Highlights of Women’s
Earnings in 2011
BLS
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
October 2012
Report 1038
Introduction
I
n 2011, women who were full-time wage and salary
workers had median usual weekly earnings of $684,
about 82 percent of median earnings for male full-time
wage and salary workers ($832). In 1979, the first year for
which comparable earnings data are available, women earned
62 percent of what men earned. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and
13.)
This report presents earnings data from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly survey of
approximately 60,000 households conducted by the U.S.
Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS). Information on earnings is collected from one-fourth
of the CPS sample each month. Readers should note that the
comparisons of earnings in this report are on a broad level
and do not control for many factors that can be significant in
explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description of
the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts and
definitions used, see the accompanying technical note.
•
Between 1979 and 2011, women’s-to-men’s
earnings ratios rose for most age groups. Among 25to 34-year-olds, for example, the ratio grew from 68
percent in 1979 to 92 percent in 2011, and the ratio
for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 57 percent to
76 percent. (See table 13.)
•
Asian women and men earned more than their
White, Black, and Hispanic or Latino counterparts
in 2011. Among women, Whites ($703) earned 94
percent as much as Asians ($751), while Blacks
($595) and Hispanics ($518) earned 79 percent and
69 percent as much, respectively. In comparison,
White men ($856) earned 88 percent as much as
Asian men ($970); Black men ($653) earned 67
percent as much; and Hispanic men ($571), 59
percent. (See chart 2 and table 1.)
•
Earnings differences between women and men
were widest for Whites and for Asians. White
women earned 82 percent as much as their male
counterparts in 2011, while Asian women earned
77 percent as much as their male counterparts. In
comparison, both Black and Hispanic women had
median earnings that were 91 percent of those of
their male counterparts. (See table 1.)
•
Across the major race and Hispanic ethnicity
categories, women’s inflation-adjusted, or constantdollar, earnings have risen significantly since 1979.
Earnings growth has been sharpest for White
women, outpacing that of their Black and Hispanic
counterparts. Between 1979 and 2011, inflationadjusted earnings for White women rose by 32
percent, compared with an increase of 22 percent for
Black women and 14 percent for Hispanic women.
In contrast, earnings for White and Black men in
2011 were about the same as in 1979, after adjusting
for inflation, while Hispanic men’s earnings were
down by 10 percent from their 1979 constant-dollar
level. (See table 19.) Asians were not included in this
analysis because comparable data are not available
back to 1979. (See note in table 19.)
•
Median weekly earnings vary significantly by level
of educational attainment. Among both women and
Highlights
Full-time workers
•
Median weekly earnings were highest for women
age 35 to 64 in 2011, with little difference in the
earnings of 35- to 44-year-olds ($734), 45- to
54-year-olds ($744), and 55- to 64-year-olds ($749).
Among men, those age 45 to 64 had the highest
earnings, with 45- to 54-year-olds ($979) having
made about the same as 55- to 64-year-olds ($997).
Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the lowest
earnings ($421 and $455, respectively). (See table
1.)
•
Among the age groupings of those 35 years and
older, women had earnings that ranged from
75 percent to 81 percent of those of their male
counterparts. Among younger workers, the earnings
differences between women and men were not
as great. Women earned 92 percent of what men
earned among workers 25 to 34 years old and 93
percent as much as men among 16- to 24-year-olds.
(See table 1.)
1
percent of male professionals. Professional women
were more likely to work in education and healthcare
occupations, in which the pay is generally lower
than that for computer and engineering jobs. Sixtynine percent of female professionals worked in the
education and healthcare fields in 2011, compared
with 30 percent of male professionals. (See table 2.)
men age 25 and older, the weekly earnings of those
without a high school diploma ($395 for women and
$488 for men) were about two-fifths of those with a
bachelor’s degree or higher ($998 for women and
$1,332 for men) in 2011. Women and men with a
high school diploma who had not attended college
earned a little more than half of what women and
men with a bachelor’s degree or higher did, and
those with some college or an associate’s degree
earned around two-thirds as much. (See tables 1
and 6.)
•
•
At each level of education, women have fared better
than men with respect to earnings growth. Although
both women and men without a high school diploma
have experienced declines in inflation-adjusted
earnings since 1979, the drop for women was
significantly less than that for men: a 10-percent
decrease for women—as opposed to a 33-percent
decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted basis,
earnings for women with a college degree have
increased by 31 percent since 1979, while those of
male college graduates have risen by 16 percent.
(Data pertain to workers age 25 and older.) (See
chart 3 and table 20.)
Women working full time in management, business,
and financial operations jobs had median weekly
earnings of $977 in 2011, which is more than
women earned in any other major occupational
category. Within management, business, and
financial operations occupations, women who were
chief executives and computer and information
systems managers had the highest median weekly
earnings ($1,464 and $1,543, respectively). The
second highest paying job group for women was
professional and related occupations, in which
their median weekly earnings were $919. Within
professional and related occupations, women who
were lawyers ($1,631), pharmacists ($1,898), and
physicians ($1,527) had the highest earnings. (See
table 2.)
•
The occupational distributions of female and male
full-time workers differ significantly. Compared with
men, relatively few women work in construction,
production, or transportation occupations, and
women are far more concentrated in administrative
support jobs. (See chart 4 and table 2.)
•
Women are more likely than men to work in
professional and related occupations. Within this
occupational category, though, the proportion of
women employed in the higher paying job groups is
much smaller than the proportion of men employed
in them. In 2011, 8 percent of female professionals
were employed in the relatively high-paying
computer and engineering fields, compared with 44
•
Of the 44.5 million women working full time in
wage and salary jobs in 2011, a little more than onethird were mothers of children under age 18. Median
weekly earnings for mothers of children under age
18 were $669. Earnings for women without children
under 18 were $692. (See table 8.)
•
Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s
earnings ratios vary by state of residence. The
differences among the states reflect, in part,
variation in the occupations and industries found in
each state and in the age composition of each state’s
labor force. In general, the sampling error for the
state estimates is considerably larger than it is for
the national estimates; thus, comparisons of state
estimates should be made with caution. (See table
3.)
•
Among full-time workers (that is, those working 35
hours or more per week in a job), men are more likely
than women to have a longer workweek. Twentyfive percent of men, compared with 14 percent of
women, worked 41 or more hours per week, in
2011. Women were more likely than men to work
35 to 39 hours per week: 13 percent as opposed to
5 percent. A large majority of both male and female
full-time workers had a 40-hour workweek; among
these workers, women earned 88 percent as much as
men earned. (Persons who usually work 35 or more
hours per week but whose hours vary were excluded
from this analysis.) (See table 5.)
Part-time workers
2
•
Women are more likely than men to work part
time—that is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole,
or principal, job. Women who worked part time
made up 26 percent of all female wage and salary
workers in 2011. In contrast, 13 percent of men in
wage and salary jobs worked part time. (See tables
4 and 5.)
•
Unlike full-time workers, women and men who
worked part time had similar median earnings.
Median weekly earnings for female part-timers were
$235 in 2011, little different than the $226 median
for their male counterparts.
•
Among part-time workers, men tend to be younger
than women. Forty-three percent of male part-time
workers were 16 to 24 years old, compared with 28
percent of female part-time workers in 2011. (See
table 4.)
rates, 6 percent of women and 4 percent of men had
hourly earnings at or below the prevailing federal
minimum wage of $7.25. (See tables 11 and 12.)
Workers paid by the hour
•
Sixty-two percent of women and 56 percent of men
employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the
hour in 2011. Women who were paid hourly rates
had median hourly earnings of $11.98, 87 percent of
the median for men paid by the hour ($13.80). (See
tables 9, 10, 16, and 17.)
•
In 2011, among workers who were paid hourly
•
3
Among both women and men, hourly paid workers
age 16 to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at
or below the minimum wage. Twenty-three percent
of teenage workers paid hourly rates earned the
prevailing federal minimum wage or less in 2011,
compared with just 3 percent of hourly paid workers
age 25 and older. Among 20- to 24-year-olds, 10
percent had earnings at or below the minimum
wage. (See table 11.)
Charts, Statistical Tables, and Technical Note
Page
Charts
1.
Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2011 annual averages................. 6
2
Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2011 annual averages…..................................................................................................................................6
3.
Percent change in constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex,
1979–2011...................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.
Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group,
2011 annual averages...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Statistical Tables
1.
Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2011 annual averages...................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.
Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages.................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.
Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state and sex, 2011 annual averages......... 36
4.
Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2011 annual averages.................................................................................................................................................... 38
5.
Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,
2011 annual averages.................................................................................................................................................... 40
6.
Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages............................................................................................................. 42
7.
Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected characteristics,
2011 annual averages.................................................................................................................................................... 43
8.
Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital status, and presence and
age of own children under 18 years old, 2011 annual averages................................................................................... 45
9.
Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected characteristics,
2011 annual averages.................................................................................................................................................... 46
10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and selected characteristics,
2011 annual averages.................................................................................................................................................... 48
11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage,
by selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages........................................................................................................ 50
12. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage,
by sex, 1979–2011 annual averages............................................................................................................................. 52
13. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2011.......................55
14. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for full-time wage and
salary workers, 1979–2011........................................................................................................................................... 56
15. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, by educational attainment, for full-time wage and salary workers
25 years and older, 1979–2011.....................................................................................................................................57
16. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,
1979–2011.................................................................................................................................................................... 58
17. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, for wage and salary
workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2011.........................................................................................................................59
4
Page
18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2011) dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages........................................................................................................................... 60
19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2011) dollars, by sex,
race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual averages...........................................................................63
20. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in constant (2011)
dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual averages....................................................................66
21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2011) dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages........................................................................................................................... 69
22. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2011) dollars, by sex,
race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual averages...........................................................................72
23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex and age,
1979–2011 annual averages.......................................................................................................................................... 75
24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual averages.................................................................................... 78
25. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older, in current dollars,
by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual averages.................................................................................81
26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages........................................................................................................................... 84
27. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual averages...........................................................................................87
Technical Note...................................................................................................................................................................... 90
5
Chart 1. Women’s earnings as a percent of men’s, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2011 annual averages
Percent
Percent
90
90
85
85
80
80
75
75
70
70
65
65
60
60
55
55
50
50
1979
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2011
NOTE: Data relate to median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Chart 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2011 annual averages
Earnings
(dollars)
1,200
Women
Men
$970
1,000
$856
$832
800
$751
$703
$684
$653
$595
$571
600
$518
400
200
0
Total
White
Black or African American
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
6
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Chart 3. Percent change in constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex,
1979–2011
-33.0
Less than a high school
diploma
-10.0
-19.1
High school graduates, no
college
3.6
Women
Men
-11.7
Some college or
associate’s degree
5.7
16 3
16.3
Bachelor's degree and
higher
-40
-30
-20
30.8
-10
0
10
20
30
40
P
Percent
t change
h
NOTE: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Chart 4. Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupation group, 2011 annual averages
Percent of total
40
Women
Men
29.5
30
22.3
19.2
18.9
20
16.6
17.1
15.5
15.7
13.2
9.3
9.1
10
6.8
5.9
0.9
0
Professional and Service occupations
Management,
related occupations
business, and
financial operations
occupations
ti
Sales and related
occupations
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
7
Office and
Natural resources,
administrative
construction, and
support occupations
maintenance
occupations
ti
Production,
transportation, and
material moving
occupations
ti
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2011 annual averages
Both sexes
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$756
440
352
457
797
693
837
866
881
742
$2
4
5
4
2
3
5
5
6
10
44,486
3,772
389
3,383
40,714
10,392
10,204
11,557
7,294
1,266
$684
421
328
438
718
662
734
744
749
664
$3
3
8
5
3
5
5
5
6
14
81,336
11,604
5,197
15,147
775
615
866
549
2
3
13
5
34,976
6,191
2,284
5,700
703
595
751
518
3
4
12
4
26,487
57,050
16,920
11,374
3,921
1,625
606
858
722
758
615
672
2
3
4
5
6
14
11,553
23,274
9,660
6,461
1,969
1,230
595
741
662
697
579
635
3
3
5
7
9
14
Members of unions2…………………………………
13,177
Represented by unions3……………………………… 14,487
Not represented by a union...................................
85,969
938
934
729
5
5
2
5,671
6,327
38,159
879
871
653
8
7
3
797
451
638
739
1,150
2
4
3
3
3
40,714
2,225
10,220
12,048
16,221
718
395
554
645
998
3
4
4
4
5
Characteristic
Age
Total, 16 years and older....................................... 100,457
16 to 24 years....................................................
8,723
16 to 19 years.................................................
947
20 to 24 years.................................................
7,776
25 years and older.............................................
91,733
25 to 34 years.................................................
24,296
35 to 44 years.................................................
23,782
45 to 54 years.................................................
25,133
55 to 64 years.................................................
15,641
65 years and older..........................................
2,881
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Educational Attainment
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
91,733
7,019
25,157
25,205
34,353
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years....................................................
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
25 years and older.............................................
25 to 34 years.................................................
35 to 44 years.................................................
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
55,971
4,951
558
4,393
51,020
13,905
13,578
13,576
8,347
1,614
$832
455
370
470
886
717
935
979
997
821
$3
5
7
5
3
5
7
6
8
21
82.2
92.5
88.6
93.2
81.0
92.3
78.5
76.0
75.1
80.9
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
46,360
5,414
2,912
9,448
856
653
970
571
4
8
15
5
82.1
91.1
77.4
90.7
14,934
33,777
7,260
4,912
1,953
395
614
955
804
849
670
843
3
4
8
10
15
48
96.9
77.6
82.3
82.1
86.4
75.3
Members of unions2…………………………………
7,506
Represented by unions3……………………………… 8,160
Not represented by a union...................................
47,811
982
981
798
7
6
4
89.5
88.8
81.8
886
488
720
840
1,332
3
3
4
6
8
81.0
80.9
76.9
76.8
74.9
Characteristic
Age
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Educational Attainment
51,020
4,794
14,937
13,156
18,132
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.
2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
9
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages
Both sexes
Occupation
Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
100,457
$756
$2
39,791
1,082
16,061
10,891
990
921
13
68
891
62
115
530
1,044
21
207
36
250
183
Total, 16 years and older……………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations and fundraising managers…………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Compensation and benefits managers………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Training and development managers………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farmers, ranchers, and other
agricultural managers………………………………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Architectural and engineering managers……………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral service managers……….……………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers………..…………
Social and community service managers……………
Emergency management directors…………………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers……………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources workers……………………………
Compensation, benefits, and job
analysis specialists…………………………………
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
44,486
$684
$3
5
20,524
941
3
1,160
1,237
1,963
1,191
–
1,164
1,408
1,475
1,021
1,579
1,166
–
1,331
–
1,211
1,242
5
9
62
44
–
26
37
146
97
52
18
–
58
–
48
51
7,386
4,440
245
270
4
40
392
29
44
138
567
14
149
12
45
89
977
1,018
1,464
972
–
–
1,127
–
–
1,543
991
–
1,273
–
–
1,026
7
11
69
32
–
–
47
–
–
76
25
–
83
–
–
56
229
882
42
33
–
–
98
464
735
98
675
8
22
91
450
12
29
800
1,268
1,228
1,914
660
–
–
883
1,252
–
–
51
57
36
38
19
–
–
75
37
–
–
17
31
467
7
314
5
7
55
325
7
19
–
–
1,061
–
599
–
–
841
1,166
–
–
–
–
38
–
18
–
–
36
46
–
–
317
277
5
2,050
5,170
921
1,045
–
1,265
1,038
27
44
–
27
10
182
196
1
737
2,946
728
973
–
1,047
937
29
35
–
48
8
25
7
–
–
–
–
13
2
–
–
–
–
130
882
38
62
849
34
226
1,015
45
118
945
34
271
176
106
522
913
1,125
1,080
938
41
58
104
23
162
78
19
406
804
995
–
912
41
35
–
25
53
893
250
39
–
–
See note at end of table.
10
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Total, 16 years and older……………………………………
55,971
$832
$3
82.2
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations and fundraising managers…………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Compensation and benefits managers………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Training and development managers………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farmers, ranchers, and other
agricultural managers………………………………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Architectural and engineering managers……………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral service managers……….……………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers………..…………
Social and community service managers……………
Emergency management directors…………………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers……………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources workers……………………………
Compensation, benefits, and job
analysis specialists…………………………………
19,267
1,269
9
74.2
8,676
6,451
745
651
9
28
499
33
71
392
477
7
58
24
204
94
1,370
1,427
2,122
1,319
–
–
1,660
–
1,170
1,595
1,504
–
1,488
–
1,245
1,368
11
14
89
65
–
–
35
–
128
63
49
–
98
–
44
70
71.3
71.3
69.0
73.7
–
–
67.9
–
–
96.7
65.9
–
85.6
–
–
75.0
196
861
40
–
81
433
268
91
361
4
15
36
125
5
10
855
1,325
1,532
1,908
734
–
–
–
1,456
–
–
120
112
66
36
18
–
–
–
53
–
–
–
–
69.3
–
81.6
–
–
–
80.1
–
–
135
81
4
1,313
2,225
1,201
1,221
–
1,406
1,225
95
165
–
28
22
60.6
79.7
–
74.5
76.5
12
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
68
928
49
91.5
108
1,129
41
83.7
110
98
87
116
1,077
1,279
1,117
1,053
59
227
89
57
74.7
77.8
–
86.6
13
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
11
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
117
Training and development specialists………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
77
Management analysts…………………………………
458
Meeting, convention, and event planners……………
87
Fundraisers……………………………………………
56
Market research analysts and marketing
specialists……………………………………………
167
Business operations specialists, all other……………
238
Accountants and auditors……………………………
1,383
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
50
Budget analysts………………………………………
52
Credit analysts…………………………………………
21
Financial analysts………………………………………
63
Personal financial advisors……………………………
270
Insurance underwriters………………………………
108
Financial examiners……………………………………
7
Credit counselors and loan officers…………………
306
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue
agents…………………………………………………
67
Tax preparers…………………………………………
55
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
72
Professional and related occupations…………………… 23,730
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
3,296
Computer and information research scientists……
19
Computer systems analysts…………………………
373
Information security analysts…………………………
45
Computer programmers………………………………
411
Software developers, applications and systems
software………………………………………………
990
Web developers………………………………………
117
Computer support specialists…………………………
434
Database administrators………………………………
138
Network and computer systems administrators……
221
Computer network architects…………………………
94
Computer occupations, all other……………………
282
Actuaries………………………………………………
17
Mathematicians…………………………………………
2
Operations research analysts…………………………
116
Statisticians……………………………………………
30
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
6
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,494
Architects, except naval………………………………
113
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
31
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
134
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
1
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
12
Chemical engineers……………………………………
73
Civil engineers…………………………………………
335
Computer hardware engineers………………………
76
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
283
Environmental engineers………………………………
36
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……
178
See note at end of table.
