U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
O C T O B E R
2 0 1 3 R E P O R T
1 0 4 5
Highlights of Women’s Earnings
in 2012
and definitions used in this report, see the accompanying
technical notes section.
Earnings of full-time workers
Age
I
n 2012, women who were full-time wage and salary
workers had median usual weekly earnings of $691. On
average in 2012, women made about 81 percent of the
median earnings of male full-time wage and salary workers
($854). In 1979, the first year for which comparable
earnings data are available, women earned 62 percent of
what men earned. (See chart 1 and tables 1 and 12.)
This report presents data highlights and statistical tables
of earnings data from the Current Population Survey
(CPS), a national monthly survey of approximately 60,000
households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Information on
earnings is collected from one-fourth of the CPS sample
each month. It is important to note that the comparisons
of earnings in this report are on a broad level and do
not control for many factors that can be significant in
explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description
of the source of the data and an explanation of the concepts
Median weekly earnings were highest for women age 35 to
64 in 2012, with little difference in the earnings of 35- to
44-year-olds ($747), 45- to 54-year-olds ($746), and 55- to
64-year-olds ($766). Among men, workers who were age
45 to 64 had the highest earnings, with 45- to 54-yearolds ($994) making about the same as 55- to 64-year-olds
($1,005). Young women and men age 16 to 24 had the
lowest earnings ($416 and $468, respectively). (See table 1.)
Among the age groupings of those 35 years and older,
women had earnings that ranged from 75 percent to 78
CONTENTS
Earnings of full-time workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Age. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Race and ethnicity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Occupation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Status as a parent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
State of residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Weekly work hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Earnings of part-time workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Earnings of workers paid by the hour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Statistical Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Technical Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov1 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Chart 1
Women's earnings as a percentage of men's, full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2012 annual averages
Percent
90.0
85.0
80.0
75.0
70.0
65.0
60.0
55.0
50.0
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
Note: Data relate to annual averages of median usual weekly earnings for full-time wage and salary workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
percent of the earnings of their male counterparts. Among
younger workers, the earnings differences between women
and men were not as great. Among workers who were 25
to 34 years old, women earned 90 percent of what men
earned; among 16- to 24-year-olds, women earned 89
percent as much as men. (See table 1.)
Asians ($770), while Blacks ($599) and Hispanics ($521)
earned 78 percent and 68 percent as much as Asians,
respectively. In comparison, White men ($879) earned 83
percent as much as Asian men ($1,055); Black men ($665)
earned 63 percent as much as Asians; and Hispanic men
($592), 56 percent. (See chart 2 and table 1.)
Between 1979 and 2012, women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios
rose for most age groups. Among 25- to 34-year-olds, for
example, the ratio increased from 68 percent in 1979 to
90 percent in 2012. The women’s-to-men’s earnings ratio
for 45- to 54-year-olds increased from 57 percent to 75
percent. (See table 12.)
Earnings differences between women and men were the
most pronounced for Whites and for Asians. White women
earned 81 percent as much as White men in 2012, while
Asian women earned 73 percent as much as their male
counterparts. In comparison, Black and Hispanic women
had median earnings that were 90 percent and 88 percent,
respectively, of those of their male counterparts. (See
table 1.)
Race and ethnicity
Asian women and men earned more than their White,
Black, and Hispanic or Latino counterparts in 2012. Among
women, Whites ($710) earned 92 percent as much as
2
When adjusted for inflation, women’s earnings since 1979
have increased considerably across the major race and
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Chart 2
Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2012
annual averages
Earnings
(dollars)
$1,200
$1,055
Women
$1,000
Men
$879
$854
$770
$800
$691
$710
$665
$599
$600
$592
$521
$400
$200
$0
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity
Note: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics..
Hispanic ethnicity categories. Earnings growth has been
largest for White women, outpacing that of their Black and
Hispanic counterparts. Between 1979 and 2012, inflationadjusted earnings (also called constant-dollar earnings)
rose by 31 percent for White women, compared with an
increase of 20 percent for Black women and 13 percent for
Hispanic women. In contrast, earnings for White and Black
men in 2012 showed little or no change from their 1979
constant-dollar levels, while Hispanic men’s earnings were
down by 8 percent after adjusting for inflation. (See table
18.) Asians were not included in this analysis because
comparable data for the group are not available until 2003.
(See note in table 18.)
Education
Median weekly earnings vary significantly by level of
educational attainment. Among both women and men age
25 and older, the weekly earnings of those without a high
school diploma ($386 for women and $508 for men) were
about two-fifths of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher
($1,001 for women and $1,371 for men) in 2012. Women
and men with a high school diploma who had not attended
college earned a little more than half of what women and
men with a bachelor’s degree or higher did, and those with
some college or an associate’s degree earned around twothirds as much as those with a bachelor’s. (See table 1.)
At each level of education, women have fared better
than men with respect to earnings growth. Although both
women and men without a high school diploma have
experienced declines in inflation-adjusted earnings since
1979, the drop for women was significantly less than that
for men: a 14-percent decrease for women as opposed to
a 32-percent decline for men. On an inflation-adjusted
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov3 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
basis, earnings for women with a college degree have
increased by 28 percent since 1979, while those of
male college graduates have risen by 17 percent. (Data
pertain to workers age 25 and older.) (See chart 3 and
table 19.)
Occupation
Among both women and men, median weekly earnings
for those working full time in management, business,
and financial operations jobs were higher than in any
other major occupational category in 2012 ($993 for
women and $1,387 for men). Of women in management,
business, and financial operations occupations, those
who were chief executives, computer and information
systems managers, and management analysts had the
highest median weekly earnings ($1,730, $1,527, and
$1,325, respectively). Among men in this job group,
chief executives and architectural and engineering
managers had the highest earnings ($2,275 and $2,116,
respectively). The second highest paying occupational
group for women and men was professional and related
occupations ($928 for women and $1,267 for men).
Among women in professional and related occupations,
those who were pharmacists ($1,871) and lawyers
($1,636) had the highest earnings. For men in professional
and related occupations, those who were physicians and
surgeons ($2,099), lawyers ($2,055), and pharmacists
($1,879) earned the most. (See table 2.)
Chart 3
Percent change in constant-dollar median usual weekly earnings, by educational attainment and sex, 1979–2012
17.4
Men
Bachelor's degree and higher
28.5
Women
-11.7
Some college or associate's degree
5.9
-19.1
High school graduates, no college
2.7
-31.6
Less than a high school diploma
-13.8
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Percent change
Note: Data relate to earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, 25 years and older.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
4
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
The occupational distributions of female and male fulltime workers differ significantly. Compared with men,
relatively few women work in construction, production,
or transportation occupations, and women are far more
concentrated in administrative support jobs. (See chart 4
and table 2.)
work in education and healthcare jobs, in which the pay
is generally lower than that for computer and engineering
jobs. Sixty-eight percent of women in this occupational
category worked in the education and healthcare fields in
2012, compared with 30 percent of men. (See table 2.)
Women are more likely than men to work in professional
and related occupations. Within this occupational category,
though, the proportion of women employed in the higher
paying job groups is much smaller than the proportion of
men employed in them. In 2012, 9 percent of women in
professional and related occupations were employed in the
relatively high-paying computer and engineering fields,
compared with 45 percent of men in this field. Women in
professional and related occupations were more likely to
In 2012, a little more than one-third of full-time wage
and salary workers were parents of children under age 18
(36 percent of women and 37 percent of men). Among
women, median weekly earnings for mothers of children
under age 18 were $680, slightly below the earnings for
women without children under 18 ($697). Among men,
earnings for fathers with children under 18 were $946,
compared with $799 for men without children under 18.
(See table 7.)
Status as a parent
Chart 4
Distribution of full-time wage and salary employment, by sex and major occupational group, 2012 annual averages
Percentage of total employment
35
Women
29.0
30
Men
25
21.8
20
19.3
18.9
17.3
16.7
16.1
15.9
15
13.1
10
8.8
9.5
6.6
6.1
5
0.9
0
Management,
business, and
financial operations
occupations
Service occupations
Professional and
related occupations
Sales and related
occupations
Office and
administrative
support occupations
Natural resources,
construction, and
maintenance
occupations
Production,
transportation, and
material moving
occupations
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov5 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
State of residence
Median weekly earnings and women’s-to-men’s earnings
ratios vary by state of residence. The differences among
the states reflect, in part, variation in the occupations and
industries found in each state and diversity in the age
composition of each state’s labor force. In general, the
sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger
than it is for the national estimates; thus, comparisons of
state estimates should be made with caution. (See table 3.)
Weekly work hours
Among full-time workers (that is, those working at a job 35
hours or more per week), men are more likely than women
to have a longer workweek. Twenty-six percent of men
worked 41 or more hours per week in 2012, compared with
14 percent of women who did so. Women were more likely
than men to work 35 to 39 hours per week: 12 percent of
women worked those hours in 2012, while 5 percent of
men did. A large majority of both male and female full-time
workers had a 40-hour workweek; among these workers,
women earned 88 percent as much as men earned. (People
who usually work 35 or more hours per week but whose
hours vary were excluded from this analysis.) (See table 5.)
