.1
29.7
30.0
31.6
32.7
19.1
20.2
20.1
13.7
12.2
15.6
19.9
17.2
19.7
14.3
1.1
1.8
3.6
.9
1.4
2.8
2.5
.9
1.1
1.4
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
1,250
1,504
2,211
1,233
567
1,278
207
421
397
299
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
97.9
98.0
97.4
96.5
97.7
93.7
94.3
97.7
98.0
65.4
79.0
77.8
74.1
69.8
75.6
64.3
72.4
77.1
75.6
1.4
.9
.9
.7
.5
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.5
.7
4.3
10.4
13.5
10.5
14.6
9.9
3.9
6.9
3.0
14.4
1.8
5.8
9.5
5.7
6.7
5.2
2.4
3.3
1.5
11.4
2.6
4.5
3.9
4.7
8.1
4.6
1.4
3.6
1.5
3.0
2.6
3.1
2.5
3.7
2.3
3.2
2.4
3.6
3.5
2.3
15.6
18.8
21.5
19.3
18.9
19.0
21.3
20.7
18.9
19.1
8.5
8.0
6.7
8.3
6.5
8.1
5.3
8.8
8.1
7.0
33.0
37.8
32.7
31.6
26.8
34.1
30.0
31.6
41.8
32.4
26.5
12.8
15.1
16.5
21.2
16.4
18.8
16.6
14.4
16.1
.6
1.0
.6
1.6
2.1
1.6
4.3
4.8
1.3
1.0
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
1,857
360
3,889
1,695
161
2,569
716
747
2,665
227
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.1
96.7
97.2
97.8
93.8
98.0
96.9
96.3
97.6
99.1
78.5
63.6
73.4
76.0
68.9
78.8
70.8
69.7
80.6
82.4
.5
1.1
.8
.8
.6
1.0
.6
1.3
.6
1.3
9.7
4.4
9.4
18.3
4.3
11.9
7.8
9.5
11.4
15.0
3.4
2.5
4.1
7.7
1.9
6.6
4.7
5.5
5.3
9.7
6.2
1.9
5.4
10.6
2.5
5.3
3.1
4.0
6.2
5.7
4.4
3.3
3.4
2.2
3.1
2.5
3.2
3.2
3.3
1.3
18.3
19.4
17.0
19.4
22.4
23.2
20.9
19.8
20.1
20.3
8.5
6.7
9.0
6.8
5.6
7.4
6.8
7.1
7.6
9.7
37.1
28.1
33.7
28.5
32.9
32.8
30.6
28.8
37.4
34.8
15.6
23.9
19.0
17.2
19.9
13.7
19.6
16.9
12.2
12.8
.6
1.9
.6
1.5
5.0
1.2
2.1
2.3
1.4
.4
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
915
182
1,255
4,274
463
153
1,553
1,313
346
1,341
111
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.6
95.1
97.8
96.5
98.1
96.7
97.5
96.8
96.5
98.3
93.7
71.6
68.7
75.1
73.0
73.2
75.8
73.0
71.5
69.4
77.0
58.6
.9
.5
1.0
1.4
1.3
.7
.9
1.3
.9
.9
1.8
15.4
9.9
13.9
8.1
8.9
10.5
9.1
8.7
6.4
14.8
2.7
6.0
5.5
8.2
3.9
5.0
5.9
4.1
5.6
2.3
8.4
.9
9.4
4.4
5.7
4.2
3.9
4.6
5.0
3.0
4.0
6.5
1.8
2.5
2.2
3.3
4.6
4.1
2.0
3.5
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.7
21.2
19.2
18.6
20.6
22.5
19.6
16.9
21.9
21.7
20.2
20.7
5.8
7.7
8.0
7.3
6.9
5.2
9.4
6.5
7.2
8.8
5.4
25.8
28.6
30.0
30.1
29.2
37.3
33.0
30.2
30.1
29.7
23.4
22.2
19.2
16.1
17.7
18.1
13.1
20.0
17.9
20.8
15.9
25.2
1.2
4.4
1.5
1.7
1.1
2.0
1.3
1.8
1.2
1.1
5.4
See footnotes at end of table.
81
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed1
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and
State
Number
(In thou- Percent
sands)
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondurable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
and public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
Government
Agriculture
White
Alabama .......................
1,563
Alaska ...........................
246
Arizona .........................
2,010
Arkansas .......................
972
California ...................... 12,394
Colorado .......................
2,031
Connecticut ...................
1,452
Delaware ......................
293
District of Columbia ......
102
Florida ...........................
5,763
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.1
98.8
96.4
95.2
94.3
97.2
98.4
96.9
99.0
97.1
75.4
64.2
77.0
73.4
71.4
75.1
80.7
78.2
69.6
79.0
6.4
6.9
8.0
5.1
4.7
6.5
4.5
5.8
2.0
7.1
16.8
3.3
11.5
17.5
13.8
11.2
19.4
12.3
3.9
8.4
9.9
.8
8.8
9.1
8.8
6.7
12.8
4.4
(5)
5.2
6.9
2.0
2.8
8.3
5.1
4.5
6.6
7.8
3.9
3.2
4.3
8.9
5.1
5.8
5.0
5.5
5.5
4.8
3.9
6.6
20.5
17.5
21.3
21.2
19.0
18.9
16.3
20.5
8.8
22.7
5.8
3.7
6.7
4.7
5.1
6.5
8.5
10.2
4.9
7.9
21.2
21.5
24.1
18.8
23.5
26.0
26.4
24.2
46.1
26.3
13.8
21.5
12.7
13.0
12.8
13.9
10.8
13.3
22.5
12.0
2.5
.8
3.1
4.0
4.2
2.2
1.1
2.4
(5)
2.2
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
Maine ............................
2,659
145
605
5,012
2,765
1,476
1,236
1,711
1,364
616
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.0
94.5
92.7
97.6
97.1
93.1
94.4
96.6
96.8
96.6
75.8
66.9
68.1
81.7
80.9
73.1
70.3
77.2
74.3
73.7
6.7
4.8
6.0
5.1
4.8
4.4
4.7
6.7
5.8
4.1
16.5
2.1
15.5
18.8
25.5
16.7
14.9
16.3
10.8
16.2
8.2
.7
8.6
11.5
19.7
9.0
9.3
9.8
4.7
8.0
8.4
1.4
6.9
7.3
5.8
7.7
5.6
6.5
6.1
8.4
7.5
6.9
5.0
6.1
5.5
4.3
5.2
6.2
5.5
3.9
18.3
20.0
19.0
20.0
18.4
19.8
17.3
20.7
19.4
20.3
6.4
6.2
4.0
7.2
5.5
6.4
5.1
4.7
4.8
5.4
20.2
26.9
18.2
24.3
21.2
21.2
22.6
21.1
23.7
23.7
14.0
15.2
15.9
10.8
9.9
12.8
15.9
13.8
14.3
12.3
2.5
4.1
6.3
1.8
2.6
6.5
5.0
2.6
2.3
2.6
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
1,854
2,958
4,194
2,472
794
2,475
416
846
769
615
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
98.0
97.3
95.5
96.2
96.2
91.3
89.6
97.7
98.0
69.6
78.9
80.9
74.6
71.0
76.6
62.3
70.2
79.3
76.9
7.7
4.3
5.0
4.2
6.2
5.9
4.1
4.1
8.5
3.9
6.9
15.1
24.1
14.9
14.6
14.9
7.0
11.2
5.5
19.7
4.2
9.6
19.0
9.3
8.2
8.5
5.0
5.7
3.3
14.8
2.8
5.5
5.0
5.5
6.4
6.4
1.9
5.6
2.2
4.9
3.8
4.5
3.6
4.9
6.4
6.0
5.0
5.7
4.7
4.6
16.7
19.0
20.6
20.1
16.1
20.0
20.4
19.7
18.5
19.0
8.1
6.8
4.8
6.1
5.3
5.3
3.6
7.2
5.3
5.5
26.4
29.2
22.8
24.0
20.7
24.5
21.4
22.1
35.5
24.1
20.2
11.5
10.7
13.5
16.9
13.0
15.9
13.9
11.4
13.2
2.1
1.4
2.1
3.9
3.4
3.5
7.7
9.8
1.7
1.5
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
3,190
688
6,684
2,789
324
4,808
1,317
1,539
5,119
442
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.4
95.3
97.8
96.4
87.0
97.6
95.7
94.9
97.7
98.9
80.1
66.0
74.9
76.2
64.8
80.0
71.6
71.3
80.0
81.4
4.8
5.2
4.3
5.4
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.9
4.2
4.3
13.8
6.3
12.1
21.4
7.1
21.2
12.6
16.1
18.1
19.7
6.0
4.1
6.9
10.9
4.3
14.0
8.3
11.4
10.9
13.1
7.8
2.2
5.2
10.4
2.8
7.2
4.3
4.7
7.2
6.6
7.1
5.2
5.7
4.7
4.9
4.6
5.8
4.9
5.8
3.4
19.3
19.0
19.4
19.2
21.6
21.0
20.2
18.3
19.1
20.6
7.7
4.4
8.0
5.1
4.0
5.1
4.9
4.7
5.6
7.0
27.4
23.0
25.4
20.2
22.2
23.5
21.4
22.3
26.9
26.7
12.6
19.2
16.4
12.9
16.0
11.9
16.2
13.7
10.6
11.5
1.1
3.9
1.2
3.2
12.3
1.9
3.8
4.4
1.9
.9
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
1,408
366
2,177
8,194
983
314
2,618
2,635
722
2,683
238
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.7
90.2
97.1
95.3
97.2
96.2
97.6
95.7
97.4
97.3
92.0
75.8
66.4
74.2
75.0
74.9
74.2
75.5
73.6
71.9
78.0
63.4
5.7
4.1
5.2
6.4
6.7
4.1
6.3
5.9
4.2
5.0
5.5
21.2
12.3
19.1
13.5
12.0
14.3
12.0
14.6
11.2
22.3
5.0
9.4
7.9
12.3
7.5
7.9
9.6
6.3
10.7
5.7
14.4
2.5
11.9
4.4
6.8
6.1
4.1
5.1
5.7
3.9
5.5
7.9
2.5
4.2
3.6
4.7
6.7
4.9
3.2
5.8
5.0
6.0
4.1
6.3
20.0
20.2
18.6
19.5
20.4
18.5
17.3
19.9
20.6
19.1
18.9
5.4
6.3
5.3
5.4
5.8
4.1
7.1
5.1
4.3
6.0
3.4
19.2
19.7
21.1
21.8
23.6
29.3
26.7
22.7
22.2
21.4
16.4
15.2
15.3
12.6
13.2
15.3
11.1
16.0
14.6
17.7
12.6
20.2
1.9
9.6
2.6
3.7
2.3
2.9
1.9
3.6
1.2
2.4
7.1
See footnotes at end of table.
82
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed1
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and
State
Number
(In thou- Percent
sands)
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondurable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
and public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
Government
Agriculture
Black
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
473
10
75
158
987
57
174
74
135
986
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.3
100.0
98.7
97.5
98.6
100.0
98.9
100.0
98.5
96.0
76.3
60.0
74.7
74.7
67.7
77.2
81.0
79.7
64.4
76.7
5.1
(5)
(5)
3.2
2.5
3.5
1.1
4.1
3.0
5.2
24.1
(5)
12.0
23.4
8.5
8.8
16.7
13.5
1.5
8.6
11.6
(5)
6.7
10.1
5.0
7.0
10.9
2.7
(5)
5.0
12.5
(5)
5.3
13.9
3.5
3.5
5.2
10.8
.7
3.5
3.0
(5)
6.7
5.1
7.8
5.3
8.6
9.5
5.9
7.1
20.3
10.0
20.0
15.8
13.9
19.3
14.4
14.9
13.3
20.6
3.8
10.0
5.3
2.5
5.7
8.8
6.9
14.9
3.7
6.6
19.5
20.0
30.7
24.7
29.3
29.8
33.3
23.0
37.0
28.4
18.6
30.0
21.3
20.9
25.6
19.3
14.4
17.6
29.6
16.4
1.5
(5)
(5)
1.9
.6
1.8
5
( )
(5)
(5)
2.4
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
1,137
8
720
190
21
78
106
536
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.4
100.0
99.3
99.5
100.0
98.7
100.0
97.6
77.2
75.0
76.8
79.5
66.7
73.1
83.0
72.6
2.5
(5)
2.2
.5
(5)
2.6
1.9
4.5
22.8
(5)
13.2
23.7
19.0
16.7
20.8
12.9
9.4
(5)
6.9
18.9
9.5
9.0
14.2
3.2
13.4
(5)
6.3
4.7
9.5
7.7
6.6
9.7
9.1
12.5
9.4
6.8
(5)
9.0
6.6
5.8
17.9
12.5
15.6
18.9
28.6
20.5
20.8
21.8
3.6
(5)
6.5
5.3
4.8
5.1
3.8
3.2
21.4
37.5
30.0
24.7
14.3
20.5
29.2
22.8
16.9
25.0
20.3
17.4
28.6
20.5
15.1
20.0
1.0
(5)
.1
.5
5
( )
5
( )
(5)
1.1
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
670
135
525
65
394
226
26
55
6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.5
98.5
98.9
98.5
95.7
99.6
96.2
100.0
100.0
62.8
80.7
78.7
80.0
75.9
73.5
84.6
83.6
83.3
3.6
1.5
2.1
1.5
3.6
2.7
3.8
3.6
16.7
7.2
18.5
23.4
12.3
29.2
6.6
15.4
1.8
33.3
3.3
9.6
18.7
7.7
16.0
1.8
7.7
(5)
16.7
3.9
8.1
4.8
6.2
12.9
4.4
7.7
1.8
(5)
5.7
3.7
4.2
9.2
4.8
7.5
7.7
9.1
(5)
16.4
13.3
15.8
20.0
18.3
17.7
23.1
14.5
16.7
5.8
6.7
5.1
7.7
3.0
7.5
7.7
7.3
(5)
24.2
37.8
27.6
29.2
16.2
31.4
30.8
47.3
33.3
32.8
14.8
17.3
15.4
16.8
23.9
3.8
12.7
(5)
.4
.7
.2
1.5
3.3
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
566
15
1,207
757
539
126
33
420
22
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.4
100.0
97.6
97.4
98.7
97.6
100.0
98.6
95.5
76.9
66.7
71.9
78.7
79.4
73.0
66.7
79.3
81.8
2.8
6.7
2.7
3.7
2.2
2.4
3.0
2.1
(5)
11.5
6.7
7.1
25.0
16.3
14.3
9.1
9.5
22.7
5.3
6.7
3.2
11.5
10.8
9.5
3.0
4.3
13.6
6.2
(5)
4.0
13.5
5.6
4.8
6.1
5.2
4.5
8.5
6.7
7.1
5.5
7.2
4.8
6.1
5.5
4.5
16.1
13.3
13.7
17.4
17.6
19.8
18.2
16.2
13.6
7.6
6.7
8.0
3.8
6.5
1.6
15.2
7.6
9.1
30.4
26.7
33.4
23.2
29.3
27.8
12.1
38.1
31.8
19.8
26.7
22.5
15.6
13.9
21.4
18.2
16.0
9.1
.4
(5)
.5
2.1
.7
1.6
5
( )
.5
(5)
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
West Virginia ................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
464
2
446
1,098
7
1
642
73
20
100
2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.0
100.0
98.9
98.6
100.0
100.0
98.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
76.1
50.0
76.2
74.8
71.4
100.0
73.2
69.9
80.0
71.0
100.0
5.4
(5)
2.5
2.3
(5)
(5)
1.9
1.4
(5)
2.0
(5)
25.9
50.0
15.0
11.1
14.3
(5)
15.3
13.7
10.0
19.0
(5)
13.8
(5)
8.7
4.7
14.3
(5)
7.9
9.6
10.0
13.0
(5)
12.1
(5)
6.1
6.4
(5)
(5)
7.3
4.1
(5)
6.0
(5)
5.6
(5)
11.4
9.1
14.3
(5)
6.2
9.6
5.0
1.0
(5)
18.1
(5)
15.0
20.5
14.3
100.0
19.3
16.4
20.0
16.0
50.0
2.6
(5)
6.7
5.4
(5)
(5)
6.5
2.7
5.0
6.0
(5)
18.5
(5)
25.8
25.9
14.3
(5)
24.0
26.0
40.0
27.0
50.0
17.9
(5)
18.6
19.1
28.6
(5)
22.3
28.8
10.0
20.0
(5)
1.7
(5)
1.1
.8
(5)
5
( )
.8
(5)
5.0
(5)
(5)
See footnotes at end of table.
83
Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Total employed1
Nonagricultural industries
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and
State
Number
(In thou- Percent
sands)
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondurable
goods
Transportation,
communications,
and public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
Government
Agriculture
Hispanic origin
Alabama .......................
Alaska ...........................
Arizona .........................
Arkansas .......................
California ......................
Colorado .......................
Connecticut ...................
Delaware ......................
District of Columbia ......
Florida ...........................
20
7
535
17
4,130
281
132
14
16
1,158
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
95.0
100.0
92.9
94.1
88.1
95.7
97.7
100.0
93.8
95.3
85.0
85.7
78.1
82.4
72.9
74.7
82.6
85.7
81.3
83.2
(5)
14.3
11.0
11.8
5.3
7.8
3.8
(5)
6.3
6.6
25.0
(5)
12.3
47.1
18.7
17.1
27.3
14.3
(5)
9.6
20.0
(5)
8.4
17.6
10.4
6.0
20.5
7.1
(5)
5.3
10.0
(5)
3.9
29.4
8.3
11.0
6.8
7.1
(5)
4.3
(5)
(5)
5.0
(5)
4.7
5.3
4.5
7.1
6.3
10.4
30.0
28.6
24.5
17.6
21.6
20.6
18.9
28.6
25.0
23.3
(5)
(5)
4.1
(5)
3.1
3.2
5.3
14.3
6.3
7.3
25.0
28.6
20.6
5.9
19.4
19.9
22.0
28.6
37.5
25.9
10.0
(5)
9.3
5.9
9.9
16.7
11.4
7.1
12.5
7.2
(5)
(5)
6.5
5.9
8.8
3.6
(5)
(5)
(5)
3.1
Georgia .........................
Hawaii ...........................
Idaho .............................
Illinois ............................
Indiana ..........................
Iowa ..............................
Kansas ..........................
Kentucky .......................
Louisiana ......................
101
16
57
529
63
34
58
16
47
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.1
93.8
80.7
97.5
98.4
94.1
94.8
81.3
95.7
78.2
68.8
71.9
89.4
79.4
88.2
81.0
68.8
87.2
19.8
6.3
3.5
5.7
6.3
8.8
15.5
6.3
8.5
22.8
6.3
29.8
33.3
38.1
41.2
17.2
12.5
10.6
6.9
(5)
10.5
20.2
31.7
2.9
10.3
(5)
6.4
15.8
6.3
19.3
13.0
6.3
35.3
6.9
6.3
4.3
4.0
6.3
3.5
4.2
(5)
2.9
6.9
(5)
8.5
13.9
18.8
21.1
23.1
12.7
20.6
20.7
12.5
34.0
6.9
6.3
1.8
4.2
3.2
(5)
3.4
(5)
6.4
10.9
31.3
10.5
19.1
20.6
14.7
17.2
43.8
17.0
9.9
12.5
5.3
5.5
7.9
5.9
8.6
6.3
6.4
5.9
6.3
19.3
1.9
1.6
5.9
3.4
12.5
2.1
Maryland .......................
Massachusetts ..............
Michigan .......................
Minnesota .....................
Mississippi ....................
Missouri ........................
Montana ........................
Nebraska ......................
Nevada .........................
New Hampshire ............
116
130
143
57
14
34
8
29
129
8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.9
95.4
96.5
100.0
92.9
91.2
100.0
100.0
94.6
100.0
70.7
86.2
87.4
93.0
85.7
82.4
75.0
86.2
87.6
87.5
14.7
3.1
4.9
(5)
7.1
2.9
12.5
6.9
13.2
(5)
3.4
17.7
30.1
21.1
42.9
26.5
(5)
41.4
5.4
25.0
2.6
9.2
21.7
15.8
14.3
11.8
(5)
6.9
1.6
12.5
1.7
8.5
8.4
5.3
21.4
14.7
(5)
34.5
3.9
12.5
1.7
3.1
3.5
1.8
(5)
2.9
(5)
3.4
2.3
(5)
21.6
23.1
26.6
33.3
7.1
32.4
25.0
17.2
17.8
25.0
6.9
3.8
3.5
8.8
(5)
(5)
(5)
3.4
3.1
(5)
22.4
36.9
18.2
28.1
21.4
14.7
12.5
13.8
45.0
37.5
14.7
4.6
6.3
3.5
14.3
5.9
12.5
10.3
3.1
(5)
4.3
.8
2.8
5
( )
(5)
8.8
12.5
(5)
3.9
(5)
New Jersey ...................
New Mexico ..................
New York ......................
North Carolina ..............
North Dakota ................
Ohio ..............................
Oklahoma .....................
Oregon ..........................
Pennsylvania ................
Rhode Island ................
437
290
1,101
108
2
72
48
125
116
27
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.4
94.1
96.1
76.9
100.0
98.6
93.8
75.2
96.6
96.3
86.5
67.9
80.6
69.4
100.0
86.1
83.3
65.6
81.0
92.6
4.3
5.9
4.1
10.2
(5)
4.2
8.3
7.2
9.5
(5)
22.7
6.6
12.6
29.6
(5)
30.6
16.7
20.8
20.7
44.4
8.0
4.5
4.9
13.9
(5)
20.8
10.4
13.6
9.5
33.3
14.6
2.1
7.7
15.7
(5)
11.1
6.3
7.2
11.2
14.8
7.8
4.8
5.4
2.8
(5)
5.6
2.1
1.6
5.2
(5)
21.3
23.4
26.2
13.9
50.0
26.4
27.1
17.6
19.0
14.8
4.8
4.5
7.7
.9
(5)
1.4
2.1
1.6
4.3
7.4
25.4
18.6
24.5
10.2
(5)
18.1
20.8
16.8
23.3
25.9
9.8
19.7
11.6
4.6
(5)
8.3
8.3
7.2
11.2
(5)
.7
4.8
1.0
23.1
(5)
1.4
6.3
24.8
3.4
(5)
South Carolina ..............
South Dakota ................
Tennessee ....................
Texas ............................
Utah ..............................
Vermont ........................
Virginia ..........................
Washington ...................
Wisconsin .....................
Wyoming .......................
15
5
19
2,695
62
2
106
127
48
11
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.3
80.0
89.5
93.7
98.4
100.0
94.3
77.2
100.0
90.9
73.3
60.0
84.2
76.6
87.1
50.0
83.0
65.4
83.3
81.8
26.7
(5)
15.8
9.6
17.7
(5)
12.3
10.2
6.3
9.1
13.3
20.0
15.8
16.3
21.0
(5)
6.6
7.1
35.4
9.1
6.7
(5)
10.5
7.5
14.5
(5)
.9
3.1
12.5
9.1
13.3
20.0
5.3
8.8
6.5
(5)
5.7
3.9
20.8
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5.8
4.8
(5)
3.8
1.6
2.1
9.1
6.7
20.0
21.1
21.6
21.0
50.0
25.5
19.7
20.8
18.2
(5)
(5)
(5)
3.5
4.8
(5)
2.8
1.6
2.1
(5)
20.0
20.0
36.8
18.8
19.4
(5)
31.1
25.2
18.8
18.2
6.7
20.0
(5)
12.5
6.5
(5)
8.5
9.4
12.5
9.1
(5)
20.0
15.8
4.3
1.6
(5)
1.9
21.3
(5)
9.1
1 Includes private household workers, self-employed and unpaid family
workers, and mining.
2 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining.
3 Includes mining.
4 Excludes private household workers.
5 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in
that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed
percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will
not add to totals because data for the defaultother racesdefault group are not
presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population
groups.
84
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and State
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29
hours
30 to 34
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
and over
Total at
work
Persons
who
usually
work full
time
TOTAL
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
1,983
278
2,101
1,106
14,725
2,073
1,574
362
235
6,634
86
18
86
51
704
111
74
17
8
243
264
35
243
137
1,912
257
208
46
23
724
182
26
211
93
1,385
190
154
30
21
537
1,451
199
1,560
825
10,724
1,514
1,138
269
182
5,130
137
29
132
60
844
141
132
32
13
445
689
77
782
431
5,629
620
510
131
100
2,586
223
31
224
123
1,494
271
189
41
22
750
402
62
423
211
2,758
482
307
66
46
1,349
39.3
39.9
39.6
39.4
38.8
39.7
38.9
38.8
39.9
40.1
43.0
44.3
43.3
43.0
42.8
43.6
43.0
42.4
42.5
43.3
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
3,702
532
594
5,683
2,868
1,468
1,306
1,745
1,859
594
142
25
40
263
159
85
88
85
84
37
409
75
80
698
347
200
168
198
216
80
303
59
58
535
255
129
123
157
156
68
2,848
373
415
4,187
2,107
1,054
928
1,305
1,403
409
219
28
48
368
175
105
76
138
125
53
1,451
217
171
1,981
894
419
391
601
717
168
445
42
75
686
393
205
153
225
194
74
733
87
122
1,152
645
324
308
341
367
114
39.9
38.3
38.9
39.4
39.8
39.5
39.6
39.5
40.0
38.5
43.0
42.4
43.7
43.3
43.9
44.0
44.4
43.0
43.3
43.0
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
2,521
3,019
4,619
2,511
1,151
2,632
420
862
846
606
117
165
263
164
49
142
33
56
31
34
253
412
590
362
112
327
64
115
86
82
235
322
401
255
90
244
42
77
66
58
1,916
2,121
3,365
1,730
900
1,920
280
614
663
433
164
222
279
171
76
169
31
57
46
53
923
1,043
1,478
693
489
877
116
227
384
167
288
316
593
327
111
343
45
113
89
87
540
540
1,016
540
224
531
89
217
144
125
40.3
38.2
39.3
38.7
40.2
39.2
38.3
40.0
39.7
39.0
43.4
42.6
43.9
43.8
43.1
43.0
44.1
45.1
42.7
43.5
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
3,794
748
7,964
3,529
322
5,179
1,488
1,585
5,427
448
167
34
371
141
22
271
77
108
313
24
475
101
1,077
363
47
665
176
211
736
65
321
79
655
302
28
452
136
161
482
52
2,831
534
5,862
2,723
226
3,790
1,099
1,105
3,895
308
342
51
884
221
23
325
107
111
410
42
1,402
264
2,847
1,484
87
1,702
519
488
1,825
141
401
76
728
405
40
679
167
195
633
52
686
143
1,402
613
76
1,084
305
312
1,028
72
38.9
39.0
38.6
39.4
39.6
39.3
39.4
38.4
38.7
37.7
42.5
43.3
42.5
42.3
44.7
43.6
43.2
43.2
43.1
41.9
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
1,810
367
2,527
9,265
981
303
3,244
2,753
705
2,726
234
78
26
115
395
70
23
157
176
38
174
17
193
50
294
1,007
148
42
368
355
87
349
30
139
33
223
776
94
31
288
288
71
254
20
1,399
259
1,895
7,087
670
207
2,431
1,935
509
1,949
167
137
24
180
579
59
24
203
179
53
206
15
699
99
882
3,373
319
81
1,163
865
252
753
69
212
45
327
1,109
104
40
380
357
78
395
27
352
90
507
2,026
187
62
685
533
126
596
56
39.9
39.7
39.6
40.4
37.7
38.3
39.7
38.6
38.8
39.3
40.0
43.3
45.0
43.0
43.6
43.0
43.7
43.2
43.0
42.7
44.1
45.4
See footnotes at end of table.
85
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and State
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29
hours
30 to 34
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
and over
Total at
work
Persons
who
usually
work full
time
Men
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
1,082
151
1,164
582
8,284
1,118
836
192
117
3,575
31
7
28
17
270
40
25
6
4
103
106
13
88
52
782
91
70
17
10
274
74
12
93
39
653
88
64
12
9
223
872
119
955
474
6,580
899
679
157
95
2,975
49
13
59
22
398
63
43
11
5
172
387
44
458
221
3,257
342
279
72
50
1,389
133
18
134
76
926
157
121
26
10
428
303
44
303
154
1,999
337
236
48
29
986
42.3
43.4
42.3
42.4
41.2
42.5
42.3
41.7
41.6
42.5
44.9
46.2
44.6
44.8
43.9
45.0
44.9
44.3
43.7
44.9
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
1,954
265
333
3,045
1,536
791
701
950
1,001
315
50
9
14
98
57
33
25
31
27
16
146
27
29
246
114
70
66
70
87
30
124
25
26
238
101
53
57
69
62
25
1,634
204
264
2,463
1,264
633
553
781
824
243
89
12
19
148
66
40
31
52
42
21
727
113
105
1,071
493
224
213
329
373
95
264
25
47
410
240
125
91
137
127
45
554
54
93
833
464
245
218
263
282
82
43.0
40.5
42.4
42.3
43.1
43.0
43.2
42.8
43.5
41.3
44.8
43.2
45.3
44.8
45.6
46.1
46.2
45.0
45.6
44.4
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
1,335
1,600
2,528
1,339
614
1,421
226
459
469
322
45
59
92
65
21
61
12
20
12
11
101
128
192
134
49
143
23
41
36
24
106
123
169
94
37
112
18
33
29
25
1,084
1,290
2,075
1,046
508
1,104
172
365
392
262
59
82
111
71
29
69
12
19
18
22
491
610
830
384
239
469
67
118
212
95
169
208
374
202
69
194
28
67
56
55
366
390
760
389
171
372
65
162
106
91
42.7
41.4
42.8
42.1
42.7
41.4
42.1
44.3
41.8
42.4
44.9
44.0
45.5
45.4
45.0
44.5
46.1
47.6
43.9
44.9
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
2,035
406
4,312
1,916
169
2,767
810
881
2,897
236
52
11
131
52
8
88
28
40
107
7
167
39
368
150
16
239
73
77
241
21
137
34
296
140
10
186
60
70
209
23
1,679
321
3,517
1,574
134
2,254
649
694
2,340
184
114
21
346
87
8
115
41
49
149
16
796
153
1,669
793
44
929
279
293
1,016
81
257
46
467
243
24
409
105
124
396
33
512
101
1,034
450
58
801
224
228
779
55
42.0
41.9
41.6
41.6
44.2
42.6
42.3
41.5
42.2
41.2
44.2
44.5
44.0
43.6
47.5
45.3
44.8
44.4
44.8
43.8
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
940
196
1,342
5,205
541
159
1,773
1,514
383
1,457
129
24
10
44
152
26
8
54
65
15
64
6
70
18
110
406
54
14
151
133
30
116
11
58
13
97
334
41
11
123
128
31
99
8
788
155
1,091
4,314
420
125
1,446
1,188
308
1,178
104
45
10
62
243
26
9
84
76
22
81
7
353
51
466
1,865
182
46
641
513
145
415
37
128
27
196
691
67
26
234
220
48
239
17
263
68
368
1,514
145
45
486
380
93
444
43
43.0
43.8
42.4
43.2
41.2
42.1
42.3
41.4
41.6
43.0
44.2
45.3
47.3
44.6
45.3
44.5
45.2
44.6
44.0
44.1
45.9
47.7
See footnotes at end of table.
86
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and State
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29
hours
30 to 34
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
and over
Total at
work
Persons
who
usually
work full
time
Women
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
900
127
937
524
6,441
954
737
169
118
3,059
55
11
58
34
434
71
49
11
5
140
158
22
155
85
1,131
166
138
29
14
450
109
14
118
55
732
102
91
18
12
314
579
80
606
351
4,144
615
459
112
87
2,155
88
16
72
37
446
78
89
21
8
273
302
33
324
209
2,371
278
231
58
51
1,197
90
13
90
47
568
114
68
15
12
322
99
19
120
57
759
145
71
17
17
364
35.8
35.8
36.2
36.2
35.7
36.4
35.0
35.5
38.3
37.1
40.4
41.4
41.5
40.7
41.1
41.8
40.4
40.0
41.1
41.1
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
1,748
267
261
2,638
1,332
677
605
795
858
279
92
16
26
165
102
52
62
55
56
20
263
47
52
452
233
129
102
129
129
50
179
33
32
297
154
76
66
88
94
42
1,214
170
151
1,724
843
420
375
524
579
166
131
15
29
220
108
65
45
86
83
32
724
104
65
910
401
196
178
272
344
73
181
17
28
275
153
80
62
88
67
29
179
33
29
318
181
79
90
78
85
32
36.5
36.0
34.3
36.1
35.9
35.3
35.4
35.6
36.0
35.3
40.7
41.5
41.0
41.3
41.5
41.1
41.8
40.1
40.3
40.9
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
1,185
1,419
2,092
1,172
537
1,212
194
403
377
284
72
106
172
99
28
81
21
36
19
22
152
283
398
228
63
183
40
74
50
58
129
199
232
161
54
132
24
44
37
34
832
831
1,291
684
392
815
109
249
271
170
106
140
168
101
47
100
18
38
27
31
433
433
648
309
250
408
49
110
172
73
120
108
218
124
41
148
17
46
33
32
174
150
256
151
54
159
24
55
39
34
37.6
34.5
35.2
34.9
37.2
36.7
33.9
35.2
37.0
35.1
41.5
40.5
41.5
41.5
40.6
41.0
41.1
41.6
40.9
41.4
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
1,759
342
3,652
1,613
153
2,412
678
704
2,530
212
115
23
240
89
13
183
49
68
206
16
309
61
709
213
31
427
103
134
495
44
184
45
358
162
18
266
77
90
273
29
1,152
213
2,345
1,150
91
1,536
450
411
1,556
123
228
29
538
134
15
210
67
62
262
27
607
111
1,178
691
43
772
240
195
808
61
144
30
261
162
16
271
62
71
237
19
174
43
368
163
18
283
81
84
249
17
35.4
35.7
35.0
36.7
34.6
35.5
36.1
34.6
34.7
33.9
40.2
41.4
40.3
40.5
40.7
41.4
40.9
41.4
40.7
39.2
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
870
172
1,185
4,060
440
144
1,471
1,238
322
1,269
105
54
16
71
242
44
15
103
111
24
110
11
123
32
184
601
94
29
217
222
57
234
19
81
20
126
442
53
19
165
160
40
154
12
611
104
804
2,774
249
81
985
746
201
771
63
92
14
118
337
34
15
119
103
31
125
8
346
49
416
1,508
137
35
522
353
107
338
31
84
18
131
418
37
15
145
137
30
156
10
90
22
139
511
42
17
199
154
33
152
13
36.4
35.0
36.4
36.7
33.4
34.2
36.5
35.2
35.3
35.1
34.9
40.9
41.7
40.7
41.1
40.6
41.4
41.2
41.3
40.6
41.4
41.9
See footnotes at end of table.