12
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$1,059
864
1,355
889
1,064
$144
43
33
36
63
64
27
208
71
42
$951
–
1,174
892
–
$57
–
72
46
–
1,157
991
1,056
990
1,174
–
1,737
1,239
970
–
1,024
33
30
17
45
138
–
36
47
53
–
40
101
149
852
20
30
12
22
97
64
5
159
1,029
908
956
–
–
–
–
941
939
–
829
65
84
13
–
–
–
–
31
30
–
33
920
701
913
1,029
1,305
–
1,328
–
1,277
51
62
47
5
26
–
49
–
65
40
41
41
13,139
787
2
132
7
83
–
–
–
919
1,126
–
1,144
–
1,238
–
–
–
5
23
–
49
–
29
1,558
1,017
915
1,238
1,180
1,441
1,127
–
–
1,273
–
24
40
39
94
46
97
43
–
–
87
–
179
35
107
48
49
12
61
5
1
51
13
1,388
–
951
–
–
–
998
–
–
1,326
–
41
–
44
–
–
–
56
–
–
213
–
–
1,315
1,325
–
20
149
2
316
21
–
1,140
–
–
28
–
–
1,621
–
–
1,757
1,398
1,528
1,442
–
1,336
–
109
–
–
99
50
66
36
–
33
5
16
–
2
16
46
10
26
10
34
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
53
Training and development specialists………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
50
Management analysts…………………………………
250
Meeting, convention and event planners……………
16
Fundraisers……………………………………………
14
Market research analysts and marketing
specialists……………………………………………
66
Business operations specialists, all other……………
88
Accountants and auditors……………………………
532
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
30
Budget analysts………………………………………
22
Credit analysts…………………………………………
9
Financial analysts………………………………………
40
Personal financial advisors……………………………
173
Insurance underwriters………………………………
44
Financial examiners……………………………………
2
Credit counselors and loan officers…………………
147
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue
agents…………………………………………………
27
Tax preparers…………………………………………
13
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
30
Professional and related occupations…………………… 10,592
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
2,509
Computer and information research scientists……
17
Computer systems analysts…………………………
242
Information security analysts…………………………
38
Computer programmers………………………………
329
Software developers, applications and systems……
software………………………………………………
812
Web developers………………………………………
81
Computer support specialists…………………………
326
Database administrators………………………………
90
Network and computer systems administrators……
172
Computer network architects…………………………
81
Computer occupations, all other……………………
221
Actuaries………………………………………………
12
Mathematicians…………………………………………
1
Operations research analysts…………………………
66
Statisticians……………………………………………
17
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
5
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,178
Architects, except naval………………………………
92
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
26
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
119
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
1
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
10
Chemical engineers……………………………………
57
Civil engineers…………………………………………
289
Computer hardware engineers………………………
66
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
256
Environmental engineers………………………………
26
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……
143
See note at end of table.
13
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
$1,260
938
1,514
–
–
$74
34
110
–
–
75.5
–
77.5
–
–
1,446
1,185
1,250
–
–
–
–
1,535
–
–
1,345
69
52
29
–
–
–
–
172
–
–
35
71.2
76.6
76.5
–
–
–
–
61.3
–
–
61.6
–
–
–
1,211
1,369
–
1,410
–
1,330
–
–
–
10
17
–
75
–
55
–
–
–
75.9
82.2
–
81.1
–
93.1
1,606
1,033
896
1,470
1,243
1,585
1,165
–
–
1,258
–
43
42
47
83
52
190
49
–
–
110
–
86.4
–
106.1
–
–
–
85.7
–
–
105.4
–
–
1,343
1,351
–
13
39
–
84.9
–
–
1,745
–
–
1,885
1,436
1,546
1,455
–
1,356
–
54
–
–
34
41
34
34
–
33
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
Materials engineers……………………………………
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
Engineers, all other……………………………………
Drafters…………………………………………………
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Survey researchers……………………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Social science research assistants…………………
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists……………………………………………
Social and human service assistants ………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists, including health educators and
community health workers…………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judicial law clerks………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
6
30
306
–
–
$1,374
–
–
$34
1
4
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
23
19
310
124
341
53
1,043
27
103
22
141
18
7
83
86
133
20
1
104
2
19
–
–
–
1,366
941
954
777
1,108
–
1,031
–
1,109
–
–
1,169
1,383
1,383
–
–
1,229
–
–
–
–
–
29
117
32
100
23
–
99
–
61
–
–
60
90
48
–
–
63
–
–
1
2
1
35
23
40
6
479
10
50
4
78
4
1
38
25
51
8
–
74
2
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$1,038
–
853
–
1,127
–
–
–
–
1,167
–
–
1,244
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$33
–
24
–
110
–
–
–
–
244
–
–
59
–
–
48
13
19
69
6
3
1
–
–
–
788
–
–
–
–
–
–
79
–
–
–
29
6
9
29
3
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
118
1,931
568
684
763
813
828
817
35
13
24
18
49
1,202
380
554
–
772
808
798
–
10
27
18
86
105
822
597
101
46
44
83
–
597
–
58
62
343
34
50
1,259
704
4
58
338
155
676
945
–
654
1,277
1,774
–
1,655
824
815
74
28
–
81
50
62
–
124
28
28
39
51
25
26
676
242
3
26
286
120
–
889
–
–
1,003
1,631
–
–
813
788
–
93
–
–
36
121
–
–
30
23
See note at end of table.
14
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
Materials engineers……………………………………
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
Engineers, all other……………………………………
Drafters…………………………………………………
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Survey researchers……………………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Social science research assistants…………………
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists……………………………………………
Social and human service assistants ………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists, including health educators and
community health workers…………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judicial law clerks………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
See note at end of table.
15
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
6
26
290
–
–
$1,399
–
–
$36
–
–
–
8
20
18
275
102
301
47
565
17
53
18
64
15
6
45
61
82
12
–
31
–
10
–
–
–
1,361
1,052
952
–
1,156
–
1,177
–
1,102
–
–
–
1,408
1,483
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
28
128
31
–
30
–
73
–
51
–
–
–
62
101
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
89.8
–
72.5
–
102.3
–
–
–
–
78.7
–
–
–
–
–
19
7
10
40
3
2
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
69
728
188
130
807
906
874
902
107
27
42
58
–
85.2
92.4
88.5
41
21
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
292
10
24
583
462
1
32
52
35
–
961
–
–
1,758
1,884
–
–
884
–
–
38
–
–
30
22
–
–
73
–
–
92.5
–
–
57.1
86.6
–
–
92.0
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators…………………………….……
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Exercise physiologists…………………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
6,518
925
532
2,436
1,005
364
368
38
139
13
605
94
$919
1,209
606
947
1,015
939
858
–
850
–
480
982
$7
34
16
8
19
19
52
–
67
–
15
75
4,769
399
519
1,973
575
308
205
26
118
10
566
71
$869
1,093
603
933
989
935
739
–
813
–
471
979
$7
61
16
8
24
19
25
–
39
–
13
87
1,464
56
458
8
105
109
6
35
929
1,115
950
–
1,023
825
–
–
16
107
23
–
124
59
–
–
613
21
201
2
47
25
3
5
856
–
816
–
–
–
–
–
21
–
26
–
–
–
–
–
7
32
62
123
132
46
85
47
–
–
937
954
902
–
918
–
–
–
52
46
38
–
36
–
4
9
18
75
74
26
43
32
–
–
–
887
892
–
–
–
–
–
–
51
33
–
–
–
79
45
857
–
35
–
6
16
–
–
–
–
27
–
–
5
–
–
2
5,725
5
42
69
9
195
573
69
1
14
72
146
12
10
126
87
2
–
995
–
–
897
–
1,917
1,860
1,220
–
–
1,189
1,322
–
–
997
1,075
–
–
8
–
–
57
–
28
104
532
–
–
47
70
–
–
44
58
–
1
4,296
2
9
64
3
110
206
44
1
10
62
87
10
7
73
84
1
–
965
–
–
906
–
1,898
1,527
–
–
–
1,193
1,216
–
–
1,028
1,076
–
–
8
–
–
53
–
29
92
–
–
–
58
102
–
–
56
54
–
See note at end of table.
16
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators…………………………….……
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Exercise physiologists…………………………………
See note at end of table.
17
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
1,749
526
13
463
431
55
163
12
21
3
39
23
$1,109
1,358
–
1,022
1,049
967
1,105
–
–
–
–
–
$22
37
–
21
26
67
61
–
–
–
–
–
78.4
80.5
–
91.3
94.3
96.7
66.9
–
–
–
–
–
850
36
257
6
58
84
3
29
995
–
1,045
–
1,130
919
–
–
29
–
64
–
473
72
–
–
86.0
–
78.1
–
–
–
–
–
3
24
44
49
58
20
42
15
–
–
–
–
933
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
48
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
95.6
–
–
–
73
29
872
–
45
–
–
–
22
–
–
–
1
1,429
3
33
6
6
85
366
24
–
4
10
59
2
3
53
3
1
–
1,129
–
–
–
–
1,998
1,935
–
–
–
–
1,522
–
–
966
–
–
–
23
–
–
–
–
41
114
–
–
–
–
106
–
–
52
–
–
–
85.5
–
–
–
–
95.0
78.9
–
–
–
–
79.9
–
–
106.4
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
83
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
40
Registered nurses……………………………………
2,145
Nurse anesthetists……………………………………
26
Nurse midwives…………………………………………
2
Nurse practitioners……………………………………
81
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
5
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
282
Dental hygienists………………………………………
61
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
273
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
167
Health practitioner support technologists and
technicians……………………...……………………
374
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
424
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
107
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
34
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
127
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
63
Service occupations………………………………………… 14,378
Healthcare support occupations…………………………
2,190
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
1,305
Occupational therapy assistants and aides…………
12
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
54
Massage therapists……………………………………
34
Dental assistants………………………………………
191
Medical assistants……………………………………
314
Medical transcriptionists………………………………
44
Pharmacy aides………………………………………
23
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal
caretakers……………………………………………
20
Phlebotomists…………………………………………
94
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations,
including medical equipment preparers……………
98
Protective service occupations…………………………… 2,798
First-line supervisors of correctional officers………
41
First-line supervisors of police and detectives………
101
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and
prevention workers……………………………………
40
First-line supervisors of protective service
workers, all other……………………………………
96
Firefighters………………………………………………
291
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
18
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
436
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
147
5
Fish and game wardens………………………………
5
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
653
Transit and railroad police……………………………
7
Animal control workers………………………………
8
Private detectives and investigators…………………
86
See note at end of table.
18
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$885
–
1,039
–
–
1,461
$42
–
19
–
–
44
64
28
1,937
10
2
69
$869
–
1,034
–
–
1,432
$86
–
18
–
–
39
–
861
986
981
715
–
39
43
31
24
2
206
59
191
54
–
845
992
964
649
–
49
40
26
33
644
722
21
14
283
386
632
720
22
13
588
–
24
–
96
26
574
–
26
–
744
49
89
711
28
870
486
487
453
–
665
–
579
522
–
–
37
2
4
7
–
85
–
10
9
–
–
22
6,991
1,900
1,134
11
32
28
184
293
43
14
–
433
483
446
–
–
–
582
518
–
–
–
4
5
7
–
–
–
10
8
–
–
–
521
–
21
13
77
–
516
–
19
487
757
–
1,083
25
10
–
148
72
511
11
18
480
602
–
–
27
14
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
716
1,000
–
682
1,154
–
–
947
–
–
869
116
29
–
22
59
–
–
22
–
–
63
23
11
1
116
22
1
2
75
–
4
30
–
–
–
586
–
–
–
938
–
–
–
–
–
–
30
–
–
–
61
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
Registered nurses……………………………………
Nurse anesthetists……………………………………
Nurse midwives…………………………………………
Nurse practitioners……………………………………
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
Dental hygienists………………………………………
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
Health practitioner support technologists and
technicians……………………...……………………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
Service occupations…………………………………………
Healthcare support occupations…………………………
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
Occupational therapy assistants and aides…………
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
Massage therapists……………………………………
Dental assistants………………………………………
Medical assistants……………………………………
Medical transcriptionists………………………………
Pharmacy aides………………………………………
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal
caretakers……………………………………………
Phlebotomists…………………………………………
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations,
including medical equipment preparers……………
Protective service occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors of correctional officers………
First-line supervisors of police and detectives………
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and
prevention workers……………………………………
First-line supervisors of protective service
workers, all other……………………………………
Firefighters………………………………………………
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
Fish and game wardens………………………………
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
Transit and railroad police……………………………
Animal control workers………………………………
Private detectives and investigators…………………
See note at end of table.
19
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
19
12
208
16
–
11
–
–
$1,081
–
–
–
–
–
$44
–
–
–
–
–
95.7
–
–
–
3
77
3
82
113
–
888
–
1,054
757
–
45
–
53
29
–
95.2
–
91.5
85.7
91
39
682
–
30
–
92.7
–
10
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
38
–
–
–
41
7,387
290
172
1
22
6
7
21
2
10
–
551
521
502
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
14
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
78.6
92.7
88.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
26
2,287
30
83
–
797
–
1,109
–
13
–
147
–
75.5
–
–
39
–
–
–
73
281
17
320
125
5
3
578
7
5
56
788
998
–
722
1,192
–
–
948
–
–
891
51
29
–
20
57
–
–
24
–
–
69
–
–
–
81.2
–
–
–
98.9
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
Crossing guards………………………………………
Transportation security screeners……………………
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all
other protective service workers……………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations………
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
First-line supervisors of food preparation
and serving workers…………………………………
Cooks……………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………
Bartenders………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers………………………..……………
Dishwashers……………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and
janitorial workers……………………………………
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers……………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of gaming workers……………
First-line supervisors of personal service workers…
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Motion picture projectionists…………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Embalmers and funeral attendents…………………
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Childcare workers………………………………………
Personal care aides……………………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
775
23
21
$519
–
–
$9
–
–
44
3,930
299
–
409
580
378
1,210
357
210
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
156
8
10
$474
–
–
$19
–
–
–
3
17
23
1,909
53
–
390
502
–
4
25
485
390
384
545
20
5
11
22
220
449
202
106
458
363
375
505
20
7
13
26
161
387
12
114
385
15
58
872
84
323
407
419
9
7
22
32
559
52
–
389
393
–
8
24
119
118
383
332
15
14
42
28
–
–
–
–
62
369
20
52
356
18
4
–
–
–
–
–
3,339
465
6
1,128
406
5
179
646
49
67
488
99
94
1,496
751
58
761
2,121
90
67
16
82
82
3
9
797
489
399
575
425
453
739
613
–
419
636
–
–
69
6
7
32
11
9
45
29
–
33
26
–
–
10
384
638
1
29
1,543
39
46
7
60
39
–
6
–
418
392
–
–
422
–
–
–
417
–
–
–
–
8
6
–
–
5
–
–
–
40
–
–
–
66
5
16
29
282
136
63
9
367
549
424
–
–
–
453
441
545
–
382
412
36
–
–
–
29
35
34
–
12
7
31
2
3
4
259
104
8
3
342
455
–
–
–
–
440
413
–
–
383
407
–
–
–
–
28
15
–
–
11
7
See note at end of table.
20
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
Crossing guards………………………………………
Transportation security screeners……………………
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all
other protective service workers……………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations………
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
First-line supervisors of food preparation
and serving workers…………………………………
Cooks……………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………
Bartenders………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers………………………..……………
Dishwashers……………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and
janitorial workers……………………………………
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers……………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of gaming workers……………
First-line supervisors of personal service workers…
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Motion picture projectionists…………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Embalmers and funeral attendents…………………
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Childcare workers………………………………………
Personal care aides……………………………………
See note at end of table.
21
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
619
15
12
$544
–
–
$21
–
–
87.1
–
–
21
2,021
245
–
429
601
–
7
19
–
90.9
83.5
158
761
155
104
525
406
395
593
37
6
16
16
87.2
89.4
94.9
85.2
46
–
–
–
26
313
31
–
466
–
–
29
–
–
83.5
–
77
90
392
321
17
7
–
–
10
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
2,212
502
6
80.9
113
756
42
64.6
85
1,111
114
57
732
578
51
21
9
22
43
3
3
808
514
473
572
424
562
876
–
–
–
–
–
–
66
7
25
35
10
26
59
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
81.3
82.9
–
–
75.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
35
3
12
25
23
32
55
6
26
94
–
–
–
–
–
–
561
–
–
454
–
–
–
–
–
–
32
–
–
37
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
89.6
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
177
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
42
Personal care and service workers, all other………
34
Sales and office occupations………………………………… 22,989
Sales and related occupations……………………………
9,294
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers………
2,223
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers…
702
Cashiers………………………………………………… 1,343
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
87
Parts salespersons……………………………………
117
Retail salespersons…………………………………… 1,789
Advertising sales agents………………………………
202
Insurance sales agents………………………………
384
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
222
Travel agents……………………………………………
49
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
397
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing………………………………………… 1,091
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
15
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
380
Sales engineers………………………………………
30
Telemarketers…………………………………………
69
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors,
d
and
d related
l t d workers………………………
k
55
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
140
Office and administrative support occupations………… 13,695
First-line supervisors of office and administrative
support workers……………………………………… 1,274
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
29
Telephone operators…………………………………
38
Communications equipment operators, all other……
6
Bill and account collectors……………………………
178
Billing and posting clerks………………………………
397
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
862
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
2
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
136
Procurement clerks……………………………………
24
Tellers……………………………………………………
283
Financial clerks, all other………………………………
64
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
11
Correspondence clerks………………………………
10
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
74
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
47
Customer service representatives…………………… 1,509
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
79
File clerks………………………………………………
248
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
86
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
121
Library assistants, clerical……………………………
49
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
110
New accounts clerks…………………………………
27
Order clerks……………………………………………
96
See note at end of table.
22
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$506
–
–
638
670
676
951
383
603
610
545
893
807
$17
–
–
3
6
11
21
5
33
29
14
37
27
1,144
–
887
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
101
27
11
13,977
4,069
959
214
962
38
16
733
112
201
$494
–
–
602
549
599
781
373
–
–
466
772
665
$15
–
–
2
9
9
56
5
–
–
13
81
21
52
–
30
73
38
119
884
–
757
275
–
37
991
–
812
–
412
26
–
50
–
18
262
11
204
3
40
927
–
676
–
–
33
–
51
–
–
526
781
623
80
136
3
20
64
9,908
–
618
615
–
28
3
764
10
856
741
11
–
–
–
608
607
655
–
710
–
492
793
–
–
763
–
588
632
616
423
546
–
706
–
586
–
–
–
12
10
12
–
23
–
9
142
–
–
33
–
8
52
16
25
23
–
39
–
39
25
30
3
130
359
750
1
125
16
241
48
4
8
60
34
972
70
217
53
99
38
93
19
60
–
–
–
597
605
656
–
704
–
500
–
–
–
738
–
569
632
620
416
551
–
696
–
577
–
–
–
12
10
13
–
25
–
8
–
–
–
29
–
9
49
18
22
24
–
43
–
68
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Occupation
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
76
15
23
9,012
5,225
1,263
488
381
50
100
1,056
90
183
$575
–
–
738
804
759
1,016
411
620
587
620
961
1,033
$51
–
–
6
15
11
36
10
62
41
13
25
39
85.9
–
–
81.6
68.3
78.9
76.9
90.8
–
–
75.2
80.3
64.4
149
11
278
1,269
–
953
199
–
32
69.7
–
79.4
829
4
176
27
29
1,019
–
992
–
–
31
–
31
–
–
91.0
–
68.1
–
–
35
76
3,787
–
985
668
–
42
10
–
62.7
92.1
418
833
29
89.0
4
7
4
48
38
112
1
11
9
41
16
7
2
14
13
538
9
32
33
21
12
17
8
35
–
–
–
–
–
654
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
628
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
100.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
90.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………
Sales and office occupations…………………………………
Sales and related occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers………
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers…
Cashiers…………………………………………………
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
Parts salespersons……………………………………
Retail salespersons……………………………………
Advertising sales agents………………………………
Insurance sales agents………………………………
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
Travel agents……………………………………………
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing…………………………………………
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
Sales engineers………………………………………
Telemarketers…………………………………………
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors,
d
and
d related
l t d workers………………………
k
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
Office and administrative support occupations…………
First-line supervisors of office and administrative
support workers………………………………………
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
Telephone operators…………………………………
Communications equipment operators, all other……
Bill and account collectors……………………………
Billing and posting clerks………………………………
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
Procurement clerks……………………………………
Tellers……………………………………………………
Financial clerks, all other………………………………
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
Correspondence clerks………………………………
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
Customer service representatives……………………
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
File clerks………………………………………………
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
Library assistants, clerical……………………………
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
New accounts clerks…………………………………
Order clerks……………………………………………
See note at end of table.