Earnings of part-time workers
Women are more likely than men to work part time—that
is, less than 35 hours per week on a sole, or principal, job.
Women who worked part time made up 26 percent of all
female wage and salary workers in 2012. In contrast, 13
percent of men in wage and salary jobs worked part time.
(See tables 4 and 5.)
6
Women and men who worked part time had similar median
earnings. Median weekly earnings for female part-timers
were $236 in 2012, just slightly above the $226 median for
their male counterparts. (See table 4.)
Men who work part time tend to be younger than women
who work part time. In 2012, 43 percent of male parttime workers were 16 to 24 years old, compared with 29
percent of female part-time workers who were that age.
(See table 4.)
Earnings of workers paid by the
hour
Sixty-two percent of women and 56 percent of men
employed in wage and salary jobs were paid by the hour
in 2012. Women who were paid hourly rates had median
hourly earnings of $11.99, which was 86 percent of the
median for men paid by the hour ($13.88). (See tables 8
and 11.)
Among workers who were paid hourly rates in 2012,
6 percent of women and 3 percent of men had hourly
earnings at or below the prevailing federal minimum wage
of $7.25. (See table 10.)
Among both women and men, hourly paid workers age 16
to 19 were the most likely to have earnings at or below the
minimum wage. Twenty-one percent of teenage workers
who were paid hourly rates earned the prevailing federal
minimum wage or less in 2012, compared with just 3
percent of hourly paid workers age 25 and older. Nine
percent of hourly paid workers who were age 20 to 24 had
earnings at or below the minimum wage. (See table 10.)
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Statistical Tables
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov7 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by selected characteristics,
2012 annual averages
Both sexes
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$768
444
356
464
815
707
858
878
897
757
$2
4
5
4
2
3
5
5
6
13
45,462
3,866
415
3,450
41,597
10,617
10,410
11,505
7,680
1,385
$691
416
330
429
727
666
747
746
766
667
$3
3
8
6
2
4
5
5
5
15
81,779
12,230
5,790
16,302
792
621
920
568
3
4
12
5
35,108
6,474
2,560
6,414
710
599
770
521
3
4
13
4
27,428
58,088
17,233
11,531
4,082
1,620
609
880
735
774
620
691
2
3
4
5
8
18
11,993
23,718
9,752
6,462
2,081
1,208
594
751
675
720
570
645
3
3
6
6
10
15
Members of unions2…………………………………
12,847
Represented by unions3……………………………… 14,173
Not represented by a union...................................
88,575
943
933
742
6
5
2
5,494
6,174
39,289
877
865
663
7
7
3
815
471
652
749
1,165
2
4
3
3
4
41,597
2,236
10,152
12,310
16,899
727
386
561
659
1,001
2
4
4
4
5
Characteristic
Age
Total, 16 years and older....................................... 102,749
16 to 24 years....................................................
9,030
16 to 19 years.................................................
1,019
20 to 24 years.................................................
8,011
25 years and older.............................................
93,719
25 to 34 years.................................................
24,585
35 to 44 years.................................................
24,084
45 to 54 years.................................................
25,345
55 to 64 years.................................................
16,518
65 years and older..........................................
3,186
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Educational Attainment
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
93,719
7,010
25,239
25,826
35,644
See footnotes at end of table.
8
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 1. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years....................................................
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
25 years and older.............................................
25 to 34 years.................................................
35 to 44 years.................................................
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
57,286
5,164
603
4,561
52,122
13,968
13,675
13,840
8,838
1,801
$854
468
373
482
910
738
957
994
1,005
860
$4
5
7
3
3
4
6
6
7
26
80.9
88.9
88.5
89.0
79.9
90.2
78.1
75.1
76.2
77.6
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
46,672
5,756
3,231
9,887
879
665
1,055
592
4
8
23
4
80.8
90.1
73.0
88.0
15,435
34,370
7,481
5,069
2,001
411
620
981
815
858
696
847
4
4
7
10
14
39
95.8
76.6
82.8
83.9
81.9
76.2
Members of unions2…………………………………
7,353
Represented by unions3……………………………… 8,000
Not represented by a union...................................
49,287
997
990
821
7
7
4
88.0
87.4
80.8
910
508
735
857
1,371
3
3
4
6
7
79.9
76.0
76.3
76.9
73.0
Characteristic
Age
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Educational Attainment
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
52,122
4,773
15,087
13,517
18,745
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.
2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
Note: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov9 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Total, 16 years and older……………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations and fundraising managers…………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Compensation and benefits managers………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Training and development managers………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farmers, ranchers, and other
agricultural managers………………………………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Architectural and engineering managers……………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral service managers……….……………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers………..…………
Social and community service managers……………
Emergency management directors…………………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers……………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources workers……………………………
Compensation, benefits, and job
analysis specialists…………………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
102,749
$768
$2
40,984
1,108
5
16,991
11,547
1,004
983
7
65
916
56
133
568
1,125
16
216
33
219
204
1,171
1,248
2,060
1,264
–
1,334
1,396
1,237
1,103
1,672
1,169
–
1,271
–
1,183
1,319
276
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
45,462
$691
$3
21,059
951
4
8
7
72
22
–
54
48
53
74
60
28
–
73
–
72
83
7,869
4,765
265
278
3
29
402
39
57
145
616
9
160
17
34
99
993
1,036
1,730
971
–
–
1,110
–
1,038
1,527
988
–
1,208
–
–
1,072
7
12
89
37
–
–
53
–
55
78
28
–
80
–
–
169
953
37
36
–
–
104
460
704
111
678
8
21
100
502
18
35
708
1,208
1,255
2,122
689
–
–
774
1,280
–
–
74
66
34
184
21
–
–
184
42
–
–
14
35
454
9
327
4
6
47
358
11
21
–
–
1,052
–
601
–
–
–
1,190
–
–
–
–
64
–
20
–
–
–
66
–
–
353
260
5
2,367
5,443
907
947
–
1,258
1,058
43
28
–
16
12
200
184
2
902
3,105
817
883
–
1,078
952
35
55
–
27
9
31
8
–
–
–
–
16
2
–
–
–
–
141
850
47
75
847
76
239
987
29
130
942
69
307
192
91
559
909
1,183
1,154
994
36
80
38
27
203
91
10
401
803
999
–
944
21
32
–
21
72
961
67
59
866
124
See note at end of table.