87
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and State
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29
hours
30 to 34
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
41 to 48
hours
4
1
6
3
18
5
2
1
(1)
11
Total at
work
Persons
who
usually
work full
time
4
1
6
3
24
6
2
1
(1)
16
25.3
27.6
27.6
27.8
25.9
26.3
22.3
27.6
24.9
27.6
39.6
40.4
40.7
39.9
39.6
40.3
37.8
37.6
38.3
39.6
7
40.3
34.8
40.4
39.0
39.6
39.5
39.8
39.5
38.7
39.6
49 hours
and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
116
15
125
57
684
106
76
23
6
327
18
3
19
8
125
23
19
4
1
44
55
5
47
24
269
37
36
8
2
131
12
1
13
6
77
11
6
2
1
34
31
6
46
20
214
35
15
9
2
118
7
2
7
4
37
6
3
2
(1)
28
16
2
27
11
135
18
9
5
1
63
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
176
15
47
326
179
99
96
95
96
32
25
5
11
67
43
23
24
16
16
9
79
7
17
136
73
42
34
39
38
12
17
2
4
34
13
9
10
7
9
2
55
2
14
89
50
24
28
33
33
8
13
1
4
21
8
5
3
9
6
2
29
1
6
46
27
10
15
15
18
4
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
108
152
315
171
52
183
29
71
44
35
19
45
75
44
9
40
7
18
5
9
35
61
125
74
18
69
9
26
16
15
15
12
27
14
6
19
3
7
6
3
39
34
88
40
19
55
9
20
17
8
8
7
19
8
4
10
2
4
3
2
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
175
38
328
174
25
302
84
95
284
23
39
6
81
37
7
63
15
25
74
6
77
17
142
61
9
138
32
31
113
10
12
5
22
18
3
32
10
8
23
2
47
11
83
58
7
69
27
31
75
5
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
92
31
141
498
99
17
155
145
36
180
20
21
7
23
79
20
5
28
33
8
47
5
36
10
54
203
38
6
75
53
15
66
7
9
3
15
52
11
2
14
16
4
16
2
26
10
49
164
30
4
37
43
9
51
6
See footnotes at end of table.
88
2
14
7
5
5
6
3
1
2
9
8
5
6
3
6
1
26.5
20.4
24.9
24.6
24.3
24.4
25.2
26.6
27.1
23.1
23
20
42
18
11
30
4
8
11
3
3
4
14
8
2
7
1
4
1
2
5
3
13
6
2
7
1
4
1
1
27.6
22.2
24.3
23.2
27.2
25.6
25.0
24.8
28.7
22.8
40.0
38.1
40.0
40.2
38.3
39.2
40.2
41.0
39.0
39.8
10
2
17
14
1
16
6
7
16
1
29
7
47
33
3
32
14
16
40
2
5
1
8
7
1
11
4
3
8
1
3
1
11
4
1
10
4
5
11
1
23.7
25.8
23.4
25.8
24.1
24.0
26.2
25.1
23.9
22.8
37.9
38.4
40.0
38.2
40.5
39.4
38.5
39.5
40.1
39.2
4
2
7
41
5
1
8
11
2
13
1
16
6
27
77
18
2
19
18
4
22
2
3
1
8
20
3
1
3
7
1
8
1
2
1
6
26
4
(1)
7
7
2
8
1
24.6
25.6
27.0
26.9
25.6
22.6
24.3
25.3
24.6
24.5
25.4
38.7
39.2
39.9
39.8
39.3
38.8
40.2
39.1
40.9
40.5
40.8
(1)
7
(1)
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and State
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29
hours
30 to 34
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
and over
Total at
work
Persons
who
usually
work full
time
White
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
1,506
229
1,938
937
11,871
1,950
1,382
281
98
5,518
69
14
80
46
598
108
67
14
4
214
195
27
225
117
1,569
242
182
37
9
601
131
22
195
76
1,114
181
131
23
8
445
1,112
166
1,438
699
8,590
1,419
1,002
208
76
4,258
100
21
123
48
704
134
117
24
6
359
486
63
716
348
4,334
573
424
96
28
2,061
177
27
206
110
1,247
259
176
33
13
648
349
55
393
193
2,305
452
285
54
29
1,190
39.9
40.7
39.6
39.7
38.8
39.6
39.1
38.8
41.8
40.2
43.8
44.9
43.3
43.4
42.9
43.6
43.4
42.6
44.3
43.5
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
Maine ......................................
2,550
136
579
4,785
2,650
1,419
1,189
1,627
1,305
587
107
8
39
238
151
81
82
78
64
36
294
21
79
600
319
192
149
184
156
79
207
13
57
454
233
123
113
147
112
67
1,942
93
404
3,493
1,948
1,022
846
1,218
973
405
149
9
47
310
158
104
70
128
88
52
898
41
165
1,541
810
399
346
549
444
165
331
12
73
615
371
201
142
216
148
74
564
31
119
1,027
608
318
287
324
293
114
40.1
39.2
38.8
39.5
39.8
39.6
39.7
39.6
40.3
38.5
43.6
44.3
43.7
43.5
44.0
44.1
44.6
43.1
43.9
43.0
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
1,781
2,825
4,009
2,375
763
2,375
395
817
739
588
88
157
231
158
34
133
32
53
28
33
189
392
514
341
70
301
60
109
76
79
164
307
350
237
55
217
39
73
57
57
1,340
1,969
2,914
1,639
604
1,725
263
582
578
419
117
208
250
163
46
151
28
55
40
52
574
945
1,200
639
304
762
106
211
327
159
215
301
542
316
80
320
44
108
79
85
434
515
923
520
174
492
86
208
132
122
40.7
38.1
39.5
38.8
40.9
39.2
38.4
40.1
39.8
39.0
44.3
42.6
44.2
43.9
43.8
43.1
44.2
45.2
42.8
43.5
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
3,051
658
6,338
2,683
311
4,578
1,263
1,465
4,905
418
142
31
319
111
21
246
66
99
291
22
392
90
875
280
45
589
147
197
671
60
262
68
543
220
27
397
118
147
436
49
2,255
469
4,601
2,071
218
3,346
932
1,022
3,508
287
268
46
659
159
22
287
89
104
357
40
1,061
224
2,129
1,074
82
1,453
427
451
1,598
130
343
67
617
322
39
624
147
182
592
49
583
132
1,196
516
75
983
269
286
960
68
38.9
39.1
38.6
39.6
39.7
39.4
39.6
38.4
38.7
37.8
42.7
43.5
42.8
42.7
44.8
43.8
43.3
43.1
43.3
41.9
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
1,352
349
2,077
7,882
942
298
2,506
2,503
681
2,563
226
60
25
98
346
68
23
130
161
37
165
17
144
47
249
863
143
42
286
330
83
325
29
96
31
183
662
90
31
219
265
68
238
20
1,053
246
1,546
6,011
640
203
1,872
1,747
493
1,834
161
100
23
150
494
57
23
153
162
52
190
14
503
92
679
2,756
301
79
856
760
243
694
66
162
44
286
976
101
40
307
332
76
382
26
288
87
431
1,784
181
61
556
493
123
569
54
40.3
39.8
39.5
40.4
37.7
38.3
39.8
38.5
38.8
39.4
40.0
43.8
45.2
43.1
43.8
43.0
43.7
43.4
43.0
42.7
44.2
45.4
See footnotes at end of table.
89
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and State
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29
hours
30 to 34
hours
Total
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
41 to 48
hours
49 hours
and over
Total at
work
Persons
who
usually
work full
time
Black
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
452
9
73
151
944
55
167
71
130
950
16
1
1
5
27
2
6
3
4
24
66
1
8
19
110
8
23
8
14
107
47
1
7
17
100
3
20
6
13
82
323
6
57
111
707
42
117
54
100
738
33
1
5
9
49
2
14
7
6
77
198
3
31
75
440
23
77
30
70
449
42
(1)
6
11
78
5
10
7
9
86
50
1
15
16
140
11
17
9
15
125
37.6
36.5
41.1
38.2
39.0
39.1
37.1
38.5
38.5
39.2
40.8
39.4
43.9
40.7
41.8
42.6
40.1
41.5
40.8
42.0
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
1,098
8
692
182
19
75
102
510
34
(1)
16
7
3
4
6
19
113
1
80
25
3
11
13
56
93
(1)
66
21
2
6
9
41
858
6
530
129
11
54
74
394
68
(1)
47
15
1
5
8
33
530
3
352
67
7
29
46
258
106
1
49
18
2
8
7
42
154
2
82
28
2
13
13
61
39.3
42.3
38.6
38.5
33.4
38.1
37.5
38.8
41.7
49.4
41.4
42.0
40.3
42.1
41.4
41.3
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
637
128
499
62
374
220
25
54
6
26
6
27
1
14
7
1
2
1
57
13
66
12
40
22
2
4
1
65
9
42
9
35
24
3
4
1
489
99
364
39
287
166
20
44
3
43
11
26
4
29
16
1
3
1
( )
308
61
228
22
180
95
10
32
1
62
10
40
4
30
20
3
5
1
76
17
70
9
47
35
5
4
2
38.6
39.0
38.1
36.7
38.7
39.3
40.7
38.4
37.6
40.6
42.1
42.1
40.6
41.4
42.2
42.3
40.6
46.5
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
541
15
1,161
734
515
120
31
402
21
17
1
41
27
22
6
2
16
1
65
2
155
72
65
16
5
51
4
47
2
81
68
49
10
6
40
3
412
11
885
567
379
87
19
295
13
57
2
168
55
35
11
1
43
2
247
5
531
364
219
51
8
180
7
43
2
71
68
47
11
3
29
2
65
3
115
81
79
15
6
43
2
38.4
39.1
37.4
38.4
38.4
37.9
39.8
37.4
35.9
41.1
43.1
40.5
40.7
41.8
41.6
45.0
40.6
40.9
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
West Virginia ..........................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
445
2
430
1,053
7
1
616
71
19
95
2
17
(1)
17
38
1
1
( )
25
3
1
4
1
( )
47
(1)
44
115
1
(1)
65
8
3
14
1
( )
43
(1)
39
93
1
1
( )
58
5
3
8
1
( )
338
1
330
807
4
1
( )
467
55
12
70
2
36
(1)
29
68
1
1
( )
44
6
1
11
(1)
191
(1)
192
474
2
1
( )
258
29
7
37
1
49
(1)
38
98
1
( )
1
( )
59
6
1
7
(1)
62
(1)
70
166
1
(1)
106
13
2
15
1
38.7
37.5
39.3
39.5
34.1
34.7
39.3
41.7
35.7
38.8
40.6
41.7
43.3
41.9
42.2
41.0
48.1
42.3
45.1
40.3
41.6
45.6
See footnotes at end of table.
90
Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Hours of work
Average hours
35 hours and over
Population group and State
Total at work
1 to 14
hours
15 to 29
hours
30 to 34
hours
1
12
(1)
142
11
4
1
( )
1
26
2
1
50
1
478
27
18
1
2
112
1
1
49
1
385
35
13
2
1
88
Persons
who
usually
work full
time
35 to 39
hours
40
hours
41 to 48
hours
15
5
411
15
2,987
199
93
10
12
892
2
1
33
1
240
23
7
1
1
64
5
2
251
8
1,874
101
57
6
7
543
5
(1)
48
3
395
29
11
1
1
114
3
2
78
3
478
46
17
2
2
171
40.8
41.0
39.6
43.0
38.2
39.2
38.3
39.0
38.8
39.6
44.5
46.7
42.0
44.7
41.4
41.9
42.3
41.0
42.1
41.9
Total
49 hours
and over
Total at
work
Hispanic origin
(1)
Alabama .................................
Alaska .....................................
Arizona ...................................
Arkansas .................................
California ................................
Colorado .................................
Connecticut .............................
Delaware ................................
District of Columbia ................
Florida .....................................
19
7
523
17
3,993
271
128
13
15
1,118
Georgia ...................................
Hawaii .....................................
Idaho .......................................
Illinois ......................................
Indiana ....................................
Iowa ........................................
Kansas ....................................
Kentucky .................................
Louisiana ................................
96
16
55
513
60
33
55
15
45
3
1
1
8
3
2
2
1
2
9
3
7
39
5
3
7
1
( )
5
10
2
5
51
4
4
8
1
3
74
10
42
415
47
24
39
13
35
7
1
6
35
1
3
3
(1)
5
36
5
23
247
22
9
21
8
19
11
2
5
62
6
5
5
1
4
20
2
8
72
18
6
9
3
8
40.3
37.2
38.9
40.0
43.1
39.6
39.2
40.1
40.4
43.9
42.6
41.3
42.0
47.6
43.1
42.7
42.8
42.6
Maryland .................................
Massachusetts ........................
Michigan .................................
Minnesota ...............................
Mississippi ..............................
Missouri ..................................
Montana ..................................
Nebraska ................................
Nevada ...................................
New Hampshire ......................
114
124
139
56
13
33
8
29
125
8
2
5
3
1
12
13
15
4
1
3
1
3
10
1
14
15
13
4
1
4
(1)
3
9
1
86
92
108
46
10
26
6
23
102
6
8
8
7
8
1
1
1
2
8
1
55
63
60
22
6
11
2
12
71
2
8
10
19
4
2
4
1
5
10
1
15
11
22
11
2
9
2
4
13
2
39.1
37.5
40.2
41.8
40.9
41.5
37.3
39.8
39.3
41.4
41.6
40.7
43.1
44.7
42.2
43.8
44.4
43.5
41.4
46.1
New Jersey .............................
New Mexico ............................
New York ................................
North Carolina ........................
North Dakota ..........................
Ohio ........................................
Oklahoma ...............................
Oregon ....................................
Pennsylvania ..........................
Rhode Island ..........................
423
277
1,061
105
2
68
47
121
113
26
12
12
28
2
(1)
3
3
6
5
1
( )
46
44
130
12
(1)
5
5
19
14
2
34
31
76
5
(1)
6
5
12
12
4
331
191
827
86
1
54
35
85
82
20
37
19
130
13
(1)
4
3
9
12
2
194
114
458
47
(1)
30
21
46
44
13
40
23
80
14
(1)
8
5
10
12
3
59
35
159
12
(1)
12
6
19
15
2
38.9
37.4
39.1
39.1
37.8
39.1
37.6
38.1
38.5
39.0
41.5
41.7
41.9
40.4
45.8
41.8
40.7
42.5
41.2
40.4
South Carolina ........................
South Dakota ..........................
Tennessee ..............................
Texas ......................................
Utah ........................................
Vermont ..................................
Virginia ....................................
Washington .............................
Wisconsin ...............................
Wyoming .................................
15
5
18
2,598
60
1
102
123
45
10
1
(1)
1
( )
88
1
1
( )
5
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
234
6
(1)
9
14
4
1
13
3
14
1,979
46
1
74
93
36
7
1
5
1
7
1,082
27
(1)
37
49
18
4
3
1
3
286
6
1
( )
12
14
5
1
4
1
2
425
9
1
( )
18
20
9
2
42.7
38.1
39.8
39.3
39.5
28.4
39.0
39.4
42.0
40.6
46.6
41.3
42.0
42.3
41.7
39.8
42.2
41.1
45.5
44.5
(1)
(1)
1
1
1
3
(1)
3
296
7
(1)
14
14
3
1
1 Less than 500 persons.
(1)
2
186
4
(1)
7
9
3
1
( )
because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add
to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not
meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on
the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals
91
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages
(In thousands)
Usually work full time
Population group and State
Total
Usually work part time
Slack
Vacation
WeatherHoliday,
work or
or
related
legal or
business personal
curtailreligious
conditions
day
ment
Other
reasons1
Total
Slack
work or
business
conditions
Other
Retired
Could
In
Childfamily or
or Social Other
only find
school
personal
Security reacare
part-time
or
limit on sons2
problems obligawork
training
tions
earnings
TOTAL
Alabama ...............................
Alaska ...................................
Arizona .................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ..............................
Colorado ...............................
Connecticut ...........................
Delaware ..............................
District of Columbia ..............
Florida ...................................
216
32
201
115
1,416
220
149
35
26
563
20
3
15
16
176
18
6
2
2
54
51
9
49
32
351
81
42
12
7
160
67
7
63
20
392
44
58
8
9
136
4
5
45
3
5
1
(3)
10
70
13
70
42
452
74
38
12
8
203
316
47
340
167
2,585
338
287
57
27
941
14
4
23
8
241
12
15
2
3
63
19
6
18
9
200
13
23
5
3
58
8
1
21
3
87
9
18
2
1
48
65
11
66
39
553
92
81
13
3
154
117
10
102
54
777
101
69
17
8
268
37
2
26
19
161
25
25
6
3
97
56
13
84
35
566
86
56
12
6
253
Georgia .................................
Hawaii ...................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
Iowa ......................................
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ...............................
Louisiana ..............................
Maine ....................................
353
60
62
545
277
145
135
182
192
69
34
8
9
34
17
12
8
16
22
6
100
12
17
170
87
44
40
48
47
17
85
27
13
181
63
33
34
46
47
20
19
(3)
2
25
25
13
6
8
12
6
115
13
21
135
85
43
47
64
64
20
501
99
117
951
484
269
243
259
264
115
22
10
7
39
15
7
7
12
18
7
23
13
8
55
20
13
13
22
23
9
17
2
2
39
14
5
6
10
8
3
114
19
35
213
136
74
63
52
48
26
138
28
35
303
149
91
90
75
81
26
47
8
9
100
52
31
29
25
19
14
140
19
21
202
98
48
35
63
67
30
Maryland ...............................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan ...............................
Minnesota .............................
Mississippi ............................
Missouri ................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ..............................
Nevada .................................
New Hampshire ....................
284
312
396
261
107
294
45
83
68
61
15
14
39
18
13
19
5
6
9
3
79
68
121
104
24
94
14
27
19
17
97
145
105
56
25
68
9
18
15
22
11
10
10
6
6
18
1
7
1
4
82
75
121
77
39
95
16
25
24
15
321
586
858
520
144
418
95
165
115
112
17
19
31
16
8
14
6
6
8
4
21
25
63
23
14
22
10
6
7
5
14
32
29
10
3
11
1
2
4
4
85
170
220
149
23
80
25
45
22
35
86
172
290
166
43
164
26
62
29
33
42
55
76
49
14
54
8
15
10
12
56
113
149
107
39
73
19
29
35
19
New Jersey ...........................
New Mexico ..........................
New York ..............................
North Carolina ......................
North Dakota ........................
Ohio ......................................
Oklahoma .............................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania ........................
Rhode Island ........................
368
73
734
344
33
455
153
168
517
58
20
7
45
36
3
35
11
18
34
3
106
21
199
87
11
146
49
42
166
12
128
22
287
106
7
124
37
36
148
29
7
1
10
18
2
9
6
20
15
1
107
22
193
97
10
141
50
52
154
13
595
141
1,368
462
64
933
236
312
1,014
83
27
10
87
20
2
29
11
25
46
3
42
12
130
25
5
54
13
20
75
7
29
3
77
17
1
45
7
6
45
7
139
33
304
75
16
230
51
79
289
20
171
36
356
142
22
290
76
68
272
21
57
12
111
59
6
83
26
20
104
7
130
35
303
124
12
202
52
94
183
18
South Carolina ......................
South Dakota ........................
Tennessee ............................
Texas ....................................
Utah ......................................
Vermont ................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin .............................
Wyoming ...............................
142
35
257
895
101
31
340
314
75
256
20
19
2
24
86
7
2
18
34
8
22
2
37
11
61
241
36
10
111
86
19
91
7
31
7
56
195
21
8
99
71
23
51
5
6
4
24
54
3
1
11
15
3
7
1
49
11
92
319
34
10
101
108
22
85
5
269
74
375
1,282
211
66
473
504
121
520
47
8
2
17
72
7
3
24
28
6
22
3
16
3
21
86
5
4
25
28
16
20
4
4
1
12
50
8
2
17
12
2
11
3
( )
49
14
78
239
65
21
117
131
27
162
15
91
28
107
414
85
16
138
148
32
166
15
23
10
43
97
11
8
41
29
11
58
4
78
16
97
324
30
12
111
128
27
81
6
(3)
8
See footnotes at end of table.
92
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(In thousands)
Usually work full time
Population group and State
Total
Usually work part time
Slack
Vacation
WeatherHoliday,
work or
or
related
legal or
business personal
curtailreligious
conditions
day
ment
Other
reasons1
Total
Slack
work or
business
conditions
Other
Retired
Could
In
family or
or Social Other
Childonly find
school
personal
Security reacare
part-time
or
limit on sons2
problems obligawork
training
tions
earnings
Men
Alabama ...............................
Alaska ...................................
Arizona .................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ..............................
Colorado ...............................
Connecticut ...........................
Delaware ..............................
District of Columbia ..............
Florida ...................................
Georgia .................................
Hawaii ...................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
Iowa ......................................
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ...............................
Louisiana ..............................
Maine ....................................
99
17
101
53
758
109
69
16
12
264
172
31
33
270
128
72
68
87
92
34
10
2
9
8
120
10
3
1
1
32
24
5
6
22
10
7
4
8
11
4
22
5
25
16
189
42
20
5
3
77
52
7
9
84
38
22
20
24
22
8
31
4
32
10
190
23
26
4
4
58
39
13
7
86
32
16
17
21
22
9
(3)
8
3
4
42
3
4
1
3
( )
9
28
6
32
15
217
31
16
5
4
88
19
(3)
2
15
16
8
3
6
10
4
38
6
9
63
32
19
24
28
27
9
112
15
109
55
946
110
89
19
10
336
148
31
36
312
144
86
80
83
84
37
5
2
10
4
123
5
6
1
1
29
11
4
3
18
6
3
4
5
8
3
6
2
9
3
81
4
11
2
1
19
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
6
6
3
24
7
5
5
10
7
3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
Maryland ...............................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan ...............................
Minnesota .............................
Mississippi ............................
Missouri ................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ..............................
Nevada .................................
New Hampshire ....................
139
149
200
131
54
146
22
41
34
30
10
8
22
11
8
10
3
3
5
1
36
35
64
55
13
44
7
14
9
9
47
67
53
25
11
34
5
7
7
11
10
6
7
4
4
12
1
4
1
2
36
33
54
36
18
46
6
13
12
7
112
161
253
162
53
170
32
53
43
29
7
10
15
7
3
9
3
2
4
2
6
11
18
8
6
11
4
2
2
1
New Jersey ...........................
New Mexico ..........................
New York ..............................
North Carolina ......................
North Dakota ........................
Ohio ......................................
Oklahoma .............................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania ........................
Rhode Island ........................
174
39
362
177
16
229
79
89
269
27
12
4
28
23
2
22
8
12
23
2
54
11
103
45
5
75
28
23
86
5
59
12
137
51
3
62
18
17
75
14
5
1
7
18
1
8
5
13
13
1
44
11
87
40
5
62
20
24
72
5
182
46
434
166
19
284
82
99
288
25
10
6
39
11
1
15
5
12
19
2
17
5
53
9
2
21
6
9
24
3
South Carolina ......................
South Dakota ........................
Tennessee ............................
Texas ....................................
Utah ......................................
Vermont ................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin .............................
Wyoming ...............................
68
17
130
456
53
16
172
168
38
123
10
11
1
15
52
3
1
9
22
4
11
1
17
6
29
127
20
5
63
46
9
45
4
16
3
27
87
10
4
46
35
10
24
2
6
2
20
42
3
1
9
12
3
6
(3)
18
5
39
148
17
5
45
53
12
37
3
84
24
121
436
68
18
155
158
37
155
16
4
1
6
31
3
1
10
12
3
11
1
5
1
4
35
2
1
11
10
7
7
1
See footnotes at end of table.
93
(3)
(3)
(3)
5
1
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
55
4
41
24
377
48
33
9
4
122
24
1
12
10
88
14
15
3
2
56
20
5
33
11
219
32
17
4
2
98
8
2
2
9
2
5
3
2
2
62
9
16
133
65
42
39
30
35
11
25
4
5
51
26
16
14
18
12
7
36
6
7
75
38
15
15
17
21
11
3
6
10
9
2
2
1
2
2
2
46
73
129
82
23
82
14
29
14
13
28
28
41
29
8
33
4
8
6
6
22
31
39
26
11
33
6
10
15
5
5
2
20
3
1
10
3
5
8
1
73
16
153
63
9
133
36
28
129
8
38
7
63
35
3
47
14
9
57
4
38
10
105
45
3
55
18
36
50
7
3
1
6
13
3
1
6
7
2
6
1
40
12
45
192
41
6
71
69
13
69
8
8
4
26
51
6
4
21
15
6
33
2
24
5
34
112
13
5
36
45
6
28
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2
1
4
3
53
6
7
3
( )
(3)
11
2
1
(3)
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(In thousands)
Usually work full time
Population group and State
Total
Usually work part time
Slack
Vacation
WeatherHoliday,
work or
or
related
legal or
business personal
curtailreligious
conditions
day
ment
Other
reasons1
Total
Slack
work or
business
conditions
Other
Retired
Could
In
family or
or Social Other
Childonly find
school
personal
Security reacare
part-time
or
limit on sons2
problems obligawork
training
tions
earnings
Women
Alabama ...............................
Alaska ...................................
Arizona .................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ..............................
Colorado ...............................
Connecticut ...........................
Delaware ..............................
District of Columbia ..............
Florida ...................................
117
15
100
62
658
110
80
19
15
299
10
1
6
8
56
7
3
1
1
22
28
4
24
17
163
39
22
7
4
83
36
3
31
11
202
20
32
4
5
79
(3)
(3)
1
43
7
38
25
233
43
21
7
5
114
204
32
231
112
1,639
229
198
39
16
605
9
2
13
4
118
7
9
1
2
33
13
4
9
6
118
8
12
3
2
39
8
1
20
3
82
8
17
2
1
47
63
10
62
36
501
86
75
13
2
143
62
5
61
29
400
53
36
8
4
147
14
1
14
9
73
11
9
3
2
41
35
9
52
25
347
56
40
9
3
155
10
9
5
3
2
2
2
77
7
10
73
54
22
22
36
37
11
353
68
81
639
340
184
163
176
179
78
11
6
4
21
9
4
3
7
10
4
18
8
5
32
13
8
8
12
16
6
17
2
2
37
13
4
6
10
8
3
106
18
33
204
134
69
60
50
48
25
76
19
19
170
84
49
51
45
47
14
21
5
4
50
26
15
15
7
7
6
104
10
14
125
61
35
20
45
43
20
47
43
67
42
19
50
9
11
13
8
209
425
605
358
91
248
63
113
72
83
11
9
16
9
5
5
3
3
5
2
15
14
44
15
8
10
6
4
5
3
14
30
28
9
3
11
1
2
4
4
81
164
210
140
21
78
25
43
20
33
40
99
161
84
21
81
12
33
15
20
14
27
35
21
7
21
4
7
4
6
34
82
111
80
26
42
12
21
19
15
63
11
108
56
5
81
28
27
80
8
413
95
935
297
45
649
155
214
726
58
16
5
48
9
1
15
6
12
27
1
25
7
77
17
3
33
7
11
51
4
27
3
75
17
1
43
7
6
44
7
134
30
284
72
15
220
48
74
281
19
98
21
203
79
13
157
40
40
143
13
19
5
48
24
3
36
11
11
47
3
94
24
200
79
9
145
36
60
133
11
30
6
52
170
18
6
56
54
13
49
3
185
50
254
847
143
48
318
346
84
365
32
4
1
10
42
4
2
14
15
3
11
1
11
2
17
50
4
3
14
18
9
13
2
4
1
12
48
8
2
17
12
2
10
(3)
46
13
72
226
62
20
111
124
26
156
14
50
16
62
221
44
9
67
79
18
97
7
15
5
17
45
5
4
20
14
5
25
2
55
12
64
215
16
8
75
84
21
53
6
(3)
(3)
Georgia .................................
Hawaii ...................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
Iowa ......................................
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ...............................
Louisiana ..............................
Maine ....................................
181
29
28
275
149
73
67
95
100
35
10
3
4
11
7
6
4
7
11
2
48
5
8
85
48
23
20
24
25
9
46
14
6
96
31
17
18
26
25
11
(3)
(3)
(3)
Maryland ...............................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan ...............................
Minnesota .............................
Mississippi ............................
Missouri ................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ..............................
Nevada .................................
New Hampshire ....................
145
163
196
130
53
148
23
41
34
31
6
6
17
6
6
9
2
3
4
2
42
33
57
49
12
50
7
13
9
8
50
77
52
31
14
33
5
11
8
11
(3)
New Jersey ...........................
New Mexico ..........................
New York ..............................
North Carolina ......................
North Dakota ........................
Ohio ......................................
Oklahoma .............................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania ........................
Rhode Island ........................
194
34
373
167
17
227
74
79
248
31
7
3
17
14
1
13
4
6
12
1
53
10
96
42
6
71
21
19
80
7
69
10
149
55
5
61
20
19
73
15
South Carolina ......................
South Dakota ........................
Tennessee ............................
Texas ....................................
Utah ......................................
Vermont ................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin .............................
Wyoming ...............................
74
18
127
439
48
15
167
146
38
133
10
8
1
10
35
3
1
8
12
3
11
1
20
5
32
114
16
4
49
40
10
45
3
16
4
29
108
11
4
53
36
12
27
3
(3)
(3)
1
1
4
1
2
4
3
2
2
6
3
2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2
3
1
1
8
3
(3)
2
4
12
(3)
(3)
1
4
(3)
1
(3)
See footnotes at end of table.
94
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(In thousands)
Usually work full time
Population group and State
Total
Usually work part time
Slack
Vacation
WeatherHoliday,
work or
or
related
legal or
business personal
curtailreligious
conditions
day
ment
Other
reasons1
Total
Slack
work or
business
conditions
Other
Retired
Could
In
family or
or Social Other
Childonly find
school
personal
Security reacare
part-time
or
limit on sons2
problems obligawork
training
tions
earnings
White
Alabama ...............................
Alaska ...................................
Arizona .................................
Arkansas ...............................
California ..............................
Colorado ...............................
Connecticut ...........................
Delaware ..............................
District of Columbia ..............
Florida ...................................
154
26
185
93
1,141
209
124
27
11
472
13
2
14
13
151
17
5
1
1
44
41
8
47
27
289
77
35
10
4
139
46
6
55
18
297
41
47
6
4
115
3
3
42
3
5
1
(3)
8
49
10
66
32
362
71
32
9
2
166
247
39
324
148
2,224
335
263
47
10
810
6
2
23
5
216
12
14
2
1
46
10
4
17
7
160
13
16
3
(3)
44
5
1
20
2
74
9
17
2
(3)
40
58
10
64
36
503
93
80
11
1
142
92
8
92
47
631
98
62
14
3
229
34
2
25
19
138
25
24
5
1
88
42
12
83
32
502
85
50
10
4
221
Georgia .................................
Hawaii ...................................
Idaho .....................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
Iowa ......................................
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ...............................
Louisiana ..............................
Maine ....................................
238
14
61
471
252
140
124
170
138
69
22
1
9
29
16
11
7
15
13
6
73
3
16
154
80
43
37
47
37
16
56
5
13
153
58
32
32
42
36
19
14
(3)
2
22
22
13
6
8
7
6
73
5
21
113
76
41
42
58
45
22
383
29
119
842
463
267
226
245
198
118
18
3
8
30
15
8
6
11
12
7
11
4
8
36
17
12
12
20
11
9
13
(3)
2
36
12
5
4
10
6
3
99
6
36
207
135
76
61
50
42
27
97
6
35
262
137
86
81
68
63
26
35
2
9
93
50
32
28
24
15
14
110
8
21
178
97
48
34
62
49
32
Maryland ...............................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan ...............................
Minnesota .............................
Mississippi ............................
Missouri ................................
Montana ................................
Nebraska ..............................
Nevada .................................
New Hampshire ....................
187
295
339
244
68
266
41
79
59
60
10
13
31
16
8
18
5
6
8
3
54
64
108
102
16
88
13
26
17
17
61
137
89
51
18
60
9
17
13
22
7
9
9
6
4
18
1
6
1
4
55
72
102
69
22
82
13
24
20
14
260
574
779
508
93
395
93
160
106
113
10
19
24
14
4
14
6
6
6
4
15
23
51
21
4
17
9
5
6
5
11
31
27
10
2
10
1
2
4
4
81
169
206
153
19
77
25
45
20
35
63
167
262
156
24
155
25
59
26
32
32
53
70
49
12
52
8
14
9
12
48
112
139
105
28
70
19
29
35
21
New Jersey ...........................
New Mexico ..........................
New York ..............................
North Carolina ......................
North Dakota ........................
Ohio ......................................
Oklahoma .............................
Oregon ..................................
Pennsylvania ........................
Rhode Island ........................
296
64
596
250
31
395
132
154
468
54
17
7
38
23
3
29
9
16
31
3
90
19
168
71
11
134
42
39
155
12
102
18
229
76
7
107
32
32
133
28
6
1
10
13
2
9
6
17
15
1
81
19
151
67
8
116
43
50
134
10
514
130
1,166
369
64
859
205
299
952
79
18
10
63
16
2
27
8
24
38
3
30
10
92
11
5
46
10
20
68
6
26
3
68
14
1
42
6
5
41
7
130
31
282
71
16
221
48
76
284
20
138
33
292
114
22
258
64
61
249
19
53
10
103
47
6
76
23
19
100
7
119
33
266
96
12
189
46
94
172
17
South Carolina ......................
South Dakota ........................
Tennessee ............................
Texas ....................................
Utah ......................................
Vermont ................................
Virginia ..................................
Washington ...........................
West Virginia ........................
Wisconsin .............................
Wyoming ...............................
100
32
209
763
97
30
264
285
72
236
20
11
2
20
76
7
2
13
32
8
21
2
28
11
50
210
35
9
89
78
18
85
7
24
6
48
167
19
8
76
64
22
47
5
3
4
22
46
3
1
9
14
3
6
1
34
9
69
264
33
10
77
97
21
77
5
204
72
331
1,138
210
67
386
492
119
515
47
5
2
13
63
7
3
16
29
6
22
3
7
3
16
68
5
5
14
27
16
19
4
4
1
11
45
8
2
13
12
2
9
1
43
14
76
230
64
22
109
130
26
166
15
69
28
87
359
83
15
106
140
31
159
14
20
10
42
87
11
8
35
29
11
57
4
56
14
86
286
32
12
93
125
27
83
6
(3)
5
See footnotes at end of table.
95
Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages
— Continued
(In thousands)
Usually work full time
Population group and State
Total
Usually work part time
Slack
Vacation
WeatherHoliday,
work or
or
related
legal or
business personal
curtailreligious
conditions
day
ment
Other
reasons1
Total
Slack
work or
business
conditions
Other
Retired
Could
In
family or
or Social Other
Childonly find
school
personal
Security reacare
part-time
or
limit on sons2
problems obligawork
training
tions
earnings
Black
Alabama ...............................
Arkansas ...............................
California ..............................
Connecticut ...........................
Delaware ..............................
District of Columbia ..............
Florida ...................................
57
20
107
22
7
15
79
6
3
9
1
1
1
9
8
5
24
5
2
3
18
20
2
37
10
2
5
18
Georgia .................................
Hawaii ...................................
Illinois ....................................
Indiana ..................................
Iowa ......................................
Kansas ..................................
Kentucky ...............................
Louisiana ..............................
113
(4)
58
24
4
( )
7
(4)
52
11
(4)
4
1
4
( )
1
(4)
9
27
(4)
11
7
4
( )
2
(4)
10
28
(4)
21
5
4
( )
2
(4)
10
Maryland ...............................
Massachusetts ......................
Michigan ...............................
Minnesota .............................
Mississippi ............................
Missouri ................................
Nebraska ..............................
Nevada .................................
91
12
48
(4)
38
23
3
4
5
1
7
23
2
11
4
( )
8
5
1
1
33
5
14
4
( )
7
6
3
( )
1
New Jersey ...........................
New York ..............................
North Carolina ......................
Ohio ......................................
Oklahoma .............................
Pennsylvania ........................
Rhode Island ........................
57
104
79
55
11
44
3
2
6
11
6
1
3
(3)
13
21
13
11
4
9
(3)
20
42
25
14
3
14
1
South Carolina ......................
Tennessee ............................
Texas ....................................
Virginia ..................................
Wisconsin .............................
42
48
111
66
13
7
5
9
5
9
11
25
18
4
7
8
23
19
2
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
6
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
3
1
1
20
9
36
6
2
6
32
75
21
133
28
10
17
136
42
(4)
20
8
4
( )
2
(4)
18
127
2
108
31
6
14
18
66
27
3
15
4
( )
15
11
2
2
58
17
90
14
51
32
3
6
20
35
26
24
3
18
2
16
22
47
22
6
2
(4)
(4)
(3)
(4)
5
2
3
5
(4)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
3
1
1
2
2
4
3
2
7
2
1
1 Includes seasonal work, job started or ended, own illness, child-care
problems, other family or personal obligations, labor dispute, in school or training,
civic or military duty, and all other reasons.
