Highlights of Women’s
Earnings in 2010
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
July 2011
Report 1031
I
Introduction
• Between 1979 and 2010, the earnings gap between women
and men narrowed for most age groups. The women’s-tomen’s earnings ratio among 25- to 34-year-olds, for example,
rose from 68 percent in 1979 to 91 percent in 2010, and the
ratio for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 57 percent to 77
percent. The long-term trends for teenagers and for workers
age 65 and older fluctuated from 1979 to 2010 but have
essentially remained flat. In 2010, the women’s-to-men’s
earnings ratio for teenagers was 95 percent and for women
and men age 65 and older it was 76 percent. (See table 12.)
n 2010, women who were full-time wage and salary workers
had median weekly earnings of $669. Women earned
81 percent of the median weekly earnings of their male
counterparts ($824). In 1979, the first year for which comparable
earnings data are available, women earned 62 percent of what
men earned. The women's-to-men's earnings ratio has been in the
80 to 81 percent range since 2004; prior to this time, the ratio had
been gradually trending upward. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)
This report presents earnings data from the Current Population
Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000
households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Information on earnings is collected
from one-fourth of the CPS sample each month. Readers should
note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad
level and do not control for many factors that can be significant
in explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description of
the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and
definitions used, see the accompanying technical note.
• Asian women and men earned more than their White,
Black, and Hispanic counterparts in 2010. Among women,
Whites earned 88 percent as much as Asians, while Blacks
and Hispanics earned 77 percent and 66 percent as much,
respectively. In comparison, White men earned 91 percent
as much as Asian men; Black men earned 68 percent as
much; and Hispanic men, 60 percent. (See chart 2 and
tables 1 and 14.)
• Earnings differences between women and men were
widest for Whites and for Asians. White women earned 81
percent as much as their male counterparts in 2010, while
Asian women earned 83 percent as much as their male
counterparts. By comparison, Hispanic women had earnings
that were 91 percent of those of their male counterparts,
while Black women earned 94 percent as much as Black
men. (See tables 1 and 14.)
Highlights
Full-time workers
• Median weekly earnings were highest for women age 35
to 64, with little difference between the earnings of 35- to
44-year-olds ($731), 45- to 54-year-olds ($730), and 55to 64-year-olds ($736). Among men, those age 45 to 64
had the highest earnings, with 45- to 54-year-olds ($954)
making nearly the same as 55- to 64-year-olds ($979).
Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest earnings
($422 and $443, respectively). (See table 1.)
• Across the major race and Hispanic ethnicity categories,
women’s inflation-adjusted earnings grew significantly from
1979 to 2010. Growth in real earnings for White women
outpaced that of their Black and Hispanic counterparts.
Between 1979 and 2010, inflation-adjusted earnings for
White women rose by 33 percent, while earnings grew by
25 percent for Black women and by 15 percent for Hispanic
women. In contrast, real earnings for White men edged up
by just 2 percent over this period, while earnings for Black
men showed no growth, and Hispanic men’s earnings fell
by 9 percent. (See table 15.) (Asians were not included
• In the four age groupings of those 35 years and older,
women had earnings that ranged from 75 to 80 percent of
those of their male counterparts. Among younger workers,
the earnings differences between women and men were not
as great. Women earned 91 percent of what men earned
among workers 25 to 34 years old and 95 percent as much
as men among 16- to 24-year-olds. (See table 1.)
1
in this analysis because comparable data are available only
back to 2003. See note in table 15.)
percent of female professionals worked in the education
and health care fields in 2010, compared with 31 percent of
male professionals. (See table 2.)
• Median weekly earnings vary significantly by educational
level. Among both women and men age 25 and older, the
weekly earnings of those without a high school diploma
($388 for women and $486 for men) were slightly under 40
percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($986
for women and $1,330 for men) in 2010. Women and men
with a high school diploma who had not attended college
earned a little more than half of what women and men with a
bachelor’s degree or higher did and those with some college
or an associate’s degree earned just under 65 percent. (See
tables 1 and 6.)
• The ratio of female-to-male earnings varied by state of
residence in 2010. The differences in the earnings ratios
among the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations
and industries found in each state and in the age composition
of each state’s labor force. The sampling error for the state
estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national
estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be
made with caution. (See table 3.)
• Median weekly earnings for married women and men were
higher than the earnings of those with other marital statuses
(never married, divorced, separated, and widowed). As a
group, married workers tend to be older than workers with
other marital statuses and so are more likely to be in their
prime earning years. Workers with other marital statuses
were more likely to be under age 25, the age group with the
lowest median earnings. (See table 8.)
• At each level of education, women have fared better than
men with respect to earnings growth. Although both women
and men without a high school diploma have experienced
declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since 1979, the
drop for women was significantly less than that for men: a
9-percent drop for women as opposed to a 31-percent drop
for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis, earnings for women
with a college degree have increased by 33 percent since
1979, while those of male college graduates have risen by
20 percent. (Data pertain to workers age 25 and older.) (See
chart 3 and table 17.)
• Among full-time workers (that is, those working 35 hours
or more per week in their sole or principal job), men were
more likely than women to have a longer workweek. In
2010, 25 percent of men in full-time jobs worked 41 or more
hours per week, while 14 percent of females in full-time
jobs worked the same number of hours. Women were more
likely than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 13 percent
as opposed to 5 percent. A large majority of both male and
female full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek; among
these workers, women earned 87 percent as much as men
earned. (See table 5.)
• Women working full time in management, business, and
financial operations jobs had median weekly earnings of
$971 in 2010, more than women earned in any other major
occupational category. Within management, business, and
finance occupations, women who were chief executives and
computer and information systems managers had the highest
median weekly earnings ($1,598 and $1,415, respectively).
The next highest paying job group was professional and
related occupations, in which women earned $900 per
week. Within professional and related occupations, women
working as physicians or pharmacists had the highest
earnings ($1,618 and $1,605, respectively). (See table 2.)
Part-time workers
• Women are more likely than men to work part time—that
is, fewer than 35 hours per week in the sole or principal
job. Women who worked part time made up 26 percent of
all female wage and salary workers in 2010. In contrast, 13
percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time.
(See table 5.)
• The occupational distributions of female and male fulltime workers differ significantly. Compared with men,
relatively few women work in construction, production,
or transportation occupations, and women are far more
concentrated in administrative support jobs. (See chart 4
and table 2.)
• Median weekly earnings of female part-time workers were
$232 in 2010, slightly higher than the $223 median for their
male counterparts. As compared with women, male parttimers were more concentrated in the youngest age groups,
which typically have low earnings. Forty-two percent of
male part-time workers were 16 to 24 years old, compared
with 28 percent of female part-time workers. (See table 4.)
• Women are more likely than men to work in professional and
related occupations, but they are not as well represented in
the higher paying job groups within this broad category. In
2010, only 8 percent of female professionals were employed
in the relatively high-paying computer and engineering
fields, compared with 43 percent of male professionals.
Professional women were more likely to work in education
and health care occupations, in which the pay is generally
lower than for computer and engineering jobs. Sixty-nine
Workers paid by the hour
• Sixty-two percent of women and 56 percent of men
employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour
in 2010. Women who were paid hourly rates had median
2
• Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 16
to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below the
minimum wage. In 2010, 25 percent of teenage workers
paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal minimum
wage or less, compared with just 4 percent of hourly paid
workers age 25 and older. Among 20- to 24-year-olds, 11
percent had earnings at or below the minimum wage. (See
table 11.)
hourly earnings of $11.83, 86 percent of the median for men
paid by the hour ($13.76). (See tables 9, 10, and 18–21.)
• Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2010, 7 percent of women and 5 percent of men had hourly earnings
at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage of $7.25.
(See tables 11 and 22.)
3
Charts and Statistical Tables
Page
Charts
1. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2010 annual averages................................... 6
2. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
2010 annual averages........................................................................................................................................................................ 6
3. Percent change of constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex, 1979–2010........................ 7
4. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group,
2010 annual averages........................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Statistical Tables
1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2010 annual averages......................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state and sex, 2010 annual averages............................... 36
4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2010 annual averages . ...................................................................................................................................................................... 38
5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,
2010 annual averages . ...................................................................................................................................................................... 40
6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages ................................................................................................................................. 42
7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected characteristics,
2010 annual averages . ...................................................................................................................................................................... 43
8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital status, and presence and
age of own children under 18 years old, 2010 annual averages........................................................................................................ 45
9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics,
2010 annual averages . ...................................................................................................................................................................... 46
10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected characteristics,
2010 annual averages . ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48
11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage,
by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages ........................................................................................................................... 50
12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age,
1979–2010 annual averages ............................................................................................................................................................. 52
13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and
age, 1979–2010 annual averages ..................................................................................................................................................... 56
4
Statistical Tables, continued
Page
14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages ............................................................................................................... 59
15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages ........................................................................................................ 63
16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars, by
sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual averages .......................................................................................................... 66
17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2010)
dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual averages ........................................................................................ 70
18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex and age,
1979–2010 annual averages . ............................................................................................................................................................ 73
19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and
age, 1979–2010 annual averages ...................................................................................................................................................... 77
20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages ............................................................................................................... 80
21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars by sex,
race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages ................................................................................................ 84
22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage,
by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages ................................................................................................................................................. 87
Technical Note………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......................... 90
5
Chart 1. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, full-time wage and salary workers,
1979–2010 annual averages
Percent
Percent
90
90
85
85
80
80
75
75
70
70
65
65
60
60
Women
55
Men
50
1985
1979
1995
1990
2000
55
50
2010
2005
NOTE: Data relate to median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Chart 2. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2010 annual averages
Earnings
(dollars)
Earnings
(dollars)
1,200
1,200
Women
Men
1,000
1,000
$936
$850
$824
800
$669
$773
$684
$592
600
800
$633
$508
$560
600
400
400
200
200
0
Total
White
Black or AfricanAmerican
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
6
Asian
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
0
Chart 3. Percent change of constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex,
1979–2010
Less than a high school diploma
–31.2
Women
–8.9
Men
–17.7
High school graduate, no college
4.8
–8.4
Some college or associate’s degree
8.0
19.9
Bachelor’s degree and higher
–40
33.4
–30
–20
–10
0
10
20
30
40
Percent change
NOTE: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Chart 4. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group,
2010 annual averages
Percent
of total
40
Women
Men
29.3
30
Percent
of total
40
30
22.8
19.0
20
16.0
15.5
19.0
17.2
16.0
20
13.2
9.2
9.1
10
10
6.9
5.8
0.9
0
Management,
Professional
business, and
and related
financial operations
Service
Sales and related
Occupation
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
7
Office and
Natural resources, Production,
administrative construction, and transportation,
support
maintenance
and material
moving
0
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected
characteristics, 2010 annual averages
Both sexes
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years.......................................................
16 to 19 years....................................................
20 to 24 years....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years....................................................
35 to 44 years....................................................
45 to 54 years....................................................
55 to 64 years....................................................
65 years and older.............................................
99,531
8,552
1,037
7,514
90,979
24,101
23,822
25,206
15,141
2,710
$747
432
347
454
782
682
824
844
860
684
$2
4
5
4
2
4
5
5
6
14
44,472
3,782
406
3,376
40,691
10,462
10,265
11,631
7,140
1,193
$669
422
336
439
704
648
731
730
736
601
$3
4
8
5
3
4
5
5
6
10
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
80,656
11,658
4,946
14,837
765
611
855
535
2
3
12
5
34,971
6,283
2,193
5,598
684
592
773
508
3
5
15
4
26,072
57,006
16,453
10,911
3,919
1,622
600
841
701
738
604
686
2
3
4
5
7
13
11,548
23,385
9,539
6,366
1,951
1,221
591
727
653
686
564
652
3
3
5
6
11
12
13,125
14,498
85,033
917
911
717
5
4
2
5,627
6,297
38,176
856
847
639
7
7
3
90,979
7,153
25,200
24,896
33,731
782
444
626
734
1,144
2
4
3
3
3
40,691
2,321
10,449
12,018
15,903
704
388
543
638
986
3
4
4
4
5
Characteristic
AGE
MARITAL STATUS
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION1
Members of unions 2 .............................................
Represented by unions 3........................................
Not represented by a union...................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school, no college ...................................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher ..........................
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years.......................................................
16 to 19 years....................................................
20 to 24 years....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years....................................................
35 to 44 years....................................................
45 to 54 years....................................................
55 to 64 years....................................................
65 years and older.............................................
55,059
4,770
632
4,139
50,289
13,639
13,558
13,575
8,001
1,516
$824
443
355
468
874
714
915
954
979
794
$3
6
7
6
3
5
6
6
8
22
81.2
95.3
94.6
93.8
80.5
90.8
79.9
76.5
75.2
75.7
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
45,685
5,376
2,753
9,239
850
633
936
560
4
7
17
6
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.7
14,525
33,621
6,914
4,545
1,968
401
608
939
774
818
646
819
3
4
8
9
13
41
97.2
77.4
84.4
83.9
87.3
79.6
7,498
8,202
46,857
967
964
789
7
7
4
88.5
87.9
81.0
50,289
4,832
14,751
12,878
17,828
874
486
710
845
1,330
3
4
4
5
10
80.5
79.8
76.5
75.5
74.1
Characteristic
AGE
MARITAL STATUS
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION1
Members of unions 2 .............................................
Represented by unions 3........................................
Not represented by a union...................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school, no college ...................................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher ..........................
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.
2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not
sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
9
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, 16 years and older……………………………………
99,531
$747
$2
44,472
$669
$3
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations managers……………………………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Engineering managers…………………………………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral directors……….………………………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers…………………
Social and community service managers……………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers, except agriculture,
construction, health and safety, and
transportation…………………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists……………………………………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
Management analysts…………………………………
Meeting and convention planners……………………
Other business operations specialists………………
39,145
1,063
5
20,136
923
4
15,648
10,743
1,034
884
9
71
854
76
96
505
1,046
245
241
195
1,155
1,230
1,949
1,237
(¹)
1,021
1,335
1,163
1,241
1,600
1,227
1,308
1,301
1,272
5
11
58
23
(¹)
116
40
39
81
76
34
70
100
72
7,096
4,368
265
258
2
47
368
43
29
152
552
174
40
85
971
1,018
1,598
972
(¹)
(¹)
1,010
(¹)
(¹)
1,415
1,022
1,170
(¹)
1,050
8
12
100
49
(¹)
(¹)
34
(¹)
(¹)
125
26
60
(¹)
59
248
96
477
724
106
598
27
19
101
494
21
27
919
789
1,170
1,202
1,885
709
(¹)
(¹)
790
1,251
(¹)
(¹)
31
48
21
49
32
28
(¹)
(¹)
62
38
(¹)
(¹)
40
8
29
446
8
290
6
6
47
356
12
19
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,137
(¹)
626
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,163
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
20
(¹)
30
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
40
(¹)
(¹)
336
289
1,922
4,905
869
968
1,242
1,036
51
37
22
12
180
202
703
2,728
726
915
1,045
914
30
41
26
11
21
11
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
12
5
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
130
798
55
63
756
25
210
990
29
110
907
31
253
904
35
144
810
41
183
102
1,162
1,064
47
54
84
10
1,013
(¹)
128
(¹)
743
57
398
49
210
941
907
1,335
(¹)
973
19
41
39
(¹)
43
531
26
186
39
125
874
(¹)
1,164
(¹)
846
27
(¹)
27
(¹)
48
See footnotes at end of table.
10
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Total, 16 years and older..................................................
55,059
$824
$3
81.2
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations managers……………………………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Engineering managers…………………………………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral directors……….………………………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers……….. ………
Social and community service managers……………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers, except agriculture,
construction, health and safety, and
transportation…………………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists……………………………………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
Management analysts…………………………………
Meeting and convention planners……………………
Other business operations specialists………………
19,009
1,256
7
73.5
8,552
6,376
769
626
7
24
485
33
68
353
494
71
201
110
1,363
1,414
2,217
1,354
(¹)
(¹)
1,534
(¹)
1,350
1,729
1,546
1,458
1,331
1,394
11
14
148
39
(¹)
(¹)
23
(¹)
154
43
28
92
35
39
71.2
72.0
72.1
71.8
(²)
(²)
65.8
(²)
(²)
81.8
66.1
80.2
(²)
75.3
208
88
448
278
98
308
21
13
54
138
9
7
920
780
1,189
1,396
1,888
796
(¹)
(¹)
952
1,510
(¹)
(¹)
36
52
50
76
33
38
(¹)
(¹)
142
140
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
81.4
(²)
78.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
77.0
(²)
(²)
156
87
1,219
2,177
1,111
1,163
1,395
1,227
83
220
32
25
65.3
78.7
74.9
74.5
9
6
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
67
895
85
84.5
101
1,127
66
80.5
108
1,055
28
76.8
99
93
1,295
1,083
184
41
78.2
(²)
212
31
212
10
85
1,101
(¹)
1,554
(¹)
1,126
100
(¹)
45
(¹)
173
79.4
(²)
74.9
(²)
75.1
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Accountants and auditors……………………………
1,372
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
53
Budget analysts………………………………………
47
Credit analysts…………………………………………
24
Financial analysts………………………………………
88
Personal financial advisors……………………………
293
Insurance underwriters………………………………
120
Financial examiners……………………………………
9
Loan counselors and officers…………………………
334
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents……
72
Tax preparers…………………………………………
54
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
71
Professional and related occupations…………………… 23,497
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
3,202
Computer scientists and systems analysts…………
681
Computer programmers………………………………
429
Computer software engineers…………………………
973
Computer support specialists…………………………
350
Database administrators………………………………
90
Network and computer systems administrators……
215
Network systems and data communications
analysts………………………………………………
298
Actuaries………………………………………………
21
Mathematicians…………………………………………
5
Operations research analysts…………………………
105
Statisticians……………………………………………
31
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
2
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,366
Architects, except naval………………………………
122
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
29
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
121
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
1
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
11
Chemical engineers……………………………………
68
Civil engineers…………………………………………
276
Computer hardware engineers………………………
63
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
298
Environmental engineers………………………………
32
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……
157
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
13
Materials engineers……………………………………
38
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
282
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
13
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
10
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
20
Engineers, all other……………………………………
294
Drafters…………………………………………………
118
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
348
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
53
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
1,127
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
22
See footnotes at end of table.
