Highlights of Women’s
Earnings in 2008
125 YEARS
BLS
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
July 2009
Report 1017
men’s earnings ratio among 25- to 34-year-olds, for example, rose from 68 percent in 1979 to 89 percent in 2008, and
the ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 57 percent
to 75 percent. The earnings ratios for teenagers (87 percent
in 2008) and for workers aged 65 and older (75 percent in
2008) fluctuated from 1979 to 2008, but their long-term
trends have been essentially flat. (See table 12.)
Introduction
I
n 2008, women who were full-time wage and salary workers
had median weekly earnings of $638, or about 80 percent of
the $798 median for their male counterparts. In 1979, the first
year for which comparable earnings data are available, women
earned about 62 percent as much as men. After a gradual rise in
the 1980s and 1990s, the women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio peaked
at 81 percent in 2005 and 2006. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and
12.)
• Asian women and men earned more than their white, black,
and Hispanic counterparts in 2008. Among women, whites
($654) earned 87 percent as much as Asians ($753), while
blacks ($554) and Hispanics ($501) earned 74 percent and
67 percent as much, respectively. In comparison, white men
($825) earned 85 percent as much as Asian men ($966),
black men ($620) earned 64 percent as much, and Hispanic
men ($559), 58 percent. (See chart 2 and tables 1 and 14.)
This report presents earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information on earnings is collected from one-fourth of the CPS sample each month. Readers
should note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a
broad level and do not control for many factors that can be significant in explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description
of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and
definitions used, see the accompanying technical note.
• Earnings differences between women and men were widest
for Asians and for whites. Asian women and white women
earned just under 80 percent as much as their male counterparts in 2008. By comparison, black women and Hispanic
women had earnings that were around 90 percent of those
of their male counterparts. (See table 1.)
Highlights
Full-time workers
• Median weekly earnings were highest for women and men
aged 45 to 64. Within this broad age range, there was little
difference in the earnings of 45- to 54-year-olds and 55to 64-year-olds ($707 and $711, respectively, for women
and $944 and $943, respectively, for men). Young women
and men aged 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings at $420 and
$461, respectively. (See table 1.)
• Across the major race and Hispanic ethnicity categories,
women’s inflation-adjusted earnings grew from 1979 to
2008 while those for men were flat or down. Among women,
growth in real earnings for white women has outpaced that
of their black and Hispanic counterparts. Between 1979 and
2008, inflation-adjusted earnings for white women rose by
29 percent, while earnings growth among black and Hispanic
women was 19 percent and 15 percent, respectively. In contrast, real earnings for white men and for black men in 2008
were about the same as they were in 1979, while Hispanic
men’s earnings fell by about 8 percent. (See table 15.)
• Women aged 35 and older earned about 75 percent as much
as their male counterparts. Among younger workers, the
earnings differences between women and men were not
as great. Women earned about 89 percent as much as men
among workers 25 to 34 years old, and 91 percent as much
among 16- to 24-year-olds. (See table 1.)
The Consumer Price Index research series using current
methods—CPI-U-RS—is used to convert current dollars to
constant dollars for the inflation-adjusted comparisons in
this report. Asians could not be included in this analysis
because of the limited comparable data series available.
(See note in table 15.)
• Between 1979 and 2008, the earnings gap between women
and men narrowed for most age groups. The women’s-to-
1
• Women’s long-term earnings growth reflects, in part, gains
in their education levels and their movement into higher
paying occupations over time. Although men’s educational
attainment also has improved since 1979, the relative gains
have not been as great, nor has the occupational distribution of employed men changed as significantly as that
of women. In 1979, among women aged 25 to 64 in the
civilian labor force, 20 percent were high school dropouts,
45 percent had only a high school diploma, and 35 percent
had been to college. By 2008, just 7 percent lacked a high
school diploma, 27 percent had a high school diploma, and
66 percent had been to college after high school. Among 25to 64-year-old men in the civilian labor force, the proportion of high school dropouts fell from 23 to 11 percent over
the same period, the proportion of high school graduates
with no college went from 36 to 30 percent, and the share
with some college or a college degree increased from 41 to
59 percent.
and finance, the highest paying occupations for women
were chief executives and computer and information systems managers. Within professional and related occupations, women working as pharmacists or lawyers had the
highest median weekly earnings. (See table 2.)
• The occupational distributions of female and male full-time
workers differ significantly. Relatively few women work in
construction, production, or transportation occupations, and
women are far more concentrated in administrative support
jobs. (See chart 4 and table 2.)
• Although women are more likely than men to work in professional and related occupations, they are not as well represented in the higher paying job groups within this broad
category. In 2008, only 9 percent of female professionals
compared with 45 percent of male professionals were employed in the high-paying computer and engineering fields.
Professional women were more likely to work in the education and health care occupations, in which pay was generally lower. Sixty-eight percent of female professionals
worked in these fields in 2008, compared with 29 percent of
male professionals. (See table 2.)
Data for 1979 are based on the March CPS; data for 2008
are annual averages. Prior to 1992, educational attainment
data were based on the number of years of school completed. Since 1992, the data reflect the highest diploma or degree received. These historical educational attainment data
are published in the annual CPS report, Women in the Labor
Force: A Databook, online at http://www.bls.gov/cps/wlftable9-2008.pdf.
• The ratio of female-to-male earnings varied by place of
residence, ranging from 68 percent in Wyoming to 92 percent
in the District of Columbia. The differences among the States
reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and industries
found in each State and in the age composition of each
State’s labor force. Sampling error for the State estimates
is considerably larger than it is for the national estimates;
thus, comparisons of State estimates should be made with
caution. (See table 3.)
• Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational
level. Among both women and men aged 25 and older, the
weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma
($378 for women and $497 for men) were less than half of
those with a college degree ($955 for women and $1,285 for
men) in 2008. Women and men with a high school diploma
but no college earned about 55 percent of what college
graduates did. (See tables 1 and 6.)
• Median weekly earnings for married women and men were
higher than those for their unmarried counterparts. As a
group, married workers tend to be older and so are more
likely to be in their prime earning years. Among married
workers of either sex, the earnings of those with children
under age 18 differed only slightly from those without
children. Among unmarried workers, women without
children earned 13 percent more than those with children.
The opposite was true among unmarried men: those with
children earned 11 percent more than those with no children.
(See table 8.)
• At all levels of education, women have fared better than men
with respect to earnings growth. Although both women and
men with less than a high school diploma have experienced
declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the drop
for women was significantly less than that for men—10 percent as opposed to 29 percent. Earnings for women with
college degrees have increased by 31 percent since 1979
on an inflation-adjusted basis, while those of male college
graduates have risen by 18 percent. (Data pertain to workers
aged 25 and older.) (See chart 3 and table 17.)
• Among full-time workers, that is, those working 35 hours
or more per week in a job, men were more likely than
women to have a longer workweek. In 2008, 26 percent of
men working full-time jobs had workweeks of 41 hours or
more, compared with 14 percent of female full-time workers. Women were 3 times as likely as men to work 35 to
39 hours per week—12 percent as opposed to 4 percent. A
majority of both male and female full-time workers had a
• Women working in full-time management, business, and
financial operations jobs had median weekly earnings of
$941 in 2008, more than women earned in any other major occupational category. The second-highest paying job
group was professional and related occupations, in which
women earned $867 per week. In management, business,
2
40-hour workweek; among these workers, women earned
87 percent as much as men. (See table 5.)
hourly earnings of $11.49, 85 percent of the median for men
paid by the hour ($13.46). (See tables 9, 10, and 18-22.)
Part-time workers
• Women are more likely than men to work part time, that is,
fewer than 35 hours per week in her sole or principal job.
Women who worked part time made up 24 percent of all
female wage and salary workers in 2008. In contrast, only
11 percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time.
These proportions have not changed much over time. (See
tables 4 and 5.)
• Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2008, 4 percent of women and 2 percent of men had hourly earnings at
or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage. (See tables
11 and 22.)
On July 24, 2008, the Federal minimum wage level rose
from $5.85 to $6.55 an hour. Minimum wage data in this
report reflect the average number of workers who earned
$5.85 or less from January 2008 through July 2008 and
those who earned $6.55 or less from August 2008 through
the end of the year. For information about workers with
earnings below the Federal minimum wage, see the accompanying technical note.
• Median weekly earnings of female part-time workers were
$223, compared with $209 for their male counterparts. The
lower earnings for men in part reflect the fact that male
part-time workers are more concentrated in the youngest
age groups, which typically have low earnings. About half
of male part-timers were 16 to 24 years old, compared with
just under a third of female part-timers. (See table 4.)
• Among both women and men, hourly paid workers aged
16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below
the minimum wage. Eleven percent of all teenage workers earned the prevailing Federal minimum wage or less,
compared with just 2 percent of hourly paid workers aged
25 and older. Among those aged 20 to 24, about 6 percent had
earnings at or below the minimum wage. (See table 11.)
Workers paid by the hour
• Sixty-one percent of women and 56 percent of men
employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour
in 2008. Women who were paid hourly rates had median
3
Chart 1. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2008 annual
averages
Percent
Percent
90
90
85
85
80
80
75
75
70
70
65
65
60
60
55
55
50
50
1979
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2008
Chart 2. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2008 annual averages
Earnings
(dollars)
Earnings
(dollars)
1,000
1,000
$966
Women
Men
$825
$798
800
800
$753
$638
$654
600
$620
$559
$554
600
$501
400
400
200
200
0
0
Total
White
Black or
African-American
4
Asian
Hispanic or Latino
Chart 3. Percent change in constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex,
1979–2008
Highest educational level
31
Bachelor’s degree and higher
Women
18
Men
8
Some college or associate degree
–9
2
High school, no college
–17
–10
Less than a high school diploma
–29
–40
–30
–10
–20
0
10
20
40
30
Percent change
NOTE: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older.
Chart 4. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group,
2008 annual averages
Percent
of total
40
Percent
of total
40
Women
35
35
Men
30
30
27.7
25
20
19.7
18.8
18.1
15.8
15
25
23.6
20
15.8
14.9
15
12.4
9.6
10
9.4
10
6.7
6.6
5
5
1.0
0
0
Management,
business, and
financial operations
occupations
Professional
and related
occupations
Service
occupations
Sales
and related
occupations
5
Office and
administrative
support
occupations
Natural
Production,
resources,
transportation, and
construction,
material-moving
and maintenance
occupations
occupations
Statistical Tables
Page
1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2008 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................
8
2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages ............................................................................................................................... ................................. 10
3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by State and sex, 2008 annual
averages ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2008 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................. 38
5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,
2008 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................. 40
6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages ......................................................................................................................... 42
7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected characteristics,
2008 annual averages . ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital status, and presence
and age of own children under 18 years old, 2008 annual averages ......................................................................................... 45
9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics,
2008 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................ 46
10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected characteristics,
2008 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................................ 48
11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage,
by selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages .................................................................................................................... 50
12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age,
1979–2008 annual averages ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2008) dollars, by sex and
age, 1979–2008 annual averages ............................................................................................................................................... 56
14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual averages ........................................................................................................ 59
15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2008) dollars, by sex, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual averages ................................................................................................. 63
16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars, by
sex and educational attainment, 1979–2008 annual averages .................................................................................................. 66
17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2008)
dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2008 annual averages ................................................................................. 70
6
Statistical Tables, continued
Page
18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age,
1979–2008 annual averages ...................................................................................................................................................... 73
19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2008) dollars, by sex and
age, 1979–2008 annual averages .............................................................................................................................................. 77
20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual averages ....................................................................................................... 80
21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2008) dollars, by sex,
race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual averages ........................................................................................ 84
22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage,
by sex, 1979–2008 annual averages .......................................................................................................................................... 87
7
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected
characteristics, 2008 annual averages
Both sexes
Characteristic
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$722
443
349
467
761
666
804
822
825
644
$2
3
4
3
2
3
5
5
6
11
47,209
4,625
633
3,992
42,584
10,974
11,385
12,258
6,827
1,140
$638
420
322
445
670
623
682
707
711
563
$2
3
4
5
2
3
5
5
6
13
86,022
12,821
5,266
15,807
742
589
861
529
2
3
12
4
36,940
6,790
2,347
5,846
654
554
753
501
2
6
10
4
27,981
60,901
17,767
11,891
4,210
1,667
585
812
678
722
589
639
2
3
4
5
6
14
12,165
24,839
10,205
6,856
2,094
1,255
564
692
624
658
538
606
5
4
4
6
12
9
14,561
16,029
90,620
886
880
691
5
4
2
6,077
6,823
40,386
809
800
615
8
7
2
96,027
8,120
27,392
26,526
33,990
761
453
618
722
1,115
2
4
2
3
6
42,584
2,566
11,451
12,756
15,812
670
378
520
628
955
2
3
2
3
4
AGE
Total, 16 years and older................................ 106,648
16 to 24 years........................................................
10,621
1,552
16 to 19 years.....................................................
9,069
20 to 24 years.....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
96,027
25,643
25 to 34 years.....................................................
26,408
35 to 44 years.....................................................
26,640
45 to 54 years.....................................................
14,763
55 to 64 years.....................................................
2,573
65 years and older..............................................
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White......................................................................
Black or African American......................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
MARITAL STATUS
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status................................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION1
Members of unions 2 .............................................
Represented by unions 3 ........................................
Not represented by a union....................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school, no college 4 ...................................
Some college or associate degree.....................
Bachelor's degree and higher 5 ..........................
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years........................................................
16 to 19 years.....................................................
20 to 24 years.....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years.....................................................
35 to 44 years.....................................................
45 to 54 years.....................................................
55 to 64 years.....................................................
65 years and older..............................................
59,439
5,996
919
5,077
53,444
14,669
15,023
14,382
7,936
1,434
$798
461
369
481
857
704
915
944
943
753
$3
4
6
3
3
4
6
6
8
17
79.9
91.1
87.3
92.5
78.2
88.5
74.5
74.9
75.4
74.8
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White......................................................................
Black or African American......................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
49,082
6,031
2,919
9,961
825
620
966
559
3
5
15
6
79.3
89.4
78.0
89.6
15,815
36,062
7,562
5,035
2,115
412
599
917
759
811
630
794
3
4
7
9
12
28
94.2
75.5
82.2
81.1
85.4
76.3
8,483
9,205
50,234
939
937
766
6
6
3
86.2
85.4
80.3
53,444
5,554
15,941
13,770
18,178
857
497
709
830
1,285
3
3
4
5
11
78.2
76.1
73.3
75.7
74.3
Characteristic
AGE
MARITAL STATUS
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status................................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION1
Members of unions 2 .............................................
Represented by unions 3........................................
Not represented by a union....................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school, no college 4 ...................................
Some college or associate degree.....................
Bachelor's degree and higher 5 ..........................
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, or geographic region.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3
Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
4
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's, professional, or doctoral degree.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not
sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
5
9
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages
Both sexes
Occupation
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
106,648
$722
$2
40,154
1,025
16,310
11,223
1,044
919
16
69
867
57
92
431
1,063
288
222
183
Total, 16 years and older……………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations managers……………………………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Engineering managers…………………………………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral directors……….………………………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers……….. ………
Social and community service managers……………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers, except agriculture,
construction, health and safety, and
transportation…………………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists……………………………………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
Management analysts…………………………………
Meeting and convention planners……………………
Other business operations specialists………………
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
47,209
$638
$2
4
20,535
892
4
1,128
1,204
1,903
1,229
(1)
1,097
1,345
1,232
1,003
1,576
1,134
1,233
1,253
1,139
7
14
11
29
(1)
121
27
55
56
44
19
50
61
59
7,463
4,535
251
274
7
52
357
31
26
120
583
194
30
72
941
979
1,603
993
(1)
1,000
1,024
(1)
(1)
1,260
945
1,137
(1)
995
6
10
120
40
(1)
144
71
(1)
(1)
211
17
44
(1)
48
218
76
586
725
99
619
25
14
119
500
15
36
877
775
1,189
1,170
1,752
676
(1)
(1)
788
1,170
(1)
(1)
39
85
35
33
26
18
(1)
(1)
93
66
(1)
(1)
38
13
49
447
5
296
6
4
56
351
2
19
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,000
(1)
628
(1)
(1)
720
1,066
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
59
(1)
18
(1)
(1)
76
42
(1)
(1)
303
277
2,361
5,087
847
965
1,225
974
44
34
22
9
177
191
885
2,928
758
871
1,010
885
34
49
24
10
28
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
11
3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
152
816
45
70
801
76
253
890
26
146
859
33
286
810
26
188
766
21
164
82
1,126
1,055
54
53
86
9
950
(1)
58
(1)
717
39
454
47
214
918
(1)
1,255
(1)
931
25
59
26
(1)
38
504
19
209
37
145
850
(1)
1,139
(1)
850
29
(1)
36
(1)
22
See footnotes at end of table.
10
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Total, 16 years and older..................................................
59,439
$798
$3
79.9
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations managers……………………………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Engineering managers…………………………………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral directors……….………………………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers……….. ………
Social and community service managers……………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers, except agriculture,
construction, health and safety, and
transportation…………………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists……………………………………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
Management analysts…………………………………
Meeting and convention planners……………………
Other business operations specialists………………
19,619
1,238
6
72.1
8,847
6,687
793
646
9
17
510
26
66
311
480
93
192
111
1,343
1,384
1,999
1,315
(1)
(1)
1,601
(1)
1,012
1,641
1,457
1,433
1,285
1,251
8
11
128
65
(1)
(1)
66
(1)
64
35
33
81
75
75
70.1
70.7
80.2
75.5
(²)
(²)
64.0
(²)
(²)
76.8
64.9
79.3
(²)
79.5
179
63
536
278
95
323
18
11
63
150
12
17
885
802
1,219
1,398
1,758
739
(1)
(1)
877
1,504
(1)
(1)
46
91
35
32
26
18
(1)
(1)
89
55
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
71.5
(²)
85.0
(²)
(²)
82.1
70.9
(²)
(²)
126
86
1,477
2,159
1,054
1,254
1,359
1,167
68
159
17
18
71.9
69.5
74.3
75.8
17
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
82
826
63
97.0
107
923
87
93.1
99
891
61
86.0
78
73
1,245
1,082
32
105
76.3
(²)
213
21
245
10
69
1,158
(1)
1,391
(1)
1,157
63
(1)
72
(1)
42
73.4
(²)
81.9
(²)
73.5
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Accountants and auditors……………………………
1,494
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
61
Budget analysts………………………………………
62
Credit analysts…………………………………………
20
Financial analysts………………………………………
84
Personal financial advisors……………………………
313
Insurance underwriters………………………………
77
Financial examiners……………………………………
6
Loan counselors and officers…………………………
355
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents……
53
Tax preparers…………………………………………
54
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
66
Professional and related occupations…………………… 23,845
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
3,344
Computer scientists and systems analysts…………
752
Computer programmers………………………………
470
Computer software engineers………………………
955
Computer support specialists…………………………
379
Database administrators………………………………
93
Network and computer systems administrators……
212
Network systems and data communications
analysts………………………………………………
353
Actuaries………………………………………………
24
Mathematicians…………………………………………
2
Operations research analysts…………………………
69
Statisticians……………………………………………
33
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
2
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,652
Architects, except naval………………………………
150
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
34
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
131
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
4
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
10
64
Chemical engineers……………………………………
303
Civil engineers…………………………………………
Computer hardware engineers………………………
62
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
334
Environmental engineers………………………………
29
Industrial engineers, including health and safety…
163
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
15
41
Materials engineers……………………………………
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
300
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
12
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
9
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
18
347
Engineers, all other……………………………………
150
Drafters…………………………………………………
392
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
87
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
1,080
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
34
See footnotes at end of table.