2 Includes seasonal work, health and medical limitations, full-time workweek
less than 35 hours, and all other reasons.
9
3
12
2
1
2
16
10
3
16
7
2
3
16
5
14
(3)
19
3
1
2
2
13
(3)
(3)
9
1
1
1
7
1
6
2
12
2
10
5
1
1
74
179
92
83
22
65
5
10
22
5
3
2
10
(3)
12
36
14
10
3
10
1
67
53
142
86
(4)
3
4
12
8
(4)
10
5
20
12
(4)
(3)
7
1
8
2
4
1
(3)
(3)
(3)
3
1
3
8
(3)
(3)
(3)
4
3
1
1
2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4)
3
1
3
1
1
3
8
3
4
4
1
1
3
4
9
3
14
3
2
1
14
25
7
43
7
3
4
39
4
1
9
1
1
2
8
15
3
36
8
1
5
35
16
(3)
9
5
3
( )
2
3
6
41
1
30
13
3
5
6
19
12
(3)
8
2
3
( )
1
1
4
35
1
30
6
2
2
5
15
5
2
15
1
5
6
1
1
17
5
29
4
18
9
(3)
1
10
2
7
1
3
3
3
( )
(3)
10
4
16
4
10
7
1
2
7
21
5
11
2
6
(3)
25
51
26
28
8
17
2
3
7
12
6
2
4
(3)
14
34
27
21
5
14
2
7
6
8
9
21
22
47
30
(4)
3
2
11
6
(4)
22
13
41
17
(4)
(4)
3 Less than 500 persons.
4 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication
standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area.
See appendix B.
NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding.
96
Table 20. States: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, 1998 annual averages
(In thousands)
State
Total
Vacation
Child-care
problems1
Own illness
Other reasons2
Alabama .............................................................................
Alaska .................................................................................
Arizona ...............................................................................
Arkansas .............................................................................
California ............................................................................
Colorado .............................................................................
Connecticut .........................................................................
Delaware ............................................................................
District of Columbia ............................................................
Florida .................................................................................
79
20
77
42
636
87
78
16
9
284
37
12
41
18
339
50
52
8
4
163
11
2
9
5
78
11
8
2
1
31
17
2
14
11
124
12
11
4
1
56
14
4
13
8
95
14
7
2
3
34
Georgia ...............................................................................
Hawaii .................................................................................
Idaho ...................................................................................
Illinois ..................................................................................
Indiana ................................................................................
Iowa ....................................................................................
Kansas ................................................................................
Kentucky .............................................................................
Louisiana ............................................................................
Maine ..................................................................................
150
28
26
262
125
59
51
90
86
29
72
14
14
153
64
31
25
45
44
15
20
3
3
23
12
6
5
8
6
3
34
7
4
51
23
10
11
17
18
5
24
4
5
35
26
12
10
20
18
6
Maryland .............................................................................
Massachusetts ....................................................................
Michigan .............................................................................
Minnesota ...........................................................................
Mississippi ..........................................................................
Missouri ..............................................................................
Montana ..............................................................................
Nebraska ............................................................................
Nevada ...............................................................................
New Hampshire ..................................................................
110
145
216
102
50
106
22
30
34
27
60
88
116
55
26
53
10
17
19
16
10
15
22
11
5
16
3
4
3
3
25
26
51
17
11
19
3
3
7
5
15
16
27
19
8
18
6
6
5
3
New Jersey .........................................................................
New Mexico ........................................................................
New York ............................................................................
North Carolina ....................................................................
North Dakota ......................................................................
Ohio ....................................................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................................................
Oregon ................................................................................
Pennsylvania ......................................................................
Rhode Island ......................................................................
169
32
408
134
14
258
65
78
235
26
101
16
241
70
7
147
33
38
126
14
16
5
37
18
2
25
6
9
21
2
34
4
80
28
2
50
15
15
54
7
18
7
50
18
3
36
11
16
34
3
South Carolina ....................................................................
South Dakota ......................................................................
Tennessee ..........................................................................
Texas ..................................................................................
Utah ....................................................................................
Vermont ..............................................................................
Virginia ................................................................................
Washington .........................................................................
West Virginia ......................................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................................................
Wyoming .............................................................................
75
19
116
366
42
16
142
142
42
127
11
34
8
57
193
23
9
88
72
21
71
6
8
2
14
43
5
1
13
14
2
13
1
19
2
24
73
6
3
21
24
12
23
2
14
7
21
57
8
3
20
32
7
20
2
1 Includes maternity or paternity leave and other family obligations.
2 Includes labor dispute, bad weather, in school or training, civic or military
duty, and all other reasons.
NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding.
97
Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment,
1998 annual averages
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs1
Total unemployed
Population group and State
Number
(In thousands)
Percent
Total
On temporary
layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
TOTAL
Alabama .................................................................
Alaska .....................................................................
Arizona ...................................................................
Arkansas .................................................................
California ................................................................
Colorado .................................................................
Delaware ................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................
Florida .....................................................................
91
18
94
67
969
86
15
24
310
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.0
50.0
36.2
40.3
46.6
37.2
46.7
33.3
48.4
9.9
22.2
16.0
11.9
13.5
11.6
20.0
4.2
9.7
12.1
16.7
14.9
16.4
9.4
15.1
20.0
8.3
11.6
34.1
33.3
43.6
32.8
33.8
41.9
33.3
50.0
33.2
8.8
5.6
6.4
10.4
10.0
5.8
6.7
8.3
6.8
Georgia ...................................................................
Hawaii .....................................................................
Idaho .......................................................................
Illinois ......................................................................
Kansas ....................................................................
Kentucky .................................................................
Louisiana ................................................................
Maine ......................................................................
169
37
33
277
54
89
118
29
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.4
48.6
51.5
46.6
44.4
37.1
39.8
48.3
9.5
13.5
27.3
13.4
13.0
14.6
11.9
20.7
14.2
8.1
12.1
11.9
16.7
14.6
12.7
17.2
33.1
35.1
27.3
35.4
37.0
39.3
31.4
31.0
11.2
10.8
6.1
6.5
3.7
9.0
16.1
3.4
Maryland .................................................................
Massachusetts ........................................................
Michigan .................................................................
Mississippi ..............................................................
Missouri ..................................................................
Montana ..................................................................
Nevada ...................................................................
125
109
194
68
119
26
40
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.0
56.0
50.0
35.3
42.0
42.3
50.0
11.2
21.1
21.1
11.8
14.3
19.2
12.5
6.4
11.0
10.8
11.8
12.6
15.4
12.5
39.2
26.6
31.4
38.2
37.8
38.5
30.0
6.4
5.5
8.2
13.2
7.6
3.8
5.0
New Jersey .............................................................
New Mexico ............................................................
New York ................................................................
North Carolina ........................................................
North Dakota ..........................................................
Ohio ........................................................................
Oklahoma ...............................................................
Oregon ....................................................................
Pennsylvania ..........................................................
Rhode Island ..........................................................
192
51
498
131
11
242
74
98
275
24
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.6
45.1
46.6
43.5
36.4
45.9
43.2
49.0
50.9
45.8
14.1
13.7
12.9
12.2
27.3
19.0
9.5
18.4
19.6
16.7
7.8
11.8
8.6
17.6
9.1
12.8
13.5
12.2
10.5
12.5
30.7
35.3
36.3
32.8
36.4
33.1
36.5
34.7
28.4
33.3
9.9
9.8
8.4
6.1
9.1
8.3
5.4
4.1
9.8
8.3
South Carolina ........................................................
Tennessee ..............................................................
Texas ......................................................................
Utah ........................................................................
Washington .............................................................
West Virginia ..........................................................
Wisconsin ...............................................................
Wyoming .................................................................
75
116
487
40
145
53
99
12
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.0
46.6
39.6
40.0
46.2
41.5
47.5
41.7
12.0
12.9
8.6
12.5
15.9
13.2
21.2
16.7
16.0
12.9
12.9
15.0
11.0
9.4
11.1
16.7
30.7
32.8
37.2
37.5
35.9
34.0
36.4
41.7
8.0
6.9
10.1
5.0
6.2
13.2
6.1
8.3
Men
Alaska .....................................................................
Arkansas .................................................................
California ................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................
Florida .....................................................................
11
35
535
10
155
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.5
48.6
52.3
40.0
53.5
27.3
14.3
13.6
10.0
10.3
9.1
14.3
9.7
10.0
9.0
27.3
22.9
28.8
40.0
31.0
9.1
11.4
9.3
10.0
6.5
Georgia ...................................................................
Hawaii .....................................................................
Idaho .......................................................................
Illinois ......................................................................
Kentucky .................................................................
Louisiana ................................................................
84
19
19
147
45
58
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.8
52.6
57.9
54.4
46.7
44.8
10.7
10.5
31.6
16.3
22.2
15.5
14.3
5.3
10.5
11.6
17.8
13.8
26.2
31.6
26.3
26.5
28.9
25.9
10.7
10.5
5.3
7.5
8.9
15.5
Maryland .................................................................
Massachusetts ........................................................
Michigan .................................................................
Mississippi ..............................................................
Montana ..................................................................
68
66
114
33
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.3
66.7
56.1
39.4
46.7
13.2
22.7
23.7
9.1
26.7
2.9
9.1
12.3
15.2
13.3
33.8
18.2
24.6
30.3
33.3
4.4
6.1
7.0
12.1
6.7
See footnotes at end of table.
98
Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs1
Total unemployed
Population group and State
Number
(In thousands)
Percent
Total
On temporary
layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Men–Continued
New Jersey .............................................................
New Mexico ............................................................
New York ................................................................
Ohio ........................................................................
Oregon ....................................................................
Pennsylvania ..........................................................
Rhode Island ..........................................................
Texas ......................................................................
Washington .............................................................
West Virginia ..........................................................
Wyoming .................................................................
103
29
257
133
55
150
13
240
80
33
7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
54.4
55.2
54.5
56.4
52.7
58.7
46.2
47.5
48.8
48.5
57.1
12.6
17.2
15.2
23.3
16.4
23.3
15.4
9.2
16.3
18.2
14.3
7.8
10.3
8.2
12.8
12.7
11.3
15.4
12.9
12.5
9.1
14.3
25.2
27.6
29.2
24.8
30.9
22.0
23.1
30.4
30.0
30.3
28.6
11.7
6.9
8.6
6.8
3.6
8.0
7.7
8.8
8.8
12.1
2
( )
Women
Alaska .....................................................................
Arkansas .................................................................
California ................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................
Florida .....................................................................
8
32
433
14
155
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.5
31.3
40.0
28.6
43.2
12.5
9.4
13.4
7.1
8.4
25.0
15.6
9.2
7.1
14.2
37.5
40.6
40.2
50.0
35.5
(2)
12.5
10.9
7.1
7.1
Georgia ...................................................................
Hawaii .....................................................................
Idaho .......................................................................
Illinois ......................................................................
Kentucky .................................................................
Louisiana ................................................................
Michigan .................................................................
Mississippi ..............................................................
Montana ..................................................................
85
18
14
131
43
59
81
36
11
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.1
44.4
42.9
37.4
27.9
35.6
40.7
30.6
36.4
8.2
16.7
21.4
9.9
7.0
8.5
17.3
11.1
18.2
14.1
5.6
14.3
12.2
14.0
11.9
9.9
8.3
18.2
40.0
38.9
35.7
45.0
51.2
37.3
40.7
47.2
45.5
11.8
11.1
7.1
5.3
9.3
16.9
8.6
13.9
9.1
New Jersey .............................................................
New Mexico ............................................................
New York ................................................................
North Carolina ........................................................
Ohio ........................................................................
Oregon ....................................................................
Pennsylvania ..........................................................
Texas ......................................................................
West Virginia ..........................................................
Wyoming .................................................................
89
23
241
68
108
43
125
247
20
6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.3
30.4
38.2
41.2
33.3
44.2
42.4
32.0
30.0
33.3
15.7
8.7
10.0
11.8
13.9
18.6
15.2
8.5
5.0
(2)
7.9
13.0
9.1
19.1
13.0
11.6
10.4
13.0
10.0
16.7
36.0
43.5
44.0
30.9
43.5
39.5
36.0
43.7
45.0
33.3
7.9
8.7
8.3
8.8
10.2
2.3
12.0
11.3
15.0
16.7
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
California ................................................................
New York ................................................................
Ohio ........................................................................
Texas ......................................................................
159
78
52
127
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.1
16.7
15.4
13.4
6.9
7.7
3.8
2.4
4.4
3.8
7.7
11.8
43.4
52.6
50.0
44.9
37.1
26.9
26.9
29.9
White
Alaska .....................................................................
Arizona ...................................................................
Arkansas .................................................................
California ................................................................
Colorado .................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................
Florida .....................................................................
Idaho .......................................................................
Illinois ......................................................................
Kansas ....................................................................
Kentucky .................................................................
Louisiana ................................................................
Maine ......................................................................
Massachusetts ........................................................
Michigan .................................................................
Missouri ..................................................................
Montana ..................................................................
13
86
39
750
78
4
222
32
194
43
78
54
28
96
141
91
23
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.8
37.2
46.2
48.5
38.5
25.0
50.0
53.1
45.4
48.8
37.2
42.6
50.0
57.3
52.5
45.1
43.5
30.8
16.3
15.4
14.9
12.8
(2)
10.8
28.1
14.4
14.0
15.4
13.0
21.4
21.9
24.8
16.5
21.7
15.4
14.0
17.9
9.3
14.1
25.0
12.6
12.5
14.9
14.0
14.1
14.8
17.9
11.5
12.1
12.1
13.0
30.8
41.9
28.2
32.4
42.3
50.0
31.5
28.1
32.5
32.6
39.7
29.6
32.1
25.0
28.4
36.3
34.8
(2)
7.0
5.1
9.7
5.1
(2)
5.4
6.3
6.7
2.3
9.0
13.0
3.6
5.2
7.1
6.6
4.3
See footnotes at end of table.
99
Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Job losers and persons who
completed temporary jobs1
Total unemployed
Population group and State
Number
(In thousands)
Percent
Total
On temporary
layoff
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
White–Continued
Nevada ...................................................................
32
100.0
50.0
12.5
15.6
28.1
6.3
New Jersey .............................................................
New Mexico ............................................................
New York ................................................................
North Carolina ........................................................
Ohio ........................................................................
Oklahoma ...............................................................
Oregon ....................................................................
Pennsylvania ..........................................................
Rhode Island ..........................................................
Tennessee ..............................................................
Texas ......................................................................
Utah ........................................................................
Washington .............................................................
West Virginia ..........................................................
Wyoming .................................................................
133
45
320
70
188
49
90
216
20
83
356
37
125
50
12
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.4
44.4
48.8
47.1
47.3
38.8
48.9
54.2
45.0
45.8
41.3
40.5
49.6
42.0
41.7
16.5
13.3
15.3
14.3
20.7
8.2
17.8
22.7
15.0
15.7
10.1
10.8
17.6
12.0
16.7
9.0
13.3
10.6
18.6
13.8
16.3
13.3
12.0
15.0
13.3
13.5
16.2
12.0
10.0
16.7
30.1
35.6
34.1
28.6
30.9
36.7
34.4
25.5
30.0
33.7
36.0
37.8
33.6
34.0
33.3
7.5
8.9
6.9
7.1
8.0
6.1
3.3
8.8
5.0
7.2
9.3
5.4
4.8
12.0
8.3
Black
Arkansas .................................................................
California ................................................................
District of Columbia ................................................
Florida .....................................................................
28
112
19
79
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.1
40.2
36.8
43.0
7.1
8.0
5.3
5.1
10.7
7.1
5.3
8.9
35.7
42.9
52.6
36.7
17.9
9.8
10.5
10.1
Georgia ...................................................................
Illinois ......................................................................
Louisiana ................................................................
Mississippi ..............................................................
101
75
63
43
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
39.6
48.0
36.5
32.6
8.9
10.7
9.5
9.3
12.9
4.0
12.7
11.6
33.7
42.7
31.7
39.5
13.9
4.0
17.5
16.3
New Jersey .............................................................
New York ................................................................
Pennsylvania ..........................................................
Texas ......................................................................
53
156
53
117
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.1
41.7
41.5
35.9
7.5
7.7
9.4
5.1
7.5
5.1
5.7
12.8
32.1
42.3
41.5
41.9
13.2
10.9
11.3
10.3
Hispanic origin
California ................................................................
Florida .....................................................................
New Mexico ............................................................
New York ................................................................
Texas ......................................................................
385
74
28
108
185
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.6
56.8
46.4
44.4
39.5
16.9
9.5
14.3
9.3
10.3
6.8
9.5
10.7
9.3
11.9
31.9
25.7
32.1
40.7
35.1
12.7
8.1
10.7
5.6
13.5
1 Formerly called "job losers".
2 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute
to displayed percentages because of rounding.
Detail for race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
population groups.
100
Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment,
1998 annual averages
Total unemployed
Population group and State
Number
(in thousands)
Percent
15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
27 weeks and over
Total
15 to 26
weeks
Total
27 to 51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
TOTAL
Alabama ...........................................
Alaska ...............................................
Arizona .............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ..........................................
Colorado ...........................................
Delaware ..........................................
District of Columbia ..........................
Florida ...............................................
91
18
94
67
969
86
15
24
310
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
40.7
50.0
52.1
35.8
40.0
55.8
46.7
25.0
43.5
34.1
33.3
29.8
35.8
29.9
26.7
33.3
29.2
31.3
25.3
22.2
19.1
26.9
30.0
18.6
20.0
41.7
25.2
14.3
11.1
8.5
17.9
13.0
7.0
6.7
16.7
12.6
11.0
11.1
10.6
10.4
17.0
11.6
13.3
25.0
12.6
5.5
5.6
4.3
6.0
6.9
5.8
6.7
12.5
6.8
5.5
5.6
6.4
4.5
10.0
5.8
6.7
16.7
5.8
Georgia .............................................
Hawaii ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
Illinois ................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Maine ................................................
169
37
33
277
54
89
118
29
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.8
27.0
45.5
39.7
53.7
47.2
43.2
37.9
30.8
35.1
33.3
32.1
29.6
27.0
33.1
31.0
25.4
37.8
18.2
28.2
16.7
24.7
23.7
27.6
13.0
13.5
12.1
12.6
7.4
9.0
7.6
13.8
12.4
24.3
6.1
15.5
7.4
15.7
16.1
17.2
7.1
8.1
3.0
6.1
3.7
6.7
5.9
6.9
4.7
16.2
3.0
9.0
3.7
9.0
10.2
10.3
Maryland ...........................................
Massachusetts ..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Mississippi ........................................
Missouri ............................................
Montana ............................................
Nevada .............................................
125
109
194
68
119
26
40
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.4
39.4
51.0
42.6
39.5
46.2
47.5
36.0
37.6
30.9
29.4
31.9
34.6
27.5
29.6
23.9
18.0
29.4
28.6
19.2
25.0
10.4
12.8
9.8
10.3
19.3
11.5
12.5
19.2
10.1
8.2
17.6
9.2
11.5
12.5
9.6
6.4
3.1
7.4
4.2
3.8
5.0
9.6
3.7
5.2
10.3
5.0
3.8
5.0
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
North Carolina ..................................
North Dakota ....................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma .........................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
Rhode Island ....................................
192
51
498
131
11
242
74
98
275
24
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
34.9
43.1
32.5
43.5
45.5
44.2
47.3
45.9
38.5
33.3
33.9
27.5
29.1
31.3
27.3
33.5
33.8
29.6
32.4
41.7
31.3
29.4
38.2
26.0
27.3
22.3
18.9
25.5
28.7
25.0
14.6
15.7
14.7
12.2
9.1
10.7
10.8
12.2
13.1
12.5
16.7
13.7
23.5
13.7
9.1
11.6
6.8
13.3
15.6
16.7
8.3
3.9
8.0
6.9
9.1
5.0
2.7
7.1
5.1
8.3
8.3
9.8
15.5
6.9
9.1
6.6
4.1
7.1
10.9
8.3
South Carolina ..................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia ....................................
Wisconsin .........................................
Wyoming ...........................................
75
116
487
40
145
53
99
12
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.7
42.2
46.8
55.0
42.1
30.2
48.5
50.0
26.7
34.5
32.0
27.5
31.7
28.3
32.3
33.3
22.7
22.4
21.1
17.5
26.2
41.5
19.2
25.0
14.7
12.9
10.3
7.5
13.1
15.1
12.1
8.3
6.7
9.5
10.9
7.5
12.4
26.4
7.1
8.3
4.0
5.2
5.3
2.5
6.2
13.2
3.0
8.3
4.0
4.3
5.5
5.0
6.2
13.2
5.1
.0
Men
Alaska ...............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ..........................................
District of Columbia ..........................
Florida ...............................................
11
35
535
10
155
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.5
34.3
37.9
30.0
45.2
27.3
37.1
30.7
30.0
30.3
18.2
28.6
31.6
40.0
24.5
9.1
17.1
13.1
20.0
13.5
9.1
11.4
18.3
30.0
11.6
9.1
2.9
7.9
10.0
6.5
9.1
5.7
10.5
10.0
4.5
Georgia .............................................
Hawaii ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
Illinois ................................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
84
19
19
147
45
58
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.0
26.3
42.1
38.8
42.2
51.7
28.6
31.6
36.8
33.3
28.9
32.8
27.4
47.4
21.1
27.2
28.9
17.2
15.5
15.8
15.8
12.2
13.3
5.2
11.9
31.6
5.3
15.0
15.6
12.1
9.5
5.3
5.3
6.1
6.7
5.2
2.4
26.3
5.3
9.5
11.1
6.9
Maryland ...........................................
Massachusetts ..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Mississippi ........................................
Montana ............................................
68
66
114
33
15
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.8
36.4
50.0
39.4
46.7
33.8
37.9
31.6
27.3
33.3
29.4
25.8
17.5
30.3
20.0
10.3
13.6
8.8
12.1
13.3
19.1
12.1
9.6
18.2
13.3
10.3
7.6
3.5
6.1
6.7
7.4
4.5
6.1
15.2
6.7
See footnotes at end of table.
101
Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Total unemployed
Population group and State
Number
(in thousands)
Percent
15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
27 weeks and over
Total
15 to 26
weeks
Total
27 to 51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
Men–Continued
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
Rhode Island ....................................
Texas ................................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia ....................................
Wyoming ...........................................
103
29
257
133
55
150
13
240
80
33
7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.0
37.9
30.7
45.9
41.8
38.0
30.8
45.0
41.3
27.3
42.9
35.9
27.6
29.2
33.1
29.1
31.3
38.5
32.5
31.3
30.3
28.6
31.1
34.5
40.5
21.8
29.1
30.7
30.8
22.5
26.3
42.4
14.3
14.6
13.8
15.2
11.3
10.9
12.0
15.4
9.6
11.3
12.1
14.3
16.5
17.2
25.3
10.5
16.4
18.7
15.4
12.9
15.0
30.3
14.3
8.7
6.9
8.9
3.0
7.3
5.3
7.7
5.8
7.5
12.1
.0
8.7
13.8
16.3
7.5
9.1
13.3
7.7
7.1
7.5
15.2
.0
Women
Alaska ...............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ..........................................
District of Columbia ..........................
Florida ...............................................
8
32
433
14
155
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.0
37.5
42.7
21.4
41.9
25.0
34.4
29.1
28.6
32.3
12.5
28.1
28.2
42.9
25.8
12.5
15.6
12.9
14.3
12.3
.0
9.4
15.2
28.6
13.5
.0
6.3
5.8
7.1
7.1
.0
3.1
9.5
14.3
7.1
Georgia .............................................
Hawaii ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
Illinois ................................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Michigan ...........................................
Mississippi ........................................
Montana ............................................
85
18
14
131
43
59
81
36
11
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.7
33.3
50.0
40.5
53.5
37.3
50.6
44.4
45.5
32.9
38.9
35.7
30.5
25.6
33.9
29.6
30.6
36.4
23.5
33.3
14.3
29.0
20.9
30.5
18.5
25.0
18.2
10.6
11.1
7.1
13.0
7.0
10.2
12.3
8.3
9.1
11.8
16.7
7.1
15.3
16.3
20.3
6.2
16.7
9.1
5.9
11.1
.0
6.9
7.0
6.8
2.5
8.3
.0
7.1
11.1
.0
9.2
9.3
13.6
3.7
8.3
9.1
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
North Carolina ..................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
Texas ................................................
West Virginia ....................................
Wyoming ...........................................
89
23
241
68
108
43
125
247
20
6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.1
47.8
34.9
44.1
43.5
48.8
39.2
48.6
35.0
50.0
32.6
26.1
29.5
29.4
34.3
30.2
33.6
31.2
25.0
16.7
31.5
26.1
36.1
26.5
23.1
20.9
26.4
19.8
40.0
16.7
14.6
17.4
14.5
11.8
10.2
11.6
14.4
10.9
15.0
16.7
15.7
8.7
21.6
14.7
12.0
9.3
12.8
8.9
20.0
16.7
7.9
4.3
7.1
8.8
6.5
4.7
4.8
4.9
15.0
.0
7.9
4.3
14.5
5.9
5.6
2.3
8.0
4.5
10.0
.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
California ..........................................
New York ..........................................
Ohio ..................................................
Texas ................................................
159
78
52
127
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.3
41.0
55.8
54.3
30.2
30.8
28.8
35.4
19.5
26.9
13.5
10.2
11.3
11.5
9.6
4.7
8.8
15.4
5.8
4.7
5.0
7.7
1.9
2.4
3.8
7.7
3.8
2.4
White
Alaska ...............................................
Arizona .............................................
Arkansas ...........................................
California ..........................................
Colorado ...........................................
District of Columbia ..........................
Florida ...............................................
Idaho .................................................
Illinois ................................................
Kansas ..............................................
Kentucky ...........................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Maine ................................................
Massachusetts ..................................
Michigan ...........................................
Missouri ............................................
Montana ............................................
Nevada .............................................
13
86
39
750
78
4
222
32
194
43
78
54
28
96
141
91
23
32
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.8
52.3
43.6
41.5
55.1
50.0
47.3
46.9
43.3
53.5
47.4
50.0
39.3
39.6
53.2
42.9
47.8
50.0
30.8
30.2
33.3
30.4
25.6
25.0
28.8
34.4
33.5
27.9
26.9
35.2
32.1
37.5
30.5
31.9
34.8
28.1
23.1
17.4
23.1
28.1
17.9
25.0
23.4
18.8
23.2
18.6
25.6
14.8
28.6
22.9
16.3
25.3
17.4
21.9
7.7
8.1
12.8
12.9
6.4
.0
12.6
12.5
11.9
9.3
10.3
7.4
14.3
12.5
9.9
16.5
8.7
12.5
7.7
9.3
7.7
15.2
12.8
25.0
10.8
6.3
11.3
9.3
15.4
9.3
14.3
10.4
6.4
8.8
4.3
9.4
7.7
3.5
5.1
5.9
5.1
.0
5.9
3.1
6.2
4.7
6.4
3.7
7.1
6.3
3.5
4.4
4.3
6.3
7.7
5.8
5.1
9.5
6.4
.0
5.0
3.1
5.7
4.7
10.3
5.6
7.1
4.2
2.8
4.4
4.3
3.1
See footnotes at end of table.
102
Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Total unemployed
Population group and State
Number
(in thousands)
Percent
15 weeks and over
Less than
5 weeks
5 to 14
weeks
27 weeks and over
Total
15 to 26
weeks
Total
27 to 51
weeks
52 weeks
and over
White–Continued
New Jersey .......................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
North Carolina ..................................
Ohio ..................................................
Oklahoma .........................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
Rhode Island ....................................
Tennessee ........................................
Texas ................................................
Utah ..................................................
Washington .......................................
West Virginia ....................................
Wyoming ...........................................
133
45
320
70
188
49
90
216
20
83
356
37
125
50
12
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.3
42.2
36.9
50.0
46.8
46.9
45.6
40.3
35.0
43.4
49.4
56.8
43.2
30.0
50.0
33.1
28.9
29.4
27.1
31.9
36.7
28.9
32.4
40.0
36.1
32.0
27.0
32.8
28.0
33.3
29.3
28.9
33.8
22.9
21.3
16.3
25.6
27.3
25.0
21.7
18.3
16.2
24.8
42.0
16.7
12.8
15.6
15.0
10.0
10.1
10.2
12.2
13.9
10.0
12.0
9.6
8.1
13.6
14.0
8.3
16.5
13.3
19.1
11.4
11.7
6.1
13.3
13.4
15.0
9.6
8.7
8.1
12.0
26.0
8.3
9.0
4.4
7.5
4.3
4.8
2.0
6.7
5.1
5.0
6.0
4.5
2.7
6.4
14.0
8.3
7.5
8.9
11.6
8.6
6.9
4.1
6.7
8.3
10.0
3.6
4.2
5.4
4.8
14.0
.0
Black
Arkansas ...........................................
California ..........................................
District of Columbia ..........................
Florida ...............................................
28
112
19
79
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
25.0
30.4
21.1
31.6
39.3
27.7
31.6
35.4
35.7
41.1
52.6
31.6
21.4
12.5
21.1
13.9
10.7
28.6
31.6
17.7
7.1
14.3
10.5
10.1
7.1
14.3
21.1
8.9
Georgia .............................................
Illinois ................................................
Louisiana ..........................................
Mississippi ........................................
101
75
63
43
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.6
32.0
36.5
37.2
33.7
29.3
31.7
30.2
28.7
37.3
30.2
32.6
13.9
14.7
7.9
9.3
13.9
24.0
22.2
23.3
7.9
6.7
7.9
9.3
5.9
17.3
14.3
14.0
New Jersey .......................................
New York ..........................................
Pennsylvania ....................................
Texas ................................................
53
156
53
117
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.4
23.1
30.2
39.3
37.7
28.8
34.0
31.6
37.7
48.1
34.0
29.1
18.9
14.7
9.4
12.0
17.0
33.3
24.5
17.9
7.5
9.6
3.8
7.7
11.3
23.7
20.8
10.3
Hispanic origin
California ..........................................
Florida ...............................................
New Mexico ......................................
New York ..........................................
Texas ................................................
385
74
28
108
185
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.3
40.5
39.3
31.5
47.6
29.1
32.4
28.6
30.6
32.4
29.4
27.0
32.1
38.0
19.5
14.0
14.9
17.9
13.9
9.7
15.3
12.2
14.3
24.1
9.7
7.3
6.8
7.1
10.2
5.4
8.1
5.4
10.7
13.9
4.3
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet
BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute
to displayed percentages because of rounding.
Detail for race and
Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black
population groups.
103
Section lll. Estimates for Metropolitan
Areas and Cities
Labor force, employment, and unemployment levels from the
CPS for metropolitan areas and cities usually shown in tables
23-27 are not provided because updated population controls are
not available. As a consequence, only rates, ratios, and percent
distributions are published and the usual table formats and sequence have been altered. Unemployment rates shown in table
23 may differ from the estimates produced through the LAUS
program.
104
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
73.6
80.9
67.0
49.2
71.2
78.4
64.8
43.7
3.2
3.1
3.3
11.2
2.7
2.4
2.5
6.9
-
3.7
3.8
4.1
15.5
White .............................................................................
73.8
72.1
2.3
1.7
-
2.9
Black ..............................................................................
73.2
69.2
5.5
4.3
-
6.7
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
67.3
73.6
61.5
51.3
63.6
69.2
58.4
41.2
5.5
6.0
4.9
19.5
4.6
4.7
3.7
13.3
-
6.4
7.3
6.1
25.7
White .............................................................................
66.3
64.2
3.2
2.4
-
4.0
Black ..............................................................................
71.2
63.2
11.4
9.2
-
13.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
65.4
75.3
56.8
63.0
72.6
54.6
3.6
3.7
3.6
2.8
2.6
2.4
-
4.4
4.8
4.8
White .............................................................................
64.6
62.1
3.8
2.9
-
4.7
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
73.6
70.0
4.7
2.2
-
7.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
69.9
76.4
63.6
52.7
67.7
73.7
62.0
47.9
3.1
3.5
2.7
9.2
2.6
2.9
2.1
5.8
-
3.6
4.1
3.3
12.6
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
70.2
55.7
68.2
51.1
2.9
8.3
2.4
4.9
-
3.4
11.7
Black ..............................................................................
65.8
61.6
6.7
3.9
-
9.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
77.1
74.3
4.8
2.3
-
7.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
64.9
70.6
59.7
62.5
67.5
58.0
3.7
4.4
3.0
2.8
3.0
1.9
-
4.6
5.8
4.1
White .............................................................................
66.1
64.1
3.1
2.2
-
4.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
71.2
77.6
65.4
68.7
75.0
62.8
3.5
3.1
3.9
2.7
2.1
2.7
-
4.3
4.1
5.1
White .............................................................................
71.6
69.7
2.6
1.8
-
3.4
Black ..............................................................................
70.1
65.7
6.2
4.2
-
8.2
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Atlanta MSA
Baltimore PMSA
Bergen-Passaic PMSA
Boston PMSA
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA
See footnotes at end of table.
105
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
68.8
77.4
60.9
49.7
65.7
73.8
58.2
43.5
4.5
4.6
4.5
12.7
4.1
4.1
3.9
10.3
-
4.9
5.1
5.1
15.1
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
70.3
54.3
67.8
48.4
3.6
10.7
3.2
8.1
-
4.0
13.3
Black ..............................................................................
62.2
56.4
9.5
8.2
-
10.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
70.7
66.4
6.1
4.9
-
7.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
70.6
76.5
65.4
68.1
73.8
63.0
3.6
3.5
3.7
2.8
2.4
2.6
-
4.4
4.6
4.8
White .............................................................................
70.2
68.2
2.9
2.1
-
3.7
Black ..............................................................................
73.0
66.7
9.2
5.9
-
12.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
65.8
73.1
59.4
55.1
63.8
70.5
57.8
49.3
3.1
3.4
2.7
9.6
2.5
2.5
1.9
5.7
-
3.7
4.3
3.5
13.5
White .............................................................................
66.7
65.0
2.5
1.9
-
3.1
Black ..............................................................................
60.7
56.7
6.2
4.0
-
8.4
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
71.8
78.7
65.5
69.1
75.2
63.5
3.8
4.4
3.2
3.0
3.2
2.1
-
4.6
5.6
4.3
White .............................................................................
72.0
69.6
3.1
2.3
-
3.9
Black ..............................................................................
71.3
66.2
7.7
4.9
-
10.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
76.1
84.6
67.7
59.0
73.0
81.7
64.4
49.8
4.0
3.4
4.8
15.3
3.5
2.8
4.0
12.5
-
4.5
4.0
5.6
18.1
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
76.6
63.0
74.1
55.6
3.3
12.1
2.8
9.2
-
3.8
15.0
Black ..............................................................................
73.3
66.8
8.9
7.3
-
10.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
79.6
76.7
3.7
2.6
-
4.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
65.3
71.4
59.4
61.9
67.6
56.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
3.9
3.5
3.4
-
6.3
6.7
6.8
White .............................................................................
65.6
63.0
4.1
2.9
-
5.3
Black ..............................................................................
61.9
55.1
11.2
7.1
-
15.3
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Chicago PMSA
Cincinnati PMSA
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA
Columbus, Ohio MSA
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA
Dayton-Springfield MSA
See footnotes at end of table.