12
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$1,065
870
(¹)
(¹)
1,421
1,381
1,102
(¹)
948
829
1,061
830
1,008
1,289
1,220
1,218
1,549
949
1,249
1,207
$23
62
(¹)
(¹)
109
55
118
(¹)
32
59
284
88
5
22
61
57
21
32
286
39
811
21
29
12
39
96
72
7
176
48
37
47
13,040
807
207
96
200
95
29
37
$953
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
962
970
(¹)
823
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
900
1,135
1,013
1,177
1,445
835
(¹)
(¹)
$23
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
79
81
(¹)
60
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
5
20
39
55
45
67
(¹)
(¹)
1,171
(¹)
(¹)
1,339
(¹)
46
(¹)
(¹)
109
(¹)
69
7
3
47
15
1,010
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
114
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,255
1,209
(¹)
17
113
1
293
36
(¹)
1,040
(¹)
(¹)
51
(¹)
(¹)
1,593
(¹)
(¹)
1,505
1,332
1,519
1,459
(¹)
1,239
(¹)
(¹)
1,337
(¹)
60
(¹)
(¹)
43
38
74
33
(¹)
62
(¹)
(¹)
34
5
10
2
11
26
6
21
7
30
1
4
17
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,318
860
918
821
1,062
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
48
28
27
104
29
(¹)
1
1
41
25
43
6
506
6
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
977
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
20
(¹)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Accountants and auditors……………………………
561
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
33
Budget analysts………………………………………
18
Credit analysts…………………………………………
12
Financial analysts………………………………………
49
Personal financial advisors……………………………
197
Insurance underwriters………………………………
48
Financial examiners……………………………………
3
Loan counselors and officers…………………………
158
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents……
24
Tax preparers…………………………………………
17
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
24
Professional and related occupations…………………… 10,457
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
2,395
Computer scientists and systems analysts…………
474
Computer programmers………………………………
333
Computer software engineers…………………………
773
Computer support specialists…………………………
256
Database administrators………………………………
61
Network and computer systems administrators……
178
Network systems and data communications
analysts………………………………………………
229
Actuaries………………………………………………
15
Mathematicians…………………………………………
2
Operations research analysts…………………………
58
Statisticians……………………………………………
16
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
1
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,073
Architects, except naval………………………………
85
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
25
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
111
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
1
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
10
Chemical engineers……………………………………
57
Civil engineers…………………………………………
250
Computer hardware engineers………………………
57
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
277
Environmental engineers………………………………
25
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……
127
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
12
Materials engineers……………………………………
34
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
265
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
13
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
9
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
19
Engineers, all other……………………………………
254
Drafters…………………………………………………
93
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
305
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
47
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
622
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
16
See footnotes at end of table.
13
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
$1,273
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,647
(¹)
(¹)
1,154
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,179
1,349
1,295
1,243
1,590
979
1,411
1,224
$54
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
137
(¹)
(¹)
31
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
10
14
53
72
54
39
147
65
74.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
58.4
(²)
(²)
71.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
76.3
84.1
78.2
94.7
90.9
85.3
(²)
(²)
1,242
(¹)
(¹)
1,444
(¹)
51
(¹)
(¹)
65
(¹)
81.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(¹)
1,293
1,329
(¹)
21
79
(²)
80.4
(²)
(¹)
1,662
(¹)
(¹)
1,516
1,363
1,525
1,500
(¹)
1,300
(¹)
(¹)
1,337
(¹)
227
(¹)
(¹)
49
41
60
95
(¹)
142
(¹)
(¹)
33
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,335
876
941
(¹)
1,158
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
66
33
27
(¹)
26
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
84.4
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Market and survey researchers………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Other life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists……………………………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
96
21
125
9
4
99
94
122
27
118
92
4
18
$928
(¹)
999
(¹)
(¹)
1,423
1,209
1,077
(¹)
1,162
1,122
(¹)
(¹)
$44
(¹)
60
(¹)
(¹)
118
112
73
(¹)
55
128
(¹)
(¹)
37
22
18
57
23
1
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
890
(¹)
(¹)
119
1,909
517
701
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
46
6
67
2
1
33
25
46
6
68
59
4
8
(¹)
(¹)
$952
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,009
1,041
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$21
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
64
60
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
58
(¹)
(¹)
19
8
10
20
6
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
786
802
808
799
64
16
35
20
67
1,208
363
557
721
774
818
788
42
12
33
19
249
356
37
50
1,248
668
66
307
207
6,535
901
540
2,408
1,116
327
350
42
157
15
597
81
740
905
(¹)
688
1,213
1,757
1,444
836
762
913
1,166
621
946
987
965
789
(¹)
863
(¹)
489
956
21
30
(¹)
94
31
44
78
43
30
7
16
17
8
15
33
38
(¹)
33
(¹)
11
38
174
52
32
30
667
234
22
261
151
4,708
383
524
1,947
612
274
196
23
125
10
550
64
727
757
(¹)
(¹)
974
1,461
(¹)
815
715
862
1,011
621
931
962
960
714
(¹)
841
(¹)
485
943
27
35
(¹)
(¹)
22
152
(¹)
27
38
7
31
17
9
16
34
62
(¹)
43
(¹)
12
46
1,431
66
462
8
89
109
920
1,064
890
(¹)
1,120
812
16
88
28
(¹)
93
89
610
19
222
4
37
26
834
(¹)
757
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
25
(¹)
35
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
See footnotes at end of table.
14
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Market and survey researchers………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Other life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists……………………………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
See footnotes at end of table.
15
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
50
14
58
7
4
66
69
76
21
50
33
10
$898
(¹)
1,227
(¹)
(¹)
1,424
1,269
1,238
(¹)
1,414
(¹)
(¹)
$36
(¹)
181
(¹)
(¹)
363
86
254
(¹)
143
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
77.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
71.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
18
14
8
37
17
1
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
53
702
154
144
857
864
780
865
48
27
60
55
84.1
89.6
104.9
91.1
75
304
5
20
581
435
45
46
55
1,826
518
16
461
504
54
154
19
32
5
47
17
826
920
(¹)
(¹)
1,674
1,895
(¹)
(¹)
935
1,065
1,308
(¹)
1,024
1,035
993
927
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
99
30
(¹)
(¹)
120
23
(¹)
(¹)
279
16
80
(¹)
27
33
78
44
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
88.0
82.3
(²)
(²)
58.2
77.1
(²)
(²)
76.5
80.9
77.3
(²)
90.9
92.9
96.7
77.0
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
822
47
240
4
52
83
977
(¹)
1,001
(¹)
1,121
929
23
(¹)
34
(¹)
162
142
85.4
(²)
75.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators…………………………….……
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Registered nurses……………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
Dental hygienists………………………………………
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner
support technicians……………………...……………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
6
31
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
5
8
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
8
32
67
125
115
45
77
51
(¹)
(¹)
$840
1,126
945
(¹)
987
679
(¹)
(¹)
$75
61
37
(¹)
56
176
2
6
26
73
57
22
43
35
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$1,034
855
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$55
32
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
64
45
848
(¹)
56
(¹)
6
15
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
28
(¹)
(¹)
3
(¹)
(¹)
2
5,678
7
41
81
17
185
605
88
3
2,177
17
65
113
15
7
111
91
96
46
(¹)
986
(¹)
(¹)
885
(¹)
1,880
1,975
1,312
(¹)
1,055
(¹)
1,059
1,304
(¹)
(¹)
1,000
1,207
878
(¹)
(¹)
8
(¹)
(¹)
32
(¹)
39
134
219
(¹)
16
(¹)
86
83
(¹)
(¹)
26
150
39
(¹)
4,241
3
20
75
7
88
189
59
1
1,970
13
57
70
10
5
70
88
72
23
933
(¹)
(¹)
876
(¹)
1,605
1,618
1,129
(¹)
1,039
(¹)
1,094
1,208
(¹)
(¹)
996
1,184
846
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
49
(¹)
136
146
107
(¹)
16
(¹)
133
81
(¹)
(¹)
25
129
59
(¹)
2
280
53
278
159
(¹)
880
897
980
732
(¹)
24
31
28
68
1
211
50
192
53
(¹)
836
898
956
597
(¹)
34
29
34
20
360
453
613
718
11
14
271
413
606
716
13
15
97
48
590
(¹)
39
(¹)
85
25
572
(¹)
28
(¹)
128
645
38
92
627
30
57
1,078
123
26
(¹)
(¹)
See footnotes at end of table.
16
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators………………………….………
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Registered nurses……………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
Dental hygienists………………………………………
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner
support technicians……………………….…………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
1
23
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
6
27
41
52
58
23
33
16
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$1,253
968
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$86
32
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
82.5
88.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
58
30
842
(¹)
53
(¹)
(²)
(²)
25
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
2
1,437
4
21
5
10
97
416
29
2
207
3
9
43
5
2
41
3
24
22
(¹)
1,233
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,930
2,278
(¹)
(¹)
1,201
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
33
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
70
109
(¹)
(¹)
76
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
75.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
83.2
71.0
(²)
(²)
86.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
1
69
2
87
106
(¹)
997
(¹)
1,038
825
(¹)
74
(¹)
136
38
(²)
83.9
(²)
92.1
72.4
89
39
639
(¹)
34
(¹)
94.8
(²)
12
23
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
36
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
30
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Service occupations………………………………………… 14,424
Healthcare support occupations…………………………
2,219
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
1,329
Occupational therapist assistants and aides………
8
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
61
Massage therapists……………………………………
31
Dental assistants………………………………………
181
Medical assistants and other healthcare support
occupations……………………………………………
609
Protective service occupations…………………………… 2,872
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional
officers…………………………………………………
44
First-line supervisors/managers of police and
detectives………………………………………………
103
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting
and prevention workers………………………………
43
Supervisors, protective service workers, all other…
95
Fire fighters……………………………………………
280
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
16
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
445
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
155
4
Fish and game wardens………………………………
11
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
704
Transit and railroad police……………………………
4
Animal control workers………………………………
6
Private detectives and investigators…………………
65
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
835
Crossing guards………………………………………
17
Lifeguards and other protective service workers……
45
Food preparation and serving related occupations……… 3,823
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
275
First-line supervisors/managers of food
preparation and serving workers……………………
446
Cooks…………………………………………………… 1,173
Food preparation workers……………………………
296
Bartenders………………………………………………
199
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
141
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
80
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
824
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
85
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers………………………..……………
148
Dishwashers……………………………………………
106
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
47
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
4
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations………………………………………………… 3,310
First-line supervisors/managers of
housekeeping and janitorial workers………………
164
See footnotes at end of table.
18
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$479
471
434
(¹)
622
(¹)
580
$3
6
7
(¹)
52
(¹)
14
7,129
1,949
1,156
6
39
22
178
$423
465
427
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
577
$3
6
6
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
17
502
747
9
10
548
568
500
606
9
13
(¹)
(¹)
13
(¹)
(¹)
1,116
101
17
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
782
1,044
(¹)
685
1,161
(¹)
(¹)
961
(¹)
(¹)
791
507
(¹)
(¹)
406
602
(¹)
44
44
(¹)
20
47
(¹)
(¹)
34
(¹)
(¹)
94
8
(¹)
(¹)
3
16
1
26
12
1
113
38
4
96
1
3
23
187
8
26
1,825
38
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
625
(¹)
(¹)
772
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
463
(¹)
(¹)
387
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
22
(¹)
(¹)
44
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
35
(¹)
(¹)
4
(¹)
473
393
381
484
14
4
7
18
248
442
143
101
436
381
367
405
22
7
13
20
369
16
85
388
22
306
401
405
10
7
18
57
538
48
309
381
(¹)
12
8
(¹)
362
339
15
12
68
22
343
(¹)
12
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
35
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
(¹)
(¹)
446
6
1,163
391
5
621
25
62
478
61
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Service occupations…………………………………………
Healthcare support occupations…………………………
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
Occupational therapist assistants and aides………
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
Massage therapists……………………………………
Dental assistants………………………………………
Medical assistants and other healthcare support
occupations……………………………………………
Protective service occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional
officers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of police and
detectives………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting
and prevention workers………………………………
Supervisors, protective service workers, all other…
Fire fighters……………………………………………
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
Fish and game wardens………………………………
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
Transit and railroad police……………………………
Animal control workers………………………………
Private detectives and investigators…………………
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
Crossing guards………………………………………
Lifeguards and other protective service workers……
Food preparation and serving related occupations………
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of food
preparation and serving workers……………………
Cooks……………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………
Bartenders………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers……………………………………
Dishwashers……………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of
housekeeping and janitorial workers………………
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
7,294
270
173
2
22
9
3
$543
515
488
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$7
16
23
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
77.9
90.3
87.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
61
2,304
518
800
38
17
96.5
75.8
31
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
86
1,137
65
(²)
42
69
268
15
333
116
4
7
608
3
3
42
648
8
20
1,998
237
(¹)
828
1,055
(¹)
724
1,261
(¹)
(¹)
992
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
519
(¹)
(¹)
423
618
(¹)
63
44
(¹)
22
41
(¹)
(¹)
36
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
5
17
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
86.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
77.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
89.2
(²)
(²)
91.5
(²)
198
731
153
98
512
401
390
533
21
6
9
39
85.2
95.0
94.1
76.0
56
346
23
112.1
23
287
36
(¹)
450
(¹)
(¹)
20
(¹)
(²)
84.7
(²)
80
84
396
327
20
13
86.6
(²)
12
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
3
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
2,146
493
6
79.3
103
700
53
68.3
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
104
1,536
745
58
701
2,199
$732
463
387
655
433
455
$25
9
6
62
13
9
8
437
627
1
30
1,624
(¹)
$400
376
(¹)
(¹)
432
(¹)
$7
7
(¹)
(¹)
9
87
697
28
45
(¹)
(¹)
58
9
78
86
7
16
510
(¹)
455
679
(¹)
(¹)
25
(¹)
43
31
(¹)
(¹)
37
7
50
37
1
6
(¹)
(¹)
458
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
33
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
83
8
31
291
146
62
10
71
388
499
192
47
32
369
(¹)
(¹)
468
430
538
(¹)
729
400
406
492
(¹)
(¹)
17
(¹)
(¹)
19
34
86
(¹)
69
9
6
34
(¹)
(¹)
38
2
3
260
124
10
7
50
361
420
121
31
15
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
462
420
(¹)
(¹)
613
398
405
470
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
20
18
(¹)
(¹)
32
9
6
30
(¹)
(¹)
Sales and office occupations………………………………… 23,060
Sales and related occupations……………………………
9,121
First-line supervisors/managers of retail
sales workers………………………………………… 2,142
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail
sales workers………………. ………………………
740
Cashiers………………………………………………… 1,298
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
87
Parts salespersons……………………………………
108
Retail salespersons…………………………………… 1,745
Advertising sales agents………………………………
192
Insurance sales agents………………………………
342
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
263
Travel agents……………………………………………
50
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
403
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing………………………………………… 1,063
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
16
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
361
Sales engineers………………………………………
22
Telemarketers…………………………………………
63
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors, and related workers………………………
32
631
666
3
7
14,220
4,063
597
516
2
5
676
11
975
578
10
960
376
524
623
527
861
741
18
5
40
59
13
32
19
228
928
41
15
734
87
184
801
366
(¹)
(¹)
421
838
649
45
5
(¹)
(¹)
6
41
20
1,185
612
899
66
28
32
89
39
130
892
(¹)
748
63
(¹)
32
958
(¹)
820
(¹)
481
16
(¹)
49
(¹)
38
255
13
187
3
40
842
(¹)
683
(¹)
(¹)
46
(¹)
80
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping,
lawn service, and groundskeeping workers………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors/managers of gaming
workers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of personal
service workers…………………..…………………
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Motion picture projectionists…………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Funeral service workers………………………………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Transportation attendants……………………………
Child care workers……………………………………
Personal and home care aides………………………
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping,
lawn service, and groundskeeping workers………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors/managers of gaming
workers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of personal
service workers…………………..…………………
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Motion picture projectionists…………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Funeral service workers………………………………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Transportation attendants……………………………
Child care workers……………………………………
Personal and home care aides………………………
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………
Sales and office occupations…………………………………
Sales and related occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of retail
sales workers…………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail
sales workers………………. ………………………
Cashiers…………………………………………………
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
Parts salespersons……………………………………
Retail salespersons……………………………………
Advertising sales agents………………………………
Insurance sales agents………………………………
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
Travel agents……………………………………………
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing…………………………………………
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
Sales engineers………………………………………
Telemarketers…………………………………………
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors, and related workers………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
21
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
97
1,099
119
57
671
576
$743
494
455
647
433
519
$26
8
43
63
13
17
(²)
81.0
82.6
(²)
(²)
83.2
43
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
21
2
28
49
6
10
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
45
6
28
31
21
52
3
21
27
79
71
16
18
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
564
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
414
541
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
111
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
13
179
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
97.8
86.9
(²)
(²)
8,840
5,058
736
805
6
12
81.1
64.1
1,168
782
18
73.9
512
370
47
93
1,011
105
158
1,035
400
(¹)
676
651
897
973
34
9
(¹)
56
19
108
59
77.4
91.5
(²)
(²)
64.7
93.4
66.7
174
11
272
1,423
(¹)
1,009
164
(¹)
38
62.7
(²)
74.1
808
3
174
19
23
983
(¹)
978
(¹)
(¹)
25
(¹)
55
(¹)
(¹)
85.7
(²)
69.8
(²)
(²)
23
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
193
Office and administrative support occupations………… 13,939
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers……………………
1,329
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
25
Telephone operators…………………………………
24
Communications equipment operators, all other……
4
Bill and account collectors……………………………
201
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators…
381
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
842
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
5
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
152
Procurement clerks……………………………………
21
Tellers……………………………………………………
332
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
7
Correspondence clerks………………………………
11
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
82
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
41
Customer service representatives…………………… 1,526
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
85
File clerks………………………………………………
240
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
82
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
121
Lib
Library
assistants,
i t t clerical……………………………
l i l
38
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
126
New accounts clerks…………………………………
31
89
Order clerks……………………………………………
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
38
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
881
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………..……………………
85
Information and record clerks, all other………………
106
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
16
Couriers and messengers……………………………
180
Dispatchers……………………………………………
257
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
34
Postal service clerks…………………………………
115
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
283
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
65
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
249
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
480
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
943
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
59
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
2,399
Computer operators……………………………………
104
Data entry keyers………………………………………
293
114
Word processors and typists…………………………
3
Desktop publishers……………………………………
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks……
208
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
72
See footnotes at end of table.
