For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT) Tuesday, June 6, 2017
Technical information: (202) 691-5870 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/jlt
Media contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]
USDL-17-0768
JOB OPENINGS AND LABOR TURNOVER – APRIL 2017
The number of job openings increased to a series high of 6.0 million on the last business day of April,
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Over the month, hires decreased to 5.1 million and
separations edged down to 5.0 million. Within separations, the quits rate and the layoffs and discharges
rate were little changed at 2.1 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. This release includes estimates of
the number and rate of job openings, hires, and separations for the nonfarm sector by industry and by
four geographic regions.
Job Openings
On the last business day of April, the job openings level increased to a series high of 6.0 million
(+259,000). The job openings rate was 4.0 percent. The number of job openings edged up for total
private (+220,000) and increased for government (+39,000). Job openings increased in a number of
industries with the largest increase occurring in accommodation and food services (+118,000). Job
openings decreased in durable goods manufacturing (-30,000). The number of job openings increased in
the Midwest and Northeast regions. (See table 1.)
Hires
The number of hires fell to 5.1 million (-253,000) in April. The hires rate was 3.5 percent. The number
of hires decreased for total private (-257,000) and was little changed for government. Hires decreased in
health care and social assistance (-68,000) and real estate and rental and leasing (-23,000). The number
of hires decreased in the West region. (See table 2.)
Separations
Total separations includes quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations. Total separations is
referred to as turnover. Quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore,
the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. Layoffs and
discharges are involuntary separations initiated by the employer. Other separations includes separations
due to retirement, death, disability, and transfers to other locations of the same firm.
The number of total separations edged down to 5.0 million (-225,000) in April. The total separations
rate was 3.4 percent. Total separations decreased for total private (-239,000) and was little changed for
government. Total separations increased in state and local government education (+17,000) but
decreased in retail trade (-100,000). The number of total separations was little changed in all four
regions. (See table 3.)
The number of quits edged down to 3.0 million (-111,000) in April. The quits rate was 2.1 percent. The
number of quits was little changed for total private and decreased for government (-21,000). Quits
decreased in retail trade (-72,000); state and local government, excluding education (-20,000); and
information (-12,000). The number of quits was little changed in all four regions. (See table 4.)
There were 1.6 million layoffs and discharges in April, little changed from March. The layoffs and
discharges rate was 1.1 percent in April. The number of layoffs and discharges was little changed for
total private and increased for government (+32,000). The layoffs and discharges level increased in state
and local government, excluding education (+20,000) and in state and local government education
(+12,000). Layoffs and discharges decreased in real estate and rental and leasing (-23,000). The number
of layoffs and discharges was little changed in all four regions. (See table 5.)
The number of other separations was little changed in April. Other separations edged down for total
private (-46,000) and was little changed for government. Other separations increased in state and local
government education (+5,000) but decreased in professional and business services (-32,000). In the
regions, the number of other separations decreased in the Midwest. (See table 6.)
Net Change in Employment
Large numbers of hires and separations occur every month throughout the business cycle. Net
employment change results from the relationship between hires and separations. When the number of
hires exceeds the number of separations, employment rises, even if the hires level is steady or declining.
Conversely, when the number of hires is less than the number of separations, employment declines, even
if the hires level is steady or rising. Over the 12 months ending in April, hires totaled 62.9 million and
separations totaled 60.7 million, yielding a net employment gain of 2.2 million. These totals include
workers who may have been hired and separated more than once during the year.
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey results for May 2017 are scheduled to be released
on Tuesday, July 11, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
-2-
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted
Job openings
Category
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
5,643
5,119
11
184
364
194
169
1,040
235
591
5,785
5,244
25
161
404
230
174
948
183
593
214
92
336
240
96
986
1,070
107
963
766
82
684
270
524
82
443
147
296
172
83
327
260
68
1,152
1,103
87
1,016
735
77
657
306
541
91
450
163
288
Hires
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
6,044
5,464
22
203
359
200
159
950
196
577
5,038
4,684
21
335
259
150
108
999
142
674
5,304
4,975
30
372
325
177
147
1,051
129
725
178
111
373
282
91
1,134
1,112
99
1,013
847
72
775
352
580
85
495
177
317
183
82
191
122
69
1,095
594
101
493
931
124
806
178
354
34
319
155
164
197
77
214
138
76
1,060
679
96
582
967
119
849
200
329
34
295
143
152
Total separations
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
5,051
4,718
31
378
308
157
151
972
118
675
4,962
4,598
30
339
267
159
108
992
140
685
5,198
4,882
25
374
318
173
146
1,063
132
745
4,973
4,643
24
372
315
163
152
928
115
645
180
59
174
121
53
1,034
608
94
514
938
153
786
216
333
35
298
144
154
167
81
173
103
70
1,031
556
83
473
955
130
824
173
364
44
320
164
156
186
79
201
126
75
1,033
635
90
545
966
137
829
188
315
37
278
130
148
168
66
163
108
55
1,035
595
87
508
927
137
790
220
331
37
294
147
147
LEVELS BY INDUSTRY
(in thousands)
Total.................................................. .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging1........................... .