10
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Total, 16 years and older……………………………………
57,286
$854
$4
80.9
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations and fundraising managers…………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Compensation and benefits managers………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Training and development managers………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farmers, ranchers, and other
agricultural managers………………………………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Architectural and engineering managers……………
Food service managers………………………………
Funeral service managers……….……………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers………..…………
Social and community service managers……………
Emergency management directors…………………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers……………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources workers……………………………
Compensation, benefits, and job
analysis specialists…………………………………
19,926
1,328
8
71.6
9,121
6,783
739
705
4
36
514
17
76
423
509
7
56
16
185
104
1,387
1,428
2,275
1,436
–
–
1,640
–
1,212
1,740
1,405
–
1,447
–
1,181
1,467
12
12
88
35
–
–
31
–
166
49
34
–
61
–
67
35
71.6
72.5
76.0
67.6
–
–
67.7
–
85.6
87.8
70.3
–
83.5
–
–
73.1
240
938
41
–
89
425
250
101
351
5
15
53
144
7
14
699
1,233
1,566
2,116
744
–
–
1,131
1,544
–
–
84
31
45
148
21
–
–
249
63
–
–
–
–
67.2
–
80.8
–
–
–
77.1
–
–
153
76
3
1,465
2,339
1,045
1,151
–
1,409
1,274
66
39
–
35
35
78.2
76.7
–
76.5
74.7
15
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
66
853
55
99.3
109
1,057
111
89.1
104
101
81
158
1,158
1,304
1,164
1,249
84
101
43
36
69.3
76.6
–
75.6
13
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov11 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
120
Training and development specialists………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
88
Management analysts…………………………………
479
Meeting, convention, and event planners……………
86
Fundraisers……………………………………………
61
Market research analysts and marketing
specialists……………………………………………
175
Business operations specialists, all other……………
220
Accountants and auditors……………………………
1,471
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
48
Budget analysts………………………………………
52
Credit analysts…………………………………………
33
Financial analysts………………………………………
77
Personal financial advisors……………………………
278
Insurance underwriters………………………………
91
Financial examiners……………………………………
11
Credit counselors and loan officers…………………
310
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue
agents…………………………………………………
87
Tax preparers…………………………………………
48
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
68
Professional and related occupations…………………… 23,993
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
3,416
Computer and information research scientists……
27
Computer systems analysts…………………………
440
Information security analysts…………………………
51
Computer programmers………………………………
439
Software developers, applications and systems
software……………………………………………… 1,005
Web developers………………………………………
123
Computer support specialists…………………………
429
Database administrators………………………………
97
Network and computer systems administrators……
204
Computer network architects…………………………
115
Computer occupations, all other……………………
288
Actuaries………………………………………………
19
Mathematicians…………………………………………
4
Operations research analysts…………………………
127
Statisticians……………………………………………
44
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
4
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,588
Architects, except naval………………………………
130
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
45
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
120
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
4
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
11
Chemical engineers……………………………………
71
Civil engineers…………………………………………
334
Computer hardware engineers………………………
73
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
311
Environmental engineers………………………………
39
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……
202
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$983
1,009
1,452
819
1,058
$55
78
42
30
51
1,148
970
1,110
–
1,207
–
1,487
1,327
954
–
934
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
69
30
202
72
45
$866
–
1,325
824
–
$49
–
159
76
–
44
33
24
–
88
–
88
72
29
–
22
90
147
886
25
28
18
30
96
66
6
181
1,073
904
996
–
–
–
–
1,016
933
–
850
47
37
19
–
–
–
–
79
26
–
26
937
–
1,025
1,053
1,349
–
1,406
1,592
1,324
63
–
105
6
13
–
53
60
37
54
25
48
13,189
872
6
145
8
100
849
–
–
928
1,146
–
1,254
–
1,148
53
–
–
5
18
–
39
–
49
1,591
1,082
960
1,376
1,191
1,548
1,110
–
–
1,334
–
36
181
21
82
108
72
76
–
–
82
–
197
36
116
40
51
11
65
6
1
70
18
1,362
–
881
–
1,056
–
887
–
–
1,169
–
44
–
38
–
36
–
110
–
–
86
–
–
1,337
1,325
–
14
202
3
319
29
–
1,136
–
–
28
–
–
1,645
–
–
1,509
1,367
1,548
1,550
–
1,393
–
50
–
–
166
27
56
50
–
45
12
10
1
1
10
47
7
27
6
34
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
12
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
51
Training and development specialists………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
57
Management analysts…………………………………
277
Meeting, convention and event planners……………
15
Fundraisers……………………………………………
16
Market research analysts and marketing
specialists……………………………………………
85
Business operations specialists, all other……………
73
Accountants and auditors……………………………
585
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
23
Budget analysts………………………………………
24
Credit analysts…………………………………………
15
Financial analysts………………………………………
48
Personal financial advisors……………………………
182
Insurance underwriters………………………………
24
Financial examiners……………………………………
5
Credit counselors and loan officers…………………
130
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue
agents…………………………………………………
33
Tax preparers…………………………………………
24
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
20
Professional and related occupations…………………… 10,804
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
2,544
Computer and information research scientists……
21
Computer systems analysts…………………………
295
Information security analysts…………………………
43
Computer programmers………………………………
340
Software developers, applications and systems
software………………………………………………
808
Web developers………………………………………
86
Computer support specialists…………………………
313
Database administrators………………………………
57
Network and computer systems administrators……
153
Computer network architects…………………………
104
Computer occupations, all other……………………
223
Actuaries………………………………………………
14
Mathematicians…………………………………………
3
Operations research analysts…………………………
57
Statisticians……………………………………………
26
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
1
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
2,269
Architects, except naval………………………………
102
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists…………………………………
32
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
111
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
3
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
10
Chemical engineers……………………………………
61
Civil engineers…………………………………………
287
Computer hardware engineers………………………
66
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
284
Environmental engineers………………………………
33
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……
167
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
$1,144
1,225
1,535
–
–
$53
123
83
–
–
75.7
–
86.3
–
–
1,197
1,271
1,350
–
–
–
–
1,532
–
–
1,074
98
242
18
–
–
–
–
109
–
–
120
89.6
71.1
73.8
–
–
–
–
66.3
–
–
79.1
–
–
–
1,267
1,414
–
1,477
–
1,363
–
–
–
10
18
–
42
–
35
–
–
–
73.2
81.0
–
84.9
–
84.2
1,674
1,204
985
1,657
1,253
1,569
1,155
–
–
1,551
–
53
67
30
48
31
80
45
–
–
87
–
81.4
–
89.4
–
84.3
–
76.8
–
–
75.4
–
–
1,358
1,415
–
14
67
–
83.7
–
–
1,665
–
–
1,582
1,428
1,571
1,614
–
1,408
–
48
–
–
289
54
71
103
–
48
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov13 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
Materials engineers……………………………………
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
Engineers, all other……………………………………
Drafters…………………………………………………
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Life scientists, all other………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Survey researchers……………………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Social science research assistants…………………
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists……………………………………………
Social and human service assistants ………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists, including health educators and
community health workers…………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judicial law clerks………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
10
36
280
–
–
$1,434
–
–
$40
2
6
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
9
10
33
315
129
360
67
1,098
34
94
18
123
1
22
14
98
93
145
23
3
93
4
28
–
–
–
1,439
962
989
885
1,134
–
1,181
–
1,163
–
–
–
1,163
1,266
1,456
–
–
1,228
–
–
–
–
–
48
52
21
54
16
–
40
–
37
–
–
–
33
202
164
–
–
186
–
–
–
–
3
40
21
48
4
467
10
43
2
59
–
3
2
42
25
50
5
2
72
1
12
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$1,015
–
–
–
1,060
–
–
–
–
–
1,171
–
–
1,155
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$25
–
–
–
50
–
–
–
–
–
225
–
–
29
–
–
44
29
14
62
22
4
3
–
–
–
779
–
–
–
–
–
–
128
–
–
–
22
15
6
17
10
–
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
128
1,891
519
668
745
838
848
847
33
11
20
16
66
1,177
347
535
620
820
855
845
17
17
23
19
85
124
948
637
37
79
40
99
–
656
–
76
74
344
37
40
1,315
690
9
64
372
181
667
895
–
–
1,328
1,909
–
1,637
872
815
55
65
–
–
46
19
–
352
26
63
51
63
23
20
716
228
5
26
317
139
642
777
–
–
1,013
1,636
–
–
865
754
102
58
–
–
28
75
–
–
28
37
See note at end of table.
14
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
Materials engineers……………………………………
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
Engineers, all other……………………………………
Drafters…………………………………………………
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Life scientists, all other………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Survey researchers……………………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Social science research assistants…………………
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists……………………………………………
Social and human service assistants ………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists, including health educators and
community health workers…………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judicial law clerks………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
7
30
270
–
–
$1,442
–
–
$41
–
–
–
8
10
30
275
108
312
63
631
23
51
15
64
1
19
13
56
68
96
18
1
21
2
16
–
–
–
1,456
958
1,008
891
1,226
–
1,331
–
1,331
–
–
–
1,226
1,390
1,522
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
45
47
22
53
51
–
44
–
256
–
–
–
158
80
72
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
82.8
–
–
–
79.6
–
–
–
–
–
76.9
–
–
–
–
–
22
14
8
45
12
4
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
62
714
172
134
825
869
833
856
66
25
38
29
75.2
94.4
102.6
98.7
44
25
–
–
–
–
–
–
24
281
14
21
600
462
4
38
54
42
–
959
–
–
1,884
2,055
–
–
919
–
–
44
–
–
24
85
–
–
109
–
–
81.0
–
–
53.8
79.6
–
–
94.1
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov15 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators…………………………….……
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
6,454
920
494
2,435
1,043
307
372
40
143
21
567
110
$915
1,216
589
942
1,009
944
785
–
966
–
458
1,011
$7
37
23
8
18
29
30
–
31
–
12
71
4,687
424
485
1,971
578
264
220
21
120
17
515
72
$858
1,055
588
921
978
940
729
–
960
–
452
932
$7
35
23
9
21
26
52
–
30
–
13
54
1,440
68
467
10
75
89
5
49
969
1,131
953
–
1,048
958
–
–
15
33
27
–
37
61
–
–
631
24
226
5
34
25
5
13
885
–
855
–
–
–
–
–
23
–
42
–
–
–
–
–
14
20
63
133
121
52
86
43
–
–
1,021
1,127
946
1,227
899
–
–
–
70
65
26
102
43
–
5
3
24
79
62
27
46
28
–
–
–
989
889
–
–
–
–
–
–
67
71
–
–
–
70
37
875
–
150
–
5
14
–
–
–
–
34
–
–
5
–
–
3
5,791
7
49
79
7
223
655
88
1
7
85
144
11
10
92
88
–
1,028
–
–
840
–
1,877
1,887
1,329
–
–
1,189
1,287
–
–
979
1,128
–
11
–
–
109
–
48
27
147
–
–
92
38
–
–
81
40
2
4,320
3
13
73
3
116
226
61
1
6
82
88
9
9
56
86
–
980
–
–
845
–
1,871
1,418
1,364
–
–
1,200
1,190
–
–
936
1,121
–
9
–
–
97
–
89
98
69
–
–
90
114
–
–
39
56
See note at end of table.