22
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
$837
619
$78
2
761
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
107
10,158
$808
612
$66
2
9
889
726
11
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
612
606
630
(¹)
663
(¹)
487
(¹)
(¹)
674
(¹)
596
725
577
437
590
(¹)
674
(¹)
612
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
17
10
11
(¹)
24
(¹)
8
(¹)
(¹)
46
(¹)
7
38
20
48
15
(¹)
34
(¹)
52
23
20
2
122
348
752
4
133
10
297
3
10
66
30
1,010
72
194
59
95
30
97
26
53
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
634
607
628
(¹)
672
(¹)
490
(¹)
(¹)
661
(¹)
586
722
583
415
587
(¹)
650
(¹)
613
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
27
10
10
(¹)
23
(¹)
8
(¹)
(¹)
45
(¹)
9
38
18
15
14
(¹)
27
(¹)
53
(¹)
530
(¹)
8
34
815
(¹)
529
(¹)
8
661
601
(¹)
715
664
(¹)
915
936
48
22
(¹)
34
25
(¹)
33
21
52
95
9
26
159
3
50
94
644
596
(¹)
(¹)
624
(¹)
882
897
45
20
(¹)
(¹)
26
(¹)
49
60
957
754
542
482
22
17
20
8
27
136
130
327
(¹)
695
518
495
(¹)
36
31
11
607
659
751
591
634
(¹)
629
46
7
47
14
21
(¹)
19
24
2,297
54
232
103
3
173
(¹)
657
654
585
627
(¹)
626
(¹)
7
70
15
23
(¹)
17
507
15
36
(¹)
(¹)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
Office and administrative support occupations…………
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers……………………
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
Telephone operators…………………………………
Communications equipment operators, all other……
Bill and account collectors……………………………
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators…
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
Procurement clerks……………………………………
Tellers……………………………………………………
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
Correspondence clerks………………………………
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
Customer service representatives……………………
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
File clerks………………………………………………
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
Lib
Library
assistants,
i t t clerical……………………………
l i l
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
New accounts clerks…………………………………
Order clerks……………………………………………
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks…………... ………………………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
Postal service clerks…………………………………
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
Computer operators……………………………………
Data entry keyers………………………………………
Word processors and typists…………………………
Desktop publishers……………………………………
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks……
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
23
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
86
3,782
$892
656
$71
8
90.6
93.3
440
890
29
81.6
2
4
2
79
34
89
1
18
12
35
4
2
17
11
515
13
46
24
26
7
29
5
37
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
579
(¹)
677
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
614
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
34
(¹)
41
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
11
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
109.5
(²)
92.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
95.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
5
66
(¹)
547
(¹)
27
(²)
96.7
33
11
7
153
99
31
66
189
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
755
721
(¹)
933
952
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
81
50
(¹)
26
28
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
86.5
(²)
94.5
94.2
37
113
350
615
(¹)
855
553
471
(¹)
50
24
17
(²)
81.3
93.7
105.1
35
102
50
60
11
35
(¹)
725
866
610
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
39
40
25
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
90.6
75.5
95.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
36
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Office clerks, general…………………………………
Office machine operators, except computer…………
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
First-line supervisors/managers of farming,
fishing, and forestry workers…………………………
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
Animal breeders………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
Forest and conservation workers……………………
Logging workers………………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations…………………
First-line supervisors/managers of
construction trades and extraction workers ………
Boilermakers……………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
C
Carpenters………………………………………………
t
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
Construction laborers…………………………………
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
Electricians……………………………………………
Glaziers…………………………………………………
Insulation workers………………………………………
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
Paperhangers…………………………………………
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
Roofers…………………………………………………
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
Construction and building inspectors………………
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
Fence erectors…………………………………………
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
Highway maintenance workers………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
705
33
6
15
$600
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$9
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
595
19
4
8
$597
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$9
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
399
659
24
309
632
28
9,869
729
719
416
5
7
406
151
537
369
20
10
31
25
2
84
528
11
2
5
40
5,020
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
399
400
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
709
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
14
8
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
6
4
11
54
81
1
1
102
(¹)
(¹)
381
349
(¹)
(¹)
646
(¹)
(¹)
20
12
(¹)
(¹)
37
494
25
106
669
115
955
(¹)
701
623
536
26
(¹)
32
15
29
18
1
10
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
63
877
556
568
30
16
19
(¹)
(¹)
16
2
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
-
-
328
118
560
35
28
299
1
396
29
2
146
89
51
42
85
32
30
35
102
859
507
888
(¹)
(¹)
521
(¹)
796
(¹)
(¹)
521
751
767
(¹)
949
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
715
37
16
20
(¹)
(¹)
12
(¹)
25
(¹)
(¹)
17
101
46
(¹)
71
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
63
4
1
8
1
13
6
4
1
6
3
3
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
12
(¹)
(¹)
-
-
-
See footnotes at end of table.
24
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Office clerks, general…………………………………
Office machine operators, except computer…………
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
First-line supervisors/managers of farming,
fishing, and forestry workers…………………………
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
Animal breeders………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
Forest and conservation workers……………………
Logging workers………………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations…………………
First-line supervisors/managers of
construction trades and extraction workers ………
Boilermakers……………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
C
Carpenters………………………………………………
t
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
Construction laborers…………………………………
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
Electricians……………………………………………
Glaziers…………………………………………………
Insulation workers………………………………………
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
Paperhangers…………………………………………
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
Roofers…………………………………………………
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
Construction and building inspectors………………
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
Fence erectors…………………………………………
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
Highway maintenance workers………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
25
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
110
14
3
7
$632
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$67
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
94.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
90
750
96
84.3
9,464
577
726
438
5
13
74.0
84.2
26
15
2
31
447
11
2
4
39
4,918
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
415
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
710
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
6
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
84.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
91.0
477
23
106
659
115
960
(¹)
701
624
536
25
(¹)
32
18
29
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
63
858
556
569
30
15
(²)
(²)
16
2
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
325
117
552
35
28
286
1
389
29
2
146
85
51
41
79
32
30
32
99
864
509
890
(¹)
(¹)
520
(¹)
793
(¹)
(¹)
521
733
767
(¹)
949
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
729
36
16
20
(¹)
(¹)
11
(¹)
25
(¹)
(¹)
17
87
46
(¹)
102
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
45
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
12
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and
d utility………………………………………………
tilit
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
Electrical power-line installers and repairers………
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
12
30
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
2
(¹)
(¹)
38
18
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
-
(¹)
-
(¹)
-
9
60
4
10
6
48
4,120
(¹)
$996
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
794
(¹)
$97
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
8
2
1
152
(¹)
(¹)
$683
(¹)
(¹)
$20
365
964
33
26
(¹)
(¹)
231
804
20
23
(¹)
(¹)
155
18
25
916
(¹)
(¹)
28
(¹)
(¹)
16
2
-
(¹)
(¹)
-
(¹)
(¹)
-
4
(¹)
(¹)
-
-
-
18
(¹)
(¹)
-
-
-
10
(¹)
(¹)
-
-
-
39
50
129
126
17
595
(¹)
904
980
682
(¹)
675
(¹)
34
41
17
(¹)
19
1
4
1
11
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
300
767
16
1
(¹)
(¹)
216
41
879
(¹)
23
(¹)
3
1
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
78
22
521
(¹)
21
(¹)
-
-
-
311
33
417
300
28
43
118
150
53
824
(¹)
858
693
(¹)
(¹)
1,087
863
914
29
(¹)
26
22
(¹)
(¹)
42
38
40
3
1
14
9
1
2
1
12
8
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
28
(¹)
(¹)
1
(¹)
(¹)
See footnotes at end of table.
26
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and
d utility………………………………………………
tilit
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
Electrical power-line installers and repairers………
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
27
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
12
29
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
37
18
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
9
58
4
10
6
48
3,968
(¹)
$995
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
799
(¹)
$96
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
8
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
85.5
339
979
34
(²)
208
814
20
(²)
139
16
24
942
(¹)
(¹)
54
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
4
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
18
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
10
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
39
49
126
126
17
585
(¹)
(¹)
986
683
(¹)
680
(¹)
(¹)
39
17
(¹)
18
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
298
768
16
(²)
213
40
879
(¹)
23
(¹)
(²)
(²)
78
22
521
(¹)
21
(¹)
(²)
(²)
308
32
403
291
27
41
117
137
45
826
(¹)
866
692
(¹)
(¹)
1,085
873
(¹)
30
(¹)
26
21
(¹)
(¹)
46
34
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
27
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
15
7
8
6
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
-
(¹)
-
(¹)
-
22
(¹)
(¹)
4
(¹)
(¹)
142
$664
$28
6
(¹)
(¹)
599
599
3
4
2,581
1,776
$473
481
$5
4
800
30
104
602
18
(¹)
(¹)
6
(¹)
(¹)
507
(¹)
(¹)
519
416
16
(¹)
(¹)
9
12
72
8
2
264
72
481
(¹)
(¹)
475
406
16
(¹)
(¹)
12
16
498
7
64
478
10
(¹)
510
(¹)
824
(¹)
25
(¹)
68
2
35
3
3
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
3
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
2
(¹)
(¹)
574
64
15
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
-
-
(¹)
(¹)
4
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
3
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
794
(¹)
(¹)
24
(¹)
2
10
-
(¹)
(¹)
-
(¹)
(¹)
-
(¹)
(¹)
1
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations………………………………………………… 13,034
Production occupations……………………………………
6,861
First-line supervisors/managers of production
and operating workers………………………………
657
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
27
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
130
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
30
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
23
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
713
Bakers…………………………………………………
147
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
281
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
10
Food batchmakers……………………………………
78
7
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………
Computer control programmers and operators……
57
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
8
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
8
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
9
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
74
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
1
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
49
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
18
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
5
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
355
Machinists………………………………………………
20
Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
9
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
45
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
See footnotes at end of table.
28
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
15
7
7
6
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
18
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
136
$671
$32
(²)
640
664
5
7
73.9
72.4
846
20
71.2
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
622
(¹)
(¹)
581
435
82
(¹)
(¹)
16
109
77.3
(²)
(²)
81.8
93.3
508
10
94.1
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
834
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
66
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
637
27
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(¹)
802
(¹)
(¹)
24
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations………………………………………………… 10,453
Production occupations……………………………………
5,085
First-line supervisors/managers of production
and operating workers………………………………
552
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
20
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
58
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
23
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
21
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
449
Bakers…………………………………………………
74
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
217
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
7
Food batchmakers……………………………………
43
5
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………
Computer control programmers and operators……
54
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
5
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
7
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
7
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
58
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
1
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
45
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
15
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
4
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
345
Machinists………………………………………………
20
Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
8
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
36
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
See footnotes at end of table.
29
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic…………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other…………
Bookbinders and bindery workers……………………
Job printers……………………………………………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing machine operators……………………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting
g machine setters,, operators,
p
, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
See footnotes at end of table.
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
7
62
416
(¹)
$921
648
(¹)
$31
20
1
24
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
5
8
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
(¹)
(¹)
16
7
302
15
48
36
137
115
37
125
4
6
33
(¹)
(¹)
599
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
625
371
(¹)
429
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
14
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
28
12
(¹)
30
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
64
9
8
16
29
68
24
92
1
4
20
(¹)
$496
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
361
(¹)
410
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$24
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
13
(¹)
28
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
5
(¹)
(¹)
1
(¹)
(¹)
5
(¹)
(¹)
4
(¹)
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
5
(¹)
(¹)
12
(¹)
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
1
2
14
19
45
10
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
1
3
8
1
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
30
(¹)
(¹)
6
(¹)
(¹)
17
15
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
2
-
(¹)
-
(¹)
-
40
93
(¹)
900
(¹)
47
1
2
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
72
35
857
(¹)
28
(¹)
4
1
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
50
696
62
9
(¹)
(¹)
76
58
620
524
30
22
10
11
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
41
(¹)
(¹)
7
(¹)
(¹)
30
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic…………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other…………
Bookbinders and bindery workers……………………
Job printers……………………………………………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing machine operators……………………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting
g machine setters,, operators,
p
, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
See footnotes at end of table.
31
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
6
62
391
(¹)
$922
661
(¹)
$30
20
(²)
(²)
(²)
5
7
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
15
7
237
7
40
19
108
47
14
33
3
2
13
(¹)
(¹)
629
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
657
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
26
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
24
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
78.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
4
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
1
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
5
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
3
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
1
12
11
43
9
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
25
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
15
15
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
39
91
(¹)
899
(¹)
46
(²)
(²)
68
34
859
(¹)
28
(¹)
(²)
(²)
41
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
66
48
671
(¹)
53
(¹)
(²)
(²)
34
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Cementing and gluing machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Ti b
Tire
builders……………………………………………
ild
Helpers—production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors, transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
Parking lot attendants…………………………………
Service station attendants……………………………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
13
(¹)
(¹)
2
(¹)
(¹)
602
12
$716
(¹)
$22
(¹)
195
4
$549
(¹)
$27
(¹)
69
624
37
37
(¹)
(¹)
233
121
472
647
16
37
114
12
438
(¹)
24
(¹)
30
4
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
14
2
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
10
(¹)
(¹)
3
(¹)
(¹)
9
(¹)
(¹)
3
(¹)
(¹)
3
8
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
(¹)
(¹)
22
(¹)
(¹)
3
(¹)
(¹)
35
24
37
839
6,172
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
543
599
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
12
4
6
2
5
238
805
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
486
447
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
10
10
230
82
743
1,365
18
60
57
3
615
(¹)
63
(¹)
46
(¹)
(¹)
6
(¹)
(¹)
11
332
2,386
251
23
58
7
56
(¹)
574
686
537
(¹)
1,268
(¹)
1,198
(¹)
23
10
36
(¹)
302
(¹)
111
2
148
79
35
3
1
3
(¹)
502
492
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
17
53
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
10
25
30
7
2
41
57
40
12
7
48
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
393
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
24
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1
3
7
5
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
-
See footnotes at end of table.
32
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Cementing and gluing machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Ti b
Tire
builders……………………………………………
ild
Helpers—production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors, transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
Parking lot attendants…………………………………
Service station attendants……………………………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
33
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
11
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
407
8
$792
(¹)
$22
(¹)
69.3
(²)
32
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
120
109
493
662
15
36
88.8
(²)
16
2
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
6
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
6
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
3
7
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
19
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
28
22
32
602
5,368
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
583
618
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
15
5
(²)
(²)
(²)
83.4
72.3
172
79
758
1,360
19
57
81.1
(²)
41
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
9
184
2,307
216
20
57
7
53
(¹)
660
691
570
(¹)
1,268
(¹)
1,230
(¹)
27
10
35
(¹)
303
(¹)
59
(²)
76.1
71.2
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
10
24
30
7
2
37
50
35
12
7
48
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
406
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
23
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2010 annual averages—Continued
Both sexes
Occupation
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Shuttle car operators…………………………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
Women
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
35
3
459
235
(¹)
(¹)
$559
448
(¹)
(¹)
$17
16
1
29
31
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
1,155
27
346
21
77
2
51
497
(¹)
400
(¹)
481
(¹)
742
7
(¹)
8
(¹)
27
(¹)
63
183
9
187
4
1
4
$419
(¹)
389
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
$11
(¹)
11
(¹)
(¹)
(¹)
See footnotes at end of table.
34
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Shuttle car operators…………………………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
1
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
33
3
430
204
(¹)
(¹)
$556
452
(¹)
(¹)
$17
16
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
973
18
159
20
74
1
47
508
(¹)
413
(¹)
491
(¹)
(¹)
7
(¹)
12
(¹)
26
(¹)
(¹)
82.5
(²)
94.2
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
Data not shown where base for either the numerator or the denominator is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Dash indicates data not available or do not meet publication standards.
2
35
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state
and sex, 2010 annual averages
Both sexes
State
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
UNITED STATES.....................
99,531
$747
$2
44,472
$669
$3
Alabama.......................................
Alaska...........................................
Arizona.........................................
Arkansas.......................................
California......................................
1,478
241
2,028
911
10,999
661
827
723
594
793
20
18
11
9
8
678
107
878
416
4,712
597
705
667
530
747
18
20
17
14
9
Colorado.......................................
Connecticut...................................
Delaware......................................
District of Columbia......................
Florida...........................................
1,727
1,195
293
259
5,804
823
976
760
1,014
717
15
24
16
21
8
728
524
137
131
2,735
719
835
735
965
647
14
32
16
20
8
Georgia.........................................
Hawaii...........................................
Idaho.............................................
Illinois............................................
Indiana..........................................
3,198
401
445
4,264
2,030
725
732
666
771
693
14
16
12
10
15
1,458
185
181
1,865
869
637
658
585
678
598
13
15
14
13
13
Iowa..............................................
Kansas..........................................
Kentucky.......................................
Louisiana......................................
Maine............................................
1,056
970
1,301
1,436
406
700
689
650
682
722
14
16
15
23
15
481
439
596
646
189
622
611
581
582
637
13
12
11
12
19
Maryland.......................................
Massachusetts..............................
g
Michigan.......................................
Minnesota.....................................
Mississippi....................................
2,148
2,193
,
2,848
1,856
854
867
946
768
823
618
19
15
11
17
11
1,006
982
,
1,290
819
406
798
832
684
749
564
43
19
14
18
18
Missouri........................................
Montana........................................
Nebraska......................................
Nevada.........................................
New Hampshire............................
1,977
280
652
811
486
725
658
688
687
848
16
16
13
12
16
926
128
304
359
213
616
553
621
614
745
12
18
14
8
16
New Jersey...................................
New Mexico..................................
New York......................................
North Carolina..............................
North Dakota................................
3,074
606
6,602
3,049
249
895
688
798
671
689
17
17
10
12
13
1,352
270
3,062
1,418
112
824
605
747
622
603
16
15
7
10
13
Ohio..............................................
Oklahoma.....................................
Oregon..........................................
Pennsylvania................................
Rhode Island................................
3,679
1,202
1,129
4,171
335
732
661
754
751
805
8
12
17
7
22
1,668
542
468
1,835
152
645
579
659
664
700
11
12
22
11
26
South Carolina..............................
South Dakota................................
Tennessee....................................
Texas............................................
Utah..............................................
1,416
280
2,001
8,381
853
664
651
639
665
717
10
12
15
8
9
679
131
926
3,575
324
586
598
589
611
620
16
10
15
7
12
Vermont........................................
Virginia..........................................
Washington..................................
West Virginia................................
Wisconsin.....................................
Wyoming......................................
217
2,892
2,193
566
1,894
197
754
831
870
705
761
776
14
18
18
15
12
15
102
1,351
938
244
856
81
696
719
748
572
684
616
22
18
16
17
17
14
36
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary
workers, by state and sex, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
State
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
UNITED STATES.....................
55,059
$824
$3
81.2
Alabama.......................................
Alaska...........................................
Arizona.........................................
Arkansas.......................................
California......................................
800
134
1,150
496
6,287
709
948
767
640
840
20
28
16
18
13
84.2
74.4
87.0
82.8
88.9
Colorado.......................................
Connecticut...................................
Delaware......................................
District of Columbia......................
Florida...........................................
998
672
156
128
3,069
925
1,101
805
1,103
773
22
56
30
58
11
77.7
75.8
91.3
87.5
83.7
Georgia.........................................
Hawaii...........................................
Idaho.............................................
Illinois............................................
Indiana..........................................
1,740
216
264
2,399
1,160
822
797
754
872
772
27
22
20
14
22
77.5
82.6
77.6
77.8
77.5
Iowa..............................................
Kansas..........................................
Kentucky.......................................
Louisiana......................................
Maine............................................
575
531
705
790
217
786
763
743
834
810
23
18
19
20
30
79.1
80.1
78.2
69.8
78.6
Maryland.......................................
Massachusetts..............................
g
Michigan.......................................
Minnesota.....................................
Mississippi....................................
1,142
1,212
,
1,558
1,037
449
932
1,033
857
903
693
32
23
23
23
20
85.6
80.5
79.8
82.9
81.4
Missouri........................................
Montana........................................
Nebraska......................................
Nevada.........................................
New Hampshire............................
1,051
152
348
452
273
819
730
748
751
966
22
19
18
14
27
75.2
75.8
83.0
81.8
77.1
New Jersey...................................
New Mexico..................................
New York......................................
North Carolina..............................
North Dakota................................
1,722
336
3,540
1,630
137
972
780
861
728
764
19
25
11
17
16
84.8
77.6
86.8
85.4
78.9
Ohio..............................................
Oklahoma.....................................
Oregon..........................................
Pennsylvania................................
Rhode Island................................
2,012
660
661
2,336
183
817
746
828
822
930
16
23
29
15
30
78.9
77.6
79.6
80.8
75.3
South Carolina..............................
South Dakota................................
Tennessee....................................
Texas............................................
Utah..............................................
737
149
1,076
4,806
528
752
716
715
714
841
19
17
26
10
26
77.9
83.5
82.4
85.6
73.7
Vermont........................................
Virginia..........................................
Washington..................................
West Virginia................................
Wisconsin.....................................
Wyoming......................................