Construction1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods1......................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities1.................................... .
Information1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities............................. .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . .
Other services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding education1. . . .
RATES BY INDUSTRY
(percent)
Total.................................................. .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging1........................... .
Construction1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods1......................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities1.................................... .
Information1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities............................. .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing1. . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . .
Other services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See footnotes at end of table.
3.8
4.0
1.6
2.7
2.9
2.4
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.8
4.1
3.4
2.3
3.2
2.9
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.6
4.0
4.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.9
3.0
5.0
2.1
1.9
2.3
3.7
2.4
4.3
3.6
4.0
4.3
5.4
2.6
2.3
3.2
3.8
2.2
4.6
3.5
3.8
4.5
5.5
2.5
2.0
3.2
3.5
2.0
4.3
3.4
3.8
4.4
5.1
2.2
2.0
2.3
3.6
2.4
4.3
3.6
4.0
3.6
5.4
2.6
2.2
3.1
3.9
2.2
4.7
3.4
3.8
3.4
5.4
2.5
2.1
3.2
3.4
1.9
4.1
3.7
3.2
3.9
3.8
4.3
4.7
4.5
2.9
4.8
4.7
3.6
4.9
4.5
3.0
3.0
3.7
4.0
3.0
5.3
4.6
2.3
5.0
4.4
3.3
4.6
5.1
3.1
3.9
4.2
4.3
4.0
5.2
4.6
2.7
5.0
5.1
3.1
5.4
5.8
3.3
3.0
2.3
2.0
3.2
5.5
2.6
2.9
2.6
6.0
5.6
6.1
3.1
3.5
2.8
2.5
2.2
3.5
5.2
3.0
2.7
3.0
6.1
5.3
6.3
3.5
3.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.4
5.0
2.6
2.6
2.7
5.9
6.8
5.8
3.8
3.0
2.9
2.1
1.7
3.3
5.2
2.5
2.3
2.5
6.1
5.9
6.2
3.0
3.3
2.9
2.4
2.0
3.4
5.0
2.8
2.5
2.8
6.1
6.1
6.1
3.3
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.7
2.5
5.0
2.6
2.4
2.6
5.8
6.1
5.8
3.8
Table A. Job openings, hires, and total separations by industry, seasonally adjusted — Continued
Job openings
Category
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding education1. . . .
1
Hires
Total separations
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
2.3
2.9
2.2
1.4
3.2
2.4
3.1
2.3
1.5
3.1
2.5
3.0
2.5
1.7
3.4
1.6
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.8
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.6
No regular seasonal movements could be identified in the job openings series, therefore, the seasonally adjusted and not seasonally adjusted data
are identical.
p Preliminary
Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from the Job
Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) collects and compiles
JOLTS data monthly from a sample of nonfarm
establishments. A more detailed discussion of JOLTS
concepts and methodology is available online at
www.bls.gov/opub/hom/pdf/homch18.pdf.
Coverage and collection
The JOLTS program covers all private nonfarm establishments, as well as federal, state, and local government
entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data
are collected for total employment, job openings, hires,
quits, layoffs and discharges, other separations, and total
separations.
Concepts
Industry classification. The industry classifications in
this release are in accordance with the 2012 version of the
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Employment. Employment includes persons on the
payroll who worked or received pay for the pay period
that includes the 12th day of the reference month. Fulltime, part-time, permanent, short-term, seasonal, salaried,
and hourly employees are included, as are employees on
paid vacations or other paid leave. Proprietors or partners
of unincorporated businesses, unpaid family workers, or
persons on leave without pay or on strike for the entire
pay period, are not counted as employed. Employees of
temporary help agencies, employee leasing companies,
outside contractors, and consultants are counted by their
employer of record, not by the establishment where they
are working.
Job openings. Job openings information is collected for
the last business day of the reference month. A job
opening requires that: 1) a specific position exists and
there is work available for that position, 2) work could
start within 30 days whether or not the employer found a
suitable candidate, and 3) the employer is actively
recruiting from outside the establishment to fill the
position. Included are full-time, part-time, permanent,
short-term, and seasonal openings. Active recruiting
means that the establishment is taking steps to fill a
position by advertising in newspapers or on the Internet,
posting help-wanted signs, accepting applications, or
using other similar methods.
Jobs to be filled only by internal transfers, promotions,
demotions, or recall from layoffs are excluded. Also
excluded are jobs with start dates more than 30 days in
the future, jobs for which employees have been hired but
have not yet reported for work, and jobs to be filled by
employees of temporary help agencies, employee leasing
companies, outside contractors, or consultants. The job
openings rate is computed by dividing the number of job
openings by the sum of employment and job openings and
multiplying that quotient by 100.
Hires. The hires level is the total number of additions to
the payroll occurring at any time during the reference
month, including both new and rehired employees, fulltime and part-time, permanent, short-term and seasonal
employees, employees recalled to the location after a
layoff lasting more than 7 days, on-call or intermittent
employees who returned to work after having been
formally separated, and transfers from other locations.
The hires count does not include transfers or promotions
within the reporting site, employees returning from strike,
employees of temporary help agencies or employee
leasing companies, outside contractors, or consultants.