12
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$981
1,089
1,197
(1)
1,378
1,194
957
(1)
916
850
911
964
980
1,242
1,184
1,218
1,529
893
1,274
1,189
$15
323
92
(1)
91
85
281
(1)
29
41
104
83
4
10
24
39
19
22
180
62
1,130
(1)
(1)
1,259
(1)
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
904
22
37
11
39
117
62
3
201
35
36
35
13,072
828
213
105
196
105
25
46
$908
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
935
917
(1)
812
(1)
(1)
(1)
867
1,088
1,082
1,003
1,351
878
(1)
(1)
$19
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
52
36
(1)
46
(1)
(1)
(1)
5
27
46
59
47
32
(1)
(1)
33
(1)
(1)
29
(1)
82
6
36
14
961
(1)
(1)
(1)
62
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,244
1,128
(1)
14
56
334
35
1,001
(1)
22
(1)
(1)
1,554
(1)
(1)
1,546
1,332
1,258
1,443
(1)
1,311
(1)
(1)
1,433
(1)
46
(1)
(1)
83
36
30
34
(1)
64
(1)
(1)
24
3
12
3
8
36
14
26
8
23
6
23
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,418
881
905
794
1,035
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
41
31
25
58
27
(1)
1
1
39
31
59
6
477
11
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
781
(1)
931
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
29
(1)
20
(1)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Accountants and auditors……………………………
591
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
39
Budget analysts………………………………………
26
Credit analysts…………………………………………
9
Financial analysts………………………………………
45
Personal financial advisors……………………………
197
Insurance underwriters………………………………
15
Financial examiners……………………………………
4
Loan counselors and officers…………………………
154
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents……
18
Tax preparers…………………………………………
18
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
30
Professional and related occupations…………………… 10,773
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
2,516
Computer scientists and systems analysts…………
538
Computer programmers………………………………
365
Computer software engineers………………………
759
Computer support specialists…………………………
274
Database administrators………………………………
68
Network and computer systems administrators……
166
Network systems and data communications
analysts………………………………………………
271
Actuaries………………………………………………
18
Mathematicians…………………………………………
2
Operations research analysts…………………………
34
Statisticians……………………………………………
19
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
1
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,319
Architects, except naval………………………………
115
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
32
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
120
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
4
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
8
Chemical engineers……………………………………
56
Civil engineers…………………………………………
268
Computer hardware engineers………………………
48
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
307
Environmental engineers………………………………
21
Industrial engineers, including health and safety…
140
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
15
Materials engineers……………………………………
35
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
276
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
10
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
9
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
17
Engineers, all other……………………………………
308
Drafters…………………………………………………
119
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
332
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
80
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
603
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
23
See footnotes at end of table.
13
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
$1,178
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,370
(1)
(1)
1,118
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,169
1,320
1,240
1,261
1,555
903
1,289
1,209
$55
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
49
(1)
(1)
88
(1)
(1)
(1)
7
34
36
24
17
30
163
62
77.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
68.2
(²)
(²)
72.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
74.2
82.4
87.3
79.5
86.9
97.2
(²)
(²)
1,184
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
45
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
81.2
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1,286
1,273
(1)
21
174
(²)
77.8
(²)
(1)
1,622
(1)
(1)
1,562
1,349
(1)
1,475
(1)
1,364
(1)
(1)
1,445
(1)
120
(1)
(1)
78
31
(1)
48
(1)
40
(1)
(1)
25
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,425
924
933
801
1,156
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
47
39
45
56
25
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
83.7
(²)
80.5
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Market and survey researchers………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Other life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists……………………………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
91
21
120
20
8
103
70
122
17
109
84
1
31
$1,023
(1)
989
(1)
(1)
1,118
1,253
1,363
(1)
1,071
1,220
(1)
(1)
$74
(1)
68
(1)
(1)
169
108
79
(1)
128
98
(1)
(1)
46
2
60
3
2
38
22
50
4
60
57
1
17
(1)
(1)
$948
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,061
(1)
990
1,004
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$46
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
38
(1)
138
53
(1)
(1)
36
23
20
56
9
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
872
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
176
(1)
(1)
13
9
8
20
3
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
103
1,908
522
639
752
788
787
784
47
17
29
24
50
1,117
355
503
752
753
787
779
83
12
34
23
261
388
38
60
1,199
645
51
304
198
6,677
862
506
2,627
1,086
343
351
25
136
17
651
74
736
882
(1)
669
1,174
1,751
1,281
796
738
866
1,149
591
890
949
944
858
(1)
878
(1)
421
1,071
25
26
(1)
64
36
25
224
20
30
6
18
17
8
13
30
26
(1)
77
(1)
7
77
159
43
21
36
693
247
24
267
155
4,883
379
493
2,127
596
291
209
13
111
14
595
55
680
(1)
(1)
(1)
962
1,509
(1)
790
702
818
1,056
589
871
920
949
812
(1)
811
(1)
413
886
25
(1)
(1)
(1)
20
99
(1)
19
32
8
31
16
8
19
28
22
(1)
35
(1)
7
121
1,570
74
540
2
108
117
882
985
811
(1)
938
825
18
103
23
(1)
55
148
689
23
268
1
42
25
777
(1)
744
(1)
(1)
(1)
20
(1)
18
(1)
(1)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
14
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Market and survey researchers………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Other life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists……………………………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
See footnotes at end of table.
15
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
45
18
60
16
6
65
48
72
13
49
27
13
(1)
(1)
$1,133
(1)
(1)
1,430
(1)
1,535
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$267
(1)
(1)
60
(1)
175
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
83.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
69.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
23
14
13
36
6
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
54
791
167
135
751
860
787
812
53
23
50
80
100.1
87.6
100.0
95.9
102
346
18
24
506
398
27
37
43
1,794
483
14
500
490
52
142
11
25
3
56
19
874
899
(1)
(1)
1,696
1,875
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,020
1,245
(1)
994
995
914
953
(1)
(1)
(1)
517
(1)
59
27
(1)
(1)
100
36
(1)
(1)
(1)
17
31
(1)
23
26
36
41
(1)
(1)
(1)
20
(1)
77.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
56.7
80.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
80.2
84.8
(²)
87.6
92.5
103.8
85.2
(²)
(²)
(²)
79.9
(²)
882
51
271
1
65
91
951
1,103
899
(1)
983
837
22
40
48
(1)
56
28
81.7
(²)
82.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators…………………………….……
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Registered nurses……………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
Dental hygienists………………………………………
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner
support technicians……………………...……………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
13
32
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
11
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
12
22
68
107
132
48
79
46
(1)
(1)
$947
1,000
971
(1)
945
(1)
(1)
(1)
$58
32
44
(1)
22
(1)
3
3
25
70
69
22
41
33
(1)
(1)
(1)
$935
941
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$132
28
(1)
(1)
(1)
75
69
972
690
42
47
13
30
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
26
(1)
(1)
5
(1)
(1)
1
5,415
9
34
86
11
196
594
86
6
2,114
7
55
129
15
16
90
88
74
26
(1)
962
(1)
(1)
672
(1)
1,883
1,731
1,251
(1)
1,022
(1)
1,019
1,176
(1)
(1)
881
1,121
791
(1)
(1)
8
(1)
(1)
50
(1)
16
100
45
(1)
13
(1)
28
32
(1)
(1)
49
54
48
(1)
4,052
2
15
75
5
94
189
51
1
1,904
5
54
78
10
12
64
87
56
16
909
(1)
(1)
674
(1)
1,647
1,230
1,077
(1)
1,011
(1)
1,016
1,019
(1)
(1)
819
1,124
796
(1)
9
(1)
(1)
75
(1)
170
101
143
(1)
11
(1)
27
88
(1)
(1)
84
46
54
(1)
3
301
75
238
121
(1)
783
976
957
755
(1)
26
40
26
45
2
223
73
159
39
(1)
750
988
923
(1)
(1)
32
42
39
(1)
340
439
585
692
15
16
258
408
564
679
17
16
77
33
537
(1)
43
(1)
71
23
551
(1)
41
(1)
105
671
59
61
615
52
49
(1)
(1)
17
(1)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
16
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators………………………….………
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Registered nurses……………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
Dental hygienists………………………………………
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner
support technicians……………………….…………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
1
27
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
9
19
43
37
63
26
38
14
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$1,062
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$187
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
88.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
62
39
996
(1)
37
(1)
(²)
(²)
21
(1)
(1)
(²)
1
1,362
8
19
11
5
102
405
34
5
210
2
1
51
5
5
26
18
10
(1)
1,210
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,914
1,911
(1)
(1)
1,168
(1)
(1)
1,329
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
30
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
20
45
(1)
(1)
39
(1)
(1)
65
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
75.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
86.1
64.4
(²)
(²)
86.6
(²)
(²)
76.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
78
2
79
82
942
(1)
1,035
823
177
(1)
129
56
(²)
79.6
(²)
89.2
(²)
82
31
677
(1)
29
(1)
83.3
(²)
6
10
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
44
(1)
(1)
(²)
32
(1)
(1)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Service occupations………………………………………… 14,814
Healthcare support occupations…………………………
2,222
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
1,370
Occupational therapist assistants and aides………
7
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
51
Massage therapists……………………………………
32
Dental assistants………………………………………
168
Medical assistants and other healthcare support
occupations……………………………………………
595
Protective service occupations…………………………… 2,683
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional
officers…………………………………………………
43
First-line supervisors/managers of police and
detectives………………………………………………
120
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting
and prevention workers………………………………
53
Supervisors, protective service workers, all other…
94
Fire fighters……………………………………………
283
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
24
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
387
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
139
Fish and game wardens………………………………
4
5
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
674
Transit and railroad police……………………………
3
Animal control workers………………………………
9
Private detectives and investigators…………………
76
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
695
Crossing guards………………………………………
20
Lifeguards and other protective service workers……
54
Food preparation and serving related occupations……
4,153
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
295
First-line supervisors/managers of food
preparation and serving workers……………………
483
Cooks…………………………………………………… 1,312
Food preparation workers……………………………
325
Bartenders………………………………………………
204
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
141
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
84
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
852
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
91
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers………………………..……………
159
Dishwashers……………………………………………
152
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
49
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
6
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations………………………………………………… 3,506
First-line supervisors/managers of
housekeeping and janitorial workers………………
200
See footnotes at end of table.
18
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$475
465
429
(1)
700
(1)
531
$3
6
7
(1)
83
(1)
27
7,458
1,951
1,201
6
39
22
160
$418
459
424
(1)
(1)
(1)
524
$2
6
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
21
505
748
7
9
524
564
502
594
7
12
(1)
(1)
16
(1)
(1)
1,200
101
20
(1)
(1)
1,327
763
970
(1)
695
1,053
(1)
(1)
893
(1)
(1)
780
516
(1)
401
402
548
216
37
29
(1)
20
43
(1)
(1)
23
(1)
(1)
65
10
(1)
22
3
15
4
22
13
112
28
4
101
3
28
173
17
23
2,035
40
(1)
(1)
(1)
605
(1)
(1)
731
(1)
(1)
478
(1)
(1)
376
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
19
(1)
(1)
38
(1)
(1)
14
(1)
(1)
4
(1)
498
390
352
502
10
4
9
21
280
480
197
108
439
363
338
457
24
10
13
28
349
13
99
341
15
307
391
451
8
6
48
54
560
62
299
367
424
10
9
37
390
361
12
19
69
44
386
(1)
17
(1)
(1)
(1)
39
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
4
(1)
(1)
431
7
1,274
383
5
623
36
74
448
27
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Service occupations……………………………………
Healthcare support occupations………………………
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
Occupational therapist assistants and aides………
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
Massage therapists……………………………………
Dental assistants………………………………………
Medical assistants and other healthcare support
occupations……………………………………………
Protective service occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional
officers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of police and
detectives………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting
and prevention workers………………………………
Supervisors, protective service workers, all other…
Fire fighters……………………………………………
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
Fish and game wardens………………………………
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
Transit and railroad police……………………………
Animal control workers………………………………
Private detectives and investigators…………………
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
Crossing guards………………………………………
Lifeguards and other protective service workers……
Food preparation and serving related occupations……
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of food
preparation and serving workers……………………
Cooks……………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………
Bartenders………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers……………………………………
Dishwashers……………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of
housekeeping and janitorial workers………………
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
7,355
271
169
1
12
10
8
$537
512
485
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$6
14
17
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
77.8
89.6
87.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
71
2,119
529
794
42
17
94.9
74.8
27
(1)
(1)
(²)
99
1,239
41
(²)
49
72
270
24
275
112
4
1
573
3
6
47
523
3
31
2,118
255
(1)
768
975
(1)
725
1,112
(1)
(1)
929
(1)
(1)
(1)
540
(1)
(1)
432
551
(1)
40
30
(1)
28
51
(1)
(1)
23
(1)
(1)
(1)
17
(1)
(1)
9
17
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
83.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
78.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
88.5
(²)
(²)
87.0
(²)
203
832
128
96
599
404
368
596
26
6
13
19
73.3
89.9
91.8
76.7
42
(1)
(1)
(²)
30
292
29
(1)
436
(1)
(1)
18
(1)
(²)
84.2
(²)
90
108
394
367
15
23
98.0
(²)
10
(1)
(1)
(²)
2
(1)
(1)
(²)
2,232
488
5
78.5
127
748
33
59.9
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
86
1,510
847
61
802
2,250
$687
460
378
611
420
475
$55
10
6
32
5
7
4
414
742
4
37
1,634
(1)
$397
371
(1)
(1)
441
(1)
$8
5
(1)
(1)
8
97
760
65
36
(1)
(1)
61
12
62
84
5
7
618
(1)
457
650
(1)
(1)
32
(1)
30
33
(1)
(1)
38
6
45
43
3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
70
6
38
306
130
55
20
102
435
485
176
52
46
415
(1)
(1)
496
462
581
(1)
717
396
414
514
584
(1)
21
(1)
(1)
13
38
27
(1)
46
11
9
20
32
(1)
34
1
7
269
102
11
11
68
410
394
105
32
18
(1)
(1)
(1)
489
444
(1)
(1)
637
393
404
487
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
13
39
(1)
(1)
83
11
10
19
(1)
(1)
Sales and office occupations………………………………… 25,232
Sales and related occupations…………………………… 10,113
First-line supervisors/managers of retail
sales workers………………………………………… 2,432
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail
sales workers………………. ………………………
788
Cashiers………………………………………………… 1,376
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
93
111
Parts salespersons……………………………………
Retail salespersons…………………………………… 1,996
Advertising sales agents………………………………
181
Insurance sales agents………………………………
379
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
290
Travel agents……………………………………………
64
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
431
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing………………………………………… 1,143
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
25
462
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
Sales engineers………………………………………
41
95
Telemarketers…………………………………………
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors, and related workers………………………
55
614
656
2
7
15,635
4,518
578
516
2
5
669
11
1,050
556
11
882
360
586
519
521
838
767
35
5
35
22
9
57
17
233
1,018
35
12
848
99
198
765
349
(1)
(1)
440
804
652
31
5
(1)
(1)
12
57
29
1,127
685
926
109
35
37
84
45
148
760
(1)
841
31
(1)
44
986
(1)
794
(1)
457
22
(1)
24
(1)
26
299
18
251
2
61
846
(1)
682
(1)
473
44
(1)
67
(1)
29
507
44
26
(1)
(1)
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping,
lawn service, and groundskeeping workers………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors/managers of gaming
workers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of personal
service workers…………………..……………………
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Motion picture projectionists…………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Funeral service workers………………………………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Transportation attendants……………………………
Child care workers……………………………………
Personal and home care aides………………………
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping,
lawn service, and groundskeeping workers………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors/managers of gaming
workers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of personal
service workers…………………..……………………
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Motion picture projectionists…………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Funeral service workers………………………………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Transportation attendants……………………………
Child care workers……………………………………
Personal and home care aides………………………
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………
Sales and office occupations…………………………………
Sales and related occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of retail
sales workers…………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail
sales workers………………. ………………………
Cashiers…………………………………………………
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
Parts salespersons……………………………………
Retail salespersons……………………………………
Advertising sales agents………………………………
Insurance sales agents………………………………
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
Travel agents……………………………………………
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing…………………………………………
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
Sales engineers………………………………………
Telemarketers…………………………………………
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors, and related workers………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
21
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
82
1,096
105
57
766
615
$712
493
436
596
422
591
$54
8
37
31
6
14
(²)
80.5
85.1
(²)
(²)
74.6
62
837
55
(²)
23
6
18
41
5
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
36
5
31
37
28
44
9
34
25
91
70
20
28
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
475
639
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
49
48
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
85.1
76.2
(²)
(²)
9,597
5,594
733
796
5
11
78.9
64.8
1,382
781
16
71.2
555
359
58
99
1,148
82
182
947
399
671
555
623
879
994
18
11
35
48
17
106
53
80.8
87.5
(²)
(²)
70.6
91.5
65.6
206
19
283
1,272
(1)
957
115
(1)
38
59.7
(²)
87.9
844
8
211
39
34
1,064
(1)
952
(1)
(1)
52
(1)
27
(1)
(1)
79.5
(²)
71.6
(²)
(²)
29
(1)
(1)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
149
Office and administrative support occupations………… 15,119
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers……………………
1,500
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
40
Telephone operators…………………………………
37
Communications equipment operators, all other……
7
Bill and account collectors……………………………
206
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators…
428
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
950
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
15
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
127
Procurement clerks……………………………………
23
Tellers……………………………………………………
338
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
3
Correspondence clerks………………………………
7
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
92
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
58
Customer service representatives…………………… 1,511
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
60
File clerks………………………………………………
259
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
81
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
110
Library assistants, clerical……………………………
41
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
114
New accounts clerks…………………………………
24
Order clerks……………………………………………
98
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
48
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
960
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………..……………………
120
Information and record clerks, all other………………
94
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
17
Couriers and messengers……………………………
178
Dispatchers……………………………………………
243
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
42
Postal service clerks…………………………………
157
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
338
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
84
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
249
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
478
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
1,059
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
59
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
2,575
Computer operators……………………………………
112
Data entry keyers………………………………………
339
112
Word processors and typists…………………………
3
Desktop publishers……………………………………
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks……
264
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
98
See footnotes at end of table.