116
1,540
1,255
321
1,037
116
807
956
978
832
826
891
18
21
22
27
18
17
86.2
75.2
76.5
68.8
82.8
69.1
37
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time
part time wage and salary workers, by selected
characteristics,
characteristics 2010 annual averages
Both sexes
Women
Number
off
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
i
Standard
error
of
di
median
Number
off
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
i
Standard
error
of
di
median
Total
Total, 16 years and older
older................................
16 tto 24 years........................................................
16
6 to
o 19
9 yea
years.....................................................
s
20 to 24 years
years.....................................................
25 years and
d older.................................................
ld
25 to 34 years.....................................................
35 to 44 years
years.....................................................
45 tto 54 years.....................................................
55 to 64 years.....................................................
65 years and older
older..............................................
24
351
24,351
8,063
8 063
3,237
3,
3
4,827
4 827
16 288
16,288
4,221
3,496
3 496
3 608
3,608
3,025
1 938
1,938
$229
169
137
3
196
270
266
283
292
276
215
$1
1
2
2
2
3
5
4
4
4
15
992
15,992
4,552
4 552
1,812
,8
2,741
2 741
11 440
11,440
2,741
2,646
2 646
2 789
2,789
2,147
1 117
1,117
$232
165
135
35
195
269
263
279
290
277
201
$2
2
2
3
2
3
6
5
5
5
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
Whit
White......................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
20,222
20
222
2,521
948
3,418
230
219
251
229
1
3
6
3
13,441
13
441
1,559
590
2,016
234
219
255
222
2
3
8
3
10 824
10,824
10 065
10,065
3,463
,
1 899
1,899
842
723
189
283
244
257
236
219
1
3
3
4
6
6
5 945
5,945
7 440
7,440
2,607
,
1 403
1,403
584
620
186
280
242
259
230
215
2
3
4
5
7
7
Characteristic
AGE
MARITAL STATUS
Never married
married........................................................
Married spouse present
Married,
present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
S
t d
Widowed.............................................................
See note at end of table.
38
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time
part time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics
characteristics, 2010 annual averages
averages—Continued
Continued
Men
Women's
earnings
as
percent
off men's
'
Number
off
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
i
Standard
error
of
di
median
Total
Total, 16 years and older
older................................
16 tto 24 years........................................................
16
6 to
o 19
9 yea
years.....................................................
s
20 to 24 years
years.....................................................
25 years and
d older.................................................
ld
25 to 34 years.....................................................
35 to 44 years
years.....................................................
45 tto 54 years.....................................................
55 to 64 years.....................................................
65 years and older
older..............................................
8
359
8,359
3,511
3 511
1,425
, 5
2,086
2 086
4 849
4,849
1,479
851
820
878
821
$223
174
138
38
198
273
271
292
295
275
238
$2
2
3
3
3
4
8
8
8
7
104
0
104.0
94.8
94 8
97.8
9
8
98.5
98 5
98 5
98.5
97.0
95.5
95 5
98 3
98.3
100.7
84 5
84.5
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
Whit
White......................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
6,781
6
781
962
358
1,402
223
218
245
240
2
4
10
5
104.9
104
9
100.5
104 1
104.1
92.5
4 879
4,879
2 625
2,625
856
496
258
102
193
291
252
253
254
247
2
5
7
9
14
19
96 4
96.4
96 2
96.2
96.0
102 4
102.4
90.6
90 6
87.0
Characteristic
AGE
MARITAL STATUS
Never married
married........................................................
Married spouse present
Married,
present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated...........................................................
S
t d
Widowed.............................................................
NOTE: Estimates for the race g
groups
p listed ((White, Black or African American, and Asian)) do not
sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
race
39
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,
2010 annual averages
Both sexes
Hours
off workk
H
Number
off
workers
((in
thousands)
Women
Median
kl
weekly
earnings
g
Standard
error
of
di
median
Number
off
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
kl
weekly
earnings
g
Standard
error
of
di
median
Total 16 years and older
Total,
older................................
124 073
124,073
$631
$2
60 542
60,542
$552
$3
1 to 34 hours..........................................................
1 to 4 hours
hours........................................................
5 to 9 hours........................................................
10 to 14 hours....................................................
15 to 19 hours
hours....................................................
20 to 24 hours....................................................
25 to 29 hours
hours....................................................
30 to 34 hours
hours....................................................
21,802
548
1,203
1,865
2 729
2,729
6,425
2 953
2,953
6 079
6,079
233
62
69
112
156
212
262
337
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
4
14,452
343
824
1,281
1 821
1,821
4,268
1 977
1,977
3 937
3,937
236
62
71
113
158
218
265
348
2
3
2
1
2
2
3
4
35 or more hours
hours...................................................
35 tto 39 h
hours....................................................
40 hours.............................................................
41 or more hours
hours................................................
41 tto 44 h
hours.................................................
45 to 48 hours.................................................
49 to 59 hours
hours.................................................
60 or more h
hours.............................................
94 452
94,452
8,200
8 200
,
67,195
19 056
19,056
1 084
1,084
5,294
,
8 450
8,450
4,228
4 228
750
485
700
1 153
1,153
867
994
1 246
1,246
1,338
1 338
2
5
2
5
18
10
9
17
42 616
42,616
5,508
5 508
,
31,196
5 912
5,912
435
1,858
,
2 585
2,585
1,034
1 034
675
506
650
1 036
1,036
798
941
1 134
1,134
1,168
1 168
3
6
3
10
36
14
14
19
7,819
7 819
2,549
5,079
414
196
639
5
4
12
3,475
3 475
1,540
1,856
312
196
486
5
5
13
Hours vary……………………………………………
vary
Usually less than 35 hours…………………………
Usually 35 or more hours…………………………
See note at end of table
table.
40
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours
usually worked and sex
sex, 2010 annual averages
averages—Continued
Continued
Men
Women's
earnings
as
percent
off men's
'
Number
off
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
kl
weekly
earnings
g
Standard
error
of
di
median
Total 16 years and older
Total,
older................................
63 531
63,531
$736
$3
75 0
75.0
1 to 34 hours
hours..........................................................
1 to 4 hours
hours........................................................
5 to 9 hours........................................................
10 to 14 hours....................................................
15 to 19 hours
hours....................................................
20 to 24 hours....................................................
25 to 29 hours
hours....................................................
30 to 34 hours
hours....................................................
7,351
7 351
204
379
584
908
2,157
976
2 142
2,142
226
62
65
110
150
201
256
320
2
5
2
2
3
2
4
3
104.4
104 4
100 0
100.0
109.2
102.7
105 3
105.3
108.5
103 5
103.5
108 8
108.8
35 or more hours
hours...................................................
35 tto 39 h
hours....................................................
40 hours.............................................................
41 or more hours
hours................................................
41 tto 44 h
hours.................................................
45 to 48 hours.................................................
49 to 59 hours
hours.................................................
60 or more h
hours.............................................
51 836
51,836
2,692
2 692
,
35,999
13 144
13,144
650
3,436
,
5 865
5,865
3,194
3 194
830
449
747
1 210
1,210
919
1,025
,
1 312
1,312
1,381
1 381
3
7
3
11
24
13
18
19
81 3
81.3
112.7
112
7
87.0
85 6
85.6
86 8
86.8
91.8
86 4
86.4
84.6
84 6
4,345
4 345
1,009
3,223
556
196
739
18
5
12
56.1
56 1
100.0
65.8
Hours
off workk
H
Hours vary……………………………………………
vary
Usually less than 35 hours…………………………
Usually 35 or more hours…………………………
full-time
part-time
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full
time and part
time workers. Estimates for the
"hours vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of
multiple
principal
p jjobholders whose usual number of hours on the p
p jjob is not identifiable.
41
Table 6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary
workers, by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages
Upper limit of:
Characteristic
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
First
decile
First
quartile
Second
quartile
(median)
Third
quartile
Ninth
decile
SEX, RACE, AND HISPANIC
OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Total, 16 years and older.............................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
99,531
44,472
55,059
$353
334
375
$493
458
524
$747
669
824
$1,157
1,002
1,288
$1,769
1,482
1,923
White...........................................................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
80,656
34,971
45,685
359
338
380
504
471
544
765
684
850
1,179
1,017
1,334
1,833
1,512
1,990
Black or African American...........................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
11,658
6,283
5,376
324
316
337
422
411
445
611
592
633
913
865
958
1,314
1,236
1,420
Asian...........................................................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
4,946
2,193
2,753
378
356
394
533
496
584
855
773
936
1,423
1,235
1,560
2,082
1,835
2,295
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity..........................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
14,837
5,598
9,239
300
289
308
382
362
393
535
508
560
806
748
854
1,241
1,110
1,335
Total, 25 years and older.............................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school, no college ...........................
Some college or associate's degree.........
Bachelor's degree and higher...................
90,979
7,153
25,200
24,896
33,731
377
282
345
387
554
520
342
453
518
773
782
444
626
734
1,144
1,203
605
901
1,037
1,732
1,848
824
1,236
1,444
2,460
Women, 25 years and older........................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school, no college............................
Some college or associate's degree.........
Bachelor's degree and higher...................
40,691
2,321
10,449
12,018
15,903
351
252
318
356
515
484
308
405
476
717
704
388
543
638
986
1,041
502
739
889
1,427
1,535
633
997
1,203
1,922
Men, 25 years and older..............................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school, no college............................
Some college or associate's degree.........
Bachelor's degree and higher...................
50,289
4,832
14,751
12,878
17,828
397
295
378
427
594
577
370
502
593
871
874
486
710
845
1,330
1,357
661
1,001
1,169
1,915
2,004
898
1,381
1,608
2,888
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent
earn less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median;
75 percent earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less than the upper limit of the ninth
decile. Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data
are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
42
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2010 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.99
$1,500.00
or
more
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and older......
16 to 24 years...........................
16 to 19 years........................
20 to 24 years........................
25 years and older....................
25 to 34 years........................
35 to 44 years........................
45 to 54 years........................
55 to 64 years........................
65 years and older.................
99,531
8,552
1,037
7,514
90,979
24,101
23,822
25,206
15,141
2,710
882
175
67
107
707
164
161
198
116
68
1,322
353
92
261
969
303
229
234
127
77
6,892
1,828
368
1,460
5,064
1,745
1,248
1,187
662
222
16,307
2,883
327
2,556
13,423
4,495
3,202
3,227
1,971
527
23,551
2,009
127
1,881
21,542
6,654
5,383
5,618
3,329
558
17,462
794
33
761
16,668
4,560
4,357
4,677
2,698
376
18,158
400
15
385
17,758
4,046
4,780
5,181
3,313
438
14,957
109
7
102
14,848
2,134
4,461
4,884
2,925
443
Women, 16 years and older..
16 to 24 years...........................
16 to 19 years........................
20 to 24 years........................
25 years and older....................
25 to 34 years........................
35 to 44 years........................
45 tto 54 years........................
55 to 64 years........................
65 years and older.................
44,472
3,782
406
3,376
40,691
10,462
10,265
11 631
11,631
7,140
1,193
466
81
29
52
385
78
94
116
64
33
739
173
38
134
566
171
125
152
80
39
3,803
885
153
732
2,919
875
727
752
431
134
8,409
1,265
123
1,142
7,144
2,047
1,752
1 941
1,941
1,146
258
11,633
890
45
845
10,742
3,080
2,543
2 944
2,944
1,878
297
7,879
334
8
325
7,545
2,000
1,903
2 156
2,156
1,293
193
7,109
134
9
125
6,975
1,531
1,811
2 102
2,102
1,378
154
4,435
20
1
20
4,415
679
1,312
1 468
1,468
870
86
Men, 16 years and older.......
16 to 24 years...........................
16 to 19 years........................
20 to 24 years........................
25 years and older....................
25 to 34 years........................
35 to 44 years........................
45 to 54 years........................
55 to 64 years........................
65 years and older.................
55,059
4,770
632
4,139
50,289
13,639
13,558
13,575
8,001
1,516
416
94
38
56
323
85
68
82
52
35
583
180
53
127
403
132
105
82
47
38
3,089
944
216
728
2,145
870
521
435
230
89
7,898
1,619
204
1,414
6,280
2,448
1,451
1,286
826
269
11,918
1,118
83
1,036
10,800
3,574
2,840
2,674
1,451
261
9,584
460
25
436
9,123
2,560
2,454
2,521
1,405
182
11,049
266
6
260
10,783
2,515
2,969
3,079
1,935
284
10,522
89
6
82
10,433
1,455
3,149
3,416
2,055
357
See note at end of table.
43
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.99
$1,500.00
or
more
RACE, HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY,
AND SEX
White.....................................
Women.....................................
Men..........................................
80,656
34,971
45,685
700
365
335
995
548
447
5,322
2,863
2,459
12,444
6,322
6,122
18,815
9,171
9,644
14,376
6,342
8,033
15,219
5,717
9,502
12,786
3,644
9,142
Black or African American.....
Women.....................................
Men..........................................
11,658
6,283
5,376
119
63
56
233
144
89
1,101
687
415
2,673
1,499
1,174
3,163
1,700
1,463
1,918
995
923
1,629
848
781
823
347
476
Asian.....................................
Women.....................................
Men..........................................
4,946
2,193
2,753
41
21
19
51
29
22
272
147
125
713
366
348
977
467
510
806
381
425
947
407
540
1,138
373
765
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....
Women.....................................
Men..........................................
14,837
5,598
9,239
172
87
85
357
172
186
2,101
949
1,151
3,906
1,477
2,429
3,905
1,466
2,439
1,893
699
1,194
1,551
496
1,055
951
250
700
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
44
Table 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital
status, and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2010 annual averages
Number of
workers
(in thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
44,472
16,119
9,738
6,381
28,353
$669
664
676
644
672
$3
4
6
7
3
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
23,385
10,731
6,419
4,312
12,655
727
737
723
756
716
3
4
7
7
5
Total, other marital statuses1 ……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
21,087
5,388
3,319
2,069
15,698
614
555
609
487
637
3
6
7
6
4
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children
hild
under
d 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
55,059
20 577
20,577
10,922
9,655
34,482
824
907
962
841
774
3
5
7
8
4
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
33,621
18,554
9,953
8,601
15,067
939
940
982
890
938
4
5
8
8
5
21,438
2,024
969
1,054
19,415
658
645
778
565
659
4
13
19
16
4
Characteristic
WOMEN
MEN
1
Total, other marital statuses ……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
1
Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
NOTE: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded
are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children. Data
for 2010 reflect improved methodology that provides more accurate estimates of the number of mothers and fathers
and, as a result, are not strictly comparable with data for earlier years.
45
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected
characteristics, 2010 annual averages
Both sexes
Characteristic
AGE
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years.......................................................
16 to 19 years....................................................
20 to 24 years....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years....................................................
35 to 44 years....................................................
45 to 54 years....................................................
55 to 64 years....................................................
65 years and older.............................................
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
hourly
earnings
Women
Standard
error
of
median
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
hourly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
72,902
14,061
3,985
10,076
58,842
16,827
14,362
15,316
9,584
2,753
$12.50
8.90
8.00
9.53
13.98
12.53
14.61
14.98
14.89
11.55
$0.05
.02
.02
.06
.03
.08
.11
.04
.05
.24
37,404
7,148
2,096
5,052
30,256
8,008
7,239
8,183
5,317
1,510
$11.83
8.62
7.91
9.08
12.88
12.04
13.12
13.50
13.68
11.18
$0.03
.03
.03
.04
.04
.05
.09
.14
.15
.18
58,529
9,436
2,920
12,977
12.74
11.77
13.22
10.88
.04
.08
.24
.06
29,580
5,299
1,513
5,503
11.88
11.20
12.41
10.11
.03
.10
.32
.04
25,988
34,519
12,395
7 717
7,717
3,139
1,539
10.08
14.79
12.94
13 90
13.90
11.49
12.12
.02
.04
.07
.08
08
.24
.14
12,474
17,198
7,733
4 746
4,746
1,741
1,247
9.83
13.22
12.15
12 87
12.87
10.82
11.93
.03
.07
.05
.10
10
.15
.14
8,752
9,579
63,323
18.21
18.07
11.96
.14
.08
.02
3,434
3,856
33,549
15.89
15.76
11.32
.17
.21
.05
58,842
7,058
21,561
19,035
11,187
13.98
10.13
13.16
14.80
18.18
.03
.03
.05
.05
.15
30,256
2,776
10,219
10,601
6,661
12.88
9.20
11.79
13.51
18.06
.04
.05
.05
.12
.11
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
MARITAL STATUS
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION1
Members of unions 2..............................................
Represented by a union 3 ......................................
Not represented by a union...................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school, no college ....................................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher ...........................
See footnotes at end of table.
46
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,
by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued
Men
Characteristic
Number
of
workers
(in
thousands)
AGE
Total, 16 years and older................................
16 to 24 years.......................................................
16 to 19 years....................................................
20 to 24 years....................................................
25 years and older.................................................
25 to 34 years....................................................
35 to 44 years....................................................
45 to 54 years....................................................
55 to 64 years....................................................
65 years and older.............................................
Median
hourly
earnings
Standard
error
of
median
Women's
earnings
as
percent
of men's
35,498
6,913
1,889
5,024
28,585
8,819
7,123
7,133
4,267
1,243
$13.76
9.21
8.09
9.90
15.04
13.10
15.83
16.89
16.45
11.92
$0.07
.04
.03
.03
.03
.07
.12
.10
.25
.16
86.0
93.6
97.8
91.7
85.6
91.9
82.9
79.9
83.2
93.8
28,949
4,137
1,406
7,474
13.97
12.16
14.11
11.73
.05
.08
.18
.14
85.0
92.1
88.0
86.2
13,514
17,321
4,662
2 971
2,971
1,399
293
10.34
15.98
14.47
15 17
15.17
12.22
14.24
.07
.06
.21
.10
10
.20
.79
95.1
82.7
84.0
84 8
84.8
88.5
83.8
5,318
5,723
29,775
19.95
19.85
12.64
.08
.09
.07
79.6
79.4
89.6
28,585
4,282
11,342
8,434
4,527
15.04
11.11
14.99
16.19
18.64
.03
.08
.05
.11
.34
85.6
82.8
78.7
83.4
96.9
RACE AND HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
MARITAL STATUS
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
UNION AFFILIATION 1
Members of unions 2..............................................
Represented by a union 3 ......................................
Not represented by a union...................................
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school, no college ....................................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher ...........................
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.
2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2010.
Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race.
47
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and
selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$6.00
$6.00
to
$7.99
$8.00
to
$9.99
$10.00
to
$11.99
$12.00
to
$14.99
$15.00
to
$19.99
$20.00
or
more
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and older......
16 to 24 years.............................
16 to 19 years..........................
20 to 24 years..........................
25 years and older......................
25 to 34 years..........................
35 to 44 years..........................
45 to 54 years..........................
55 to 64 years..........................
65 years and older...................
72,902
14,061
3,985
10,076
58,842
16,827
14,362
15,316
9,584
2,753
1,291
555
161
394
736
379
162
123
38
34
6,064
3,108
1,561
1,547
2,956
989
691
629
396
250
13,687
4,934
1,545
3,389
8,753
2,992
1,962
1,894
1,305
600
11,490
2,578
469
2,108
8,913
2,989
1,978
2,067
1,347
532
12,151
1,578
161
1,417
10,573
3,278
2,537
2,674
1,627
457
12,752
859
58
800
11,894
3,218
2,984
3,296
2,010
387
15,467
450
31
419
15,017
2,982
4,048
4,633
2,860
494
Women, 16 years and older.