The hires rate is computed by dividing the number of
hires by employment and multiplying that quotient by
100.
Separations. The separations level is the total number of
employment terminations occurring at any time during the
reference month, and is reported by type of separation—
quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations.
(Some respondents are only able to report total
separations.) The quits count includes voluntary
separations by employees (except for retirements, which
are reported as other separations). The layoffs and
discharges count is comprised of involuntary separations
initiated by the employer and includes layoffs with no
intent to rehire; formal layoffs lasting or expected to last
more than 7 days; discharges resulting from mergers,
downsizing, or closings; firings or other discharges for
cause; terminations of permanent or short-term
employees; and terminations of seasonal employees. The
other separations count includes retirements, transfers to
other locations, deaths, and separations due to disability.
The separations count does not include transfers within
the same location or employees on strike. The separations
rate is computed by dividing the number of separations by
employment and multiplying that quotient by 100. The
quits, layoffs and discharges, and other separations rates
are computed similarly.
Annual estimates. Annual levels for hires, quits, layoffs
and discharges, other separations, and total separations
are the sum of the 12 published monthly levels. Annual
rates are computed by dividing the annual level by the
Current Employment Statistics (CES) annual average
employment level, and multiplying that quotient by 100.
This figure will be approximately equal to the sum of the
12 monthly rates. Consistent with BLS practice, annual
estimates are published only for not seasonally adjusted
data and are released with the January news release each
year. Annual estimates are not calculated for job openings
because job openings are a stock, or point-in-time,
measurement for the last business day of each month.
Sample and estimation methodology
The JOLTS survey design is a stratified random sample of
16,000 nonfarm business and government establishments.
The sample is stratified by ownership, region, industry
sector, and establishment size class. The establishments
are drawn from a universe of over 9.1 million
establishments compiled by the Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages (QCEW) program which
includes all employers subject to state unemployment
insurance laws and federal agencies subject to the
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees
program.
JOLTS total employment estimates are benchmarked, or
ratio adjusted, monthly to the strike-adjusted employment
estimates of the CES survey. A ratio of CES to JOLTS
employment is used to adjust the levels for all other
JOLTS data elements.
JOLTS business birth/death model
As with any sample survey, the JOLTS sample can only
be as current as its sampling frame. The time lag from the
birth of an establishment until its appearance on the
sampling frame is approximately one year. In addition,
many of these new units may fail within the first year.
Since these universe units cannot be reflected on the
sampling frame immediately, the JOLTS sample cannot
capture job openings, hires, and separations from these
units during their early existence. To compensate for the
inability to capture data from these establishments, BLS
has developed a birth/death model that uses birth and
death activity from previous years. The estimates of job
openings, hires, and separations produced by the
birth/death model are added to the sample-based estimates
produced from the survey to arrive at the estimates for
openings, hires, and separations.
Seasonal adjustment
BLS uses X-13 ARIMA to seasonally adjust several
JOLTS series utilizing moving averages as seasonal
filters. A concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is
used in which new seasonal adjustment factors are
calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and
including current month data. JOLTS seasonal adjustment
includes both additive and multiplicative models and
REGARIMA (regression with auto-correlated errors)
modeling to improve the seasonal adjustment factors at
the beginning and end of the series and to detect and
adjust for outliers in the series.
Alignment procedure
The JOLTS measures for hires minus separations can be
used to derive a measure of net employment change. This
change should be comparable to the net employment
change from the much larger CES survey. However,
definitional differences as well as sampling and non-
sampling errors between the two surveys historically
caused JOLTS to diverge from CES over time. To limit
the divergence, and improve the quality of the JOLTS
hires and separations series, BLS implemented the
Monthly Alignment Method.
This method applies the CES employment trends to the
seasonally adjusted JOLTS implied employment trend
(hires minus separations) forcing them to be
approximately the same, while preserving the seasonality
of the JOLTS data. First, the two series are seasonally
adjusted and the difference between the JOLTS implied
employment change and the CES net employment change
is calculated. Next, the JOLTS implied employment
change is adjusted to equal the CES net employment
change through a proportional adjustment. This procedure
adjusts the two components (hires, separations)
proportionally to their contribution to the total churn
(hires plus separations). The adjusted hires and
separations are converted back to not seasonally adjusted
data by reversing the application of the original seasonal
factors. After the Monthly Alignment Method has been
used to adjust the level estimates, rate estimates are
computed from the adjusted levels.
Reliability of the estimates
JOLTS estimates are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error. When a sample is surveyed rather than
the entire population, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the "true" population values
they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error,
varies depending on the particular sample selected, and
this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. BLS analysis is generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence. That means that there is a 90percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6
standard errors from the "true" population value because
of sampling error. Sampling error estimates are available
at www.bls.gov/jlt/jolts_median_standard_errors.htm.
The JOLTS estimates also are affected by non-sampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,
including the failure to include a segment of the
population, the inability to obtain data from all units in
the sample, the inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide data on a timely basis, mistakes made by
respondents, errors made in the collection or processing
of the data, and errors from the employment benchmark
data used in estimation.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Table 1. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total.............................................. .