22
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$746
601
$27
2
731
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
90
11,117
$695
590
$42
2
11
1,029
688
13
(1)
(1)
(1)
605
584
606
(1)
690
(1)
469
(1)
(1)
673
556
577
665
549
410
581
(1)
681
(1)
548
(1)
(1)
(1)
21
9
8
(1)
24
(1)
9
(1)
(1)
32
25
8
20
21
19
22
(1)
38
(1)
27
34
27
4
139
386
865
13
110
15
284
3
4
70
39
1,015
50
217
58
88
35
97
20
54
(1)
(1)
(1)
597
575
603
(1)
700
(1)
468
(1)
(1)
643
(1)
568
668
536
406
573
(1)
643
(1)
541
(1)
(1)
(1)
27
12
8
(1)
23
(1)
10
(1)
(1)
28
(1)
11
31
21
23
24
(1)
55
(1)
26
(1)
503
(1)
6
40
896
(1)
502
(1)
6
572
639
(1)
724
653
(1)
877
908
32
23
(1)
55
24
(1)
30
18
70
87
5
24
134
6
80
101
538
624
(1)
(1)
578
(1)
853
803
28
26
(1)
(1)
23
(1)
27
42
830
750
543
468
59
32
17
11
35
147
140
371
(1)
690
516
466
(1)
42
18
14
604
616
673
586
571
(1)
593
23
5
32
14
31
(1)
13
26
2,485
58
261
102
3
219
(1)
614
632
565
560
(1)
588
(1)
4
33
23
35
(1)
13
494
20
50
446
15
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
Office and administrative support occupations…………
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers……………………
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
Telephone operators…………………………………
Communications equipment operators, all other……
Bill and account collectors……………………………
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators…
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
Procurement clerks……………………………………
Tellers……………………………………………………
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
Correspondence clerks………………………………
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
Customer service representatives……………………
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
File clerks………………………………………………
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
Library assistants, clerical……………………………
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
New accounts clerks…………………………………
Order clerks……………………………………………
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks…………... ………………………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
Postal service clerks…………………………………
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
Computer operators……………………………………
Data entry keyers………………………………………
Word processors and typists…………………………
Desktop publishers……………………………………
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks……
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
23
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
58
4,003
$809
651
$56
8
85.9
90.6
470
848
26
81.1
6
10
3
67
42
85
2
17
8
54
3
22
19
496
9
42
24
22
6
17
3
45
(1)
(1)
(1)
618
(1)
645
(1)
(1)
(1)
471
(1)
(1)
(1)
607
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
32
(1)
32
(1)
(1)
(1)
24
(1)
(1)
(1)
21
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
96.6
(²)
93.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
99.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
93.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
9
64
(1)
537
(1)
77
(²)
93.5
50
7
12
154
109
36
77
237
752
(1)
(1)
755
722
(1)
905
939
48
(1)
(1)
33
26
(1)
36
20
71.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
80.1
(²)
94.3
85.5
49
102
338
688
(1)
862
559
470
(1)
52
22
15
(²)
80.0
92.3
99.1
34
90
55
77
10
1
44
(1)
736
749
652
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
26
38
46
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
83.4
84.4
86.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
48
(1)
(1)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Office clerks, general…………………………………
840
Office machine operators, except computer………
30
11
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………
18
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
464
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations………………………………………………… 11,609
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
756
First-line supervisors/managers of farming,
fishing, and forestry workers…………………………
35
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
28
Animal breeders………………………………………
4
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
63
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
564
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
9
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
1
Forest and conservation workers……………………
5
Logging workers………………………………………
47
Construction and extraction occupations………………… 6,432
First-line supervisors/managers of
construction trades and extraction workers ………
631
Boilermakers……………………………………………
23
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
161
Carpenters………………………………………………
986
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
118
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
77
Construction laborers…………………………………
1,210
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
23
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
2
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
360
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
158
Electricians……………………………………………
728
Glaziers…………………………………………………
41
Insulation workers………………………………………
35
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
386
Paperhangers…………………………………………
4
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
492
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
42
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
15
Roofers…………………………………………………
153
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
112
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
71
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
94
Construction and building inspectors………………
84
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
39
26
Fence erectors…………………………………………
19
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
Highway maintenance workers………………………
97
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
16
See footnotes at end of table.
24
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$585
(1)
(1)
(1)
$8
(1)
(1)
(1)
727
15
8
14
$582
(1)
(1)
(1)
$8
(1)
(1)
(1)
657
14
357
636
16
702
420
4
7
450
144
607
392
18
16
(1)
(1)
(1)
463
394
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
688
(1)
(1)
(1)
30
7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6
4
14
3
39
83
1
139
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
346
(1)
747
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
18
(1)
28
947
(1)
622
656
621
37
(1)
49
14
35
15
1
11
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
574
564
49
18
31
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3
-
(1)
-
(1)
-
749
559
807
(1)
(1)
554
(1)
784
(1)
(1)
558
732
871
504
854
(1)
(1)
(1)
659
31
28
23
(1)
(1)
31
(1)
30
(1)
(1)
29
42
32
17
25
(1)
(1)
(1)
29
6
3
6
3
20
8
1
7
5
7
3
2
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Office clerks, general…………………………………
113
Office machine operators, except computer………
15
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
4
Statistical assistants……………………………………
4
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
107
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations………………………………………………… 11,159
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
612
First-line supervisors/managers of farming,
fishing, and forestry workers…………………………
31
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
14
Animal breeders………………………………………
1
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
24
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
481
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
9
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
1
Forest and conservation workers……………………
4
Logging workers………………………………………
47
Construction and extraction occupations………………… 6,293
First-line supervisors/managers of
construction trades and extraction workers ………
615
Boilermakers……………………………………………
23
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
160
Carpenters………………………………………………
975
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
116
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
77
Construction laborers…………………………………
1,180
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
20
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
2
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
354
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
154
Electricians……………………………………………
722
Glaziers…………………………………………………
41
Insulation workers………………………………………
31
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
366
Paperhangers…………………………………………
4
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
484
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
42
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
15
Roofers…………………………………………………
152
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
105
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
71
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
89
Construction and building inspectors………………
77
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
36
Fence erectors…………………………………………
26
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
17
96
Highway maintenance workers………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
16
See footnotes at end of table.
25
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$602
(1)
(1)
(1)
$24
(1)
(1)
(1)
96.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
729
23
87.2
705
427
4
12
86.1
91.8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
402
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
688
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
86.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
108.6
945
(1)
624
655
613
39
(1)
51
14
37
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
574
558
49
20
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
744
556
809
(1)
(1)
556
(1)
785
(1)
(1)
560
733
871
500
849
(1)
(1)
(1)
656
33
28
22
(1)
(1)
30
(1)
32
(1)
(1)
29
41
32
19
24
(1)
(1)
(1)
29
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers--extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility………………………………………………
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
Electrical power-line installers and repairers………
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
9
24
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
36
37
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
-
(1)
-
(1)
-
10
49
4
8
6
47
4,420
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$774
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$7
1
1
167
(1)
(1)
$779
(1)
(1)
$30
297
937
34
24
(1)
(1)
271
823
31
31
(1)
(1)
199
15
19
866
(1)
(1)
32
(1)
(1)
27
2
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
5
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
18
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
26
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
52
50
144
116
26
650
787
745
919
713
(1)
677
123
56
57
26
(1)
18
1
3
1
9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
328
763
21
2
(1)
(1)
202
44
846
(1)
33
(1)
2
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
69
22
489
(1)
19
(1)
-
-
-
311
31
419
420
40
65
97
187
46
804
(1)
801
720
(1)
956
1,093
848
(1)
34
(1)
21
20
(1)
52
45
34
(1)
5
12
16
1
1
7
6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
31
(1)
(1)
4
(1)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
26
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers--extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility………………………………………………
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
Electrical power-line installers and repairers………
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
27
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
9
24
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
36
37
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
9
48
4
8
6
47
4,253
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$774
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$8
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
100.6
273
940
32
(²)
240
805
30
(²)
172
13
17
881
(1)
(1)
55
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
5
(1)
(1)
(²)
17
(1)
(1)
(²)
25
(1)
(1)
(²)
51
50
141
115
26
641
796
745
928
715
(1)
678
123
56
54
26
(1)
18
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
326
763
21
(²)
200
43
847
(1)
32
(1)
(²)
(²)
69
22
489
(1)
19
(1)
(²)
(²)
306
31
407
404
40
64
96
181
40
805
(1)
806
719
(1)
960
1,090
836
(1)
33
(1)
22
20
(1)
52
45
33
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
27
(1)
(1)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Commercial divers……………………………………
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
1
21
7
7
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
1
-
(1)
(1)
-
(1)
(1)
-
16
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
166
$639
$31
9
(1)
(1)
594
595
3
4
3,131
2,245
$462
464
$5
6
857
21
140
634
29
(1)
(1)
6
(1)
(1)
506
(1)
(1)
531
426
14
(1)
(1)
13
21
107
3
337
68
453
(1)
466
393
24
(1)
12
19
490
9
81
430
18
(1)
477
(1)
810
(1)
45
(1)
34
5
34
2
6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
525
20
22
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
690
56
8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3
(1)
(1)
(1)
708
(1)
(1)
15
(1)
1
25
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
589
26
11
(1)
(1)
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations………………………………………………… 14,840
Production occupations……………………………………
8,008
First-line supervisors/managers of production
and operating workers………………………………
810
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
23
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
185
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
14
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
29
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
959
Bakers…………………………………………………
143
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
303
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
10
Food batchmakers……………………………………
66
Food cooking machine operators and tenders……
5
Computer control programmers and operators……
65
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
9
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
10
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
12
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
104
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
2
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
52
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
23
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
6
Machinists………………………………………………
376
Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders………
25
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
9
Molders and molding machine setters,
52
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
See footnotes at end of table.
28
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Commercial divers……………………………………
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
1
20
6
7
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
16
(1)
(1)
(²)
156
$638
$30
(²)
637
659
5
6
72.5
70.4
899
18
70.5
(1)
(1)
(²)
600
(1)
(1)
581
478
25
(1)
(1)
11
23
75.5
(²)
(²)
80.2
82.2
512
11
84.0
(1)
(1)
(1)
820
(1)
(1)
(1)
35
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
548
22
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(1)
715
(1)
(1)
14
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(²)
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations………………………………………………… 11,709
Production occupations……………………………………
5,763
First-line supervisors/managers of production
and operating workers………………………………
671
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
16
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
78
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
11
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
29
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
622
Bakers…………………………………………………
75
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
223
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
5
Food batchmakers……………………………………
32
Food cooking machine operators and tenders……
3
59
Computer control programmers and operators……
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
9
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
10
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
11
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
82
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
2
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
44
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
20
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
5
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
351
Machinists………………………………………………
24
Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
9
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
40
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
See footnotes at end of table.
29
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic…………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other…………
Bookbinders and bindery workers……………………
Job printers……………………………………………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing machine operators……………………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
See footnotes at end of table.
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
3
64
536
(1)
$946
666
(1)
$66
16
2
1
22
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
10
8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
3
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
12
5
356
29
36
37
197
179
47
175
3
3
25
(1)
(1)
586
(1)
(1)
(1)
631
362
(1)
386
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
14
(1)
(1)
(1)
30
9
(1)
18
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
73
12
5
20
40
106
37
131
2
20
(1)
$515
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
345
(1)
383
(1)
(1)
(1)
$22
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
9
(1)
21
(1)
(1)
3
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
4
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
3
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
11
(1)
(1)
8
(1)
(1)
3
2
30
20
61
9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
641
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
31
(1)
1
2
7
6
4
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
38
(1)
(1)
2
(1)
(1)
18
17
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
53
97
960
848
70
37
6
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
73
34
705
(1)
59
(1)
4
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
51
918
50
6
(1)
(1)
106
72
596
502
51
22
18
18
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
29
(1)
(1)
8
(1)
(1)
30
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic…………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other…………
Bookbinders and bindery workers……………………
Job printers……………………………………………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing machine operators……………………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
See footnotes at end of table.
31
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
1
64
514
(1)
$952
673
(1)
$66
15
(²)
(²)
(²)
7
7
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
11
5
283
17
30
17
157
73
9
45
3
5
(1)
(1)
605
(1)
(1)
(1)
669
414
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
17
(1)
(1)
(1)
29
29
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
85.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
83.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
3
(1)
(1)
(²)
3
(1)
(1)
(²)
2
(1)
(1)
(²)
3
(1)
(1)
(²)
2
23
14
57
7
(1)
(1)
(1)
655
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
30
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
35
(1)
(1)
(²)
12
13
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
47
96
(1)
849
(1)
36
(²)
(²)
69
33
693
(1)
79
(1)
(²)
(²)
45
(1)
(1)
(²)
88
55
576
514
59
24
(²)
(²)
21
(1)
(1)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Cementing and gluing machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Tire builders……………………………………………
Helpers--production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors, transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
Parking lot attendants…………………………………
Service station attendants……………………………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
11
(1)
(1)
3
(1)
(1)
711
28
$660
(1)
$19
(1)
301
13
$527
(1)
$21
(1)
73
582
20
39
(1)
(1)
240
163
449
565
18
29
131
19
401
(1)
16
(1)
32
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
16
3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
9
(1)
(1)
3
(1)
(1)
2
(1)
(1)
-
-
-
1
3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
(1)
33
(1)
(1)
3
(1)
(1)
41
12
31
866
6,832
(1)
(1)
(1)
545
593
(1)
(1)
(1)
14
5
12
3
5
251
886
(1)
(1)
(1)
485
455
(1)
(1)
(1)
13
12
215
92
761
1,390
28
63
38
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
26
(1)
(1)
7
(1)
(1)
16
372
2,729
208
33
53
5
53
(1)
561
702
503
(1)
1,223
(1)
1,067
(1)
20
9
16
(1)
80
(1)
155
4
171
116
30
6
2
2
(1)
507
542
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
23
39
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
22
13
36
4
7
50
64
44
13
6
68
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
436
373
(1)
(1)
(1)
925
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
62
25
(1)
(1)
(1)
52
5
3
2
3
7
7
2
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
32
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Cementing and gluing machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Tire builders……………………………………………
Helpers--production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors, transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
Parking lot attendants…………………………………
Service station attendants……………………………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
33
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
8
(1)
(1)
(²)
409
16
$765
(1)
$20
(1)
68.9
(²)
34
(1)
(1)
(²)
109
144
501
579
11
25
80.0
(²)
16
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
6
(1)
(1)
(²)
2
(1)
(1)
(²)
1
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
30
(1)
(1)
(²)
29
9
26
615
5,946
(1)
(1)
(1)
592
615
(1)
(1)
(1)
14
5
(²)
(²)
(²)
81.9
74.0
177
88
796
1,399
34
62
(²)
(²)
19
(1)
(1)
(²)
12
201
2,613
179
27
51
5
51
(1)
605
709
514
(1)
1,207
(1)
1,080
(1)
19
9
17
(1)
87
(1)
123
(²)
83.8
76.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
16
13
33
4
5
46
56
37
11
6
66
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
378
(1)
(1)
(1)
933
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
29
(1)
(1)
(1)
32
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2008 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers……………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Shuttle car operators…………………………………
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
41
4
551
227
(1)
(1)
$534
428
(1)
(1)
$16
23
1
40
19
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,392
29
315
23
70
5
4
43
501
(1)
388
(1)
475
(1)
(1)
(1)
6
(1)
10
(1)
50
(1)
(1)
(1)
198
13
186
1
10
8
$417
(1)
368
(1)
(1)
(1)
$14
(1)
9
(1)
(1)
(1)
See footnotes at end of table.
34
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers……………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Shuttle car operators…………………………………
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
1
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
39
4
511
208
(1)
(1)
$533
437
(1)
(1)
$16
31
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
1,194
16
129
22
61
5
4
35
508
(1)
410
(1)
493
(1)
(1)
(1)
6
(1)
12
(1)
21
(1)
(1)
(1)
82.1
(²)
89.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
Data not shown where base for either the numerator or the denominator is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Dash indicates data not available or do not meet publication standards.
2
35
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by State
and sex, 2008 annual averages
Both sexes
State
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
UNITED STATES..................... 106,648
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$722
$2
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
47,209
$638
$2
Alabama.......................................
Alaska..........................................
Arizona.........................................
Arkansas......................................
California......................................
1,582
240
2,139
981
12,167
638
847
714
602
794
14
16
11
9
8
722
104
919
453
5,085
561
719
657
556
738
20
16
12
38
10
Colorado......................................
Connecticut..................................
Delaware......................................
District of Columbia......................
Florida..........................................
1,874
1,272
329
261
6,425
784
935
742
896
685
14
21
12
22
7
797
565
153
133
3,004
693
772
656
866
616
15
24
16
16
5
Georgia........................................
Hawaii..........................................
Idaho............................................
Illinois...........................................
Indiana.........................................
3,506
458
481
4,639
2,351
723
723
658
732
696
13
14
13
8
13
1,591
204
196
2,032
1,046
635
652
560
634
615
15
20
14
11
13
Iowa.............................................
Kansas.........................................
Kentucky......................................
Louisiana.....................................
Maine...........................................
1,137
1,027
1,376
1,496
441
697
694
645
654
691
13
15
16
11
13
503
448
602
700
196
619
589
551
565
607
12
12
18
24
13
Maryland......................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan......................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
2,207
2,311
3,187
1,884
913
851
897
748
794
603
19
15
10
17
10
1,055
1,038
1,363
829
429
774
762
638
717
510
21
15
13
18
10
Missouri.......................................
Montana.......................................
Nebraska.....................................
Nevada........................................
New Hampshire...........................
2,135
297
673
1,027
501
668
639
662
688
808
14
11
12
13
20
981
132
296
440
222
586
528
583
614
689
11
15
13
9
24
New Jersey..................................
New Mexico.................................
New York.....................................
North Carolina..............................
North Dakota................................
3,222
666
6,811
3,225
243
824
672
751
639
643
14
13
6
11
12
1,441
295
3,134
1,472
112
726
606
687
586
547
13
9
10
10
19
Ohio.............................................
Oklahoma....................................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania...............................
Rhode Island................................
4,008
1,318
1,221
4,435
361
701
647
715
735
775
9
11
15
7
20
1,786
590
510
2,016
160
614
551
633
642
679
7
27
12
9
21
South Carolina.............................
South Dakota...............................
Tennessee...................................
Texas...........................................
Utah.............................................
1,489
295
2,121
8,558
930
637
621
636
639
700
12
8
13
7
12
682
135
969
3,582
353
576
568
583
586
594
15
15
12
7
11
Vermont.......................................
Virginia.........................................
Washington..................................
West Virginia................................
Wisconsin....................................
Wyoming......................................
220
3,002
2,329
615
2,062
197
690
758
822
636
706
748
15
12
18
16
12
15
97
1,381
981
264
931
80
625
674
709
546
624
599
15
18
18
17
11
13
See note at end of table.
36
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary
workers, by State and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
State
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
UNITED STATES.....................
59,439
$798
$3
79.9
Alabama.......................................
Alaska..........................................
Arizona.........................................
Arkansas......................................
California......................................
860
136
1,220
528
7,082
720
970
774
640
852
18
23
20
23
16
77.9
74.1
84.9
86.9
86.6
Colorado......................................
Connecticut..................................
Delaware......................................
District of Columbia......................
Florida..........................................
1,077
707
176
128
3,422
878
1,057
821
939
754
23
32
24
24
9
78.9
73.0
79.9
92.2
81.7
Georgia........................................
Hawaii..........................................
Idaho............................................
Illinois...........................................
Indiana.........................................
1,914
254
286
2,607
1,305
821
785
736
814
807
24
28
19
17
23
77.3
83.1
76.1
77.9
76.2
Iowa.............................................
Kansas.........................................
Kentucky......................................
Louisiana.....................................
Maine...........................................
634
579
774
796
245
762
808
719
777
764
12
26
16
32
21
81.2
72.9
76.6
72.7
79.5
Maryland......................................
Massachusetts.............................