16 to 24 years.............................
16 to 19 years..........................
20 to 24 years..........................
25 years and older......................
25 to 34 years..........................
35 to 44 years..........................
45 to 54 years..........................
55 to 64 years..........................
65 years and older...................
37,404
7,148
2,096
5,052
30,256
8,008
7,239
8,183
5,317
1,510
899
401
122
279
499
249
100
97
29
23
3,682
1,767
873
894
1,916
597
450
440
275
153
7,850
2,627
820
1,807
5,222
1,536
1,229
1,272
855
330
6,206
1,155
207
948
5,051
1,427
1,164
1,325
833
303
6,409
705
52
653
5,704
1,585
1,313
1,544
997
265
5,840
310
15
294
5,530
1,361
1,305
1,586
1,069
209
6,520
185
7
177
6,335
1,253
1,679
1,920
1,258
226
Men, 16 years and older.......
16 to 24 years.............................
16 to 19 years..........................
20 to 24 years..........................
25 years and older......................
25 to 34 years..........................
35 to 44 years..........................
45 to 54 years..........................
55 to 64 years..........................
65 years and older...................
35,498
6,913
1,889
5,024
28,585
8,819
7,123
7,133
4,267
1,243
392
154
38
116
239
130
62
26
10
11
2,381
1,341
687
654
1,040
392
241
189
121
96
5,837
2,307
724
1,582
3,530
1,456
733
622
450
270
5,285
1,423
263
1,160
3,862
1,562
815
742
514
229
5,742
873
109
764
4,869
1,693
1,225
1,130
629
192
6,913
549
43
506
6,364
1,856
1,679
1,710
941
178
8,947
266
24
242
8,682
1,729
2,370
2,713
1,602
268
See note at end of table.
48
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and
selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$6.00
$6.00
to
$7.99
$8.00
to
$9.99
$10.00
to
$11.99
$12.00
to
$14.99
$15.00
to
$19.99
$20.00
or
more
RACE, HISPANIC OR
LATINO ETHNICITY,
AND SEX
White.......................................
Women.......................................
Men.............................................
58,529
29,580
28,949
1,096
785
311
4,743
2,860
1,883
10,776
6,155
4,621
8,967
4,793
4,174
9,641
5,033
4,608
10,360
4,677
5,683
12,947
5,279
7,668
Black or African American.......
Women.......................................
Men.............................................
9,436
5,299
4,137
119
67
52
951
609
341
1,954
1,171
783
1,734
997
737
1,725
959
766
1,535
768
767
1,419
728
691
Asian.......................................
Women.......................................
Men.............................................
2,920
1,513
1,406
44
26
19
164
95
69
520
284
235
458
256
202
446
241
205
535
241
294
751
370
381
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity......
Women.......................................
Men.............................................
12,977
5,503
7,474
187
103
82
1,162
672
489
3,420
1,656
1,764
2,405
975
1,430
2,299
963
1,336
1,930
661
1,269
1,575
472
1,103
NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2010. Estimates for the
race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
49
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years...............................................................
16 to 19 years............................................................
20 to 24 years............................................................
25 years and older........................................................
25 to 34 years............................................................
35 to 44 years............................................................
45 to 54 years............................................................
55 to 64 years............................................................
65 years and older.....................................................
72,902
14,061
3,985
10,076
58,842
16,827
14,362
15,316
9,584
2,753
2,541
1,180
480
700
1,360
573
314
257
124
92
1,820
955
514
441
865
271
216
200
103
75
4,361
2,135
994
1,141
2,225
844
530
457
227
167
6.0
15.2
24.9
11.3
3.8
5.0
3.7
3.0
2.4
6.1
Women, 16 years and older..................................
16 to 24 years...............................................................
16 to 19 yyears............................................................
20 to 24 years............................................................
25 years and older........................................................
25 to 34 years............................................................
35 to 44 years............................................................
45 to 54 years............................................................
55 to 64 years............................................................
65 years and older.....................................................
37,404
7,148
2,096
,
5,052
30,256
8,008
7,239
8,183
5,317
1,510
1,598
743
304
439
855
349
191
183
76
55
1,151
543
277
265
608
186
147
146
73
56
2,749
1,286
581
704
1,463
535
338
329
149
111
7.3
18.0
27.7
13.9
4.8
6.7
4.7
4.0
2.8
7.4
Men, 16 years and older........................................
16 to 24 years...............................................................
16 to 19 years............................................................
20 to 24 years............................................................
25 years and older........................................................
25 to 34 years............................................................
35 to 44 years............................................................
45 to 54 years............................................................
55 to 64 years............................................................
65 years and older.....................................................
35,498
6,913
1,889
5,024
28,585
8,819
7,123
7,133
4,267
1,243
943
438
176
261
505
223
123
74
48
37
669
413
236
176
257
85
69
54
30
19
1,612
851
412
437
762
308
192
128
78
56
4.5
12.3
21.8
8.7
2.7
3.5
2.7
1.8
1.8
4.5
See note at end of table.
50
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2010 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
RACE, HISPANIC OR LATINO
ETHNICITY, AND SEX
White.........................................................................
Women..........................................................................
Men...............................................................................
58,529
29,580
28,949
2,015
1,299
716
1,414
875
538
3,429
2,174
1,254
5.9
7.3
4.3
Black or African American.........................................
Women..........................................................................
Men...............................................................................
9,436
5,299
4,137
349
197
152
301
209
92
650
406
244
6.9
7.7
5.9
Asian, 16 years and older.........................................
Women..........................................................................
Men...............................................................................
2,920
1,513
1,406
104
57
47
36
24
12
140
81
59
4.8
5.4
4.2
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......................................
Women
Women..........................................................................
Men...............................................................................
12,977
5
503
5,503
7,474
462
261
201
360
207
154
822
468
355
6.3
8
5
8.5
4.7
Full-time workers.......................................................
Women..........................................................................
Men...............................................................................
52,803
24,229
28,574
1,039
595
444
595
340
255
1,634
935
699
3.1
3.9
2.4
Part-time workers......................................................
Women..........................................................................
Men...............................................................................
19,994
13,123
6,871
1,496
998
498
1,220
807
413
2,716
1,805
911
13.6
13.8
13.3
FULL- AND PART-TIME STATUS AND SEX1
1 The distinction between full-time and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum
to totals because full-time or part-time status on the principal or main job is not identifiable for a small number of
multiple jobholders.
NOTE: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $7.25 in 2010. (See Technical Note for more information about
minimum wage workers.) Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not
sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race.
51
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$198
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
187
200
208
211
217
224
232
243
249
259
154
161
164
164
169
174
178
186
196
204
200
213
220
223
231
240
248
259
266
276
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
276
296
311
321
335
349
360
373
383
394
302
326
354
370
389
406
419
435
450
472
298
320
345
367
385
400
416
429
453
472
285
309
325
346
366
381
397
405
419
431
203
222
253
261
272
297
298
310
323
334
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
269
277
276
282
286
292
298
306
319
341
209
213
212
214
221
231
240
252
268
281
285
291
290
297
300
306
312
321
339
363
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
407
415
422
436
439
451
463
481
502
518
486
498
503
517
537
550
559
579
597
611
489
507
522
542
566
582
594
607
620
652
457
469
483
492
501
514
535
558
592
604
343
381
378
393
384
389
384
393
405
404
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
361
375
381
387
390
397
409
424
443
442
297
305
305
311
309
318
324
337
349
344
383
394
399
402
406
411
423
450
467
464
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
774
549
576
591
594
604
610
621
643
666
678
625
657
668
687
713
731
748
769
804
817
669
693
706
723
743
748
773
790
822
838
620
638
674
708
725
742
765
803
825
841
463
488
502
516
560
569
583
605
644
684
2010………………
747
432
347
454
782
682
824
844
860
684
See footnote at end of table.
52
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
WOMEN
1979………………
$182
$154
$132
$161
$195
$199
$196
$192
$189
$170
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
167
180
192
198
203
211
219
227
235
246
145
154
158
158
162
166
170
172
184
197
175
191
201
207
213
221
231
242
251
260
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
218
239
258
272
285
296
306
316
327
340
214
238
258
272
292
307
319
337
354
370
209
225
252
264
279
292
308
324
339
357
205
222
245
257
270
285
296
308
317
333
175
189
211
212
219
242
256
261
280
292
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
254
266
267
273
276
275
284
292
305
324
198
205
205
205
211
215
223
240
249
266
269
280
280
289
290
291
298
306
319
343
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
356
371
382
395
397
403
415
427
451
470
390
407
418
435
448
453
463
482
498
503
377
398
417
440
450
464
481
495
516
534
348
363
376
395
398
403
420
433
476
492
300
319
328
335
336
353
334
348
350
370
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
344
353
367
371
375
381
395
409
420
424
283
288
295
299
293
304
305
318
322
323
366
375
385
387
391
396
413
426
445
445
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
687
493
512
530
546
561
573
583
597
623
634
521
547
571
590
608
621
645
668
682
709
564
587
602
609
625
644
659
677
707
712
508
536
574
601
615
639
658
679
711
727
392
390
430
435
478
492
510
534
563
602
2010………………
669
422
336
439
704
648
731
730
736
601
See footnote at end of table.
53
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
MEN
1979………………
$292
$196
$155
$211
$314
$295
$336
$338
$312
$219
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
208
218
225
223
231
241
246
257
262
271
162
168
170
168
174
183
186
196
205
209
224
237
244
242
250
258
264
275
279
290
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
314
340
358
371
382
394
402
412
421
434
367
397
422
442
471
487
499
510
517
542
367
396
419
444
470
489
506
520
549
569
345
377
399
416
439
467
484
495
509
521
229
266
300
308
328
367
358
380
395
393
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
282
285
284
288
294
303
307
317
334
356
218
219
218
221
228
244
251
262
281
291
298
300
297
303
307
315
321
338
357
379
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
449
458
466
476
479
490
499
515
544
577
560
576
581
596
617
624
632
651
677
702
591
612
634
653
671
685
698
713
732
763
546
563
579
586
603
623
643
669
699
725
403
467
421
451
441
441
477
452
482
470
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
375
391
391
398
400
409
418
443
461
458
306
319
312
321
318
330
348
357
369
356
395
408
410
412
417
422
435
472
481
479
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
873
598
617
627
628
639
644
661
687
704
715
728
754
759
775
804
822
836
873
915
916
771
799
807
834
857
853
897
909
944
967
735
760
802
827
843
855
902
933
943
965
522
565
583
612
641
644
658
686
753
791
2010………………
824
443
355
468
874
714
915
954
979
794
See footnote at end of table.
54
Table 12. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
80.3
82.6
85.3
88.8
87.9
87.6
89.0
88.3
89.7
90.8
89.5
91.7
92.9
94.0
93.1
90.7
91.4
87.8
89.8
94.3
78.1
80.6
82.4
85.5
85.2
85.7
87.5
88.0
90.0
89.7
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
69.4
70.3
72.1
73.3
74.6
75.1
76.1
76.7
77.7
78.3
58.3
59.9
61.1
61.5
62.0
63.0
63.9
66.1
68.5
68.3
56.9
56.8
60.1
59.5
59.4
59.7
60.9
62.3
61.7
62.7
59.4
58.9
61.4
61.8
61.5
61.0
61.2
62.2
62.3
63.9
76.4
71.1
70.3
68.8
66.8
65.9
71.5
68.7
70.9
74.3
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74 4
74.4
76.3
76.5
90.1
93.3
94.0
94.8
93.9
90.8
92.5
92 1
92.1
91.3
91.0
90.8
93.6
94.0
92.8
92.5
88.1
88.8
91 6
91.6
88.6
91.4
90.3
93.3
94.3
95.4
94.5
92.4
92.8
90 5
90.5
89.4
90.5
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75 1
75.1
75.9
74.4
79.3
81.0
82.0
83.0
82.9
82.2
83.2
82 9
82.9
82.9
81.5
69.6
70.7
71.9
73.0
72.6
72.6
73.3
74 0
74.0
73.6
71.7
63.8
65.0
65.8
67.4
67.1
67.7
68.9
69 4
69.4
70.5
70.0
63.7
64.5
64.9
67.4
66.0
64.7
65.3
64 7
64.7
68.1
67.9
74.4
68.3
77.9
74.3
76.2
80.0
70.0
77 0
77.0
72.6
78.7
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
91.7
90.3
93.9
93.2
93.8
93.2
94.5
92.3
91.1
92.6
92.5
90.3
94.6
93.1
92.1
92.1
87.6
89.1
87.3
90.7
92.7
91.9
93.9
93.9
93.8
93.8
94.9
90.3
92.5
92.9
74.5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
78.7
82.4
83.0
84.5
86.9
87.8
89.0
88.2
86.9
88.5
88.7
71.6
72.5
75.2
76.1
75.6
75.5
77.2
76.5
74.5
77.4
73.2
73.5
74.6
73.0
72.9
75.5
73.5
74.5
74.9
73.6
69.1
70.5
71.6
72.7
73.0
74.7
72.9
72.8
75.4
75.3
75.1
69.0
73.8
71.1
74.6
76.4
77.5
77.8
74.8
76.1
2010………………
81.2
95.3
94.6
93.8
80.5
90.8
79.9
76.5
75.2
75.7
Year and sex
WOMEN'S
EARNINGS
AS PERCENT
OF MEN'S
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in
the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
55
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
$675
$482
$403
$521
$742
$714
$784
$773
$734
$555
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
660
653
655
651
651
664
681
686
681
677
471
460
451
439
433
432
440
446
441
440
388
370
356
341
337
336
338
341
347
346
504
490
477
464
461
463
471
475
471
469
720
708
709
713
723
732
742
739
733
725
695
680
675
667
669
674
683
684
678
669
761
749
768
769
776
784
795
798
796
801
751
736
748
763
768
772
789
787
802
801
718
710
705
719
731
736
753
743
742
732
511
510
549
543
543
573
565
569
572
567
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
666
665
670
682
679
680
678
681
698
718
435
432
420
419
416
415
412
414
426
446
338
332
323
318
321
328
332
341
358
367
460
454
441
441
436
435
432
434
453
475
725
729
729
730
727
724
719
731
764
774
658
647
642
648
638
641
640
651
670
677
785
777
766
768
781
781
773
783
797
799
790
791
795
805
823
827
822
821
828
852
738
732
735
731
728
730
740
755
790
790
554
594
575
584
558
553
531
532
541
528
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
729
734
736
735
736
727
725
731
731
751
457
462
461
459
450
443
442
446
448
449
376
376
369
368
356
355
350
354
353
350
485
485
483
476
468
459
457
473
473
472
771
776
782
784
788
777
776
776
770
787
695
709
715
704
697
681
671
676
674
689
791
809
809
814
822
816
809
809
814
830
847
853
855
857
857
835
836
831
832
852
785
786
816
839
836
828
827
844
835
855
586
601
608
611
646
635
630
636
652
695
2010………………
747
432
347
454
782
682
824
844
860
684
See footnote at end of table.
56
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
WOMEN
1979………………
$510
$431
$370
$451
$546
$557
$549
$538
$529
$476
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
506
503
518
524
529
535
552
556
558
557
421
414
416
412
405
407
416
417
416
418
365
354
343
328
323
320
323
316
326
334
441
439
436
430
425
427
438
444
444
441
537
536
553
557
565
571
584
589
593
596
549
549
560
565
569
571
581
580
579
577
539
547
560
565
583
593
605
618
627
628
526
517
547
549
557
564
584
594
600
606
516
510
531
534
539
550
562
565
561
565
441
434
458
441
437
467
486
479
496
496
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
559
571
578
584
580
577
578
583
609
618
410
415
406
406
401
391
393
395
407
424
320
320
312
305
307
305
308
325
332
348
435
437
426
429
422
413
412
414
426
448
596
604
609
617
612
608
614
625
648
650
575
579
581
587
577
572
574
578
602
614
630
635
636
646
651
643
640
652
665
658
609
621
635
654
654
659
665
670
689
698
562
566
572
587
578
572
581
586
636
643
485
498
499
498
488
501
462
471
467
484
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
624
631
640
654
661
653
649
646
646
668
435
435
444
440
433
425
427
430
425
431
358
355
357
354
338
339
330
334
326
328
463
462
466
459
451
442
446
448
450
452
653
669
688
692
691
683
678
679
678
698
624
631
642
647
647
640
630
628
631
644
659
674
691
699
701
693
697
702
690
721
714
723
729
722
721
719
712
712
716
724
643
660
695
712
709
713
711
714
720
739
496
480
521
515
551
549
551
562
570
612
2010………………
669
422
336
439
704
648
731
730
736
601
See footnote at end of table.
57
Table 13. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2010) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
MEN
1979………………
$818
$549
$434
$591
$880
$826
$941
$947
$874
$613
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
788
782
790
788
782
786
795
796
795
795
524
501
488
464
461
465
467
472
464
460
408
386
369
349
347
353
353
360
363
355
564
545
529
503
499
498
501
505
494
492
854
855
852
846
842
855
879
875
862
849
791
782
777
771
762
761
763
756
745
737
924
913
915
919
940
940
947
936
915
920
924
910
909
923
938
944
960
954
972
966
869
867
866
865
876
902
918
908
901
885
577
611
651
640
655
708
679
697
699
667
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
777
769
763
758
759
764
770
783
798
808
456
445
432
428
427
430
425
429
446
465
352
342
332
328
331
347
347
355
375
380
481
468
452
450
446
447
444
457
477
495
827
816
816
825
837
835
828
832
853
873
725
715
709
707
696
696
690
697
726
754
905
899
884
886
897
886
874
881
904
918
955
955
965
970
975
973
965
965
977
997
882
878
881
871
876
885
889
905
933
948
651
729
641
670
641
626
660
612
644
614
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
811
825
822
823
822
806
803
805
808
832
475
482
473
472
461
456
452
466
467
465
387
393
378
380
367
368
376
375
373
362
500
502
496
488
481
471
470
496
487
487
877
887
886
882
879
860
862
865
867
887
757
760
759
744
737
719
715
722
713
727
922
929
919
918
927
917
904
918
926
931
976
984
977
988
988
952
970
956
955
983
930
936
971
980
972
954
975
981
954
981
661
696
706
725
739
719
711
721
762
804
2010………………
824
443
355
468
874
714
915
954
979
794
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in
the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to
constant dollars. (See Technical Note.)
58
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$241
$248
$199
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
269
291
310
320
336
356
371
384
395
409
212
235
245
261
269
277
291
301
314
319
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
424
442
458
475
484
494
506
519
545
573
329
348
357
369
371
383
387
400
426
445
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
590
610
623
636
657
672
690
716
742
757
474
491
498
514
525
520
554
569
589
601
$615
639
658
693
708
753
784
830
861
880
399
417
424
440
456
471
486
503
529
541
2010……………………………………
747
765
611
855
535
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
See footnote at end of table.
59
-
$194
209
223
240
250
259
270
277
285
290
298
304
312
321
331
324
329
339
351
370
385
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual
averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$182
$184
$169
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
203
221
242
254
268
281
294
307
318
334
185
206
217
232
241
252
264
276
288
301
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
353
373
387
401
408
415
428
444
468
483
308
323
335
348
346
355
362
375
400
409
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
502
522
547
567
584
596
609
626
654
669
429
454
473
491
505
499
519
533
554
582
$547
563
566
598
613
665
699
731
753
779
366
388
397
410
419
429
440
473
501
509
2010……………………………………
669
684
592
773
508
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
See footnote at end of table.