106
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
75.2
82.3
68.6
66.9
72.8
79.7
66.2
57.6
3.3
3.1
3.4
13.8
2.8
2.4
2.6
10.1
-
3.8
3.8
4.2
17.5
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
75.8
68.6
73.5
59.8
3.1
13.5
2.6
9.5
-
3.6
17.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
74.1
71.1
4.2
2.5
-
5.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
65.8
74.9
57.3
58.1
63.3
71.8
55.1
51.2
3.9
4.0
3.8
11.9
3.4
3.4
3.1
9.1
-
4.4
4.6
4.5
14.7
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
67.4
63.1
65.4
58.1
3.0
7.9
2.5
5.2
-
3.5
10.6
Black ..............................................................................
58.9
54.1
8.2
6.7
-
9.7
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
74.2
71.0
4.3
1.6
-
7.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
71.1
79.9
63.1
68.0
76.9
60.1
4.3
3.9
4.8
3.5
2.8
3.6
-
5.1
5.0
6.0
White .............................................................................
70.1
67.6
3.5
2.7
-
4.3
Black ..............................................................................
74.5
69.6
6.9
4.9
-
8.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
73.8
70.1
4.5
2.5
-
6.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
66.3
72.4
60.7
64.5
70.2
59.3
2.5
2.8
2.2
1.7
1.6
1.1
-
3.3
4.0
3.3
White .............................................................................
67.0
65.4
2.3
1.5
-
3.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
71.4
82.2
60.6
46.8
68.3
79.1
57.6
39.1
4.3
3.8
5.0
16.5
3.7
3.1
4.1
12.7
-
4.9
4.5
5.9
20.3
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
72.4
49.0
70.1
42.4
3.1
12.5
2.5
8.1
-
3.7
16.9
Black ..............................................................................
68.8
62.2
9.4
7.6
-
11.2
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
69.3
66.3
4.3
3.1
-
5.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
70.6
81.8
61.3
68.4
79.2
59.3
3.1
3.0
3.2
2.2
1.8
1.9
-
4.0
4.2
4.5
White .............................................................................
70.9
69.0
2.6
1.7
-
3.5
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA
Detroit PMSA
Fort Lauderdale PMSA
Hartford MSA
Houston PMSA
Indianapolis MSA
See footnotes at end of table.
107
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
71.2
78.2
64.7
65.3
69.0
75.9
62.4
58.5
3.2
2.8
3.7
10.2
2.5
1.9
2.6
6.3
-
3.9
3.7
4.8
14.1
White .............................................................................
71.9
69.9
2.8
2.1
-
3.5
Black ..............................................................................
65.1
61.2
6.9
3.9
-
9.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
66.5
76.4
56.8
40.6
62.1
71.7
52.7
32.4
6.5
6.1
7.2
20.3
6.1
5.6
6.6
17.6
-
6.9
6.6
7.8
23.0
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
67.0
43.5
62.5
34.8
6.6
20.1
6.1
17.2
-
7.1
23.0
Black ..............................................................................
66.8
60.9
8.9
7.5
-
10.3
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
67.4
41.8
61.9
32.3
8.3
22.9
7.6
19.1
-
9.0
26.7
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
68.4
76.6
61.3
66.0
74.6
58.1
3.7
2.6
5.0
2.7
1.5
3.5
-
4.7
3.7
6.5
White .............................................................................
69.4
67.3
3.1
2.2
-
4.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
70.4
77.0
65.1
67.2
73.7
62.0
4.5
4.3
4.6
3.3
2.7
3.0
-
5.7
5.9
6.2
White .............................................................................
66.6
65.2
2.2
1.1
-
3.3
Black ..............................................................................
74.6
69.6
6.8
4.8
-
8.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
64.2
74.2
55.3
36.0
60.1
70.4
50.9
28.1
6.4
5.2
7.9
20.6
5.5
4.1
6.5
14.5
-
7.3
6.3
9.3
26.7
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
63.6
42.2
59.9
33.7
5.9
20.2
5.0
13.9
-
6.8
26.5
Black ..............................................................................
67.2
61.6
8.7
6.4
-
11.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
64.4
60.3
6.3
5.2
-
7.4
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
75.6
80.9
70.7
73.0
78.4
68.0
3.3
3.0
3.7
2.5
2.0
2.5
-
4.1
4.0
4.9
White .............................................................................
76.9
75.2
2.2
1.5
-
2.9
Black ..............................................................................
66.9
57.1
13.6
9.6
-
17.6
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Kansas City MSA
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA
Louisville MSA
Memphis MSA
Miami PMSA
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA
See footnotes at end of table.
108
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
77.9
83.3
72.6
76.3
81.5
71.2
2.1
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.3
-
2.5
2.8
2.5
White .............................................................................
78.3
76.9
1.9
1.5
-
2.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
68.0
77.4
59.4
66.2
75.4
57.8
2.7
2.6
2.8
2.2
1.9
2.0
-
3.2
3.3
3.6
White .............................................................................
67.8
66.1
2.5
2.0
-
3.0
Black ..............................................................................
72.3
68.9
4.8
2.2
-
7.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
75.3
72.7
3.5
1.6
-
5.4
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
63.9
70.6
57.9
60.6
67.5
54.5
5.1
4.5
5.7
4.1
3.2
4.2
-
6.1
5.8
7.2
White .............................................................................
62.5
60.5
3.1
2.1
-
4.1
Black ..............................................................................
66.5
60.7
8.7
6.7
-
10.7
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
60.2
69.4
52.1
27.5
55.7
64.6
47.9
20.3
7.4
6.8
8.1
26.6
7.0
6.2
7.5
24.1
-
7.8
7.4
8.7
29.1
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
59.6
27.0
56.0
21.1
6.0
22.4
5.5
18.7
-
6.5
26.1
Black ..............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
59.9
29.7
52.5
19.2
12.3
35.0
11.3
31.5
-
13.3
38.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
57.8
28.2
52.2
20.9
9.7
24.9
8.7
19.1
-
10.7
30.7
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
68.4
75.6
61.8
50.4
65.1
71.8
59.0
42.4
4.7
5.0
4.4
16.2
4.0
4.0
3.4
11.4
-
5.4
6.0
5.4
21.0
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
69.1
50.0
66.9
44.7
3.2
10.7
2.5
5.4
-
3.9
16.0
Black ..............................................................................
65.6
59.6
8.8
7.1
-
10.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
73.0
68.2
6.1
3.7
-
8.5
67.4
76.2
60.3
64.3
73.4
56.9
4.6
3.6
5.6
3.5
2.3
3.9
-
5.7
4.9
7.3
Area and population group
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA
New Orleans MSA
New York PMSA
Newark PMSA
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
109
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
White .............................................................................
69.8
68.3
2.2
1.3
-
3.1
Black ..............................................................................
60.4
54.5
10.0
7.2
-
12.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
69.1
77.4
61.6
66.1
74.5
58.7
4.3
3.8
4.8
3.4
2.7
3.5
-
5.2
4.9
6.1
White .............................................................................
68.1
65.1
4.3
3.3
-
5.3
Black ..............................................................................
70.3
66.1
5.9
3.1
-
8.7
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
72.5
66.7
8.9
5.0
-
12.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
70.1
77.8
63.3
67.3
74.9
60.7
4.0
3.9
4.2
3.2
2.8
3.0
-
4.8
5.0
5.4
White .............................................................................
70.5
68.2
3.3
2.5
-
4.1
Black ..............................................................................
67.4
63.2
6.4
3.5
-
9.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
71.7
79.8
63.1
68.9
76.4
61.0
3.8
4.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
2.3
-
4.5
5.3
4.3
White .............................................................................
72.6
69.8
3.8
3.0
-
4.6
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
74.1
69.7
6.2
4.4
-
8.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
64.9
72.2
58.5
44.6
61.7
68.6
55.6
37.3
5.0
4.9
5.0
16.3
4.5
4.2
4.3
12.8
-
5.5
5.6
5.7
19.8
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
66.6
46.7
64.1
41.0
3.7
12.8
3.2
9.2
-
4.2
16.4
Black ..............................................................................
57.4
50.7
11.7
9.9
-
13.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
60.6
54.0
11.3
7.3
-
15.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
67.0
75.2
59.0
56.4
64.6
72.5
57.0
47.7
3.5
3.6
3.5
15.2
2.9
2.9
2.7
11.6
-
4.1
4.3
4.3
18.8
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
66.7
58.2
64.4
49.0
3.5
15.5
2.9
11.8
-
4.1
19.2
Black ..............................................................................
67.1
63.5
5.3
2.1
-
8.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
69.3
65.6
5.6
4.1
-
7.1
Area and population group
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News
MSA–Continued
Oakland PMSA
Oklahoma City MSA
Orange County PMSA
Philadelphia PMSA
Phoenix-Mesa MSA
See footnotes at end of table.
110
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
61.9
71.2
54.0
47.3
59.3
67.8
52.0
40.2
4.2
4.8
3.5
14.3
3.5
3.8
2.6
9.1
-
4.9
5.8
4.4
19.5
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
61.9
51.0
59.4
44.0
3.9
13.7
3.2
8.3
-
4.6
19.1
Black ..............................................................................
61.5
56.2
9.4
5.3
-
13.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
71.7
80.7
63.0
62.0
68.1
76.3
60.1
52.0
5.1
5.4
4.6
14.9
4.3
4.3
3.5
9.9
-
5.9
6.5
5.7
19.9
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
71.9
63.4
68.3
53.7
5.0
16.1
4.2
10.5
-
5.8
21.7
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
83.1
77.5
6.2
2.9
-
9.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
67.3
74.4
61.0
64.4
63.8
70.5
57.9
50.8
5.2
5.4
4.9
20.1
4.5
4.4
3.9
16.0
-
5.9
6.4
5.9
24.2
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
67.1
66.0
64.0
54.7
4.6
17.1
3.9
12.8
-
5.3
21.4
Black ..............................................................................
75.8
63.6
15.4
10.5
-
20.3
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
74.4
67.4
8.6
5.1
-
12.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
62.5
72.4
53.1
42.3
58.1
67.2
49.4
34.4
7.1
7.2
7.1
19.4
6.1
5.8
5.6
13.7
-
8.1
8.6
8.6
25.1
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
62.1
45.1
58.0
36.4
6.6
18.7
5.5
12.8
-
7.7
24.6
Black ..............................................................................
59.3
52.3
11.2
7.4
-
15.0
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
65.3
60.0
8.1
6.1
-
10.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
68.4
74.6
62.8
60.3
65.2
71.5
59.6
51.5
4.7
4.2
5.2
14.8
3.7
2.8
3.7
9.3
-
5.7
5.6
6.7
20.3
White .............................................................................
69.0
66.2
4.0
3.0
-
5.0
Black ..............................................................................
64.8
58.2
10.7
6.3
-
15.1
62.9
68.2
58.2
59.1
63.3
55.0
6.1
7.0
5.2
4.9
5.3
3.6
-
7.3
8.7
6.8
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Pittsburgh MSA
Portland-Vancouver PMSA
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA
Rochester MSA
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
111
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
48.2
37.5
21.4
13.8
-
29.0
White .............................................................................
65.2
62.0
4.8
3.7
-
5.9
Black ..............................................................................
60.5
48.1
20.1
12.6
-
27.6
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
67.1
59.5
11.5
7.2
-
15.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
68.7
75.1
62.8
61.1
65.4
71.0
60.4
53.3
4.7
5.4
3.9
12.7
3.9
4.3
2.9
8.7
-
5.5
6.5
4.9
16.7
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
69.0
67.2
66.6
60.4
3.4
10.4
2.7
6.3
-
4.1
14.5
Black ..............................................................................
65.8
58.1
11.9
9.1
-
14.7
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
74.0
82.4
66.3
69.8
71.0
79.2
63.6
60.4
3.9
3.8
4.0
12.3
3.3
3.1
3.2
9.6
-
4.5
4.5
4.8
15.0
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
73.7
70.3
71.0
61.4
3.8
12.2
3.2
9.5
-
4.4
14.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
75.8
71.2
5.6
3.3
-
7.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
68.3
76.6
61.0
53.2
64.5
73.2
56.9
40.4
5.5
4.3
6.7
25.4
4.4
3.0
5.1
21.1
-
6.6
5.6
8.3
29.7
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
67.5
51.0
64.1
38.5
5.1
24.8
4.0
19.8
-
6.2
29.8
Black ..............................................................................
75.3
67.5
9.9
5.4
-
14.4
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
66.0
61.6
6.5
4.9
-
8.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
67.1
73.5
60.9
42.2
63.3
69.2
57.8
35.4
5.7
5.9
5.3
16.3
4.8
4.6
4.0
10.3
-
6.6
7.2
6.6
22.3
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
67.0
47.2
63.9
40.0
4.7
15.4
3.8
9.0
-
5.6
21.8
Black ..............................................................................
75.8
62.6
16.9
11.2
-
22.6
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
67.1
63.0
6.1
4.1
-
8.1
73.2
79.2
67.3
70.7
76.2
65.3
3.4
3.8
3.0
2.6
2.6
1.9
-
4.2
5.0
4.1
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA–Continued
St. Louis MSA2
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA
San Antonio MSA
San Diego MSA
San Francisco PMSA
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
112
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
White .............................................................................
74.6
72.3
2.9
2.0
-
3.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
78.0
74.0
5.1
2.6
-
7.6
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
69.5
78.5
60.4
66.8
74.9
58.4
4.0
4.5
3.2
3.1
3.2
2.0
-
4.9
5.8
4.4
White .............................................................................
70.3
67.4
4.1
3.1
-
5.1
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
70.5
65.6
6.9
4.5
-
9.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
73.7
81.0
66.7
71.1
78.2
64.0
3.6
3.3
3.9
2.9
2.4
2.8
-
4.3
4.2
5.0
White .............................................................................
73.7
71.3
3.3
2.6
-
4.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
60.1
66.0
54.8
63.6
57.3
62.9
52.2
57.3
4.8
4.8
4.7
10.5
4.1
3.8
3.6
6.4
-
5.5
5.8
5.8
14.6
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
58.1
65.6
55.7
59.4
4.0
9.3
3.3
5.4
-
4.7
13.2
Black ..............................................................................
75.3
67.6
10.0
7.2
-
12.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
61.8
58.9
4.7
2.6
-
6.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
72.3
79.0
65.8
48.9
69.8
76.6
63.3
42.9
3.5
3.2
3.8
12.1
3.0
2.6
3.1
8.5
-
4.0
3.8
4.5
15.7
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
72.7
52.3
70.7
49.0
2.7
6.9
2.2
3.1
-
3.2
10.7
Black ..............................................................................
71.6
67.5
5.7
4.5
-
6.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
77.7
73.9
5.2
3.2
-
7.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
61.0
65.9
56.2
53.7
56.2
51.2
12.3
14.8
9.3
9.8
11.2
6.1
-
14.8
18.4
12.5
White .............................................................................
53.0
51.2
3.5
.7
-
6.3
Black ..............................................................................
65.2
54.7
16.0
12.8
-
19.2
64.0
71.3
57.5
59.4
66.0
53.4
7.2
7.3
6.9
6.4
6.3
5.8
-
8.0
8.3
8.0
Area and population group
Rate
Error range of
rate1
San Francisco PMSA–Continued
San Jose PMSA
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA
Washington D.C. PMSA
Baltimore central city
Chicago central city
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
113
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
37.9
29.8
20.5
15.7
-
25.3
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
68.0
42.9
64.5
34.5
5.2
19.5
4.4
13.5
-
6.0
25.5
Black ..............................................................................
56.7
50.6
10.7
9.2
-
12.2
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
66.2
41.1
60.6
30.4
8.3
24.1
6.6
14.9
-
10.0
33.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
58.5
64.1
54.1
54.8
59.3
51.4
6.5
7.5
5.5
4.4
4.3
2.9
-
8.6
10.7
8.1
White .............................................................................
59.9
57.6
4.3
1.8
-
6.8
Black ..............................................................................
56.7
52.0
9.3
5.8
-
12.8
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
74.7
83.1
66.3
71.7
81.3
62.4
4.0
2.3
6.2
3.0
1.3
4.4
-
5.0
3.3
8.0
White .............................................................................
75.1
72.9
3.0
2.0
-
4.0
Black ..............................................................................
72.9
67.6
7.1
4.7
-
9.5
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
80.2
77.8
3.3
1.6
-
5.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
56.4
60.4
52.8
51.9
55.3
49.2
7.8
8.4
7.2
6.2
6.1
5.1
-
9.4
10.7
9.3
White .............................................................................
57.4
53.7
5.7
2.6
-
8.8
Black ..............................................................................
56.1
51.5
8.2
6.5
-
9.9
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
64.5
68.4
61.2
39.1
58.9
63.2
54.9
26.1
8.8
7.6
10.0
37.3
8.0
6.5
8.8
31.4
-
9.6
8.7
11.2
43.2
White .............................................................................
76.8
73.9
3.6
2.7
-
4.5
Black ..............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
57.9
35.0
50.8
20.0
12.6
40.0
11.3
34.7
-
13.9
45.3
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
76.2
76.2
4.2
2.3
-
6.1
69.9
81.7
58.8
50.0
65.4
77.1
54.3
39.6
6.5
5.6
7.6
21.4
5.5
4.3
6.0
15.9
-
7.5
6.9
9.2
26.9
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Chicago central city–Continued
Cleveland central city
Dallas central city
Detroit central city
District of Columbia
Houston central city
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
114
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
White .............................................................................
72.4
69.3
4.3
3.2
-
5.4
Black ..............................................................................
65.5
57.9
11.5
9.2
-
13.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
68.3
64.3
5.9
4.1
-
7.7
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
69.0
78.2
61.6
66.2
75.0
59.4
4.0
4.2
3.8
2.6
2.2
1.9
-
5.4
6.2
5.7
White .............................................................................
68.5
66.4
3.0
1.6
-
4.4
Black ..............................................................................
70.7
64.7
8.2
4.4
-
12.0
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
67.0
77.6
56.1
36.7
61.9
72.2
51.2
29.3
7.6
6.9
8.6
20.7
6.9
6.0
7.4
15.7
-
8.3
7.8
9.8
25.7
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
67.1
36.1
62.0
28.3
7.6
21.0
6.8
15.6
-
8.4
26.4
Black ..............................................................................
67.4
60.1
10.4
8.0
-
12.8
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
66.9
34.7
61.0
26.5
9.0
23.7
7.9
17.0
-
10.1
30.4
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
69.8
71.9
68.4
64.9
66.7
63.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
5.1
4.3
4.3
-
8.9
9.7
9.7
White .............................................................................
72.2
69.6
3.5
1.8
-
5.2
Black ..............................................................................
66.4
57.0
14.3
10.1
-
18.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
58.9
68.1
50.8
27.2
54.2
63.1
46.2
19.9
8.0
7.2
8.9
27.0
7.5
6.6
8.2
24.4
-
8.5
7.8
9.6
29.6
White .............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
57.6
25.8
53.8
20.4
6.6
22.3
6.0
18.3
-
7.2
26.3
Black ..............................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
59.4
30.2
51.9
19.5
12.7
35.3
11.7
31.7
-
13.7
38.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ...........................................
56.8
28.6
51.1
21.4
10.1
25.1
9.1
19.3
-
11.1
30.9
Area and population group
Rate
Error range of
rate1
Houston central city–Continued
Indianapolis central city
Los Angeles central city
Milwaukee central city
New York central city
See footnotes at end of table.
115
Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates,
employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin,
1998 annual averages — Continued
Unemployment
Civilian labor
force
participation rate
Employmentpopulation
ratio
Rate
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
57.3
64.9
51.5
36.1
52.5
59.4
47.1
27.7
8.4
8.2
8.6
21.6
7.1
6.4
6.8
13.1
-
9.7
10.0
10.4
30.1
White .............................................................................
61.2
58.2
4.9
3.6
-
6.2
Black ..............................................................................
52.8
45.7
13.6
11.1
-
16.1
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
49.0
42.9
13.1
5.0
-
21.2
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................
69.0
78.0
60.8
47.1
65.8
74.3
58.0
37.6
4.6
4.6
4.5
19.4
3.7
3.4
3.2
13.8
-
5.5
5.8
5.8
25.0
White .............................................................................
69.3
66.1
4.6
3.6
-
5.6
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
65.5
61.1
6.6
4.7
-
8.5
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
68.1
76.5
59.7
62.0
68.2
56.2
9.1
11.2
6.6
6.3
7.0
3.1
-
11.9
15.4
10.1
White .............................................................................
73.8
70.6
4.7
1.5
-
7.9
Black ..............................................................................
61.0
52.2
14.5
9.7
-
19.3
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
67.4
77.1
59.2
63.5
73.4
55.2
5.8
4.9
6.8
4.5
3.2
4.8
-
7.1
6.6
8.8
White .............................................................................
66.6
63.1
5.4
4.0
-
6.8
Black ..............................................................................
73.7
66.7
11.0
5.7
-
16.3
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
64.8
60.8
6.4
4.7
-
8.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
67.3
71.7
63.2
63.9
68.3
59.9
5.1
4.8
5.4
3.9
3.2
3.6
-
6.3
6.4
7.2
White .............................................................................
68.0
65.5
3.7
2.5
-
4.9
Hispanic origin ...............................................................
67.5
63.2
6.3
3.5
-
9.1
Total ................................................................................
Men ................................................................................
Women ..........................................................................
72.6
77.8
67.6
70.0
74.3
65.9
3.6
4.7
2.5
2.4
2.8
1.1
-
4.8
6.6
3.9
White .............................................................................
74.8
71.8
3.8
2.3
-
5.3
Area and population group
Error range of
rate1
Philadelphia central city
Phoenix central city
St. Louis central city
San Antonio central city
San Diego central city
San Francisco central city
1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence
interval, which means that if repeated samples were drawn
from the same population and an error range constructed
around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true
value based on a complete census of the population would be
contained within these error ranges.
2 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management
and Budget definition. See appendix C.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when
they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the
particular area based on the sample in that area. See
appendix B.
116
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
TOTAL
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ......................................
Baltimore PMSA ...............................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .....................
Boston PMSA ...................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ...............
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ...
Chicago PMSA .................................
Cincinnati PMSA ...............................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .........
Columbus, Ohio MSA .......................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ..................
Dayton-Springfield MSA ...................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .......
Detroit PMSA ....................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .....................
Hartford MSA ....................................
Houston PMSA .................................
Indianapolis MSA ..............................
Kansas City MSA ..............................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ......
Louisville MSA ..................................
Memphis MSA ..................................
Miami PMSA .....................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ......................
New Orleans MSA ............................
New York PMSA ...............................
Newark PMSA ..................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News MSA ..................................
Oakland PMSA .................................
Oklahoma City MSA .........................
Orange County PMSA ......................
Philadelphia PMSA ...........................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ..........................
Pittsburgh MSA .................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA ...............
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .....
Rochester MSA ................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ..................
St. Louis MSA2 .................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ...............
San Antonio MSA .............................
San Diego MSA ................................
San Francisco PMSA .......................
San Jose PMSA ...............................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
MSA ............................................
Washington D.C. PMSA ...................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
19.4
16.5
16.8
18.8
13.1
17.3
16.9
15.9
14.7
14.6
16.5
13.9
18.8
14.8
15.7
15.4
15.2
18.6
15.4
15.3
14.9
15.9
13.2
15.2
20.1
16.9
13.5
15.5
15.7
15.0
20.7
15.6
20.3
15.7
12.1
16.8
15.8
14.1
17.5
14.9
15.2
20.9
15.0
13.5
15.6
17.6
17.5
15.7
15.0
16.2
10.5
12.5
15.5
18.0
15.8
15.7
17.3
16.1
2.7
4.6
2.9
3.4
3.9
3.6
2.8
4.0
3.4
3.1
3.5
2.8
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.4
2.9
3.8
2.5
3.1
4.2
3.6
2.9
3.6
2.8
3.7
3.1
3.2
13.3
11.1
14.4
11.7
14.3
14.0
12.7
10.5
13.2
11.1
12.4
12.0
12.9
12.2
13.3
11.7
13.0
13.3
13.9
11.1
10.3
12.9
13.9
10.8
12.0
13.1
11.8
11.7
13.2
15.2
13.9
16.8
13.2
15.6
13.9
15.3
16.1
14.2
15.5
15.6
12.6
14.0
14.3
14.6
15.8
12.9
13.8
16.1
14.4
16.2
17.3
15.9
17.4
14.4
16.7
15.5
15.2
16.2
10.0
12.5
10.1
13.5
14.8
9.2
11.2
11.6
14.5
13.4
11.8
13.3
9.3
12.8
16.8
12.0
11.9
11.4
10.9
14.1
12.8
14.8
15.7
10.1
11.5
13.0
17.1
18.1
15.7
10.4
9.9
10.2
9.8
8.6
10.6
9.7
10.4
11.3
9.5
11.6
11.7
10.0
11.4
12.5
12.0
12.2
9.3
10.2
10.0
11.5
10.1
9.0
11.9
9.2
11.6
7.8
7.0
7.4
5.0
3.6
6.1
3.1
6.3
9.1
5.9
6.6
5.5
4.2
5.4
9.6
2.6
6.9
2.7
5.7
4.8
5.2
5.1
7.6
6.1
5.0
3.6
6.2
4.7
2.9
3.1
4.0
4.7
4.2
2.9
3.1
2.4
3.2
4.5
3.9
4.6
3.6
5.2
3.7
3.5
3.1
4.1
3.2
2.7
4.0
2.4
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.6
5.0
4.1
2.9
3.4
5.3
4.0
3.5
4.2
2.8
3.7
2.9
3.6
4.3
3.9
4.0
3.5
3.8
3.6
4.1
3.5
4.1
2.8
4.1
3.9
4.5
4.5
4.4
3.6
3.5
5.1
5.1
2.8
2.7
5.0
3.6
3.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.6
19.8
15.0
17.0
16.4
16.1
15.2
15.5
12.8
13.4
14.4
16.7
15.3
14.6
11.8
15.5
20.3
16.9
20.7
17.5
18.6
18.1
17.2
19.0
14.3
17.2
15.0
14.4
12.3
16.6
17.3
15.9
15.3
14.0
16.3
20.2
23.3
19.9
4.2
4.7
4.3
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.6
2.5
3.5
2.9
3.1
3.9
3.2
3.7
2.7
3.8
3.2
5.6
3.6
12.7
13.3
12.3
14.7
13.3
12.5
12.4
12.7
12.8
12.9
12.3
13.3
13.4
14.0
12.2
12.5
13.7
9.0
11.4
14.4
14.7
15.7
12.3
15.3
14.6
15.0
14.8
13.5
14.0
12.5
15.5
14.6
17.1
16.0
14.0
12.2
13.0
12.4
13.4
11.3
12.1
11.4
12.2
13.6
14.5
13.3
14.1
13.8
14.7
13.6
11.9
11.0
17.8
15.6
11.5
9.6
11.1
11.6
9.6
9.3
11.0
8.5
11.8
10.0
10.8
11.5
13.7
9.8
9.2
10.9
10.7
11.6
9.7
8.5
10.5
9.4
3.2
2.1
5.0
5.9
3.5
4.7
3.7
5.8
9.1
4.7
8.7
2.2
5.5
4.7
3.3
3.8
3.8
5.4
3.7
2.9
2.5
3.2
2.6
3.3
2.5
4.5
3.4
2.9
5.5
3.7
3.5
4.4
3.1
4.2
2.8
2.7
2.0
3.6
3.2
2.6
4.1
3.2
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.9
3.8
4.8
2.8
3.1
3.3
4.4
4.0
3.6
3.0
2.8
3.1
100.0
100.0
13.3
22.8
13.4
23.2
3.8
3.5
14.9
9.7
15.0
13.6
15.1
12.4
11.1
7.8
4.4
1.3
2.9
2.6
3.9
1.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.4
13.8
7.2
14.7
14.8
16.5
8.3
16.8
4.7
2.7
1.7
2.4
8.7
11.2
12.2
11.3
15.9
15.5
13.8
15.5
21.3
14.5
27.1
13.4
9.4
8.1
11.0
10.5
4.0
6.8
7.7
7.3
2.9
4.6
6.6
2.6
4.7
5.4
3.3
4.7
Cities:
Baltimore central city ........................
Chicago central city ..........................
Cleveland central city .......................
Dallas central city .............................
See footnotes at end of table.
117
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
TOTAL–Continued
Cities:–Continued
Detroit central city .............................
District of Columbia ..........................
Houston central city ..........................
Indianapolis central city ....................
Los Angeles central city ....................
Milwaukee central city ......................
New York central city ........................
Philadelphia central city ....................
Phoenix central city ..........................
St. Louis central city .........................
San Antonio central city ....................
San Diego central city .......................
San Francisco central city ................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.0
20.5
12.5
16.7
14.4
11.3
14.5
10.8
13.6
15.8
10.5
15.3
20.0
9.1
25.8
15.9
15.3
14.6
15.5
16.4
17.3
12.2
19.9
14.0
19.6
16.5
3.8
4.5
3.0
3.2
2.0
1.3
3.1
2.7
3.0
1.8
2.6
4.6
3.5
10.9
7.8
13.8
12.1
10.2
7.9
11.4
11.3
10.1
8.8
13.0
12.3
12.3
16.2
15.2
13.4
16.1
13.7
18.0
15.3
18.5
14.7
14.6
14.8
13.4
12.8
21.5
16.4
14.6
14.8
16.3
18.0
19.4
18.3
14.8
11.1
20.0
16.4
15.0
8.0
3.3
11.5
7.5
10.1
10.5
7.0
8.5
14.4
7.0
11.5
8.1
7.0
10.6
1.2
5.3
4.6
8.0
6.7
4.4
4.1
6.6
9.4
3.2
3.0
5.3
5.6
2.9
4.5
1.9
3.5
4.6
4.2
4.1
3.5
4.1
4.7
2.7
2.9
5.9
2.0
4.5
6.5
4.8
5.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
7.0
3.6
3.3
3.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.1
17.8
17.8
19.2
14.4
19.5
17.4
16.7
14.8
16.0
16.9
16.3
17.5
15.3
16.5
16.2
14.5
21.5
14.9
15.1
17.1
17.5
13.4
15.8
19.0
19.7
14.1
16.3
19.4
13.9
17.6
13.6
19.0
13.0
8.9
15.4
12.8
12.1
15.3
13.9
12.6
21.4
14.2
11.2
14.8
16.1
15.9
15.4
14.0
15.7
8.4
11.8
12.7
16.5
11.8
17.6
14.3
14.6
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.9
3.4
2.6
3.2
2.6
2.4
3.6
2.8
2.8
3.0
2.4
2.8
3.5
1.8
3.4
2.0
2.0
3.4
3.1
2.4
4.3
2.7
3.5
2.8
2.6
13.3
12.1
16.7
11.0
13.7
14.1
12.6
10.1
12.4
10.2
11.3
10.2
12.7
10.4
13.6
10.0
11.9
12.4
14.5
10.8
8.0
12.2
13.2
9.3
12.6
13.3
7.9
12.2
11.7
4.9
5.1
7.1
6.0
6.7
5.5
6.1
7.6
6.9
7.5
7.1
4.5
7.1
5.2
4.2
6.6
4.5
6.1
7.1
7.7
7.4
5.3
8.2
5.7
6.9
6.5
4.7
8.5
6.6
6.6
10.4
7.6
11.7
11.9
5.7
8.9
8.1
10.0
10.4
9.9
9.8
6.5
10.2
15.2
9.3
8.5
8.1
8.7
11.1
10.4
12.9
11.8
8.1
8.0
12.0
13.2
16.9
12.6
18.2
17.8
17.0
16.7
15.1
18.7
16.1
19.0
19.7
16.0
18.7
20.3
16.8
19.4
21.3
21.4
20.4
15.9
17.2
15.8
19.4
19.4
15.0
20.8
15.7
20.1
13.8
12.1
13.2
5.7
4.1
5.7
3.0
7.7
8.6
7.4
8.4
7.3
5.3
5.7
10.6
3.2
8.3
3.1
6.9
7.0
6.8
5.7
8.1
7.0
5.3
3.8
8.9
6.6
3.2
4.4
3.6
6.0
6.6
5.1
5.1
4.1
6.0
7.5
6.4
7.9
6.0
9.2
6.0
6.1
5.0
6.3
5.5
4.5
6.5
3.8
6.1
6.2
6.7
8.4
8.2
7.4
4.9
5.1
9.4
6.9
6.2
6.4
4.9
5.4
4.7
6.0
6.3
5.7
5.4
4.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.4
6.0
4.2
5.9
5.7
6.3
6.1
6.3
4.3
5.7
8.3
7.2
4.0
4.2
8.5
5.7
5.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.4
19.9
16.4
17.0
17.4
17.1
16.7
16.2
14.1
12.4
16.6
18.2
16.8
17.1
16.4
13.6
16.8
15.3
13.4
9.1
4.4
4.4
3.6
3.1
3.6
3.0
3.1
2.2
2.5
2.8
9.4
11.3
12.5
14.9
13.1
10.9
11.4
10.8
10.9
10.4
6.6
7.3
5.7
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.8
7.0
5.6
6.3
11.4
9.2
8.9
8.4
10.5
10.8
9.9
8.8
10.9
11.8
21.3
16.9
15.7
16.7
15.7
19.5
17.3
17.6
20.1
23.7
3.6
3.1
6.8
5.6
4.1
5.3
4.9
8.1
10.2
5.1
4.2
4.4
5.7
4.6
5.6
4.0
7.7
5.7
4.9
8.8
5.5
4.0
6.4
5.1
5.6
5.3
4.8
5.7
5.3
6.6
Men
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ......................................
Baltimore PMSA ...............................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .....................
Boston PMSA ...................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ...............
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ...
Chicago PMSA .................................
Cincinnati PMSA ...............................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .........
Columbus, Ohio MSA .......................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ..................
Dayton-Springfield MSA ...................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .......
Detroit PMSA ....................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .....................
Hartford MSA ....................................
Houston PMSA .................................
Indianapolis MSA ..............................
Kansas City MSA ..............................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ......
Louisville MSA ..................................
Memphis MSA ..................................
Miami PMSA .....................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ......................
New Orleans MSA ............................
New York PMSA ...............................
Newark PMSA ..................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News MSA ..................................
Oakland PMSA .................................
Oklahoma City MSA .........................
Orange County PMSA ......................
Philadelphia PMSA ...........................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ..........................
Pittsburgh MSA .................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA ...............
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .....
See footnotes at end of table.
118
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
Men–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Rochester MSA ................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ..................
St. Louis MSA2 .................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ...............
San Antonio MSA .............................
San Diego MSA ................................
San Francisco PMSA .......................
San Jose PMSA ...............................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
MSA ............................................