Michigan......................................
Minnesota....................................
Mississippi...................................
1,152
1,273
1,824
1,054
484
926
1,003
862
884
680
27
16
18
19
19
83.6
76.0
74.0
81.1
75.0
Missouri.......................................
Montana.......................................
Nebraska.....................................
Nevada........................................
New Hampshire...........................
1,154
165
377
588
278
778
715
737
766
945
17
13
17
14
20
75.3
73.8
79.1
80.2
72.9
New Jersey..................................
New Mexico.................................
New York.....................................
North Carolina..............................
North Dakota................................
1,782
372
3,677
1,753
131
942
749
820
704
721
13
16
12
14
16
77.1
80.9
83.8
83.2
75.9
Ohio.............................................
Oklahoma....................................
Oregon.........................................
Pennsylvania...............................
Rhode Island................................
2,221
728
711
2,419
202
776
727
795
815
863
12
15
23
14
23
79.1
75.8
79.6
78.8
78.7
South Carolina.............................
South Dakota...............................
Tennessee...................................
Texas...........................................
Utah.............................................
807
160
1,153
4,976
577
716
692
716
697
818
15
17
21
9
20
80.4
82.1
81.4
84.1
72.6
Vermont.......................................
Virginia.........................................
Washington..................................
West Virginia................................
Wisconsin....................................
Wyoming......................................
123
1,621
1,348
352
1,131
117
761
862
915
739
787
883
24
24
21
21
18
18
82.1
78.2
77.5
73.9
79.3
67.8
NOTE: Data refer to persons 16 years and older.
37
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected
characteristics, 2008 annual averages
Both sexes
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years........................................................
16 to 19 years.....................................................
20 to 24 years.....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years.....................................................
35 to 44 years.....................................................
45 to 54 years.....................................................
55 to 64 years.....................................................
65 years and older..............................................
22,497
8,055
3,914
4,141
14,442
3,575
3,260
3,090
2,631
1,885
$219
162
134
197
265
261
291
288
263
203
$1
1
2
2
2
3
5
5
4
4
15,215
4,527
2,170
2,357
10,688
2,495
2,656
2,516
1,926
1,096
$223
161
131
197
261
256
282
282
259
193
$2
2
2
3
2
4
6
5
4
5
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White......................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
18,825
2,193
884
2,751
220
210
235
218
1
3
8
3
12,820
1,425
590
1,720
225
209
246
211
2
4
9
4
10,267
9,269
2,961
1,605
698
657
178
278
238
253
235
208
2
3
3
5
6
6
5,686
7,217
2,312
1,223
523
566
175
274
232
248
229
205
2
3
4
5
8
6
Characteristic
AGE
MARITAL STATUS
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
See note at end of table.
38
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years........................................................
16 to 19 years.....................................................
20 to 24 years.....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years.....................................................
35 to 44 years.....................................................
45 to 54 years.....................................................
55 to 64 years.....................................................
65 years and older..............................................
7,282
3,528
1,744
1,785
3,754
1,080
604
575
705
789
$209
164
137
196
276
274
329
316
276
222
$2
2
3
3
4
6
13
13
10
8
106.7
98.2
95.6
100.5
94.6
93.4
85.7
89.2
93.8
86.9
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White......................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
6,005
768
294
1,030
209
210
216
232
2
6
8
6
107.7
99.5
113.9
90.9
4,581
2,052
648
382
175
91
181
293
260
271
251
241
2
6
8
11
12
23
96.7
93.5
89.2
91.5
91.2
85.1
Characteristic
AGE
MARITAL STATUS
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not
sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
39
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,
2008 annual averages
Both sexes
Hours of work
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older................................
129,377
$626
$2
62,532
$537
$3
1 to 34 hours..........................................................
1 to 4 hours........................................................
5 to 9 hours........................................................
10 to 14 hours....................................................
15 to 19 hours....................................................
20 to 24 hours....................................................
25 to 29 hours....................................................
30 to 34 hours....................................................
20,144
470
1,087
1,754
2,609
6,066
2,776
5,383
223
59
70
108
149
206
256
329
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
4
13,736
316
744
1,176
1,772
4,135
1,909
3,684
229
55
72
111
154
213
260
342
2
4
2
2
2
2
3
5
35 hours or more................................................... 100,997
35 to 39 hours....................................................
7,890
40 hours.............................................................
72,040
41 hours or more................................................
21,067
41 to 44 hours.................................................
1,326
45 to 48 hours.................................................
5,971
49 to 59 hours.................................................
9,393
60 hours or more.............................................
4,376
724
493
667
1,087
829
958
1,164
1,254
2
5
2
8
16
7
8
14
45,075
5,428
33,316
6,331
526
2,096
2,681
1,027
643
497
621
971
759
914
1,051
1,133
2
5
2
7
19
14
15
16
461
182
678
10
4
11
3,721
1,479
2,134
312
179
492
5
5
11
Hours vary……………………………………………
Usually less than 35 hours…………………………
Usually 35 hours or more…………………………
8,236
2,352
5,652
See note at end of table.
40
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours
usually worked and sex, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older................................
66,846
$733
$3
73.3
1 to 34 hours..........................................................
1 to 4 hours........................................................
5 to 9 hours........................................................
10 to 14 hours....................................................
15 to 19 hours....................................................
20 to 24 hours....................................................
25 to 29 hours....................................................
30 to 34 hours....................................................
6,409
154
342
579
837
1,931
867
1,699
212
66
68
104
141
194
246
311
2
6
3
2
3
3
5
4
108.0
83.3
105.9
106.7
109.2
109.8
105.7
110.0
35 hours or more...................................................
35 to 39 hours....................................................
40 hours.............................................................
41 hours or more................................................
41 to 44 hours.................................................
45 to 48 hours.................................................
49 to 59 hours.................................................
60 hours or more.............................................
55,922
2,461
38,724
14,736
800
3,875
6,712
3,349
799
484
717
1,142
871
987
1,218
1,310
3
9
3
6
19
11
14
29
80.5
102.7
86.6
85.0
87.1
92.6
86.3
86.5
4,515
873
3,518
655
188
790
15
7
15
47.6
95.2
62.3
Hours of work
Hours vary……………………………………………
Usually less than 35 hours…………………………
Usually 35 hours or more…………………………
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Estimates for the above
"hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of
multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.
41
Table 6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary
workers, by selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages
Upper limit of:
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Characteristic
First
decile
First
quartile
Second
quartile
(median)
Third
quartile
Ninth
decile
SEX, RACE, AND HISPANIC
OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Total, 16 years and older.............................
Women.....................................................
Men...........................................................
106,648
47,209
59,439
$346
322
375
$485
440
518
$722
638
798
$1,125
957
1,249
$1,693
1,411
1,889
White............................................................
Women.....................................................
Men...........................................................
86,022
36,940
49,082
354
328
381
495
452
534
742
654
825
1,147
972
1,273
1,741
1,430
1,903
Black or African American............................
Women.....................................................
Men...........................................................
12,821
6,790
6,031
310
299
327
409
392
435
589
554
620
865
810
918
1,265
1,204
1,342
Asian............................................................
Women.....................................................
Men...........................................................
5,266
2,347
2,919
369
335
395
530
487
592
861
753
966
1,387
1,146
1,554
1,918
1,667
2,194
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity..........................
Women.....................................................
Men...........................................................
15,807
5,846
9,961
299
284
312
383
355
397
529
501
559
795
732
836
1,194
1,070
1,270
96,027
8,120
27,392
26,526
33,990
369
282
335
383
550
511
342
445
513
758
761
453
618
722
1,115
1,167
618
886
1,023
1,649
1,758
873
1,229
1,421
2,314
42,584
2,566
11,451
12,756
15,812
338
252
304
349
506
470
303
392
470
688
670
378
520
628
955
994
497
711
870
1,369
1,456
646
966
1,171
1,888
53,444
5,554
15,941
13,770
18,178
397
298
378
426
599
574
377
504
592
861
857
497
709
830
1,285
1,326
683
997
1,172
1,891
1,914
935
1,369
1,590
2,719
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.............................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school, no college1 ..........................
Some college or associate degree...........
Bachelor's degree and higher
2
..............
Women, 25 years and older.........................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school, no college1 ..........................
Some college or associate degree...........
Bachelor's degree and higher
2
..............
Men, 25 years and older..............................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school, no college1 ..........................
Some college or associate degree...........
Bachelor's degree and higher
2
..............
1
Includes persons with a high school diploma or
equivalent.
2
Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's,
professional, or doctoral degree.
NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary
workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25
percent earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile;
50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the
second quartile, or median; 75 percent earn less than the
upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less
than the upper limit of the ninth decile. Estimates for the
above race groups (white, black or African American, and
Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
42
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2008 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.99
$1,500.00
or
more
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and older...... 106,648
16 to 24 years........................... 10,621
16 to 19 years........................
1,552
20 to 24 years........................
9,069
25 years and older.................... 96,027
25 to 34 years........................ 25,643
35 to 44 years........................ 26,408
45 to 54 years........................ 26,640
55 to 64 years........................ 14,763
65 years and older.................
2,573
844
186
58
128
658
160
173
159
111
55
1,750
485
163
322
1,265
398
323
302
159
84
7,830
2,132
540
1,592
5,698
1,950
1,447
1,316
713
272
18,146
3,577
486
3,091
14,569
4,705
3,726
3,552
2,096
491
26,412
2,706
234
2,472
23,707
7,611
6,082
6,141
3,307
566
18,380
932
41
891
17,447
4,688
4,777
4,917
2,682
384
18,687
471
24
446
18,217
3,974
5,378
5,491
3,045
328
14,599
133
5
127
14,467
2,157
4,503
4,763
2,650
394
Women, 16 years and older..
16 to 24 years...........................
16 to 19 years........................
20 to 24 years........................
25 years and older....................
25 to 34 years........................
35 to 44 years........................
45 to 54 years........................
55 to 64 years........................
65 years and older.................
47,209
4,625
633
3,992
42,584
10,974
11,385
12,258
6,827
1,140
451
102
31
72
349
75
101
92
62
19
1,029
280
83
197
750
208
198
192
107
46
4,488
1,067
253
815
3,421
1,019
915
898
447
141
9,368
1,487
179
1,307
7,881
2,220
2,073
2,116
1,201
272
12,823
1,137
72
1,065
11,685
3,426
2,972
3,209
1,785
293
8,001
365
8
358
7,635
1,928
2,010
2,281
1,256
160
6,994
154
8
146
6,840
1,480
1,915
2,085
1,236
124
4,055
33
33
4,022
618
1,201
1,384
735
84
Men, 16 years and older.......
16 to 24 years...........................
16 to 19 years........................
20 to 24 years........................
25 years and older....................
25 to 34 years........................
35 to 44 years........................
45 to 54 years........................
55 to 64 years........................
65 years and older.................
59,439
5,996
919
5,077
53,444
14,669
15,023
14,382
7,936
1,434
392
84
27
56
309
85
72
67
50
36
721
205
80
125
516
190
125
110
52
39
3,342
1,065
288
777
2,277
931
532
418
266
131
8,778
2,090
307
1,783
6,688
2,485
1,653
1,435
895
219
13,590
1,569
162
1,407
12,021
4,184
3,110
2,931
1,522
273
10,379
567
33
534
9,812
2,760
2,766
2,636
1,426
223
11,693
317
17
300
11,377
2,494
3,463
3,406
1,810
203
10,544
100
5
95
10,444
1,539
3,302
3,378
1,915
309
See note at end of table.
43
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2008 annual averages—Continued
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.99
$1,500.00
or
more
RACE, HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY,
AND SEX
White.....................................
Women......................................
Men...........................................
86,022
36,940
49,082
660
340
320
1,268
751
518
5,851
3,286
2,565
13,914
7,023
6,891
21,031
10,130
10,901
15,184
6,428
8,757
15,697
5,690
10,007
12,417
3,293
9,125
Black or African American.....
Women......................................
Men...........................................
12,821
6,790
6,031
120
75
45
337
190
146
1,421
887
534
2,993
1,725
1,268
3,615
1,854
1,761
1,966
973
993
1,570
736
835
798
350
448
Asian......................................
Women......................................
Men...........................................
5,266
2,347
2,919
53
31
22
89
54
35
302
172
130
704
353
351
1,063
523
540
857
440
417
1,055
431
624
1,144
343
801
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....
Women......................................
Men...........................................
15,807
5,846
9,961
116
63
53
433
231
201
2,237
1,035
1,202
4,232
1,574
2,658
4,244
1,510
2,733
2,011
697
1,314
1,641
510
1,131
895
225
670
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates data not
available or do not meet publication standards.
44
Table 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital
status, and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2008 annual averages
Number of
workers
(in thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children under 18 years old………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years old………………………………
With no children under 18 years old……………………………
47,209
17,219
10,684
6,536
29,990
$638
626
636
614
645
$2
3
5
4
3
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years old………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years old………………………………
With no children under 18 years old……………………………
24,839
11,583
7,089
4,494
13,255
692
680
672
694
702
4
5
6
9
5
22,370
5,636
3,595
2,041
16,734
593
537
590
481
608
2
7
5
5
3
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children under 18 years old………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years old………………………………
With no children under 18 years old……………………………
59,439
21,747
11,814
9,932
37,693
798
901
949
840
745
3
5
7
8
3
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years old………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years old………………………………
With no children under 18 years old……………………………
36,062
20,078
10,856
9,222
15,984
917
918
960
869
916
4
5
7
8
5
23,378
1,668
958
711
21,709
642
708
836
592
636
4
12
22
12
4
Characteristic
WOMEN
1
Total, other marital statuses ……………………………………
With children under 18 years old………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years old………………………………
With no children under 18 years old……………………………
MEN
1
Total, other marital statuses ……………………………………
With children under 18 years old………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years old………………………………
With no children under 18 years old……………………………
1
Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
NOTE: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded
are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.
45
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected
characteristics, 2008 annual averages
Both sexes
Characteristic
AGE
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years........................................................
16 to 19 years.....................................................
20 to 24 years.....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years.....................................................
35 to 44 years.....................................................
45 to 54 years.....................................................
55 to 64 years.....................................................
65 years and older..............................................
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
hourly
earnings
Women
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
hourly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
75,305
15,680
5,137
10,542
59,626
16,893
15,478
15,625
8,987
2,642
$12.23
8.87
7.84
9.76
13.81
12.50
14.38
14.87
14.20
10.89
$0.03
.03
.02
.04
.04
.08
.12
.05
.11
.12
37,972
7,701
2,660
5,042
30,270
7,864
7,783
8,260
4,895
1,469
$11.49
8.43
7.71
9.16
12.48
11.72
12.89
13.16
13.00
10.53
$0.06
.04
.03
.04
.06
.08
.08
.07
.10
.16
60,464
9,866
2,844
13,070
12.54
11.20
13.01
10.97
.05
.08
.17
.06
29,931
5,457
1,543
5,313
11.70
10.78
12.25
10.07
.05
.09
.21
.04
26,790
35,783
12,732
7,967
3,242
1,523
10.02
14.28
12.77
13.58
11.48
11.90
.02
.06
.08
.13
.24
.14
12,532
17,649
7,790
4,803
1,768
1,219
9.60
12.92
11.91
12.47
10.50
11.27
.07
.05
.05
.14
.18
.24
9,752
10,580
64,725
17.96
17.77
11.84
.09
.13
.02
3,718
4,135
33,837
15.23
15.12
11.05
.16
.09
.03
59,626
7,636
22,367
18,999
10,623
13.81
10.16
12.97
14.53
18.39
.04
.03
.04
.10
.17
30,270
2,935
10,627
10,454
6,254
12.48
9.06
11.32
13.17
18.03
.06
.05
.07
.06
.15
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White......................................................................
Black or African American......................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
MARITAL STATUS
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status................................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION1
Members of unions 2...............................................
3
Represented by a union .......................................
Not represented by a union....................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
4
High school, no college ....................................
Some college or associate degree.....................
Bachelor's degree and higher 5 ..........................
See footnotes at end of table.
46
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,
by selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages—Continued
Men
Characteristic
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
AGE
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years........................................................
16 to 19 years.....................................................
20 to 24 years.....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years.....................................................
35 to 44 years.....................................................
45 to 54 years.....................................................
55 to 64 years.....................................................
65 years and older..............................................
Median
hourly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
37,334
7,978
2,478
5,500
29,356
9,029
7,696
7,365
4,092
1,174
$13.46
9.24
7.98
10.00
15.03
13.47
16.02
16.82
15.90
11.50
$0.08
.05
.03
.03
.03
.15
.09
.13
.14
.37
85.4
91.2
96.6
91.6
83.0
87.0
80.5
78.2
81.8
91.6
30,533
4,408
1,301
7,756
13.85
11.99
14.03
11.83
.05
.07
.23
.05
84.5
89.9
87.3
85.1
14,258
18,134
4,941
3,164
1,474
304
10.25
15.85
14.72
15.21
12.56
14.80
.05
.07
.17
.14
.25
.59
93.7
81.5
80.9
82.0
83.6
76.1
6,034
6,446
30,888
19.78
19.47
12.45
.15
.21
.06
77.0
77.7
88.8
29,356
4,702
11,740
8,545
4,369
15.03
11.50
15.00
16.18
19.15
.03
.16
.04
.11
.37
83.0
78.8
75.5
81.4
94.2
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White......................................................................
Black or African American......................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
MARITAL STATUS
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status................................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION 1
Members of unions 2...............................................
3
Represented by a union .......................................
Not represented by a union....................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
4
High school, no college ....................................
Some college or associate degree.....................
Bachelor's degree and higher 5 ..........................
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, or geographic region.
2
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3
Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
4
Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's, professional, or doctoral degree.
NOTE: Workers paid by the hour account for approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary
workers. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race.
5
47
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2008 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$4.00
$4.00
to
$4.99
$5.00
to
$5.99
$6.00
to
$7.99
$8.00
to
$9.99
$10.00
to
$11.99
$12.00
to
$14.99
$15.00
to
$19.99
$20.00
or
more
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and older......
16 to 24 years.............................
16 to 19 years..........................
20 to 24 years..........................
25 years and older......................
25 to 34 years..........................
35 to 44 years..........................
45 to 54 years..........................
55 to 64 years..........................
65 years and older...................
75,305
15,680
5,137
10,542
59,626
16,893
15,478
15,625
8,987
2,642
879
404
112
292
475
237
101
86
37
14
188
92
36
56
96
45
24
11
9
7
539
287
194
93
251
85
62
53
29
23
7,681
3,880
2,196
1,683
3,801
1,300
861
773
507
361
13,239
4,851
1,637
3,214
8,388
2,768
1,979
1,894
1,177
571
11,736
2,824
580
2,244
8,911
2,915
2,129
2,044
1,313
509
13,112
1,881
271
1,611
11,231
3,404
2,836
2,876
1,644
471
13,090
1,021
77
944
12,069
3,306
3,246
3,350
1,831
337
14,841
438
34
404
14,403
2,832
4,241
4,539
2,440
350
Women, 16 years and older.
16 to 24 years.............................
16 to 19 years..........................
20 to 24 years..........................
25 years and older......................
25 to 34 years..........................
35 to 44 years..........................
45 to 54 years..........................
55 to 64 years..........................
65 years and older...................