60
-
$157
172
190
203
215
223
230
241
251
260
269
278
292
302
313
305
305
316
318
337
348
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual
averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$292
$298
$227
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
320
350
375
387
401
418
433
450
465
482
244
268
278
294
303
305
319
327
348
348
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
494
506
514
524
547
566
580
595
615
638
361
375
380
392
400
411
412
432
468
488
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
662
689
702
715
732
743
761
788
825
845
510
529
524
555
569
559
591
600
620
621
$685
732
756
772
802
825
882
936
966
952
417
440
451
464
480
489
505
520
559
569
2010……………………………………
824
850
633
936
560
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
See footnote at end of table.
61
-
$219
234
251
269
274
287
296
299
306
308
315
318
323
339
346
343
350
356
371
390
406
Table 14. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2010 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN'S EARNINGS
AS PERCENT OF MEN'S
71.7
85.3
86.1
88.2
88.8
86.5
86.4
87.9
86.8
85 5
85.5
83.8
-
75.8
75.8
77.9
79.3
79.8
80.2
80.0
79.4
79.3
79.2
84.1
85.8
90.3
88.5
88.8
89.3
87.8
88.8
89.4
93.7
79.9
76.9
74.9
77.5
76.4
80.6
79.3
78.1
78.0
81.8
87.8
88.2
88.0
88.4
87.3
87.7
87.1
91.0
89.6
89.5
80.5
93.5
82.6
90.7
1979……………………………………
62.3
61.7
74.4
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
63.4
63.1
64.5
65.6
66.8
67.2
67.9
68.2
68.4
69.3
75.8
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.5
82.6
82.8
84.4
82.8
86.5
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76 3
76.3
76.5
71.5
73.7
75.3
76.5
74.6
73.3
73.8
74.6
76 1
76.1
75.7
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
2010……………………………………
81.2
73.5
75.7
75.5
78.5
77.7
77.7
80.6
82.0
84.4
85.4
87.4
90.4
89.1
90.5
88.9
87.1
88.8
85.7
86 4
86.4
85.7
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/
eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)
include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not
included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified
as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data
for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data
for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available.
62
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$675
$695
$557
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
660
653
655
651
651
664
681
686
681
677
678
669
672
665
671
687
704
705
699
694
534
540
531
543
537
535
552
552
556
542
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
666
665
670
682
679
680
678
681
698
718
685
690
697
706
703
702
700
702
728
749
532
543
543
548
539
544
535
541
569
582
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
729
734
736
735
736
727
725
731
731
751
747
751
754
754
758
750
746
753
751
769
600
605
603
609
606
580
599
598
596
611
$778
787
797
821
817
840
848
873
871
894
505
514
513
521
526
526
525
529
535
550
2010……………………………………
747
765
611
855
535
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
See footnote at end of table.
63
-
$543
526
513
521
520
517
521
526
523
513
506
491
487
489
492
471
467
469
475
494
503
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$510
$515
$473
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
506
503
518
524
529
535
552
556
558
557
511
508
525
528
535
542
558
563
563
567
466
474
471
482
481
486
501
506
510
511
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
559
571
578
584
580
577
578
583
609
618
570
582
589
596
593
589
592
601
625
631
498
504
510
517
503
504
501
507
534
535
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
624
631
640
654
661
653
649
646
646
668
635
643
662
672
674
665
658
658
662
680
543
559
573
582
582
557
561
560
561
591
$692
693
685
709
707
742
756
769
762
792
463
478
481
486
483
479
476
497
507
517
2010……………………………………
669
684
592
773
508
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
See footnote at end of table.
64
-
$440
433
437
440
447
445
444
457
461
460
457
449
456
460
465
443
433
437
430
450
455
Table 15. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$818
$835
$636
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
788
782
790
788
782
786
795
796
795
795
806
805
813
805
800
807
822
826
823
818
615
616
603
611
605
589
605
600
616
591
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
777
769
763
758
759
764
770
783
798
808
798
789
782
779
795
804
802
805
821
834
583
585
578
582
581
584
570
585
625
638
-
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
811
825
822
823
822
806
803
805
808
832
838
849
850
847
844
829
823
829
835
859
646
651
634
658
656
624
639
631
628
631
$867
901
915
915
925
921
954
984
978
967
528
542
546
550
554
546
546
547
566
578
2010……………………………………
824
850
633
936
560
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
1
-
$613
589
577
584
570
573
571
567
561
545
535
514
504
516
514
499
497
492
502
521
531
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_
methods.pdf.
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)
include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not
included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified
as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data
for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data
for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. The Consumer Price Index
research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. (See
Technical Note.)
65
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college
Some
college or
associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
BOTH SEXES
1979……………………………………
$265
$210
$249
$282
$344
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861………………………………....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
222
240
248
256
263
270
278
284
288
297
266
286
302
311
323
333
344
356
368
375
304
324
351
363
382
399
409
421
430
452
376
407
438
461
486
506
525
564
585
609
19901…………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941…………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971…………………………………
19981…………………………………
19991…………………………………
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
303
307
311
314
307
309
317
321
337
346
386
397
403
415
421
432
443
461
479
490
476
489
484
494
499
508
518
535
558
580
638
666
696
715
733
747
758
779
821
860
20001…………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031…………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081…………………………………
2009……………………………………
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
774
362
382
388
396
401
409
419
428
453
454
505
520
535
554
574
583
595
604
618
626
596
617
629
639
661
670
692
704
722
726
891
921
941
964
986
1,013
1,039
1,072
1,115
1,137
2010……………………………………
782
444
626
734
1,144
See footnote at end of table.
66
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college
Some
college or
associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
WOMEN
1979……………………………………
$195
$152
$185
$211
$264
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861………………………………....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
164
175
184
195
200
202
208
214
221
231
201
217
236
246
259
268
277
288
298
304
231
255
274
288
305
317
330
347
360
379
290
318
346
369
390
414
436
466
485
507
19901…………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941…………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971…………………………………
19981…………………………………
19991…………………………………
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
240
250
256
263
257
262
268
275
283
290
315
328
337
347
351
356
365
378
396
405
395
409
407
422
423
427
442
459
476
488
535
562
594
611
634
644
657
672
707
740
20001…………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031…………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081…………………………………
2009……………………………………
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
687
304
316
325
329
334
341
358
369
378
382
420
443
458
474
488
493
500
512
520
542
505
520
543
560
577
587
602
609
628
630
756
786
809
832
860
883
905
932
955
970
2010……………………………………
704
388
543
638
986
See footnote at end of table.
67
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college
Some
college or
associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
MEN
1979……………………………………
$314
$252
$308
$329
$396
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861………………………………....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
267
286
293
301
308
314
321
324
332
346
327
356
374
388
399
407
416
423
437
450
358
389
411
422
446
472
485
497
503
517
427
475
503
518
562
590
618
653
679
705
19901…………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941…………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971…………………………………
19981…………………………………
19991…………………………………
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
349
349
351
356
342
347
357
365
383
395
459
470
479
487
496
507
516
535
559
580
542
563
555
572
587
596
604
621
643
665
741
764
791
806
826
845
874
896
939
977
20001…………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031…………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081…………………………………
2009……………………………………
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
873
406
419
421
429
446
455
469
481
497
500
591
609
617
628
645
652
678
689
709
716
691
723
731
740
761
766
796
810
830
835
1,020
1,067
1,090
1,131
1,143
1,167
1,205
1,243
1,285
1,327
2010……………………………………
874
486
710
845
1,330
See footnote at end of table.
68
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2010 annual
averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college
Some
college or
associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
WOMEN'S EARNINGS
AS PERCENT OF MEN'S
1979……………………………………
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.7
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861………………………………....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
61.4
61.2
62.8
64.8
64.9
64.3
64.8
66.0
66.6
66.8
61.5
61.0
63.1
63.4
64.9
65.8
66.6
68.1
68.2
67.6
64.5
65.6
66.7
68.2
68.4
67.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.3
67.9
66.9
68.8
71.2
69.4
70.2
70.6
71.4
71.4
71.9
19901…………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941…………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971…………………………………
19981…………………………………
19991…………………………………
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75.1
75.9
74.4
68.8
71.6
72.9
73.9
75.1
75.5
75.1
75.3
73.9
73.4
68.6
69.8
70.4
71.3
70.8
70.2
70.7
70.7
70.8
69.8
72.9
72.6
73.3
73.8
72.1
71.6
73.2
73.9
74.0
73.4
72.2
73.6
75.1
75.8
76.8
76.2
75.2
75.0
75.3
75.7
20001…………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031…………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081…………………………………
2009……………………………………
74.5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
78.7
74.9
75.4
77.2
76.7
74.9
74.9
76.3
76.7
76.1
76.4
71.1
72.7
74.2
75.5
75.7
75.6
73.7
74.3
73.3
75.7
73.1
71.9
74.3
75.7
75.8
76.6
75.6
75.2
75.7
75.4
74.1
73.7
74.2
73.6
75.2
75.7
75.1
75.0
74.3
73.1
2010……………………………………
80.5
79.8
76.5
75.5
74.1
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_
methods.pdf.
69
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years
and older, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and educational attainment,
1979–2010 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college
Some
college or
associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
BOTH SEXES
1979……………………………………
$742
$588
$697
$790
$964
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861………………………………....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
720
708
709
713
723
732
742
739
733
725
559
552
538
532
525
521
528
521
510
504
670
657
655
647
645
643
653
653
651
637
766
745
761
755
762
770
776
772
761
767
947
936
950
958
970
977
996
1,035
1,035
1,034
19901…………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941…………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971…………………………………
19981…………………………………
19991…………………………………
725
729
729
730
727
724
719
731
764
774
489
479
473
467
446
439
438
434
450
452
624
619
613
617
612
614
613
624
640
641
769
763
737
734
725
722
716
724
745
758
1,031
1,039
1,059
1,062
1,065
1,061
1,048
1,054
,
1,096
1,124
20001…………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031…………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081…………………………………
2009……………………………………
771
776
782
784
788
777
776
776
770
787
458
470
470
469
463
456
453
450
459
461
639
640
648
656
662
651
643
635
626
636
754
760
762
757
762
748
748
740
731
738
1,128
1,134
1,139
1,142
1,137
1,131
1,123
1,127
1,129
1,155
2010……………………………………
782
444
626
734
1,144
See footnote at end of table.
70
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years
and older, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and educational attainment,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college
Some
college or
associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
WOMEN
1979……………………………………
$546
$426
$518
$591
$739
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861………………………………....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
537
536
553
557
565
571
584
589
593
596
413
402
399
405
399
390
395
393
391
392
506
499
512
511
517
517
526
528
527
516
582
586
594
599
609
612
626
637
637
643
730
731
751
767
778
799
827
855
858
861
19901…………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941…………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971…………………………………
19981…………………………………
19991…………………………………
596
604
609
617
612
608
614
625
648
650
388
390
390
391
374
372
371
372
378
379
509
512
513
516
510
506
505
512
529
529
638
638
619
627
615
607
611
621
636
638
864
877
904
908
922
915
909
909
944
967
20001…………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031…………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081…………………………………
2009……………………………………
653
669
688
692
691
683
678
679
678
698
385
389
393
390
385
381
387
388
383
388
532
546
554
562
563
550
541
538
526
551
639
640
657
664
666
655
651
640
636
640
957
968
979
986
992
985
978
980
967
986
2010……………………………………
704
388
543
638
986
See footnote at end of table.
71
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years
and older, in constant (2010) dollars, by sex and educational attainment,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High
school,
no college
Some
college or
associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
MEN
1979……………………………………
$880
$706
$863
$922
$1,109
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861………………………………....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
854
855
852
846
842
855
879
875
862
849
673
657
636
626
615
606
609
594
588
587
824
818
811
807
796
786
789
776
773
764
902
894
892
877
890
911
920
912
890
878
1,076
1,092
1,091
1,077
1,122
1,139
1,173
1,198
1,202
1,197
19901…………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941…………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971…………………………………
19981…………………………………
19991…………………………………
827
816
816
825
837
835
828
832
853
873
564
544
534
529
497
493
494
494
511
516
742
733
729
724
721
720
714
724
746
758
876
878
845
850
853
847
835
840
858
869
1,197
1,192
1,204
1,198
1,201
1,200
1,209
1,212
,
1,254
1,277
20001…………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031…………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081…………………………………
2009……………………………………
877
887
886
882
879
860
862
865
867
887
514
516
510
508
514
508
507
506
503
508
748
750
747
744
744
728
733
725
718
728
875
890
885
877
878
855
861
852
840
849
1,291
1,314
1,320
1,340
1,318
1,302
1,303
1,307
1,301
1,349
2010……………………………………
874
486
710
845
1,330
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_
methods.pdf.
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert
current dollars to constant dollars. (See Technical Note.)
72
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.23
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
3.71
3.97
4.05
4.08
4.18
4.26
4.41
4.59
4.79
4.95
3.22
3.58
3.60
3.61
3.65
3.67
3.71
3.81
4.03
4.22
4.29
4.61
4.66
4.69
4.82
4.94
5.06
5.21
5.38
5.65
5.55
5.99
6.28
6.55
6.84
7.05
7.23
7.46
7.74
7.94
5.66
6.09
6.35
6.50
6.77
6.92
7.01
7.19
7.43
7.64
5.76
6.20
6.61
6.91
7.17
7.49
7.79
7.94
8.17
8.56
5.65
6.01
6.42
6.73
7.08
7.37
7.73
7.86
8.16
8.42
5.39
5.81
6.11
6.41
6.62
6.91
7.17
7.42
7.48
7.82
3.56
3.92
4.12
4.40
4.63
4.74
4.97
5.08
5.23
5.42
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9.10
9 53
9.53
5.16
5.26
5.37
5.51
5.62
5.80
5.94
6.15
6.58
6 87
6.87
4.49
4.69
4.73
4.80
4.91
5.04
5.17
5.51
5.88
6 08
6.08
5.91
6.00
6.03
6.15
6.22
6.42
6.69
6.91
7.24
7 74
7.74
8.16
8.48
8.73
8.95
9.12
9.36
9.62
9.87
10.13
10 47
10.47
7.90
8.04
8.17
8.27
8.38
8.71
8.82
9.04
9.65
9 98
9.98
8.82
9.17
9.38
9.61
9.92
10.02
10.14
10.36
10.86
11 02
11.02
8.79
9.11
9.52
9.86
10.02
10.13
10.24
10.60
10.96
11 33
11.33
8.02
8.19
8.48
8.90
9.02
9.20
9.39
9.73
10.08
10 38
10.38
5.75
5.94
6.14
6.39
6.39
6.65
6.77
6.89
7.40
7 70
7.70
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
12.44
7.24
7.69
7.81
7.90
7.98
8.07
8.24
8.65
8.87
8.90
6.41
6.76
6.91
6.93
7.00
7.05
7.23
7.57
7.84
7.92
8.07
8.38
8.47
8.66
8.78
8.91
9.16
9.66
9.76
9.77
10.88
11.40
11.83
12.05
12.23
12.48
12.94
13.16
13.81
13.91
10.18
10.67
10.98
11.25
11.37
11.76
11.95
12.05
12.50
12.60
11.35
11.97
12.18
12.46
12.89
13.11
13.49
13.93
14.38
14.59
11.82
12.17
12.46
12.97
13.23
13.48
14.03
14.39
14.87
14.85
10.82
11.37
11.85
12.19
12.58
12.95
13.33
13.71
14.20
14.70
8.05
8.53
9.07
9.19
9.62
9.93
10.15
10.37
10.89
11.49
2010………………
12.50
8.90
8.00
9.53
13.98
12.53
14.61
14.98
14.89
11.55
See footnote at end of table.
73
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
WOMEN
1979………………
$3.62
$3.19
$3.03
$3.52
$3.90
$4.04
$3.97
$3.84
$3.75
$3.12
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.45
3.71
3.78
3.82
3.93
4.01
4.11
4.22
4.48
4.69
3.14
3.52
3.55
3.55
3.59
3.61
3.65
3.71
3.91
4.10
3.79
4.09
4.19
4.26
4.36
4.56
4.71
4.89
5.05
5.23
4.24
4.69
5.02
5.23
5.48
5.73
5.95
6.16
6.44
6.78
4.44
4.89
5.19
5.44
5.60
5.79
5.95
6.14
6.36
6.68
4.29
4.77
5.08
5.31
5.61
5.91
6.13
6.35
6.76
7.10
4.23
4.59
4.95
5.19
5.51
5.76
5.99
6.28
6.59
6.90
4.08
4.43
4.80
5.07
5.27
5.46
5.75
6.03
6.08
6.38
3.38
3.71
3.93
4.16
4.37
4.43
4.73
4.85
5.12
5.14
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8 64
8.64
4.95
5.08
5.16
5.27
5.32
5.49
5.68
5.95
6.24
6 60
6.60
4.35
4.64
4.69
4.73
4.83
4.94
5.09
5.42
5.78
5 98
5.98
5.57
5.71
5.77
5.96
5.98
6.09
6.26
6.55
6.93
7 22
7.22
7.07
7.34
7.65
7.87
8.05
8.17
8.43
8.75
9.13
9 53
9.53
7.01
7.19
7.45
7.61
7.78
7.92
8.06
8.20
8.80
9 10
9.10
7.37
7.73
7.99
8.16
8.44
8.63
8.89
9.14
9.66
9 83
9.83
7.16
7.61
7.94
8.18
8.46
8.72
8.94
9.26
9.78
9 95
9.95
6.73
6.95
7.20
7.56
7.82
7.93
8.07
8.31
8.85
9 33
9.33
5.45
5.76
5.97
6.18
6.24
6.45
6.45
6.83
7.21
7 50
7.50
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
11.76
7.00
7.25
7.45
7.59
7.71
7.80
7.99
8.15
8.43
8.58
6.23
6.61
6.80
6.85
6.86
6.92
7.11
7.41
7.71
7.82
7.80
8.00
8.11
8.19
8.32
8.50
8.82
9.00
9.16
9.19
9.89
10.20
10.71
11.01
11.23
11.58
11.87
12.05
12.48
12.76
9.69
9.94
10.12
10.51
10.62
10.86
11.07
11.21
11.72
11.96
10.03
10.44
10.98
11.17
11.45
11.84
12.05
12.36
12.89
13.00
10.18
10.85
11.18
11.79
11.95
12.13
12.26
12.85
13.16
13.09
9.84
10.39
10.81
11.05
11.57
11.86
12.12
12.23
13.00
13.59
7.87
8.14
8.73
8.84
9.16
9.82
9.97
10.15
10.53
11.11
2010………………
11.83
8.62
7.91
9.08
12.88
12.04
13.12
13.50
13.68
11.18
See footnote at end of table.