23
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………..……………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
Postal service clerks…………………………………
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
Computer operators……………………………………
Data entry keyers………………………………………
Word processors and typists…………………………
Desktop publishers……………………………………
I
Insurance
claims
l i
and
d policy
li processing
i clerks……
l k
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
Office clerks, general…………………………………
Office machine operators, except computer…………
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers…………………………………….
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
Animal breeders………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
Forest and conservation workers……………………
Logging workers………………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of construction trades
and extraction workers ……………………………
Boilermakers……………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
Carpenters………………………………………………
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
45
868
–
$520
–
$6
80
105
6
164
207
21
129
303
649
744
–
744
651
–
978
979
57
226
481
992
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
40
790
–
$520
–
$6
169
25
–
41
20
–
16
26
47
86
2
19
126
3
63
98
–
737
–
–
626
–
892
892
–
23
–
–
20
–
33
35
918
812
562
492
39
23
17
7
24
116
141
337
–
722
543
501
–
41
27
12
60
2,143
116
280
109
1
236
596
654
724
595
599
–
660
75
7
48
12
22
–
19
28
2,059
56
231
99
–
197
–
651
651
597
594
–
647
–
7
83
12
20
–
20
79
794
31
7
12
521
604
–
–
–
24
9
–
–
–
41
673
20
6
8
–
594
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
387
679
17
286
645
26
9,965
775
732
430
6
10
391
150
515
371
16
10
38
23
3
85
565
13
1
8
39
5,031
–
–
–
379
419
–
–
–
–
717
–
–
–
28
7
–
–
–
–
7
3
12
1
53
77
–
–
4
–
95
–
–
–
363
370
–
–
–
–
612
–
–
–
12
15
–
–
–
–
60
482
18
96
737
110
992
–
710
630
579
21
–
44
16
31
15
–
1
10
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
24
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………..……………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
Postal service clerks…………………………………
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
Computer operators……………………………………
Data entry keyers………………………………………
Word processors and typists…………………………
Desktop publishers……………………………………
I
Insurance
claims
l i
and
d policy
li processing
i clerks……
l k
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
Office clerks, general…………………………………
Office machine operators, except computer…………
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers…………………………………….
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
Animal breeders………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
Forest and conservation workers……………………
Logging workers………………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of construction trades
and extraction workers ……………………………
Boilermakers……………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
Carpenters………………………………………………
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
See note at end of table.
25
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
5
78
–
$521
–
$21
–
99.8
33
18
4
145
81
18
66
205
–
–
–
785
728
–
1,014
1,017
–
–
–
104
43
–
21
28
–
–
–
–
86.0
–
88.0
87.7
33
110
340
655
–
916
571
488
–
33
19
9
–
78.8
95.1
102.7
32
84
59
49
10
1
39
–
757
853
–
–
–
–
–
36
86
–
–
–
–
–
86.0
76.3
–
–
–
–
38
121
11
1
4
–
712
–
–
–
–
30
–
–
–
–
83.4
–
–
–
101
792
57
81.4
9,574
625
740
445
6
10
69.6
83.4
35
11
2
32
488
13
1
4
39
4,937
–
–
–
–
427
–
–
–
–
718
–
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
–
8
–
–
–
–
86.7
–
–
–
–
85.2
467
18
95
727
109
1,001
–
706
630
581
21
–
43
16
28
–
–
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
Construction laborers…………………………………
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
Electricians……………………………………………
Glaziers…………………………………………………
Insulation workers………………………………………
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
Paperhangers…………………………………………
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
Roofers…………………………………………………
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
Solar photovoltaic installers…………………………
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
Construction and building inspectors………………
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
F
Fence
erectors…………………………………………
t
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
Highway maintenance workers………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers,
and repairers…………………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility………………………………………………
Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
59
862
$651
586
$31
10
–
15
–
–
–
–
19
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
345
101
542
40
41
266
2
417
13
5
143
107
66
2
50
54
30
32
25
96
809
507
857
–
–
544
–
851
–
–
523
805
870
–
469
906
–
–
–
708
29
19
30
–
–
29
–
26
–
–
27
40
44
–
37
49
–
–
–
31
2
1
3
–
2
17
–
11
–
–
3
3
–
–
3
2
–
–
1
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
9
28
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
42
17
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
70
12
18
8
49
4,159
–
1,022
–
–
–
–
806
–
71
–
–
–
–
7
–
1
–
1
–
–
146
–
–
–
–
–
–
$751
–
–
–
–
–
–
$33
327
947
34
21
–
–
237
811
23
22
–
–
139
16
26
898
–
–
35
–
–
12
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
–
–
15
–
–
1
–
–
See note at end of table.
26
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
Construction laborers…………………………………
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
Electricians……………………………………………
Glaziers…………………………………………………
Insulation workers………………………………………
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
Paperhangers…………………………………………
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
Roofers…………………………………………………
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
Solar photovoltaic installers…………………………
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
Construction and building inspectors………………
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
F
Fence
erectors…………………………………………
t
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
Highway maintenance workers………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers,
and repairers…………………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility………………………………………………
See note at end of table.
27
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
59
846
$651
587
$31
10
–
–
18
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
343
100
539
40
39
249
2
406
13
5
141
104
66
2
47
52
30
32
24
94
809
509
855
–
–
555
–
853
–
–
520
805
870
–
–
919
–
–
–
711
29
19
30
–
–
30
–
26
–
–
24
39
44
–
–
55
–
–
–
41
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
9
28
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
42
17
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
69
12
17
8
49
4,013
–
1,010
–
–
–
–
807
–
83
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
93.1
306
936
38
–
215
812
22
–
127
15
25
883
–
–
33
–
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
14
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
El t i l power-line
Electrical
li iinstallers
t ll
and
d repairers………
i
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Wind turbine service technicians……………………
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
Commercial divers……………………………………
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
14
–
–
–
–
–
32
44
143
107
11
653
–
–
$988
624
–
714
–
–
$38
28
–
18
2
–
4
1
–
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
286
801
21
1
–
–
182
32
822
–
38
–
3
1
–
–
–
–
73
25
463
–
33
–
2
1
–
–
–
–
281
27
425
359
34
57
111
192
62
2
793
–
868
758
–
892
1 116
1,116
915
898
–
27
–
30
18
–
29
47
55
48
–
1
4
10
11
3
1
–
7
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
29
1
17
7
15
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
1
–
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
18
–
–
1
–
–
149
671
46
12
–
–
609
605
3
4
2,603
1,817
$485
483
$5
6
888
25
124
665
38
–
–
7
–
–
521
–
–
519
448
27
–
–
9
17
73
4
1
285
63
449
–
–
479
416
20
–
–
14
28
504
9
66
479
13
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations………………………………………………… 13,333
Production occupations……………………………………
7,058
First-line supervisors of production and
operating workers……………………………………
654
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
19
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
148
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
30
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
33
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
758
Bakers…………………………………………………
125
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
281
See note at end of table.
28
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
El t i l power-line
Electrical
li iinstallers
t ll
and
d repairers………
i
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Wind turbine service technicians……………………
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
Commercial divers……………………………………
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
29
Standard
error of
median
14
–
–
–
30
44
139
107
10
645
–
–
$990
625
–
718
–
–
$38
29
–
19
–
–
–
–
–
–
286
802
21
–
179
31
822
–
38
–
–
–
71
24
463
–
33
–
–
–
279
23
415
347
31
56
111
185
52
2
795
–
870
756
–
897
1 116
1,116
926
914
–
27
–
31
18
–
28
47
56
44
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
27
1
17
7
12
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
–
–
–
137
718
55
–
651
667
5
7
74.5
72.4
929
24
71.6
–
–
–
591
–
–
566
471
24
–
–
22
20
76.0
–
–
84.6
88.3
515
11
93.0
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations………………………………………………… 10,730
Production occupations……………………………………
5,241
First-line supervisors of production and
operating workers……………………………………
530
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
13
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
75
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
25
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
31
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
473
Bakers…………………………………………………
63
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
215
See note at end of table.
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
Food batchmakers……………………………………
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………
Food processing workers, all other…………………
Computer control programmers and operators……
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Machinists………………………………………………
M t l ffurnace operators,
Metal
t
tenders,
t d
pourers, and
d
casters………………………………………………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Layout workers, metal and plastic……………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing press operators………………………………
Print binding and finishing workers…………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
7
63
17
104
70
–
$554
–
534
770
–
$28
–
20
52
3
28
5
25
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11
–
–
2
–
–
5
–
–
1
–
–
9
–
–
2
–
–
92
591
23
15
–
–
5
–
–
1
–
–
60
643
60
3
–
–
15
–
–
–
–
–
3
393
–
755
–
20
–
16
–
–
–
–
19
–
–
1
–
–
4
–
–
1
–
–
47
–
–
12
–
–
3
61
461
–
920
679
–
48
21
–
2
36
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
8
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
15
6
356
30
186
13
115
37
112
8
2
46
–
–
561
–
613
–
412
–
403
–
–
–
–
–
19
–
23
–
20
–
17
–
–
–
2
–
81
16
31
6
64
24
84
1
1
33
–
–
$517
–
–
–
386
–
398
–
–
–
–
–
$31
–
–
–
25
–
18
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
–
–
6
–
–
2
–
–
See note at end of table.
30
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
Food batchmakers……………………………………
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………
Food processing workers, all other…………………
Computer control programmers and operators……
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Machinists………………………………………………
M t l ffurnace operators,
Metal
t
tenders,
t d
pourers, and
d
casters………………………………………………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Layout workers, metal and plastic……………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing press operators………………………………
Print binding and finishing workers…………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
See note at end of table.
31
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
5
35
12
78
65
–
–
–
$544
781
–
–
–
$22
55
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
78
608
24
–
4
–
–
–
57
641
58
–
15
–
–
–
3
377
–
767
–
20
–
–
18
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
35
–
–
–
3
59
426
–
930
695
–
48
21
–
–
–
4
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
13
6
275
14
155
7
52
13
28
7
1
13
–
–
583
–
646
–
447
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
–
31
–
32
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
88.7
–
–
–
86.4
–
–
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
4
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Model makers and patternmakers, wood……………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and wastewater treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators,
t
and
d tenders………………………………
t d
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders…
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Tire builders……………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
8
–
–
6
–
–
19
–
–
11
–
–
2
5
34
15
42
11
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
4
5
1
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
31
–
–
1
–
–
17
10
–
–
–
–
2
2
–
–
–
–
53
93
$1,091
855
$101
39
1
1
–
–
–
–
75
37
780
–
57
–
5
3
–
–
–
–
66
853
68
14
–
–
94
69
659
518
46
27
12
13
–
–
–
–
31
–
–
3
–
–
11
–
–
–
–
–
608
14
675
–
20
–
212
7
$541
–
$18
–
68
612
26
34
–
–
259
111
455
602
22
33
139
12
421
–
12
–
24
4
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
13
1
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
13
–
–
3
–
–
3
7
–
–
–
–
–
2
–
–
–
–
21
–
–
6
–
–
31
17
–
–
–
–
8
1
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
32
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Occupation
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Model makers and patternmakers, wood……………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and wastewater treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators,
t
and
d tenders………………………………
t d
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders…
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Tire builders……………………………………………
See note at end of table.
33
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
2
–
–
–
8
–
–
–
2
2
30
9
41
9
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
30
–
–
–
15
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
52
92
$1,085
851
$175
39
–
–
70
34
788
–
64
–
–
–
52
947
95
–
82
55
702
540
42
38
–
–
28
–
–
–
11
–
–
–
396
7
792
–
39
–
68.3
–
34
–
–
–
120
99
505
608
25
36
83.4
–
10
3
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
3
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
–
–
–
23
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
45
652
6,275
–
$579
614
–
$11
5
208
93
761
1,461
40
52
Helpers—production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors of transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Flight attendants………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
P ki llott attendants…………………………………
Parking
tt d t
Automotive and watercraft service attendants………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Mine shuttle car operators……………………………
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
6
151
786
–
$483
490
–
$15
11
25
221
38
4
–
–
–
–
–
791
–
45
5
38
–
–
–
–
9
310
2,439
207
28
43
6
48
–
608
705
553
–
–
–
–
–
14
8
31
–
–
–
–
–
122
102
29
1
2
–
3
–
579
511
–
–
–
–
–
–
17
32
–
–
–
–
–
14
23
35
6
7
46
42
32
13
15
5
63
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
739
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
2
–
–
–
–
5
2
5
8
1
3
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
37
5
491
230
–
–
562
465
–
–
11
23
–
2
35
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,260
32
300
26
58
1
3
45
509
–
397
–
541
–
–
–
7
–
10
–
153
–
–
–
175
5
165
–
3
1
–
3
416
–
397
–
–
–
–
–
13
–
15
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
34
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Occupation
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
40
502
5,489
–
$612
634
–
$13
7
–
78.9
77.3
170
89
773
1,466
64
235
–
–
35
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
188
2,337
178
26
42
6
45
–
645
712
576
–
–
–
–
–
31
8
33
–
–
–
–
–
89.8
71.8
–
–
–
–
–
12
23
35
6
7
40
40
28
5
14
2
62
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
736
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
37
3
456
206
–
–
556
458
–
–
11
25
–
–
–
–
1,085
27
135
26
56
–
2
42
520
–
396
–
580
–
–
–
7
–
13
–
41
–
–
–
80.0
–
100.3
–
–
–
–
–
Helpers—production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors of transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Flight attendants………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
P ki llott attendants…………………………………
Parking
tt d t
Automotive and watercraft service attendants………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Mine shuttle car operators……………………………
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
NOTE: Median earnings not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percent
of men's not shown where employment for either the numerator or the denominator is less than 50,000.
Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
35
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state and
sex, 2011 annual averages
Both sexes
State
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
United States................................... 100,457
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$756
$2
44,486
$684
$3
Alabama.......................................
Alaska...........................................
Arizona.........................................
Arkansas.......................................
California......................................
1,476
254
1,984
923
10,981
680
822
741
617
794
14
18
12
10
9
675
110
866
419
4,614
595
730
694
567
751
13
16
25
19
9
Colorado.......................................
Connecticut...................................
Delaware......................................
District of Columbia......................
Florida...........................................
1,724
1,197
309
253
6,041
845
988
768
1,046
736
17
24
18
37
6
716
526
144
127
2,869
740
878
719
950
668
16
33
22
25
9
Georgia.........................................
Hawaii...........................................
Idaho.............................................
Illinois............................................
Indiana..........................................
3,250
422
450
4,293
2,125
723
738
700
784
708
13
15
13
11
13
1,504
201
178
1,878
881
641
657
604
691
607
14
16
10
18
12
Iowa..............................................
Kansas..........................................
Kentucky.......................................
Louisiana......................................
Maine............................................
1,080
1,020
1,368
1,423
418
721
722
688
709
714
13
13
15
23
14
489
453
633
633
191
656
640
613
592
636
16
19
14
13
19
Maryland.......................................
Massachusetts..............................
Michigan.......................................
Minnesota.....................................
Mississippi....................................
2,146
2,190
2,857
1,835
887
885
956
781
833
644
24
16
11
18
13
1,014
959
1,252
794
418
815
853
685
743
582
25
18
18
18
17
Missouri........................................
Montana........................................
Nebraska......................................
Nevada.........................................
New Hampshire............................
2,036
288
659
841
482
733
623
701
697
862
13
12
14
13
18
955
135
301
364
213
628
564
631
650
748
15
13
21
16
19
New Jersey...................................
New Mexico..................................
New York......................................
North Carolina..............................
North Dakota................................
3,090
576
6,552
2,954
249
926
734
826
687
718
15
12
10
13
14
1,373
253
3,005
1,373
109
831
649
760
630
621
20
16
8
11
12
Ohio..............................................
Oklahoma.....................................
Oregon..........................................
Pennsylvania................................
Rhode Island................................
3,674
1,237
1,167
4,242
343
742
677
774
760
830
8
15
19
8
21
1,602
534
511
1,858
159
669
601
701
680
746
13
13
16
12
27
South Carolina..............................
South Dakota................................
Tennessee....................................
Texas............................................
Utah..............................................
1,396
286
2,059
8,634
880
650
660
655
680
718
15
12
13
7
11
660
133
919
3,694
336
585
602
605
619
615
13
9
12
8
13
Vermont........................................
Virginia..........................................
Washington..................................
West Virginia................................
Wisconsin.....................................
Wyoming......................................
221
2,926
2,126
559
1,873
201
753
831
877
695
763
788
12
19
21
15
13
16
99
1,317
877
242
840
79
704
745
743
595
693
638
17
16
18
13
23
17
36
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers,
by state and sex, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Women's
earnings as a
percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
United States......................................
55,971
$832
$3
82.2
Alabama..........................................
Alaska.............................................
Arizona............................................
Arkansas.........................................
California.........................................
801
144
1,117
504
6,367
753
967
784
675
835
19
24
21
20
15
79.0
75.5
88.5
84.0
89.9
Colorado.........................................
Connecticut.....................................
Delaware.........................................
District of Columbia........................
Florida.............................................
1,008
671
165
126
3,172
930
1,106
844
1,151
797
20
49
29
22
14
79.6
79.4
85.2
82.5
83.8
Georgia...........................................
Hawaii.............................................
Idaho...............................................
Illinois..............................................
Indiana............................................
1,746
221
271
2,415
1,244
800
842
769
889
799
19
29
19
18
24
80.1
78.0
78.5
77.7
76.0
Iowa.................................................
Kansas............................................
Kentucky.........................................
Louisiana........................................
Maine..............................................
591
566
735
790
227
799
811
747
862
795
22
20
14
33
24
82.1
78.9
82.1
68.7
80.0
Maryland.........................................
Massachusetts................................
Michigan..........................................
Minnesota.......................................
Mississippi......................................
1,132
1,231
1,605
1,042
469
963
1,058
867
921
716
27
19
22
21
25
84.6
80.6
79.0
80.7
81.3
Missouri...........................................
Montana..........................................
Nebraska........................................
Nevada............................................
New Hampshire..............................
1,081
153
358
477
269
841
725
755
735
977
20
21
19
15
25
74.7
77.8
83.6
88.4
76.6
New Jersey.....................................
New Mexico....................................
New York........................................
North Carolina................................
North Dakota...................................
1,717
323
3,547
1,581
140
997
774
894
751
810
22
18
15
14
25
83.4
83.9
85.0
83.9
76.7
Ohio................................................
Oklahoma.......................................
Oregon............................................
Pennsylvania..................................
Rhode Island...................................
2,072
703
656
2,384
183
800
765
877
833
917
14
16
23
15
30
83.6
78.6
79.9
81.6
81.4
South Carolina................................