Washington D.C. PMSA ...................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.2
16.7
15.6
14.7
12.4
15.5
18.6
18.4
21.0
16.5
17.2
11.4
13.9
11.9
14.1
18.8
24.1
19.3
2.5
3.4
2.9
4.0
2.6
4.5
3.1
5.5
2.8
9.7
13.3
11.6
14.5
11.1
11.9
14.8
8.3
11.3
5.4
5.4
6.6
7.0
6.7
5.8
6.9
6.0
5.3
11.8
11.6
10.1
8.6
13.7
13.2
9.3
7.9
8.0
16.5
15.3
19.2
18.2
20.9
16.7
15.1
14.8
15.5
8.6
2.7
7.4
4.8
3.6
4.0
3.3
4.5
5.3
6.1
6.7
7.7
5.4
7.8
4.6
5.1
2.8
5.3
3.6
5.4
5.4
6.7
6.5
5.7
4.4
4.7
4.2
100.0
100.0
15.6
23.6
11.2
22.2
2.7
3.8
13.0
9.7
5.2
5.2
13.1
11.2
19.0
13.9
5.9
1.6
5.0
4.4
5.7
2.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.8
11.8
5.8
15.9
6.2
20.0
10.6
18.8
14.3
9.6
15.0
10.2
13.1
14.4
10.4
14.9
19.3
9.7
15.4
5.8
17.0
8.0
25.0
15.9
13.4
13.3
9.6
13.1
14.1
11.9
13.3
11.5
18.3
16.1
3.4
2.1
1.2
2.3
3.1
4.2
2.4
1.1
1.4
.9
2.8
2.5
2.9
2.2
1.9
5.8
3.5
9.7
10.7
8.1
8.1
4.9
7.5
13.6
11.3
9.9
5.3
11.8
9.2
8.7
6.7
10.8
12.5
13.0
4.8
7.2
4.7
8.4
6.8
8.3
4.1
8.6
8.5
7.9
9.0
11.3
4.7
8.9
6.2
5.8
6.3
22.8
13.4
23.3
12.7
17.9
17.5
10.8
13.4
12.3
17.5
18.5
18.0
10.8
16.7
16.5
14.0
15.0
15.9
13.8
20.9
17.0
16.0
5.8
19.1
13.4
15.6
21.1
11.9
16.5
24.1
12.2
20.4
13.7
11.8
4.8
8.5
10.5
6.1
14.2
1.7
7.7
6.5
7.9
11.4
3.9
3.5
6.7
10.0
3.8
2.1
3.9
5.5
8.0
11.6
4.0
11.1
5.8
7.5
2.7
5.6
7.9
7.4
7.4
5.8
5.6
8.8
4.6
5.5
8.3
8.2
4.7
7.2
10.5
3.3
7.1
9.7
6.9
8.8
6.2
6.7
5.8
10.0
6.2
5.5
5.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.6
15.2
15.6
18.4
11.3
15.2
16.3
15.0
14.5
13.2
16.0
11.3
20.1
14.1
14.7
14.6
16.4
15.4
16.0
15.4
12.1
16.1
23.9
17.5
21.7
18.5
15.5
18.4
18.8
16.4
20.0
16.1
18.8
20.3
16.1
16.0
16.5
19.5
19.3
16.0
16.3
17.1
2.8
6.8
2.6
3.2
4.4
3.7
3.1
4.8
4.2
3.8
3.4
2.8
4.9
4.3
4.6
4.5
3.2
4.2
4.3
3.2
4.3
13.3
10.1
11.6
12.5
14.5
13.9
12.9
10.7
14.1
12.2
13.8
14.1
13.2
14.3
12.9
13.1
14.3
14.3
13.3
11.7
12.8
26.5
23.4
28.1
21.6
24.7
23.2
26.1
24.9
22.0
24.3
26.0
21.6
22.0
25.6
26.6
25.8
24.2
22.4
26.4
23.3
26.5
13.8
14.9
12.9
15.6
17.8
13.0
13.9
15.2
19.4
16.8
14.0
17.4
12.4
16.1
18.8
15.0
16.5
15.1
13.5
18.2
15.6
1.8
1.5
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.9
2.2
1.5
2.3
2.2
2.8
1.9
2.2
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.1
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.3
4.2
2.8
6.6
3.2
4.7
9.6
4.0
4.8
3.5
3.0
5.0
8.5
1.9
5.2
2.3
4.5
1.8
3.4
4.5
7.0
4.7
1.5
.7
.3
.5
.4
1.2
.8
1.3
1.2
.8
.9
.9
1.1
1.1
.5
.7
.6
.6
1.1
.8
1.2
1.8
.5
2.0
1.0
1.1
2.2
1.7
2.5
2.1
2.2
1.7
2.3
1.3
1.5
1.3
2.2
1.4
2.8
2.7
1.7
2.7
Cities:
Baltimore central city ........................
Chicago central city ..........................
Cleveland central city .......................
Dallas central city .............................
Detroit central city .............................
District of Columbia ..........................
Houston central city ..........................
Indianapolis central city ....................
Los Angeles central city ....................
Milwaukee central city ......................
New York central city ........................
Philadelphia central city ....................
Phoenix central city ..........................
St. Louis central city .........................
San Antonio central city ....................
San Diego central city .......................
San Francisco central city ................
Women
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ......................................
Baltimore PMSA ...............................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .....................
Boston PMSA ...................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ...............
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ...
Chicago PMSA .................................
Cincinnati PMSA ...............................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .........
Columbus, Ohio MSA .......................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ..................
Dayton-Springfield MSA ...................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .......
Detroit PMSA ....................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .....................
Hartford MSA ....................................
Houston PMSA .................................
Indianapolis MSA ..............................
Kansas City MSA ..............................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ......
Louisville MSA ..................................
See footnotes at end of table.
119
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
Women–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Memphis MSA ..................................
Miami PMSA .....................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ......................
New Orleans MSA ............................
New York PMSA ...............................
Newark PMSA ..................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News MSA ..................................
Oakland PMSA .................................
Oklahoma City MSA .........................
Orange County PMSA ......................
Philadelphia PMSA ...........................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ..........................
Pittsburgh MSA .................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA ...............
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .....
Rochester MSA ................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ..................
St. Louis MSA2 .................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ...............
San Antonio MSA .............................
San Diego MSA ................................
San Francisco PMSA .......................
San Jose PMSA ...............................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
MSA ............................................
Washington D.C. PMSA ...................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.3
12.9
14.5
21.3
13.7
12.8
14.6
11.6
12.5
13.6
18.6
19.6
20.6
13.5
20.8
17.7
5.0
4.5
3.1
2.7
3.0
3.9
3.6
3.9
13.3
14.7
12.4
11.5
12.9
15.8
11.2
14.9
28.7
25.7
30.0
22.7
28.9
27.6
23.1
26.9
16.5
20.5
12.1
15.2
14.2
21.4
19.6
19.3
1.4
1.6
2.3
1.9
1.4
1.0
1.0
1.0
4.7
3.6
3.4
2.6
2.6
2.0
4.4
3.3
1.1
1.1
.5
.6
1.6
1.0
.5
.4
1.4
1.1
2.8
1.4
1.0
.7
1.0
1.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.7
19.9
13.3
17.1
15.3
15.1
13.5
14.7
11.4
14.6
11.0
16.6
15.0
14.3
11.1
15.4
22.2
14.8
20.5
18.4
19.1
19.6
17.3
21.9
15.1
17.6
14.7
16.0
16.5
16.7
17.4
20.7
16.8
16.6
18.8
21.7
22.6
20.5
3.7
5.1
5.1
3.2
3.4
4.1
4.2
2.9
4.6
3.0
4.2
4.4
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
3.3
5.8
4.5
16.1
15.4
12.2
14.5
13.5
14.2
13.3
15.2
14.8
15.9
15.2
13.4
15.2
13.4
13.4
13.1
12.4
10.1
11.4
22.4
23.1
26.3
21.2
25.4
26.0
25.2
24.7
22.4
23.9
19.7
26.7
23.3
29.0
26.5
23.0
18.2
22.4
20.8
15.9
13.6
15.7
15.3
14.1
17.0
19.7
19.0
17.5
16.5
17.8
15.5
13.8
13.7
22.4
18.3
14.1
11.6
14.8
2.0
1.2
2.4
3.6
.9
2.2
1.7
2.5
2.3
.6
2.7
2.5
1.9
2.1
1.2
1.8
1.0
4.8
2.2
2.8
1.2
2.7
6.3
2.9
3.9
2.3
2.9
8.0
4.2
8.7
1.6
3.7
4.6
2.9
3.5
4.3
6.5
1.8
1.4
.2
.8
3
( )
.9
.6
.9
.5
.8
1.1
1.1
(3)
1.1
.6
.6
.7
.2
1.0
1.5
.8
1.0
1.6
.8
1.3
1.1
.8
1.6
2.3
2.5
1.9
.5
1.1
2.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
.5
1.7
100.0
100.0
10.7
21.9
15.8
24.4
5.1
3.1
16.9
9.6
25.7
23.5
16.9
13.8
2.3
.8
2.7
1.1
.6
.4
1.9
1.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.9
15.9
8.4
13.2
9.6
20.3
15.0
14.4
14.6
12.8
14.1
11.3
14.5
17.3
10.7
15.7
21.1
20.5
17.7
10.5
16.5
10.2
26.0
16.1
17.1
16.5
20.8
20.4
20.3
12.5
27.2
16.7
20.9
17.2
6.1
3.4
2.1
2.2
4.0
4.9
3.8
5.3
3.0
1.6
3.5
3.3
3.1
1.2
3.0
3.3
3.4
7.6
11.8
15.8
15.4
16.4
8.1
13.9
13.4
10.5
11.2
10.9
13.7
12.1
11.1
15.4
12.1
11.6
28.0
24.7
22.1
24.6
24.9
21.1
26.0
24.1
21.2
27.2
22.9
25.3
26.6
21.0
24.4
21.6
19.8
18.9
15.8
30.5
14.3
24.9
15.4
19.8
16.0
22.0
19.2
20.5
19.0
19.7
6.2
23.9
18.6
15.1
2.3
1.6
1.1
2.2
1.1
.8
1.1
1.6
2.0
.8
1.0
1.0
2.8
(3)
1.7
2.0
1.7
3.0
5.2
4.2
8.5
7.3
.8
2.1
2.7
8.1
2.4
5.0
4.3
6.2
8.6
2.6
3.6
6.9
.8
.9
2.1
.7
.6
.8
.5
1.1
.6
1.6
.5
.7
1.0
2.5
(3)
.7
.4
.8
2.5
2.1
1.8
1.1
.8
1.1
3.7
1.7
3.2
1.2
1.0
1.7
3.7
.9
1.0
1.7
100.0
100.0
22.1
18.5
17.4
23.3
2.5
4.5
14.6
12.4
13.2
12.8
7.8
9.7
11.6
11.3
3.6
2.8
3.2
2.1
3.4
1.1
Cities:
Baltimore central city ........................
Chicago central city ..........................
Cleveland central city .......................
Dallas central city .............................
Detroit central city .............................
District of Columbia ..........................
Houston central city ..........................
Indianapolis central city ....................
Los Angeles central city ....................
Milwaukee central city ......................
New York central city ........................
Philadelphia central city ....................
Phoenix central city ..........................
St. Louis central city .........................
San Antonio central city ....................
San Diego central city .......................
San Francisco central city ................
White
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ......................................
Baltimore PMSA ...............................
See footnotes at end of table.
120
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
White–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .....................
Boston PMSA ...................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ...............
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ...
Chicago PMSA .................................
Cincinnati PMSA ...............................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .........
Columbus, Ohio MSA .......................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ..................
Dayton-Springfield MSA ...................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .......
Detroit PMSA ....................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .....................
Hartford MSA ....................................
Houston PMSA .................................
Indianapolis MSA ..............................
Kansas City MSA ..............................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ......
Louisville MSA ..................................
Memphis MSA ..................................
Miami PMSA .....................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ......................
New Orleans MSA ............................
New York PMSA ...............................
Newark PMSA ..................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News MSA ..................................
Oakland PMSA .................................
Oklahoma City MSA .........................
Orange County PMSA ......................
Philadelphia PMSA ...........................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ..........................
Pittsburgh MSA .................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA ...............
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .....
Rochester MSA ................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ..................
St. Louis MSA2 .................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ...............
San Antonio MSA .............................
San Diego MSA ................................
San Francisco PMSA .......................
San Jose PMSA ...............................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
MSA ............................................
Washington D.C. PMSA ...................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.1
19.6
13.8
20.6
18.8
16.2
15.7
15.7
17.8
15.8
18.8
16.2
18.7
16.7
17.3
19.1
16.0
14.8
15.9
22.5
14.8
14.8
20.8
17.4
17.4
17.8
17.3
15.8
20.1
15.8
13.8
16.5
16.1
14.5
18.0
14.5
16.5
21.5
15.3
15.4
16.5
18.3
18.1
16.4
14.4
15.9
15.6
13.5
15.4
18.7
15.2
18.6
19.2
16.6
3.3
3.1
4.2
3.3
2.6
3.6
3.7
3.0
3.6
2.6
3.7
3.2
3.5
3.7
3.2
2.9
3.7
2.2
3.0
5.5
3.9
2.8
3.4
2.9
3.9
2.7
2.8
14.4
12.0
15.2
15.5
13.1
10.9
13.0
11.9
12.7
12.4
13.3
12.5
14.1
11.6
11.9
14.0
14.3
10.8
11.0
15.6
14.5
10.9
12.4
13.3
11.5
12.7
14.7
16.9
13.3
14.4
13.0
14.3
16.7
14.0
14.9
14.9
12.4
13.8
14.2
14.6
15.2
12.4
12.0
15.4
13.1
16.1
13.8
16.1
17.7
14.4
16.6
15.4
15.1
15.9
9.1
12.6
12.8
7.3
10.2
10.2
13.0
12.5
10.9
10.3
9.0
11.1
12.4
10.6
10.1
10.3
10.1
14.5
11.4
7.3
13.6
9.3
10.8
12.8
13.0
14.6
12.9
10.9
10.2
9.1
11.4
10.6
10.9
11.9
9.3
12.5
12.1
9.8
12.6
13.1
12.2
13.1
10.2
10.7
11.0
12.0
11.4
8.6
12.9
9.1
12.0
9.1
6.8
8.6
5.6
3.0
6.1
6.7
5.8
6.6
5.5
4.0
4.8
8.5
2.5
6.1
2.3
5.7
5.4
5.5
4.8
8.4
5.6
3.1
3.3
5.9
4.1
2.8
2.5
3.3
4.4
2.9
2.3
3.4
3.3
3.4
4.0
3.5
5.0
3.7
3.6
3.2
3.6
1.8
2.6
3.3
2.3
3.7
4.1
3.8
1.0
4.9
4.4
2.8
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.8
2.9
4.0
2.9
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.3
4.2
2.8
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.1
4.8
3.6
3.1
4.9
4.9
2.5
2.9
3.4
3.8
2.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.4
21.6
15.7
18.1
18.0
16.6
15.9
15.2
13.2
13.7
15.3
17.0
15.7
14.8
12.4
16.4
22.1
18.6
20.9
18.5
19.2
17.5
16.7
19.7
14.5
16.7
15.3
14.5
11.0
16.5
18.0
15.6
15.6
13.9
17.2
22.4
20.7
20.1
4.9
4.7
4.4
3.0
3.5
3.7
3.7
2.8
3.5
2.9
3.6
3.9
3.4
3.7
2.5
3.5
3.5
5.2
3.9
13.8
13.7
13.1
15.0
13.4
12.3
12.6
13.0
13.0
12.5
12.6
13.4
13.8
14.2
11.5
13.4
13.7
9.4
11.8
15.2
12.7
16.2
11.7
14.8
14.3
14.8
14.2
13.5
12.8
12.8
13.8
14.3
17.1
15.9
12.7
10.7
13.9
11.8
10.0
9.0
10.9
11.8
9.9
13.5
14.0
13.5
13.9
14.3
12.3
14.0
10.8
10.8
17.4
15.2
9.4
8.8
10.3
12.4
11.1
9.5
10.5
9.0
11.9
9.8
11.0
11.4
14.2
10.5
9.0
12.6
10.6
12.6
9.4
9.0
10.1
9.8
2.4
2.0
4.4
5.8
3.4
3.9
3.7
5.3
8.7
5.4
8.8
2.0
5.0
4.3
3.1
3.2
2.2
5.2
3.3
2.0
2.9
3.3
2.8
3.3
2.5
4.6
3.5
3.1
5.7
3.8
3.8
4.1
3.1
4.3
2.7
2.5
1.9
3.6
2.8
2.4
3.3
3.2
3.4
3.6
2.9
4.0
3.9
4.8
2.5
3.6
3.2
4.5
3.9
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.1
100.0
100.0
14.1
25.8
13.8
25.8
3.6
3.3
15.4
9.0
15.2
11.1
13.8
10.8
11.0
8.8
3.7
1.2
2.9
1.1
3.8
1.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.3
17.1
9.1
16.5
3.4
26.2
17.4
8.1
16.7
5.2
6.0
2.9
3.0
2.5
(3)
13.1
10.9
11.1
11.5
12.1
8.3
12.4
16.2
14.0
19.0
14.3
12.3
20.2
12.4
20.7
13.1
9.7
12.1
11.9
13.8
2.4
7.5
9.1
6.9
3.4
1.2
3.5
7.1
1.8
5.2
1.2
5.3
4.0
5.3
12.1
Cities:
Baltimore central city ........................
Chicago central city ..........................
Cleveland central city .......................
Dallas central city .............................
Detroit central city .............................
See footnotes at end of table.
121
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
White–Continued
Cities:–Continued
District of Columbia ..........................
Houston central city ..........................
Indianapolis central city ....................
Los Angeles central city ....................
Milwaukee central city ......................
New York central city ........................
Philadelphia central city ....................
Phoenix central city ..........................
St. Louis central city .........................
San Antonio central city ....................
San Diego central city .......................
San Francisco central city ................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
29.4
15.4
17.5
13.7
9.7
16.7
13.0
14.0
15.7
11.2
16.7
22.6
39.2
17.5
16.8
14.2
17.6
18.4
19.4
12.9
23.6
14.1
21.4
20.3
5.9
3.0
3.2
1.5
1.2
2.7
1.7
3.1
3.4
2.2
4.7
5.1
5.9
11.4
13.7
10.1
6.1
12.2
11.0
10.1
6.7
12.3
14.2
12.5
9.8
12.5
12.6
11.8
17.6
15.3
18.5
14.2
14.6
15.0
12.1
12.2
6.9
11.1
13.0
16.4
17.6
15.6
13.3
14.7
7.9
19.6
15.3
10.5
2.0
13.0
9.1
10.9
12.1
6.8
9.0
14.2
12.4
12.5
6.8
6.8
(3)
6.8
4.9
9.2
7.3
3.9
4.6
5.4
4.5
2.9
1.7
2.0
(3)
3.7
1.8
3.7
6.1
3.9
4.3
3.5
4.5
4.5
2.8
2.7
1.0
4.7
6.3
5.3
4.8
4.3
4.3
4.2
4.5
3.6
3.0
4.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.5
12.4
12.8
7.8
2.3
8.5
9.4
12.8
9.6
9.6
11.1
1.5
16.3
8.9
5.5
5.1
7.9
14.1
9.7
14.0
4.2
8.4
5.5
15.8
8.2
12.2
5.5
10.2
11.0
10.0
12.1
12.8
16.7
4.5
7.9
14.2
11.7
9.6
9.6
14.3
9.2
4.7
9.8
6.0
10.2
12.6
11.5
6.5
15.7
12.5
4.8
8.5
10.5
9.8
18.3
9.6
12.8
12.1
3.3
3.8
2.1
6.7
2.3
4.2
2.3
4.3
1.9
2.9
3.3
3.1
2.3
4.6
3.3
3.4
2.9
2.6
5.4
2.9
4.2
3.2
2.4
1.3
3.3
2.4
3.7
4.0
3.3
9.7
7.7
12.8
7.8
4.5
9.1
10.4
7.4
12.2
6.7
9.8
7.7
7.0
11.4
9.8
10.2
13.5
9.0
10.8
9.8
2.1
10.0
11.5
13.2
11.5
9.8
11.4
9.2
9.2
20.1
18.0
21.3
13.3
29.5
17.0
21.1
13.8
17.3
19.2
21.9
12.3
25.6
15.4
14.2
20.3
16.4
25.6
24.7
22.1
18.8
21.7
14.5
18.4
16.4
18.3
16.9
17.1
18.0
14.3
20.4
17.0
28.9
40.9
15.8
16.7
21.3
25.6
21.2
16.8
29.2
16.3
21.7
32.2
23.7
20.8
20.5
18.3
16.2
27.1
22.9
24.2
18.4
21.3
20.7
23.7
27.2
25.0
7.3
6.5
4.3
5.6
4.5
7.9
6.9
7.4
7.1
8.7
6.8
9.2
11.6
6.8
9.8
13.6
8.8
3.8
6.5
6.9
6.3
8.4
11.5
6.6
8.2
8.5
5.5
7.7
4.8
8.3
5.6
6.4
5.6
9.1
13.9
6.4
6.4
5.8
5.8
5.8
16.9
2.3
11.1
3.8
5.1
2.9
3.8
5.4
3.1
10.4
7.2
5.5
6.6
4.9
6.1
4.6
3.3
5.9
6.8
5.0
6.4
5.6
2.3
7.9
6.6
8.5
5.1
6.7
4.5
4.6
2.3
6.2
8.2
3.4
8.5
2.6
4.3
5.0
8.3
8.4
6.1
1.3
6.6
1.2
9.1
5.0
5.1
6.0
7.1
4.3
3.3
(3)
8.5
5.3
5.3
4.5
8.7
4.8
6.2
9.3
3.8
2.7
5.1
4.7
7.7
8.6
3.8
4.2
4.0
6.1
6.6
9.8
2.4
7.8
3.0
5.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.1
18.9
11.7
10.3
8.2
11.1
5.6
19.4
4.8
15.2
5.7
13.1
18.1
18.3
17.2
13.8
11.1
11.1
6.5
14.3
17.0
11.3
2.8
1.6
3.3
6.9
3.5
1.9
1.9
(3)
4.8
.9
1.9
10.8
8.7
8.3
20.7
12.9
13.0
11.1
12.9
9.5
10.7
11.3
13.6
17.3
11.7
20.7
18.8
24.1
18.5
25.8
14.3
20.5
11.3
19.9
19.7
21.7
20.7
24.0
16.7
25.9
16.1
28.6
10.7
34.0
9.1
5.5
3.3
3.4
5.9
7.4
14.8
3.2
14.3
9.8
5.7
5.7
1.6
10.0
(3)
4.1
11.1
3.7
6.5
9.5
1.8
9.4
5.7
3.1
1.7
(3)
4.1
3.7
3.7
3.2
(3)
8.0
3.8
5.1
3.9
10.0
3.4
4.7
(3)
1.9
3.2
4.8
6.3
3.8
Black
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ......................................
Baltimore PMSA ...............................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .....................
Boston PMSA ...................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ...............
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ...
Chicago PMSA .................................
Cincinnati PMSA ...............................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .........
Columbus, Ohio MSA .......................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ..................
Dayton-Springfield MSA ...................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .......
Detroit PMSA ....................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .....................
Hartford MSA ....................................
Houston PMSA .................................
Indianapolis MSA ..............................
Kansas City MSA ..............................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ......
Louisville MSA ..................................
Memphis MSA ..................................
Miami PMSA .....................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ......................
New Orleans MSA ............................
New York PMSA ...............................
Newark PMSA ..................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News MSA ..................................
Oakland PMSA .................................
Oklahoma City MSA .........................
Orange County PMSA ......................
Philadelphia PMSA ...........................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ..........................
Pittsburgh MSA .................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA ...............
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .....
Rochester MSA ................................
See footnotes at end of table.
122
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
Black–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ..................
St. Louis MSA2 .................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ...............
San Antonio MSA .............................
San Diego MSA ................................
San Francisco PMSA .......................
San Jose PMSA ...............................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
MSA ............................................
Washington D.C. PMSA ...................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.3
13.3
33.3
3.8
3.2
25.0
13.0
16.3
12.8
16.1
(3)
15.4
8.1
15.4
39.1
16.3
5.1
2.2
(3)
7.7
3.2
1.9
(3)
(3)
(3)
11.1
(3)
21.2
8.1
11.5
(3)
10.2
35.9
17.8
16.7
13.5
30.6
17.3
17.4
14.3
17.9
19.4
33.3
23.1
17.7
15.4
21.7
16.3
7.7
2.2
(3)
1.9
11.3
7.7
4.3
8.2
2.6
6.1
(3)
5.8
1.6
(3)
(3)
4.1
2.6
7.2
(3)
1.9
6.5
3.8
8.7
8.2
(3)
5.0
(3)
5.8
6.5
(3)
(3)
2.0
100.0
100.0
6.1
16.6
8.7
12.0
4.3
3.8
10.4
10.1
14.8
22.5
23.5
17.2
13.9
5.7
9.6
1.7
3.5
7.3
5.2
2.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.8
7.3
5.1
11.2
8.6
14.1
6.6
14.7
15.3
13.7
10.0
7.6
6.7
18.3
5.3
4.7
31.7
8.6
13.0
7.7
13.8
9.7
14.8
10.5
10.7
16.8
9.6
12.5
13.7
3.3
18.3
15.8
7.0
14.6
4.3
1.6
1.3
2.0
3.9
3.0
2.2
2.7
3.2
1.4
3.9
3.8
3.3
(3)
7.9
4.7
2.4
5.9
11.7
11.5
10.5
10.8
9.6
13.2
9.3
7.4
12.3
9.4
12.3
13.3
9.9
21.1
9.3
7.3
19.8
22.0
10.3
22.4
15.4
19.3
18.0
26.7
23.7
19.2
17.0
19.0
20.0
14.1
7.9
25.6
17.1
25.1
19.2
37.2
16.4
21.9
23.7
25.4
21.3
16.3
19.2
28.0
25.1
20.0
15.5
21.1
23.3
19.5
8.0
5.4
9.0
6.6
6.8
4.4
7.5
1.3
6.8
6.8
7.7
7.1
13.3
1.4
2.6
9.3
7.3
4.3
6.0
6.4
5.9
11.8
2.2
2.2
4.0
2.6
5.5
3.1
2.8
10.0
7.0
7.9
(3)
(3)
4.3
7.0
6.4
5.3
5.7
5.2
7.5
2.7
4.2
1.4
4.9
4.3
6.7
4.2
2.6
7.0
4.9
6.4
6.2
2.6
3.9
4.7
3.7
4.8
8.0
3.2
6.8
3.1
3.8
(3)
9.9
7.9
7.0
(3)
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.9
8.7
7.8
5.1
8.3
7.3
7.4
7.8
8.6
10.6
11.5
7.7
6.3
9.1
10.5
7.0
12.5
8.7
8.5
9.8
21.2
9.9
12.7
47.8
5.2
7.7
8.3
4.6
3.7
4.4
9.9
6.1
12.2
5.8
6.7
18.2
5.3
4.8
9.7
(3)
8.5
4.5
9.1
6.3
(3)
(3)
1.3
1.3
8.3
2.1
3.7
2.4
2.5
1.5
4.6
3.8
2.5
(3)
2.6
1.6
4.5
(3)
(3)
2.7
(3)
1.8
10.9
8.7
5.2
7.7
(3)
7.3
3.7
8.6
13.0
4.5
11.5
13.5
8.5
(3)
21.1
9.0
13.9
(3)
4.3
4.5
15.2
10.6
7.3
17.4
16.9
9.0
(3)
12.1
14.8
9.1
17.3
12.1
14.5
11.5
12.1
(3)
10.5
12.6
16.4
13.0
6.4
13.4
12.1
14.8
9.1
8.7
14.3
43.6
8.3
16.3
25.9
20.8
14.8
30.3
19.1
15.4
16.2
36.4
15.8
20.6
15.2
8.7
48.9
17.9
15.2
26.8
25.5
(3)
9.1
6.4
25.0
13.4
18.5
19.7
16.0
10.6
13.7
17.3
21.6
27.3
13.2
13.1
9.9
17.4
8.5
17.0
12.1
8.0
7.3
(3)
22.1
10.3
25.0
18.2
3.7
11.8
4.3
6.1
4.6
13.5
11.7
9.1
10.5
14.3
3.8
26.1
8.5
17.0
3.0
7.8
7.3
(3)
7.8
2.6
(3)
5.6
7.4
4.0
5.6
4.5
3.8
1.9
5.8
(3)
5.3
6.0
5.9
4.3
4.3
4.5
9.1
5.9
5.5
(3)
6.5
6.4
16.7
9.4
11.1
9.3
6.8
7.6
2.3
5.8
6.5
(3)
7.9
7.5
5.9
21.7
2.1
7.1
3.0
7.5
Cities:
Baltimore central city ........................
Chicago central city ..........................
Cleveland central city .......................
Dallas central city .............................
Detroit central city .............................
District of Columbia ..........................
Houston central city ..........................
Indianapolis central city ....................
Los Angeles central city ....................
Milwaukee central city ......................
New York central city ........................
Philadelphia central city ....................
Phoenix central city ..........................
St. Louis central city .........................
San Antonio central city ....................
San Diego central city .......................
San Francisco central city ................
Hispanic origin
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ......................................
Baltimore PMSA ...............................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .....................
Boston PMSA ...................................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ...
Chicago PMSA .................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .........
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ..................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .......
Detroit PMSA ....................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .....................
Hartford MSA ....................................
Houston PMSA .................................
Indianapolis MSA ..............................
Kansas City MSA ..............................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ......
Miami PMSA .....................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ......................
New Orleans MSA ............................
New York PMSA ...............................
See footnotes at end of table.
123
Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and
occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional
specialty
Population group and area
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Toltal
TechniemExecutive,
ployed1
Profes- cians
administraand
sional
Sales
tive, and
specialty related
managerial
support
Administrative
support,
including
clerical
Operators, fabricators, and
laborers
Precision
Service
Handlers,
production, Machine
occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment
tions
assem- tation and cleaners,
repair
blers,
helpers,
material
and
and
moving
inspectors
laborers
Hispanic origin–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Newark PMSA ..................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News MSA ..................................
Oakland PMSA .................................
Oklahoma City MSA .........................
Orange County PMSA ......................
Philadelphia PMSA ...........................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ..........................
Pittsburgh MSA .................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA ...............
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .....
Rochester MSA ................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ..................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ...............
San Antonio MSA .............................
San Diego MSA ................................
San Francisco PMSA .......................
San Jose PMSA ...............................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
MSA ............................................
Washington D.C. PMSA ...................
Cities:
Chicago central city ..........................
Cleveland central city .......................
Dallas central city .............................
Detroit central city .............................
District of Columbia ..........................
Houston central city ..........................
Los Angeles central city ....................
Milwaukee central city ......................
New York central city ........................
Philadelphia central city ....................
Phoenix central city ..........................
San Antonio central city ....................
San Diego central city .......................
San Francisco central city ................
100.0
6.9
5.9
3.0
14.9
18.8
15.8
9.9
12.9
5.9
5.0
4.0
2.2
(3)
4.8
2.7
4.1
(3)
3.6
3.4
7.1
7.7
2.1
4.3
4.9
2.6
4.1
4.5
(3)
4.0
6.5
14.3
6.6
8.1
6.8
(3)
5.5
6.9
5.9
15.4
5.3
8.5
5.5
7.1
6.1
10.0
8.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.0
9.8
7.1
5.4
5.4
7.5
20.0
5.5
3.4
5.6
7.7
11.7
8.5
7.1
9.8
9.5
8.0
10.9
16.0
9.8
10.7
6.9
9.5
4.7
20.0
3.6
6.9
5.9
(3)
10.6
6.4
7.4
6.8
8.1
6.0
6.5
4.0
3.3
3.6
2.4
1.4
2.4
(3)
1.8
(3)
1.2
(3)
7.4
4.3
2.2
(3)
1.4
4.0
2.2
20.0
15.2
7.1
6.6
12.2
7.1
10.0
5.5
6.9
10.4
7.7
8.5
8.5
11.2
12.0
10.8
5.5
6.5
28.0
16.3
10.7
9.6
10.8
10.5
20.0
10.9
13.8
13.1
7.7
11.7
8.5
18.0
12.0
16.9
15.5
8.7
4.0
13.0
28.6
20.7
23.0
20.3
20.0
23.6
13.8
15.7
15.4
19.1
14.9
22.1
24.8
20.3
16.5
30.4
8.0
16.3
7.1
16.2
10.8
17.3
10.0
5.5
13.8
17.2
15.4
9.6
25.5
15.3
11.3
14.9
12.5
19.6
(3)
2.2
10.7
15.6
10.8
8.8
(3)
16.4
27.6
11.0
15.4
10.6
10.6
4.6
6.0
7.4
12.0
4.3
100.0
100.0
6.6
9.7
4.9
7.4
1.6
2.8
12.3
5.1
13.9
6.8
22.1
33.5
13.9
18.2
6.6
4.0
.8
1.7
5.7
6.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.3
(3)
3.6
7.7
12.5
5.8
5.3
7.1
10.0
4.8
6.7
6.9
10.6
16.2
4.2
(3)
4.2
(3)
12.5
5.0
3.9
(3)
6.1
9.5
2.2
6.9
8.3
6.8
2.9
(3)
2.4
(3)
6.3
2.5
1.2
(3)
1.8
(3)
1.7
2.8
(3)
2.7
6.3
8.3
10.9
(3)
6.3
9.1
7.5
(3)
10.6
14.3
6.1
12.1
13.6
5.4
12.9
8.3
7.9
7.7
6.3
11.6
11.2
7.1
15.0
19.0
12.3
17.0
12.1
23.0
15.8
41.7
22.4
23.1
37.5
17.4
22.8
14.3
26.5
9.5
20.7
23.2
23.5
17.6
13.8
8.3
18.8
7.7
6.3
20.3
14.3
21.4
7.8
19.0
19.6
14.9
12.1
8.1
17.5
8.3
13.3
7.7
(3)
12.0
14.9
35.7
8.0
19.0
11.7
3.8
3.8
6.8
5.8
8.3
3.0
7.7
6.3
6.2
5.6
(3)
6.1
(3)
5.0
5.9
4.5
6.8
12.5
16.7
10.9
30.8
6.3
8.7
8.3
14.3
7.9
4.8
6.7
4.5
7.6
5.4
1 Includes farming, forestry, and fishing not shown separately.
2 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not
meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on
the sample in that area. See appendix B. Detail may not add to totals
because of rounding.
definition. See appendix C.
3 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total
employed.
124
Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates by occupation, 1998 annual averages
Managerial and
professional specialty
Area
Total1
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniProfesadministracians and
sional
tive, and
related
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Precision
Service
Adminiproduction, Machine
Transporoccupastrative
craft, and operators,
tation and
tions
support,
assemblers,
repair
material
including
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ......................................
Baltimore PMSA ...............................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .....................
Boston PMSA ...................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ...............
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ...
Chicago PMSA .................................
Cincinnati PMSA ...............................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .........
Columbus, Ohio MSA .......................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ..................
Dayton-Springfield MSA ...................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .......
Detroit PMSA ....................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .....................
Hartford MSA ....................................
Houston PMSA .................................
Indianapolis MSA ..............................
Kansas City MSA ..............................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ......
Louisville MSA ..................................
Memphis MSA ..................................
Miami PMSA .....................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ......................
New Orleans MSA ............................
New York PMSA ...............................
Newark PMSA ..................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport
News MSA ..................................
Oakland PMSA .................................
Oklahoma City MSA .........................
Orange County PMSA ......................
Philadelphia PMSA ...........................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ..........................
Pittsburgh MSA .................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA ...............
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .....
Rochester MSA ................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ..................
St. Louis MSA3 .................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ...............
San Antonio MSA .............................
San Diego MSA ................................
San Francisco PMSA .......................
San Jose PMSA ...............................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater
MSA ............................................
Washington D.C. PMSA ...................