37,972
7,701
2,660
5,042
30,270
7,864
7,783
8,260
4,895
1,469
631
299
88
210
332
164
73
57
28
11
121
54
24
30
67
30
18
5
9
5
335
175
113
62
160
57
35
37
16
16
4,757
2,195
1,214
981
2,562
791
613
587
352
218
7,589
2,443
836
1,607
5,147
1,511
1,266
1,281
764
324
6,248
1,188
241
948
5,060
1,452
1,233
1,265
809
301
6,647
803
110
693
5,844
1,509
1,461
1,657
950
268
5,766
380
25
355
5,386
1,258
1,434
1,602
921
170
5,877
164
9
156
5,713
1,093
1,649
1,770
1,045
156
Men, 16 years and older.......
16 to 24 years.............................
16 to 19 years..........................
20 to 24 years..........................
25 years and older......................
25 to 34 years..........................
35 to 44 years..........................
45 to 54 years..........................
55 to 64 years..........................
65 years and older...................
37,334
7,978
2,478
5,500
29,356
9,029
7,696
7,365
4,092
1,174
249
106
23
82
143
74
28
29
9
3
66
37
12
26
29
15
6
6
2
204
112
81
31
91
28
27
16
13
7
2,924
1,685
982
702
1,240
509
248
185
155
142
5,649
2,408
801
1,607
3,241
1,256
712
613
412
247
5,488
1,636
339
1,297
3,852
1,463
897
779
504
208
6,465
1,079
161
918
5,387
1,896
1,375
1,219
694
203
7,324
641
53
589
6,683
2,048
1,811
1,748
910
166
8,964
274
26
249
8,690
1,740
2,591
2,770
1,395
195
See note at end of table.
48
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2008 annual averages—Continued
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$4.00
$4.00
to
$4.99
$5.00
to
$5.99
$6.00
to
$7.99
$8.00
to
$9.99
$10.00
to
$11.99
$12.00
to
$14.99
$15.00
to
$19.99
$20.00
or
more
RACE, HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY,
AND SEX
White........................................
Women........................................
Men.............................................
60,464
29,931
30,533
745
543
203
165
109
56
417
266
151
5,955
3,647
2,308
10,191
5,806
4,385
9,281
4,865
4,416
10,421
5,240
5,181
10,766
4,663
6,102
12,523
4,793
7,730
Black or African American.......
Women........................................
Men.............................................
9,866
5,457
4,408
79
50
29
10
6
4
92
52
40
1,252
822
430
2,110
1,232
878
1,690
979
712
1,903
1,001
902
1,481
710
771
1,247
605
642
Asian........................................
Women........................................
Men.............................................
2,844
1,543
1,301
31
18
13
5
1
4
18
9
9
213
137
76
501
302
199
412
232
180
447
241
206
486
240
246
731
363
369
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity......
Women........................................
Men.............................................
13,070
5,313
7,756
101
61
40
22
12
10
84
49
35
1,452
846
606
3,111
1,462
1,649
2,408
925
1,483
2,342
844
1,499
1,998
677
1,321
1,551
437
1,114
NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represent approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary workers. Estimates for the above race
groups (white, black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose
ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates data not available or do not meet publication standards.
49
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing Federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years..............................................................
16 to 19 years...........................................................
20 to 24 years...........................................................
25 years and older.......................................................
25 to 34 years...........................................................
35 to 44 years...........................................................
45 to 54 years...........................................................
55 to 64 years...........................................................
65 years and older....................................................
75,305
15,680
5,137
10,542
59,626
16,893
15,478
15,625
8,987
2,642
1,940
961
437
524
979
441
219
172
83
63
286
161
108
53
125
41
23
29
23
9
2,226
1,122
545
577
1,104
482
242
201
106
72
3.0
7.2
10.6
5.5
1.9
2.9
1.6
1.3
1.2
2.7
Women, 16 years and older..................................
16 to 24 years..............................................................
16 to 19 years...........................................................
20 to 24 years...........................................................
25 years and older.......................................................
25 to 34 years...........................................................
35 to 44 years...........................................................
45 to 54 years...........................................................
55 to 64 years...........................................................
65 years and older....................................................
37,972
7,701
2,660
5,042
30,270
7,864
7,783
8,260
4,895
1,469
1,302
635
281
354
666
300
153
111
57
44
196
103
70
33
93
32
17
23
15
6
1,498
738
351
387
759
332
170
134
72
50
3.9
9.6
13.2
7.7
2.5
4.2
2.2
1.6
1.5
3.4
Men, 16 years and older........................................
16 to 24 years..............................................................
16 to 19 years...........................................................
20 to 24 years...........................................................
25 years and older.......................................................
25 to 34 years...........................................................
35 to 44 years...........................................................
45 to 54 years...........................................................
55 to 64 years...........................................................
65 years and older....................................................
37,334
7,978
2,478
5,500
29,356
9,029
7,696
7,365
4,092
1,174
638
326
155
170
313
141
66
61
26
19
90
58
39
20
32
9
5
7
9
3
728
384
194
190
345
150
71
68
35
22
1.9
4.8
7.8
3.5
1.2
1.7
.9
.9
.9
1.9
See footnotes at end of table.
50
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2008 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Characteristic
Total
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing Federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO
ETHNICITY, AND SEX
White.........................................................................
Women.........................................................................
Men..............................................................................
60,464
29,931
30,533
1,568
1,073
495
215
151
65
1,783
1,224
560
2.9
4.1
1.8
Black or African American........................................
Women.........................................................................
Men..............................................................................
9,866
5,457
4,408
259
154
105
49
32
17
308
186
122
3.1
3.4
2.8
Asian, 16 years and older.........................................
Women.........................................................................
Men..............................................................................
2,844
1,543
1,301
58
34
24
11
8
3
69
42
27
2.4
2.7
2.1
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......................................
Women.........................................................................
Men..............................................................................
13,070
5,313
7,756
285
168
117
39
23
15
324
191
132
2.5
3.6
1.7
Full-time workers......................................................
Women.........................................................................
Men..............................................................................
56,837
25,474
31,363
778
464
313
95
68
27
873
532
340
1.5
2.1
1.1
Part-time workers......................................................
Women.........................................................................
Men..............................................................................
18,334
12,431
5,903
1,162
837
325
191
128
63
1,353
965
388
7.4
7.8
6.6
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS AND SEX 1
1
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (white,
black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races.
Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race.
The distinction between full- and part-time workers
is based on hours usually worked. These data do not
sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the
principal or main job is not identifiable for a small
number of multiple jobholders.
51
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$198
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1
1986 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
187
200
208
211
217
224
232
243
249
259
154
161
164
164
169
174
178
186
196
204
200
213
220
223
231
240
248
259
266
276
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
276
296
311
321
335
349
360
373
383
394
302
326
354
370
389
406
419
435
450
472
298
320
345
367
385
400
416
429
453
472
285
309
325
346
366
381
397
405
419
431
203
222
253
261
272
297
298
310
323
334
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
269
277
276
282
286
292
298
306
319
341
209
213
212
214
221
231
240
252
268
281
285
291
290
297
300
306
312
321
339
363
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
407
415
422
436
439
451
463
481
502
518
486
498
503
517
537
550
559
579
597
611
489
507
522
542
566
582
594
607
620
652
457
469
483
492
501
514
535
558
592
604
343
381
378
393
384
389
384
393
405
404
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
361
375
381
387
390
397
409
424
443
297
305
305
311
309
318
324
337
349
383
394
399
402
406
411
423
450
467
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
549
576
591
594
604
610
621
643
666
625
657
668
687
713
731
748
769
804
669
693
706
723
743
748
773
790
822
620
638
674
708
725
742
765
803
825
463
488
502
516
560
569
583
605
644
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
52
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
WOMEN
1979………………
$182
$154
$132
$161
$195
$199
$196
$192
$189
$170
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986 1 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
167
180
192
198
203
211
219
227
235
246
145
154
158
158
162
166
170
172
184
197
175
191
201
207
213
221
231
242
251
260
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
218
239
258
272
285
296
306
316
327
340
214
238
258
272
292
307
319
337
354
370
209
225
252
264
279
292
308
324
339
357
205
222
245
257
270
285
296
308
317
333
175
189
211
212
219
242
256
261
280
292
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
254
266
267
273
276
275
284
292
305
324
198
205
205
205
211
215
223
240
249
266
269
280
280
289
290
291
298
306
319
343
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
356
371
382
395
397
403
415
427
451
470
390
407
418
435
448
453
463
482
498
503
377
398
417
440
450
464
481
495
516
534
348
363
376
395
398
403
420
433
476
492
300
319
328
335
336
353
334
348
350
370
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
344
353
367
371
375
381
395
409
420
283
288
295
299
293
304
305
318
322
366
375
385
387
391
396
413
426
445
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
493
512
530
546
561
573
583
597
623
521
547
571
590
608
621
645
668
682
564
587
602
609
625
644
659
677
707
508
536
574
601
615
639
658
679
711
392
390
430
435
478
492
510
534
563
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
53
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
MEN
1979………………
$292
$196
$155
$211
$314
$295
$336
$338
$312
$219
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1
1986 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
208
218
225
223
231
241
246
257
262
271
162
168
170
168
174
183
186
196
205
209
224
237
244
242
250
258
264
275
279
290
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
314
340
358
371
382
394
402
412
421
434
367
397
422
442
471
487
499
510
517
542
367
396
419
444
470
489
506
520
549
569
345
377
399
416
439
467
484
495
509
521
229
266
300
308
328
367
358
380
395
393
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
282
285
284
288
294
303
307
317
334
356
218
219
218
221
228
244
251
262
281
291
298
300
297
303
307
315
321
338
357
379
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
449
458
466
476
479
490
499
515
544
577
560
576
581
596
617
624
632
651
677
702
591
612
634
653
671
685
698
713
732
763
546
563
579
586
603
623
643
669
699
725
403
467
421
451
441
441
477
452
482
470
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
375
391
391
398
400
409
418
443
461
306
319
312
321
318
330
348
357
369
395
408
410
412
417
422
435
472
481
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
598
617
627
628
639
644
661
687
704
728
754
759
775
804
822
836
873
915
771
799
807
834
857
853
897
909
944
735
760
802
827
843
855
902
933
943
522
565
583
612
641
644
658
686
753
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
54
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
80.3
82.6
85.3
88.8
87.9
87.6
89.0
88.3
89.7
90.8
89.5
91.7
92.9
94.0
93.1
90.7
91.4
87.8
89.8
94.3
78.1
80.6
82.4
85.5
85.2
85.7
87.5
88.0
90.0
89.7
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
69.4
70.3
72.1
73.3
74.6
75.1
76.1
76.7
77.7
78.3
58.3
59.9
61.1
61.5
62.0
63.0
63.9
66.1
68.5
68.3
56.9
56.8
60.1
59.5
59.4
59.7
60.9
62.3
61.7
62.7
59.4
58.9
61.4
61.8
61.5
61.0
61.2
62.2
62.3
63.9
76.4
71.1
70.3
68.8
66.8
65.9
71.5
68.7
70.9
74.3
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994 1………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997 1………………
1998 1………………
1999 1………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
90.1
93.3
94.0
94.8
93.9
90.8
92.5
92.1
91.3
91.0
90.8
93.6
94.0
92.8
92.5
88.1
88.8
91.6
88.6
91.4
90.3
93.3
94.3
95.4
94.5
92.4
92.8
90.5
89.4
90.5
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75.1
75.9
74.4
79.3
81.0
82.0
83.0
82.9
82.2
83.2
82.9
82.9
81.5
69.6
70.7
71.9
73.0
72.6
72.6
73.3
74.0
73.6
71.7
63.8
65.0
65.8
67.4
67.1
67.7
68.9
69.4
70.5
70.0
63.7
64.5
64.9
67.4
66.0
64.7
65.3
64.7
68.1
67.9
74.4
68.3
77.9
74.3
76.2
80.0
70.0
77.0
72.6
78.7
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
91.7
90.3
93.9
93.2
93.8
93.2
94.5
92.3
91.1
92.5
90.3
94.6
93.1
92.1
92.1
87.6
89.1
87.3
92.7
91.9
93.9
93.9
93.8
93.8
94.9
90.3
92.5
74.5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
82.4
83.0
84.5
86.9
87.8
89.0
88.2
86.9
88.5
71.6
72.5
75.2
76.1
75.6
75.5
77.2
76.5
74.5
73.2
73.5
74.6
73.0
72.9
75.5
73.5
74.5
74.9
69.1
70.5
71.6
72.7
73.0
74.7
72.9
72.8
75.4
75.1
69.0
73.8
71.1
74.6
76.4
77.5
77.8
74.8
Year and sex
WOMEN'S
EARNINGS
AS PERCENT
OF MEN'S
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003 1………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
2008 1………………
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in
the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
55
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2008) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2008 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
$666
$475
$398
$514
$732
$704
$773
$762
$724
$547
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1
1986 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
652
645
647
643
643
656
672
678
673
668
465
455
445
433
428
427
434
440
435
434
383
366
351
337
333
332
333
337
343
342
498
484
471
458
456
458
464
469
465
462
711
700
700
704
714
723
732
730
724
715
687
673
666
659
661
666
674
676
670
660
751
741
758
760
767
775
785
788
787
791
741
727
739
754
759
763
779
777
792
791
709
702
696
710
722
727
743
734
733
722
505
505
542
536
536
567
558
562
565
559
658
656
662
673
671
672
669
672
690
709
430
427
415
413
411
410
407
409
421
441
334
328
319
314
318
324
328
337
354
363
455
448
436
435
431
429
426
429
447
469
717
720
720
720
718
715
710
722
755
765
650
639
635
639
631
633
633
643
662
669
776
767
756
758
772
771
764
774
788
789
781
781
785
795
813
816
811
811
818
842
730
723
726
721
720
721
731
746
781
780
548
587
568
576
552
546
525
525
534
522
720
724
727
726
727
718
716
722
722
451
456
456
453
444
438
436
440
443
371
371
365
364
352
351
346
350
349
479
479
477
471
462
453
451
467
467
761
765
773
775
778
767
766
766
761
686
700
707
696
688
673
663
668
666
781
798
799
804
812
806
798
799
804
836
842
844
847
846
825
825
820
822
775
775
806
829
826
818
816
834
825
579
593
600
604
638
627
622
628
644
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
56
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2008) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
WOMEN
1979………………
$503
$425
$365
$445
$539
$550
$541
$530
$522
$470
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986 1 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
500
498
512
517
523
529
545
549
551
549
415
409
411
407
400
403
410
411
411
412
361
350
338
324
320
317
318
312
322
330
435
434
430
425
420
422
433
438
439
436
530
530
546
550
558
565
577
582
586
588
542
543
552
559
562
565
573
572
572
570
532
541
552
559
576
586
597
611
619
620
520
511
540
542
550
557
577
587
593
598
510
505
525
528
533
544
554
558
554
558
435
430
452
435
432
462
479
473
490
489
553
564
571
576
573
569
571
576
602
611
406
410
402
400
397
386
388
390
402
419
316
316
308
301
303
302
305
321
328
344
430
431
421
424
417
408
407
409
421
443
589
596
602
609
605
600
607
618
640
642
569
572
574
579
570
565
567
571
595
607
623
627
629
638
644
635
633
644
657
650
602
613
627
645
647
651
657
662
681
690
556
559
565
579
572
565
574
579
628
636
479
492
493
491
483
495
456
465
462
478
616
622
633
646
653
645
640
638
638
430
429
439
434
427
420
422
425
420
354
350
353
350
334
335
326
330
322
458
456
461
453
445
437
441
442
445
645
660
679
684
682
675
669
671
670
616
622
634
639
639
632
622
620
623
651
665
683
691
692
685
688
694
682
705
713
720
713
712
710
703
703
707
635
651
687
704
700
705
702
705
711
490
474
514
509
544
542
544
555
563
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
57
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2008) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
MEN
1979………………
$807
$541
$428
$583
$867
$815
$928
$934
$862
$605
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1
1986 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
779
773
779
778
773
777
785
786
785
784
517
495
482
458
456
460
461
466
458
454
403
382
364
345
343
349
348
355
358
350
557
539
522
497
493
492
494
498
488
486
843
845
842
836
832
845
867
864
851
838
781
773
767
762
753
752
753
746
736
727
913
902
904
908
929
929
934
924
904
908
913
900
897
912
927
933
948
942
960
953
858
857
854
854
866
891
906
897
890
873
570
605
642
632
647
700
670
688
691
658
768
760
753
748
750
755
761
774
789
798
450
439
427
422
422
425
419
424
441
460
348
337
328
324
328
342
343
350
371
376
476
462
447
444
441
442
439
452
471
490
818
806
806
814
828
825
818
822
843
863
717
706
701
698
688
687
682
689
718
745
895
888
874
874
886
875
863
870
893
907
944
943
953
957
964
961
954
953
966
986
872
867
871
859
866
874
878
894
922
937
644
720
633
661
634
619
652
604
636
607
801
814
812
814
812
796
793
795
798
469
475
468
466
456
451
446
460
461
383
388
373
376
362
364
371
371
369
494
496
490
482
475
465
464
490
481
866
875
876
871
868
850
851
855
857
748
750
750
735
728
710
705
713
704
910
916
908
907
916
906
892
907
915
964
971
965
977
976
940
957
944
944
919
923
959
968
960
943
963
969
943
653
687
697
717
730
710
702
712
753
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has been
affected at various times by methodological and conceptual
changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an
explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the
Household Data technical documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using
current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to
constant dollars. See Technical Note.
58
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$241
$248
$199
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861 ……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
269
291
310
320
336
356
371
384
395
409
212
235
245
261
269
277
291
301
314
319
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
424
442
458
475
484
494
506
519
545
573
329
348
357
369
371
383
387
400
426
445
-
2000 1……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
20081……………………………………
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
590
610
623
636
657
672
690
716
742
474
491
498
514
525
520
554
569
589
$615
639
658
693
708
753
784
830
861
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
See footnote at end of table.
59
-
$194
209
223
240
250
259
270
277
285
290
298
304
312
321
331
324
329
339
351
370
385
399
417
424
440
456
471
486
503
529
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual
averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$182
$184
$169
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………………
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
203
221
242
254
268
281
294
307
318
334
185
206
217
232
241
252
264
276
288
301
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
353
373
387
401
408
415
428
444
468
483
308
323
335
348
346
355
362
375
400
409
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
20081……………………………………
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
502
522
547
567
584
596
609
626
654
429
454
473
491
505
499
519
533
554
$547
563
566
598
613
665
699
731
753
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
See footnote at end of table.
60
-
$157
172
190
203
215
223
230
241
251
260
269
278
292
302
313
305
305
316
318
337
348
366
388
397
410
419
429
440
473
501
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual
averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$292
$298
$227
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
320
350
375
387
401
418
433
450
465
482
244
268
278
294
303
305
319
327
348
348
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
494
506
514
524
547
566
580
595
615
638
361
375
380
392
400
411
412
432
468
488
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
20081……………………………………
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
662
689
702
715
732
743
761
788
825
510
529
524
555
569
559
591
600
620
$685
732
756
772
802
825
882
936
966
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
See footnote at end of table.