INDUSTRY
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods3..................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities3................................ .
Information3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing3.. .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . .
Accommodation and food services. . .
Other services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding
education3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,643
5,539
5,625
5,682
5,785
6,044
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
4.0
5,119
11
184
364
194
169
1,040
235
591
5,065
17
140
342
194
148
1,014
182
650
5,133
25
142
361
206
155
959
201
581
5,179
20
181
364
209
155
928
175
579
5,244
25
161
404
230
174
948
183
593
5,464
22
203
359
200
159
950
196
577
4.0
1.6
2.7
2.9
2.4
3.5
3.7
3.9
3.6
4.0
2.5
2.0
2.7
2.5
3.1
3.6
3.0
3.9
4.0
3.5
2.0
2.8
2.6
3.2
3.4
3.3
3.5
4.0
2.9
2.6
2.9
2.6
3.2
3.3
2.9
3.5
4.1
3.4
2.3
3.2
2.9
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.6
4.2
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.5
214
92
336
240
96
986
1,070
107
963
766
82
684
270
524
82
443
147
182
81
357
272
85
989
1,158
93
1,065
730
89
640
236
474
110
364
143
177
73
388
248
140
1,056
1,158
93
1,065
729
83
646
241
492
82
410
161
174
75
360
285
75
976
1,241
126
1,115
784
92
693
250
503
83
420
140
172
83
327
260
68
1,152
1,103
87
1,016
735
77
657
306
541
91
450
163
178
111
373
282
91
1,134
1,112
99
1,013
847
72
775
352
580
85
495
177
3.7
3.2
3.9
3.8
4.3
4.7
4.5
2.9
4.8
4.7
3.6
4.9
4.5
2.3
2.9
2.2
1.4
3.1
2.8
4.1
4.2
3.8
4.6
4.8
2.5
5.2
4.4
3.8
4.5
4.0
2.1
3.8
1.8
1.4
3.1
2.6
4.4
3.8
6.0
4.9
4.8
2.5
5.2
4.4
3.6
4.6
4.0
2.2
2.8
2.1
1.5
3.0
2.7
4.1
4.4
3.3
4.5
5.1
3.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
4.9
4.2
2.2
2.9
2.1
1.3
3.0
3.0
3.7
4.0
3.0
5.3
4.6
2.3
5.0
4.4
3.3
4.6
5.1
2.4
3.1
2.3
1.5
3.1
3.9
4.2
4.3
4.0
5.2
4.6
2.7
5.0
5.1
3.1
5.4
5.8
2.5
3.0
2.5
1.7
296
220
249
280
288
317
3.2
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.1
3.4
882
2,141
1,273
1,347
967
2,008
1,253
1,312
998
2,024
1,324
1,279
1,102
2,060
1,285
1,236
1,033
2,160
1,349
1,243
1,150
2,160
1,487
1,246
3.2
3.9
3.8
3.9
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.0
3.6
4.1
3.9
4.4
3.6
4
REGION
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
3
No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
series.
4
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 2. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total.............................................. .
INDUSTRY
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging........................ .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . .
Accommodation and food services. . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding
education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,038
5,303
5,424
5,249
5,304
5,051
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.5
4,684
21
335
259
150
108
999
142
674
4,984
22
400
293
171
122
1,009
130
672
5,067
30
387
304
165
139
1,023
140
682
4,905
39
367
296
154
142
1,090
139
757
4,975
30
372
325
177
147
1,051
129
725
4,718
31
378
308
157
151
972
118
675
3.9
3.0
5.0
2.1
1.9
2.3
3.7
2.4
4.3
4.1
3.2
5.9
2.4
2.2
2.6
3.7
2.2
4.2
4.1
4.4
5.7
2.5
2.1
3.0
3.7
2.4
4.3
4.0
5.7
5.3
2.4
2.0
3.0
4.0
2.4
4.8
4.0
4.3
5.4
2.6
2.3
3.2
3.8
2.2
4.6
3.8
4.5
5.5
2.5
2.0
3.2
3.5
2.0
4.3
183
82
191
122
69
1,095
594
101
493
931
124
806
178
354
34
319
155
208
79
190
126
64
1,140
642
78
564
1,031
162
869
178
319
45
275
137
201
80
220
150
70
1,128
646
79
567
1,015
146
869
233
357
46
312
159
194
76
190
122
68
1,044
622
81
541
981
151
831
199
344
35
308
151
197
77
214
138
76
1,060
679
96
582
967
119
849
200
329
34
295
143
180
59
174
121
53
1,034
608
94
514
938
153
786
216
333
35
298
144
3.3
3.0
2.3
2.0
3.2
5.5
2.6
2.9
2.6
6.0
5.6
6.1
3.1
1.6
1.2
1.6
1.5
3.7
2.8
2.3
2.0
3.0
5.6
2.8
2.2
2.9
6.5
7.2
6.4
3.1
1.4
1.6
1.4
1.3
3.6
2.9
2.6
2.4
3.2
5.5
2.8
2.2
2.9
6.4
6.5
6.4
4.1
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
3.5
2.8
2.3
2.0
3.1
5.1
2.7
2.2
2.8
6.2
6.7
6.1
3.5
1.5
1.3
1.6
1.5
3.5
2.8
2.5
2.2
3.5
5.2
3.0
2.7
3.0
6.1
5.3
6.3
3.5
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.4
3.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
2.4
5.0
2.6
2.6
2.7
5.9
6.8
5.8
3.8
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.4
164
137
153
157
152
154
1.8
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
795
1,970
1,063
1,209
849
2,074
1,176
1,205
898
2,091
1,162
1,273
864
2,105
1,123
1,157
864
2,057
1,131
1,252
882
1,989
1,087
1,094
3.0
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.2
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.9
3.6
3.8
3.2
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.2
3.9
3.5
3.8
3.3
3.7
3.3
3.3
3
REGION
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 3. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total.............................................. .