3.0
5.1
3.5
3.0
3.4
3.4
4.3
3.4
2.8
3.5
3.8
4.9
3.1
3.7
4.0
2.5
3.9
3.0
3.1
5.8
3.6
3.9
5.8
3.1
2.0
2.5
4.4
6.8
4.3
1.9
.3
.3
1.3
.7
2.0
2.1
2.8
.3
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.7
(2)
2.5
.9
2.2
2.5
1.1
2.4
2.6
.7
.6
1.8
2.3
2.5
1.1
1.6
2.9
3.1
1.9
1.4
2.2
1.7
1.0
1.0
1.3
2.1
1.7
2.3
1.0
1.7
(2)
1.9
(2)
1.7
3.9
2.0
2.6
2.1
1.5
1.3
.9
1.8
3.1
2.4
(2)
2.4
(2)
1.5
(2)
(2)
1.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.0
(2)
(2)
1.9
(2)
(2)
1.8
(2)
(2)
3.0
(2)
(2)
4.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.4
(2)
3.6
5.0
3.5
3.3
4.3
2.9
5.5
5.1
1.6
3.1
4.7
2.7
2.9
3.5
6.4
(2)
4.1
4.3
2.6
6.7
4.3
2.7
7.8
5.4
2.7
1.6
4.7
8.7
4.6
2.3
5.5
5.0
2.9
3.1
4.3
3.7
2.0
2.5
2.7
4.4
5.1
3.8
2.4
3.5
(2)
4.4
2.7
2.4
5.4
2.4
4.3
5.0
1.8
1.8
2.6
2.0
8.7
4.8
5.8
10.3
5.3
3.8
4.5
7.3
7.1
6.4
3.9
5.0
6.9
8.1
7.9
5.6
4.8
(2)
5.7
6.4
4.5
7.3
5.6
5.5
8.7
4.2
3.7
3.6
7.5
9.1
6.4
2.3
2.8
2.7
2.9
(2)
2.7
3.7
2.8
4.3
3.3
2.0
7.9
2.2
4.1
3.1
(2)
3.8
(2)
3.6
6.2
6.7
(2)
5.2
1.6
1.1
2.9
7.4
7.6
4.5
3.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.9
6.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
5.4
6.5
(2)
6.5
(2)
(2)
4.1
(2)
(2)
8.9
(2)
(2)
9.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.7
3.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
5.4
(2)
(2)
5.6
(2)
(2)
4.7
(2)
(2)
3.9
(2)
(2)
4.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
4.9
6.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
12.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
6.7
(2)
(2)
8.8
(2)
(2)
9.6
(2)
(2)
12.5
(2)
(2)
11.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
12.7
11.1
4.0
4.0
3.8
3.3
4.4
3.3
3.8
4.6
4.7
6.6
4.4
5.6
4.3
3.7
5.1
5.1
3.3
3.5
3.5
2.0
1.2
2.3
1.9
2.3
1.7
1.9
3.7
3.1
3.4
3.2
1.1
1.5
2.4
1.0
3.2
.9
1.9
.6
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.7
2.1
2.8
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.8
2.6
1.8
2.4
2.3
1.6
2.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
3.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
7.3
4.1
3.6
3.1
2.9
3.7
3.7
5.0
4.8
7.8
4.5
7.5
5.2
3.7
7.7
7.6
3.3
5.8
4.9
5.2
5.0
3.9
2.9
4.2
3.8
3.2
5.2
3.8
4.9
2.8
2.9
2.3
2.6
7.4
5.2
3.7
3.4
3.8
7.9
6.0
8.1
5.7
8.2
3.9
4.7
5.6
6.3
9.9
6.8
9.6
7.6
6.0
6.7
4.7
7.1
3.8
4.7
2.7
7.5
4.3
3.3
6.0
3.6
4.8
3.7
2.7
6.7
9.4
5.7
5.4
2.7
4.8
6.9
2.6
4.1
4.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
5.5
7.6
3.9
(2)
7.4
8.7
13.6
1.0
(2)
8.2
6.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6.6
(2)
7.4
(2)
15.8
6.0
(2)
(2)
1.8
2.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
11.1
(2)
(2)
8.4
6.1
10.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.0
(2)
10.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
4.6
3.3
1.9
1.5
1.8
1.7
5.6
3.0
2.6
5.0
3.3
4.1
5.8
5.3
5.9
3.9
8.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
8.5
(2)
11.6
6.7
5.8
3.9
7.2
8.3
5.7
3.9
(2)
2.8
(2)
3.0
3.5
3.8
4.5
(2)
7.1
3.0
(2)
.5
2.0
3.6
3.6
(2)
(2)
2.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
6.6
(2)
(2)
10.1
8.1
(2)
7.6
7.4
11.9
5.4
(2)
8.3
4.8
(2)
5.6
5.8
9.4
4.8
(2)
17.2
9.3
6.4
6.7
9.0
13.1
8.4
(2)
4.2
4.7
(2)
1.7
8.5
16.1
6.4
(2)
(2)
13.3
(2)
(2)
6.8
(2)
4.8
(2)
(2)
5.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.9
7.7
(2)
33.2
15.8
(2)
(2)
13.7
21.8
11.2
(2)
Cities:
Baltimore central city ........................
Chicago central city ..........................
Cleveland central city .......................
Dallas central city .............................
Detroit central city .............................
District of Columbia ..........................
Houston central city ..........................
Indianapolis central city ....................
See footnotes at end of table.
125
Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Managerial and
professional specialty
Area
Total1
Technical, sales, and
administrative support
Executive,
TechniProfesadministracians and
sional
tive, and
related
specialty
managerial
support
Sales
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Precision
Service
Adminiproduction, Machine
Transporoccupastrative
craft, and operators,
tation and
tions
support,
assemblers,
repair
material
including
and
moving
clerical
inspectors
Handlers,
equipment
cleaners,
helpers,
and
laborers
Cities:–Continued
Los Angeles central city ....................
Milwaukee central city ......................
New York central city ........................
Philadelphia central city ....................
Phoenix central city ..........................
St. Louis central city .........................
San Antonio central city ....................
San Diego central city .......................
San Francisco central city ................
6.7
6.4
7.3
7.3
4.2
8.1
5.4
4.5
3.6
2.0
(2)
2.7
3.1
2.3
4.6
1.1
5.1
.6
6.2
2.5
3.3
3.0
1.8
4.7
1.3
2.6
(2)
1.6
(2)
2.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.1
(2)
9.3
6.1
6.6
(2)
9.8
6.4
(2)
1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. Includes farming,
forestry, and fishing, not shown separately.
2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample
5.1
1.4
9.7
5.9
5.8
7.7
9.1
4.2
(2)
7.5
5.8
9.3
12.2
3.8
(2)
5.7
4.1
(2)
7.1
(2)
7.9
7.7
4.6
(2)
5.2
(2)
(2)
10.2
(2)
9.9
11.2
5.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
2.0
(2)
5.2
13.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
16.3
(2)
13.2
11.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
in that area. See appendix B.
3 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget
definition. See appendix C.
126
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
TOTAL
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ....................................................
Baltimore PMSA .............................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA ...................................
Boston PMSA .................................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA .............................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .................
Chicago PMSA ...............................................
Cincinnati PMSA .............................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .......................
Columbus, Ohio MSA .....................................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................
Dayton-Springfield MSA .................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .....................
Detroit PMSA ..................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA ...................................
Hartford MSA ..................................................
Houston PMSA ...............................................
Indianapolis MSA ............................................
Kansas City MSA ............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ....................
Louisville MSA ................................................
Memphis MSA ................................................
Miami PMSA ...................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..............................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ....................................
New Orleans MSA ..........................................
New York PMSA .............................................
Newark PMSA ................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA ..
Oakland PMSA ...............................................
Oklahoma City MSA .......................................
Orange County PMSA ....................................
Philadelphia PMSA .........................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...............................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .............................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..............
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ...................
Rochester MSA ..............................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................
St. Louis MSA4 ...............................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .............................
San Antonio MSA ...........................................
San Diego MSA ..............................................
San Francisco PMSA .....................................
San Jose PMSA .............................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ......................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA .........
Washington D.C. PMSA .................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
81.9
71.3
84.1
81.6
76.9
84.5
84.0
85.7
84.4
76.6
84.4
80.0
76.9
86.4
83.7
85.8
82.3
84.8
80.6
78.3
82.6
81.0
83.5
84.5
81.7
77.8
77.5
78.1
80.2
73.1
72.8
71.9
79.5
81.7
82.7
82.9
79.2
83.7
77.0
81.4
68.4
83.6
79.5
75.6
74.7
76.9
82.5
80.7
82.5
69.7
6.5
5.4
4.5
4.1
2.5
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.7
4.3
5.4
4.5
6.4
4.9
6.4
5.1
8.2
3.8
5.2
4.3
6.8
4.7
5.3
5.0
3.3
5.5
4.9
3.6
3.7
5.7
4.4
4.4
3.4
3.7
8.4
3.9
5.5
4.4
6.6
3.2
3.7
6.0
6.4
6.5
4.9
4.6
3.2
5.7
7.0
5.6
13.0
8.7
17.4
12.6
16.9
20.5
17.7
21.2
19.2
12.4
16.0
22.9
10.1
23.0
8.3
20.0
13.2
14.9
12.8
17.9
16.7
9.0
8.2
23.5
17.0
9.7
9.8
8.8
12.6
13.1
11.2
10.4
18.8
13.7
14.3
11.6
17.5
21.5
12.4
24.4
7.6
14.0
12.6
8.1
13.7
10.5
31.0
18.7
9.9
4.7
7.4
5.4
6.3
8.2
11.1
7.4
10.1
10.9
13.9
7.7
10.6
15.8
6.0
19.3
6.2
15.6
7.2
9.5
7.0
10.0
9.7
3.9
3.5
17.0
10.8
4.8
4.1
2.7
5.7
9.2
7.1
7.4
12.6
6.7
10.4
8.2
12.4
13.3
8.8
17.1
5.5
8.2
9.0
5.0
10.3
3.9
28.1
14.5
6.2
2.4
5.6
3.3
10.9
4.3
5.8
13.1
7.6
10.2
5.3
4.7
5.4
7.1
4.2
3.6
2.2
4.4
6.0
5.3
6.0
7.8
7.0
5.1
4.7
6.4
6.2
4.9
5.6
6.1
7.0
4.0
4.1
3.0
6.2
7.0
3.9
3.4
5.1
8.1
3.6
7.1
2.1
5.8
3.6
3.1
3.5
6.7
2.9
4.2
3.6
2.3
9.8
4.6
6.8
4.9
5.1
7.6
7.2
7.2
4.2
5.3
9.1
4.5
6.1
4.7
7.2
5.3
6.9
4.9
7.8
5.6
8.4
12.4
12.2
4.1
5.7
8.7
5.7
6.0
7.7
5.0
7.7
5.1
4.1
5.2
5.7
7.3
5.8
3.1
7.8
3.2
5.3
6.0
6.1
7.2
4.0
5.0
4.0
5.1
5.7
5.4
21.1
17.6
19.7
18.1
21.6
19.9
18.5
19.8
20.4
21.6
21.1
20.0
18.7
21.0
22.4
17.1
20.4
21.6
20.1
18.7
16.9
18.4
22.3
18.9
21.1
19.2
23.5
18.0
18.5
18.8
17.7
20.7
20.0
18.3
20.6
23.2
20.2
21.9
20.4
22.2
19.6
20.8
22.0
21.2
20.3
19.3
13.1
19.5
26.1
14.7
6.5
7.5
9.9
8.1
5.3
7.1
8.1
4.9
6.7
9.1
7.5
3.1
7.5
5.7
9.3
11.3
5.9
8.4
7.6
5.1
6.8
7.9
7.9
7.0
8.1
8.8
4.1
10.8
8.3
6.6
7.7
4.7
7.3
8.3
8.2
6.4
6.2
7.0
5.5
4.1
6.4
6.8
7.5
5.0
5.7
6.6
3.5
6.1
7.7
6.8
24.9
27.5
25.7
33.8
25.3
24.3
27.8
27.8
29.1
23.9
25.0
24.9
27.4
27.1
30.0
26.9
24.1
31.1
27.0
26.6
26.6
28.6
27.3
25.7
26.4
25.8
26.7
30.8
29.1
23.7
23.9
25.0
25.5
32.4
25.5
30.2
23.8
25.7
24.3
24.1
25.9
29.7
24.2
27.1
26.1
30.8
27.8
25.6
25.9
32.5
12.1
22.8
10.9
10.6
17.5
10.8
11.1
9.3
11.0
16.8
9.2
13.1
15.1
9.6
11.5
10.4
10.8
9.4
13.7
12.0
12.7
13.3
11.1
11.0
12.7
17.5
14.9
15.7
13.8
21.6
16.3
21.1
10.3
11.7
11.1
9.7
11.7
11.1
15.1
14.5
21.6
10.8
14.9
17.8
14.9
10.0
9.2
12.0
12.5
23.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
71.4
80.8
87.0
83.0
79.9
4.3
3.2
4.5
6.4
3.9
5.1
15.2
16.4
15.2
18.3
1.8
8.6
12.4
8.9
15.0
3.3
6.6
4.5
6.3
3.3
2.5
5.6
4.5
5.6
5.7
21.0
17.6
24.9
20.6
19.5
7.2
7.8
6.8
9.4
5.1
30.8
31.3
29.4
25.4
27.3
23.9
14.2
9.0
9.9
16.8
Cities:
Baltimore central city ......................................
Chicago central city ........................................
Cleveland central city .....................................
Dallas central city ...........................................
Detroit central city ...........................................
See footnotes at end of table.
127
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
TOTAL–Continued
Cities:–Continued
District of Columbia ........................................
Houston central city ........................................
Indianapolis central city ..................................
Los Angeles central city ..................................
Milwaukee central city ....................................
New York central city ......................................
Philadelphia central city ..................................
Phoenix central city ........................................
St. Louis central city .......................................
San Antonio central city ..................................
San Diego central city .....................................
San Francisco central city ..............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
66.4
84.4
83.7
79.9
77.3
78.5
80.0
84.6
81.3
76.9
76.8
79.9
2.5
7.8
3.5
5.3
2.5
3.6
3.6
10.0
4.1
7.3
3.1
4.0
2.5
12.0
10.9
16.3
18.1
8.7
8.3
13.6
12.9
8.2
12.8
11.1
.4
6.6
5.4
7.8
13.0
2.5
3.1
9.6
6.4
4.4
9.8
1.7
2.5
5.4
5.4
8.5
5.0
6.2
5.2
4.1
6.4
3.8
3.1
9.4
4.9
7.4
3.8
5.1
5.5
6.3
6.2
5.8
8.2
6.7
3.8
5.2
11.5
21.5
25.3
19.5
16.4
18.2
17.3
21.4
17.0
22.4
21.1
21.1
4.5
4.5
8.2
5.0
6.7
10.9
7.3
7.0
7.6
5.7
6.9
6.1
40.6
28.9
31.6
28.6
28.2
30.7
37.5
26.6
31.6
26.6
29.1
32.0
26.4
7.8
11.7
8.7
19.7
15.7
14.9
10.4
15.8
17.2
14.4
9.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
85.3
74.0
84.9
81.7
76.4
87.1
85.4
86.3
84.5
78.1
85.3
80.1
78.1
89.3
84.2
85.7
84.6
86.1
82.1
80.0
83.6
84.5
84.3
86.7
84.4
78.8
78.6
78.7
81.3
76.5
74.6
72.8
81.4
80.1
83.8
82.5
80.4
82.8
78.1
82.9
11.5
9.6
7.7
7.2
3.9
8.8
7.7
8.0
8.2
7.4
8.5
7.5
10.5
8.0
10.6
8.4
12.8
6.7
8.9
7.0
11.6
8.1
9.0
9.0
5.9
9.3
8.1
5.9
6.7
9.3
7.1
8.0
5.4
6.6
13.3
6.7
8.7
7.9
10.1
5.5
15.6
12.4
19.9
16.1
23.9
23.2
22.0
27.9
27.4
18.2
19.6
29.0
12.6
32.1
10.8
26.8
18.2
21.4
15.5
20.1
21.6
12.0
7.7
32.0
22.0
11.8
14.8
8.1
16.0
19.0
15.3
14.9
23.0
17.6
18.4
15.8
22.9
26.5
16.3
31.3
9.7
8.0
8.3
10.8
16.4
10.0
13.6
15.7
20.9
10.8
14.0
22.0
7.8
27.7
8.3
20.6
10.0
14.4
9.1
12.3
13.0
5.4
3.7
24.5
15.0
6.2
6.6
3.0
8.0
14.2
10.5
11.2
16.1
9.6
13.4
11.9
17.2
16.8
11.5
22.9
6.0
4.3
11.7
5.3
7.5
13.2
8.3
11.9
6.6
7.4
5.6
7.5
4.9
4.3
2.5
6.3
8.2
6.7
6.4
7.8
8.6
6.6
3.9
7.5
7.0
5.5
8.1
5.1
8.0
4.8
4.8
4.0
7.1
8.0
5.0
4.0
5.7
9.7
4.8
8.7
11.6
6.5
9.1
6.1
7.1
11.7
8.9
9.7
5.7
7.4
10.9
6.6
7.6
5.8
9.0
6.3
8.0
5.7
10.1
6.6
11.0
19.4
14.4
5.1
6.3
11.1
7.5
7.9
10.6
5.7
8.9
7.2
4.3
6.9
6.6
10.5
7.4
4.7
10.9
5.5
22.5
18.7
21.9
18.3
19.6
21.7
18.6
18.4
18.9
20.7
20.9
16.6
19.5
20.5
25.0
19.2
19.5
24.0
21.5
20.6
16.1
20.2
23.2
17.0
22.7
19.7
22.0
21.2
18.9
19.8
16.9
21.0
21.2
19.0
19.3
21.5
18.7
20.8
19.8
20.4
5.3
6.8
10.3
7.1
4.6
4.7
6.9
3.5
4.9
6.2
5.7
1.7
5.5
4.2
7.4
8.0
3.9
5.9
4.4
3.6
4.1
5.0
6.0
4.4
5.9
7.9
1.2
10.8
6.9
4.5
5.2
2.2
5.4
6.2
6.6
4.3
3.9
5.0
3.3
2.5
18.8
20.0
16.0
26.8
17.1
16.7
21.3
18.9
18.9
18.2
19.3
18.7
21.6
18.8
21.6
16.7
17.9
22.7
21.7
22.1
18.8
19.8
23.6
18.7
21.5
18.9
20.5
24.7
22.1
18.1
21.0
17.4
21.6
23.8
19.4
22.9
18.3
18.3
17.8
17.1
8.3
19.8
10.0
9.3
17.5
7.3
9.2
7.2
11.1
14.8
7.7
12.9
14.3
6.5
9.7
10.5
7.5
7.2
11.3
9.0
11.0
9.3
8.6
8.0
10.3
15.2
11.1
13.8
11.9
18.7
13.3
19.2
7.1
11.5
9.4
8.9
10.0
10.8
12.7
12.4
Men
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ....................................................
Baltimore PMSA .............................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA ...................................
Boston PMSA .................................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA .............................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .................
Chicago PMSA ...............................................
Cincinnati PMSA .............................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .......................
Columbus, Ohio MSA .....................................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................
Dayton-Springfield MSA .................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .....................
Detroit PMSA ..................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA ...................................
Hartford MSA ..................................................
Houston PMSA ...............................................
Indianapolis MSA ............................................
Kansas City MSA ............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ....................
Louisville MSA ................................................
Memphis MSA ................................................
Miami PMSA ...................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..............................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ....................................
New Orleans MSA ..........................................
New York PMSA .............................................
Newark PMSA ................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA ..
Oakland PMSA ...............................................
Oklahoma City MSA .......................................
Orange County PMSA ....................................
Philadelphia PMSA .........................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...............................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .............................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..............
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ...................
Rochester MSA ..............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
128
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
Men–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................
St. Louis MSA4 ...............................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .............................
San Antonio MSA ...........................................
San Diego MSA ..............................................
San Francisco PMSA .....................................
San Jose PMSA .............................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ......................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA .........
Washington D.C. PMSA .................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
70.7
83.6
82.5
75.5
75.1
76.5
86.2
83.7
84.0
72.2
6.8
10.3
10.7
10.1
8.3
7.6
5.4
9.3
12.1
9.0
9.3
19.0
16.4
10.4
15.8
10.2
36.8
24.7
12.9
6.2
6.8
11.7
12.0
6.9
12.4
4.6
33.9
19.2
7.9
3.3
2.8
7.4
4.1
3.5
3.6
5.7
2.9
5.6
5.0
2.9
6.5
8.7
6.8
8.8
4.2
5.9
5.0
6.2
7.2
6.8
20.1
19.3
21.6
21.3
20.1
18.7
14.5
18.6
26.5
16.5
5.0
4.8
6.8
2.7
5.5
6.5
3.3
5.3
3.9
5.7
23.1
21.2
19.7
21.3
21.0
27.4
21.1
19.3
21.1
28.0
19.0
10.0
12.0
16.8
12.7
7.4
5.4
9.9
10.7
20.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.1
80.7
89.2
83.1
81.3
70.0
84.6
83.6
80.7
80.7
79.2
76.8
85.8
80.0
75.8
76.6
79.4
8.3
5.5
8.4
11.0
8.1
3.3
11.4
7.1
8.3
5.3
6.0
7.0
16.6
6.7
11.1
5.1
7.5
6.9
19.3
25.3
15.7
26.9
3.3
16.0
14.8
17.0
28.9
8.1
10.2
16.9
13.3
10.7
13.0
9.9
2.8
12.9
20.5
9.9
23.1
(5)
8.8
8.2
9.1
22.8
2.9
3.9
12.4
5.6
6.0
10.4
2.0
4.1
6.3
4.8
5.8
3.8
2.5
7.4
6.6
7.9
6.1
5.1
6.3
4.5
7.8
4.8
2.5
7.5
4.1
7.4
4.8
6.1
9.4
5.8
7.4
3.3
5.8
5.3
8.4
8.1
6.6
11.1
8.3
4.1
6.7
22.1
18.0
26.5
20.1
18.1
14.2
22.6
29.0
21.6
14.9
21.7
17.6
19.9
17.8
21.0
21.8
21.3
6.2
7.1
4.8
8.1
2.5
5.8
3.0
5.5
3.4
5.3
10.6
4.2
5.7
4.4
3.2
7.3
5.9
24.8
23.5
19.3
21.8
16.9
36.7
21.4
24.0
24.5
21.1
24.5
29.6
19.6
26.7
21.4
25.0
28.5
20.7
13.7
9.6
8.7
15.0
24.2
5.6
9.8
6.5
16.7
13.9
16.5
8.8
18.9
17.1
10.8
6.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.2
68.4
83.2
81.5
77.0
81.8
82.3
85.1
84.2
74.7
83.2
79.8
75.4
82.7
83.1
85.9
79.2
83.4
78.8
75.8
81.4
78.1
.9
.8
.7
.6
1.5
.6
1.1
1.3
.9
.8
1.4
1.0
1.8
1.2
1.8
1.5
2.0
.6
1.1
.8
1.2
1.5
10.2
4.7
14.4
8.5
9.6
17.6
12.6
14.4
10.4
5.8
11.5
15.9
7.3
11.6
5.5
12.5
6.3
7.7
9.8
14.8
11.1
6.2
5.0
2.5
4.0
5.2
5.6
4.7
5.9
5.9
6.5
4.1
6.4
8.7
4.1
8.8
3.4
10.3
3.4
4.0
4.6
6.9
5.9
2.6
5.3
2.2
10.1
3.3
4.4
12.9
6.7
8.5
3.9
1.6
5.0
6.7
3.2
2.8
2.1
2.3
2.9
3.7
5.2
7.9
5.5
3.6
8.0
2.7
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
5.2
4.6
2.7
3.0
6.7
2.4
4.4
3.5
5.2
4.2
5.4
4.0
5.5
4.3
5.5
6.2
19.5
16.5
17.1
17.8
23.7
17.9
18.5
21.3
21.9
22.5
21.4
24.0
18.0
21.7
19.5
14.8
21.6
18.9
18.5
16.1
17.8
17.2
7.9
8.2
9.4
9.2
5.6
9.7
9.4
6.4
8.5
12.4
9.7
4.8
9.6
7.4
11.4
14.8
8.7
11.5
11.2
7.2
10.3
10.6
31.7
35.5
37.6
41.8
33.7
32.1
35.5
36.9
39.8
29.9
32.3
31.7
34.0
37.4
39.7
38.0
32.6
40.4
33.0
32.7
35.6
37.2
16.2
25.7
12.4
12.3
17.4
14.5
13.4
11.5
11.0
19.0
11.1
13.5
16.2
13.3
13.5
9.9
15.4
11.7
16.4
16.2
14.2
17.2
Cities:
Baltimore central city ......................................
Chicago central city ........................................
Cleveland central city .....................................
Dallas central city ...........................................
Detroit central city ...........................................
District of Columbia ........................................
Houston central city ........................................
Indianapolis central city ..................................
Los Angeles central city ..................................
Milwaukee central city ....................................
New York central city ......................................
Philadelphia central city ..................................
Phoenix central city ........................................
St. Louis central city .......................................
San Antonio central city ..................................
San Diego central city .....................................
San Francisco central city ..............................
Women
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ....................................................
Baltimore PMSA .............................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA ...................................
Boston PMSA .................................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA .............................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .................
Chicago PMSA ...............................................
Cincinnati PMSA .............................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .......................
Columbus, Ohio MSA .....................................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................
Dayton-Springfield MSA .................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .....................
Detroit PMSA ..................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA ...................................
Hartford MSA ..................................................
Houston PMSA ...............................................
Indianapolis MSA ............................................
Kansas City MSA ............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ....................
Louisville MSA ................................................
Memphis MSA ................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
129
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
Women–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Miami PMSA ...................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..............................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ....................................
New Orleans MSA ..........................................
New York PMSA .............................................
Newark PMSA ................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA ..
Oakland PMSA ...............................................
Oklahoma City MSA .......................................
Orange County PMSA ....................................
Philadelphia PMSA .........................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...............................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .............................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..............
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ...................
Rochester MSA ..............................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................
St. Louis MSA4 ...............................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .............................
San Antonio MSA ...........................................
San Diego MSA ..............................................
San Francisco PMSA .....................................
San Jose PMSA .............................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ......................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA .........
Washington D.C. PMSA .................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
82.6
82.2
78.8
76.6
75.8
77.2
79.0
69.7
70.8
71.3
76.9
83.3
81.4
83.5
77.5
84.6
75.6
79.8
65.9
83.6
75.9
75.7
74.2
77.3
77.5
77.3
80.8
66.6
.5
.8
.4
1.0
1.0
.8
.4
1.7
1.4
.4
1.0
.5
2.6
.8
1.4
.8
2.1
.8
.6
1.6
1.5
2.4
1.1
.9
.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
8.8
14.5
11.4
7.4
4.4
9.6
8.7
7.0
6.7
5.6
13.3
9.6
9.4
6.9
10.4
16.2
7.4
16.7
5.5
8.7
8.6
5.5
11.4
10.9
23.3
11.5
6.6
3.0
3.0
9.0
6.2
3.2
1.7
2.3
3.1
3.8
3.2
3.6
8.2
3.6
6.7
4.2
6.0
9.6
5.4
11.3
4.2
4.4
5.6
2.4
8.1
3.1
20.2
9.0
4.4
1.3
5.6
5.4
5.2
4.2
2.7
7.3
5.6
3.2
3.4
2.0
5.0
6.0
2.6
2.9
4.4
6.9
2.1
5.8
1.4
4.1
3.1
2.7
3.3
7.9
2.8
2.6
2.2
1.6
9.5
3.1
5.1
6.0
3.7
3.6
4.8
4.7
6.3
3.2
3.7
3.4
4.6
3.5
3.7
1.5
3.7
.8
3.9
3.3
5.2
5.5
3.7
3.9
2.3
3.8
4.2
3.8
21.6
20.9
19.4
18.5
25.2
14.0
18.0
18.1
18.5
20.7
18.5
17.5
22.1
25.0
22.0
23.1
21.3
24.1
19.1
22.1
22.5
21.0
20.5
20.1
11.5
20.5
25.8
12.5
10.2
9.8
10.6
9.8
7.4
10.9
10.0
8.7
10.5
7.6
9.8
10.6
10.1
8.8
9.0
8.8
8.3
5.8
8.0
9.0
8.6
7.6
6.0
6.8
3.8
6.9
11.8
8.2
32.3
33.3
31.8
33.9
33.6
38.3
36.9
29.4
27.2
33.5
30.6
41.7
32.6
38.4
30.6
33.8
32.6
31.1
29.1
39.0
29.6
33.7
31.9
34.7
36.6
33.2
31.0
37.8
14.2
14.2
15.5
20.2
19.1
17.9
16.0
24.5
19.4
23.1
14.5
12.0
13.1
10.6
13.9
11.5
18.2
16.7
24.4
11.6
18.2
19.1
17.4
13.3
14.1
14.5
14.6
27.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
68.2
80.9
86.0
82.8
78.2
64.2
83.8
83.7
78.6
73.4
77.5
83.1
83.6
82.7
78.2
76.9
80.4
(5)
.5
1.1
.4
(5)
.8
2.7
.5
.8
5
( )
.6
.3
2.4
1.2
3.1
1.0
(5)
3.0
10.7
8.6
14.5
10.3
1.6
6.3
7.1
15.3
8.1
9.5
6.4
9.8
12.3
5.3
12.5
12.9
.8
3.8
4.3
7.6
7.5
(5)
3.6
2.2
5.8
4.0
1.9
2.4
6.3
7.4
2.7
9.2
1.3
2.3
6.9
4.3
6.9
2.9
1.6
2.7
4.3
9.5
4.0
7.5
4.1
3.8
6.2
2.7
3.7
11.6
.8
3.8
3.2
5.0
2.3
4.1
7.4
3.8
3.8
4.8
3.6
4.1
4.9
4.9
4.9
3.1
4.0
19.7
17.1
24.7
21.8
20.7
8.9
19.7
21.7
16.3
16.9
13.9
16.9
22.7
16.0
24.0
20.3
21.4
7.6
8.7
9.7
10.7
7.5
3.3
6.8
11.4
7.5
8.1
11.3
10.2
8.4
11.1
8.4
6.8
6.3
37.1
40.1
38.7
30.2
36.8
43.9
39.2
39.7
34.8
35.5
38.6
45.1
34.6
38.3
32.0
33.6
36.2
26.5
14.8
8.6
11.5
17.8
29.3
10.7
13.6
12.2
22.6
17.9
13.2
12.2
12.3
17.3
18.0
13.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
82.3
72.2
84.2
81.5
8.3
6.4
5.3
4.4
12.9
8.5
17.4
12.4
8.0
5.7
6.6
8.1
4.8
2.8
11.0
4.3
8.9
4.7
7.5
5.1
20.8
17.9
19.2
18.2
6.9
8.0
10.1
8.1
24.4
26.7
24.7
33.1
10.7
20.6
11.2
10.5
Cities:
Baltimore central city ......................................
Chicago central city ........................................
Cleveland central city .....................................
Dallas central city ...........................................
Detroit central city ...........................................
District of Columbia ........................................
Houston central city ........................................
Indianapolis central city ..................................
Los Angeles central city ..................................
Milwaukee central city ....................................
New York central city ......................................
Philadelphia central city ..................................
Phoenix central city ........................................
St. Louis central city .......................................
San Antonio central city ..................................
San Diego central city .....................................
San Francisco central city ..............................
White
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ....................................................
Baltimore PMSA .............................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA ...................................
Boston PMSA .................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
130
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
White–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA .............................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .................
Chicago PMSA ...............................................
Cincinnati PMSA .............................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .......................
Columbus, Ohio MSA .....................................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................
Dayton-Springfield MSA .................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .....................
Detroit PMSA ..................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA ...................................
Hartford MSA ..................................................
Houston PMSA ...............................................
Indianapolis MSA ............................................
Kansas City MSA ............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ....................
Louisville MSA ................................................
Memphis MSA ................................................
Miami PMSA ...................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..............................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ....................................
New Orleans MSA ..........................................
New York PMSA .............................................
Newark PMSA ................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA ..
Oakland PMSA ...............................................
Oklahoma City MSA .......................................
Orange County PMSA ....................................
Philadelphia PMSA .........................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...............................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .............................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..............
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ...................
Rochester MSA ..............................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................
St. Louis MSA4 ...............................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .............................
San Antonio MSA ...........................................
San Diego MSA ..............................................
San Francisco PMSA .....................................
San Jose PMSA .............................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ......................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA .........
Washington D.C. PMSA .................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
77.3
84.6
85.2
85.6
85.1
77.5
84.9
79.6
76.8
87.7
83.9
85.4
83.4
85.4
81.1
80.3
82.5
80.5
84.8
86.2
81.6
77.9
78.4
78.7
80.9
76.8
74.1
72.7
79.0
82.5
82.8
82.6
79.1
83.3
79.0
82.2
68.5
85.1
78.7
77.0
73.6
76.4
80.6
80.4
82.3
70.9
2.8
5.2
5.5
4.9
5.0
5.0
6.1
5.0
6.6
5.6
6.7
5.3
9.7
4.4
5.3
5.1
7.5
6.7
5.1
5.7
3.5
5.8
5.3
4.0
4.8
6.9
5.5
5.0
4.0
4.0
8.9
4.0
5.6
4.7
7.5
3.6
4.3
6.8
6.5
7.0
5.1
5.0
4.2
6.3
7.5
6.8
16.9
19.2
18.5
21.5
20.2
12.6
16.0
23.3
10.1
23.2
8.6
20.2
14.7
15.7
13.4
19.4
16.7
8.9
8.4
24.2
16.6
9.5
10.3
9.2
13.4
14.6
12.1
9.2
17.6
14.7
13.9
11.5
17.2
21.2
13.6
24.8
6.7
14.7
12.0
8.1
12.3
9.8
26.5
18.0
9.6
4.9
11.1
7.5
10.6
10.9
14.4
8.1
10.8
15.4
5.9
19.5
6.3
16.0
8.2
10.0
7.4
11.0
9.8
4.3
3.6
17.9
10.4
4.8
5.5
3.0
5.8
10.2
7.7
6.5
11.4
7.4
10.3
8.3
12.3
13.1
9.8
17.8
4.9
8.9
8.4
5.4
8.9
4.6
23.3
14.0
6.0
2.7
5.6
11.7
7.9
10.6
5.8
4.5
5.2
8.0
4.2
3.7
2.3
4.1
6.5
5.8
6.1
8.4
7.1
4.3
4.8
6.3
6.1
4.8
4.8
6.1
7.6
4.5
4.4
2.9
6.1
7.3
3.7
3.0
5.0
8.0
3.8
7.3
1.8
5.9
3.7
2.8
3.4
5.2
3.1
4.0
3.6
2.2
5.4
7.9
6.7
6.7
3.9
5.4
9.2
4.2
6.1
4.9
6.9
5.8
6.2
5.1
8.0
5.5
8.1
10.6
13.0
4.6
5.6
8.9
5.3
5.3
7.2
6.1
7.5
5.6
4.1
5.5
5.5
7.5
5.7
3.1
8.4
3.2
5.3
5.6
6.1
7.5
4.2
4.8
4.3
4.5
5.7
4.5
22.9
20.4
19.1
20.2
20.9
21.7
21.4
20.2
18.6
21.9
21.7
17.3
18.8
21.2
20.3
19.4
17.1
19.9
22.2
18.9
21.4
19.2
22.6
19.2
19.4
19.3
17.4
21.4
20.6
18.0
20.3
23.7
20.0
22.2
21.5
21.8
20.2
21.9
21.9
21.6
21.1
18.3
13.6
19.4
26.9
13.7
4.4
7.7
8.4
4.7
6.8
9.0
7.4
3.2
7.5
5.7
9.7
11.5
6.8
8.1
7.1
4.6
6.9
8.9
8.7
7.3
8.3
9.2
4.5
11.4
8.0
7.5
8.2
5.4
7.9
8.6
8.3
6.1
6.1
6.9
5.2
4.3
5.8
6.9
7.6
5.3
5.4
6.4
4.0
6.2
7.5
7.3
24.5
24.0
27.2
27.6
28.0
23.9
24.2
23.9
27.4
26.3
30.3
25.3
23.2
30.9
26.8
26.2
25.5
25.9
27.4
24.9
26.3
25.4
26.6
29.6
28.0
22.4
23.2
24.5
24.6
31.7
25.7
29.4
24.1
25.5
22.8
24.0
26.3
28.8
24.0
27.1
25.3
32.0
28.1
25.8
25.2
33.7
16.5
10.6
9.3
9.2
10.4
16.4
8.5
13.0
14.9
8.2
10.8
10.3
9.8
8.2
12.7
10.2
12.4
10.3
9.7
10.0
12.8
17.2
13.5
13.9
11.8
18.3
14.1
19.8
10.6
10.7
10.7
9.7
11.7
11.2
13.4
13.7
20.9
8.8
15.2
16.5
14.4
8.3
9.7
12.1
12.2
21.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
76.2
83.4
90.6
82.4
85.7
69.6
86.6
85.0
7.1
4.3
5.2
8.0
14.3
2.0
10.2
4.6
4.8
17.4
20.8
15.0
10.7
3.9
14.0
12.5
2.4
10.4
14.6
9.4
7.1
(5)
7.9
6.1
2.4
6.9
6.3
5.6
3.6
3.9
6.1
6.4
2.4
4.6
4.2
5.4
12.5
3.9
6.6
3.9
26.2
17.4
29.2
20.9
30.4
8.8
17.7
25.7
8.3
8.4
7.3
9.4
3.6
4.9
5.9
7.1
26.2
31.3
24.0
23.2
16.1
46.1
28.8
31.4
14.3
10.0
6.3
9.2
12.5
22.5
5.5
9.6
Cities:
Baltimore central city ......................................