South Dakota..................................
Tennessee......................................
Texas..............................................
Utah................................................
736
152
1,140
4,940
544
742
730
712
730
847
23
16
19
9
32
78.8
82.5
85.0
84.8
72.6
Vermont..........................................
Virginia............................................
Washington.....................................
West Virginia..................................
Wisconsin.......................................
Wyoming.........................................
122
1,610
1,249
317
1,033
122
819
925
997
797
829
915
29
25
21
26
23
20
86.0
80.5
74.5
74.7
83.6
69.7
State
State
Standard
error of
median
NOTE: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national
estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
37
part-time
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part
time wage and salary workers, by selected
characteristics 2011 annual averages
characteristics,
Both sexes
Women
Number of
workers
orkers
((in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
orkers
((in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Total,
T
t l 16 years and
d older.......................................
ld
16 to 24 years.....................................................
years
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
y
25 years and older..............................................
older
25 to 34 years.................................................
years
y
35 to 44 years.................................................
years
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to
t 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
24,502
24
502
8,151
3 265
3,265
4,886
16 352
16,352
4 337
4,337
,
3,399
3 510
3,510
3,077
3 077
2,027
$232
173
140
199
273
263
296
291
280
227
$1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
5
15,903
15
903
4,481
1 792
1,792
2,689
11 422
11,422
2 804
2,804
,
2,591
2 695
2,695
2,229
2 229
1,102
$235
170
136
197
271
260
294
286
277
210
$2
2
3
3
2
4
5
5
5
6
Race and Hispanic
p
or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
White
Black or African American.....................................
Asian
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
ethnicity
20,233
20 233
2,626
950
3 560
3,560
233
220
255
229
1
3
6
3
13,280
13 280
1,607
595
2 038
2,038
237
220
254
222
2
4
8
3
11,199
9 851
9,851
3,452
1 894
1,894
866
692
193
290
245
262
238
216
1
3
3
5
6
6
6,074
7 242
7,242
2,587
1 415
1,415
575
596
190
290
241
261
231
212
2
3
4
6
7
7
Characteristic
Age
g
Marital Status
Never married........................................................
Married spouse present........................................
Married,
present
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
S
Separated...........................................................
t d
Widowed.............................................................
See note at end of table
table.
38
part-time
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part
time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics
characteristics, 2011 annual averages
averages—cont
cont'd
d
Men
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Number of
workers
orkers
((in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Total,
T
t l 16 years and
d older.......................................
ld
16 to 24 years.....................................................
years
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
y
25 years and older..............................................
older
25 to 34 years.................................................
years
y
35 to 44 years.................................................
years
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to
t 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
8,599
8
599
3,670
1 473
1,473
2,197
4 930
4,930
1 533
1,533
808
815
848
925
$226
177
145
201
278
268
300
305
287
248
$2
2
3
3
3
4
8
8
8
7
104.0
104
0
96.0
93 8
93.8
98.0
97 5
97.5
97 0
97.0
98.0
93 8
93.8
96.5
96 5
84.7
Race and Hispanic
p
or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
White
Black or African American.....................................
Asian
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
ethnicity
6,953
6 953
1,018
355
1 522
1,522
226
220
258
239
2
5
10
4
104.9
104 9
100.0
98 4
98.4
92 9
92.9
5,126
2 609
2,609
865
479
291
96
197
292
257
265
250
249
2
4
6
9
9
19
96.4
99 3
99.3
93.8
98 5
98.5
92 4
92.4
85.1
Characteristic
Age
g
Marital Status
Never married........................................................
Married spouse present........................................
Married,
present
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
S
Separated...........................................................
t d
Widowed.............................................................
g p listed (White,
(
, Black or African American,, and Asian)) do not sum
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups
races Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
to totals because data are not presented for all races.
or Latino may be of any race.
race
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
39
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,
2011 annual averages
Both sexes
Hours of work
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
h
d )
y
,
Total,, 16 years
and older....................................... 125,187
Women
Median
M
di
weeklyy
earnings
Standard
St
d d
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
h
d )
Median
M
di
weeklyy
earnings
Standard
St
d d
error of
median
$
$642
$
$2
,
60,502
$
$565
$
$3
1 to 34 hours.......................................................
1 to 4 hours.....................................................
5 to 9 hours.....................................................
hours
t 14 hours.................................................
h
10 to
15
5 to 19
9 hours.................................................
ou s
20 to 24 hours.................................................
hours
25 to
t 29 hours.................................................
h
30 to 34 hours.................................................
21,989
564
1,219
1 219
1 881
1,881
2,666
,666
6,381
6 381
3 105
3,105
6,173
,
236
62
74
113
157
5
215
264
342
1
3
2
1
2
1
2
3
14,371
374
790
1 241
1,241
1,726
, 6
4,226
4 226
2 008
2,008
4,006
,
241
61
76
114
159
59
222
268
351
2
3
3
1
2
2
3
4
35 or more hours................................................
h
35 to 39 hours.................................................
hours
40 hours..........................................................
41 or more hours.............................................
h
41 to 44 hours..............................................
45 to 48 hours..............................................
hours
49 to
t 59 hours..............................................
h
60 or more hours.........................................
95,423
95 423
8,185
67 749
67,749
19,489
19 489
1,101
,
5 278
5,278
8,847
8 847
4,263
,
761
494
712
1,158
1 158
872
1 033
1,033
1,235
1 235
1,313
,
2
5
2
5
17
10
9
24
42,571
42 571
5,457
31 096
31,096
6,018
6 018
428
1 880
1,880
2,696
2 696
1,015
,
691
510
666
1,050
1 050
796
977
1,148
1 148
1,160
,
3
5
3
10
20
14
12
19
7,775
7 775
2,513
,
5 034
5,034
405
192
612
6
4
9
3,560
3 560
1,532
,
1 915
1,915
302
188
467
6
4
12
Hours
vary…………………………………………
H
Usually
y less than 35 hours………………………
Usually 35 or more hours
hours………………………
See note at end of table
table.
40
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours
cont'd
usually worked and sex
sex, 2011 annual averages
averages—cont
d
Men
W
'
Women's
earnings
g as
a percent of
men's
men
s
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
h
d )
Median
M
di
weeklyy
earnings
Standard
St
d d
error of
median
y
Total,, 16 years
and older.......................................
,
64,686
$
$741
$
$3
76.2
1 to 34 hours.......................................................
1 to 4 hours.....................................................
5 to 9 hours.....................................................
hours
t 14 hours.................................................
h
10 to
15
5 to 19
9 hours.................................................
ou s
20 to 24 hours.................................................
hours
25 to
t 29 hours.................................................
h
30 to 34 hours.................................................
7,618
191
429
640
940
9
0
2,155
2 155
1 098
1,098
2,167
,
229
63
71
112
155
55
203
255
324
2
5
2
2
3
2
4
4
105.2
96.8
107.0
107 0
101 8
101.8
102.6
0 6
109.4
109 4
105 1
105.1
108.3
35 or more hours................................................
h
35 to 39 hours.................................................
hours
40 hours..........................................................
41 or more hours.............................................
h
41 to 44 hours..............................................
45 to 48 hours..............................................
hours
49 to
t 59 hours..............................................
h
60 or more hours.........................................
52,852
52 852
2,728
36 653
36,653
13,471
13 471
674
3 398
3,398
6,151
6 151
3,247
,
838
464
753
1,210
1 210
924
1 073
1,073
1,268
1 268
1,351
,
4
7
3
10
27
15
14
18
82.5
82 5
109.9
88 4
88.4
86.8
86 8
86.1
91 1
91.1
90.5
90 5
85.9
4,216
4 216
981
3 119
3,119
540
199
716
15
6
14
55.9
55 9
94.5
65 2
65.2
Hours of work
Hours
vary…………………………………………
H
Usually
y less than 35 hours………………………
Usually 35 or more hours
hours………………………
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full
full-time
time and part-time
part time workers.
workers Estimates for the
"hours
hours vary"
vary groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of
multiple jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.
identifiable
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
41
Table 6. Quartiles and selected deciles of usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary
workers, by selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages
Upper limit of:
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
First
decile
First
quartile
Second
quartile
(median)
Third
quartile
Ninth
decile
Total, 16 years and older.............................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
100,457
44,486
55,971
$358
340
378
$499
470
529
$756
684
832
$1,173
1,023
1,317
$1,802
1,515
1,924
White...........................................................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
81,336
34,976
46,360
365
345
382
510
480
548
775
703
856
1,205
1,050
1,345
1,846
1,537
1,985
Black or African American...........................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
11,604
6,191
5,414
326
317
338
423
411
446
615
595
653
923
860
980
1,363
1,264
1,436
Asian...........................................................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
5,197
2,284
2,912
378
354
395
534
498
592
866
751
970
1,411
1,184
1,586
2,023
1,769
2,294
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity..........................
Women....................................................
Men..........................................................
15,147
5,700
9,448
307
296
314
388
373
397
549
518
571
841
773
887
1,270
1,157
1,351
Total, 25 years and older.............................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school graduates, no college...........
Some college or associate's degree.........
Bachelor's degree and higher...................
91,733
7,019
25,157
25,205
34,353
380
288
349
387
571
528
346
464
519
783
797
451
638
739
1,150
1,228
616
919
1,063
1,743
1,867
862
1,266
1,476
2,475
Women, 25 years and older........................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school graduates, no college...........
Some college or associate's degree.........
Bachelor's degree and higher...................
40,714
2,225
10,220
12,048
16,221
358
269
322
360
524
493
316
409
479
726
718
395
554
645
998
1,070
516
748
913
1,443
1,556
677
1,015
1,237
2,001
Men, 25 years and older..............................
Less than a high school diploma..............
High school graduates, no college...........
Some college or associate's degree.........
Bachelor's degree and higher...................
51,020
4,794
14,937
13,156
18,132
399
299
381
420
607
581
368
508
589
888
886
488
720
840
1,332
1,371
674
1,023
1,195
1,913
2,009
950
1,419
1,645
2,882
Characteristic
Sex, Race, and Hispanic
or Latino Ethnicity
Educational Attainment
NOTE: Ten percent of all full-time wage and salary workers earn less than the upper limit of the first decile; 25 percent earn
less than the upper limit of the first quartile; 50 percent earn less than the upper limit of the second quartile, or median; 75
percent earn less than the upper limit of the third quartile; and 90 percent earn less than the upper limit of the ninth decile.
Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
42
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2011 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.00
$1,500.00
or more
Age and Sex
Total, 16 years and older.......... 100,457
8,723
16 to 24 years........................
16 to 19 years....................
947
20 to 24 years....................
7,776
25 years and older................. 91,733
25 to 34 years.................... 24,296
35 to 44 years.................... 23,782
45 to 54 years.................... 25,133
55 to 64 years.................... 15,641
65 years and older.............
2,881
805
169
52
117
636
156
139
174
103
63
1,261
290
62
229
971
268
222
228
169
84
6,676
1,815
330
1,485
4,860
1,659
1,152
1,196
670
183
16,119
2,990
312
2,678
13,129
4,522
3,186
3,145
1,846
430
23,643
2,121
132
1,989
21,523
6,690
5,313
5,391
3,450
679
17,420
786
41
745
16,633
4,640
4,224
4,517
2,788
465
18,771
408
13
395
18,363
4,135
4,885
5,395
3,472
478
15,761
143
5
138
15,618
2,226
4,662
5,087
3,145
498
Women, 16 years and older......
16 to 24 years........................
16 to 19 years....................
20 to 24 years....................
25 years and older.................
25 to 34 years....................
35 to 44 years....................
45 tto 54 years....................
55 to 64 years....................
65 years and older.............
44,486
3,772
389
3,383
40,714
10,392
10,204
11 557
11,557
7,294
1,266
448
84
32
52
364
80
86
110
60
29
695
137
33
105
557
142
119
140
108
48
3,585
913
148
765
2,672
799
655
724
392
102
8,105
1,269
116
1,154
6,836
2,000
1,707
1 808
1,808
1,089
233
11,687
878
37
840
10,809
3,029
2,597
2 938
2,938
1,927
317
7,960
336
17
319
7,624
2,080
1,843
2 104
2,104
1,358
239
7,332
108
3
104
7,225
1,572
1,846
2 162
2,162
1,445
200
4,673
47
3
44
4,626
690
1,352
1 572
1,572
914
97
Men, 16 years and older...........
16 to 24 years........................
16 to 19 years....................
20 to 24 years....................
25 years and older.................
25 to 34 years....................
35 to 44 years....................
45 to 54 years....................
55 to 64 years....................
65 years and older.............
55,971
4,951
558
4,393
51,020
13,905
13,578
13,576
8,347
1,614
357
85
20
65
271
77
54
64
43
34
566
153
29
124
413
126
102
89
61
36
3,090
902
182
720
2,188
860
496
472
278
82
8,014
1,721
197
1,524
6,293
2,523
1,479
1,337
757
197
11,957
1,243
95
1,148
10,714
3,661
2,716
2,453
1,522
361
9,460
450
24
426
9,010
2,559
2,381
2,414
1,430
226
11,439
300
10
290
11,139
2,563
3,039
3,233
2,027
278
11,088
96
1
94
10,992
1,537
3,310
3,514
2,230
401
See note at end of table.
43
Table 7. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.00
$1,500.00
or more
Race, Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity,
and Sex
White.....................................
Women..............................
Men....................................
81,336
34,976
46,360
647
355
293
952
515
436
5,071
2,655
2,417
12,340
6,091
6,248
18,842
9,092
9,750
14,293
6,401
7,892
15,786
6,035
9,751
13,406
3,833
9,573
Black or African American.....
Women..............................
Men....................................
11,604
6,191
5,414
102
61
41
217
132
85
1,100
657
443
2,614
1,444
1,170
3,171
1,747
1,424
1,925
1,010
915
1,566
729
837
910
412
499
Asian.....................................
Women..............................
Men....................................
5,197
2,284
2,912
32
20
12
58
28
31
298
167
132
720
358
362
1,024
540
484
846
390
456
1,047
429
618
1,171
353
818
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....
Women..............................
Men....................................
15,147
5,700
9,448
134
68
66
324
159
165
2,057
902
1,155
3,971
1,532
2,438
3,880
1,465
2,415
2,033
732
1,301
1,727
566
1,161
1,021
275
746
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
44
Table 8. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital
status, and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2011 annual averages
Number of
workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly
earnings
Standard error
of median
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
44,486
16,093
9,714
6,379
28,393
$684
669
687
644
692
$3
4
6
6
3
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
23,274
10,622
6,330
4,293
12,651
741
743
737
752
740
3
4
6
7
4
Total, other marital statuses1…………………………………….
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
21,212
5,471
3,384
2,086
15,741
620
563
608
494
649
3
6
5
5
4
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children
hild
under
d 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
55,971
20 808
20,808
10,990
9,818
35,163
832
919
972
847
784
3
6
7
9
4
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
33,777
18,462
9,881
8,581
15,314
955
959
998
907
952
4
6
8
9
6
Total, other marital statuses1…………………………………….
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
22,194
2,346
1,109
1,237
19,848
674
656
778
577
676
4
12
17
10
4
Characteristic
Women
Men
1
Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
NOTE: Children refer to "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded
are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
45
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected
characteristics, 2011 annual averages
Both sexes
Characteristic
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Age
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years....................................................
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
25 years and older.............................................
25 to 34 years.................................................
35 to 44 years.................................................
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
73,926
14,436
3,936
10,501
59,490
17,155
14,168
15,331
10,046
2,790
$12.71
8.97
8.06
9.61
14.12
12.71
14.83
15.00
15.07
12.19
$0.04
.02
.02
.06
.03
.07
.05
.04
.05
.09
37,469
7,147
2,064
5,083
30,323
8,024
7,132
8,164
5,555
1,448
$11.98
8.73
7.96
9.16
13.10
12.12
13.44
13.76
14.03
11.76
$0.03
.03
.03
.03
.04
.05
.14
.10
.09
.20
59,314
9,523
3,037
13,264
12.91
11.79
13.35
11.05
.03
.07
.22
.06
29,571
5,271
1,612
5,561
12.05
11.28
12.80
10.25
.03
.11
.21
.08
26,703
34,624
12,599
7 933
7,933
3,171
1,496
10.12
14.91
13.18
14 14
14.14
11.85
12.15
.02
.03
.08
.09
09
.08
.14
12,571
17,162
7,736
4 792
4,792
1,749
1,194
9.86
13.78
12.28
13 01
13.01
11.17
11.79
.03
.07
.08
.10
10
.18
.18
8,869
9,681
64,245
18.32
18.12
12.07
.18
.11
.02
3,497
3,923
33,546
16.00
15.87
11.69
.14
.15
.05
59,490
6,905
21,386
19,562
11,637
14.12
10.20
13.46
14.78
18.59
.03
.03
.08
.06
.19
30,323
2,706
10,002
10,694
6,920
13.10
9.22
11.97
13.70
18.06
.04
.05
.04
.09
.10
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Members of unions2…………………………………
Represented by unions3………………………………
Not represented by a union...................................
Educational Attainment
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
See footnotes at end of table.
46
Table 9. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,
by selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
Men
Characteristic
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Age
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years....................................................
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
25 years and older.............................................
25 to 34 years.................................................
35 to 44 years.................................................
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
36,457
7,290
1,872
5,418
29,167
9,132
7,036
7,167
4,491
1,341
$13.80
9.23
8.16
9.90
15.11
13.18
16.03
16.88
17.07
12.85
$0.06
.05
.03
.03
.03
.09
.10
.13
.21
.17
86.8
94.6
97.5
92.5
86.7
92.0
83.8
81.5
82.2
91.5
29,743
4,252
1,425
7,703
14.02
12.06
14.25
11.81
.04
.06
.48
.08
85.9
93.5
89.8
86.8
14,132
17,462
4,864
3 140
3,140
1,422
302
10.52
16.05
14.90
15 77
15.77
12.36
15.02
.09
.06
.07
.21
21
.28
.25
93.7
85.9
82.4
82 5
82.5
90.4
78.5
5,372
5,758
30,699
20.04
19.95
12.76
.08
.08
.06
79.8
79.5
91.6
29,167
4,199
11,383
8,868
4,717
15.11
11.10
15.03
16.08
19.43
.03
.08
.04
.09
.28
86.7
83.1
79.6
85.2
92.9
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Members of unions2…………………………………
Represented by unions3………………………………
Not represented by a union...................................
Educational Attainment
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.
2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2011.
Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
47
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and
selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$6.00
$6.00 to
$7.99
$8.00 to $10.00 to $12.00 to $15.00 to $20.00 or
$9.99
$11.99
$14.99
$19.99
more
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and older............
16 to 24 years..........................
16 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years......................
25 years and older...................
25 to 34 years......................
35 to 44 years......................
45 to 54 years......................
55 to 64 years......................
65 years and older................
73,926
14,436
3,936
10,501
59,490
17,155
14,168
15,331
10,046
2,790
1,250
533
178
354
717
366
143
140
45
24
5,559
2,914
1,451
1,463
2,645
953
519
586
380
208
13,752
5,223
1,586
3,638
8,529
2,975
1,886
1,943
1,215
511
11,535
2,685
430
2,254
8,851
2,934
2,006
2,039
1,364
507
12,591
1,657
188
1,469
10,934
3,484
2,490
2,680
1,747
532
13,245
989
72
917
12,256
3,356
2,970
3,298
2,180
453
15,993
436
30
406
15,558
3,088
4,154
4,645
3,115
555
Women, 16 years and older........