74
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
MEN
1979………………
$5.65
$3.90
$3.19
$4.64
$6.69
$6.38
$7.12
$7.10
$6.59
$3.56
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
4.10
4.31
4.38
4.38
4.57
4.68
4.79
4.91
5.03
5.17
3.37
3.64
3.66
3.67
3.72
3.75
3.82
3.95
4.14
4.39
4.92
5.11
5.12
5.05
5.16
5.23
5.43
5.68
5.79
6.02
7.22
7.78
8.08
8.31
8.60
8.85
9.02
9.16
9.38
9.71
6.93
7.33
7.67
7.74
7.88
8.00
8.03
8.26
8.41
8.56
7.81
8.30
8.89
9.22
9.51
9.80
9.99
10.10
10.22
10.59
7.78
8.49
8.88
9.16
9.69
9.97
10.15
10.24
10.69
10.88
7.24
7.88
8.14
8.74
8.86
9.04
9.54
9.72
9.74
10.00
3.79
4.21
4.46
4.75
4.91
4.99
5.18
5.32
5.52
5.90
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
8.27
8.59
8.67
8.86
9.00
9.23
9.52
9.83
10.06
10.31
5.44
5.58
5.65
5.75
5.88
6.04
6.17
6.45
6.91
7.12
4.64
4.74
4.80
4.87
4.98
5.14
5.25
5.61
5.98
6.18
6.18
6.23
6.24
6.33
6.56
6.82
6.99
7.18
7.78
8.03
9.84
9.98
10.06
10.18
10.29
10.73
10.78
11.10
11.72
12.00
8.83
8.94
9.02
9.10
9.10
9.46
9.70
9.92
10.22
10.84
10.73
10.98
10.93
11.16
11.50
11.89
11.91
12.07
12.48
12.78
11.13
11.71
12.02
12.15
12.10
12.32
12.40
12.80
13.04
13.68
10.17
10.08
10.39
10.96
11.06
11.11
11.15
11.79
12.22
12.21
6.08
6.22
6.45
6.71
6.64
6.85
7.04
6.96
7.74
7.86
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
13.76
7.63
8.01
8.05
8.14
8.21
8.42
8.79
9.13
9.24
9.22
6.64
6.90
7.02
7.02
7.15
7.21
7.43
7.77
7.98
8.05
8.39
8.92
8.88
9.00
9.07
9.20
9.75
9.96
10.00
9.99
12.24
12.88
13.05
13.25
13.74
13.91
14.27
14.75
15.03
15.07
10.97
11.58
11.89
12.01
12.03
12.17
12.63
12.83
13.47
13.20
13.14
13.92
13.96
14.13
14.60
14.88
15.06
15.17
16.02
16.10
13.90
14.25
14.40
14.93
15.11
15.13
16.04
16.15
16.82
16.99
12.81
12.95
13.38
14.09
14.54
14.79
15.04
15.45
15.90
16.09
8.31
9.00
9.78
9.79
9.90
10.04
10.72
11.01
11.50
12.00
2010………………
13.76
9.21
8.09
9.90
15.04
13.10
15.83
16.89
16.45
11.92
See footnote at end of table.
75
Table 18. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
WOMEN'S
EARNINGS
AS PERCENT
OF MEN'S
1979………………
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
84.1
86.1
86.3
87.2
86.0
85.7
85.8
85.9
89.1
90.7
93.2
96.7
97.0
96.7
96.5
96.3
95.5
93.9
94.4
93.4
77.0
80.0
81.8
84.4
84.5
87.2
86.7
86.1
87.2
86.9
58.7
60.3
62.1
62.9
63.7
64.7
66.0
67.2
68.7
69.8
64.1
66.7
67.7
70.3
71.1
72.4
74.1
74.3
75.6
78.0
54.9
57.5
57.1
57.6
59.0
60.3
61.4
62.9
66.1
67.0
54.4
54.1
55.7
56.7
56.9
57.8
59.0
61.3
61.6
63.4
56.4
56.2
59.0
58.0
59.5
60.4
60.3
62.0
62.4
63.8
89.2
88.1
88.1
87.6
89.0
88.8
91.3
91.2
92.8
87.1
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80 8
80.8
81.8
83.8
91.0
91.0
91.3
91.7
90.5
90.9
92.1
92 2
92.2
90.3
92.7
93.8
97.9
97.7
97.1
97.0
96.1
97.0
96 6
96.6
96.7
96.8
90.1
91.7
92.5
94.2
91.2
89.3
89.6
91 2
91.2
89.1
89.9
71.8
73.5
76.0
77.3
78.2
76.1
78.2
78 8
78.8
77.9
79.4
79.4
80.4
82.6
83.6
85.5
83.7
83.1
82 7
82.7
86.1
83.9
68.7
70.4
73.1
73.1
73.4
72.6
74.6
75 7
75.7
77.4
76.9
64.3
65.0
66.1
67.3
69.9
70.8
72.1
72 3
72.3
75.0
72.7
66.2
68.9
69.3
69.0
70.7
71.4
72.4
70 5
70.5
72.4
76.4
89.6
92.6
92.6
92.1
94.0
94.2
91.6
98 1
98.1
93.2
95.4
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
85.5
91.7
90.5
92.5
93.2
93.9
92.6
90.9
89.3
91.2
93.1
93.8
95.8
96.9
97.6
95.9
96.0
95.7
95.4
96.6
97.1
93.0
89.7
91.3
91.0
91.7
92.4
90.5
90.4
91.6
92.0
80.8
79.2
82.1
83.1
81.7
83.2
83.2
81.7
83.0
84.7
88.3
85.8
85.1
87.5
88.3
89.2
87.6
87.4
87.0
90.6
76.3
75.0
78.7
79.1
78.4
79.6
80.0
81.5
80.5
80.7
73.2
76.1
77.6
79.0
79.1
80.2
76.4
79.6
78.2
77.0
76.8
80.2
80.8
78.4
79.6
80.2
80.6
79.2
81.8
84.5
94.7
90.4
89.3
90.3
92.5
97.8
93.0
92.2
91.6
92.6
2010………………
86.0
93.6
97.8
91.7
85.6
91.9
82.9
79.9
83.2
93.8
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in
the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
76
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
BOTH SEXES
1979………………
$12.44
$9.78
$8.68
$11.26
$14.31
$14.57
$14.82
$14.45
$13.92
$9.05
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
12.14
11.84
11.71
11.62
11.64
11.64
11.76
11.87
11.91
11.87
9.35
9.13
8.79
8.48
8.34
8.22
8.37
8.42
8.48
8.40
8.11
8.23
7.81
7.51
7.29
7.08
7.04
6.99
7.13
7.16
10.81
10.60
10.11
9.75
9.62
9.54
9.60
9.56
9.52
9.59
13.98
13.77
13.62
13.62
13.65
13.61
13.72
13.69
13.70
13.48
14.26
14.00
13.77
13.51
13.51
13.36
13.30
13.19
13.15
12.97
14.51
14.25
14.34
14.37
14.31
14.46
14.78
14.57
14.46
14.53
14.23
13.82
13.93
13.99
14.13
14.23
14.67
14.42
14.44
14.30
13.58
13.36
13.25
13.33
13.21
13.34
13.61
13.61
13.24
13.28
8.97
9.01
8.94
9.15
9.24
9.15
9.43
9.32
9.26
9.20
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
11.68
11.70
11.75
11.69
11.64
11.61
11.62
11.84
12.15
12 46
12.46
8.34
8.21
8.17
8.19
8.17
8.24
8.22
8.32
8.79
8 98
8.98
7.25
7.32
7.20
7.13
7.14
7.16
7.15
7.46
7.85
7 95
7.95
9.55
9.36
9.18
9.14
9.04
9.12
9.25
9.35
9.67
10 12
10.12
13.18
13.23
13.29
13.30
13.26
13.30
13.31
13.36
13.52
13 69
13.69
12.76
12.54
12.44
12.29
12.18
12.37
12.20
12.23
12.88
13 05
13.05
14.25
14.31
14.28
14.28
14.42
14.23
14.02
14.02
14.50
14 41
14.41
14.20
14.21
14.49
14.65
14.56
14.39
14.16
14.34
14.63
14 81
14.81
12.96
12.78
12.91
13.22
13.11
13.07
12.99
13.17
13.46
13 57
13.57
9.29
9.27
9.35
9.49
9.29
9.45
9.36
9.32
9.88
10 07
10.07
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
12.54
12.55
12.68
12.86
12.69
12.49
12.71
12.57
12.38
12.64
9.16
9.47
9.46
9.36
9.20
9.01
8.91
9.10
8.98
9.04
8.11
8.33
8.37
8.21
8.07
7.87
7.82
7.96
7.94
8.05
10.22
10.32
10.25
10.26
10.13
9.94
9.90
10.16
9.88
9.93
13.77
14.04
14.32
14.28
14.11
13.93
13.99
13.84
13.98
14.14
12.89
13.14
13.29
13.33
13.11
13.13
12.92
12.67
12.65
12.80
14.37
14.74
14.75
14.76
14.87
14.63
14.58
14.65
14.55
14.83
14.96
14.99
15.08
15.37
15.26
15.04
15.17
15.13
15.05
15.09
13.70
14.00
14.35
14.44
14.51
14.45
14.41
14.42
14.37
14.94
10.19
10.50
10.98
10.89
11.10
11.08
10.97
10.90
11.02
11.68
2010………………
12.50
8.90
8.00
9.53
13.98
12.53
14.61
14.98
14.89
11.55
See footnote at end of table.
77
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
WOMEN
1979………………
$10.14
$8.94
$8.49
$9.86
$10.92
$11.32
$11.12
$10.76
$10.50
$8.74
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
9.95
9.84
10.00
9.98
9.92
9.90
10.11
10.28
10.34
10.37
8.69
8.53
8.20
7.94
7.84
7.74
7.80
7.74
7.93
7.96
7.91
8.09
7.70
7.38
7.17
6.97
6.93
6.81
6.92
6.96
9.55
9.40
9.09
8.86
8.70
8.80
8.94
8.97
8.94
8.88
10.68
10.78
10.89
10.87
10.94
11.06
11.29
11.30
11.40
11.51
11.18
11.24
11.26
11.31
11.18
11.18
11.29
11.27
11.26
11.34
10.81
10.97
11.02
11.04
11.20
11.41
11.63
11.65
11.96
12.05
10.65
10.55
10.74
10.79
11.00
11.12
11.37
11.52
11.66
11.71
10.28
10.18
10.41
10.54
10.52
10.54
10.91
11.06
10.76
10.83
8.51
8.53
8.52
8.65
8.72
8.55
8.98
8.90
9.06
8.73
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
10.40
10.53
10.59
10.58
10.54
10.60
10.69
10.74
10.99
11 29
11.29
8.00
7.93
7.85
7.83
7.73
7.80
7.86
8.05
8.33
8 63
8.63
7.03
7.24
7.14
7.03
7.02
7.02
7.04
7.33
7.72
7 82
7.82
9.00
8.91
8.78
8.86
8.69
8.65
8.66
8.86
9.25
9 44
9.44
11.42
11.45
11.64
11.69
11.70
11.61
11.66
11.84
12.19
12 46
12.46
11.32
11.22
11.34
11.31
11.31
11.25
11.15
11.10
11.75
11 90
11.90
11.91
12.06
12.16
12.12
12.27
12.26
12.30
12.37
12.90
12 85
12.85
11.57
11.87
12.09
12.15
12.30
12.39
12.37
12.53
13.06
13 01
13.01
10.87
10.84
10.96
11.23
11.37
11.26
11.16
11.24
11.82
12 20
12.20
8.80
8.99
9.09
9.18
9.07
9.16
8.92
9.24
9.63
9 80
9.80
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
11.47
11.87
11.97
11.94
11.73
11.51
11.51
11.55
11.63
11.95
8.86
8.93
9.02
8.99
8.89
8.71
8.64
8.57
8.53
8.72
7.89
8.14
8.23
8.12
7.91
7.72
7.69
7.79
7.80
7.95
9.87
9.85
9.82
9.70
9.60
9.49
9.54
9.46
9.27
9.34
12.52
12.56
12.97
13.05
12.95
12.92
12.83
12.67
12.63
12.97
12.27
12.24
12.25
12.45
12.25
12.12
11.97
11.79
11.86
12.15
12.70
12.86
13.29
13.23
13.21
13.21
13.03
13.00
13.05
13.21
12.89
13.36
13.54
13.97
13.78
13.54
13.25
13.51
13.32
13.30
12.46
12.80
13.09
13.09
13.34
13.24
13.10
12.86
13.16
13.81
9.96
10.02
10.57
10.47
10.57
10.96
10.78
10.67
10.66
11.29
2010………………
11.83
8.62
7.91
9.08
12.88
12.04
13.12
13.50
13.68
11.18
See footnote at end of table.
78
Table 19. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2010) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and
older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and
older
MEN
1979………………
$15.83
$10.92
$8.94
$13.00
$18.74
$17.87
$19.94
$19.89
$18.46
$9.97
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
19861………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
15.37
15.10
14.86
14.39
14.21
14.15
14.40
14.26
14.00
13.75
10.33
9.91
9.50
9.11
9.12
9.03
9.09
9.01
8.90
8.78
8.49
8.37
7.94
7.63
7.43
7.24
7.25
7.25
7.33
7.45
12.39
11.75
11.11
10.50
10.30
10.10
10.30
10.42
10.25
10.22
18.19
17.89
17.53
17.28
17.17
17.08
17.12
16.81
16.60
16.49
17.46
16.85
16.64
16.09
15.73
15.44
15.24
15.16
14.88
14.53
19.67
19.08
19.28
19.17
18.98
18.92
18.96
18.53
18.09
17.98
19.60
19.52
19.26
19.04
19.34
19.25
19.26
18.79
18.92
18.47
18.24
18.11
17.66
18.17
17.68
17.45
18.10
17.83
17.24
16.98
9.55
9.68
9.67
9.88
9.80
9.63
9.83
9.76
9.77
10.02
19901………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
19941………………
1995………………
1996………………
19971………………
19981………………
19991………………
13.36
13.40
13.20
13.16
13.08
13.11
13.17
13.30
13.43
13.48
8.79
8.71
8.60
8.54
8.55
8.58
8.53
8.73
9.23
9.31
7.50
7.39
7.31
7.24
7.24
7.30
7.26
7.59
7.98
8.08
9.98
9.72
9.50
9.41
9.53
9.69
9.67
9.72
10.39
10.50
15.90
15.57
15.31
15.13
14.96
15.24
14.91
15.02
15.65
15.69
14.26
13.95
13.73
13.52
13.23
13.44
13.42
13.42
13.64
14.17
17.33
17.13
16.64
16.58
16.72
16.89
16.47
16.33
16.66
16.71
17.98
18.27
18.30
18.05
17.59
17.50
17.15
17.32
17.41
17.88
16.43
15.73
15.81
16.29
16.08
15.78
15.42
15.95
16.32
15.96
9.82
9.70
9.82
9.97
9.65
9.73
9.74
9.42
10.33
10.27
20001………………
2001………………
2002………………
20031………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
20081………………
2009………………
13.68
13.94
14.09
14.09
13.86
13.57
13.71
13.62
13.62
13.98
9.66
9.86
9.75
9.64
9.47
9.40
9.50
9.60
9.35
9.37
8.41
8.50
8.50
8.32
8.25
8.05
8.03
8.17
8.08
8.18
10.62
10.99
10.75
10.66
10.46
10.27
10.54
10.47
10.12
10.15
15.49
15.86
15.80
15.70
15.85
15.52
15.43
15.51
15.21
15.32
13.89
14.26
14.39
14.23
13.88
13.58
13.65
13.49
13.63
13.41
16.63
17.14
16.90
16.74
16.84
16.61
16.28
15.95
16.21
16.36
17.59
17.55
17.43
17.69
17.43
16.89
17.34
16.98
17.02
17.27
16.22
15.95
16.20
16.69
16.77
16.51
16.26
16.25
16.09
16.35
10.52
11.08
11.84
11.60
11.42
11.21
11.59
11.58
11.64
12.20
2010………………
13.76
9.21
8.09
9.90
15.04
13.10
15.83
16.89
16.45
11.92
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes in
the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the Household Data technical
documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to
constant dollars. (See Technical Note.)
79
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
-
$4.08
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
4.88
5.18
5.47
5.66
5.90
6.10
6.28
6.56
6.81
7.08
4.44
4.90
5.06
5.15
5.36
5.50
5.80
5.99
6.15
6.43
-
4.44
4.81
5.01
5.09
5.27
5.47
5.65
5.82
5.95
6.07
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9 10
9.10
9.53
7.33
7.61
7.82
7.97
8.11
8.32
8.57
8.88
9 22
9.22
9.74
6.81
7.00
7.06
7.18
7.29
7.66
7.76
8.01
8 39
8.39
8.85
-
6.28
6.46
6.65
6.83
6.93
7.00
7.17
7.39
7 92
7.92
8.07
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
12.44
9.96
10.26
10.71
10.97
11.13
11.48
11.86
12.08
12.54
12.66
9.34
9.78
9.93
10.15
10.19
10.17
10.66
10.89
11.20
11.64
$10.07
10.75
10.36
11.12
11.10
12.01
12.53
12.22
13.01
13.16
8.54
9.06
9.22
9.76
9.81
9.95
10.12
10.24
10.97
11.04
2010……………………………………
12.50
12.74
11.77
13.22
10.88
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
See footnote at end of table.
80
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$3.62
$3.62
$3.55
-
$3.44
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.96
4.28
4.61
4.81
4.98
5.14
5.35
5.62
5.86
6.13
3.88
4.19
4.49
4.72
4.87
5.04
5.17
5.40
5.61
5.88
-
3.78
4.10
4.33
4.42
4.65
4.82
5.00
5.11
5.28
5.53
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8.64
6.46
6.76
6.99
7.16
7.34
7.54
7.79
8.00
8.33
8.73
6.23
6.55
6.64
6.87
6.93
7.12
7.20
7.59
7.90
8.13
-
5.80
5.98
6.17
6.31
6.40
6.60
6.77
6.82
7.22
7.46
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
11.76
9.09
9.73
9.94
10.11
10.21
10.50
10.77
11.06
11.70
11.83
8.86
9.15
9.45
9.91
9.93
9.93
10.11
10.45
10.78
11.01
$9.77
10.07
10.10
10.68
10.57
11.64
11.95
11.83
12.25
12.67
7.89
8.28
8.54
8.88
9.04
9.18
9.50
9.80
10.07
10.09
2010……………………………………
11.83
11.88
11.20
12.41
10.11
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
See footnote at end of table.
81
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$5.65
$5.79
$4.89
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
6.23
6.71
6.98
7.07
7.26
7.58
7.78
7.93
8.06
8.28
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
8.27
8.59
8.67
8.86
9.00
9.23
9.52
9.83
10 06
10.06
10.31
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
2010……………………………………
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
$4.79
5.18
5.81
5.97
5.96
6.16
6.15
6.57
6.74
6.94
7.07
-
8.55
8.82
8.89
9.07
9.21
9.62
9.79
9.96
10 18
10.18
10.61
7.37
7.57
7.62
7.67
7.92
8.16
8.18
8.67
9 09
9.09
9.77
-
6.74
6.88
6.99
7.12
7.17
7.26
7.62
7.90
8 24
8.24
8.61
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
13.76
10.95
11.61
11.86
12.03
12.16
12.47
12.88
13.22
13.85
13.95
9.98
10.18
10.24
10.81
10.88
10.90
11.42
11.57
11.99
12.27
$10.79
11.84
11.02
11.89
11.90
12.75
13.18
13.22
14.03
14.01
9.04
9.67
9.92
10.03
10.02
10.19
10.84
11.07
11.83
11.92
13.76
13.97
12.16
14.11
11.73
See footnote at end of table.