61
-
$219
234
251
269
274
287
296
299
306
308
315
318
323
339
346
343
350
356
371
390
406
417
440
451
464
480
489
505
520
559
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2008 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN'S EARNINGS
AS PERCENT OF MEN'S
71.7
85.3
86.1
88.2
88.8
86.5
86.4
87.9
86.8
85.5
83.8
-
84.1
85.8
90.3
88.5
88.8
89.3
87.8
88.8
89.4
79.9
76.9
74.9
77.5
76.4
80.6
79.3
78.1
78.0
87.8
88.2
88.0
88.4
87.3
87.7
87.1
91.0
89.6
1979……………………………………
62.3
61.7
74.4
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
63.4
63.1
64.5
65.6
66.8
67.2
67.9
68.2
68.4
69.3
75.8
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.5
82.6
82.8
84.4
82.8
86.5
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
71.5
73.7
75.3
76.5
74.6
73.3
73.8
74.6
76.1
75.7
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
20081……………………………………
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
75.8
75.8
77.9
79.3
79.8
80.2
80.0
79.4
79.3
1
The comparability of historical labor force data
has been affected at various times by
methodological and conceptual changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). For an
explanation, see the Historical Comparability
section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf .
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above
race groups (white, black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected this race
73.5
75.7
75.5
78.5
77.7
77.7
80.6
82.0
84.4
85.4
87.4
90.4
89.1
90.5
88.9
87.1
88.8
85.7
86.4
85.7
group only; persons who selected more than one
race group are not included. Prior to 2003,
persons who reported more than one race were
included in the group they identified as the main
race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data for
2000-2002 are for the category Asians and Pacific
Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate
category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior
to 2000. Dash indicates data not available.
62
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2008) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$666
$685
$550
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861 ……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
652
645
647
643
643
656
672
678
673
668
669
661
664
657
663
679
695
696
691
685
527
534
525
536
531
529
545
545
549
534
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
658
656
662
673
671
672
669
672
690
709
677
681
689
696
695
693
691
694
719
740
526
536
537
541
533
537
529
535
562
575
-
2000 1……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
20081……………………………………
720
724
727
726
727
718
716
722
722
738
741
745
745
748
741
736
744
742
593
597
596
602
598
573
591
591
589
$769
776
787
811
806
830
837
862
861
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
See footnote at end of table.
63
-
$536
520
507
514
513
511
515
519
516
507
499
486
481
483
485
466
461
463
469
488
497
499
507
507
515
519
519
519
522
529
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2008) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$503
$508
$467
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………………
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
500
498
512
517
523
529
545
549
551
549
505
502
518
522
529
536
551
556
556
559
460
468
465
476
475
481
494
500
503
504
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
553
564
571
576
573
569
571
576
602
611
564
575
582
588
586
582
585
594
617
624
492
498
504
510
497
498
495
501
528
528
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
20081……………………………………
616
622
633
646
653
645
640
638
638
628
634
654
664
665
657
650
650
654
536
552
566
575
575
550
554
553
554
$684
684
677
700
698
733
746
759
753
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
See footnote at end of table.
64
-
$434
428
432
435
441
440
439
451
455
455
451
444
450
454
459
438
428
432
425
445
450
458
471
475
480
477
473
470
491
501
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2008) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$807
$823
$627
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
779
773
779
778
773
777
785
786
785
784
796
795
803
795
791
798
811
815
813
807
607
609
595
604
598
582
597
592
608
583
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
768
760
753
748
750
755
761
774
789
798
789
780
773
768
786
794
792
795
811
824
577
578
571
575
575
576
563
578
617
630
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
20081……………………………………
801
814
812
814
812
796
793
795
798
828
837
840
837
834
819
812
818
825
638
643
627
650
648
616
631
623
620
$856
889
904
904
913
910
941
972
966
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
1
The comparability of historical labor force data
has been affected at various times by
methodological and conceptual changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). For an
explanation, see the Historical Comparability
section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf .
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above
race groups (white, black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected this race
group only; persons who selected more than one
-
$605
582
570
576
563
566
565
560
554
538
528
508
498
510
507
493
491
486
496
515
525
521
535
539
543
547
539
539
540
559
race group are not included. Prior to 2003,
persons who reported more than one race were
included in the group they identified as the main
race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data for
2000-2002 are for the category Asians and Pacific
Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate
category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior
to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. The
Consumer Price Index research series using current
methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current
dollars to constant dollars. See Technical Note.
65
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2008 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college1
Some
college or
associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher 2
BOTH SEXES
1979……………………………………
$265
$210
$249
$282
$344
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
3
1986 ………………………………..
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
222
240
248
256
263
270
278
284
288
297
266
286
302
311
323
333
344
356
368
375
304
324
351
363
382
399
409
421
430
452
376
407
438
461
486
506
525
564
585
609
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
303
307
311
314
307
309
317
321
337
346
386
397
403
415
421
432
443
461
479
490
476
489
484
494
499
508
518
535
558
580
638
666
696
715
733
747
758
779
821
860
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
362
382
388
396
401
409
419
428
453
505
520
535
554
574
583
595
604
618
596
617
629
639
661
670
692
704
722
891
921
941
964
986
1,013
1,039
1,072
1,115
3
1990 …………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
3
1994 …………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
3
1997 …………………………………
3
1998 …………………………………
3
1999 …………………………………
3
2000 …………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
3
2003 …………………………………
2004 …………………………………
2005 …………………………………
2006 …………………………………
2007 …………………………………
3
2008 …………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
66
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2008 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college1
Some
college or
associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher 2
WOMEN
1979……………………………………
$195
$152
$185
$211
$264
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
3
1986 ………………………………..
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
164
175
184
195
200
202
208
214
221
231
201
217
236
246
259
268
277
288
298
304
231
255
274
288
305
317
330
347
360
379
290
318
346
369
390
414
436
466
485
507
1990 3 …………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
3
1994 …………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997 3 …………………………………
3
1998 …………………………………
3
1999 …………………………………
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
240
250
256
263
257
262
268
275
283
290
315
328
337
347
351
356
365
378
396
405
395
409
407
422
423
427
442
459
476
488
535
562
594
611
634
644
657
672
707
740
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
304
316
325
329
334
341
358
369
378
420
443
458
474
488
493
500
512
520
505
520
543
560
577
587
602
609
628
756
786
809
832
860
883
905
932
955
3
2000 …………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
3
2003 …………………………………
2004 …………………………………
2005 …………………………………
2006 …………………………………
2007 …………………………………
3
2008 …………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
67
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2008 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college1
Some
college or
associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher 2
MEN
1979……………………………………
$314
$252
$308
$329
$396
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
3
1986 ………………………………..
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
267
286
293
301
308
314
321
324
332
346
327
356
374
388
399
407
416
423
437
450
358
389
411
422
446
472
485
497
503
517
427
475
503
518
562
590
618
653
679
705
1990 3 …………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
3
1994 …………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
3
1997 …………………………………
3
1998 …………………………………
3
1999 …………………………………
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
349
349
351
356
342
347
357
365
383
395
459
470
479
487
496
507
516
535
559
580
542
563
555
572
587
596
604
621
643
665
741
764
791
806
826
845
874
896
939
977
2000 3 …………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
3
2003 …………………………………
2004 …………………………………
2005 …………………………………
2006 …………………………………
2007 …………………………………
3
2008 …………………………………
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
406
419
421
429
446
455
469
481
497
591
609
617
628
645
652
678
689
709
691
723
731
740
761
766
796
810
830
1,020
1,067
1,090
1,131
1,143
1,167
1,205
1,243
1,285
See footnotes at end of table.
68
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2008 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college1
Some
college or
associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher 2
WOMEN'S EARNINGS
AS PERCENT OF MEN'S
1979……………………………………
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.7
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
3
1986 ………………………………..
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
61.4
61.2
62.8
64.8
64.9
64.3
64.8
66.0
66.6
66.8
61.5
61.0
63.1
63.4
64.9
65.8
66.6
68.1
68.2
67.6
64.5
65.6
66.7
68.2
68.4
67.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.3
67.9
66.9
68.8
71.2
69.4
70.2
70.6
71.4
71.4
71.9
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75.1
75.9
74.4
68.8
71.6
72.9
73.9
75.1
75.5
75.1
75.3
73.9
73.4
68.6
69.8
70.4
71.3
70.8
70.2
70.7
70.7
70.8
69.8
72.9
72.6
73.3
73.8
72.1
71.6
73.2
73.9
74.0
73.4
72.2
73.6
75.1
75.8
76.8
76.2
75.2
75.0
75.3
75.7
74.5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
74.9
75.4
77.2
76.7
74.9
74.9
76.3
76.7
76.1
71.1
72.7
74.2
75.5
75.7
75.6
73.7
74.3
73.3
73.1
71.9
74.3
75.7
75.8
76.6
75.6
75.2
75.7
74.1
73.7
74.2
73.6
75.2
75.7
75.1
75.0
74.3
3
1990 …………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
3
1994 …………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
3
1997 …………………………………
3
1998 …………………………………
3
1999 …………………………………
3
2000 …………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
3
2003 …………………………………
2004 …………………………………
2005 …………………………………
2006 …………………………………
2007 …………………………………
3
2008 …………………………………
1
Includes persons with a high school diploma or
equivalent.
and conceptual
changes
in
the
Current
Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see
the Historical Comparability section of the
Household Data technical documentation provided
at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
2
Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's,
professional, or doctoral degree.
3
The comparability of historical labor force data
has been affected at various times by methodological
69
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years
and older, in constant (2008) dollars, by sex and educational attainment,
1979–2008 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college1
Some
college or
associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher 2
BOTH SEXES
1979……………………………………
$732
$580
$688
$779
$950
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
3
1986 ………………………………..
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
711
700
700
704
714
723
732
730
724
715
552
545
531
526
519
515
521
514
503
497
662
650
647
639
637
635
644
645
643
628
756
736
752
745
753
761
766
763
752
757
935
925
938
947
959
966
983
1,022
1,023
1,020
717
720
720
720
718
715
710
722
755
765
484
473
468
460
441
433
433
429
445
447
617
612
606
609
605
606
605
616
632
633
760
753
728
724
717
712
708
715
736
749
1,019
1,026
1,047
1,048
1,053
1,048
1,036
1,041
1,083
1,111
761
765
773
775
778
767
766
766
761
453
464
464
464
457
451
447
444
453
631
632
640
649
654
643
635
627
618
745
750
752
748
753
739
739
731
722
1,114
1,119
1,126
1,129
1,123
1,117
1,109
1,113
1,115
3
1990 …………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
3
1994 …………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
3
1997 …………………………………
3
1998 …………………………………
3
1999 …………………………………
3
2000 …………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
3
2003 …………………………………
2004 …………………………………
2005 …………………………………
2006 …………………………………
2007 …………………………………
3
2008 …………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
70
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years
and older, in constant (2008) dollars, by sex and educational attainment,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college1
Some
college or
associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher 2
WOMEN
1979……………………………………
$539
$420
$511
$583
$729
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
3
1986 ………………………………..
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
530
530
546
550
558
565
577
582
586
588
408
398
394
400
394
385
390
388
386
387
500
493
505
505
511
511
519
522
521
509
575
580
587
591
602
605
618
629
629
635
721
723
741
758
769
790
816
844
848
849
1990 3 …………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
3
1994 …………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997 3 …………………………………
3
1998 …………………………………
3
1999 …………………………………
589
596
602
609
605
600
607
618
640
642
383
385
385
386
369
367
366
368
373
375
503
505
507
509
504
499
499
505
522
523
631
630
612
619
608
599
604
614
628
630
855
866
893
896
911
903
898
898
933
956
645
660
679
684
682
675
669
671
670
380
384
389
385
380
376
382
383
378
525
538
548
555
556
544
534
532
520
631
632
650
656
657
647
642
632
628
945
955
968
974
979
974
966
968
955
3
2000 …………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
3
2003 …………………………………
2004 …………………………………
2005 …………………………………
2006 …………………………………
2007 …………………………………
3
2008 …………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
71
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years
and older, in constant (2008) dollars, by sex and educational attainment,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college1
Some
college or
associate
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher 2
MEN
1979……………………………………
$867
$696
$851
$909
$1,094
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
3
1986 ………………………………..
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
843
845
842
836
832
845
867
864
851
838
664
650
627
618
607
599
601
587
580
580
813
809
801
797
787
777
779
766
764
754
891
884
880
867
880
901
908
900
879
866
1,062
1,080
1,077
1,064
1,108
1,126
1,157
1,183
1,187
1,181
1990 3 …………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
3
1994 …………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
3
1997 …………………………………
3
1998 …………………………………
3
1999 …………………………………
818
806
806
814
828
825
818
822
843
863
558
538
528
522
491
487
488
488
505
510
733
724
720
714
713
711
705
715
737
749
866
867
835
839
843
836
825
830
848
859
1,184
1,177
1,189
1,182
1,187
1,185
1,194
1,198
1,239
1,262
2000 3 …………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
3
2003 …………………………………
2004 …………………………………
2005 …………………………………
2006 …………………………………
2007 …………………………………
3
2008 …………………………………
866
875
876
871
868
850
851
855
857
508
509
504
502
508
502
501
499
497
739
740
738
735
735
719
724
715
709
864
878
874
867
867
845
850
841
830
1,275
1,296
1,304
1,324
1,302
1,287
1,286
1,291
1,285
1
Includes persons with a high school diploma or
equivalent.
Comparability section of the Household Data
technical documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf .
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research
series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to
convert current dollars to constant dollars. See
Technical Note.
2
Includes persons with a bachelor's, master's,
professional, or doctoral degree.
3
The comparability of historical labor force data
has been affected at various times by methodological
and conceptual changes in the Current Population
Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
72
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
3.71
3.97
4.05
4.08
4.18
4.26
4.41
4.59
4.79
4.95
3.22
3.58
3.60
3.61
3.65
3.67
3.71
3.81
4.03
4.22
4.29
4.61
4.66
4.69
4.82
4.94
5.06
5.21
5.38
5.65
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9.10
9.53
5.16
5.26
5.37
5.51
5.62
5.80
5.94
6.15
6.58
6.87
4.49
4.69
4.73
4.80
4.91
5.04
5.17
5.51
5.88
6.08
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
7.24
7.69
7.81
7.90
7.98
8.07
8.24
8.65
8.87
6.41
6.76
6.91
6.93
7.00
7.05
7.23
7.57
7.84
25 to 34
years
65 years
and
older
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.23
5.55
5.99
6.28
6.55
6.84
7.05
7.23
7.46
7.74
7.94
5.66
6.09
6.35
6.50
6.77
6.92
7.01
7.19
7.43
7.64
5.76
6.20
6.61
6.91
7.17
7.49
7.79
7.94
8.17
8.56
5.65
6.01
6.42
6.73
7.08
7.37
7.73
7.86
8.16
8.42
5.39
5.81
6.11
6.41
6.62
6.91
7.17
7.42
7.48
7.82
3.56
3.92
4.12
4.40
4.63
4.74
4.97
5.08
5.23
5.42
5.91
6.00
6.03
6.15
6.22
6.42
6.69
6.91
7.24
7.74
8.16
8.48
8.73
8.95
9.12
9.36
9.62
9.87
10.13
10.47
7.90
8.04
8.17
8.27
8.38
8.71
8.82
9.04
9.65
9.98
8.82
9.17
9.38
9.61
9.92
10.02
10.14
10.36
10.86
11.02
8.79
9.11
9.52
9.86
10.02
10.13
10.24
10.60
10.96
11.33
8.02
8.19
8.48
8.90
9.02
9.20
9.39
9.73
10.08
10.38
5.75
5.94
6.14
6.39
6.39
6.65
6.77
6.89
7.40
7.70
8.07
8.38
8.47
8.66
8.78
8.91
9.16
9.66
9.76
10.88
11.40
11.83
12.05
12.23
12.48
12.94
13.16
13.81
10.18
10.67
10.98
11.25
11.37
11.76
11.95
12.05
12.50
11.35
11.97
12.18
12.46
12.89
13.11
13.49
13.93
14.38
11.82
12.17
12.46
12.97
13.23
13.48
14.03
14.39
14.87
10.82
11.37
11.85
12.19
12.58
12.95
13.33
13.71
14.20
8.05
8.53
9.07
9.19
9.62
9.93
10.15
10.37
10.89
Total
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986 1 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
73
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
$3.62
$3.19
$3.03
$3.52
$3.90
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.45
3.71
3.78
3.82
3.93
4.01
4.11
4.22
4.48
4.69
3.14
3.52
3.55
3.55
3.59
3.61
3.65
3.71
3.91
4.10
3.79
4.09
4.19
4.26
4.36
4.56
4.71
4.89
5.05
5.23
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8.64
4.95
5.08
5.16
5.27
5.32
5.49
5.68
5.95
6.24
6.60
4.35
4.64
4.69
4.73
4.83
4.94
5.09
5.42
5.78
5.98
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
7.00
7.25
7.45
7.59
7.71
7.80
7.99
8.15
8.43
6.23
6.61
6.80
6.85
6.86
6.92
7.11
7.41
7.71
25 to 34
years
65 years
and
older
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
$4.04
$3.97
$3.84
$3.75
$3.12
4.24
4.69
5.02
5.23
5.48
5.73
5.95
6.16
6.44
6.78
4.44
4.89
5.19
5.44
5.60
5.79
5.95
6.14
6.36
6.68
4.29
4.77
5.08
5.31
5.61
5.91
6.13
6.35
6.76
7.10
4.23
4.59
4.95
5.19
5.51
5.76
5.99
6.28
6.59
6.90
4.08
4.43
4.80
5.07
5.27
5.46
5.75
6.03
6.08
6.38
3.38
3.71
3.93
4.16
4.37
4.43
4.73
4.85
5.12
5.14
5.57
5.71
5.77
5.96
5.98
6.09
6.26
6.55
6.93
7.22
7.07
7.34
7.65
7.87
8.05
8.17
8.43
8.75
9.13
9.53
7.01
7.19
7.45
7.61
7.78
7.92
8.06
8.20
8.80
9.10
7.37
7.73
7.99
8.16
8.44
8.63
8.89
9.14
9.66
9.83
7.16
7.61
7.94
8.18
8.46
8.72
8.94
9.26
9.78
9.95
6.73
6.95
7.20
7.56
7.82
7.93
8.07
8.31
8.85
9.33
5.45
5.76
5.97
6.18
6.24
6.45
6.45
6.83
7.21
7.50
7.80
8.00
8.11
8.19
8.32
8.50
8.82
9.00
9.16
9.89
10.20
10.71
11.01
11.23
11.58
11.87
12.05
12.48
9.69
9.94
10.12
10.51
10.62
10.86
11.07
11.21
11.72
10.03
10.44
10.98
11.17
11.45
11.84
12.05
12.36
12.89
10.18
10.85
11.18
11.79
11.95
12.13
12.26
12.85
13.16
9.84
10.39
10.81
11.05
11.57
11.86
12.12
12.23
13.00
7.87
8.14
8.73
8.84
9.16
9.82
9.97
10.15
10.53
Total
WOMEN
1979………………
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1
1986 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
74
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
$5.65
$3.90
$3.19
$4.64
$6.69
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
4.10
4.31
4.38
4.38
4.57
4.68
4.79
4.91
5.03
5.17
3.37
3.64
3.66
3.67
3.72
3.75
3.82
3.95
4.14
4.39
4.92
5.11
5.12
5.05
5.16
5.23
5.43
5.68
5.79
6.02
1990 ……………… 8.27
1991………………
8.59
1992………………
8.67
1993………………
8.86
1994 1 ……………… 9.00
1995………………
9.23
1996………………
9.52
1997 1 ……………… 9.83
1998 1 ……………… 10.06
1999 1 ……………… 10.31
5.44
5.58
5.65
5.75
5.88
6.04
6.17
6.45
6.91
7.12
4.64
4.74
4.80
4.87
4.98
5.14
5.25
5.61
5.98
6.18
7.63
8.01
8.05
8.14
8.21
8.42
8.79
9.13
9.24
6.64
6.90
7.02
7.02
7.15
7.21
7.43
7.77
7.98
25 to 34
years
65 years
and
older
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
$6.38
$7.12
$7.10
$6.59
$3.56
7.22
7.78
8.08
8.31
8.60
8.85
9.02
9.16
9.38
9.71
6.93
7.33
7.67
7.74
7.88
8.00
8.03
8.26
8.41
8.56
7.81
8.30
8.89
9.22
9.51
9.80
9.99
10.10
10.22
10.59
7.78
8.49
8.88
9.16
9.69
9.97
10.15
10.24
10.69
10.88
7.24
7.88
8.14
8.74
8.86
9.04
9.54
9.72
9.74
10.00
3.79
4.21
4.46
4.75
4.91
4.99
5.18
5.32
5.52
5.90
6.18
6.23
6.24
6.33
6.56
6.82
6.99
7.18
7.78
8.03
9.84
9.98
10.06
10.18
10.29
10.73
10.78
11.10
11.72
12.00
8.83
8.94
9.02
9.10
9.10
9.46
9.70
9.92
10.22
10.84
10.73
10.98
10.93
11.16
11.50
11.89
11.91
12.07
12.48
12.78
11.13
11.71
12.02
12.15
12.10
12.32
12.40
12.80
13.04
13.68
10.17
10.08
10.39
10.96
11.06
11.11
11.15
11.79
12.22
12.21
6.08
6.22
6.45
6.71
6.64
6.85
7.04
6.96
7.74
7.86
8.39
8.92
8.88
9.00
9.07
9.20
9.75
9.96
10.00
12.24
12.88
13.05
13.25
13.74
13.91
14.27
14.75
15.03
10.97
11.58
11.89
12.01
12.03
12.17
12.63
12.83
13.47
13.14
13.92
13.96
14.13
14.60
14.88
15.06
15.17
16.02
13.90
14.25
14.40
14.93
15.11
15.13
16.04
16.15
16.82
12.81
12.95
13.38
14.09
14.54
14.79
15.04
15.45
15.90
8.31
9.00
9.78
9.79
9.90
10.04
10.72
11.01
11.50
Total
MEN
1979………………
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986 1 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
1
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003 1 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
2008 1 ………………
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
See footnote at end of table.