16 to 24 years..........................
16 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years......................
25 years and older...................
25 to 34 years......................
35 to 44 years......................
45 to 54 years......................
55 to 64 years......................
65 years and older................
37,469
7,147
2,064
5,083
30,323
8,024
7,132
8,164
5,555
1,448
867
365
130
236
501
246
97
110
33
16
3,312
1,605
804
801
1,707
592
353
388
253
121
7,758
2,722
825
1,897
5,036
1,498
1,142
1,295
796
304
6,103
1,169
204
965
4,934
1,370
1,137
1,259
879
289
6,593
755
67
688
5,838
1,620
1,368
1,540
1,054
256
6,124
353
22
330
5,772
1,355
1,329
1,662
1,227
197
6,713
177
12
166
6,535
1,342
1,706
1,910
1,312
265
Men, 16 years and older.............
16 to 24 years..........................
16 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years......................
25 years and older...................
25 to 34 years......................
35 to 44 years......................
45 to 54 years......................
55 to 64 years......................
65 years and older................
36,457
7,290
1,872
5,418
29,167
9,132
7,036
7,167
4,491
1,341
383
167
49
119
216
120
46
30
12
8
2,247
1,309
647
661
938
361
166
198
126
87
5,994
2,501
761
1,741
3,493
1,476
744
648
419
207
5,432
1,516
226
1,290
3,917
1,564
869
780
485
219
5,998
902
121
781
5,096
1,864
1,122
1,140
694
276
7,121
636
49
587
6,485
2,000
1,641
1,636
953
255
9,281
258
18
240
9,022
1,746
2,448
2,736
1,803
290
See note at end of table.
48
Table 10. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and
selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$6.00
$6.00 to
$7.99
$8.00 to $10.00 to $12.00 to $15.00 to $20.00 or
$9.99
$11.99
$14.99
$19.99
more
Race, Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity,
and Sex
White.......................................
Women.................................
Men......................................
59,314
29,571
29,743
1,073
755
317
4,279
2,541
1,738
10,834
6,010
4,824
8,959
4,721
4,238
9,957
5,143
4,815
10,830
4,901
5,929
13,382
5,500
7,882
Black or African American.......
Women.................................
Men......................................
9,523
5,271
4,252
92
54
37
944
577
367
1,971
1,205
765
1,763
963
800
1,817
999
817
1,468
757
711
1,469
716
754
Asian.......................................
Women.................................
Men......................................
3,037
1,612
1,425
39
24
15
160
98
62
520
308
212
472
250
222
505
288
217
554
276
277
788
367
420
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity......
Women.................................
Men......................................
13,264
5,561
7,703
200
109
91
1,024
564
461
3,465
1,677
1,788
2,460
984
1,477
2,380
979
1,401
2,000
739
1,262
1,734
510
1,224
NOTE: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2011. Estimates for the
race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
49
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and older..............................................
16 to 24 years............................................................
16 to 19 years........................................................
20 to 24 years........................................................
25 years and older.....................................................
25 to 34 years........................................................
35 to 44 years........................................................
45 to 54 years........................................................
55 to 64 years........................................................
65 years and older.................................................
73,926
14,436
3,936
10,501
59,490
17,155
14,168
15,331
10,046
2,790
2,152
1,003
408
595
1,149
509
238
223
104
75
1,677
893
491
402
784
299
161
159
117
48
3,829
1,896
899
997
1,933
808
399
382
221
123
5.2
13.1
22.8
9.5
3.2
4.7
2.8
2.5
2.2
4.4
Women, 16 years and older.........................................
16 to 24 years............................................................
16 to 19 yyears........................................................
20 to 24 years........................................................
25 years and older.....................................................
25 to 34 years........................................................
35 to 44 years........................................................
45 to 54 years........................................................
55 to 64 years........................................................
65 years and older.................................................
37,469
7,147
2,064
,
5,083
30,323
8,024
7,132
8,164
5,555
1,448
1,366
604
247
357
762
326
152
165
69
50
1,029
505
279
226
524
202
105
105
81
31
2,395
1,109
526
583
1,286
528
257
270
150
81
6.4
15.5
25.5
11.5
4.2
6.6
3.6
3.3
2.7
5.6
Men, 16 years and older...............................................
16 to 24 years............................................................
16 to 19 years........................................................
20 to 24 years........................................................
25 years and older.....................................................
25 to 34 years........................................................
35 to 44 years........................................................
45 to 54 years........................................................
55 to 64 years........................................................
65 years and older.................................................
36,457
7,290
1,872
5,418
29,167
9,132
7,036
7,167
4,491
1,341
785
399
161
238
387
182
86
58
36
25
648
388
212
175
260
96
56
55
36
17
1,433
787
373
413
647
278
142
113
72
42
3.9
10.8
19.9
7.6
2.2
3.0
2.0
1.6
1.6
3.1
See note at end of table.
50
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages—cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.........................................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
59,314
29,571
29,743
1,748
1,124
624
1,258
774
484
3,006
1,898
1,108
5.1
6.4
3.7
Black or African American.........................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
9,523
5,271
4,252
253
148
105
324
208
117
577
356
221
6.1
6.8
5.2
Asian..........................................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
3,037
1,612
1,425
63
35
28
36
23
13
99
58
41
3.3
3.6
2.9
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......................................
Women
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
13,264
5
561
5,561
7,703
380
208
172
340
186
154
720
394
326
5.4
7
1
7.1
4.2
Full-time workers.......................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
53,594
24,302
29,292
752
456
296
522
317
205
1,274
773
501
2.4
3.2
1.7
Part-time workers......................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
20,199
13,096
7,103
1,392
904
489
1,153
711
443
2,545
1,615
932
12.6
12.3
13.1
Full- and Part-time Status and Sex1
1
The distinction between full-time and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to
totals because full-time or part-time status on the principal or main job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple
jobholders.
NOTE: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $7.25 in 2011. See the technical note for more information about
minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may
be of any race.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
51
Table 12. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total wage
and salary
workers
Total
Percent of
total wage
and salary
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers paid
hourly rates
Both Sexes
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.4
1980…………………………… 87,644
1981…………………………… 88,516
1982…………………………… 87,368
1983…………………………… 88,290
1984…………………………… 92,194
1985…………………………… 94,521
1986…………………………… 96,903
1987…………………………… 99,303
1988…………………………… 101,407
1989…………………………… 103,480
51,335
51,869
50,846
51,820
54,143
55,762
57,529
59,552
60,878
62,389
58.6
58.6
58.2
58.7
58.7
59.0
59.4
60.0
60.0
60.3
3,087
3,513
2,348
2,077
1,838
1,639
1,599
1,468
1,319
1,372
4,686
4,311
4,148
4,261
4,125
3,899
3,461
3,229
2,608
1,790
7,773
7,824
6,496
6,338
5,963
5,538
5,060
4,698
3,927
3,162
15.1
15.1
12.8
12.2
11.0
9.9
8.8
7.9
6.5
5.1
1990……………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1994……………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1997……………………………
1998……………………………
1999……………………………
104,876
103,723
104,668
106,101
107,989
,
110,038
111,960
114,533
116,730
118,963
63,172
62,627
63,610
64,274
66,549
,
68,354
69,255
70,735
71,440
72,306
60.2
60.4
60.8
60.6
61.6
62.1
61.9
61.8
61.2
60.8
1
1
1
1
3,228
5,283
4,921
4,332
4,128
,
3,656
1
3,724
1
4,754
4,427
3,340
1
1
1
1
2000……………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
2003……………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
2009……………………………
122,089
122,229
121,826
122,358
123,554
125,889
128,237
129,767
129,377
124,490
73,496
73,392
72,508
72,946
73,939
75,609
76,514
75,873
75,305
72,611
60.2
60.0
59.5
59.6
59.8
60.1
59.7
58.5
58.2
58.3
1,752
1,518
1,579
1,555
1,483
1,403
1,283
1
1,462
1
1,940
1
2,592
898
656
567
545
520
479
409
1
267
1
286
1
980
2,650
2,174
2,146
2,100
2,003
1,882
1,692
1
1,729
1
2,226
1
3,572
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.2
1
2.3
1
3.0
1
4.9
2010…………………………… 124,073
2011…………………………… 125,187
72,902
73,926
58.8
59.1
2,541
2,152
1,820
1,677
4,361
3,829
6.0
5.2
1979……………………………
See footnote at end of table.
52
2,132
2,377
1,939
1,707
1,995
,
1,699
1
1,863
1
2,990
2,834
2,194
1,096
2,906
2,982
2,625
2,132
,
1,956
1
1,861
1
1,764
1,593
1,146
5.1
8.4
7.7
6.7
6.2
5.3
1
5.4
1
6.7
6.2
4.6
Table 12. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total wage
and salary
workers
Total
Percent of
total wage
and salary
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers paid
hourly rates
Women
1979……………………………
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.2
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
1986……………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
38,944
39,672
39,777
40,433
42,172
43,506
44,961
46,365
47,495
48,691
23,626
24,294
24,365
24,989
26,003
26,869
27,863
29,078
29,820
30,702
60.7
61.2
61.3
61.8
61.7
61.8
62.0
62.7
62.8
63.1
2,104
2,394
1,651
1,492
1,348
1,198
1,192
1,105
1,008
994
2,990
2,778
2,561
2,603
2,499
2,356
2,125
1,946
1,542
1,056
5,095
5,172
4,212
4,095
3,847
3,554
3,317
3,051
2,550
2,050
21.6
21.3
17.3
16.4
14.8
13.2
11.9
10.5
8.6
6.7
1990……………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1994……………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1997……………………………
1998……………………………
1999……………………………
49,323
49,105
49,842
50,626
51,419
,
52,369
53,488
54,708
55,757
57,050
31,069
30,988
31,454
31,937
33,021
,
33,934
34,418
35,214
35,680
36,233
63.0
63.1
63.1
63.1
64.2
64.8
64.3
64.4
64.0
63.5
1
2000……………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
2003……………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
2009……………………………
58,427
58,582
58,555
59,122
59,408
60,423
61,426
62,299
62,532
60,951
36,777
36,848
36,508
37,093
37,133
37,957
38,321
38,082
37,972
37,426
62.9
62.9
62.3
62.7
62.5
62.8
62.4
61.1
60.7
61.4
1,170
1,021
997
1,062
1,013
944
861
1
1,002
1
1,302
1
1,603
579
409
350
332
310
290
263
1
181
1
196
1
612
1,749
1,430
1,347
1,394
1,323
1,234
1,124
1
1,183
1
1,498
1
2,215
4.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
2.9
1
3.1
1
3.9
1
5.9
2010……………………………
2011……………………………
60,542
60,502
37,404
37,469
61.8
61.9
1,598
1,366
1,151
1,029
2,749
2,395
7.3
6.4
See footnote at end of table.
53
1,420
1,582
1,286
1,133
1,322
,
1,157
1
1,244
1
1,843
1,794
1,426
1
1
711
1,792
1,751
1,534
1,241
,
1,161
1
1,106
1
1,092
965
700
1
1
2,131
3,374
3,036
2,667
2,563
,
2,318
1
2,350
1
2,935
2,760
2,126
1
1
6.9
10.9
9.7
8.4
7.8
6.8
1
6.8
1
8.3
7.7
5.9
1
Table 12. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total wage
and salary
workers
Total
Percent of
total wage
and salary
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers paid
hourly rates
Men
1979……………………………
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.7
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
1986……………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
48,700
48,844
47,591
47,856
50,022
51,015
51,942
52,938
53,912
54,789
27,709
27,576
26,481
26,831
28,140
28,893
29,666
30,474
31,058
31,687
56.9
56.5
55.6
56.1
56.3
56.6
57.1
57.6
57.6
57.8
983
1,119
697
585
490
440
408
364
311
379
1,696
1,533
1,587
1,658
1,626
1,544
1,336
1,283
1,066
733
2,678
2,652
2,284
2,243
2,116
1,984
1,743
1,647
1,377
1,112
9.7
9.6
8.6
8.4
7.5
6.9
5.9
5.4
4.4
3.5
1990……………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1994……………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1997……………………………
1998……………………………
1999……………………………
55,553
54,618
54,826
55,475
56,570
,
57,669
58,473
59,825
60,973
61,914
32,104
31,639
32,155
32,337
33,528
,
34,420
34,838
35,521
35,761
36,073
57.8
57.9
58.6
58.3
59.3
59.7
59.6
59.4
58.7
58.3
712
795
653
573
674
542
1
619
1
1,147
1,039
768
2000……………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
2003……………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
2009……………………………
63,662
63,647
63,272
63,236
64,145
65,466
66,811
67,468
66,846
63,539
36,720
36,544
36,000
35,853
36,806
37,652
38,193
37,790
37,334
35,185
57.7
57.4
56.9
56.7
57.4
57.5
57.2
56.0
55.9
55.4
582
497
582
493
470
459
422
1
460
1
638
1
990
2010……………………………
2011……………………………
63,531
64,686
35,498
36,457
55.9
56.4
943
785
1
1
1
1
1
1,097
1,909
1,885
1,664
1,565
,
1,338
1
1,374
1
1,820
1,667
1,214
1
1
1
319
247
217
213
210
189
146
1
86
1
90
1
368
901
744
799
706
680
648
568
1
546
1
728
1
1,358
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.5
1
1.4
1
1.9
1
3.9
669
648
1,612
1,433
4.5
3.9
385
1,114
1,231
1,091
891
796
1
755
1
673
628
446
1
3.4
6.0
5.9
5.1
4.7
3.9
1
3.9
1
5.1
4.7
3.4
Data for 1990–91, 1996–97, and 2007–09 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those years.
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other
changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in
1980, and $3.35 in 1981–89. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to $4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in
October 1996, to $5.15 in September 1997, to $5.85 in July 2007, to $6.55 in July 2008, and to $7.25 in July 2009. See
the technical note for more information about minimum wage workers.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
54
Table 13. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,
1979–2011
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
80.3
82.6
85.3
88.8
87.9
87.6
89.0
88.3
89.7
90.8
89.5
91.7
92.9
94.0
93.1
90.7
91.4
87.8
89.8
94.3
78.1
80.6
82.4
85.5
85.2
85.7
87.5
88.0
90.0
89.7
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
69.4
70.3
72.1
73.3
74.6
75.1
76.1
76.7
77.7
78.3
58.3
59.9
61.1
61.5
62.0
63.0
63.9
66.1
68.5
68.3
56.9
56.8
60.1
59.5
59.4
59.7
60.9
62.3
61.7
62.7
59.4
58.9
61.4
61.8
61.5
61.0
61.2
62.2
62.3
63.9
76.4
71.1
70.3
68.8
66.8
65.9
71.5
68.7
70.9
74.3
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
90.1
93.3
94.0
94.8
93.9
90.8
92.5
92.1
91.3
91.0
90.8
93.6
94.0
92.8
92.5
88.1
88.8
91.6
88.6
91.4
90.3
93.3
94.3
95.4
94.5
92.4
92.8
90.5
89.4
90.5
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75.1
75.9
74.4
79.3
81.0
82.0
83.0
82.9
82.2
83.2
82.9
82.9
81.5
69.6
70.7
71.9
73.0
72.6
72.6
73.3
74.0
73.6
71.7
63.8
65.0
65.8
67.4
67.1
67.7
68.9
69.4
70.5
70.0
63.7
64.5
64.9
67.4
66.0
64.7
65.3
64.7
68.1
67.9
74.4
68.3
77.9
74.3
76.2
80.0
70.0
77.0
72.6
78.7
2000………………
2000
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
76 9
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
91 7
91.7
90.3
93.9
93.2
93.8
93.2
94.5
92.3
91.1
92.6
92 5
92.5
90.3
94.6
93.1
92.1
92.1
87.6
89.1
87.3
90.7
92 7
92.7
91.9
93.9
93.9
93.8
93.8
94.9
90.3
92.5
92.9
74 5
74.5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
78.7
82 4
82.4
83.0
84.5
86.9
87.8
89.0
88.2
86.9
88.5
88.7
71 6
71.6
72.5
75.2
76.1
75.6
75.5
77.2
76.5
74.5
77.4
73 2
73.2
73.5
74.6
73.0
72.9
75.5
73.5
74.5
74.9
73.6
69 1
69.1
70.5
71.6
72.7
73.0
74.7
72.9
72.8
75.4
75.3
75 1
75.1
69.0
73.8
71.1
74.6
76.4
77.5
77.8
74.8
76.1
2010………………
2011………………
81.2
82.2
95.3
92.5
94.6
88.6
93.8
93.2
80.5
81.0
90.8
92.3
79.9
78.5
76.5
76.0
75.2
75.1
75.7
80.9
Year
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm
#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of
full-time wage and salary workers in table 23.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
55
Table 14. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2011
Year
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
71.7
85.3
86.1
88.2
88.8
86.5
86.4
87.9
86.8
85.5
83.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
75.8
75
8
75.8
77.9
79.3
79.8
80.2
80.0
79.4
79.3
79.2
84.1
85
8
85.8
90.3
88.5
88.8
89.3
87.8
88.8
89.4
93.7
79.9
76
9
76.9
74.9
77.5
76.4
80.6
79.3
78.1
78.0
81.8
87.8
88
2
88.2
88.0
88.4
87.3
87.7
87.1
91.0
89.6
89.5
80.5
82.1
93.5
91.1
82.6
77.4
90.7
90.7
1979……………………………………
62.3
61.7
74.4
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
63.4
63.1
64.5
65.6
66.8
67.2
67.9
68.2
68.4
69.3
75.8
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.5
82.6
82.8
84.4
82.8
86.5
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
71.5
73.7
75.3
76.5
74.6
73.3
73.8
74.6
76.1
75.7
2000……………………………………
2001
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
76.9
76
4
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
81.2
82.2
73.5
75.7
75.5
78.5
77.7
77.7
80.6
82.0
84.4
85.4
87.4
90.4
89.1
90.5
88.9
87.1
88.8
85.7
86.4
85.7
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are
calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table
24. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include
persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included.
Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the
main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data for
2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for
Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
56
Table 15. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time
wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2011
Year
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
1979……………………………………
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.7
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
61.4
61.2
62.8
64.8
64.9
64.3
64.8
66.0
66.6
66.8
61.5
61.0
63.1
63.4
64.9
65.8
66.6
68.1
68.2
67.6
64.5
65.6
66.7
68.2
68.4
67.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.3
67.9
66.9
68.8
71.2
69.4
70.2
70.6
71.4
71.4
71.9
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75.1
75.9
74.4
68.8
71.6
72.9
73.9
75.1
75.5
75.1
75.3
73.9
73.4
68.6
69.8
70.4
71.3
70.8
70.2
70.7
70.7
70.8
69.8
72.9
72.6
73.3
73.8
72.1
71.6
73.2
73.9
74.0
73.4
72.2
73.6
75.1
75.8
76.8
76.2
75.2
75.0
75.3
75.7
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
74.5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
78.7
74.9
75.4
77.2
76.7
74.9
74.9
76.3
76.7
76.1
76.4
71.1
72.7
74.2
75.5
75.7
75.6
73.7
74.3
73.3
75.7
73.1
71.9
74.3
75.7
75.8
76.6
75.6
75.2
75.7
75.4
74.1
73.7
74.2
73.6
75.2
75.7
75.1
75.0
74.3
73.1
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
80.5
81.0
79.8
80.9
76.5
76.9
75.5
76.8
74.1
74.9
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are caculated
from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in
table 25.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
57
Table 16. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly
rates, 1979–2011
16 to 24 years
Year
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
84.1
86.1
86.3
87.2
86.0
85.7
85.8
85.9
89.1
90.7
93.2
96.7
97.0
96.7
96.5
96.3
95.5
93.9
94.4
93.4
77.0
80.0
81.8
84.4
84.5
87.2
86.7
86.1
87.2
86.9
58.7
60.3
62.1
62.9
63.7
64.7
66.0
67.2
68.7
69.8
64.1
66.7
67.7
70.3
71.1
72.4
74.1
74.3
75.6
78.0
54.9
57.5
57.1
57.6
59.0
60.3
61.4
62.9
66.1
67.0
54.4
54.1
55.7
56.7
56.9
57.8
59.0
61.3
61.6
63.4
56.4
56.2
59.0
58.0
59.5
60.4
60.3
62.0
62.4
63.8
89.2
88.1
88.1
87.6
89.0
88.8
91.3
91.2
92.8
87.1
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80.8
81.8
83.8
91.0
91.0
91.3
91.7
90.5
90.9
92.1
92.2
90.3
92.7
93.8
97.9
97.7
97.1
97.0
96.1
97.0
96.6
96.7
96.8
90.1
91.7
92.5
94.2
91.2
89.3
89.6
91.2
89.1
89.9
71.8
73.5
76.0
77.3
78.2
76.1
78.2
78.8
77.9
79.4
79.4
80.4
82.6
83.6
85.5
83.7
83.1
82.7
86.1
83.9
68.7
70.4
73.1
73.1
73.4
72.6
74.6
75.7
77.4
76.9
64.3
65.0
66.1
67.3
69.9
70.8
72.1
72.3
75.0
72.7
66.2
68.9
69.3
69.0
70.7
71.4
72.4
70.5
72.4
76.4
89.6
92.6
92.6
92.1
94.0
94.2
91.6
98.1
93.2
95.4
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
85.5
91.7
90.5
92.5
93.2
93.9
92.6
90.9
89.3
91.2
93.1
93.8
95.8
96.9
97.6
95.9
96.0
95.7
95.4
96.6
97.1
93.0
89.7
91.3
91.0
91.7
92.4
90.5
90.4
91.6
92.0
80.8
79.2
82.1
83.1
81.7
83.2
83.2
81.7
83.0
84.7
88.3
85.8
85.1
87.5
88.3
89.2
87.6
87.4
87.0
90.6
76.3
75.0
78.7
79.1
78.4
79.6
80.0
81.5
80.5
80.7
73.2
76.1
77.6
79.0
79.1
80.2
76.4
79.6
78.2
77.0
76.8
80.2
80.8
78.4
79.6
80.2
80.6
79.2
81.8
84.5
94.7
90.4
89.3
90.3
92.5
97.8
93.0
92.2
91.6
92.6
2010………………
2011………………
86.0
86.8
93.6
94.6
97.8
97.5
91.7
92.5
85.6
86.7
91.9
92.0
82.9
83.8
79.9
81.5
83.2
82.2
93.8
91.5
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid
hourly rates in table 26.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
58
Table 17. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2011
Year
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
64.1
62.5
72.6
–
71.8
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
63.6
63.8
66.0
68.0
68.6
67.8
68.8
70.9
72.7
74.0
74.9
72.1
75.2
79.2
79.1
82.0
78.7
80.1
80.8
83.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
75.1
76.4
75.6
76.1
77.0
79.4
80.8
80.2
81.1
83.0
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80.8
81.8
83.8
75.6
76.6
78.6
78.9
79.7
78.4
79.6
80.3
81.8
82.3
84.5
86.5
87.1
89.6
87.5
87.3
88.0
87.5
86.9
83.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
86.1
86.9
88.3
88.6
89.3
90.9
88.8
86.3
87.6
86.6
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
85.5
83.0
83.8
83.8
84.0
84.0
84.2
83.6
83.7
84.5
84.8
88.8
89.9
92.3
91.7
91.3
91.1
88.5
90.3
89.9
89.7
90.5
85.1
91.7
89.8
88.8
91.3
90.7
89.5
87.3
90.4
87.3
85.6
86.1
88.5
90.2
90.1
87.6
88.5
85.1
84.6
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
86.0
86.8
85.0
85.9
92.1
93.5
88.0
89.8
86.2
86.8
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are
calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in
table 27. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian)
include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not
included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified
as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data
for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data
for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
59
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2011) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2011 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Both Sexes
1979………………
$697
$497
$416
$538
$766
$737
$809
$798
$757
$572
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
681
675
676
672
672
685
703
708
704
699
486
475
465
453
447
446
454
460
455
454
400
382
367
352
348
347
348
352
358
357
519
506
492
479
476
478
485
491
486
483
743
732
732
736
746
755
765
763
757
748
717
703
696
689
691
695
705
706
700
690
784
774
792
794
802
809
820
824
823
827
774
760
772
788
794
797
814
813
828
827
740
734
727
742
755
759
777
767
766
755
527
527
566
560
561
592
583
587
590
585
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
688
686
691
704
701
702
699
703
720
741
449
446
433
433
429
428
425
427
439
460
349
343
333
328
332
339
342
352
369
379
476
469
455
456
450
449
445
448
467
490
750
752
752
753
751
748
742
754
788
799
679
668
662
669
659
661
660
672
691
699
811
802
790
793
806
806
797
809
822
825
816
816
819
831
850
853
847
848
854
880
763
755
758
755
752
754
763
779
815
815
573
614
593
603
577
570
548
549
558
545
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
752
757
760
758
760
750
749
754
754
775
471
476
476
473
464
457
456
460
463
463
388
388
381
380
368
366
362
366
365
361
500
501
499
491
483
474
472
488
488
486
795
801
808
809
813
802
801
800
795
811
717
732
739
726
719
703
693
697
696
711
816
835
835
840
849
842
835
834
840
856
873
881
883
884
885
862
863
857
859
878
809
811
843
866
863
855
854
871
862
882
604
620
628
631
667
656
651
656
673
717
2010………………
2011………………
771
756
446
440
358
352
469
457
807
797
704
693
850
837
871
866
888
881
706
742
See note at end of table.
60
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2011) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Women
1979………………
$526
$445
$382
$465
$564
$575
$566
$555
$546
$491
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
522
520
535
541
546
552
569
574
576
574
434
428
430
425
419
420
429
430
430
431
377
366
353
339
334
331
333
326
336
345
455
454
450
444
439
440
452
458
459
455
553
553
570
575
584
590
603
608
612
615
566
568
577
584
588
590
599
598
598
595
556
565
577
584
602
612
624
638
647
648
543
534
564
567
575
582
603
614
620
625
532
527
548
552
557
568
579
583
580
583
455
449
472
455
452
482
501
494
512
511
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
578
589
597
603
599
595
596
602
628
638
424
428
419
419
414
403
405
408
420
437
331
330
322
314
317
315
318
335
343
359
449
451
440
443
435
427
425
427
439
463
616
623
628
637
632
628
633
645
668
671
594
597
600
606
596
591
592
596
621
634
651
655
656
667
673
664
660
673
686
679
629
641
655
675
676
680
686
691
711
721
581
585
590
606
598
591
599
605
656
664
501
514
515
514
505
518
476
486
482
499
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
644
651
661
675
682
674
670
666
667
689
449
449
459
454
446
439
441
444
439
444
369
366
369
366
349
350
340
345
336
339
478
476
481
473
465
456
461
462
465
466
674
690
710
714
713
705
700
701
700
720
644
651
663
667
668
660
651
648
651
665
680
695
714
721
724
715
720
725
713
743
736
746
753
744
744
742
735
734
739
746
663
681
718
735
732
736
734
736
743
762
512
496
538
532
569
567
569
579
588
631
2010………………
2011………………
690
684
436
421
347
328
453
438
727
718
669
662
754
734
753
744
760
749
620
664
See note at end of table.
61
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2011) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Men
1979………………
$844
$566
$448
$610
$908
$853
$971
$977
$902
$633
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
813
808
814
813
808
811
820
822
821
820
540
518
503
479
476
480
481
487
479
475
421
399
380
361
359
365
364
371
375
366
582
563
546
519
515
514
517
521
510
508
881
884
879
873
870
882
906
903
890
876
816
808
801
796
788
785
787
780
770
760
953
943
944
948
971
970
977
966
945
949
953
941
937
953
969
974
990
985
1,004
996
896
895
893
893
905
930
947
938
931
912
595
632
671
661
676
731
701
720
722
688
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
803
794
786
782
784
789
795
809
824
834
471
459
446
442
441
444
438
443
460
480
364
353
342
339
342
358
358
366
387
393
497
483
466
465
461
462
458
472
492
511
855
842
841
851
865
862
854
859
880
901
750
738
732
730
719
718
712
719
749
779
935
928
912
914
926
915
902
909
933
947
987
986
995
1,002
1,008
1,004
996
996
1,008
1 030
1,030
912
907
909
899
905
913
917
934
963
978
673
752
661
692
662
647
680
631
664
634
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
837
851
849
850
849
832
829
831
834
858
490
497
489
487
476
471
467
480
482
480
399
405
390
392
379
380
388
387
386
373
516
518
513
504
496
486
485
512
503
502
905
915
915
910
907
888
890
893
896
915
781
784
784
768
761
742
738
745
736
749
950
958
949
947
957
947
933
947
956
960
1,007
1,015
1,009
1,020
1,020
983
1,001
986
986
1,014
960
966
1,003
1,011
1,004
985
1,007
1,012
985
1,012
681
718
729
748
763
742
734
744
787
829
2010………………
2011………………
850
832
457
455
366
370
483
470
902
886
737
717
944
935
985
979
1,010
997
819
821
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm
#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant
dollars. See the technical note.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
62
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2011) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011
annual averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$697
$717
$575
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
681
675
676
672
672
685
703
708
704
699
699
691
694
687
693
709
726
727
722
716
551
558
548
560
555
552
569
570
574
559
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
688
686
691
704
701
702
699
703
720
741
708
712
719
729
727
724
722
725
751
773
549
560
560
566
557
562
552
559
587
601
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
752
757
760
758
760
750
749
754
754
775
770
775
779
778
782
774
770
777
775
794
619
624
623
628
625
599
618
617
615
630
$803
812
823
847
843
868
875
900
900
922
521
530
530
538
543
543
542
546
553
567
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
771
756
789
775
631
615
882
866
552
549
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
See note at end of table.
63
–
$561
543
530
537
536
534
538
542
540
530
522
508
502
504
508
486
482
484
490
510
520
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2011) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011
annual averages—cont'd
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$526
$532
$488
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
522
520
535
541
546
552
569
574
576
574
527
525
541
545
553
560
575
581
581
585
481
489
485
498
497
502
517
523
527
527
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
578
589
597
603
599
595
596
602
628
638
589
601
608
615
613
609
611
620
645
652
514
520
526
534
520
521
516
524
551
552
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
644
651
661
675
682
674
670
666
667
689
655
663
684
693
695
687
680
679
683
701
560
577
591
600
601
575
579
578
579
610
$714
715
708
731
730
766
780
793
787
817
478
493
496
501
499
494
491
513
524
534
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
690
684
706
703
611
595
798
751
524
518
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
See note at end of table.
64
–
$454
447
451
454
461
460
458
472
475
475
471
464
470
474
480
458
447
451
444
464
470
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2011) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011
annual averages—cont'd
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$844
$861
$656
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
813
808
814
813
808
811
820
822
821
820
831
831
839
830
827
833
847
852
850
844
634
637
622
631
625
608
624
619
636
609
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
803
794
786
782
784
789
795
809
824
834
825
815
807
804
821
830
827
831
847
861
603
604
597
601
601
603
588
603
645
659
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
837
851
849
850
849
832
829
831
834
858
864
875
878
874
871
856
849
855
862
886
666
672
655
678
677
644
660
651
648
651
$894
930
945
944
955
950
984
1,015
1,009
998
544
559
564
567
571
563
564
564
584
596
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
850
832
877
856
653
653
966
970
578
571
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
–
$633
608
596
602
588
592
590
585
580
563
552
531
520
532
531
515
513
508
518
537
548
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is
online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed
(White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons
who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one
race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of
2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. The Consumer
Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant
dollars. See the technical note.
Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
65
Table 20. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in constant (2011) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual
averages
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
1979……………………………………
$766
$607
$720
$815
$994
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
743
732
732
736
746
755
765
763
757
748
577
570
555
549
542
538
544
538
527
520
691
679
676
667
666
663
673
674
673
657
790
770
785
779
788
795
800
797
786
792
977
967
980
989
1,002
1,008
1,027
1,068
1,069
1,067
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
750
752
752
753
751
748
742
754
788
799
506
494
488
482
461
453
452
448
464
467
644
639
633
637
632
633
632
644
660
661
795
787
760
758
749
745
739
747
769
783
1,065
1,072
1,093
1,097
1,101
1,095
1,081
1 088
1,088
1,131
1,161
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
795
801
808
809
813
802
801
800
795
811
473
485
485
484
477
471
468
464
473
476
659
661
669
677
683
672
664
655
646
656
778
784
786
781
787
772
772
764
754
761
1,163
1,170
1,176
1,178
1,174
1,167
1,160
1,163
1,165
1,192
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
807
797
458
451
646
638
757
739
1,181
1,150
Year and sex
Both Sexes
See note at end of table.
66
Table 20. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in constant (2011) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
1979……………………………………
$564
$439
$535
$610
$763
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
553
553
570
575
584
590
603
608
612
615
426
416
412
418
412
402
407
405
404
405
522
515
528
528
534
534
542
545
545
532
600
606
613
618
629
631
646
657
658
664
753
755
774
792
804
825
853
883
887
888
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
616
623
628
637
632
628
633
645
668
671
401
403
402
403
386
384
382
384
390
391
526
528
529
532
527
522
521
528
545
547
659
659
639
647
635
626
631
641
656
659
893
905
932
937
952
944
937
939
974
999
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
674
690
710
714
713
705
700
701
700
720
397
402
406
402
398
393
400
400
395
400
548
563
573
579
581
568
558
555
543
568
659
661
679
685
687
676
672
661
656
660
987
999
1,011
1,017
1,024
1,017
1,010
1,011
998
1,017
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
727
718
400
395
560
554
658
645
1,018
998
Year and sex
Women
See note at end of table.
67
Table 20. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in constant (2011) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
1979……………………………………
$908
$728
$890
$951
$1,145
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
881
884
879
873
870
882
906
903
890
876
694
679
655
646
635
625
628
614
607
606
849
846
837
833
823
811
814
801
799
788
930
924
919
906
920
940
949
941
920
905
1,109
1,128
1,125
1,112
1,159
1,175
1,209
1,237
1,241
1,235
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
855
842
841
851
865
862
854
859
880
901
583
562
551
546
514
509
509
510
528
533
766
757
752
747
745
743
736
747
770
783
905
907
871
877
881
874
862
867
886
897
1,237
1,230
1,242
1,236
1,240
1,239
1,247
1 251
1,251
1,293
1,318
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
905
915
915
910
907
888
890
893
896
915
530
532
526
524
531
524
523
522
519
524
772
774
771
768
768
751
757
747
741
751
902
919
914
905
906
882
888
879
867
875
1,332
1,356
1,363
1,383
1,361
1,344
1,345
1,348
1,343
1,391
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
902
886
502
488
733
720
872
840
1,373
1,332
Year and sex
Men
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current
methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See the technical note.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
68
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2011) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2011 annual averages
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
$12.83
$10.09
$8.96
$11.62
$14.77
$15.03
$15.29
$14.91
$14.36
$9.34
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
12.52
12.23
12.08
12.00
12.02
12.01
12.13
12.25
12.30
12.24
9.64
9.43
9.06
8.76
8.62
8.49
8.63
8.69
8.76
8.67
8.36
8.50
8.05
7.75
7.53
7.31
7.26
7.22
7.37
7.39
11.14
10.95
10.43
10.06
9.94
9.84
9.90
9.87
9.84
9.89
14.42
14.23
14.05
14.06
14.10
14.04
14.15
14.13
14.15
13.91
14.70
14.47
14.21
13.95
13.96
13.78
13.72
13.62
13.58
13.38
14.96
14.73
14.79
14.83
14.78
14.92
15.24
15.04
14.94
14.99
14.68
14.28
14.36
14.44
14.60
14.68
15.13
14.89
14.92
14.75
14.00
13.80
13.67
13.76
13.65
13.76
14.03
14.05
13.67
13.70
9.25
9.31
9.22
9.44
9.55
9.44
9.73
9.62
9.56
9.49
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
12.07
12.08
12.12
12.07
12.03
11.98
11.98
12.22
12.53
12.86
8.61
8.47
8.43
8.45
8.44
8.50
8.47
8.59
9.06
9.27
7.50
7.55
7.43
7.36
7.37
7.39
7.38
7.70
8.10
8.21
9.87
9.66
9.47
9.43
9.34
9.41
9.54
9.65
9.97
10.45
13.62
13.66
13.70
13.73
13.69
13.72
13.72
13.78
13.95
14.13
13.19
12.95
12.83
12.68
12.58
12.77
12.58
12.63
13.29
13.47
14.72
14.77
14.73
14.74
14.89
14.69
14.47
14.47
14.96
14.87
14.67
14.67
14.95
15.12
15.05
14.85
14.61
14.80
15.10
15.29
13.39
13.19
13.31
13.65
13.54
13.49
13.40
13.59
13.88
14.01
9.60
9.57
9.64
9.80
9.59
9.75
9.66
9.62
10.19
10.39
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
12.94
12.95
13.09
13.26
13.10
12.89
13.13
12.96
12.78
13.04
9.45
9.77
9.76
9.66
9.50
9.30
9.20
9.38
9.27
9.33
8.37
8.59
8.64
8.47
8.33
8.12
8.07
8.21
8.19
8.30
10.54
10.65
10.59
10.59
10.45
10.26
10.22
10.48
10.20
10.24
14.20
14.49
14.79
14.73
14.56
14.38
14.44
14.27
14.43
14.58
13.29
13.56
13.73
13.75
13.54
13.55
13.34
13.07
13.06
13.21
14.82
15.21
15.23
15.23
15.35
15.10
15.06
15.11
15.03
15.29
15.43
15.46
15.58
15.86
15.75
15.53
15.66
15.61
15.54
15.57
14.13
14.45
14.81
14.90
14.98
14.92
14.88
14.87
14.84
15.41
10.51
10.84
11.34
11.23
11.45
11.44
11.33
11.25
11.38
12.04
2010………………
2011………………
12.90
12.71
9.18
8.97
8.26
8.06
9.83
9.61
14.43
14.12
12.93
12.71
15.08
14.83
15.46
15.00
15.37
15.07
11.92
12.19
Year and sex
Both Sexes
See note at end of table.