INDUSTRY
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging........................ .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . .
Accommodation and food services. . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding
education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,962
5,084
5,247
5,008
5,198
4,973
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.6
3.4
4,598
30
339
267
159
108
992
140
685
4,754
22
369
287
163
124
958
142
631
4,908
32
361
304
163
141
1,012
150
670
4,662
32
339
280
155
125
1,056
135
749
4,882
25
374
318
173
146
1,063
132
745
4,643
24
372
315
163
152
928
115
645
3.8
4.4
5.1
2.2
2.0
2.3
3.6
2.4
4.3
3.9
3.3
5.4
2.3
2.1
2.7
3.5
2.4
4.0
4.0
4.8
5.3
2.5
2.1
3.0
3.7
2.5
4.2
3.8
4.7
4.9
2.3
2.0
2.7
3.9
2.3
4.7
4.0
3.6
5.4
2.6
2.2
3.1
3.9
2.2
4.7
3.8
3.4
5.4
2.5
2.1
3.2
3.4
1.9
4.1
167
81
173
103
70
1,031
556
83
473
955
130
824
173
364
44
320
164
185
82
162
107
55
1,132
596
73
522
974
156
817
172
330
41
289
133
192
87
198
133
65
1,068
639
82
557
987
135
852
219
339
38
301
151
171
79
182
127
55
999
548
59
488
968
140
828
179
347
35
312
168
186
79
201
126
75
1,033
635
90
545
966
137
829
188
315
37
278
130
168
66
163
108
55
1,035
595
87
508
927
137
790
220
331
37
294
147
3.0
2.9
2.1
1.7
3.3
5.2
2.5
2.3
2.5
6.1
5.9
6.2
3.0
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.6
3.3
3.0
1.9
1.7
2.5
5.5
2.6
2.0
2.7
6.2
7.0
6.1
3.0
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.3
3.4
3.2
2.4
2.1
3.0
5.2
2.8
2.3
2.9
6.3
6.0
6.3
3.8
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.5
3.1
2.9
2.2
2.0
2.5
4.9
2.4
1.6
2.5
6.1
6.2
6.1
3.1
1.6
1.2
1.6
1.6
3.3
2.9
2.4
2.0
3.4
5.0
2.8
2.5
2.8
6.1
6.1
6.1
3.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.2
3.0
2.4
1.9
1.7
2.5
5.0
2.6
2.4
2.6
5.8
6.1
5.8
3.8
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.4
156
156
149
144
148
147
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
751
1,937
1,076
1,198
812
1,966
1,128
1,178
840
1,991
1,177
1,239
866
1,971
1,057
1,114
816
2,057
1,162
1,163
783
1,994
1,069
1,128
2.8
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.1
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.2
3.7
3.3
3.3
3.0
3.9
3.6
3.5
2.9
3.7
3.3
3.4
3
REGION
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 4. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total.............................................. .
INDUSTRY
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging........................ .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing3.. .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . .
Accommodation and food services. . .
Other services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding
education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,902
3,085
3,186
3,036
3,138
3,027
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.1
2,728
13
114
142
79
64
629
83
450
2,915
12
134
165
89
75
623
94
432
3,011
13
151
177
96
82
657
103
469
2,865
17
162
184
97
88
672
71
492
2,962
13
164
183
94
89
678
76
498
2,872
11
166
176
94
82
586
70
426
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.2
1.0
1.4
2.3
1.4
2.8
2.4
1.9
2.0
1.3
1.2
1.6
2.3
1.6
2.7
2.4
2.0
2.2
1.4
1.2
1.8
2.4
1.8
2.9
2.3
2.5
2.4
1.5
1.2
1.9
2.5
1.2
3.1
2.4
1.9
2.4
1.5
1.2
1.9
2.5
1.3
3.1
2.3
1.6
2.4
1.4
1.2
1.8
2.1
1.2
2.7
96
39
96
58
38
565
375
42
334
649
67
582
105
175
15
159
74
97
49
78
59
19
672
409
41
367
688
73
615
86
170
15
155
70
85
42
123
80
43
625
438
45
394
662
70
593
123
175
15
161
75
109
48
85
57
28
569
371
41
330
660
76
584
97
171
16
155
74
105
43
105
71
34
618
426
48
379
649
76
573
83
176
16
159
72
90
31
104
68
36
642
397
42
355
645
80
565
113
155
16
139
72
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.8
2.8
1.7
1.2
1.8
4.2
3.0
4.4
1.9
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.7
1.7
1.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
3.3
1.8
1.1
1.9
4.4
3.2
4.6
1.5
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.7
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3
2.0
3.1
1.9
1.2
2.0
4.2
3.1
4.4
2.1
0.8
0.5
0.8
0.7
2.0
1.7
1.0
0.9
1.3
2.8
1.6
1.1
1.7
4.2
3.4
4.3
1.7
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.7
1.9
1.6
1.2
1.1
1.5
3.0
1.9
1.3
2.0
4.1
3.4
4.2
1.4
0.8
0.6
0.8
0.7
1.6
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.7
3.1
1.7
1.2
1.8
4.1
3.6
4.2
2.0
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
85
85
86
81
87
67
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.7
333
1,201
666
702
440
1,250
664
730
430
1,248
719
789
426
1,267
694
649
419
1,308
695
715
429
1,237
651
710
1.3
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.6
2.4
2.1
2.2
1.6
2.4
2.2
2.4
1.6
2.4
2.1
2.0
1.6
2.5
2.1
2.1
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.1
4
REGION
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
series.