75
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
16 to 24 years
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
WOMEN'S
EARNINGS
AS PERCENT
OF MEN'S
1979………………
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1
1986 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
84.1
86.1
86.3
87.2
86.0
85.7
85.8
85.9
89.1
90.7
93.2
96.7
97.0
96.7
96.5
96.3
95.5
93.9
94.4
93.4
77.0
80.0
81.8
84.4
84.5
87.2
86.7
86.1
87.2
86.9
58.7
60.3
62.1
62.9
63.7
64.7
66.0
67.2
68.7
69.8
64.1
66.7
67.7
70.3
71.1
72.4
74.1
74.3
75.6
78.0
54.9
57.5
57.1
57.6
59.0
60.3
61.4
62.9
66.1
67.0
54.4
54.1
55.7
56.7
56.9
57.8
59.0
61.3
61.6
63.4
56.4
56.2
59.0
58.0
59.5
60.4
60.3
62.0
62.4
63.8
89.2
88.1
88.1
87.6
89.0
88.8
91.3
91.2
92.8
87.1
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80.8
81.8
83.8
91.0
91.0
91.3
91.7
90.5
90.9
92.1
92.2
90.3
92.7
93.8
97.9
97.7
97.1
97.0
96.1
97.0
96.6
96.7
96.8
90.1
91.7
92.5
94.2
91.2
89.3
89.6
91.2
89.1
89.9
71.8
73.5
76.0
77.3
78.2
76.1
78.2
78.8
77.9
79.4
79.4
80.4
82.6
83.6
85.5
83.7
83.1
82.7
86.1
83.9
68.7
70.4
73.1
73.1
73.4
72.6
74.6
75.7
77.4
76.9
64.3
65.0
66.1
67.3
69.9
70.8
72.1
72.3
75.0
72.7
66.2
68.9
69.3
69.0
70.7
71.4
72.4
70.5
72.4
76.4
89.6
92.6
92.6
92.1
94.0
94.2
91.6
98.1
93.2
95.4
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
91.7
90.5
92.5
93.2
93.9
92.6
90.9
89.3
91.2
93.8
95.8
96.9
97.6
95.9
96.0
95.7
95.4
96.6
93.0
89.7
91.3
91.0
91.7
92.4
90.5
90.4
91.6
80.8
79.2
82.1
83.1
81.7
83.2
83.2
81.7
83.0
88.3
85.8
85.1
87.5
88.3
89.2
87.6
87.4
87.0
76.3
75.0
78.7
79.1
78.4
79.6
80.0
81.5
80.5
73.2
76.1
77.6
79.0
79.1
80.2
76.4
79.6
78.2
76.8
80.2
80.8
78.4
79.6
80.2
80.6
79.2
81.8
94.7
90.4
89.3
90.3
92.5
97.8
93.0
92.2
91.6
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in
the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
76
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant
(2008) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2008 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
$12.27
$9.64
$8.56
$11.10
$14.12
$14.36
$14.61
$14.25
$13.73
$8.92
11.99
11.70
11.56
11.48
11.50
11.51
11.61
11.72
11.77
11.71
9.23
9.02
8.67
8.38
8.24
8.13
8.26
8.32
8.37
8.29
8.01
8.14
7.71
7.41
7.20
7.00
6.95
6.90
7.05
7.07
10.67
10.48
9.98
9.63
9.51
9.43
9.48
9.44
9.41
9.46
13.81
13.61
13.45
13.45
13.49
13.45
13.54
13.51
13.53
13.30
14.08
13.84
13.60
13.35
13.35
13.21
13.13
13.03
12.99
12.80
14.33
14.09
14.15
14.19
14.14
14.29
14.59
14.38
14.28
14.34
14.05
13.66
13.75
13.82
13.96
14.06
14.48
14.24
14.27
14.10
13.41
13.20
13.08
13.16
13.06
13.19
13.43
13.44
13.08
13.10
8.86
8.91
8.82
9.03
9.13
9.05
9.31
9.20
9.14
9.08
11.55
11.56
11.61
11.54
11.51
11.46
11.48
11.70
12.01
12.31
8.24
8.10
8.08
8.08
8.07
8.13
8.11
8.22
8.68
8.88
7.17
7.23
7.11
7.04
7.05
7.07
7.06
7.37
7.76
7.86
9.44
9.24
9.07
9.02
8.94
9.00
9.14
9.24
9.55
10.00
13.04
13.07
13.13
13.12
13.10
13.13
13.14
13.20
13.36
13.53
12.62
12.39
12.29
12.13
12.04
12.22
12.05
12.09
12.73
12.89
14.09
14.13
14.11
14.09
14.25
14.05
13.85
13.85
14.33
14.24
14.04
14.04
14.32
14.46
14.40
14.21
13.99
14.17
14.46
14.64
12.81
12.62
12.75
13.05
12.96
12.90
12.83
13.01
13.30
13.41
9.19
9.15
9.23
9.37
9.18
9.33
9.25
9.21
9.76
9.95
12.39
12.38
12.52
12.70
12.53
12.34
12.55
12.41
12.23
9.05
9.34
9.34
9.25
9.09
8.90
8.79
8.98
8.87
8.01
8.21
8.27
8.11
7.97
7.77
7.72
7.86
7.84
10.09
10.18
10.13
10.14
10.00
9.82
9.78
10.03
9.76
13.60
13.85
14.15
14.11
13.93
13.76
13.81
13.67
13.81
12.73
12.96
13.13
13.17
12.95
12.97
12.75
12.51
12.50
14.19
14.54
14.57
14.59
14.68
14.45
14.40
14.47
14.38
14.78
14.79
14.90
15.19
15.07
14.86
14.97
14.94
14.87
13.53
13.82
14.17
14.27
14.33
14.28
14.23
14.24
14.20
10.06
10.36
10.85
10.76
10.96
10.95
10.83
10.77
10.89
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986 1 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
77
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant
(2008) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years
and
older
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
$10.00
$8.81
$8.37
$9.72
$10.77
$11.16
$10.97
$10.61
$10.36
$8.62
1980………………
9.83
1981………………
9.73
1982………………
9.87
1983………………
9.86
1984………………
9.80
1985………………
9.79
1
1986 ……………… 9.98
1987………………
10.14
1988………………
10.21
1989………………
10.23
8.58
8.43
8.09
7.84
7.75
7.65
7.70
7.64
7.83
7.86
7.81
8.00
7.60
7.29
7.08
6.89
6.84
6.72
6.84
6.87
9.43
9.30
8.97
8.75
8.60
8.70
8.82
8.86
8.83
8.76
10.55
10.66
10.75
10.74
10.81
10.94
11.14
11.16
11.26
11.36
11.04
11.11
11.11
11.17
11.05
11.05
11.14
11.12
11.12
11.19
10.67
10.84
10.88
10.90
11.07
11.28
11.48
11.50
11.82
11.89
10.52
10.43
10.60
10.66
10.87
10.99
11.22
11.38
11.52
11.56
10.15
10.07
10.28
10.41
10.39
10.42
10.77
10.92
10.63
10.69
8.41
8.43
8.42
8.54
8.62
8.45
8.86
8.79
8.95
8.61
10.29
10.40
10.47
10.44
10.42
10.46
10.56
10.61
10.86
11.16
7.91
7.83
7.76
7.73
7.64
7.70
7.76
7.95
8.23
8.53
6.95
7.15
7.05
6.94
6.94
6.93
6.95
7.25
7.63
7.73
8.90
8.80
8.68
8.74
8.59
8.54
8.55
8.76
9.14
9.33
11.29
11.31
11.50
11.54
11.57
11.46
11.52
11.70
12.04
12.31
11.20
11.08
11.20
11.16
11.18
11.11
11.01
10.96
11.61
11.76
11.77
11.91
12.02
11.96
12.13
12.10
12.14
12.22
12.74
12.70
11.44
11.73
11.94
11.99
12.16
12.23
12.21
12.38
12.90
12.86
10.75
10.71
10.83
11.09
11.24
11.12
11.02
11.11
11.68
12.05
8.71
8.88
8.98
9.06
8.97
9.05
8.81
9.13
9.51
9.69
11.33
11.71
11.83
11.80
11.58
11.37
11.37
11.40
11.49
8.75
8.81
8.91
8.89
8.78
8.60
8.53
8.46
8.43
7.79
8.03
8.13
8.02
7.81
7.63
7.59
7.69
7.71
9.75
9.72
9.70
9.59
9.48
9.37
9.41
9.35
9.16
12.36
12.39
12.81
12.89
12.79
12.77
12.67
12.51
12.48
12.11
12.08
12.11
12.31
12.10
11.97
11.81
11.64
11.72
12.54
12.69
13.13
13.08
13.04
13.05
12.86
12.83
12.89
12.73
13.18
13.37
13.81
13.61
13.37
13.08
13.34
13.16
12.30
12.62
12.93
12.94
13.18
13.08
12.93
12.70
13.00
9.84
9.89
10.44
10.35
10.43
10.83
10.64
10.54
10.53
Year and sex
WOMEN
1979………………
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1
1994 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1
1997 ………………
1
1998 ………………
1
1999 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
1
2003 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
1
2008 ………………
See footnote at end of table.
78
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant
(2008) dollars, by sex and age, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
$15.61
$10.77
$8.81
$12.82
$18.48
$17.62
$19.67
$19.61
$18.20
$9.83
15.17
14.93
14.67
14.21
14.04
13.99
14.21
14.08
13.83
13.57
10.20
9.80
9.38
8.99
9.01
8.93
8.97
8.89
8.79
8.66
8.38
8.27
7.84
7.54
7.34
7.16
7.15
7.16
7.24
7.35
12.24
11.61
10.96
10.37
10.18
9.98
10.17
10.29
10.12
10.08
17.96
17.68
17.30
17.06
16.96
16.89
16.89
16.59
16.40
16.26
17.24
16.66
16.42
15.89
15.54
15.27
15.04
14.96
14.70
14.34
19.43
18.86
19.04
18.93
18.76
18.70
18.71
18.30
17.87
17.74
19.35
19.30
19.01
18.81
19.11
19.03
19.01
18.55
18.69
18.22
18.01
17.91
17.43
17.95
17.48
17.25
17.87
17.61
17.03
16.75
9.43
9.57
9.55
9.75
9.68
9.52
9.70
9.64
9.65
9.88
13.21
13.24
13.04
12.99
12.93
12.95
13.01
13.14
13.27
13.32
8.69
8.60
8.50
8.43
8.45
8.47
8.43
8.62
9.12
9.20
7.41
7.30
7.22
7.14
7.16
7.21
7.17
7.50
7.89
7.98
9.87
9.60
9.38
9.28
9.43
9.57
9.55
9.60
10.26
10.37
15.72
15.38
15.13
14.93
14.78
15.05
14.73
14.84
15.46
15.50
14.11
13.78
13.56
13.34
13.07
13.27
13.25
13.26
13.48
14.01
17.14
16.92
16.44
16.36
16.52
16.68
16.27
16.14
16.46
16.51
17.78
18.04
18.08
17.82
17.39
17.28
16.94
17.11
17.20
17.67
16.25
15.53
15.62
16.07
15.89
15.58
15.23
15.76
16.12
15.78
9.71
9.58
9.70
9.84
9.54
9.61
9.62
9.30
10.21
10.16
13.51
13.75
13.92
13.92
13.69
13.41
13.53
13.45
13.46
9.54
9.73
9.63
9.53
9.35
9.28
9.38
9.48
9.24
8.30
8.38
8.40
8.22
8.14
7.95
7.93
8.07
7.98
10.49
10.84
10.62
10.54
10.33
10.14
10.41
10.34
10.00
15.30
15.65
15.61
15.52
15.65
15.34
15.23
15.32
15.03
13.71
14.07
14.22
14.06
13.70
13.42
13.48
13.32
13.47
16.43
16.91
16.70
16.55
16.63
16.41
16.07
15.75
16.02
17.38
17.31
17.22
17.48
17.21
16.68
17.12
16.77
16.82
16.01
15.74
16.00
16.50
16.56
16.31
16.05
16.04
15.90
10.39
10.94
11.70
11.46
11.28
11.07
11.44
11.43
11.50
MEN
1979………………
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986 1 ………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
1
1990 ………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994 1 ………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997 1 ………………
1998 1 ………………
1999 1 ………………
1
2000 ………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003 1 ………………
2004 ………………
2005 ………………
2006 ………………
2007 ………………
2008 1 ………………
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has been
affected at various times by methodological and conceptual
changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an
explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the
Household Data technical documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using
current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to
constant dollars. See Technical Note.
79
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
-
$4.08
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1
1986 ……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
4.88
5.18
5.47
5.66
5.90
6.10
6.28
6.56
6.81
7.08
4.44
4.90
5.06
5.15
5.36
5.50
5.80
5.99
6.15
6.43
-
4.44
4.81
5.01
5.09
5.27
5.47
5.65
5.82
5.95
6.07
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9.10
9.53
7.33
7.61
7.82
7.97
8.11
8.32
8.57
8.88
9.22
9.74
6.81
7.00
7.06
7.18
7.29
7.66
7.76
8.01
8.39
8.85
-
6.28
6.46
6.65
6.83
6.93
7.00
7.17
7.39
7.92
8.07
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
9.96
10.26
10.71
10.97
11.13
11.48
11.86
12.08
12.54
9.34
9.78
9.93
10.15
10.19
10.17
10.66
10.89
11.20
$10.07
10.75
10.36
11.12
11.10
12.01
12.53
12.22
13.01
8.54
9.06
9.22
9.76
9.81
9.95
10.12
10.24
10.97
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
1
1990 ……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1
1994 ……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1
1997 ……………………………………
1
1998 ……………………………………
1
1999 ……………………………………
1
2000 ……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
1
2003 ……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
1
2008 ……………………………………
See footnote at end of table.
80
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$3.62
$3.62
$3.55
-
$3.44
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1
1986 ……………………………………
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.96
4.28
4.61
4.81
4.98
5.14
5.35
5.62
5.86
6.13
3.88
4.19
4.49
4.72
4.87
5.04
5.17
5.40
5.61
5.88
-
3.78
4.10
4.33
4.42
4.65
4.82
5.00
5.11
5.28
5.53
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8.64
6.46
6.76
6.99
7.16
7.34
7.54
7.79
8.00
8.33
8.73
6.23
6.55
6.64
6.87
6.93
7.12
7.20
7.59
7.90
8.13
-
5.80
5.98
6.17
6.31
6.40
6.60
6.77
6.82
7.22
7.46
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
9.09
9.73
9.94
10.11
10.21
10.50
10.77
11.06
11.70
8.86
9.15
9.45
9.91
9.93
9.93
10.11
10.45
10.78
$9.77
10.07
10.10
10.68
10.57
11.64
11.95
11.83
12.25
7.89
8.28
8.54
8.88
9.04
9.18
9.50
9.80
10.07
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
1
1990 ……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1
1994 ……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1
1997 ……………………………………
1
1998 ……………………………………
1
1999 ……………………………………
1
2000 ……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
1
2003 ……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
1
2008 ……………………………………
See footnote at end of table.
81
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$5.65
$5.79
$4.89
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1
1986 ……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
6.23
6.71
6.98
7.07
7.26
7.58
7.78
7.93
8.06
8.28
8.27
8.59
8.67
8.86
9.00
9.23
9.52
9.83
10.06
10.31
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
1
1990 ……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1
1994 ……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1
1997 ……………………………………
1
1998 ……………………………………
1
1999 ……………………………………
1
2000 ……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
1
2003 ……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
1
2008 ……………………………………
$4.79
5.18
5.81
5.97
5.96
6.16
6.15
6.57
6.74
6.94
7.07
-
8.55
8.82
8.89
9.07
9.21
9.62
9.79
9.96
10.18
10.61
7.37
7.57
7.62
7.67
7.92
8.16
8.18
8.67
9.09
9.77
-
6.74
6.88
6.99
7.12
7.17
7.26
7.62
7.90
8.24
8.61
10.95
11.61
11.86
12.03
12.16
12.47
12.88
13.22
13.85
9.98
10.18
10.24
10.81
10.88
10.90
11.42
11.57
11.99
$10.79
11.84
11.02
11.89
11.90
12.75
13.18
13.22
14.03
9.04
9.67
9.92
10.03
10.02
10.19
10.84
11.07
11.83
See footnote at end of table.