16
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations………………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators…………………………….……
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Media and communication equipment workers,
all other………………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
1,766
497
9
464
465
43
151
20
24
4
51
38
$1,133
1,366
–
1,128
1,050
–
917
–
–
–
493
–
$12
34
–
24
31
–
50
–
–
–
16
–
75.7
77.2
–
81.6
93.1
–
79.5
–
–
–
91.7
–
809
44
241
5
41
63
–
36
1,055
–
1,028
–
–
1,018
–
–
23
–
58
–
–
58
–
–
83.9
–
83.2
–
–
–
–
–
9
17
39
55
59
24
40
15
–
–
–
1,351
993
–
–
–
–
–
–
70
121
–
–
–
–
–
–
73.2
89.5
–
–
–
64
24
924
–
177
–
–
–
29
–
–
–
1
1,471
4
37
6
4
107
429
27
–
1
3
56
1
1
36
3
–
1,245
–
–
–
–
1,879
2,099
–
–
–
–
1,362
–
–
–
–
–
23
–
–
–
–
25
146
–
–
–
–
36
–
–
–
–
–
78.7
–
–
–
–
99.6
67.6
–
–
–
–
87.4
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov17 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
88
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
49
Registered nurses……………………………………
2,176
Nurse anesthetists……………………………………
24
Nurse midwives…………………………………………
2
Nurse practitioners……………………………………
77
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
3
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
256
Dental hygienists………………………………………
51
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
241
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
145
Health practitioner support technologists and
technicians……………………...……………………
403
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
433
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
74
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
41
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
113
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
69
Service occupations………………………………………… 14,839
Healthcare support occupations…………………………
2,350
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
1,458
Occupational therapy assistants and aides…………
11
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
45
Massage therapists……………………………………
42
Dental assistants………………………………………
174
Medical assistants……………………………………
323
Medical transcriptionists………………………………
30
Pharmacy aides………………………………………
30
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal
caretakers……………………………………………
22
Phlebotomists…………………………………………
101
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations,
including medical equipment preparers……………
112
Protective service occupations……………………………
2,655
First-line supervisors of correctional officers………
51
First-line supervisors of police and detectives………
105
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and
prevention workers……………………………………
59
First-line supervisors of protective service
workers, all other……………………………………
80
Firefighters………………………………………………
276
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
15
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
363
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
151
5
Fish and game wardens………………………………
3
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
629
Transit and railroad police……………………………
3
Animal control workers………………………………
8
Private detectives and investigators…………………
76
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$926
–
1,097
–
–
1,610
$60
–
13
–
–
52
71
29
1,946
12
2
65
$877
–
1,086
–
–
1,530
$93
–
13
–
–
90
–
869
1,045
961
780
–
34
41
32
33
–
180
50
174
44
–
842
1,047
912
–
–
34
39
36
–
615
731
16
17
322
400
621
730
18
17
618
–
57
–
65
24
663
–
65
–
772
53
71
714
34
900
485
482
451
–
–
–
579
514
–
–
69
2
5
6
–
–
–
14
9
–
–
34
7,328
2,060
1,285
11
26
32
172
302
29
28
–
435
477
445
–
–
–
581
515
–
–
–
4
5
6
–
–
–
13
9
–
–
–
520
–
27
15
82
–
516
–
27
487
791
820
1,216
32
14
44
124
77
500
17
16
462
658
–
–
32
13
–
–
1,271
114
–
–
–
881
1,068
–
722
1,062
–
–
979
–
–
848
37
38
–
23
52
–
–
32
–
–
53
26
8
2
102
37
1
1
76
–
3
34
–
–
–
643
–
–
–
815
–
–
–
–
–
–
27
–
–
–
77
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
18
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
Registered nurses……………………………………
Nurse anesthetists……………………………………
Nurse midwives…………………………………………
Nurse practitioners……………………………………
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
Dental hygienists………………………………………
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
Health practitioner support technologists and
technicians……………………...……………………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
Service occupations…………………………………………
Healthcare support occupations…………………………
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
Occupational therapy assistants and aides…………
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
Massage therapists……………………………………
Dental assistants………………………………………
Medical assistants……………………………………
Medical transcriptionists………………………………
Pharmacy aides………………………………………
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal
caretakers……………………………………………
Phlebotomists…………………………………………
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations,
including medical equipment preparers……………
Protective service occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors of correctional officers………
First-line supervisors of police and detectives………
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and
prevention workers……………………………………
First-line supervisors of protective service
workers, all other……………………………………
Firefighters………………………………………………
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
Fish and game wardens………………………………
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
Transit and railroad police……………………………
Animal control workers………………………………
Private detectives and investigators…………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
16
20
230
11
–
12
–
–
$1,189
–
–
–
–
–
$29
–
–
–
–
–
91.3
–
–
–
3
76
–
67
100
–
943
–
1,131
809
–
59
–
43
31
–
89.3
–
80.6
–
82
33
599
–
26
–
103.7
–
9
17
–
–
–
–
–
–
42
–
–
–
36
7,511
290
173
–
19
11
2
21
1
2
–
543
529
508
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6
23
23
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
80.1
90.2
87.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
19
–
–
–
–
–
–
35
2,154
33
89
–
841
–
1,240
–
17
–
80
–
78.2
–
–
59
1,272
120
–
54
268
13
261
114
4
2
554
3
5
42
806
1,073
–
768
1,171
–
–
1,016
–
–
–
94
40
–
26
84
–
–
34
–
–
–
–
–
–
83.7
–
–
–
80.2
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov19 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
Crossing guards………………………………………
Transportation security screeners……………………
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all
other protective service workers……………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations………
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
First-line supervisors of food preparation
and serving workers…………………………………
Cooks……………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………
Bartenders………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers………………………..……………
Dishwashers……………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and
janitorial workers……………………………………
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers……………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of gaming workers……………
First-line supervisors of personal service workers…
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Embalmers and funeral attendents…………………
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Childcare workers………………………………………
Personal care aides……………………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
742
17
18
$528
–
–
$14
–
–
55
4,164
318
472
410
562
415
1,240
432
209
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
138
9
6
$501
–
–
$20
–
–
66
3
21
24
1,975
56
–
389
462
–
4
49
491
389
383
460
15
5
8
22
245
408
241
112
451
361
357
421
21
6
12
18
166
382
16
109
368
31
56
891
112
350
411
456
18
7
27
40
569
63
–
396
434
–
8
40
137
127
370
345
13
13
67
21
366
–
15
–
59
391
19
44
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
3,430
465
6
1,156
407
4
159
569
19
72
505
22
109
1,514
791
62
795
2,241
92
83
11
78
74
10
745
484
399
571
455
468
752
600
–
414
604
–
25
7
5
29
14
9
48
29
–
17
34
–
4
380
668
3
29
1,637
34
53
8
57
38
5
–
408
395
–
–
428
–
518
–
417
–
–
–
8
6
–
–
8
–
19
–
17
–
–
61
8
23
57
294
154
49
20
425
549
470
–
–
466
473
427
–
–
390
422
40
–
–
67
18
42
–
–
9
8
26
2
3
15
272
123
7
8
395
450
–
–
–
–
468
430
–
–
386
412
–
–
–
–
20
50
–
–
9
8
See note at end of table.
20
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
Crossing guards………………………………………
Transportation security screeners……………………
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all
other protective service workers……………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations………
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
First-line supervisors of food preparation
and serving workers…………………………………
Cooks……………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………
Bartenders………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers………………………..……………
Dishwashers……………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and
janitorial workers……………………………………
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn
service, and groundskeeping workers……………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of gaming workers……………
First-line supervisors of personal service workers…
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Embalmers and funeral attendents…………………
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors………
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Childcare workers………………………………………
Personal care aides……………………………………
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
603
8
12
$537
–
–
$15
–
–
93.3
–
–
32
2,189
261
–
433
582
–
8
19
–
89.8
79.4
170
833
191
97
561
403
408
520
25
6
11
47
80.4
89.6
87.5
81.0
57
406
30
90.6
17
322
49
–
456
–
–
24
–
–
86.8
–
70
106
374
337
26
15
97.9
–
15
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
2,275
501
5
81.2
88
687
37
73.5
105
1,134
123
59
766
603
59
30
4
21
36
5
748
511
425
570
452
569
864
–
–
–
–
–
29
8
24
28
15
27
58
–
–
–
–
–
–
79.8
92.9
–
–
75.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
35
6
19
42
22
31
41
12
31
99
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
465
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
88.6
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov21 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
174
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
48
Personal care and service workers, all other………
32
Sales and office occupations………………………………… 23,115
Sales and related occupations……………………………
9,433
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers………
2,295
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers…
791
Cashiers………………………………………………… 1,348
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
96
Parts salespersons……………………………………
88
Retail salespersons…………………………………… 1,842
Advertising sales agents………………………………
191
Insurance sales agents………………………………
389
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
220
Travel agents……………………………………………
44
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
415
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing………………………………………… 1,091
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
18
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
328
Sales engineers………………………………………
26
Telemarketers…………………………………………
65
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors,
d
and
d related
l t d workers………………………
k
43
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
144
Office and administrative support occupations………… 13,683
First-line supervisors of office and administrative
support workers……………………………………… 1,274
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
28
Telephone operators…………………………………
35
Communications equipment operators, all other……
8
Bill and account collectors……………………………
183
Billing and posting clerks………………………………
394
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
857
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
6
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
126
Procurement clerks……………………………………
26
Tellers……………………………………………………
268
Financial clerks, all other………………………………
44
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
5
Correspondence clerks………………………………
6
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
77
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
42
Customer service representatives…………………… 1,535
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
78
File clerks………………………………………………
204
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
73
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
104
Library assistants, clerical……………………………
34
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
133
New accounts clerks…………………………………
22
Order clerks……………………………………………
90
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$575
–
–
655
689
711
1,045
376
495
643
576
909
827
$26
–
–
3
8
11
21
5
22
37
13
47
35
1,131
–
935
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
102
27
13
13,914
4,005
977
220
941
42
9
707
91
191
$542
–
–
610
521
598
847
368
–
–
436
842
641
$25
–
–
2
6
9
27
6
–
–
15
57
41
86
–
30
64
33
130
862
–
825
69
–
52
1,064
–
789
–
464
34
–
99
–
80
285
12
194
1
29
822
–
680
–
–
33
–
57
–
–
–
785
643
–
54
3
16
62
9,909
–
653
629
–
48
3
795
13
858
760
11
–
–
–
640
627
677
–
702
–
497
–
–
–
699
–
608
769
645
522
593
–
692
–
561
–
–
–
17
14
11
–
23
–
8
–
–
–
63
–
8
44
15
40
22
–
18
–
40
20
30
4
122
347
755
5
116
11
238
32
1
4
63
31
1,033
61
159
44
91
28
107
15
53
–
–
–
633
615
672
–
707
–
499
–
–
–
693
–
585
730
635
–
581
–
682
–
595
–
–
–
15
13
11
–
22
–
9
–
–
–
54
–
8
40
18
–
23
–
17
–
64
See note at end of table.