69
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2011) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
$10.46
$9.22
$8.76
$10.17
$11.27
$11.68
$11.47
$11.10
$10.84
$9.02
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
10.26
10.17
10.31
10.30
10.25
10.22
10.43
10.61
10.68
10.70
8.96
8.81
8.46
8.20
8.10
7.99
8.04
7.99
8.19
8.21
8.16
8.36
7.94
7.62
7.40
7.19
7.14
7.03
7.15
7.18
9.84
9.71
9.37
9.14
8.99
9.08
9.22
9.26
9.23
9.16
11.01
11.14
11.23
11.22
11.30
11.41
11.64
11.67
11.77
11.87
11.53
11.62
11.61
11.67
11.55
11.53
11.64
11.63
11.63
11.70
11.14
11.33
11.36
11.39
11.57
11.77
12.00
12.03
12.36
12.43
10.99
10.90
11.07
11.14
11.36
11.47
11.72
11.89
12.05
12.08
10.60
10.52
10.74
10.88
10.87
10.88
11.25
11.42
11.12
11.17
8.78
8.81
8.79
8.93
9.01
8.82
9.26
9.19
9.36
9.00
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
10.75
10.87
10.93
10.92
10.89
10.94
11.03
11.09
11.34
11.66
8.26
8.18
8.10
8.08
7.99
8.05
8.10
8.31
8.60
8.91
7.26
7.47
7.36
7.25
7.25
7.24
7.26
7.57
7.96
8.07
9.30
9.19
9.06
9.14
8.98
8.93
8.93
9.15
9.55
9.74
11.80
11.82
12.01
12.07
12.09
11.98
12.03
12.22
12.58
12.86
11.70
11.58
11.70
11.67
11.68
11.61
11.50
11.45
12.12
12.28
12.30
12.45
12.54
12.52
12.67
12.65
12.68
12.77
13.31
13.27
11.95
12.25
12.46
12.55
12.70
12.79
12.75
12.93
13.47
13.43
11.24
11.19
11.30
11.60
11.74
11.63
11.51
11.61
12.19
12.59
9.10
9.28
9.37
9.48
9.37
9.46
9.20
9.54
9.93
10.12
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
11.83
12.25
12.36
12.32
12.11
11.88
11.89
11.91
12.01
12.33
9.14
9.21
9.31
9.28
9.18
8.99
8.92
8.84
8.81
8.99
8.13
8.40
8.50
8.37
8.17
7.97
7.94
8.04
8.06
8.20
10.18
10.17
10.14
10.01
9.90
9.79
9.84
9.76
9.57
9.63
12.91
12.96
13.39
13.46
13.37
13.34
13.25
13.07
13.04
13.38
12.65
12.63
12.65
12.85
12.64
12.51
12.35
12.16
12.25
12.54
13.09
13.27
13.73
13.66
13.63
13.64
13.45
13.41
13.47
13.63
13.29
13.79
13.98
14.41
14.23
13.97
13.68
13.94
13.75
13.72
12.85
13.20
13.51
13.51
13.77
13.66
13.53
13.26
13.58
14.25
10.27
10.34
10.91
10.81
10.90
11.31
11.13
11.01
11.00
11.65
2010………………
2011………………
12.21
11.98
8.90
8.73
8.16
7.96
9.37
9.16
13.29
13.10
12.43
12.12
13.54
13.44
13.93
13.76
14.12
14.03
11.54
11.76
Year and sex
Women
See note at end of table.
70
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2011) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
$16.33
$11.27
$9.22
$13.41
$19.34
$18.44
$20.58
$20.52
$19.05
$10.29
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
15.84
15.61
15.32
14.85
14.68
14.60
14.85
14.72
14.46
14.19
10.65
10.24
9.80
9.40
9.42
9.32
9.37
9.30
9.20
9.05
8.75
8.65
8.19
7.88
7.67
7.47
7.48
7.48
7.57
7.69
12.78
12.14
11.45
10.84
10.64
10.42
10.63
10.76
10.59
10.54
18.75
18.48
18.08
17.83
17.73
17.63
17.65
17.35
17.15
17.01
18.00
17.41
17.16
16.61
16.25
15.94
15.71
15.64
15.37
14.99
20.29
19.71
19.89
19.79
19.61
19.52
19.55
19.13
18.68
18.55
20.21
20.17
19.87
19.66
19.98
19.86
19.86
19.39
19.54
19.05
18.81
18.72
18.21
18.76
18.27
18.01
18.67
18.41
17.81
17.51
9.84
10.00
9.98
10.19
10.12
9.94
10.14
10.08
10.09
10.33
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
13.81
13.83
13.61
13.59
13.51
13.53
13.58
13.73
13.86
13 91
13.91
9.08
8.99
8.87
8.82
8.83
8.86
8.80
9.01
9.52
9 61
9.61
7.75
7.63
7.54
7.47
7.48
7.54
7.49
7.84
8.24
8 34
8.34
10.32
10.03
9.80
9.71
9.85
10.00
9.97
10.03
10.72
10 84
10.84
16.43
16.07
15.79
15.61
15.45
15.73
15.38
15.50
16.14
16 19
16.19
14.74
14.40
14.16
13.96
13.66
13.87
13.84
13.85
14.08
14 63
14.63
17.91
17.68
17.16
17.12
17.27
17.43
16.99
16.86
17.19
17 25
17.25
18.58
18.86
18.87
18.63
18.17
18.06
17.69
17.88
17.96
18 46
18.46
16.98
16.23
16.31
16.81
16.61
16.29
15.91
16.47
16.83
16 48
16.48
10.15
10.02
10.13
10.29
9.97
10.04
10.04
9.72
10.66
10 61
10.61
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
14.11
14.38
14.55
14.54
14.31
14.01
14.15
14.05
14.06
14.42
9.96
10.18
10.06
9.95
9.77
9.70
9.81
9.90
9.66
9.66
8.67
8.77
8.78
8.58
8.51
8.31
8.29
8.43
8.34
8.44
10.95
11.33
11.10
11.00
10.80
10.60
10.88
10.80
10.45
10.47
15.98
16.37
16.31
16.20
16.36
16.03
15.93
16.00
15.71
15.80
14.32
14.71
14.86
14.68
14.32
14.02
14.10
13.92
14.08
13.84
17.15
17.69
17.45
17.27
17.38
17.14
16.81
16.45
16.74
16.88
18.15
18.11
18.00
18.25
17.99
17.43
17.90
17.52
17.58
17.81
16.72
16.45
16.73
17.22
17.31
17.04
16.79
16.76
16.61
16.87
10.85
11.44
12.23
11.97
11.79
11.57
11.96
11.94
12.02
12.58
2010………………
2011………………
14.20
13.80
9.50
9.23
8.35
8.16
10.22
9.90
15.52
15.11
13.52
13.18
16.34
16.03
17.43
16.88
16.98
17.07
12.30
12.85
Year and sex
Men
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm
#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant
dollars. See the technical note.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
71
Table 22. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2011) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011
annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
1979……………………………………
$12.83
$13.03
$11.88
–
$11.79
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
12.52
12.23
12.08
12.00
12.02
12.01
12.13
12.25
12.30
12.24
12.68
12.30
12.24
12.15
12.16
12.15
12.29
12.42
12.45
12.40
11.53
11.64
11.32
11.05
11.05
10.96
11.35
11.34
11.24
11.26
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.53
11.43
11.21
10.92
10.87
10.90
11.06
11.02
10.88
10.63
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
12.07
12.08
12.12
12.07
12.03
11.98
11.98
12.22
12.53
12.86
12.24
12.25
12.28
12.22
12.18
12.20
12.23
12.40
12.70
13.14
11.37
11.27
11.08
11.01
10.95
11.23
11.07
11.19
11.56
11.94
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.48
10.40
10.44
10.48
10.41
10.26
10.23
10.32
10.91
10.89
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
12.94
12.95
13.09
13.26
13.10
12.89
13.13
12.96
12.78
13.04
13.00
13.04
13.39
13.41
13.25
13.23
13.24
13.10
13.10
13.27
12.19
12.43
12.41
12.41
12.13
11.72
11.90
11.81
11.70
12.20
$13.15
13.66
12.95
13.59
13.21
13.84
13.98
13.25
13.59
13.79
11.15
11.51
11.53
11.93
11.68
11.46
11.29
11.11
11.46
11.57
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
12.90
12.71
13.15
12.91
12.15
11.79
13.64
13.35
11.23
11.05
See note at end of table.
72
Table 22. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2011) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011
annual averages—cont'd
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
1979……………………………………
$10.46
$10.46
$10.26
–
$9.94
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
10.26
10.17
10.31
10.30
10.25
10.22
10.43
10.61
10.68
10.70
10.29
10.17
10.31
10.32
10.27
10.24
10.47
10.64
10.71
10.74
10.08
9.95
10.04
10.13
10.04
10.04
10.12
10.23
10.26
10.30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.82
9.74
9.69
9.48
9.59
9.60
9.78
9.68
9.65
9.68
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
10.75
10.87
10.93
10.92
10.89
10.94
11.03
11.09
11.34
11.66
10.78
10.89
10.97
10.98
11.02
11.06
11.11
11.17
11.47
11.78
10.40
10.55
10.42
10.54
10.41
10.44
10.27
10.60
10.88
10.97
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.68
9.63
9.69
9.68
9.61
9.68
9.66
9.53
9.94
10.07
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
11.83
12.25
12.36
12.32
12.11
11.88
11.89
11.91
12.01
12.33
11.87
12.36
12.43
12.36
12.15
12.10
12.02
12.00
12.23
12.40
11.57
11.63
11.81
12.11
11.82
11.44
11.28
11.33
11.26
11.54
$12.75
12.80
12.63
13.06
12.58
13.41
13.34
12.83
12.80
13.28
10.30
10.52
10.68
10.86
10.76
10.58
10.60
10.63
10.52
10.58
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
12.21
11.98
12.26
12.05
11.56
11.28
12.81
12.80
10.43
10.25
See note at end of table.
73
Table 22. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2011) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011
annual averages—cont'd
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
$13.84
13.45
13.80
13.36
12.79
12.70
12.25
12.86
12.77
12.69
12.38
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.27
14.20
13.96
13.91
13.83
14.11
13.97
13.91
14 02
14.02
14.32
12.30
12.19
11.96
11.76
11.89
11.96
11.67
12.11
12 52
12.52
13.18
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.25
11.08
10.97
10.92
10.77
10.65
10.87
11.03
11 35
11.35
11.62
14.11
14.38
14.55
14.54
14.31
14.01
14.15
14.05
14.06
14.42
14.30
14.75
14.83
14.71
14.48
14.37
14.38
14.34
14.47
14.62
13.03
12.94
12.80
13.22
12.95
12.56
12.75
12.55
12.53
12.86
$14.09
15.04
13.78
14.54
14.17
14.69
14.71
14.34
14.66
14.69
11.80
12.29
12.40
12.26
11.93
11.74
12.10
12.01
12.36
12.49
14.20
13.80
14.42
14.02
12.55
12.06
14.56
14.25
12.11
11.81
1979……………………………………
$16.33
$16.73
$14.13
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
15.84
15.61
15.32
14.85
14.68
14.60
14.85
14.72
14.46
14.19
16.18
15.94
15.62
15.17
14.97
15.10
15.23
15.02
14.73
14.50
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
13.81
13.83
13.61
13.59
13.51
13.53
13.58
13.73
13 86
13.86
13.91
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
13.06
12.76
12.82
12.47
12.45
12.09
12.11
12.06
11.90
11.66
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White,
Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who
selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race
were included in the group they identified as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003,
Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. The Consumer Price
Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars.
See the technical note.
Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
74
Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
25 years and older
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Both Sexes
1979………………
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$198
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
187
200
208
211
217
224
232
243
249
259
154
161
164
164
169
174
178
186
196
204
200
213
220
223
231
240
248
259
266
276
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
276
296
311
321
335
349
360
373
383
394
302
326
354
370
389
406
419
435
450
472
298
320
345
367
385
400
416
429
453
472
285
309
325
346
366
381
397
405
419
431
203
222
253
261
272
297
298
310
323
334
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
269
277
276
282
286
292
298
306
319
341
209
213
212
214
221
231
240
252
268
281
285
291
290
297
300
306
312
321
339
363
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
407
415
422
436
439
451
463
481
502
518
486
498
503
517
537
550
559
579
597
611
489
507
522
542
566
582
594
607
620
652
457
469
483
492
501
514
535
558
592
604
343
381
378
393
384
389
384
393
405
404
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
361
375
381
387
390
397
409
424
443
442
297
305
305
311
309
318
324
337
349
344
383
394
399
402
406
411
423
450
467
464
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
774
549
576
591
594
604
610
621
643
666
678
625
657
668
687
713
731
748
769
804
817
669
693
706
723
743
748
773
790
822
838
620
638
674
708
725
742
765
803
825
841
463
488
502
516
560
569
583
605
644
684
2010………………
2011………………
747
756
432
440
347
352
454
457
782
797
682
693
824
837
844
866
860
881
684
742
See note at end of table.
75
Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
25 years and older
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Women
1979………………
$182
$154
$132
$161
$195
$199
$196
$192
$189
$170
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
167
180
192
198
203
211
219
227
235
246
145
154
158
158
162
166
170
172
184
197
175
191
201
207
213
221
231
242
251
260
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
218
239
258
272
285
296
306
316
327
340
214
238
258
272
292
307
319
337
354
370
209
225
252
264
279
292
308
324
339
357
205
222
245
257
270
285
296
308
317
333
175
189
211
212
219
242
256
261
280
292
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
254
266
267
273
276
275
284
292
305
324
198
205
205
205
211
215
223
240
249
266
269
280
280
289
290
291
298
306
319
343
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
356
371
382
395
397
403
415
427
451
470
390
407
418
435
448
453
463
482
498
503
377
398
417
440
450
464
481
495
516
534
348
363
376
395
398
403
420
433
476
492
300
319
328
335
336
353
334
348
350
370
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
344
353
367
371
375
381
395
409
420
424
283
288
295
299
293
304
305
318
322
323
366
375
385
387
391
396
413
426
445
445
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
687
493
512
530
546
561
573
583
597
623
634
521
547
571
590
608
621
645
668
682
709
564
587
602
609
625
644
659
677
707
712
508
536
574
601
615
639
658
679
711
727
392
390
430
435
478
492
510
534
563
602
2010………………
2011………………
669
684
422
421
336
328
439
438
704
718
648
662
731
734
730
744
736
749
601
664
See note at end of table.
76
Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
25 years and older
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Men
1979………………
$292
$196
$155
$211
$314
$295
$336
$338
$312
$219
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
208
218
225
223
231
241
246
257
262
271
162
168
170
168
174
183
186
196
205
209
224
237
244
242
250
258
264
275
279
290
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
314
340
358
371
382
394
402
412
421
434
367
397
422
442
471
487
499
510
517
542
367
396
419
444
470
489
506
520
549
569
345
377
399
416
439
467
484
495
509
521
229
266
300
308
328
367
358
380
395
393
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
282
285
284
288
294
303
307
317
334
356
218
219
218
221
228
244
251
262
281
291
298
300
297
303
307
315
321
338
357
379
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
449
458
466
476
479
490
499
515
544
577
560
576
581
596
617
624
632
651
677
702
591
612
634
653
671
685
698
713
732
763
546
563
579
586
603
623
643
669
699
725
403
467
421
451
441
441
477
452
482
470
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
375
391
391
398
400
409
418
443
461
458
306
319
312
321
318
330
348
357
369
356
395
408
410
412
417
422
435
472
481
479
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
873
598
617
627
628
639
644
661
687
704
715
728
754
759
775
804
822
836
873
915
916
771
799
807
834
857
853
897
909
944
967
735
760
802
827
843
855
902
933
943
965
522
565
583
612
641
644
658
686
753
791
2010………………
2011………………
824
832
443
455
355
370
468
470
874
886
714
717
915
935
954
979
979
997
794
821
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm
#comp.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
77
Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
–
1979……………………………………
$241
$248
$199
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
269
291
310
320
336
356
371
384
395
409
212
235
245
261
269
277
291
301
314
319
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
424
442
458
475
484
494
506
519
545
573
329
348
357
369
371
383
387
400
426
445
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
590
610
623
636
657
672
690
716
742
757
474
491
498
514
525
520
554
569
589
601
$615
639
658
693
708
753
784
830
861
880
399
417
424
440
456
471
486
503
529
541
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
747
756
765
775
611
615
855
866
535
549
See note at end of table.
78
$194
209
223
240
250
259
270
277
285
290
298
304
312
321
331
324
329
339
351
370
385
Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
–
1979……………………………………
$182
$184
$169
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
203
221
242
254
268
281
294
307
318
334
185
206
217
232
241
252
264
276
288
301
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999
1999……………………………………
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
353
373
387
401
408
415
428
444
468
483
308
323
335
348
346
355
362
375
400
409
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
502
522
547
567
584
596
609
626
654
669
429
454
473
491
505
499
519
533
554
582
$547
563
566
598
613
665
699
731
753
779
366
388
397
410
419
429
440
473
501
509
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
669
684
684
703
592
595
773
751
508
518
See note at end of table.
79
$157
172
190
203
215
223
230
241
251
260
269
278
292
302
313
305
305
316
318
337
348
Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
–
1979……………………………………
$292
$298
$227
$219
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
320
350
375
387
401
418
433
450
465
482
244
268
278
294
303
305
319
327
348
348
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999
1999……………………………………
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
494
506
514
524
547
566
580
595
615
638
361
375
380
392
400
411
412
432
468
488
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
662
689
702
715
732
743
761
788
825
845
510
529
524
555
569
559
591
600
620
621
$685
732
756
772
802
825
882
936
966
952
417
440
451
464
480
489
505
520
559
569
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
824
832
850
856
633
653
936
970
560
571
234
251
269
274
287
296
299
306
308
315
318
323
339
346
343
350
356
371
390
406
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White,
Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who
selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race
were included in the group they identified as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003,
Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
80
Table 25. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Both Sexes
1979……………………………………
$265
$210
$249
$282
$344
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
222
240
248
256
263
270
278
284
288
297
266
286
302
311
323
333
344
356
368
375
304
324
351
363
382
399
409
421
430
452
376
407
438
461
486
506
525
564
585
609
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
303
307
311
314
307
309
317
321
337
346
386
397
403
415
421
432
443
461
479
490
476
489
484
494
499
508
518
535
558
580
638
666
696
715
733
747
758
779
821
860
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
774
362
382
388
396
401
409
419
428
453
454
505
520
535
554
574
583
595
604
618
626
596
617
629
639
661
670
692
704
722
726
891
921
941
964
986
1,013
1,039
1,072
1,115
1,137
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
782
797
444
451
626
638
734
739
1,144
1,150
See note at end of table.
81
Table 25. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Women
1979……………………………………
$195
$152
$185
$211
$264
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
164
175
184
195
200
202
208
214
221
231
201
217
236
246
259
268
277
288
298
304
231
255
274
288
305
317
330
347
360
379
290
318
346
369
390
414
436
466
485
507
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
240
250
256
263
257
262
268
275
283
290
315
328
337
347
351
356
365
378
396
405
395
409
407
422
423
427
442
459
476
488
535
562
594
611
634
644
657
672
707
740
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
687
304
316
325
329
334
341
358
369
378
382
420
443
458
474
488
493
500
512
520
542
505
520
543
560
577
587
602
609
628
630
756
786
809
832
860
883
905
932
955
970
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
704
718
388
395
543
554
638
645
986
998
See note at end of table.