82
5.03
5.37
5.73
5.81
6.04
6.07
6.19
6.37
6.51
6.66
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
64.1
62.5
72.6
-
71.8
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
63.6
63.8
66.0
68.0
68.6
67.8
68.8
70.9
72.7
74.0
74.9
72.1
75.2
79.2
79.1
82.0
78.7
80.1
80.8
83.2
-
75.1
76.4
75.6
76.1
77.0
79.4
80.8
80.2
81.1
83.0
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80.8
81.8
83.8
75.6
76.6
78.6
78.9
79.7
78.4
79.6
80.3
81.8
82.3
84.5
86.5
87.1
89.6
87.5
87.3
88.0
87.5
86.9
83.2
-
86.1
86.9
88.3
88.6
89.3
90.9
88.8
86.3
87.6
86.6
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
85.5
83.0
83.8
83.8
84.0
84.0
84.2
83.6
83.7
84.5
84.8
88.8
89.9
92.3
91.7
91.3
91.1
88.5
90.3
89.9
89.7
90.5
85.1
91.7
89.8
88.8
91.3
90.7
89.5
87.3
90.4
87.3
85.6
86.1
88.5
90.2
90.1
87.6
88.5
85.1
84.6
2010……………………………………
86.0
85.0
92.1
88.0
86.2
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN'S EARNINGS
AS PERCENT OF MEN'S
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_
methods.pdf.
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)
include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are
not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they
identified as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate
category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available.
83
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
BOTH SEXES
1979……………………………………
$12.44
$12.63
$11.51
-
$11.43
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
12.14
11.84
11.71
11.62
11.64
11.64
11.76
11.87
11.91
11.87
12.29
11.91
11.87
11.77
11.78
11.78
11.92
12.04
12.05
12.02
11.18
11.26
10.98
10.71
10.70
10.62
11.01
10.99
10.88
10.92
-
11.18
11.06
10.87
10.58
10.52
10.56
10.72
10.68
10.53
10.31
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
11.68
11.70
11.75
11.69
11.64
11.61
11.62
11.84
12 15
12.15
12.46
11.84
11.87
11.90
11.84
11.79
11.82
11.85
12.02
12 31
12.31
12.73
11.00
10.92
10.75
10.67
10.60
10.88
10.73
10.84
11 20
11.20
11.57
-
10.15
10.08
10.12
10.15
10.07
9.94
9.92
10.00
10 57
10.57
10.55
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
12.54
12.55
12.68
12.86
12.69
12.49
12.71
12.57
12.38
12.64
12.61
12.64
12.97
13.00
12.84
12.81
12.82
12.70
12.69
12.87
11.82
12.04
12.02
12.03
11.75
11.35
11.52
11.45
11.34
11.83
$12.75
13.24
12.54
13.18
12.80
13.40
13.55
12.85
13.17
13.37
10.81
11.16
11.16
11.56
11.31
11.10
10.94
10.77
11.10
11.22
2010……………………………………
12.50
12.74
11.77
13.22
10.88
See footnote at end of table.
84
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
WOMEN
1979……………………………………
$10.14
$10.14
$9.94
-
$9.64
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
9.95
9.84
10.00
9.98
9.92
9.90
10.11
10.28
10.34
10.37
9.97
9.84
10.00
10.00
9.94
9.92
10.15
10.31
10.37
10.41
9.77
9.63
9.74
9.81
9.72
9.73
9.81
9.91
9.93
9.98
-
9.52
9.43
9.39
9.19
9.28
9.31
9.49
9.38
9.35
9.39
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
10.40
10.53
10.59
10.58
10.54
10.60
10.69
10.74
10.99
11.29
10.44
10.55
10.64
10.64
10.67
10.71
10.77
10.83
11.12
11.41
10.06
10.22
10.11
10.21
10.07
10.11
9.96
10.27
10.55
10.63
-
9.37
9.33
9.39
9.38
9.30
9.38
9.36
9.23
9.64
9.75
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
11.47
11.87
11.97
11.94
11.73
11.51
11.51
11.55
11.63
11.95
11.51
11.98
12.03
11.98
11.78
11.72
11.64
11.63
11.84
12.02
11.22
11.27
11.44
11.74
11.45
11.08
10.93
10.99
10.91
11.19
$12.37
12.40
12.23
12.65
12.19
12.99
12.92
12.44
12.40
12.88
9.99
10.20
10.34
10.52
10.43
10.25
10.27
10.30
10.19
10.25
2010……………………………………
11.83
11.88
11.20
12.41
10.11
See footnote at end of table.
85
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2010) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or
Latino
MEN
$13.42
13.05
13.36
12.95
12.39
12.30
11.87
12.47
12.37
12.28
12.00
-
13.81
13.76
13.53
13.48
13.39
13.66
13.54
13.48
13 59
13.59
13.87
11.91
11.81
11.60
11.40
11.51
11.59
11.31
11.73
12 14
12.14
12.77
-
10.89
10.73
10.64
10.58
10.42
10.31
10.54
10.69
11 00
11.00
11.25
13.68
13.94
14.09
14.09
13.86
13.57
13.71
13.62
13.62
13.98
13.86
14.30
14.36
14.25
14.03
13.92
13.92
13.90
14.02
14.18
12.63
12.54
12.40
12.81
12.55
12.17
12.35
12.17
12.14
12.47
$13.66
14.58
13.34
14.09
13.73
14.23
14.25
13.90
14.20
14.24
11.44
11.91
12.01
11.88
11.56
11.37
11.72
11.64
11.97
12.11
13.76
13.97
12.16
14.11
11.73
1979……………………………………
$15.83
$16.22
$13.70
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
19861……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
15.37
15.10
14.86
14.39
14.21
14.15
14.40
14.26
14.00
13.75
15.69
15.43
15.14
14.70
14.49
14.63
14.76
14.55
14.27
14.06
19901……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
19941……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
19971……………………………………
19981……………………………………
19991……………………………………
13.36
13.40
13.20
13.16
13.08
13.11
13.17
13.30
13 43
13.43
13.48
20001……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
20031……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
20081……………………………………
2009……………………………………
2010……………………………………
1
12.67
12.34
12.43
12.08
12.06
11.72
11.75
11.69
11.52
11.31
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical
Comparability section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_
methods.pdf.
NOTE: As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)
include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not
included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified
as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data
for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data
for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Dash indicates data not available. The Consumer Price Index
research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. (See
Technical Note.)
86
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the
prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total
wage
and
salary
workers
Total
Percent
of total
wage
and
salary
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
BOTH SEXES
1979……………………………
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.4
1980…………………………… 87,644
1981…………………………… 88,516
1982…………………………… 87,368
1983…………………………… 88,290
1984…………………………… 92,194
1985…………………………… 94,521
19861…………………………
96,903
1987…………………………… 99,303
1988…………………………… 101,407
1989…………………………… 103,480
51,335
51,869
50,846
51,820
54,143
55,762
57,529
59,552
60,878
62,389
58.6
58.6
58.2
58.7
58.7
59.0
59.4
60.0
60.0
60.3
3,087
3,513
2,348
2,077
1,838
1,639
1,599
1,468
1,319
1,372
4,686
4,311
4,148
4,261
4,125
3,899
3,461
3,229
2,608
1,790
7,773
7,824
6,496
6,338
5,963
5,538
5,060
4,698
3,927
3,162
15.1
15.1
12.8
12.2
11.0
9.9
8.8
7.9
6.5
5.1
19901…………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993
1993……………………………
19941…………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
19971…………………………
19981…………………………
19991…………………………
104,876
103,723
104,668
106
101
106,101
107,989
110,038
111,960
114,533
116,730
118,963
63,172
62,627
63,610
64
274
64,274
66,549
68,354
69,255
70,735
71,440
72,306
60.2
60.4
60.8
60
6
60.6
61.6
62.1
61.9
61.8
61.2
60.8
2
2
2
2
3,228
5,283
4,921
4
332
4,332
4,128
3,656
2
3,724
2
4,754
4,427
3,340
2
2
2
2
20001…………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
20031…………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
20081…………………………
2009……………………………
122,089
122,229
121,826
122,358
123,554
125,889
128,237
129,767
129,377
124,490
73,496
73,392
72,508
72,946
73,939
75,609
76,514
75,873
75,305
72,611
60.2
60.0
59.5
59.6
59.8
60.1
59.7
58.5
58.2
58.3
1,752
1,518
1,579
1,555
1,483
1,403
1,283
2
1,462
2
1,940
2
2,592
898
656
567
545
520
479
409
2
267
2
286
2
980
2,650
2,174
2,146
2,100
2,003
1,882
1,692
2
1,729
2
2,226
2
3,572
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.2
2
2.3
2
3.0
2
4.9
2010…………………………… 124,073
72,902
58.8
2,541
1,820
4,361
6.0
See footnotes at end of table.
87
2,132
2,377
1,939
1
707
1,707
1,995
1,699
2
1,863
2
2,990
2,834
2,194
1,096
2,906
2,982
2
625
2,625
2,132
1,956
2
1,861
2
1,764
1,593
1,146
5.1
8.4
7.7
6
7
6.7
6.2
5.3
2
5.4
2
6.7
6.2
4.6
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the
prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total
wage
and
salary
workers
Total
Percent
of total
wage
and
salary
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
WOMEN
1979……………………………
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.2
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
19861…………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
38,944
39,672
39,777
40,433
42,172
43,506
44,961
46,365
47,495
48,691
23,626
24,294
24,365
24,989
26,003
26,869
27,863
29,078
29,820
30,702
60.7
61.2
61.3
61.8
61.7
61.8
62.0
62.7
62.8
63.1
2,104
2,394
1,651
1,492
1,348
1,198
1,192
1,105
1,008
994
2,990
2,778
2,561
2,603
2,499
2,356
2,125
1,946
1,542
1,056
5,095
5,172
4,212
4,095
3,847
3,554
3,317
3,051
2,550
2,050
21.6
21.3
17.3
16.4
14.8
13.2
11.9
10.5
8.6
6.7
19901…………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993
1993……………………………
19941…………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
19971…………………………
19981…………………………
19991…………………………
49,323
49,105
49,842
50
626
50,626
51,419
52,369
53,488
54,708
55,757
57,050
31,069
30,988
31,454
31
937
31,937
33,021
33,934
34,418
35,214
35,680
36,233
63.0
63.1
63.1
63
1
63.1
64.2
64.8
64.3
64.4
64.0
63.5
2
20001…………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
20031…………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
20081…………………………
2009……………………………
58,427
58,582
58,555
59,122
59,408
60,423
61,426
62,299
62,532
60,951
36,777
36,848
36,508
37,093
37,133
37,957
38,321
38,082
37,972
37,426
62.9
62.9
62.3
62.7
62.5
62.8
62.4
61.1
60.7
61.4
1,170
1,021
997
1,062
1,013
944
861
2
1,002
2
1,302
2
1,603
579
409
350
332
310
290
263
2
181
2
196
2
612
1,749
1,430
1,347
1,394
1,323
1,234
1,124
2
1,183
2
1,498
2
2,215
4.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
2.9
2
3.1
2
3.9
2
5.9
2010……………………………
60,542
37,404
61.8
1,598
1,151
2,749
7.3
See footnotes at end of table.
88
1,420
1,582
1,286
1
133
1,133
1,322
1,157
2
1,244
2
1,843
1,794
1,426
2
2
711
1,792
1,751
1
534
1,534
1,241
1,161
2
1,106
2
1,092
965
700
2
2
2,131
3,374
3,036
2
667
2,667
2,563
2,318
2
2,350
2
2,935
2,760
2,126
2
2
6.9
10.9
9.7
8
4
8.4
7.8
6.8
2
6.8
2
8.3
7.7
5.9
2
Table 22. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the
prevailing federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2010 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total
wage
and
salary
workers
Total
Percent
of total
wage
and
salary
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
MEN
1979……………………………
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.7
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
19861…………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
48,700
48,844
47,591
47,856
50,022
51,015
51,942
52,938
53,912
54,789
27,709
27,576
26,481
26,831
28,140
28,893
29,666
30,474
31,058
31,687
56.9
56.5
55.6
56.1
56.3
56.6
57.1
57.6
57.6
57.8
983
1,119
697
585
490
440
408
364
311
379
1,696
1,533
1,587
1,658
1,626
1,544
1,336
1,283
1,066
733
2,678
2,652
2,284
2,243
2,116
1,984
1,743
1,647
1,377
1,112
9.7
9.6
8.6
8.4
7.5
6.9
5.9
5.4
4.4
3.5
19901…………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993
1993……………………………
19941…………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
19971…………………………
19981…………………………
19991…………………………
55,553
54,618
54,826
55
475
55,475
56,570
57,669
58,473
59,825
60,973
61,914
32,104
31,639
32,155
32
337
32,337
33,528
34,420
34,838
35,521
35,761
36,073
57.8
57.9
58.6
58
3
58.3
59.3
59.7
59.6
59.4
58.7
58.3
712
795
653
573
674
542
2
619
2
1,147
1,039
768
20001…………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
20031…………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
20081…………………………
2009……………………………
63,662
63,647
63,272
63,236
64,145
65,466
66,811
67,468
66,846
63,539
36,720
36,544
36,000
35,853
36,806
37,652
38,193
37,790
37,334
35,185
57.7
57.4
56.9
56.7
57.4
57.5
57.2
56.0
55.9
55.4
582
497
582
493
470
459
422
2
460
2
638
2
990
2010……………………………
63,531
35,498
55.9
943
1
2
2
2
2
1,097
1,909
1,885
1
664
1,664
1,565
1,338
2
1,374
2
1,820
1,667
1,214
2
2
2
319
247
217
213
210
189
146
2
86
2
90
2
368
901
744
799
706
680
648
568
2
546
2
728
2
1,358
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.5
2
1.4
2
1.9
2
3.9
669
1,612
4.5
385
1,114
1,231
1
091
1,091
891
796
2
755
2
673
628
446
2
3.4
6.0
5.9
5
1
5.1
4.7
3.9
2
3.9
2
5.1
4.7
3.4
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability
section of the Household Data technical documentation provided at www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
2 Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.
NOTE: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in 1980, and $3.35 in 1981–89. The
minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to $4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in October 1996, to $5.15 in September
1997, to $5.85 in July 2007, to $6.55 in July 2008, and to $7.25 in July 2009. (See Technical Note for more
information about minimum wage workers.)
89
Technical Note
T
he estimates in this report were obtained from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), which provides a wide range of
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment.
The survey is conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households, with coverage in all 50 states and
the District of Columbia. The earnings data are collected from
one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be used
without permission. This information is available to sensoryimpaired individuals upon request. Voice telephone: (202) 691–
5200; Federal Relay Service: 1–800–877–8339.
Concepts and definitions
The principal concepts and definitions used in connection with the
earnings data in this report are described next.
Usual weekly earnings. Data are collected on wages and salaries
before taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay,
commissions, and tips usually received (at the principal job in
the case of multiple jobholders). All self-employed workers are
excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and those with
unincorporated businesses. Prior to 1994, respondents were asked
how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to
report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the
period reported. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly
are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition
of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the term as “more
than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months.”
Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. Most of the
earnings estimates shown in this report are medians. The median
(or upper limit of the second quartile) is the amount that divides
a given earnings distribution into two equal groups, one having
earnings above the median and the other having earnings below
the median. Ten percent of workers in a given distribution have
earnings below the upper limit of the first decile (90 percent have
higher earnings), 25 percent have earnings below the upper limit
of the first quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75 percent
have earnings below the upper limit of the third quartile (25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent have earnings below
the upper limit of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher earnings).
The BLS estimating procedure for determining the median of
an earnings distribution places each reported or calculated weekly
earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is centered around a
multiple of $50. The median is estimated through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies.
Over-the-year changes in the medians (and other quantile
boundaries) for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the overall quantile
boundary. The most common reasons for this possible anomaly
are as follows:
•
There could be a change in the relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the medians of both 16- to 24-yearolds and those 25 years and older may rise, but if the lower
earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a greatly increased
share of the total, the overall median could actually fall.
•
There could be a large change in the shape of the distribution of reported earnings, particularly near a quantile
boundary. This change could be caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded values—for example,
$300, $400, or $500. An estimate lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster, or “spike,” tends to
change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider,
for example, the calculation of the median for a multipeaked distribution that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move at the
same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively more
time to move through a frequently reported earnings interval, but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it
can move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported
interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians (and other
quantile boundaries) mitigate such irregular movements of
the measures; however, users should be cautious of these
effects when evaluating short-term changes in the medians
and in ratios of the medians.
Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. BLS has made numerous improvements
to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the years. Although
these improvements make the CPI more accurate, the official
histories of price index series are not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many researchers need a historical series
that measures price change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of the methodological improvements made since
1978 into the entire series. (For further information, see Kenneth
J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current methods, 1978–98,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999, on
the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/art4full.pdf;
and “Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index Research Series Using Current Methods,” on the Internet at
http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpirsdc.htm.)
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-U-RS
available at the time of production. Users should note, however,
that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision. As a result, the
rate of inflation incorporated into the constant-dollar earnings estimates in this report may differ from that in previous reports in
this series or in other publications.
Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive wages,
salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The
group includes employees in both the private and public sectors
but, for purposes of the earnings series, excludes all self-employed
persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with
unincorporated businesses.
90
have established minimum-wage standards that exceed the federal level.
The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair
Labor Standards Act, because there are a number of exemptions
to the minimum-wage provisions of the law. In addition, some
workers might have rounded their hourly earnings in response to
survey questions. As a result, some might have reported hourly
earnings below the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the
minimum wage or higher.
Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of
earnings, workers who usually work 35 hours or more per week at
their sole or principal job are defined as working full time.
Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates of
earnings, workers who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week
at their sole or principal job are defined as working part time.
Workers paid by the hour. Historically, workers paid an hourly wage
have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and salary workers. Workers paid by the hour are included in the full- and part-time
worker tables in this report, along with salaried workers and other
workers not paid by the hour. Data for workers paid at hourly rates are
presented separately in tables 9 to 11 and 18 to 22.
Reliability
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. Whenever a sample, rather than an entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies with the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of
the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because
of sampling error. BLS analyses generally are conducted at the
90-percent level of confidence. Estimates of earnings and their
standard errors can be used to construct approximate confidence
intervals, or ranges of values, that include the true population value with known probabilities.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. This
kind of error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to
sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information on all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in
data collection or processing.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
for information on estimating standard errors, see the “Reliability of
the estimates” section of Household Data technical documentation
on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage. The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported earnings at or
below the federal minimum wage in tables 11 and 22 pertain
only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and
other workers who are not paid by the hour are not included, even
though some have earnings that, if converted to hourly rates,
would be at or below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates presented in this report likely understate the actual number
of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage.
Research has shown, however, that the degree of understatement
is small. BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of
workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns associated with such an estimation process.
The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90, effective
January 1, 1979; $3.10, effective January 1, 1980; $3.35, effective
January 1, 1981; $3.80, effective April 1, 1990; $4.25, effective
April 1, 1991; $4.75, effective October 1, 1996; $5.15, effective
September 1, 1997; $5.85, effective July 24, 2007; $6.55, effective July 24, 2008; and $7.25, effective July 24, 2009. Data for
1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum
wage that took place during those years. Note that some states
91