Chicago central city ........................................
Cleveland central city .....................................
Dallas central city ...........................................
Detroit central city ...........................................
District of Columbia ........................................
Houston central city ........................................
Indianapolis central city ..................................
See footnotes at end of table.
131
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
White–Continued
Cities:–Continued
Los Angeles central city ..................................
Milwaukee central city ....................................
New York central city ......................................
Philadelphia central city ..................................
Phoenix central city ........................................
St. Louis central city .......................................
San Antonio central city ..................................
San Diego central city .....................................
San Francisco central city ..............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
81.6
80.0
79.3
82.0
84.1
89.9
78.7
74.6
80.0
6.1
3.0
3.9
4.4
10.8
7.9
7.9
3.3
4.1
18.5
18.8
9.3
9.6
12.8
14.6
7.9
9.7
9.3
8.7
13.9
3.0
4.1
9.2
6.7
4.9
7.3
2.4
9.7
4.8
6.3
5.5
3.6
6.7
3.0
2.7
6.9
4.9
7.3
5.7
6.4
5.6
6.7
6.7
4.4
5.2
20.3
15.2
19.6
17.7
21.4
22.5
22.9
22.6
18.3
4.1
7.3
11.5
7.6
7.2
6.7
6.0
6.9
6.6
27.8
28.5
29.4
36.6
26.1
32.6
26.9
27.7
36.9
6.8
18.2
13.6
12.8
10.3
7.9
15.7
14.4
6.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.6
67.4
80.4
79.8
72.1
84.8
77.1
86.0
79.9
72.5
80.9
79.7
76.7
79.7
83.3
87.9
76.5
76.9
75.8
67.1
83.3
81.6
75.6
69.7
81.7
74.1
75.2
73.7
77.5
64.2
63.2
67.8
96.6
78.8
79.6
85.2
64.5
85.7
64.0
69.8
65.8
74.4
83.3
2.4
3.3
2.2
(5)
(5)
4.3
1.8
3.2
2.6
1.0
2.0
1.6
4.7
1.9
5.7
3.4
3.0
(5)
4.4
2.2
(5)
2.4
6.4
(5)
1.7
2.5
4.7
3.2
1.5
2.9
1.6
1.7
(5)
2.7
(5)
1.9
3.2
(5)
5.4
(5)
(5)
2.8
(5)
13.1
8.7
17.4
13.5
18.6
21.3
13.8
16.1
14.3
10.8
12.5
21.9
7.0
20.5
6.3
15.5
7.4
7.7
8.8
9.7
14.6
9.4
7.1
17.1
13.3
12.3
9.3
5.3
9.4
10.4
4.8
15.3
13.8
7.2
13.0
14.8
9.7
19.0
5.4
17.0
10.5
6.7
16.7
5.8
4.8
4.3
10.1
9.3
6.7
7.6
8.6
11.7
3.9
6.6
18.8
4.7
17.5
4.6
8.6
2.7
5.1
4.4
5.3
8.3
3.7
2.6
10.5
8.3
6.2
1.4
1.8
4.9
7.5
2.4
11.9
10.3
2.7
7.4
5.6
3.2
14.3
2.7
11.3
10.5
2.2
16.7
7.3
3.9
13.0
3.4
7.0
14.6
6.1
7.5
2.6
6.9
5.9
3.1
2.3
3.0
1.7
5.2
4.8
2.6
4.4
4.3
6.3
5.7
4.5
6.6
6.7
6.2
7.5
3.6
4.9
2.9
2.4
3.4
3.4
4.5
5.6
9.3
6.5
4.8
2.7
5.7
(5)
4.4
(5)
12.6
4.5
6.5
4.5
2.3
7.3
9.8
11.8
7.1
4.9
8.7
6.3
7.0
4.7
9.2
3.4
11.3
3.8
7.7
8.2
10.4
14.7
8.3
1.3
10.0
7.4
6.5
8.0
9.7
2.9
5.6
3.4
13.8
4.8
7.4
5.6
6.5
(5)
7.2
3.8
7.9
7.8
16.7
20.1
17.4
13.0
12.4
7.0
19.5
15.1
17.2
14.9
20.6
18.6
18.8
20.9
17.5
23.6
17.2
23.8
25.6
17.6
11.8
16.7
16.7
22.4
17.1
21.7
16.0
22.9
13.1
16.1
16.2
16.0
16.9
31.0
19.4
22.2
14.8
16.1
14.3
13.5
18.9
7.9
15.6
16.7
6.1
6.3
8.7
7.9
9.3
6.1
7.5
8.6
5.8
8.8
9.4
3.1
9.3
5.5
8.6
10.3
3.9
9.0
8.8
6.0
6.3
6.9
3.8
5.3
8.3
6.2
3.7
8.7
8.6
5.2
4.8
1.7
(5)
7.2
7.4
13.0
16.1
14.3
3.6
3.8
13.2
6.1
(5)
25.3
27.2
30.4
41.6
34.9
26.2
29.1
30.1
34.4
26.5
29.8
29.7
27.9
29.3
29.3
39.7
25.6
30.8
28.6
29.0
33.3
31.4
26.3
27.6
28.3
29.6
27.6
35.3
31.8
27.2
30.4
30.5
34.5
37.6
27.8
35.2
12.9
33.3
29.7
24.5
28.9
35.6
16.7
16.5
29.3
17.4
15.7
27.9
12.2
20.6
10.8
14.9
17.6
15.0
14.1
20.9
16.7
13.8
12.1
17.0
20.5
23.1
26.1
16.7
16.7
18.6
22.4
15.0
24.7
17.8
22.8
20.2
30.6
27.2
30.5
3.4
17.9
20.4
11.1
19.4
9.5
32.4
24.5
31.6
23.3
16.7
Black
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ....................................................
Baltimore PMSA .............................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA ...................................
Boston PMSA .................................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA .............................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .................
Chicago PMSA ...............................................
Cincinnati PMSA .............................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .......................
Columbus, Ohio MSA .....................................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................
Dayton-Springfield MSA .................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .....................
Detroit PMSA ..................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA ...................................
Hartford MSA ..................................................
Houston PMSA ...............................................
Indianapolis MSA ............................................
Kansas City MSA ............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ....................
Louisville MSA ................................................
Memphis MSA ................................................
Miami PMSA ...................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..............................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ....................................
New Orleans MSA ..........................................
New York PMSA .............................................
Newark PMSA ................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA ..
Oakland PMSA ...............................................
Oklahoma City MSA .......................................
Orange County PMSA ....................................
Philadelphia PMSA .........................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...............................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .............................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..............
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ...................
Rochester MSA ..............................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................
St. Louis MSA4 ...............................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .............................
See footnotes at end of table.
132
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
Black–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
San Antonio MSA ...........................................
San Diego MSA ..............................................
San Francisco PMSA .....................................
San Jose PMSA .............................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ......................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA .........
Washington D.C. PMSA .................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.9
80.6
78.8
73.9
81.6
82.5
63.7
2.0
6.5
1.9
(5)
2.0
6.1
2.8
9.8
4.8
(5)
26.1
16.3
13.2
4.2
(5)
4.8
(5)
26.1
14.3
8.8
1.8
9.8
(5)
(5)
(5)
2.0
4.4
2.5
3.9
8.1
15.4
(5)
14.3
7.0
8.6
15.7
19.4
17.3
8.7
18.4
18.4
15.9
2.0
9.7
1.9
4.3
4.1
10.5
6.0
25.5
32.3
40.4
34.8
26.5
27.2
26.3
33.3
17.7
19.2
26.1
16.3
16.7
34.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.9
74.9
82.9
82.6
78.2
64.4
79.8
76.0
69.1
69.4
73.6
76.8
86.7
67.6
55.6
85.7
75.6
3.2
1.4
3.9
2.7
2.2
3.0
3.1
(5)
2.7
(5)
3.5
2.9
(5)
(5)
2.8
4.8
2.4
4.8
11.7
11.8
10.1
20.0
1.5
7.2
5.3
8.5
16.7
4.6
4.8
13.3
2.8
13.9
4.8
(5)
1.1
5.7
10.5
4.0
16.7
(5)
3.1
1.3
4.8
11.1
1.3
1.0
6.7
(5)
(5)
4.8
(5)
3.2
6.0
2.6
6.0
3.3
.7
3.6
2.7
4.3
5.6
3.3
3.9
3.3
2.8
13.9
(5)
(5)
2.7
8.4
3.9
6.7
4.4
5.9
11.2
4.0
8.0
1.4
8.0
6.3
6.7
8.5
2.8
7.1
17.1
18.7
16.1
19.7
19.5
17.1
12.3
24.2
26.7
12.2
18.1
13.3
15.9
23.3
14.1
16.7
19.0
17.1
7.0
6.8
6.6
10.7
5.8
3.7
2.7
9.3
5.9
5.6
9.1
7.7
3.3
9.9
2.8
7.1
2.4
31.6
30.5
35.5
32.2
28.7
37.0
31.8
30.7
31.4
27.8
35.1
39.6
40.0
32.4
16.7
40.5
36.6
28.3
22.9
11.8
13.4
17.8
29.6
13.5
21.3
21.8
23.6
23.1
19.8
13.3
28.2
33.3
14.3
24.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.4
71.4
88.2
93.2
90.0
91.7
92.6
89.0
76.4
96.7
89.1
82.7
90.4
94.4
85.9
87.7
91.3
93.5
87.0
93.8
83.9
85.9
81.8
82.1
85.2
30.8
(5)
3.9
2.7
10.0
6.2
7.4
11.4
9.3
8.2
5.5
1.9
18.9
5.6
6.3
5.9
(5)
(5)
3.7
9.4
4.4
5.1
(5)
10.7
7.4
11.5
9.5
34.2
12.3
30.0
33.1
29.6
22.9
10.6
21.3
11.7
28.8
18.2
19.4
24.9
9.9
52.2
13.0
28.7
6.3
11.5
21.2
18.2
15.5
14.8
9.6
9.5
11.8
6.8
(5)
19.7
22.2
14.0
4.3
19.7
9.4
21.2
11.0
11.1
12.2
4.9
21.7
6.5
19.4
6.3
3.5
8.1
4.5
11.9
7.4
1.9
(5)
21.1
5.5
30.0
13.5
7.4
8.9
6.2
1.6
2.3
7.7
7.2
5.6
12.7
5.0
30.4
6.5
9.3
(5)
8.0
13.1
13.6
3.6
3.7
7.7
(5)
9.2
2.7
20.0
3.6
3.7
5.9
6.2
3.3
10.9
3.8
6.3
8.3
5.7
14.3
(5)
2.2
8.3
9.4
5.2
9.1
(5)
8.3
(5)
17.3
14.3
17.1
32.9
10.0
23.7
25.9
24.3
21.7
39.3
18.8
23.1
21.7
41.7
23.3
23.0
13.0
39.1
20.4
37.5
28.0
23.2
22.7
26.2
33.3
5.8
4.8
5.3
4.1
(5)
4.7
3.7
5.3
5.6
4.9
9.4
5.8
4.4
2.8
3.4
8.7
4.3
8.7
6.5
9.4
8.5
5.1
(5)
2.4
(5)
19.2
42.9
19.7
39.7
20.0
20.3
22.2
19.0
22.4
18.0
32.8
21.2
18.6
19.4
22.3
26.1
21.7
30.4
18.5
21.9
26.2
21.2
45.5
17.9
29.6
5.8
28.6
10.5
4.1
10.0
5.6
7.4
6.2
18.6
3.3
6.3
13.5
5.6
2.8
8.3
7.0
(5)
4.3
12.0
3.1
11.7
11.1
13.6
9.5
11.1
Cities:
Baltimore central city ......................................
Chicago central city ........................................
Cleveland central city .....................................
Dallas central city ...........................................
Detroit central city ...........................................
District of Columbia ........................................
Houston central city ........................................
Indianapolis central city ..................................
Los Angeles central city ..................................
Milwaukee central city ....................................
New York central city ......................................
Philadelphia central city ..................................
Phoenix central city ........................................
St. Louis central city .......................................
San Antonio central city ..................................
San Diego central city .....................................
San Francisco central city ..............................
Hispanic origin
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ....................................................
Baltimore PMSA .............................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA ...................................
Boston PMSA .................................................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .................
Chicago PMSA ...............................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .......................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .....................
Detroit PMSA ..................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA ...................................
Hartford MSA ..................................................
Houston PMSA ...............................................
Kansas City MSA ............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ....................
Miami PMSA ...................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..............................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ....................................
New Orleans MSA ..........................................
New York PMSA .............................................
Newark PMSA ................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA ..
Oakland PMSA ...............................................
Oklahoma City MSA .......................................
See footnotes at end of table.
133
Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Population group and area
Total
employed1
Total2
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
Governinsurance,
ment
Services3
and real
estate
Hispanic origin–Continued
Metropolitan areas:–Continued
Orange County PMSA ....................................
Philadelphia PMSA .........................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...............................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .............................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..............
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ...................
Rochester MSA ..............................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .............................
San Antonio MSA ...........................................
San Diego MSA ..............................................
San Francisco PMSA .....................................
San Jose PMSA .............................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ......................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA .........
Washington D.C. PMSA .................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.9
88.6
88.2
80.0
91.1
93.1
79.9
75.0
74.2
87.2
77.1
74.2
88.0
86.1
86.4
90.7
84.5
6.6
10.0
15.5
(5)
8.9
(5)
6.7
8.3
2.2
14.9
7.6
4.7
7.5
7.0
13.6
10.2
17.4
26.6
20.0
16.6
(5)
26.7
41.4
19.1
41.7
8.6
17.0
8.2
12.7
18.8
26.2
9.1
13.0
2.5
16.4
11.4
10.7
(5)
20.0
31.0
14.6
16.7
3.2
12.8
4.5
8.1
9.0
21.4
4.5
7.4
.6
10.2
10.0
6.3
(5)
4.4
13.8
4.5
16.7
5.4
4.3
3.7
4.2
9.8
4.8
4.5
5.6
1.9
3.3
4.3
5.2
10.0
2.2
(5)
7.6
8.3
6.5
6.4
6.8
4.2
7.5
2.7
4.5
6.5
3.7
22.6
30.0
22.1
20.0
22.2
13.8
21.3
16.7
25.8
23.4
23.2
27.5
25.6
21.4
36.4
38.0
26.7
4.3
(5)
5.2
10.0
(5)
6.9
2.9
(5)
2.2
6.4
5.6
5.9
4.5
3.2
4.5
3.7
6.8
24.6
22.9
23.6
30.0
28.9
27.6
22.9
8.3
28.0
19.1
25.1
19.5
24.8
25.7
20.5
20.4
28.0
6.9
8.6
7.0
10.0
6.7
(5)
13.1
8.3
23.7
6.4
17.5
14.8
7.5
9.6
9.1
6.5
11.8
Cities:
Chicago central city ........................................
Cleveland central city .....................................
Dallas central city ...........................................
Detroit central city ...........................................
District of Columbia ........................................
Houston central city ........................................
Los Angeles central city ..................................
Milwaukee central city ....................................
New York central city ......................................
Philadelphia central city ..................................
Phoenix central city ........................................
San Antonio central city ..................................
San Diego central city .....................................
San Francisco central city ..............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
91.1
100.0
91.7
100.0
81.3
93.6
87.8
100.0
83.9
85.7
88.9
78.9
71.5
88.7
5.9
8.3
14.6
36.4
6.3
18.5
8.9
(5)
4.3
19.0
16.4
7.9
4.1
5.6
33.5
25.0
22.9
9.1
(5)
15.9
25.5
61.5
11.7
14.3
16.4
8.2
8.9
12.7
18.6
16.7
13.4
9.1
(5)
10.7
10.5
38.5
3.5
9.5
11.1
4.7
4.9
5.6
14.4
8.3
8.9
(5)
(5)
5.2
14.9
23.1
8.3
9.5
5.3
3.6
3.3
8.5
3.0
(5)
4.5
(5)
6.3
7.7
5.1
(5)
5.4
4.8
4.1
7.2
4.9
12.7
24.2
50.0
27.4
36.4
25.0
21.5
24.1
7.7
28.3
19.0
22.2
25.1
26.0
23.9
4.7
8.3
7.0
(5)
6.3
6.0
3.2
(5)
8.5
(5)
4.7
5.7
7.3
4.2
19.9
16.7
15.9
9.1
27.5
21.0
21.0
30.8
25.6
23.8
25.1
24.7
20.3
29.6
5.9
(5)
5.7
(5)
12.5
2.6
5.8
(5)
12.1
9.5
5.8
16.8
15.4
8.5
1
2
3
4
Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining.
Includes mining.
Excludes private household workers.
Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget
definition. See appendix C.
5 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total
employed.
NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not
meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on
the sample in that area. See appendix B. Detail may not add to totals
because of rounding.
134
Table 27. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry1, 1998 annual
averages
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Area
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
2.1
5.7
3.1
2.6
1.9
2.8
3.5
3.1
2.6
1.9
3.2
5.5
3.2
3.7
5.1
1.4
3.0
.2
4.6
6.8
4.2
(5)
4.5
1.5
1.9
2.1
3.5
7.7
3.0
1.7
2.9
2.6
3.3
3.0
2.3
3.1
4.3
5.5
6.7
3.7
10.4
4.2
2.9
5.5
4.8
3.0
3.7
2.1
5.0
3.5
1.3
5.4
(5)
2.0
1.6
(5)
2.7
2.7
2.6
.9
3.0
4.4
2.8
3.6
4.2
(5)
2.5
(5)
(5)
5.7
(5)
(5)
3.2
1.1
2.0
(5)
(5)
7.9
2.3
2.5
3.8
2.4
3.3
3.2
2.3
3.8
3.7
5.1
5.2
3.1
(5)
4.7
3.0
(5)
4.6
(5)
3.6
2.0
6.2
(5)
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
3.4
6.6
3.9
4.4
3.5
3.9
6.0
4.2
2.9
5.5
5.9
5.4
4.6
4.3
6.4
1.8
5.4
6.3
3.7
7.6
7.1
5.0
7.9
6.2
3.1
3.4
5.3
8.9
6.8
7.1
4.5
6.1
5.1
6.2
4.5
4.1
5.0
5.5
9.2
6.0
7.9
5.7
5.0
7.5
6.8
4.3
4.4
4.8
4.3
6.4
2.2
5.2
2.1
1.4
(5)
(5)
2.3
(5)
1.4
2.0
3.2
(5)
2.5
1.8
3.7
(5)
1.3
(5)
2.3
3.5
(5)
(5)
3.0
(5)
.5
1.7
(5)
3.9
3.3
(5)
4.8
(5)
3.7
2.5
2.2
2.7
4.1
1.0
1.9
(5)
3.3
1.4
1.5
(5)
.4
(5)
(5)
(5)
1.5
2.9
3.3
6.2
4.3
2.8
3.6
4.5
4.3
3.3
2.7
4.0
4.2
4.4
3.3
3.5
3.2
1.7
5.6
2.0
3.9
6.2
3.1
4.5
6.0
3.7
2.0
3.3
4.5
7.1
4.0
7.5
5.3
4.9
2.9
4.9
3.8
4.2
4.9
5.1
7.6
3.7
4.5
4.9
3.9
5.5
6.0
3.2
4.1
3.0
5.3
3.0
Government
Metropolitan areas:
Atlanta MSA ....................................................
Baltimore PMSA .............................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA ...................................
Boston PMSA .................................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA .............................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .................
Chicago PMSA ...............................................
Cincinnati PMSA .............................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA .......................
Columbus, Ohio MSA .....................................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................
Dayton-Springfield MSA .................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .....................
Detroit PMSA ..................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA ...................................
Hartford MSA ..................................................
Houston PMSA ...............................................
Indianapolis MSA ............................................
Kansas City MSA ............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ....................
Louisville MSA ................................................
Memphis MSA ................................................
Miami PMSA ...................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..............................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ....................................
New Orleans MSA ..........................................
New York PMSA .............................................
Newark PMSA ................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA ..
Oakland PMSA ...............................................
Oklahoma City MSA .......................................
Orange County PMSA ....................................
Philadelphia PMSA .........................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...............................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .............................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..............
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ...................
Rochester MSA ..............................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................
St. Louis MSA6 ...............................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .............................
San Antonio MSA ...........................................
San Diego MSA ..............................................
San Francisco PMSA .....................................
San Jose PMSA .............................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ......................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA .........
Washington D.C. PMSA .................................
2.8
5.1
3.5
2.9
3.2
3.3
4.2
3.4
2.6
3.4
3.8
4.9
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.3
3.9
3.1
3.1
5.7
3.6
3.7
5.7
3.1
1.9
2.5
4.0
6.7
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.6
3.4
4.3
3.2
3.8
4.6
4.7
6.6
4.3
5.2
4.3
3.7
5.0
5.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.4
3.2
2.9
6.1
3.7
3.1
3.3
3.7
4.6
3.7
3.0
3.9
4.2
5.1
3.4
3.7
4.4
2.5
4.4
3.4
3.5
6.4
4.1
4.2
6.3
3.6
2.2
2.8
4.9
7.3
4.5
5.2
4.9
4.6
3.8
4.8
3.4
4.1
5.1
5.3
7.5
4.4
6.5
4.8
3.9
6.0
6.1
3.6
3.9
3.6
4.8
3.8
4.3
7.1
(5)
5.7
(5)
(5)
7.2
(5)
(5)
(5)
1.8
(5)
2.2
5.1
4.4
(5)
5.6
(5)
(5)
7.8
(5)
(5)
8.5
(5)
(5)
4.2
(5)
12.3
7.4
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
7.9
3.4
(5)
7.0
10.1
9.3
(5)
(5)
7.8
5.4
5.0
12.6
(5)
(5)
(5)
6.9
3.1
See footnotes at end of table.
135
3.2
(5)
4.1
3.7
(5)
2.1
4.5
3.5
(5)
(5)
3.5
(5)
3.8
4.0
(5)
(5)
3.6
(5)
(5)
8.1
(5)
(5)
5.4
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
7.6
3.6
(5)
(5)
(5)
3.5
2.9
2.2
(5)
5.8
6.1
10.2
(5)
(5)
3.6
2.4
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
1.5
4.6
(5)
2.2
(5)
(5)
5.1
(5)
(5)
(5)
4.1
(5)
3.8
3.1
3.1
(5)
2.6
(5)
1.9
3.7
(5)
1.6
6.0
(5)
(5)
1.2
(5)
5.6
2.9
(5)
3.1
(5)
(5)
4.9
1.4
3.2
7.6
6.5
6.3
(5)
(5)
3.2
3.3
5.7
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5.4
2.7
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.5
3.3
.9
1.5
1.5
.5
1.6
2.1
4.5
1.8
1.6
1.6
(5)
.8
(5)
1.1
2.5
.9
1.7
2.9
.6
.5
1.1
.4
4.4
3.0
.8
1.1
.9
2.1
2.5
2.0
2.3
3.2
1.3
3.2
3.7
2.6
1.5
3.0
1.9
2.3
2.5
.4
2.9
3.0
1.7
Table 27. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry1, 1998 annual
averages — Continued
Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers
Manufacturing
Area
Total2
Total3
Construction
Total
Durable
goods
(5)
7.3
6.0
4.1
6.4
4.5
4.3
(5)
8.5
4.3
8.0
8.4
4.2
(5)
5.2
3.5
(5)
(5)
5.7
(5)
(5)
4.9
(5)
3.2
(5)
6.1
2.5
7.7
(5)
4.3
(5)
(5)
4.6
(5)
Transportation,
communicaNontions,
durable
and
goods
public
utilities
Trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Services4
13.8
9.9
4.0
6.5
9.9
15.5
7.9
6.1
7.8
15.1
9.4
11.3
5.4
11.1
7.7
5.6
5.5
6.2
3.4
(5)
(5)
(5)
11.8
3.4
(5)
3.5
(5)
4.4
2.1
4.4
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
12.0
6.3
5.6
4.7
9.2
6.2
6.5
2.5
7.0
7.7
7.8
7.7
4.1
5.7
4.9
6.0
4.3
Government
Cities:
Baltimore central city ......................................
Chicago central city ........................................
Cleveland central city .....................................
Dallas central city ...........................................
Detroit central city ...........................................
District of Columbia ........................................
Houston central city ........................................
Indianapolis central city ..................................
Los Angeles central city ..................................
Milwaukee central city ....................................
New York central city ......................................
Philadelphia central city ..................................
Phoenix central city ........................................
St. Louis central city .......................................
San Antonio central city ..................................
San Diego central city .....................................
San Francisco central city ..............................
1
2
3
4
5
11.4
6.5
5.8
3.9
7.1
8.2
5.7
3.9
6.7
6.4
7.2
7.3
4.1
8.1
5.4
4.4
3.6
13.7
7.4
6.6
4.5
8.3
9.3
6.1
4.3
7.2
8.1
7.8
8.1
4.3
9.1
6.4
5.1
4.0
(5)
11.0
(5)
(5)
(5)
23.5
7.0
(5)
7.4
(5)
13.6
(5)
4.5
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
Excludes persons with no previous work experience.
Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining.
Includes mining.
Excludes private household workers.
Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS
(5)
9.2
(5)
(5)
(5)
4.6
5.7
(5)
10.6
(5)
8.1
9.3
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
9.0
(5)
(5)
(5)
9.5
3.4
(5)
4.3
(5)
5.2
8.7
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
6.2
1.8
(5)
1.1
1.3
5.6
2.1
(5)
4.1
.6
4.6
4.4
2.4
3.9
2.0
2.4
(5)
publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the
sample in that area. See appendix B.
6 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget
definition. See appendix C.
136
Appendix A.
Concepts and Definitions
for Data Derived from the
Current Population Survey
T
ables showing labor force status include provisional estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years
and over as well as data on the civilian labor force, labor
force participation rates, and unemployment rates. Population estimates are revised by the Bureau of the Census each
year, and the revised estimates are incorporated into the CPS
labor force levels. This adjustment affects the estimates of
labor force, employment, and unemployment but does not
affect percentages such as unemployment rates, participation
rates, or employment-population ratios. Thus, levels contained in this publication may not be comparable to levels
published in earlier (or subsequent) Geographic Profiles.
The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data
in use as of January 1994 are as follows:
as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on
layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of
full weeks they had been on layoff.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they
began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are
divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of
(a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date
to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months
(persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify as
unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work;
(2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated
their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs (included along with job losers in this publication), who began
looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the labor force
prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New entrants,
persons who never worked.
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g.,
penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged) and who are
not on active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference
week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession or on their
own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in
an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b)
were not working but had jobs or businesses from which they
were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad
weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave,
labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or
personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time
off or were seeking other jobs.
Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as
employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force.
Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force.
Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the reference week, were available for work, except
for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find
employment some time during the 4 week period ending with
the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled
to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been
looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Occupation and industry. This information for the employed
applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with
two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked
the greatest number of hours. The unemployed are classified
according to their last job. The occupational and industrial
classification of CPS data is based on the coding systems used
in the 1990 census.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of time
(through the current reference week) that persons classified
137
Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number of
hours worked during the reference week. For example, persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the
Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32
hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the
number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the
hours are credited to the major job.
therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category, “with
a job but not at work.” These are persons who were absent
from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons as bad
weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave,
vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute. In order
to differentiate a person’s normal schedule from their activity
during the reference week, persons are also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context,
full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 hours or
more (at all jobs combined). This group will include some
individuals who worked less than 35 hours in the reference
week for either economic or noneconomic reasons and those
who are temporarily absent from work. Similarly, part-time
workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per
week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked
in the reference week. This may include some individuals
who actually worked more than 34 hours in the reference week,
as well as those who are temporarily absent from work.
At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred
to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals
who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work
or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time
work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually
work part time must also indicate that they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons.
At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were at
work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example:
Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or
other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and being in a
job where full-time work is less than 35 hours. The group
also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually
working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not want to work full
time or were unavailable for such work.
White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe the
race of persons. Included in the “other” group are American
Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders.
Because of the relatively small sample size in most areas,
data for “other” races are not published. In the enumeration
process, race is determined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the survey enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto
Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be
of any race; thus, they are included in both the white and
black population groups.
Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons “at work”
exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job and
138
Appendix B.
Sampling and Estimation
Procedures and Sampling
Error Tables
T
he estimates presented in this bulletin are based on annual averages of monthly data obtained from the CPS, a
sample survey of the civilian noninstitutional population. The
survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census
for BLS, and provides comprehensive data on the labor force,
employed, and unemployed, including such characteristics as
age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, occupation, and industry. The
survey also provides data on the characteristics of those not
in the labor force.
Each month, trained interviewers collect information from
a scientifically-selected sample (about 50,000 occupied housing units), designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional
population. Selected respondents are interviewed to obtain
information about the employment status of each household
member 16 years of age and over. The “reference week” is
the calendar week (Sunday through Saturday) which includes
the 12th of the month. Actual field interviewing is conducted
during the following week, which is known as the “survey”
week.
Within each of the selected PSUs, the number of households to be enumerated each month is determined in two steps.
First, a sample of census enumeration districts (EDs) is selected using the population size probability selection procedure. EDs are administrative units and contain, on average,
about 300 households. Second, clusters of approximately four
addresses (contiguous wherever possible) are selected to be
enumerated within each designated ED.
Part of the sample is changed, or rotated, each month.
A given rotation group is in the sample for 4 consecutive
months, leaves the sample during the following 8 months,
and then returns for another 4 consecutive months. A primary reason for rotating the sample is to minimize the lack of
cooperation which may result from interviewing a constant
panel indefinitely. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths
of the sample to be identical from one month to the next and
one-half to be identical with the same month a year earlier.
Estimating methods
Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and
are based on returns from the entire sample of respondents.
The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from
each sample person by the inverse of the probability of the
person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of
the number of actual persons that each sample person represents. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below),
the selection probabilities are adjusted for noninterviews and
survey undercoverage; data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation
procedure.
Sampling procedures
The 1998 sample encompasses 754 sample areas, with coverage in every State and the District of Columbia. It is based
to a large extent on information about the distribution of the
population as reported in the 1990 decennial census. (A redesigned 1990 census-based sample was phased in during
the April 1994 through July 1995 period.) These areas were
selected by dividing the entire area of the United States into
2,007 primary sampling units (PSUs). With some minor exceptions, a PSU consists of a county or number of contiguous
counties. Most metropolitan areas constitute separate PSUs.
To improve the efficiency of the sample, the 2,007 PSUs
are grouped into strata within each State. Then, one PSU is
selected from each stratum, with the probability of selection
proportionate to the relative population size of the PSU. PSUs
in strata by themselves are called “self-representing” and are
generally the most populous in each State. Other strata are
formed by combining PSUs that are similar in such characteristics as population growth, proportion of blacks and Hispanics, occupation/industry, and age/sex distribution. PSUs
selected from these strata are “non-self-representing,” since
each one chosen represents the entire stratum.
1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed
households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for
occupied sample households for which no information was
obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or
unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This
noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of
similar sample areas that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on
metropolitan area status and size. Within each cluster, there
is a further breakdown by residence. The proportion of sample
139
households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending upon a number of factors, including weather and
vacations.
tion Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to
January 1994, the projections were based on earlier censuses,
and there was no correction for census undercount.
2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from
that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as:
age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation
and other principal measurements made from the sample, the
survey estimates can be substantially improved when weighted
appropriately by the known distribution of these population
characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of
ratio adjustment, as follows:
3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists of a
weighted average of two factors: (1) the second-stage ratio
estimate based on the entire sample from the current month
and (2) the composite estimate for the previous month, plus
an estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six
rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias
adjustment term is added to the weighted average to account
for relative bias associated with month-in-sample estimates.
The compositing procedure results in a reduction in sampling
error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages of
ratio adjustment.
a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather than
drawing sample households from every PSU in the Nation.
This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two race cells:
Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs that are nonself-representing and for those States that have a substantial
number of black households. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the time of the 1990
census between the race distribution of the population in
sample PSUs and the race distribution of all non-self-representing PSUs.
Reliability of the estimates
The estimates in this bulletin are based upon a sample of the
population rather than a complete count. Therefore, they may
differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it had
been possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures as are used in the CPS. There are two
types of errors in an estimate based on a sample survey—
sampling and nonsampling. The sampling error tables provided later in this appendix indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some
nonsampling errors in response and enumeration, but do not
measure any systematic biases in the data.
b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects, to
some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample
weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates
of population match independent population controls. Three
sets of controls are used:
Sampling variability. The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variation that occurs
by chance because a sample rather than the entire population
is surveyed. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, that is, ranges that
would include the average result of all possible samples with
a known probability. For example, if all possible samples
were selected, each of these samples were surveyed under
essentially the same conditions using the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated standard error were
calculated from each sample, then the following would occur:
1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals
from one standard error below the estimate
to one standard error above the estimate
would include the average result of all possible samples.
2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals
from 1.6 standard errors below the estimate
to 1.6 standard errors above the estimate
would include the average result of all possible samples.
3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals
from two standard errors below the esti-
1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and older,
2) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic
age-sex categories, and
3) National civilian noninstitutional population
controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 “other”
age-sex categories.
The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on April
1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic
census data with information from a variety of other data
sources that account for births, deaths, and net migration.
Subtracting estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduces the resident population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates
of net census undercount, determined from the Post Enumera-
140
mate to two standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of
all possible samples.
of the sampling error rather than the precise amount of the
possible error in an estimate. Illustrations on the use of these
tables are provided below. In all cases, the computations
present the estimated levels in thousands of persons.
The error of a sample estimate varies inversely with the
size of the sample and directly with the size of the estimate.
Hence, an estimate for a subgroup constituting a small proportion of a population will tend to have a larger error relative to its size than an estimate for a larger subgroup.
Sampling error of an estimated number. Table B-5 shows
that an estimate of 50,000 unemployed persons in Maryland
will have an absolute sampling error of 10,000, or a relative
sampling error of 20 percent (10,000/50,000). In comparison, an estimate of 100,000 unemployed persons in Maryland has an absolute sampling error of 14,000, yielding a relative sampling error of 14 percent (14,000/100,000). A statement that unemployment in Maryland is between 40,000 and
60,000 in the first instance, and between 86,000 and 114,000
in the second, can be made with approximately 90-percent
confidence.
This can be interpreted as follows: If one were to draw all
possible samples and make an estimate from each sample
(using the same methods and techniques) and construct an
interval around each estimate (using the sampling errors shown
in the tables), then 90 percent of these intervals would contain the average value of all possible samples.
To convert a sampling error from 90-percent confidence,
as displayed in the tables, to 68-percent confidence (one standard error), multiply the sampling error shown in the tables
by 0.63. To convert the sampling error from 90- to 95-percent confidence (approximately two standard errors) multiply the sampling error by 1.23. For the example given above,
the sampling error at 90-percent confidence was 10,000. At
68-percent confidence, the error would be about 6,300 (10,000
x 0.63). At 95-percent confidence, the error would be about
12,300 (10,000 x 1.23).