4
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 5. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total.............................................. .
INDUSTRY
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . .
Accommodation and food services. . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding
education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,669
1,624
1,659
1,594
1,661
1,590
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1,547
14
210
97
64
32
264
45
164
1,525
6
214
100
57
43
247
36
142
1,555
16
177
103
55
48
289
39
155
1,483
12
155
73
43
30
309
49
210
1,582
8
197
112
67
44
303
45
195
1,479
10
195
116
56
60
261
33
162
1.3
2.1
3.1
0.8
0.8
0.7
1.0
0.8
1.0
1.2
0.9
3.2
0.8
0.7
0.9
0.9
0.6
0.9
1.3
2.4
2.6
0.8
0.7
1.0
1.1
0.7
1.0
1.2
1.7
2.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
1.1
0.8
1.3
1.3
1.2
2.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.1
0.8
1.2
1.2
1.4
2.8
0.9
0.7
1.3
1.0
0.6
1.0
55
29
51
26
24
410
140
38
102
268
61
207
63
122
13
109
61
69
23
61
29
32
401
142
28
114
256
81
175
75
99
13
86
40
94
27
50
30
19
383
132
31
102
296
60
235
83
104
13
91
51
50
23
68
46
22
367
127
16
111
276
61
215
73
111
10
101
63
63
28
70
32
38
325
161
36
126
278
58
220
100
79
11
69
32
66
22
37
21
15
334
162
39
123
243
53
190
99
111
11
100
44
1.0
1.1
0.6
0.4
1.1
2.1
0.6
1.1
0.5
1.7
2.7
1.6
1.1
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.6
1.2
0.8
0.7
0.5
1.5
2.0
0.6
0.8
0.6
1.6
3.6
1.3
1.3
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.4
1.7
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.9
1.9
0.6
0.9
0.5
1.9
2.7
1.7
1.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.7
1.0
1.8
0.6
0.5
0.6
1.7
2.7
1.6
1.3
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.5
1.7
1.6
0.7
1.0
0.6
1.8
2.6
1.6
1.8
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.7
1.6
0.7
1.1
0.6
1.5
2.4
1.4
1.7
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.4
48
46
39
38
36
56
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
353
571
324
420
310
566
387
361
340
573
383
362
374
566
294
361
327
601
368
365
286
622
348
335
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.4
1.1
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
4
REGION
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
series.
4
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 6. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Dec.
2016
Jan.
2017
Feb.
2017
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total.............................................. .
INDUSTRY
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging........................ .
Construction3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods3..................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and
utilities3................................ .
Information3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing3.. .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance3. . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation3.. .
Accommodation and food services3.. .
Other services3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local education. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State and local, excluding
education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
390
375
402
378
399
357
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
323
3
15
27
15
12
99
12
72
314
4
20
23
17
6
88
13
57
342
3
32
24
13
11
66
7
46
314
4
22
24
16
8
74
14
48
338
4
13
23
11
12
82
12
52
292
3
11
23
13
10
81
11
58
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
16
13
27
18
8
56
41
3
38
38
3
35
4
67
15
51
28
18
10
23
20
4
59
45
4
41
30
3
27
12
62
13
49
23
13
18
26
23
3
61
68
7
61
29
5
24
14
60
10
49
25
12
8
29
24
4
62
50
2
47
32
3
29
10
64
9
56
31
18
9
25
22
3
90
48
7
41
40
3
37
5
60
10
50
25
12
13
22
18
3
58
35
5
30
39
3
35
8
65
10
55
30
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
23
26
24
24
25
25
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
64
165
85
76
62
150
77
86
70
171
75
87
66
139
69
104
70
148
98
82
68
136
71
83
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
4
REGION
Northeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
No regular seasonal movements could be identified in this series; therefore, identical numbers appear for the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
series.
4
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
2
Table 7. Job openings levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDUSTRY
Total private......................................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction...................................................... .
Manufacturing.................................................... .
Durable goods................................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade............................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services........................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . .......................... .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation......................... .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government......................................................... .