22
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
71
21
19
9,202
5,428
1,317
571
407
54
79
1,135
100
197
$675
–
–
768
838
792
1,130
400
591
661
678
945
1,026
$68
–
–
6
12
18
23
12
22
60
21
51
53
80.3
–
–
79.4
62.2
75.5
75.0
92.0
–
–
64.3
89.1
62.5
156
11
286
1,247
–
992
59
–
54
69.1
–
83.2
806
6
134
25
35
1,161
–
1,031
–
–
27
–
58
–
–
70.8
–
66.0
–
–
27
81
3,774
–
996
700
–
85
9
–
65.6
89.9
416
895
23
84.9
8
5
4
61
47
102
2
9
15
30
12
4
2
14
10
502
17
44
29
13
6
26
7
37
–
–
–
681
–
740
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
684
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
51
–
39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
21
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
93.0
–
90.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
85.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………
Sales and office occupations…………………………………
Sales and related occupations……………………………
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers………
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers…
Cashiers…………………………………………………
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
Parts salespersons……………………………………
Retail salespersons……………………………………
Advertising sales agents………………………………
Insurance sales agents………………………………
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
Travel agents……………………………………………
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing…………………………………………
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
Sales engineers………………………………………
Telemarketers…………………………………………
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
vendors,
d
and
d related
l t d workers………………………
k
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
Office and administrative support occupations…………
First-line supervisors of office and administrative
support workers………………………………………
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
Telephone operators…………………………………
Communications equipment operators, all other……
Bill and account collectors……………………………
Billing and posting clerks………………………………
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
Procurement clerks……………………………………
Tellers……………………………………………………
Financial clerks, all other………………………………
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
Correspondence clerks………………………………
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
Customer service representatives……………………
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
File clerks………………………………………………
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
Library assistants, clerical……………………………
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
New accounts clerks…………………………………
Order clerks……………………………………………
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov23 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………..……………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
Postal service clerks…………………………………
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
Computer operators……………………………………
Data entry keyers………………………………………
Word processors and typists…………………………
Desktop publishers……………………………………
I
Insurance
claims
l i
and
d policy
li processing
i clerks……
l k
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
Office clerks, general…………………………………
Office machine operators, except computer…………
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers…………………………………….
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
Animal breeders………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
Forest and conservation workers……………………
Logging workers………………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of construction trades
and extraction workers ……………………………
Boilermakers……………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
Carpenters………………………………………………
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
105
831
$759
531
$35
12
99
87
21
139
252
25
137
279
738
661
–
737
648
–
980
990
56
242
458
936
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
88
758
$724
524
$37
9
39
102
–
32
34
–
11
18
54
73
5
19
159
5
73
93
634
677
–
–
605
–
910
907
38
56
–
–
17
–
34
33
891
858
556
505
38
42
23
8
23
131
125
310
–
765
522
484
–
28
11
14
64
2,251
87
259
90
3
226
638
669
785
591
624
–
643
33
7
31
13
27
–
18
29
2,146
45
202
82
–
182
–
665
–
586
622
–
631
–
7
–
14
22
–
21
72
798
34
5
25
580
601
–
–
–
41
9
–
–
–
27
667
16
4
14
–
600
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
452
707
18
349
686
19
9,968
777
740
435
6
10
389
166
550
377
23
14
39
17
1
108
560
8
2
5
37
5,102
–
–
–
410
426
–
–
–
–
740
–
–
–
14
9
–
–
–
–
10
5
5
–
70
81
1
2
–
2
98
–
–
–
396
350
–
–
–
–
723
–
–
–
17
11
–
–
–
–
41
488
23
94
750
84
1,019
–
641
675
599
26
–
93
18
29
13
–
–
7
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
24
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………..……………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
Postal service clerks…………………………………
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
Computer operators……………………………………
Data entry keyers………………………………………
Word processors and typists…………………………
Desktop publishers……………………………………
I
Insurance
claims
l i
and
d policy
li processing
i clerks……
l k
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
Office clerks, general…………………………………
Office machine operators, except computer…………
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and
forestry workers…………………………………….
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
Animal breeders………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
Forest and conservation workers……………………
Logging workers………………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations…………………
First-line supervisors of construction trades
and extraction workers ……………………………
Boilermakers……………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
Carpenters………………………………………………
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
17
73
–
$604
–
$33
–
86.8
45
15
15
120
94
21
64
186
–
–
–
744
796
–
1,000
1,026
–
–
–
29
71
–
14
19
–
–
–
–
76.0
–
91.0
88.4
33
111
333
625
–
946
577
516
–
28
17
10
–
80.9
90.5
93.8
35
105
42
57
8
3
44
–
803
–
611
–
–
–
–
60
–
35
–
–
–
–
82.8
–
95.9
–
–
–
44
131
18
1
11
–
607
–
–
–
–
19
–
–
–
–
98.8
–
–
–
103
788
34
87.1
9,579
611
749
457
6
12
73.4
82.5
34
12
1
37
478
8
–
5
36
5,004
–
–
–
–
444
–
–
–
–
741
–
–
–
–
12
–
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
–
78.8
–
–
–
–
97.6
475
23
94
743
83
1,018
–
641
673
603
25
–
93
19
29
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov25 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
Construction laborers…………………………………
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
Electricians……………………………………………
Glaziers…………………………………………………
Insulation workers………………………………………
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
Paperhangers…………………………………………
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
Roofers…………………………………………………
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
Solar photovoltaic installers…………………………
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
Construction and building inspectors………………
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
F
Fence
erectors…………………………………………
t
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
Highway maintenance workers………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers,
and repairers…………………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility………………………………………………
Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
53
937
$601
607
$36
9
–
24
–
–
–
–
15
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
321
94
574
38
33
261
2
436
14
8
123
103
60
4
42
87
31
26
28
98
805
568
932
–
–
568
–
878
–
–
533
885
759
–
–
932
–
–
–
683
22
36
23
–
–
29
–
25
–
–
48
54
62
–
–
88
–
–
–
40
5
–
11
–
–
8
–
6
–
–
2
3
1
–
1
4
1
–
4
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
24
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
32
28
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
5
65
4
16
3
84
4,088
–
997
–
–
–
985
808
–
37
–
–
–
33
7
–
–
1
–
1
125
–
–
–
–
–
–
$757
–
–
–
–
–
–
$37
280
936
25
17
–
–
218
854
60
26
–
–
142
10
37
885
–
–
46
–
–
10
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
–
–
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
See note at end of table.