Reliability standards
The CPS sample design takes into consideration both national
and State reliability. For the State data, a minimum reliability standard is set: An expected maximum coefficient of variation (CV) on the level of total unemployment of 8 percent
annually. This is calculated based on a 6-percent unemployment rate. Because each State’s design must meet the reliability standard, the CPS sampling rate differs by State. (The
sampling rate is the proportion of all households that are selected for the sample.) Generally, the smaller the State population, the higher the sampling rate. The average State sampling rates range roughly from 1 in every 200 households to 1
in every 2,500 households in each stratum within the State.
Publication standards for State and area CPS data
To achieve comparability of the data for regions, divisions,
States, metropolitan areas, and cities for publication purposes,
a unique requirement for minimum labor force, employment,
or unemployment was developed for each area. This requirement is based on the known differences in sampling rates
among these areas. Before estimates are published for a specific category (e.g., Hispanic unemployment in a particular
State), a predetermined “critical cell” must meet a 50-percent CV requirement. As a result of this requirement, minimum bases for publication have been developed for each area.
Table B-1 lists the minimum necessary base for publication
of data in each of the regions, divisions, States, the District of
Columbia, metropolitan areas, and cities appearing in this
bulletin.
Estimates are not shown when they do not meet the minimum base for the State or area listed in table B-1. In tables
showing the labor force status of the population, the critical
cell is the size of the labor force of the particular population
group. In all other tables, the determining factor or critical
cell is the size of the base of the distribution, for example, the
size of total employment or unemployment for that area or
population subgroup. Data are not published for any cell with
a level of fewer than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent of
the total for a given characteristic.
Sampling error of a difference. To compute the error of a
difference from the tables, an additional step is required. If,
for instance, one wishes to know whether a change in the
unemployment rate from one year to the next in a particular
area for a particular population group is statistically significant, or whether the difference in the unemployment rate between two areas or population groups is statistically meaningful, the significance of the difference needs to be computed. (Differences between estimates for 2 consecutive years
may be influenced to some extent by the redesign of the CPS
concepts, questionnaire, and collection procedures, such as
that which occurred in 1994.)
As noted above, differences can take two general forms:
(1) differences between population groups and/or geographic
areas; or (2) differences for the same population group and
geographic area over time. Either type of difference can be
calculated using the following formula, and noting the limiting covariance assumption discussed below.
Using the sampling error tables
Tables B-2 through B-5 provide sampling errors for use in
constructing 90-percent confidence intervals (approximately
1.6 standard errors) for major labor force characteristics. They
are approximations and thus indicate the order of magnitude
SEd = (( SE12 + SE22 ) - 2C x ( SE1 x SE2 ))1/2
where:
141
SEd
SE1
SE2
C
= the sampling error of the difference.
= the sampling error of one group or year.
= the sampling error of another group or year.
= the covariance (or relationship) term.
term of zero can be assured. Thus, the error of the difference
is approximately 29,000. Since the actual difference (50,000)
is greater than the error of the difference, it can be stated,
with 90-percent confidence, that the difference in the unemployment level is attributable to factors other than sampling
variability alone.
The SE1 and SE2 can be found in the appropriate table of
Geographic Profile for each year if the comparison is between different years, because the size of the samples and,
consequently, sampling errors may differ from year to year.
Values for the covariance or “C” term (for employment and
unemployment) for differences between consecutive years are
as follows. For labor force or employment levels, C = 0.58;
for unemployment levels or rates, C = 0.37. It is important to
note that these “C” terms are usable only for calculating the
sampling error of a difference for over-the-year change for
the same geographic area and population group.
Covariance terms for the relationship between different
population groups or geographic areas in this bulletin are not
available. When calculating sampling errors for differences
between two different population groups or geographic areas, a “C” term of zero must be assumed. The effect of this
assumption is: (1) if the relationship between two groups,
areas, or years (differences for nonconsecutive years) is small,
the “C” term can legitimately be ignored and the sampling
errors won’t be adversely affected, or (2) if there is a strong
positive relationship between the two groups, areas, or years
(differences for consecutive years), then the error computed
without a “C” term will be overstated. This could lead one to
erroneously state that a difference or change was not statistically significant when, in fact, it was. When there is a strong
relationship over time for a labor force characteristic such as
employment (i.e., people tend to remain employed from one
year to the next), the importance of using a “C” term when
calculating the sampling error of a difference over time increases greatly.
The following example illustrates how to calculate a sampling error for a difference.
Suppose one wished to know whether a hypothetical difference between the unemployment level of 250,000 for a
particular population group in California and an unemployment level of 200,000 for the same group in New York was
statistically significant at 90-percent confidence. Table B-5
gives the error for an unemployment level of 250,000 in California as approximately 23,000 and the error for an unemployment level of 200,000 in New York as 17,000. Using the
formula described above without the “C” term produces the
following results:
Sampling errors for unemployment rates. Unemployment
rates and error ranges for these rates are provided in tables 1,
12, and 23. This information can be used to derive a sampling error for an unemployment rate if one is needed. The
error range is a 90-percent confidence interval around the
unemployment rate. By subtracting the estimated unemployment rate from the upper bound of the range, the sampling
error for that rate can be obtained. This sampling error can
then be used in the above formula for computing the sampling error of a difference, or for whatever purpose the user
chooses.
Interpolation and extrapolation. Although sampling errors
are listed for selected levels of employment and unemployment in tables B-2 through B-5, users may wish to know the
sampling error for an estimate whose value is not listed. To
derive such a sampling error, it is necessary to use interpolation or extrapolation.
For example, in order to derive the sampling error for the
1998 total unemployment level in Georgia, it is necessary to
use interpolation because table B-5 contains no sampling error for an unemployment level estimate of 169,000. The following formula and accompanying example show how to interpolate for this estimate.
SE =[[( A-G) / (F-G)] x (X-Y)] + Y
where:
SE =the sampling error for the estimated value.
A =the estimated value (169,000).
F =the table value (200,000) immediately above
the estimated value.
G =the table value (100,000) immediately below
the estimated value.
X =the sampling error of F (21,000).
Y =the sampling error of G (15,000).
SE =[[(169 - 100) / (200 - 100)] x (21 - 15)] + 15
SE =( 0.69 x 6 ) + 15
SE1 = 23; SE2 = 17
SE12 + SE22 = 818
SEd = (( SE12 + SE22 ))1/2 = 29
=4.1 + 15
=19.1
=19
If the sample-based estimate were to lie outside the boundaries of the error tables, extrapolation can be used to approxi-
Because each State’s sample is independent, there is no
measurable correlation between the two estimates and a “C”
142
mate the sampling error. The formula for extrapolation is the
same as that for interpolation; however, the “F” term is the
highest value in the table and the “G” term becomes the next
highest value.
than a precise sampling error for any specific item. The sampling error tables are derived from standard error equations
and special parameters developed by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. These parameters are available upon request to
the Division of Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Room
4675, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Washington, DC 202120001. Telephone: (202) 606-6406.
Tables B-2 through B-5 can be used for estimates pertaining to any race/ethnic group. As noted, the sampling errors
are based on a generalized regression procedure and are approximate. Generally, the degree of precision in these tables
is slightly greater for whites (and the total of all race/ethnic
groups) than it is for blacks or Hispanics.
Derivation of sampling errors
The State and area sampling errors are developed using a
generalized regression procedure and are not based on sample
data for each individual area, population group, or labor force
characteristic. As with all sampling error tables produced for
CPS State and area data, a number of approximations were
required in order to derive sampling errors that would apply
to a wide variety of items. As a result, these sampling errors
indicate the order of magnitude of a sampling error rather
143
Contents—Publication Standards
and Sampling Error Tables
Page
Tables:
B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State, and
metropolitan area data .................................................................................................................................. 145
Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level by Census region and division:
B-2. Estimated employment ................................................................................................................................. 147
B-3. Estimated unemployment ............................................................................................................................. 148
Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level by State:
B-4. Estimated employment ................................................................................................................................. 149
B-5. Estimated unemployment ............................................................................................................................. 151
144
Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State,
and metropolitan area data
(In thousands)
Census region and division,
State or area
Minimum base
Employment
Unemployment
Northeast ............................................................................
New England ....................................................................
Middle Atlantic ..................................................................
8
7
8
40
44
38
Midwest ..............................................................................
East North Central ............................................................
West North Central ...........................................................
11
11
10
62
60
66
South ..................................................................................
South Atlantic ...................................................................
East South Central ...........................................................
West South Central ..........................................................
12
11
12
12
53
59
50
48
West ...................................................................................
Mountain ...........................................................................
Pacific ...............................................................................
9
8
9
47
32
49
Alabama .............................................................................
Alaska .................................................................................
Arizona ...............................................................................
Arkansas .............................................................................
California ............................................................................
Colorado .............................................................................
Connecticut .........................................................................
Delaware ............................................................................
District of Columbia ............................................................
Florida .................................................................................
11
3
10
4
9
13
11
2
1
11
54
5
54
26
50
53
67
12
4
47
Georgia ...............................................................................
Hawaii .................................................................................
Idaho ...................................................................................
Illinois ..................................................................................
Indiana ................................................................................
Iowa ....................................................................................
Kansas ................................................................................
Kentucky .............................................................................
Louisiana ............................................................................
Maine ..................................................................................
10
2
3
9
13
5
7
13
10
4
78
12
12
51
99
60
39
43
37
18
Maryland .............................................................................
Massachusetts ....................................................................
Michigan .............................................................................
Minnesota ...........................................................................
Mississippi ..........................................................................
Missouri ..............................................................................
Montana ..............................................................................
Nebraska ............................................................................
Nevada ...............................................................................
New Hampshire ..................................................................
11
7
10
12
7
17
2
3
4
3
66
54
53
102
26
69
8
35
22
29
New Jersey .........................................................................
New Mexico ........................................................................
New York ............................................................................
North Carolina ....................................................................
North Dakota ......................................................................
Ohio ....................................................................................
Oklahoma ...........................................................................
Oregon ................................................................................
Pennsylvania ......................................................................
Rhode Island ......................................................................
6
4
10
10
2
13
7
7
7
2
38
14
33
65
11
52
39
34
47
13
South Carolina ....................................................................
South Dakota ......................................................................
Tennessee ..........................................................................
Texas ..................................................................................
Utah ....................................................................................
Vermont ..............................................................................
Virginia ................................................................................
Washington .........................................................................
West Virginia ......................................................................
Wisconsin ...........................................................................
Wyoming .............................................................................
8
2
13
14
5
1
19
11
6
13
1
58
14
69
55
27
12
111
72
12
87
6
145
Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State,
and metropolitan area data — Continued
(In thousands)
Census region and division,
State or area
Minimum base
Employment
Unemployment
8
11
6
7
10
6
7
10
10
10
11
11
8
8
8
11
12
11
9
5
9
10
10
11
9
9
7
9
6
14
8
5
8
6
8
6
5
3
9
9
9
3
13
9
8
8
7
11
10
9
95
52
50
58
53
54
45
58
71
56
60
40
56
51
46
91
56
92
72
27
56
58
29
70
108
76
39
20
37
63
71
36
79
40
54
49
38
16
41
41
48
22
43
52
91
77
81
56
41
73
12
6
12
12
9
1
13
11
6
12
9
7
8
13
9
8
13
20
21
31
60
23
4
35
70
25
30
18
23
40
40
59
84
27
Metropolitan area:
Atlanta MSA ........................................................................
Baltimore PMSA .................................................................
Bergen-Passaic PMSA .......................................................
Boston PMSA .....................................................................
Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA .................................................
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA .....................................
Chicago PMSA ...................................................................
Cincinnati PMSA .................................................................
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ...........................................
Columbus, Ohio MSA .........................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ....................................................
Dayton-Springfield MSA .....................................................
Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA .........................................
Detroit PMSA ......................................................................
Fort Lauderdale PMSA .......................................................
Hartford MSA ......................................................................
Houston PMSA ...................................................................
Indianapolis MSA ................................................................
Kansas City MSA ................................................................
Long Beach PMSA .............................................................
Louisville MSA ....................................................................
Memphis MSA ....................................................................
Miami PMSA .......................................................................
Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA .............................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ..................................................
Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ........................................................
New Orleans MSA ..............................................................
New York PMSA .................................................................
Newark PMSA ....................................................................
Newport News MSA ...........................................................
Oakland PMSA ...................................................................
Oklahoma City MSA ...........................................................
Orange County PMSA ........................................................
Philadelphia PMSA .............................................................
Phoenix-Mesa MSA ............................................................
Pittsburgh MSA ...................................................................
Portland-Vancouver PMSA .................................................
Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA ..................................
Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA .......................................
Rochester MSA ..................................................................
Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ....................................................
St. Louis MSA1 ...................................................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA .................................................
San Antonio MSA ...............................................................
San Diego MSA ..................................................................
San Francisco PMSA .........................................................
San Jose PMSA .................................................................
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ..........................................
Clearwater MSA .................................................................
Washington D.C. PMSA .....................................................
Cities:
Baltimore ...........................................................................
Chicago .............................................................................
Cleveland ...........................................................................
Dallas .................................................................................
Detroit ................................................................................
District of Columbia ...........................................................
Houston .............................................................................
Indianapolis .......................................................................
Los Angeles .......................................................................
Milwaukee ..........................................................................
New York ...........................................................................
Philadelphia .......................................................................
Phoenix ..............................................................................
St. Louis .............................................................................
San Antonio .......................................................................
San Diego ..........................................................................
San Francisco ....................................................................
1 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget definition. See appendix C.
146
Table B-2. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by Census region and division
(In thousands)
Estimated level
Census region and division
10
20
25
50
100
200
250
400
800
1,000
1,500
2,000
Northeast ....................................
New England ............................
Middle Atlantic ..........................
6
5
6
8
8
8
9
9
9
12
12
13
18
17
18
25
24
25
28
27
28
35
33
35
49
46
50
55
51
55
67
61
67
77
68
77
Midwest ......................................
East North Central ....................
West North Central ...................
7
7
7
10
10
9
11
11
11
15
15
15
22
22
21
31
31
30
34
35
33
43
44
42
61
61
58
68
68
65
83
83
78
95
95
88
South ..........................................
South Atlantic ...........................
East South Central ...................
West South Central ..................
7
7
7
7
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
15
15
15
16
22
21
21
22
31
30
30
32
34
34
33
35
43
43
42
45
61
60
58
62
68
67
65
69
83
82
78
84
96
94
87
96
West ...........................................
Mountain ...................................
Pacific .......................................
6
6
6
8
8
8
9
9
9
13
13
13
19
18
19
26
25
27
30
28
30
37
36
38
52
50
53
59
55
59
71
66
72
82
74
82
Estimated level
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
12,500
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
Northeast ....................................
New England ............................
Middle Atlantic ..........................
85
74
85
116
87
115
137
78
133
152
–
145
163
–
152
171
–
153
176
–
144
171
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Midwest ......................................
East North Central ....................
West North Central ...................
106
105
96
145
143
121
173
167
126
193
183
115
208
194
–
220
199
–
234
196
–
236
174
–
229
–
–
209
–
–
–
–
–
South ..........................................
South Atlantic ...........................
East South Central ...................
West South Central ..................
107
104
95
106
149
141
117
140
178
166
117
158
202
184
97
166
221
196
–
165
237
203
–
155
261
206
–
–
278
194
–
–
288
–
–
–
291
–
–
–
289
–
–
–
West ...........................................
Mountain ...................................
Pacific .......................................
91
81
91
125
99
123
148
99
144
165
79
158
178
–
166
187
–
171
197
–
167
197
–
145
187
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table B-3. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated unemployment by Census region and division
(In thousands)
Estimated level
Census region and division
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
200
Northeast ....................................
New England ............................
Middle Atlantic ..........................
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
3
4
5
5
5
6
5
6
8
7
8
12
10
12
16
14
17
Midwest ......................................
East North Central ....................
West North Central ...................
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
6
6
5
6
6
6
9
9
9
13
13
12
18
18
17
South ..........................................
South Atlantic ...........................
East South Central ...................
West South Central ..................
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
6
7
6
6
7
9
9
9
9
13
13
13
13
18
18
18
19
West ...........................................
Mountain ...................................
Pacific .......................................
2
1
2
3
2
3
4
3
4
6
5
6
7
5
7
9
7
10
13
10
14
19
14
20
Estimated level
250
400
600
800
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Northeast ....................................
New England ............................
Middle Atlantic ..........................
18
16
19
23
–
23
28
–
29
32
–
33
36
–
37
44
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Midwest ......................................
East North Central ....................
West North Central ...................
20
20
19
25
26
24
31
31
–
36
36
–
40
40
–
49
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
South ..........................................
South Atlantic ...........................
East South Central ...................
West South Central ..................
21
20
20
21
26
26
25
26
32
32
–
32
37
36
–
37
41
41
–
–
50
49
–
–
57
–
–
–
64
–
–
–
West ...........................................
Mountain ...................................
Pacific .......................................
21
16
22
27
20
28
32
–
34
37
–
39
42
–
44
51
–
53
58
–
–
–
–
–
Table B-4. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by State
(In thousands)
Estimated level
State
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
200
250
400
600
800
Alabama .....................................
Alaska .........................................
Arizona .......................................
Arkansas .....................................
California ....................................
Colorado .....................................
Connecticut .................................
Delaware ....................................
District of Columbia ....................
Florida .........................................
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
1
1
3
5
3
4
3
4
5
5
2
2
5
6
4
6
4
6
8
7
3
2
6
9
5
9
6
8
11
9
4
3
9
10
6
10
6
9
12
11
4
4
10
14
8
14
9
13
17
15
6
5
14
20
10
19
13
19
24
21
8
6
20
28
12
27
17
27
33
29
10
7
29
31
12
30
19
30
37
32
10
7
32
38
6
37
23
38
45
39
9
–
40
45
–
44
26
46
53
45
–
–
49
51
–
49
28
53
59
50
–
–
55
Georgia .......................................
Hawaii .........................................
Idaho ...........................................
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana ........................................
Iowa ............................................
Kansas ........................................
Kentucky .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Maine ..........................................
3
1
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
5
2
2
4
5
3
4
5
4
3
7
3
3
6
8
5
6
7
6
4
9
4
5
8
11
7
8
10
9
5
11
5
5
9
12
8
9
11
10
6
15
7
8
13
17
11
13
16
14
8
21
9
10
19
24
15
18
23
19
11
29
13
14
26
33
21
24
31
27
15
33
13
15
29
37
23
27
35
30
16
41
15
16
37
46
28
32
43
37
19
49
14
16
45
55
33
37
50
43
18
56
–
11
51
61
35
39
56
48
15
Maryland .....................................
Massachusetts ............................
Michigan .....................................
Minnesota ...................................
Mississippi ..................................
Missouri ......................................
Montana ......................................
Nebraska ....................................
Nevada .......................................
New Hampshire ..........................
3
3
3
3
2
4
1
2
2
2
5
4
5
5
4
6
2
3
3
3
7
6
7
7
5
8
3
4
4
4
10
8
9
11
7
12
4
5
6
5
11
9
10
12
8
13
5
6
6
6
15
13
15
17
11
19
6
8
9
8
21
18
21
23
16
27
9
11
12
11
30
25
29
33
22
37
11
15
17
14
33
27
32
36
24
41
12
16
18
15
41
34
40
45
29
51
12
19
22
17
49
41
49
53
33
61
8
20
23
16
55
46
56
59
36
68
–
20
23
11
New Jersey .................................
New Mexico ................................
New York ....................................
North Carolina ............................
North Dakota ..............................
Ohio ............................................
Oklahoma ...................................
Oregon ........................................
Pennsylvania ..............................
Rhode Island ..............................
2
2
3
3
1
3
2
2
2
1
3
3
4
5
2
5
4
4
4
2
5
4
6
7
3
7
5
5
5
3
7
5
9
9
4
10
7
7
8
4
8
6
10
10
5
12
8
8
8
5
11
9
14
15
6
16
11
12
12
6
15
12
19
20
9
23
16
16
17
9
21
16
27
29
10
33
22
23
24
11
24
17
30
32
11
36
24
25
26
12
30
20
38
40
8
46
30
31
33
13
36
22
46
48
–
55
35
36
40
10
41
22
53
54
–
63
38
39
46
–
South Carolina ............................
South Dakota ..............................
Tennessee ..................................
Texas ..........................................
Utah ............................................
Vermont ......................................
Virginia ........................................
Washington .................................
West Virginia ..............................
Wisconsin ...................................
Wyoming .....................................
3
1
3
3
2
1
4
3
2
3
1
4
2
5
6
3
2
6
5
3
5
2
6
3
7
8
5
2
9
7
4
8
2
8
4
10
11
7
3
13
10
6
11
3
9
5
11
12
8
4
14
11
7
12
3
13
6
16
17
11
5
20
15
10
17
5
18
8
23
25
15
7
28
22
13
24
6
25
10
31
35
20
8
40
30
18
33
7
28
11
35
39
22
8
44
33
20
37
6
34
10
43
49
26
6
55
42
23
46
–
40
–
52
59
29
–
66
50
26
55
–
44
–
58
68
29
–
74
56
26
61
–
Table B-4. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by State — Continued
(In thousands)
Estimated level
State
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
5,000
7,500
10,000
12,500
15,000
Alabama .....................................
Alaska .........................................
Arizona .......................................
Arkansas .....................................
California ....................................
Colorado .....................................
Connecticut .................................
Delaware ....................................
District of Columbia ....................
Florida .........................................
54
–
53
29
59
63
52
–
–
61
59
–
58
24
71
66
53
–
–
73
58
–
58
–
81
63
44
–
–
83
52
–
53
–
90
50
–
–
–
90
–
–
–
–
120
–
–
–
–
108
–
–
–
–
137
–
–
–
–
105
–
–
–
–
146
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
148
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
145
–
–
–
–
–
Georgia .......................................
Hawaii .........................................
Idaho ...........................................
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana ........................................
Iowa ............................................
Kansas ........................................
Kentucky .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Maine ..........................................
61
–
–
56
67
36
40
59
51
–
70
–
–
67
76
34
34
63
56
–
76
–
–
75
80
20
–
60
54
–
80
–
–
81
80
–
–
–
–
–
54
–
–
90
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
68
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Maryland .....................................
Massachusetts ............................
Michigan .....................................
Minnesota ...................................
Mississippi ..................................
Missouri ......................................
Montana ......................................
Nebraska ....................................
Nevada .......................................
New Hampshire ..........................
59
50
61
64
37
74
–
16
20
–
66
57
72
70
33
83
–
–
–
–
68
61
80
70
–
86
–
–
–
–
66
61
85
65
–
84
–
–
–
–
–
–
84
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
New Jersey .................................
New Mexico ................................
New York ....................................
North Carolina ............................
North Dakota ..............................
Ohio ............................................
Oklahoma ...................................
Oregon ........................................
Pennsylvania ..............................
Rhode Island ..............................
45
–
59
59
–
69
40
41
51
–
52
–
71
69
–
82
40
42
60
–
57
–
80
74
–
92
33
35
67
–
60
–
88
77
–
98
–
–
72
–
49
–
110
51
–
107
–
–
81
–
–
–
115
–
–
71
–
–
64
–
–
–
104
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
South Carolina ............................
South Dakota ..............................
Tennessee ..................................
Texas ..........................................
Utah ............................................
Vermont ......................................
Virginia ........................................
Washington .................................
West Virginia ..............................
Wisconsin ...................................
Wyoming .....................................
47
–
63
75
27
–
81
60
–
66
–
49
–
71
91
–
–
93
68
–
74
–
46
–
74
103
–
–
100
71
–
76
–
–
–
73
112
–
–
102
71
–
74
–
–
–
–
141
–
–
35
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
149
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
139
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table B-5. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated unemployment by State
(In thousands)
Estimated level
State
2
5
10
20
25
50
100
200
250
400
600
800
1,000
Alabama .....................................
Alaska .........................................
Arizona .......................................
Arkansas .....................................
California ....................................
Colorado .....................................
Connecticut .................................
Delaware ....................................
District of Columbia ....................
Florida .........................................
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
1
1
3
4
2
4
3
5
4
4
2
2
4
6
2
6
4
6
5
6
3
2
5
6
–
6
5
7
6
6
–
2
6
9
–
9
7
10
9
9
–
–
8
13
–
12
10
14
12
12
–
–
12
–
–
–
–
20
–
–
–
–
17
–
–
–
–
23
–
–
–
–
19
–
–
–
–
29
–
–
–
–
24
–
–
–
–
35
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
40
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
45
–
–
–
–
–
Georgia .......................................
Hawaii .........................................
Idaho ...........................................
Illinois ..........................................
Indiana ........................................
Iowa ............................................
Kansas ........................................
Kentucky .....................................
Louisiana ....................................
Maine ..........................................
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
3
2
1
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
5
2
2
4
5
3
3
4
4
2
7
3
3
6
7
5
5
5
6
3
8
4
3
6
7
5
5
6
6
4
11
5
5
9
10
7
7
9
9
5
15
–
–
13
14
–
10
12
12
–
21
–
–
18
–
–
–
–
17
–
–
–
–
20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Maryland .....................................
Massachusetts ............................
Michigan .....................................
Minnesota ...................................
Mississippi ..................................
Missouri ......................................
Montana ......................................
Nebraska ....................................
Nevada .......................................
New Hampshire ..........................
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
3
2
3
1
2
2
2
5
4
4
4
3
5
2
3
3
2
6
5
5
6
4
6
3
4
4
3
7
6
6
7
5
7
3
4
4
–
10
8
9
9
7
10
4
–
6
–
14
11
12
13
10
14
–
–
–
–
20
15
17
–
–
20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
New Jersey .................................
New Mexico ................................
New York ....................................
North Carolina ............................
North Dakota ..............................
Ohio ............................................
Oklahoma ...................................
Oregon ........................................
Pennsylvania ..............................
Rhode Island ..............................
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
1
4
2
4
4
2
4
4
4
4
2
5
4
5
6
2
6
5
5
6
3
6
4
6
6
–
6
6
6
6
3
8
5
8
9
–
9
8
8
9
–
11
8
12
12
–
13
11
11
12
–
15
–
17
17
–
18
–
–
17
–
–
–
18
–
–
20
–
–
19
–
–
–
23
–
–
–
–
–
24
–
–
–
28
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
South Carolina ............................
South Dakota ..............................
Tennessee ..................................
Texas ..........................................
Utah ............................................
Vermont ......................................
Virginia ........................................
Washington .................................
West Virginia ..............................
Wisconsin ...................................
Wyoming .....................................
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
2
1
3
3
2
3
1
4
2
5
4
3
2
5
5
2
5
1
6
2
6
6
4
2
7
7
3
6
2
6
–
7
7
4
–
8
8
4
7
–
9
–
10
10
6
–
11
11
5
10
–
12
–
14
14
–
–
15
15
8
14
–
–
–
20
20
–
–
21
21
–
–
–
–
–
–
22
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
28
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
34
–
–
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–
–
–
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–
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–
Appendix C.
Geographic Boundary
Definitions
T
able C-1 of this appendix lists the States composing the
Census regions and divisions for which data are published
in section I. Table C-2 provides the geographic definitions
of the metropolitan areas for which data are published in section III. These data for metropolitan areas reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on June 30, 1993.1
Effective December 22, 1987, the boundary of the St. Louis
metropolitan statistical area was redefined to include the part
of Sullivan City in Crawford County, Missouri. This change
is not reflected in the data for St. Louis shown in this bulletin,
although the addition of entire counties in 1993 is reflected.
adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic
and social integration within that core.
A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of one or
more counties and meets specified size criteria—either it contains a city of at least 50,000 inhabitants, or it contains an
urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants, and has a total
population of at least 100,000.
A Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) is
a metropolitan area that has a population of at least 1 million
and which has been divided into two or more PMSAs (see
below). The CMSA comprises the same geographic area as
its constituent PMSAs.
A Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) is a subarea within a CMSA. The designation of these sub-areas is
based on specific criteria, including having a population of at
least 100,000 that is at least 60 percent urban, and the support of local opinion. Areas that were designated separate
metropolitan areas as of January 1, 1980, and are now part of
a larger area, are designated as PMSAs unless local opinion
does not support their continued separate designation for statistical purposes.
Metropolitan areas
The general concept of a metropolitan area (MA) is that of a
core area containing a large population nucleus, together with
1
The standards were published in the Federal Register on March 30,
1990; the definitions and a complete listing of the areas were published on
June 30, 1993 in OMB release 93-17.
153
Table C-1. State composition of the census
regions and divisions
Region and division
State
Northeast:
New England ............. Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Vermont
Middle Atlantic ........... New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Midwest:
East North Central ..... Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio
Wisconsin
West North Central .... Iowa
Kansas
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
South:
South Atlantic ............ Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Maryland
North Carolina
South Carolina
Virginia
West Virginina
East South Central .... Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
West South Central ... Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
West:
Mountain .................... Arizona
Colorado
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Utah
Wyoming
Pacific ........................ Alaska
California
Hawaii
Oregon
Washington
154
Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas
State and area
Type of
area
Definition
Arizona
Phoenix-Mesa ................................................
MSA
Maricopa and Pinal Counties
California
Los Angeles-Long Beach ..............................
Oakland .........................................................
Orange County ..............................................
Riverside-San Bernardino .............................
Sacramento-Yolo ...........................................
San Diego ......................................................
San Francisco ................................................
San Jose ........................................................
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
PMSA
CMSA
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
Los Angeles County
Alameda and Contra Costa Counties
Orange County
Riverside and San Bernardino Counties
El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties
San Diego County
Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties
Santa Clara County
Colorado
Denver-Boulder-Greeley ................................
CMSA
Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, Douglas, Jefferson, and Weld
Counties
Connecticut
Hartford ..........................................................
MSA
Bristol, Hartford, and New Britain cities and Avon, Berlin, Bloomfield,
Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough, Newington,
Plainville, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, Southington, South Windsor, Suffield,
West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in
Hartford County; Barkhamsted, Harwinton, New Hartford, Plymouth, and
Winchester towns in Litchfield County; Middletown city and Cromwell,
Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, Haddam, Middlefield, and Portland
towns in Middlesex County; Colchester and Lebanon towns in New London
County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron,
Mansfield, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in
Tolland County; and Ashford, Chaplin, and Windham towns in Windham
County
District of Columbia
Washington ....................................................
PMSA
District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince
George’s Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg,
Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper,
Fairfax, Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Prince William, Spotsylvania,
Stafford, and Warren Counties, Va.; Berkeley and Jefferson
Counties,W.Va.
Florida
Fort Lauderdale .............................................
Miami .............................................................
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater .................
PMSA
PMSA
MSA
Broward County
Miami-Dade County
Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties
Georgia
Atlanta ............................................................
MSA
Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb,
Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding,
Pickens, Rockdale, Spalding, and Walton Counties
Illinois
Chicago ..........................................................
PMSA
Cook, DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will
Counties
Indiana
Indianapolis ...................................................
MSA
Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Madison, Marion,
Morgan, and Shelby Counties
Kentucky
Louisville ........................................................
MSA
Bullitt, Jefferson, and Oldham Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, Harrison, and
Scott Counties, Ind.
Louisiana
New Orleans ..................................................
MSA
Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St.
155
Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas
State and area
Type of
area
Definition
John the Baptist, and St. Tammany Parishes
Maryland
Baltimore .......................................................
PMSA
Baltimore City and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and
Queen Anne’s Counties
Massachusetts
Boston ............................................................
PMSA
Taunton city and Berkley, Dighton, Mansfield, and Norton towns in Bristol
County, Mass.; Beverly, Gloucester, Lynn, Newburyport, Peabody, and
Salem cities and Amesbury, Danvers, Essex, Hamilton, Ipswich, Lynnfield,
Manchester, Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Newbury, Rockport, Rowley,
Salisbury, Saugus, Swampscott, Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex
County, Mass.; Cambridge, Everett, Malden, Marlborough, Medford,
Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn cities and Acton,
Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford, Belmont, Boxborough, Burlington,
Carlisle, Concord, Framingham, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, Lexington,
Lincoln, Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading, Reading, Sherborn,
Shirley, Stoneham, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield, Watertown,
Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County,
Mass.; Quincy city and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton,
Cohasset, Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook, Medfield,
Medway, Millis, Milton, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Plainville, Randolph,
Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, and
Wrentham towns in Norfolk County, Mass.; Carver, Duxbury, Hanover,
Hingham, Hull, Kingston, Marshfield, Norwell, Pembroke, Plymouth,
Rockland, Scituate, and Wareham towns in Plymouth County, Mass.;
Boston, Chelsea, and Revere cities and Winthrop town in Suffolk County,
Mass.; Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster, Mendon,
Milford, Millville, Southborough, and Upton towns in Worcester County,
Mass.; and Seabrook and South Hampton towns in Rockingham County,
N.H.
Michigan
Detroit ............................................................
PMSA
Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties
Minnesota
Minneapolis-St. Paul ......................................
MSA
Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott,
Sherburne, Washington, and Wright Counties, Minn.; Pierce and St. Croix
Counties, Wis.
Missouri
Kansas City ...................................................
MSA
St. Louis .........................................................
MSA1
Johnson, Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.; Cass, Clay,
Clinton, Jackson, Lafayette, Platte, and Ray Counties, Mo.
Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, Ill.; St. Louis city
and Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Warren
Counties, Mo.
New Jersey
Bergen-Passaic .............................................
Newark ...........................................................
PMSA
PMSA
Bergen and Passaic Counties
Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren Counties
New York
Buffalo-Niagara Falls .....................................
Nassau-Suffolk ..............................................
New York ........................................................
MSA
PMSA
PMSA
Rochester ......................................................
MSA
Erie and Niagara Counties
Nassau and Suffolk Counties
Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and
Westchester Counties
Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties
North Carolina
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill .........................
MSA
Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties,
1
This is not the official OMB definition of the St. Louis
metropolitan statistical area. Excluded is the part of Sullivan
City in Crawford County, Missouri.
156
Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas
State and area
Type of
area
Definition
N.C.; York County, S.C.
Ohio
Cincinnati .......................................................
PMSA
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria .................................
Columbus .......................................................
Dayton-Springfield .........................................
PMSA
MSA
MSA
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City ...............................................
MSA
Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie
Counties
Oregon
Portland-Vancouver .......................................
PMSA
Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties,
Ore.; Clark County, Wash.
Pennsylvania
Philadelphia ...................................................
PMSA
Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties, N.J.; Bucks,
Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadephia Counties, Pa.
Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland
Counties
Dearborn and Ohio Counties, Ind.; Boone, Campbell, Gallatin, Grant,
Kenton, and Pendleton Counties, Ky.; and Brown, Clermont, Hamilton, and
Warren Counties, Ohio
Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina Counties
Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, and Pickaway Counties
Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties
Pittsburgh .....................................................
MSA
Rhode Island
Providence-Fall River-Warwick .....................
MSA
Attleboro and Fall River cities and North Attleboro, Rehoboth, Seekonk,
Somerset, Swansea, and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.;
Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County, R.I.; Warwick city
and Coventry, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and West Warwick towns
in Kent County, R.I.; Jamestown, Little Compton, and Tiverton towns in
Newport County, R.I.; Central Falls, Cranston, East Providence,
Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville,
Cumberland, Foster, Glocester, Johnston, Lincoln, North Providence,
North Smithfield, Scituate, and Smithfield in Providence County, R.I.;
Charlestown, Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingstown, Richmond, and
South Kingstown towns in Washington County, R.I.
Tennessee
Memphis ........................................................
MSA
Crittenden County, Ark.; DeSoto County, Miss.; and Fayette, Shelby, and
Tipton Counties, Tenn.
Texas
Dallas-Fort Worth ..........................................
CMSA
Houston .........................................................
San Antonio ...................................................
PMSA
MSA
Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Henderson, Hood, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman,
Parker, Rockwall, and Tarrant Counties
Chambers, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties
Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, and Wilson Counties
Utah
Salt Lake City-Ogden ....................................
MSA
Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties
Virginia
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News ..........
MSA
Currituck County, N.C.; Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk,
Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg cities
and Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, and York Counties,
Va.
Washington
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett ................................
PMSA
Island, King, and Snohomish Counties
Wisconsin
Milwaukee-Waukesha ....................................
PMSA
Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties
157