Federal............................................................ .
State and local................................................... .
State and local education.................................... .
State and local, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,951
5,723
6,371
4.0
3.8
4.2
5,435
11
184
364
194
169
1,050
235
601
214
92
368
273
96
1,056
1,136
107
1,029
903
119
784
270
516
82
435
139
296
5,198
25
161
404
230
174
942
183
587
172
83
309
241
68
1,160
1,051
87
964
757
81
677
306
525
91
435
147
288
5,796
22
203
359
200
159
945
196
571
178
111
414
323
91
1,230
1,164
99
1,065
997
101
896
352
575
85
489
172
317
4.3
1.6
2.7
2.9
2.5
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.2
4.3
4.3
4.3
5.0
4.8
2.8
5.2
5.5
5.2
5.6
4.6
2.2
2.9
2.1
1.3
3.2
4.1
3.5
2.4
3.2
2.9
3.6
3.4
3.0
3.6
3.0
3.0
3.6
3.7
3.1
5.4
4.3
2.2
4.8
4.7
3.8
4.8
5.1
2.3
3.1
2.1
1.3
3.1
4.5
3.1
2.9
2.8
2.5
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.1
3.9
4.7
4.9
4.0
5.6
4.8
2.5
5.2
6.0
4.4
6.2
5.8
2.5
3.0
2.4
1.6
3.4
REGION3
Northeast............................................................ .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest.............................................................. .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
921
2,271
1,321
1,439
990
2,183
1,338
1,212
1,206
2,296
1,546
1,324
3.3
4.2
4.0
4.2
3.6
4.0
4.0
3.5
4.3
4.1
4.5
3.8
1
Job openings are the number of job openings on the last business day of the month.
The job openings rate is the number of job openings on the last business day of the month as a percent of total employment plus job openings.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 8. Hires levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDUSTRY
Total private......................................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction...................................................... .
Manufacturing.................................................... .
Durable goods................................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade............................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services........................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . .......................... .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation......................... .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government......................................................... .
Federal............................................................ .
State and local................................................... .
State and local education.................................... .
State and local, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5,408
5,031
5,357
3.8
3.5
3.7
5,124
23
453
268
161
107
1,004
166
673
165
89
207
123
84
1,227
579
65
515
1,090
170
920
184
284
32
252
83
168
4,781
30
361
313
176
137
1,030
136
732
163
70
207
130
77
1,009
598
61
537
982
110
871
181
250
31
219
79
140
5,093
35
516
318
165
154
925
134
640
151
63
184
120
64
1,155
592
62
530
1,077
210
868
227
265
31
234
76
158
4.2
3.5
6.8
2.2
2.1
2.3
3.7
2.8
4.3
3.0
3.2
2.5
2.0
4.0
6.1
2.6
1.7
2.7
7.0
7.8
6.9
3.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
0.8
1.9
3.9
4.3
5.5
2.5
2.3
3.0
3.8
2.3
4.7
2.9
2.5
2.5
2.1
3.6
5.0
2.6
1.6
2.8
6.4
5.3
6.5
3.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.7
1.6
4.1
5.1
7.6
2.6
2.1
3.3
3.4
2.3
4.1
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.9
3.0
5.6
2.6
1.6
2.7
6.8
9.6
6.4
4.0
1.2
1.1
1.2
0.7
1.7
REGION3
Northeast............................................................ .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest.............................................................. .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
859
2,078
1,223
1,248
801
1,980
1,081
1,168
947
2,064
1,222
1,123
3.2
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.0
3.7
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.4
1
Hires are the number of hires during the entire month.
The hires rate is the number of hires during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 9. Total separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDUSTRY
Total private......................................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction...................................................... .
Manufacturing.................................................... .
Durable goods................................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade............................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services........................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . .......................... .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation......................... .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government......................................................... .
Federal............................................................ .
State and local................................................... .
State and local education.................................... .
State and local, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4,837
4,575
4,806
3.4
3.2
3.3
4,581
31
312
264
161
103
973
149
666
157
82
187
115
72
1,108
532
59
473
929
137
792
163
256
40
217
88
129
4,352
24
323
298
161
137
943
130
650
163
76
196
130
66
946
578
61
517
806
102
704
161
223
32
191
72
120
4,577
23
362
313
166
146
899
120
624
154
66
173
117
56
1,084
566
62
504
882
132
749
209
229
33
197
81
116
3.8
4.6
4.7
2.1
2.1
2.3
3.6
2.5
4.3
2.9
2.9
2.3
1.9
3.4
5.5
2.3
1.6
2.5
6.0
6.3
6.0
2.9
1.1
1.4
1.1
0.8
1.4
3.6
3.5
4.9
2.4
2.1
3.0
3.5
2.2
4.2
2.9
2.8
2.3
2.1
3.1
4.7
2.5
1.6
2.7
5.2
4.9
5.3
2.8
1.0
1.1
1.0
0.7
1.3
3.7
3.3
5.4
2.5
2.2
3.2
3.3
2.0
4.0
2.8
2.4
2.1
1.9
2.6
5.3
2.4
1.6
2.6
5.6
6.0
5.5
3.6
1.0
1.2
1.0
0.7
1.3
REGION3
Northeast............................................................ .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest.............................................................. .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
710
1,925
1,024
1,179
655
1,868
1,007
1,045
733
1,983
995
1,094
2.7
3.7
3.2
3.6
2.4
3.5
3.1
3.2
2.7
3.7
3.1
3.3
1
Total separations are the number of total separations during the entire month.