26
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
Construction laborers…………………………………
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
Electricians……………………………………………
Glaziers…………………………………………………
Insulation workers………………………………………
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
Paperhangers…………………………………………
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
Roofers…………………………………………………
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
Solar photovoltaic installers…………………………
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
Construction and building inspectors………………
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
F
Fence
erectors…………………………………………
t
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
Highway maintenance workers………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
Mining machine operators……………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations………
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers,
and repairers…………………………………………
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Avionics technicians……………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility………………………………………………
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
53
913
$601
609
$36
9
–
–
15
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
316
94
563
38
32
252
2
430
14
8
121
100
59
4
40
83
29
26
23
97
805
567
929
–
–
559
–
876
–
–
524
880
767
–
–
940
–
–
–
683
22
37
23
–
–
32
–
30
–
–
33
58
60
–
–
104
–
–
–
39
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
6
23
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
32
28
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
65
4
15
3
83
3,963
–
996
–
–
–
981
809
–
37
–
–
–
32
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
93.6
262
934
24
–
193
880
51
–
132
7
37
898
–
–
44
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov27 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
El t i l power-line
Electrical
li iinstallers
t ll
and
d repairers………
i
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Wind turbine service technicians……………………
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
15
–
–
1
–
–
44
34
144
120
17
691
–
–
$993
619
–
702
–
–
$42
20
–
15
–
–
2
2
–
7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
271
843
28
1
–
–
174
42
941
–
47
–
3
1
–
–
–
–
67
25
493
–
22
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
280
35
424
371
25
50
117
171
44
1
827
–
867
731
–
938
988
915
–
–
27
–
26
23
–
109
48
47
–
–
4
3
10
6
3
3
2
8
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23
17
4
10
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
–
–
–
–
–
147
677
58
5
–
–
624
627
4
5
2,773
1,930
$493
496
$5
5
917
24
132
674
32
–
–
5
–
–
564
–
–
557
474
29
–
–
15
23
78
5
2
320
55
520
–
–
499
450
22
–
–
9
31
507
12
64
417
25
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations…………………………………………………
13,842
Production occupations……………………………………
7,427
First-line supervisors of production and
operating workers……………………………………
734
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
22
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
155
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
32
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
19
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
833
Bakers…………………………………………………
121
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
273
See note at end of table.
28
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
Automotive body and related repairers………………
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
Small engine mechanics………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
Millwrights………………………………………………
El t i l power-line
Electrical
li iinstallers
t ll
and
d repairers………
i
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
Wind turbine service technicians……………………
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
Riggers…………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
14
–
–
–
44
34
142
119
17
684
–
–
$986
618
–
704
–
–
$41
20
–
15
–
–
–
–
–
–
271
844
28
–
171
41
942
–
50
–
–
–
66
24
496
–
21
–
–
–
276
33
415
364
22
46
115
164
38
1
829
–
871
732
–
–
990
910
–
–
26
–
24
23
–
–
56
46
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
22
17
4
10
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
20
–
–
–
142
671
44
–
675
695
5
6
73.0
71.4
954
17
70.6
–
–
–
620
–
–
606
501
30
–
–
12
39
83.9
–
–
82.3
89.8
537
19
77.7
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations………………………………………………… 11,069
Production occupations……………………………………
5,497
First-line supervisors of production and
operating workers……………………………………
601
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
17
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
77
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
26
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
17
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
513
Bakers…………………………………………………
65
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
208
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov29 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
Food batchmakers……………………………………
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………
Food processing workers, all other…………………
Computer control programmers and operators……
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Machinists………………………………………………
M t l ffurnace operators,
Metal
t
ttenders,
d
pourers, and
d
casters………………………………………………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Layout workers, metal and plastic……………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing press operators………………………………
Print binding and finishing workers…………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
10
59
13
90
67
–
$512
–
529
710
–
$23
–
30
27
4
32
4
23
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
–
–
3
–
–
10
–
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
–
–
80
556
38
15
–
–
3
–
–
1
–
–
53
588
25
5
–
–
15
–
–
4
–
–
3
381
–
760
–
19
–
16
–
–
–
–
12
–
–
1
–
–
7
–
–
1
–
–
38
–
–
9
–
–
7
51
551
–
1,005
712
–
44
15
–
–
26
–
–
–
–
–
–
5
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
2
374
23
167
17
123
41
127
5
10
42
–
–
618
–
628
–
410
–
385
–
–
–
–
–
15
–
31
–
12
–
18
–
–
–
2
–
70
9
28
9
66
29
86
2
5
30
–
–
$544
–
–
–
359
–
369
–
–
–
–
–
$30
–
–
–
14
–
11
–
–
–
5
–
–
1
–
–
9
–
–
4
–
–
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
See note at end of table.
30
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
Food batchmakers……………………………………
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………
Food processing workers, all other…………………
Computer control programmers and operators……
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Machinists………………………………………………
M t l ffurnace operators,
Metal
t
ttenders,
d
pourers, and
d
casters………………………………………………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Layout workers, metal and plastic……………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing press operators………………………………
Print binding and finishing workers…………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
5
27
9
67
62
–
–
–
$549
728
–
–
–
$32
62
–
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
65
575
57
–
2
–
–
–
48
–
–
–
11
–
–
–
3
366
–
762
–
19
–
–
12
–
–
–
6
–
–
–
30
–
–
–
7
51
525
–
1,005
722
–
44
14
–
–
–
5
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
13
2
304
14
139
8
57
12
41
3
5
12
–
–
645
–
666
–
462
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
–
34
–
32
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
84.3
–
–
–
77.7
–
–
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
5
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov31 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and wastewater treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
C hi
Crushing,
grinding,
i di
polishing,
li hi
mixing,
i i
and
d
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders…
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Tire builders……………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
6
–
–
5
–
–
15
–
–
5
–
–
2
1
14
16
35
5
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1
1
10
2
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
26
–
–
1
–
–
21
12
–
–
–
–
3
–
–
–
–
–
43
105
–
$830
–
$41
2
6
–
–
–
–
70
35
862
–
44
–
3
4
–
–
–
–
72
851
158
10
–
–
86
60
628
524
36
44
12
11
–
–
–
–
38
–
–
10
–
–
14
–
–
1
–
–
621
22
729
–
21
–
206
9
$570
–
$26
–
76
585
52
42
–
–
242
135
481
626
18
20
131
24
431
–
17
–
39
6
8
–
–
–
–
–
–
15
3
2
–
–
–
–
–
–
8
–
–
1
–
–
2
4
–
–
–
–
1
1
–
–
–
–
26
–
–
5
–
–
32
17
–
–
–
–
9
3
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
32
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators,
and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and wastewater treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
C hi
Crushing,
grinding,
i di
polishing,
li hi
mixing,
i i
and
d
blending workers……………………………………
Cutting workers…………………………………………
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
Semiconductor processors……………………………
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders…
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Tire builders……………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
–
–
–
–
10
–
–
–
2
–
12
6
34
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
25
–
–
–
18
12
–
–
–
–
–
–
41
99
–
$831
–
$41
–
–
67
31
870
–
41
–
–
–
62
890
65
–
74
49
651
–
35
–
–
–
28
–
–
–
12
–
–
–
416
13
824
–
31
–
69.2
–
35
–
–
–
111
111
553
654
19
27
77.9
–
24
2
6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
7
–
–
–
1
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
21
–
–
–
23
14
–
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov33 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed occupation and sex,
2012 annual averages (continued)
Both sexes
Occupation
Women
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
40
849
6,415
–
$584
621
–
$11
5
189
90
812
1,440
47
59
Helpers—production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors of transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Flight attendants………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
P ki llott attendants…………………………………
Parking
tt d t
Automotive and watercraft service attendants………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Mine shuttle car operators……………………………
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
13
223
843
–
$504
487
–
$19
8
60
133
42
4
–
–
–
–
–
775
–
37
3
42
–
–
–
–
16
302
2,533
183
35
44
9
46
–
601
730
554
–
–
–
–
–
19
9
39
–
–
–
–
3
126
101
22
7
2
–
2
–
516
537
–
–
–
–
–
–
33
33
–
–
–
–
–
12
15
29
5
8
50
67
29
23
14
3
61
–
–
–
–
–
404
428
–
–
–
–
753
–
–
–
–
–
22
43
–
–
–
–
101
–
1
1
–
–
5
4
4
15
1
2
3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
32
5
498
217
–
–
562
425
–
–
18
18
1
–
31
30
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
1,322
26
306
21
75
1
3
40
510
–
404
–
501
–
–
–
7
–
10
–
44
–
–
–
218
8
160
1
3
–
–
1
476
–
394
–
–
–
–
–
18
–
10
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
34
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 2. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by detailed
occupation and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Occupation
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
26
626
5,572
–
$619
650
–
$15
7
–
81.4
74.9
146
86
873
1,444
47
120
–
–
44
16
–
–
–
–
–
–
13
177
2,433
161
28
42
9
45
–
652
736
572
–
–
–
–
–
17
9
39
–
–
–
–
–
79.1
73.0
–
–
–
–
–
12
14
28
5
8
45
63
25
8
13
1
58
–
–
–
–
–
–
453
–
–
–
–
777
–
–
–
–
–
–
49
–
–
–
–
112
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
31
5
467
187
–
–
566
431
–
–
17
24
–
–
–
–
1,103
18
146
20
71
1
3
39
519
–
426
–
497
–
–
–
8
–
24
–
51
–
–
–
91.7
–
92.5
–
–
–
–
–
Helpers—production workers…………………………
Production workers, all other…………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations………
Supervisors of transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
Flight attendants………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers………………
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
Ship engineers…………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
P ki llott attendants…………………………………
Parking
tt d t
Automotive and watercraft service attendants………
Transportation inspectors……………………………
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants
Other transportation workers…………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
Crane and tower operators……………………………
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand……………………………………………………
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
Mine shuttle car operators……………………………
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………
Note: Median earnings not shown where employment is less than 50,000. Women's earnings as a percent
of men's not shown where employment for either women or men is less than 50,000.
Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov35 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by state and
sex, 2012 annual averages
Both sexes
State
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
United States.................................... 102,749
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$768
$2
45,462
$691
$3
Alabama........................................
Alaska...........................................
Arizona..........................................
Arkansas.......................................
California.......................................
1,522
248
1,969
971
11,570
724
888
732
651
820
14
16
9
15
10
683
110
878
438
4,890
620
757
670
603
754
15
14
14
10
9
Colorado........................................
Connecticut...................................
Delaware.......................................
District of Columbia.......................
Florida...........................................
1,714
1,178
309
276
6,299
850
988
807
1,102
735
18
22
20
37
6
725
519
146
138
2,992
750
868
737
1,072
676
15
29
20
43
9
Georgia.........................................
Hawaii...........................................
Idaho.............................................
Illinois............................................
Indiana..........................................
3,287
430
478
4,368
2,158
737
753
706
809
716
13
14
13
11
14
1,503
192
187
1,958
936
640
689
614
708
632
17
16
11
13
16
Iowa...............................................
Kansas..........................................
Kentucky.......................................
Louisiana.......................................
Maine............................................
1,096
988
1,414
1,449
423
744
738
663
676
741
14
14
12
18
13
491
428
644
637
191
654
649
596
573
654
17
14
13
17
25
Maryland.......................................
Massachusetts..............................
Michigan........................................
Mi
Minnesota......................................
t
Mississippi.....................................
2,198
2,167
2,876
1 897
1,897
922
921
935
783
865
677
20
12
14
15
14
1,056
980
1,237
816
413
842
840
687
779
582
23
19
18
23
19
Missouri.........................................
Montana........................................
Nebraska.......................................
Nevada..........................................
New Hampshire............................
2,013
293
680
897
478
750
658
728
690
883
18
21
14
11
21
913
137
312
399
214
660
566
663
620
772
19
18
17
10
24
New Jersey...................................
New Mexico...................................
New York.......................................
North Carolina...............................
North Dakota.................................
3,142
614
6,513
3,124
266
935
737
819
727
735
13
17
10
10
12
1,425
274
2,951
1,392
116
818
645
746
641
651
26
25
9
13
12
Ohio...............................................
Oklahoma......................................
Oregon..........................................
Pennsylvania.................................
Rhode Island.................................
3,662
1,299
1,144
4,320
342
739
695
823
774
796
9
11
19
8
21
1,589
570
480
1,898
158
664
631
756
694
733
10
15
17
11
23
South Carolina..............................
South Dakota................................
Tennessee....................................
Texas............................................
Utah...............................................
1,462
282
2,125
8,904
879
669
664
675
718
760
15
10
12
7
14
677
129
922
3,852
326
603
604
611
633
661
17
9
12
9
18
Vermont.........................................
Virginia..........................................
Washington...................................
West Virginia.................................
Wisconsin.....................................
Wyoming.......................................
216
2,974
2,204
574
1,929
207
767
846
870
740
783
808
16
17
21
14
16
17
96
1,335
935
257
833
81
692
756
746
614
696
645
19
21
20
14
25
22
See note at end of table.
36
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 3. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers,
by state and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Women's
earnings as a
percent of
men's
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
United States......................................
57,286
$854
$4
80.9
Alabama..........................................
Alaska..............................................
Arizona............................................
Arkansas.........................................
California.........................................
839
138
1,090
534
6,680
812
1,025
772
717
877
27
27
18
21
12
76.4
73.9
86.8
84.1
86.0
Colorado..........................................
Connecticut.....................................
Delaware.........................................
District of Columbia.........................
Florida.............................................
989
659
163
138
3,307
958
1,127
888
1,131
796
24
40
36
38
13
78.3
77.0
83.0
94.8
84.9
Georgia............................................
Hawaii..............................................
Idaho...............................................
Illinois..............................................
Indiana.............................................
1,784
238
291
2,411
1,221
838
839
785
895
809
26
35
15
16
19
76.4
82.1
78.2
79.1
78.1
Iowa.................................................
Kansas............................................
Kentucky..........................................
Louisiana.........................................
Maine...............................................
605
560
770
812
232
823
825
733
796
823
20
22
18
20
25
79.5
78.7
81.3
72.0
79.5
Maryland..........................................
Massachusetts................................
Michigan..........................................
Mi
Minnesota........................................
t
Mississippi.......................................
1,141
1,187
1,639
1 081
1,081
509
988
1,040
889
948
776
27
28
20
24
23
85.2
80.8
77.3
82 2
82.2
75.0
Missouri...........................................
Montana..........................................
Nebraska.........................................
Nevada............................................
New Hampshire...............................
1,099
156
369
497
264
841
733
787
768
975
30
23
21
19
29
78.5
77.2
84.2
80.7
79.2
New Jersey......................................
New Mexico.....................................
New York.........................................
North Carolina.................................
North Dakota...................................
1,717
340
3,562
1,732
149
1,030
802
900
792
834
25
22
14
13
23
79.4
80.4
82.9
80.9
78.1
Ohio.................................................
Oklahoma........................................
Oregon............................................
Pennsylvania...................................
Rhode Island...................................
2,073
729
664
2,423
184
802
760
901
849
886
15
16
28
13
42
82.8
83.0
83.9
81.7
82.7
South Carolina.................................
South Dakota...................................
Tennessee......................................
Texas...............................................
Utah.................................................
785
153
1,203
5,051
552
724
737
740
795
870
18
16
15
15
25
83.3
82.0
82.6
79.6
76.0
Vermont...........................................
Virginia............................................
Washington.....................................
West Virginia...................................
Wisconsin........................................
Wyoming.........................................
120
1,640
1,269
317
1,095
126
859
951
982
846
863
984
29
24
28
28
20
19
80.6
79.5
76.0
72.6
80.6
65.5
State
Standard
error of
median
Note: In general, the sampling error for the state estimates is considerably larger than it is for the national
estimates; thus, comparisons of state estimates should be made with caution.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov37 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by selected
characteristics, 2012 annual averages
Both sexes
Characteristic
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Age
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years.....................................................
16 to 19 years..................................................
20 to 24 years..................................................
25 years and older..............................................
25 to 34 years..................................................
35 to 44 years..................................................
45 to 54 years..................................................
55 to 64 years..................................................
65 years and older..........................................
24,614
8,367
3,303
5,065
16,246
4,238
3,308
3,371
3,139
2,190
$233
174
139
202
272
265
293
285
280
236
$1
1
2
2
2
3
4
4
5
4
16,120
4,710
1,827
2,883
11,409
2,771
2,525
2,638
2,272
1,204
$236
172
135
198
272
267
290
284
281
222
$2
2
3
2
2
4
5
5
6
6
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White......................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
19,892
2,728
1,154
3,822
234
222
250
228
1
3
8
3
13,120
1,742
739
2,306
239
221
258
223
2
3
9
3
11,317
9,850
3,446
1,913
835
698
194
285
252
265
246
224
1
2
3
4
6
7
6,273
7,278
2,569
1,398
583
588
192
284
249
262
242
225
2
3
3
5
8
8
Marital Status
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status................................................
Divorced..............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
See note at end of table.
38
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 4. Median usual weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers, by
selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Women's
earnings as
Standard
a percent of
error of
men's
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years.....................................................
16 to 19 years..................................................
20 to 24 years..................................................
25 years and older..............................................
25 to 34 years..................................................
35 to 44 years..................................................
45 to 54 years..................................................
55 to 64 years..................................................
65 years and older..........................................
8,494
3,657
1,476
2,181
4,837
1,467
783
733
867
986
$226
178
144
206
273
263
302
292
278
256
$2
2
3
3
3
4
7
12
9
7
104.4
96.6
93.8
96.1
99.6
101.5
96.0
97.3
101.1
86.7
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White......................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian......................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
6,771
986
414
1,515
227
225
234
235
2
5
13
4
105.3
98.2
110.3
94.9
5,044
2,572
878
515
252
110
197
288
262
273
255
221
2
4
6
10
11
14
97.5
98.6
95.0
96.0
94.9
101.8
Characteristic
Age
Marital Status
Never married........................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status................................................
Divorced..............................................................
Separated...........................................................
Widowed.............................................................
Note: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov39 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours usually worked and sex,
2012 annual averages
Both sexes
Hours of work
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Total, 16 years and older........................................ 127,577
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
$655
$2
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
61,679
$572
$2
1 to 34 hours.......................................................
1 to 4 hours......................................................
5 to 9 hours......................................................
10 to 14 hours..................................................
15 to 19 hours..................................................
20 to 24 hours..................................................
25 to 29 hours..................................................
30 to 34 hours..................................................