82
5.03
5.37
5.73
5.81
6.04
6.07
6.19
6.37
6.51
6.66
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
64.1
62.5
72.6
-
71.8
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1
1986 ……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
63.6
63.8
66.0
68.0
68.6
67.8
68.8
70.9
72.7
74.0
74.9
72.1
75.2
79.2
79.1
82.0
78.7
80.1
80.8
83.2
-
75.1
76.4
75.6
76.1
77.0
79.4
80.8
80.2
81.1
83.0
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80.8
81.8
83.8
75.6
76.6
78.6
78.9
79.7
78.4
79.6
80.3
81.8
82.3
84.5
86.5
87.1
89.6
87.5
87.3
88.0
87.5
86.9
83.2
-
86.1
86.9
88.3
88.6
89.3
90.9
88.8
86.3
87.6
86.6
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
83.0
83.8
83.8
84.0
84.0
84.2
83.6
83.7
84.5
88.8
89.9
92.3
91.7
91.3
91.1
88.5
90.3
89.9
90.5
85.1
91.7
89.8
88.8
91.3
90.7
89.5
87.3
87.3
85.6
86.1
88.5
90.2
90.1
87.6
88.5
85.1
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN'S EARNINGS
AS PERCENT OF MEN'S
1
1990 ……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1
1994 ……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1
1997 ……………………………………
1
1998 ……………………………………
1
1999 ……………………………………
1
2000 ……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
1
2003 ……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
1
2008 ……………………………………
1
The comparability of historical labor force data
has been affected at various times by
methodological and conceptual changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS).
For an
explanation, see the Historical Comparability section
of the Household Data technical documentation
provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf .
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above
race groups (white, black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected this race group
only; persons who selected more than one race
group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who
reported more than one race were included in the
group they identified as the main race. Persons
whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race. Data for 2000-2002 are for the
category Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003,
Asians constitute a separate category. Data for
Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash
indicates data not available.
83
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2008) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
1979……………………………………
$12.27
$12.46
$11.35
-
$11.27
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1
1986 ……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
11.99
11.70
11.56
11.48
11.50
11.51
11.61
11.72
11.77
11.71
12.14
11.77
11.71
11.62
11.64
11.64
11.76
11.88
11.91
11.86
11.04
11.14
10.84
10.57
10.57
10.50
10.86
10.85
10.75
10.77
-
11.04
10.93
10.73
10.45
10.39
10.44
10.58
10.54
10.40
10.17
11.55
11.56
11.61
11.54
11.51
11.46
11.48
11.70
12.01
12.31
11.71
11.73
11.76
11.69
11.65
11.67
11.71
11.87
12.16
12.58
10.88
10.79
10.62
10.53
10.47
10.74
10.60
10.71
11.07
11.43
-
10.03
9.95
10.00
10.01
9.96
9.82
9.80
9.88
10.45
10.43
12.39
12.38
12.52
12.70
12.53
12.34
12.55
12.41
12.23
12.45
12.47
12.81
12.85
12.68
12.66
12.66
12.54
12.54
11.68
11.88
11.88
11.89
11.61
11.21
11.38
11.31
11.20
$12.59
13.06
12.39
13.02
12.64
13.24
13.37
12.69
13.01
10.68
11.01
11.03
11.43
11.17
10.97
10.80
10.63
10.97
1
1990 ……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1
1994 ……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1
1997 ……………………………………
1
1998 ……………………………………
1
1999 ……………………………………
1
2000 ……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
1
2003 ……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
1
2008 ……………………………………
See footnote at end of table.
84
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2008) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
1979……………………………………
$10.00
$10.00
$9.81
-
$9.50
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1
1986 ……………………………………
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
9.83
9.73
9.87
9.86
9.80
9.79
9.98
10.14
10.21
10.23
9.85
9.73
9.87
9.88
9.82
9.81
10.02
10.18
10.24
10.27
9.65
9.52
9.61
9.69
9.61
9.62
9.68
9.78
9.81
9.85
-
9.40
9.32
9.27
9.08
9.17
9.20
9.36
9.26
9.23
9.26
10.29
10.40
10.47
10.44
10.42
10.46
10.56
10.61
10.86
11.16
10.32
10.42
10.51
10.50
10.55
10.58
10.64
10.70
10.99
11.28
9.95
10.09
9.98
10.07
9.96
9.99
9.84
10.15
10.42
10.50
-
9.27
9.21
9.28
9.25
9.20
9.26
9.25
9.12
9.53
9.64
11.33
11.71
11.83
11.80
11.58
11.37
11.37
11.40
11.49
11.36
11.82
11.89
11.84
11.63
11.58
11.49
11.48
11.70
11.08
11.12
11.30
11.60
11.31
10.95
10.79
10.85
10.78
$12.21
12.24
12.08
12.51
12.04
12.83
12.75
12.28
12.25
9.86
10.06
10.22
10.40
10.30
10.12
10.14
10.18
10.07
1
1990 ……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1
1994 ……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1
1997 ……………………………………
1
1998 ……………………………………
1
1999 ……………………………………
1
2000 ……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
1
2003 ……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
1
2008 ……………………………………
See footnote at end of table.
85
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2008) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
$13.23
12.89
13.20
12.78
12.24
12.15
11.74
12.30
12.21
12.13
11.84
-
13.66
13.59
13.37
13.30
13.23
13.49
13.37
13.32
13.43
13.71
11.77
11.66
11.46
11.25
11.38
11.44
11.17
11.59
11.99
12.62
-
10.77
10.60
10.51
10.44
10.30
10.18
10.41
10.56
10.87
11.12
13.69
14.11
14.19
14.09
13.85
13.75
13.75
13.73
13.85
12.48
12.37
12.25
12.66
12.39
12.02
12.19
12.01
11.99
$13.49
14.39
13.18
13.92
13.55
14.06
14.07
13.73
14.03
11.30
11.75
11.87
11.74
11.41
11.23
11.57
11.50
11.83
1979……………………………………
$15.61
$15.99
$13.51
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1
1986 ……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
15.17
14.93
14.67
14.21
14.04
13.99
14.21
14.08
13.83
13.57
15.50
15.25
14.95
14.52
14.32
14.47
14.57
14.37
14.09
13.87
13.21
13.24
13.04
12.99
12.93
12.95
13.01
13.14
13.27
13.32
13.51
13.75
13.92
13.92
13.69
13.41
13.53
13.45
13.46
1
1990 ……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1
1994 ……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1
1997 ……………………………………
1
1998 ……………………………………
1
1999 ……………………………………
1
2000 ……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
1
2003 ……………………………………
2004 ……………………………………
2005 ……………………………………
2006 ……………………………………
2007 ……………………………………
1
2008 ……………………………………
1
The comparability of historical labor force data
has been affected at various times by
methodological and conceptual changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS).
For an
explanation, see the Historical Comparability section
of the Household Data technical documentation
provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf .
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the above
race groups (white, black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected this race group
only; persons who selected more than one race
12.51
12.20
12.27
11.93
11.91
11.58
11.59
11.54
11.38
11.16
group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who
reported more than one race were included in the
group they identified as the main race. Persons
whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race. Data for 2000-2002 are for the
category Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003,
Asians constitute a separate category. Data for
Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash
indicates data not available. The Consumer Price
Index research series using current methods (CPI-URS) is used to convert current dollars to constant
dollars. See Technical Note.
86
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the
prevailing Federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2008 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total
wage
and
salary
workers
Total
Percent
of total
wage
and
salary
workers
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing Federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
BOTH SEXES
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.4
1980…………………………… 87,644
1981…………………………… 88,516
1982…………………………… 87,368
1983…………………………… 88,290
1984…………………………… 92,194
1985…………………………… 94,521
1
96,903
1986 …………………………
1987…………………………… 99,303
1988…………………………… 101,407
1989…………………………… 103,480
51,335
51,869
50,846
51,820
54,143
55,762
57,529
59,552
60,878
62,389
58.6
58.6
58.2
58.7
58.7
59.0
59.4
60.0
60.0
60.3
3,087
3,513
2,348
2,077
1,838
1,639
1,599
1,468
1,319
1,372
4,686
4,311
4,148
4,261
4,125
3,899
3,461
3,229
2,608
1,790
7,773
7,824
6,496
6,338
5,963
5,538
5,060
4,698
3,927
3,162
15.1
15.1
12.8
12.2
11.0
9.9
8.8
7.9
6.5
5.1
104,876
103,723
104,668
106,101
107,989
110,038
111,960
114,533
116,730
118,963
63,172
62,627
63,610
64,274
66,549
68,354
69,255
70,735
71,440
72,306
60.2
60.4
60.8
60.6
61.6
62.1
61.9
61.8
61.2
60.8
2,377
1,939
1,707
1,995
1,699
2
1,863
2
2,990
2,834
2,194
1,096
2,906
2,982
2,625
2,132
1,956
2
1,861
2
1,764
1,593
1,146
3,228
5,283
4,921
4,332
4,128
3,656
2
3,724
2
4,754
4,427
3,340
5.1
8.4
7.7
6.7
6.2
5.3
2
5.4
2
6.7
6.2
4.6
122,089
122,229
121,826
122,358
123,554
125,889
128,237
129,767
129,377
73,496
73,392
72,508
72,946
73,939
75,609
76,514
75,873
75,305
60.2
60.0
59.5
59.6
59.8
60.1
59.7
58.5
58.2
1,752
1,518
1,579
1,555
1,483
1,403
1,283
2
1,462
2
1,940
898
656
567
545
520
479
409
2
267
2
286
2,650
2,174
2,146
2,100
2,003
1,882
1,692
2
1,729
2
2,226
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.2
2
2.3
2
3.0
1979……………………………
1
1990 …………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1
1994 …………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1
1997 …………………………
1
1998 …………………………
1
1999 …………………………
1
2000 …………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
1
2003 …………………………
2004 …………………………
2005 …………………………
2006 …………………………
2007 …………………………
1
2008 …………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
87
2
2,132
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the
prevailing Federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total
wage
and
salary
workers
Total
Percent
of total
wage
and
salary
workers
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing Federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
WOMEN
1979……………………………
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.2
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
1
1986 …………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
38,944
39,672
39,777
40,433
42,172
43,506
44,961
46,365
47,495
48,691
23,626
24,294
24,365
24,989
26,003
26,869
27,863
29,078
29,820
30,702
60.7
61.2
61.3
61.8
61.7
61.8
62.0
62.7
62.8
63.1
2,104
2,394
1,651
1,492
1,348
1,198
1,192
1,105
1,008
994
2,990
2,778
2,561
2,603
2,499
2,356
2,125
1,946
1,542
1,056
5,095
5,172
4,212
4,095
3,847
3,554
3,317
3,051
2,550
2,050
21.6
21.3
17.3
16.4
14.8
13.2
11.9
10.5
8.6
6.7
19901 …………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1
1994 …………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1
1997 …………………………
1
1998 …………………………
1
1999 …………………………
49,323
49,105
49,842
50,626
51,419
52,369
53,488
54,708
55,757
57,050
31,069
30,988
31,454
31,937
33,021
33,934
34,418
35,214
35,680
36,233
63.0
63.1
63.1
63.1
64.2
64.8
64.3
64.4
64.0
63.5
1,582
1,286
1,133
1,322
1,157
2
1,244
2
1,843
1,794
1,426
711
1,792
1,751
1,534
1,241
1,161
2
1,106
2
1,092
965
700
58,427
58,582
58,555
59,122
59,408
60,423
61,426
62,299
62,532
36,777
36,848
36,508
37,093
37,133
37,957
38,321
38,082
37,972
62.9
62.9
62.3
62.7
62.5
62.8
62.4
61.1
60.7
1,170
1,021
997
1,062
1,013
944
861
2
1,002
2
1,302
579
409
350
332
310
290
263
2
181
2
196
1
2000 …………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
1
2003 …………………………
2004 …………………………
2005 …………………………
2006 …………………………
2007 …………………………
1
2008 …………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
88
2
1,420
2
2
2
2
2,131
2
3,374
3,036
2,667
2,563
2,318
2
2,350
2
2,935
2,760
2,126
1,749
1,430
1,347
1,394
1,323
1,234
1,124
2
1,183
2
1,498
2
2
6.9
10.9
9.7
8.4
7.8
6.8
2
6.8
2
8.3
7.7
5.9
4.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
2.9
2
3.1
2
3.9
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the
prevailing Federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2008 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total
wage
and
salary
workers
Total
Percent
of total
wage
and
salary
workers
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing Federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
MEN
1979……………………………
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.7
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
1
1986 …………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
48,700
48,844
47,591
47,856
50,022
51,015
51,942
52,938
53,912
54,789
27,709
27,576
26,481
26,831
28,140
28,893
29,666
30,474
31,058
31,687
56.9
56.5
55.6
56.1
56.3
56.6
57.1
57.6
57.6
57.8
983
1,119
697
585
490
440
408
364
311
379
1,696
1,533
1,587
1,658
1,626
1,544
1,336
1,283
1,066
733
2,678
2,652
2,284
2,243
2,116
1,984
1,743
1,647
1,377
1,112
9.7
9.6
8.6
8.4
7.5
6.9
5.9
5.4
4.4
3.5
55,553
54,618
54,826
55,475
56,570
57,669
58,473
59,825
60,973
61,914
32,104
31,639
32,155
32,337
33,528
34,420
34,838
35,521
35,761
36,073
57.8
57.9
58.6
58.3
59.3
59.7
59.6
59.4
58.7
58.3
712
795
653
573
674
542
2
619
2
1,147
1,039
768
63,662
63,647
63,272
63,236
64,145
65,466
66,811
67,468
66,846
36,720
36,544
36,000
35,853
36,806
37,652
38,193
37,790
37,334
57.7
57.4
56.9
56.7
57.4
57.5
57.2
56.0
55.9
582
497
582
493
470
459
422
2
460
2
638
1
1990 …………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1
1994 …………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1
1997 …………………………
1
1998 …………………………
1
1999 …………………………
1
2000 …………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
1
2003 …………………………
2004 …………………………
2005 …………………………
2006 …………………………
2007 …………………………
1
2008 …………………………
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has
been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey
(CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
Comparability section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf .
2
2
2
2
2
385
1,114
1,231
1,091
891
796
2
755
2
673
628
446
319
247
217
213
210
189
146
2
86
2
90
2
1,097
1,909
1,885
1,664
1,565
1,338
2
1,374
2
1,820
1,667
1,214
2
901
744
799
706
680
648
568
2
546
2
728
2
3.4
2
6.0
5.9
5.1
4.7
3.9
2
3.9
2
5.1
4.7
3.4
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.5
2
1.4
2
1.9
reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in
those years.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage was
$2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981-89.
The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to
$4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in October 1996, to $5.15
in September 1997, to $5.85 in July 2007, and to $6.55
in July 2008. See Technical Note for more information
about minimum wage workers.
Data for 1990-91, 1996-97, and 2007-08
89
Technical Note
T
he estimates in this report were obtained from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), which provides a wide range
of information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using
a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in
all 50 States and the District of Columbia. The earnings data are
collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used
without permission. This information is available to sensoryimpaired individuals upon request. Voice telephone: (202) 691–
5200; Federal Relay Service: 1–800–877–8339.
Over-the-year changes in the medians (and other quantile
boundaries) for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent
with the movements estimated for the overall quantile boundary.
The most common reasons for this possible anomaly are as
follows:
• There could be a change in the relative weights of the
subgroups. For example, the medians of both 16- to 24-year-olds
and those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total,
the overall median could actually fall.
• There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a quantile boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations
that are clustered at rounded values—for example, $300, $400,
or $500. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval
containing such a cluster, or “spike,” tends to change more
slowly than one in other intervals. For example, medians measure the central tendency of a multipeaked distribution that shifts
over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not
necessarily move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes
relatively more time to move through a frequently reported
interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it
can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported earnings interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians (and other
quantile boundaries) mitigate such irregular movements of the
measures; however, users should be cautious of these effects
when evaluating short-term changes in the medians and in ratios
of the medians.
Concepts and definitions
The principal concepts and definitions used in connection with the
earnings data in this report are described next.
Usual weekly earnings. Data are collected on wages and salaries
before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime
pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the principal or
main job in the case of multiple jobholders). All self-employed
workers are excluded, both those with incorporated businesses
as well as those with unincorporated businesses. Prior to 1994,
respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week.
Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the
easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly,
twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they
usually earn in the period reported. Earnings reported on a basis
other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term
“usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks
for a definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define
the term as “more than half the weeks worked during the past 4
or 5 months.”
Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index research series using
current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars
to constant dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements to
the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although these
improvements make the CPI more accurate, the official histories
of price index series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements.
Because many researchers need a historical series that measures
price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPIU-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most
of the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the
entire series. For further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart and
Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods,
1978–98” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999 (http://www.
bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/art4full.pdf); and “Questions and
Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current
Methods,” on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpirsdc.
htm.
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS
available at the time of production. Users should note, however,
that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the
rate of inflation incorporated into the constant-dollar earnings
estimates in this report may differ from that in previous reports in
this series or in other publications.
Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. Most of the
earnings estimates shown in this report are medians. The median
(or upper limit of the second quartile) is the amount that divides
a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having
earnings above the median and the other having earnings below
the median. Ten percent of workers in a given distribution have
earnings below the upper limit of the first decile (90 percent
have higher earnings), 25 percent have earnings below the upper
limit of the first quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75
percent have earnings below the upper limit of the third quartile
(25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent have earnings
below the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher
earnings).
The BLS estimating procedure for determining the median of
an earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly
earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around
a multiple of $50. The median is estimated through the linear
interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.
90
April 1, 1991; $4.75, effective October 1, 1996; $5.15, effective
September 1, 1997; $5.85, effective July 24, 2007; and $6.55
effective July 24, 2008. Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007-08
reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place during those
years. Note that some States have established minimum-wage
standards that exceed the Federal level.
The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the
minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair
Labor Standards Act because there are a number of exemptions
to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some
workers might have rounded their hourly earnings in response to
survey questions. As a result, some might have been reported with
hourly earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, they
earned the minimum wage or higher.
Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages,
salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The
group includes employees in both the private and public sectors
but, for purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed
persons, both those with incorporated businesses as well as those
with unincorporated businesses.
Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of
earnings, workers who usually work 35 hours or more per week at
their sole or principal job are defined as working full time.
Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of
earnings, workers who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week
at their sole or principal job are defined as working part time.
Reliability
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error. Whenever a sample, rather than an entire
population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The
exact difference, or sampling error, varies with the particular
sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard
error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level
of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses generally are conducted
at the 90-percent level of confidence. Estimates of earnings
and their standard errors can be used to construct approximate
confidence intervals, or ranges of values, that include the true
population value with known probabilities.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. This
kind of error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information
on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of
respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in
data collection or processing.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the “Reliability of
the estimates” section of Household Data technical documentation
on the Internet at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
Workers paid by the hour. Historically, workers paid an hourly
wage have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and
salary workers. Workers paid by the hour are included in the fulland part-time worker tables in this report, along with salaried
workers and other workers not paid by the hour. Data for workers
paid at hourly rates are presented separately in tables 9 to 11 and
18 to 22.
Workers paid at or below the Federal minimum wage. The
estimates of the numbers of workers with reported earnings at
or below the Federal minimum wage in tables 11 and 22 pertain
only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and
other workers who are not paid by the hour are not included, even
though some have earnings that, when converted to hourly rates,
are at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates
presented in this report likely understate the actual number of
workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage.
Research has shown, however, that the degree of understatement
is small. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of
workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns
associated with such an estimation process.
The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90, effective
January 1, 1979; $3.10, effective January 1, 1980; $3.35, effective
January 1, 1981; $3.80, effective April 1, 1990; $4.25, effective
91