The total separations rate is the number of total separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 10. Quits levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDUSTRY
Total private......................................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction...................................................... .
Manufacturing.................................................... .
Durable goods................................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade............................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services........................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . .......................... .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation......................... .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government......................................................... .
Federal............................................................ .
State and local................................................... .
State and local education.................................... .
State and local, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2,910
2,828
3,016
2.0
2.0
2.1
2,769
13
118
151
86
65
645
91
454
100
39
101
64
38
580
372
33
339
644
58
586
105
142
14
127
45
82
2,691
11
144
175
89
86
622
75
447
99
40
107
73
34
567
392
34
358
550
55
495
83
138
15
123
46
77
2,895
11
177
185
102
83
595
75
426
93
31
111
75
36
655
388
31
357
630
72
557
113
121
15
106
43
63
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.2
1.1
1.4
2.4
1.6
2.9
1.8
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.8
2.9
1.6
0.9
1.8
4.2
2.7
4.4
1.9
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.9
2.2
1.6
2.2
1.4
1.2
1.9
2.3
1.3
2.9
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.6
2.8
1.7
0.9
1.9
3.6
2.6
3.7
1.4
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.9
2.3
1.6
2.6
1.5
1.3
1.8
2.2
1.3
2.7
1.7
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.7
3.2
1.7
0.8
1.8
4.0
3.3
4.1
2.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.7
REGION3
Northeast............................................................ .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest.............................................................. .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
323
1,228
655
705
348
1,214
612
654
413
1,264
627
711
1.2
2.3
2.0
2.1
1.3
2.3
1.9
2.0
1.5
2.4
1.9
2.1
1
Quits are the number of quits during the entire month.
The quits rate is the number of quits during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 11. Layoffs and discharges levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDUSTRY
Total private......................................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction...................................................... .
Manufacturing.................................................... .
Durable goods................................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade............................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services........................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . .......................... .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation......................... .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government......................................................... .
Federal............................................................ .
State and local................................................... .
State and local education.................................... .
State and local, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,560
1,386
1,453
1.1
1.0
1.0
1,493
14
180
85
58
26
231
45
146
41
30
57
30
26
475
119
23
96
247
76
171
54
68
11
56
28
28
1,344
8
166
101
62
39
251
45
161
46
27
69
40
29
293
138
20
118
216
45
171
74
43
9
34
14
20
1,390
10
175
104
51
54
222
33
140
49
21
38
22
16
375
143
25
117
213
57
157
88
63
9
53
20
33
1.2
2.1
2.7
0.7
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.1
0.7
0.5
1.2
2.4
0.5
0.6
0.5
1.6
3.5
1.3
0.9
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
1.1
1.2
2.5
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.0
0.8
0.6
1.3
1.4
0.6
0.5
0.6
1.4
2.2
1.3
1.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.1
1.4
2.6
0.8
0.7
1.2
0.8
0.6
0.9
0.9
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.7
1.8
0.6
0.7
0.6
1.4
2.6
1.2
1.5
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
REGION3
Northeast............................................................ .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest.............................................................. .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
326
547
288
399
244
530
304
309
253
600
299
301
1.2
1.0
0.9
1.2
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.9
1
Layoffs and discharges are the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month.
The layoffs and discharges rate is the number of layoffs and discharges during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
2
Table 12. Other separations levels and rates by industry and region, not seasonally adjusted1
Rates2
Levels (in thousands)
Industry and region
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Apr.
2016
Mar.
2017
Apr.
2017p
Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDUSTRY
Total private......................................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction...................................................... .
Manufacturing.................................................... .
Durable goods................................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade............................................... .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, warehousing, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services........................... .
Education and health services. . . . . . . .......................... .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation......................... .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government......................................................... .
Federal............................................................ .
State and local................................................... .
State and local education.................................... .
State and local, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
367
360
336
0.3
0.2
0.2
320
3
15
28
16
12
96
13
67
16
13
29
21
8
53
41
3
38
38
3
35
4
47
14
33
14
19
318
5
13
23
11
12
70
10
42
18
9
20
17
3
86
48
7
41
40
3
37
5
43
8
34
12
23
291
2
11
23
14
10
82
12
58
12
13
23
20
3
54
35
5
30
39
3
35
8
46
9
37
17
20
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
REGION3
Northeast............................................................ .
South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Midwest.............................................................. .
West. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
61
150
81
75
63
124
91
82
67
119
69
82
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
1
Other separations are the number of other separations during the entire month.
The other separations rate is the number of other separations during the entire month as a percent of total employment.
3
The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the regions are: Northeast: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New
Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia,
Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest:
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West: Alaska, Arizona,
California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Levels are rounded to the nearest thousand and rates are rounded to the nearest tenth. Levels and rates may round down to zero.
2