82
Table 25. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Men
1979……………………………………
$314
$252
$308
$329
$396
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
267
286
293
301
308
314
321
324
332
346
327
356
374
388
399
407
416
423
437
450
358
389
411
422
446
472
485
497
503
517
427
475
503
518
562
590
618
653
679
705
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
349
349
351
356
342
347
357
365
383
395
459
470
479
487
496
507
516
535
559
580
542
563
555
572
587
596
604
621
643
665
741
764
791
806
826
845
874
896
939
977
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
873
406
419
421
429
446
455
469
481
497
500
591
609
617
628
645
652
678
689
709
716
691
723
731
740
761
766
796
810
830
835
1,020
1,067
1,090
1,131
1,143
1,167
1,205
1,243
1,285
1,327
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
874
886
486
488
710
720
845
840
1,330
1,332
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
83
Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Both Sexes
1979………………
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.23
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
3.71
3.97
4.05
4.08
4.18
4.26
4.41
4.59
4.79
4.95
3.22
3.58
3.60
3.61
3.65
3.67
3.71
3.81
4.03
4.22
4.29
4.61
4.66
4.69
4.82
4.94
5.06
5.21
5.38
5.65
5.55
5.99
6.28
6.55
6.84
7.05
7.23
7.46
7.74
7.94
5.66
6.09
6.35
6.50
6.77
6.92
7.01
7.19
7.43
7.64
5.76
6.20
6.61
6.91
7.17
7.49
7.79
7.94
8.17
8.56
5.65
6.01
6.42
6.73
7.08
7.37
7.73
7.86
8.16
8.42
5.39
5.81
6.11
6.41
6.62
6.91
7.17
7.42
7.48
7.82
3.56
3.92
4.12
4.40
4.63
4.74
4.97
5.08
5.23
5.42
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9.10
9.53
5.16
5.26
5.37
5.51
5.62
5.80
5.94
6.15
6.58
6.87
4.49
4.69
4.73
4.80
4.91
5.04
5.17
5.51
5.88
6.08
5.91
6.00
6.03
6.15
6.22
6.42
6.69
6.91
7.24
7.74
8.16
8.48
8.73
8.95
9.12
9.36
9.62
9.87
10.13
10.47
7.90
8.04
8.17
8.27
8.38
8.71
8.82
9.04
9.65
9.98
8.82
9.17
9.38
9.61
9.92
10.02
10.14
10.36
10.86
11.02
8.79
9.11
9.52
9.86
10.02
10.13
10.24
10.60
10.96
11.33
8.02
8.19
8.48
8.90
9.02
9.20
9.39
9.73
10.08
10.38
5.75
5.94
6.14
6.39
6.39
6.65
6.77
6.89
7.40
7.70
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
12.44
7.24
7.69
7.81
7.90
7.98
8.07
8.24
8.65
8.87
8.90
6.41
6.76
6.91
6.93
7.00
7.05
7.23
7.57
7.84
7.92
8.07
8.38
8.47
8.66
8.78
8.91
9.16
9.66
9.76
9.77
10.88
11.40
11.83
12.05
12.23
12.48
12.94
13.16
13.81
13.91
10.18
10.67
10.98
11.25
11.37
11.76
11.95
12.05
12.50
12.60
11.35
11.97
12.18
12.46
12.89
13.11
13.49
13.93
14.38
14.59
11.82
12.17
12.46
12.97
13.23
13.48
14.03
14.39
14.87
14.85
10.82
11.37
11.85
12.19
12.58
12.95
13.33
13.71
14.20
14.70
8.05
8.53
9.07
9.19
9.62
9.93
10.15
10.37
10.89
11.49
2010………………
2011………………
12.50
12.71
8.90
8.97
8.00
8.06
9.53
9.61
13.98
14.12
12.53
12.71
14.61
14.83
14.98
15.00
14.89
15.07
11.55
12.19
See note at end of table.
84
Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Women
1979………………
$3.62
$3.19
$3.03
$3.52
$3.90
$4.04
$3.97
$3.84
$3.75
$3.12
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.45
3.71
3.78
3.82
3.93
4.01
4.11
4.22
4.48
4.69
3.14
3.52
3.55
3.55
3.59
3.61
3.65
3.71
3.91
4.10
3.79
4.09
4.19
4.26
4.36
4.56
4.71
4.89
5.05
5.23
4.24
4.69
5.02
5.23
5.48
5.73
5.95
6.16
6.44
6.78
4.44
4.89
5.19
5.44
5.60
5.79
5.95
6.14
6.36
6.68
4.29
4.77
5.08
5.31
5.61
5.91
6.13
6.35
6.76
7.10
4.23
4.59
4.95
5.19
5.51
5.76
5.99
6.28
6.59
6.90
4.08
4.43
4.80
5.07
5.27
5.46
5.75
6.03
6.08
6.38
3.38
3.71
3.93
4.16
4.37
4.43
4.73
4.85
5.12
5.14
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8.64
4.95
5.08
5.16
5.27
5.32
5.49
5.68
5.95
6.24
6.60
4.35
4.64
4.69
4.73
4.83
4.94
5.09
5.42
5.78
5.98
5.57
5.71
5.77
5.96
5.98
6.09
6.26
6.55
6.93
7.22
7.07
7.34
7.65
7.87
8.05
8.17
8.43
8.75
9.13
9.53
7.01
7.19
7.45
7.61
7.78
7.92
8.06
8.20
8.80
9.10
7.37
7.73
7.99
8.16
8.44
8.63
8.89
9.14
9.66
9.83
7.16
7.61
7.94
8.18
8.46
8.72
8.94
9.26
9.78
9.95
6.73
6.95
7.20
7.56
7.82
7.93
8.07
8.31
8.85
9.33
5.45
5.76
5.97
6.18
6.24
6.45
6.45
6.83
7.21
7.50
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
11.76
7.00
7.25
7.45
7.59
7.71
7.80
7.99
8.15
8.43
8.58
6.23
6.61
6.80
6.85
6.86
6.92
7.11
7.41
7.71
7.82
7.80
8.00
8.11
8.19
8.32
8.50
8.82
9.00
9.16
9.19
9.89
10.20
10.71
11.01
11.23
11.58
11.87
12.05
12.48
12.76
9.69
9.94
10.12
10.51
10.62
10.86
11.07
11.21
11.72
11.96
10.03
10.44
10.98
11.17
11.45
11.84
12.05
12.36
12.89
13.00
10.18
10.85
11.18
11.79
11.95
12.13
12.26
12.85
13.16
13.09
9.84
10.39
10.81
11.05
11.57
11.86
12.12
12.23
13.00
13.59
7.87
8.14
8.73
8.84
9.16
9.82
9.97
10.15
10.53
11.11
2010………………
2011………………
11.83
11.98
8.62
8.73
7.91
7.96
9.08
9.16
12.88
13.10
12.04
12.12
13.12
13.44
13.50
13.76
13.68
14.03
11.18
11.76
See note at end of table.
85
Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2011 annual averages—cont'd
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Men
1979………………
$5.65
$3.90
$3.19
$4.64
$6.69
$6.38
$7.12
$7.10
$6.59
$3.56
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
4.10
4.31
4.38
4.38
4.57
4.68
4.79
4.91
5.03
5.17
3.37
3.64
3.66
3.67
3.72
3.75
3.82
3.95
4.14
4.39
4.92
5.11
5.12
5.05
5.16
5.23
5.43
5.68
5.79
6.02
7.22
7.78
8.08
8.31
8.60
8.85
9.02
9.16
9.38
9.71
6.93
7.33
7.67
7.74
7.88
8.00
8.03
8.26
8.41
8.56
7.81
8.30
8.89
9.22
9.51
9.80
9.99
10.10
10.22
10.59
7.78
8.49
8.88
9.16
9.69
9.97
10.15
10.24
10.69
10.88
7.24
7.88
8.14
8.74
8.86
9.04
9.54
9.72
9.74
10.00
3.79
4.21
4.46
4.75
4.91
4.99
5.18
5.32
5.52
5.90
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
8.27
8.59
8.67
8.86
9.00
9.23
9.52
9.83
10.06
10.31
5.44
5.58
5.65
5.75
5.88
6.04
6.17
6.45
6.91
7.12
4.64
4.74
4.80
4.87
4.98
5.14
5.25
5.61
5.98
6.18
6.18
6.23
6.24
6.33
6.56
6.82
6.99
7.18
7.78
8.03
9.84
9.98
10.06
10.18
10.29
10.73
10.78
11.10
11.72
12.00
8.83
8.94
9.02
9.10
9.10
9.46
9.70
9.92
10.22
10.84
10.73
10.98
10.93
11.16
11.50
11.89
11.91
12.07
12.48
12.78
11.13
11.71
12.02
12.15
12.10
12.32
12.40
12.80
13.04
13.68
10.17
10.08
10.39
10.96
11.06
11.11
11.15
11.79
12.22
12.21
6.08
6.22
6.45
6.71
6.64
6.85
7.04
6.96
7.74
7.86
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
13.76
7.63
8.01
8.05
8.14
8.21
8.42
8.79
9.13
9.24
9.22
6.64
6.90
7.02
7.02
7.15
7.21
7.43
7.77
7.98
8.05
8.39
8.92
8.88
9.00
9.07
9.20
9.75
9.96
10.00
9.99
12.24
12.88
13.05
13.25
13.74
13.91
14.27
14.75
15.03
15.07
10.97
11.58
11.89
12.01
12.03
12.17
12.63
12.83
13.47
13.20
13.14
13.92
13.96
14.13
14.60
14.88
15.06
15.17
16.02
16.10
13.90
14.25
14.40
14.93
15.11
15.13
16.04
16.15
16.82
16.99
12.81
12.95
13.38
14.09
14.54
14.79
15.04
15.45
15.90
16.09
8.31
9.00
9.78
9.79
9.90
10.04
10.72
11.01
11.50
12.00
2010………………
2011………………
13.76
13.80
9.21
9.23
8.09
8.16
9.90
9.90
15.04
15.11
13.10
13.18
15.83
16.03
16.89
16.88
16.45
17.07
11.92
12.85
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm
#comp.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
86
Table 27. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual
averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
–
$4.08
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
4.88
5.18
5.47
5.66
5.90
6.10
6.28
6.56
6.81
7.08
4.44
4.90
5.06
5.15
5.36
5.50
5.80
5.99
6.15
6.43
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.44
4.81
5.01
5.09
5.27
5.47
5.65
5.82
5.95
6.07
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9.10
9.53
7.33
7.61
7.82
7.97
8.11
8.32
8.57
8.88
9.22
9.74
6.81
7.00
7.06
7.18
7.29
7.66
7.76
8.01
8.39
8.85
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.28
6.46
6.65
6.83
6.93
7.00
7.17
7.39
7.92
8.07
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
12.44
9.96
10.26
10.71
10.97
11.13
11.48
11.86
12.08
12.54
12.66
9.34
9.78
9.93
10.15
10.19
10.17
10.66
10.89
11.20
11.64
$10.07
10.75
10.36
11.12
11.10
12.01
12.53
12.22
13.01
13.16
8.54
9.06
9.22
9.76
9.81
9.95
10.12
10.24
10.97
11.04
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
12.50
12.71
12.74
12.91
11.77
11.79
13.22
13.35
10.88
11.05
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
See note at end of table.
87
Table 27. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$3.62
$3.62
$3.55
–
$3.44
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.96
4.28
4.61
4.81
4.98
5.14
5.35
5.62
5.86
6.13
3.88
4.19
4.49
4.72
4.87
5.04
5.17
5.40
5.61
5.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.78
4.10
4.33
4.42
4.65
4.82
5.00
5.11
5.28
5.53
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8.64
6.46
6.76
6.99
7.16
7.34
7.54
7.79
8.00
8.33
8.73
6.23
6.55
6.64
6.87
6.93
7.12
7.20
7.59
7.90
8.13
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.80
5.98
6.17
6.31
6.40
6.60
6.77
6.82
7.22
7.46
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
11.76
9.09
9.73
9.94
10.11
10.21
10.50
10.77
11.06
11.70
11.83
8.86
9.15
9.45
9.91
9.93
9.93
10.11
10.45
10.78
11.01
$9.77
10.07
10.10
10.68
10.57
11.64
11.95
11.83
12.25
12.67
7.89
8.28
8.54
8.88
9.04
9.18
9.50
9.80
10.07
10.09
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
11.83
11.98
11.88
12.05
11.20
11.28
12.41
12.80
10.11
10.25
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
See note at end of table.
88
Table 27. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2011 annual
averages—cont'd
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$5.65
$5.79
$4.89
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
6.23
6.71
6.98
7.07
7.26
7.58
7.78
7.93
8.06
8.28
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999
1999……………………………………
8.27
8.59
8.67
8.86
9.00
9.23
9.52
9.83
10.06
10.31
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
$4.79
5.18
5.81
5.97
5.96
6.16
6.15
6.57
6.74
6.94
7.07
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
8.55
8.82
8.89
9.07
9.21
9.62
9.79
9.96
10.18
10.61
7.37
7.57
7.62
7.67
7.92
8.16
8.18
8.67
9.09
9.77
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.74
6.88
6.99
7.12
7.17
7.26
7.62
7.90
8.24
8.61
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
13.76
10.95
11.61
11.86
12.03
12.16
12.47
12.88
13.22
13.85
13.95
9.98
10.18
10.24
10.81
10.88
10.90
11.42
11.57
11.99
12.27
$10.79
11.84
11.02
11.89
11.90
12.75
13.18
13.22
14.03
14.01
9.04
9.67
9.92
10.03
10.02
10.19
10.84
11.07
11.83
11.92
13.76
13.80
13.97
14.02
12.16
12.06
14.11
14.25
11.73
11.81
5.03
5.37
5.73
5.81
6.04
6.07
6.19
6.37
6.51
6.66
NOTE: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White,
Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who
selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race
were included in the group they identified as the main race. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003,
Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
89
Technical Note
The estimates in this report were obtained from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides a wide
range of information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment. The survey is conducted monthly for the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census
Bureau, using a national sample of about 60,000 households,
with coverage in all 50 states and the District of Columbia.
The earnings data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS
monthly sample.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may
be used without permission. This information is available to
sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice telephone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.
The BLS estimating procedure for determining the median
of an earnings distribution places each reported or calculated
weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that is
centered around a multiple of $50. The median is estimated
through the linear interpolation of the interval in which the
median lies.
Over-the-year changes in the medians (and other quantile
boundaries) for specific groups may not necessarily be
consistent with the movements estimated for the overall
quantile boundary. The most common reasons for this
possible anomaly are as follows:
• There could be a change in the relative weights of the
subgroups. For example, the medians of both 16- to
24-year-olds and those 25 years and older may rise, but
if the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts for a
greatly increased share of the total, the overall median
could actually fall.
Concepts and definitions
The principal concepts and definitions used in connection
with the earnings data in this report are described next.
• There could be a large change in the shape of the
distribution of reported earnings, particularly near
a quantile boundary. This change could be caused
by survey observations that are clustered at rounded
values—for example, $300, $400, or $500. An estimate
lying in a $50-wide centered interval containing such
a cluster, or “spike,” tends to change more slowly
than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the
calculation of the median for a multipeaked distribution
that shifts over time. As such a distribution shifts, the
median does not necessarily move at the same rate.
Specifically, the median takes relatively more time to
move through a frequently reported earnings interval,
but once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can
move relatively quickly to the next frequently reported
interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians (and
other quantile boundaries) mitigate such irregular
movements of the measures; however, users should be
cautious of these effects when evaluating short-term
changes in the medians and in ratios of the medians.
Usual weekly earnings. Data are collected on wages and
salaries before taxes and other deductions, and include any
overtime pay, commissions, and tips usually received (at the
principal job in the case of multiple jobholders). All selfemployed workers are excluded, both those with incorporated
businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Prior
to 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually
earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been
asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings
(hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually,
or other) and how much they usually earn in the period
reported. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly
are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term “usual” is
as perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a
definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define the
term as “more than half the weeks worked during the past 4
or 5 months.”
Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. Most of
the earnings estimates shown in this report are medians. The
median (or upper limit of the second quartile) is the amount
that divides a given earnings distribution into two equal
groups, one having earnings above the median and the other
having earnings below the median. Ten percent of workers in
a given distribution have earnings below the upper limit of the
first decile (90 percent have higher earnings), 25 percent have
earnings below the upper limit of the first quartile (75 percent
have higher earnings), 75 percent have earnings below the
upper limit of the third quartile (25 percent have higher
earnings), and 90 percent have earnings below the upper limit
of the ninth decile (10 percent have higher earnings).
Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index research
series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert
current dollars to constant dollars. BLS has made numerous
improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the
years. Although these improvements make the CPI more
accurate, the official histories of price index series are
not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many
researchers need a historical series that measures price
change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPI-U-RS
to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates most of
the methodological improvements made since 1978 into the
entire series. (For further information, see Kenneth J. Stewart
90
and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series using current
methods, 1978–98,” Monthly Labor Review, June 1999, on
the Internet at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/art4full.
pdf; and “Questions and Answers: Consumer Price Index
Research Series Using Current Methods,” on the Internet at
www.bls.gov/cpi/cpirsqa.pdf.)
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-URS available at the time of production. Users should note,
however, that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic revision.
As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated into the constantdollar earnings estimates in this report may differ from that in
previous reports in this series or in other publications.
workers not paid by the hour because of data quality concerns
associated with such an estimation process.
The prevailing Federal minimum wage was $2.90,
effective January 1, 1979; $3.10, effective January 1, 1980;
$3.35, effective January 1, 1981; $3.80, effective April 1,
1990; $4.25, effective April 1, 1991; $4.75, effective October
1, 1996; $5.15, effective September 1, 1997; $5.85, effective
July 24, 2007; $6.55, effective July 24, 2008; and $7.25,
effective July 24, 2009. Data for 1990–1991, 1996–1997,
and 2007–2009 reflect changes in the minimum wage that
took place during those years. Note that some states have
established minimum-wage standards that exceed the federal
level.
The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the
minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of
the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), because there are a
number of exemptions to the minimum-wage provisions
of the law. In addition, some workers might have rounded
their hourly earnings in response to survey questions. As a
result, some might have reported hourly earnings below the
minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the minimum
wage or higher.
Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive
wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece
rates. The group includes employees in both the private and
public sectors but, for purposes of the earnings series, excludes
all self-employed persons, both those with incorporated
businesses and those with unincorporated businesses.
Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates
of earnings, workers who usually work 35 hours or more per
week at their sole or principal job are defined as working full
time.
Reliability
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error. Whenever a sample, rather than an entire
population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the “true” population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
with the particular sample selected, and this variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about
a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate
based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses generally are conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence. Estimates of earnings and their standard
errors can be used to construct approximate confidence
intervals, or ranges of values, that include the true population
value with known probabilities.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.
This kind of error can occur for many reasons, including
the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability
to obtain information on all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in data collection or processing.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS
and for information on estimating standard errors, see the
“Reliability of the estimates” section of Household Data
technical documentation on the Internet at www.bls.gov/cps/
eetech_methods.pdf.
Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates
of earnings, workers who usually work less than 35 hours
per week at their sole or principal job are defined as working
part time.
Workers paid by the hour. Historically, workers paid an
hourly wage have made up approximately three-fifths of
all wage and salary workers. Workers paid by the hour are
included in the full- and part-time worker tables in this report,
along with salaried workers and other workers not paid by
the hour. Data for workers paid at hourly rates are presented
separately in tables 9–12, 21–22, and 26–27.
Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage. The
estimates of the numbers of workers with reported earnings
at or below the federal minimum wage in tables 11 and 12
pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried
workers and other workers who are not paid by the hour
are not included, even though some have earnings that, if
converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the minimum
wage. Consequently, the estimates presented in this report
likely understate the actual number of workers with hourly
earnings at or below the minimum wage. Research has
shown, however, that the degree of understatement is small.
BLS does not routinely estimate the hourly earnings of
91