22,121
518
1,215
1,911
2,708
6,528
3,129
6,112
236
59
74
113
157
215
261
335
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
4
14,596
359
800
1,290
1,809
4,304
2,065
3,969
240
54
81
114
160
222
266
350
2
3
4
2
2
2
3
4
35 or more hours.................................................
35 to 39 hours..................................................
40 hours...........................................................
41 or more hours.............................................
41 to 44 hours..............................................
45 to 48 hours..............................................
49 to 59 hours..............................................
60 or more hours..........................................
97,235
8,222
68,770
20,243
1,155
5,383
9,145
4,559
775
486
726
1,168
882
1,049
1,247
1,338
2
4
2
6
18
10
8
16
43,356
5,373
31,751
6,232
455
1,940
2,754
1,083
701
501
677
1,059
811
969
1,146
1,173
3
5
3
9
29
14
11
25
Hours vary…………………………………………
Usually less than 35 hours……………………
Usually 35 or more hours………………………
8,221
2,493
5,513
419
203
602
6
4
8
3,727
1,524
2,106
319
198
469
5
4
11
See note at end of table.
40
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 5. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers, by hours
usually worked and sex, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Hours of work
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
weekly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
Total, 16 years and older........................................
65,898
$760
$3
75.3
1 to 34 hours.......................................................
1 to 4 hours......................................................
5 to 9 hours......................................................
10 to 14 hours..................................................
15 to 19 hours..................................................
20 to 24 hours..................................................
25 to 29 hours..................................................
30 to 34 hours..................................................
7,525
160
415
621
899
2,224
1,064
2,143
228
77
68
110
152
203
254
315
2
19
2
2
2
2
3
3
105.3
70.1
119.1
103.6
105.3
109.4
104.7
111.1
35 or more hours.................................................
35 to 39 hours..................................................
40 hours...........................................................
41 or more hours.............................................
41 to 44 hours..............................................
45 to 48 hours..............................................
49 to 59 hours..............................................
60 or more hours..........................................
53,879
2,849
37,020
14,010
701
3,443
6,391
3,476
863
450
772
1,238
928
1,104
1,312
1,380
4
8
3
8
24
15
21
19
81.2
111.3
87.7
85.5
87.4
87.8
87.3
85.0
Hours vary…………………………………………
Usually less than 35 hours……………………
Usually 35 or more hours………………………
4,493
968
3,407
548
212
716
18
6
14
58.2
93.4
65.5
Note: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full
full-time
time and part
part-time
time workers
workers. Estimates for the "hours
vary" groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for a small number of multiple
jobholders whose usual number of hours on the principal job is not identifiable.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov41 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2012 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.00
$1,500.00
or more
Age and Sex
Total, 16 years and older.......... 102,749
16 to 24 years........................
9,030
16 to 19 years....................
1,019
20 to 24 years....................
8,011
25 years and older................. 93,719
25 to 34 years.................... 24,585
35 to 44 years.................... 24,084
45 to 54 years.................... 25,345
55 to 64 years.................... 16,518
65 years and older.............
3,186
882
214
65
149
668
159
146
170
119
74
1,346
387
75
312
959
247
228
231
183
70
6,600
1,737
326
1,411
4,863
1,655
1,181
1,198
663
165
15,956
3,069
349
2,721
12,887
4,424
3,081
3,042
1,849
490
23,787
2,275
147
2,128
21,512
6,590
5,220
5,382
3,564
756
17,693
779
36
743
16,914
4,654
4,292
4,562
2,909
497
19,446
451
15
436
18,994
4,401
4,997
5,394
3,684
518
17,038
117
5
111
16,921
2,453
4,940
5,367
3,546
615
Women, 16 years and older......
16 to 24 years........................
16 to 19 years....................
20 to 24 years....................
25 years and older.................
25 to 34 years....................
35 to 44 years....................
45 tto 54 years....................
55 to 64 years....................
65 years and older.............
45,462
3,866
415
3,450
41,597
10,617
10,410
11 505
11,505
7,680
1,385
497
124
39
85
373
85
80
111
62
35
785
193
38
155
593
145
147
155
109
37
3,676
838
147
691
2,838
862
717
756
411
93
8,110
1,319
129
1,190
6,791
1,990
1,624
1 808
1,808
1,111
258
11,721
970
50
919
10,751
3,038
2,556
2 857
2,857
1,937
363
8,001
263
10
254
7,738
2,071
1,948
2 092
2,092
1,379
249
7,554
134
3
131
7,420
1,654
1,901
2 131
2,131
1,526
207
5,117
24
–
24
5,093
771
1,438
1 595
1,595
1,144
144
Men, 16 years and older...........
16 to 24 years........................
16 to 19 years....................
20 to 24 years....................
25 years and older.................
25 to 34 years....................
35 to 44 years....................
45 to 54 years....................
55 to 64 years....................
65 years and older.............
57,286
5,164
603
4,561
52,122
13,968
13,675
13,840
8,838
1,801
385
90
26
64
295
74
66
59
57
39
561
195
38
157
366
102
81
76
74
34
2,924
899
180
719
2,025
793
465
442
253
73
7,846
1,750
220
1,530
6,096
2,434
1,458
1,234
737
233
12,066
1,306
97
1,209
10,760
3,552
2,664
2,525
1,626
393
9,692
516
26
490
9,176
2,584
2,344
2,470
1,531
248
11,892
317
12
305
11,575
2,747
3,095
3,262
2,158
311
11,921
92
5
87
11,829
1,682
3,502
3,772
2,402
471
See note at end of table.
42
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 6. Distribution of full-time wage and salary workers, by usual weekly earnings and selected
characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued)
(In thousands)
Number of workers by usual weekly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$150.00
$150.00
to
$249.99
$250.00
to
$349.99
$350.00
to
$499.99
$500.00
to
$749.99
$750.00
to
$999.99
$1,000.00
to
$1,499.00
$1,500.00
or more
Race, Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity,
and Sex
White.....................................
Women..............................
Men....................................
81,779
35,108
46,672
699
397
302
954
557
398
4,854
2,623
2,231
11,919
5,956
5,963
18,769
9,054
9,715
14,335
6,337
7,998
16,004
6,070
9,934
14,246
4,115
10,131
Black or African American.....
Women..............................
Men....................................
12,230
6,474
5,756
116
60
57
276
160
116
1,159
707
452
2,611
1,470
1,141
3,246
1,748
1,498
2,018
1,057
961
1,762
811
951
1,042
461
581
Asian.....................................
Women..............................
Men....................................
5,790
2,560
3,231
36
24
12
73
50
24
320
188
131
795
393
403
1,051
551
500
847
408
439
1,223
487
735
1,445
458
988
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....
Women..............................
Men....................................
16,302
6,414
9,887
174
88
86
320
169
151
2,107
1,023
1,084
4,101
1,670
2,430
4,304
1,691
2,613
2,271
798
1,473
1,898
654
1,245
1,127
321
806
Note: Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data
that do not meet publication criteria.
Source: U
U.S.
S Bureau of Labor Statistics
Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov43 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 7. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, by sex, marital
status, and presence and age of own children under 18 years old, 2012 annual averages
Number of
workers
(in thousands)
Median weekly
earnings
Standard error
of median
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
45,462
16,415
9,864
6,551
29,047
$691
680
698
653
697
$3
4
6
7
3
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
23,718
10,763
6,338
4,425
12,955
751
754
746
765
748
3
4
6
7
4
Total, other marital statuses1…………………………………….
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
21,745
5,652
3,526
2,126
16,092
625
559
614
490
654
3
6
7
5
4
Total, all marital statuses…………………………………………
With children
hild
under
d 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
57,286
21 227
21,227
11,317
9,910
36,059
854
946
1,004
880
799
4
5
7
8
4
Total, married, spouse present……………………………………
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
34,370
18,681
10,105
8,576
15,689
981
988
1,035
935
973
4
6
10
8
6
Total, other marital statuses1…………………………………….
With children under 18 years……………………………………
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger…………………
With children under 6 years…………………………………
With no children under 18 years………………………………
22,916
2,546
1,213
1,333
20,370
685
673
790
595
687
4
10
17
9
4
Characteristic
Women
Men
1
Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
Note: Children refer to own children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are
other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, and cousins, as well as unrelated children.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
44
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by selected
characteristics, 2012 annual averages
Both sexes
Characteristic
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Age
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years....................................................
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
25 years and older.............................................
25 to 34 years.................................................
35 to 44 years.................................................
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
Median
hourly
earnings
Women
Standard
error of
median
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Median
hourly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
75,276
14,909
4,044
10,865
60,367
17,167
14,383
15,169
10,642
3,006
$12.80
9.05
8.10
9.70
14.25
12.82
14.86
15.07
15.39
12.21
$0.03
.02
.02
.05
.05
.06
.04
.04
.15
.11
38,163
7,455
2,122
5,333
30,708
8,090
7,243
8,034
5,745
1,597
$11.99
8.78
8.02
9.17
13.17
12.15
13.46
13.80
14.36
11.84
$0.03
.03
.03
.03
.05
.05
.14
.10
.14
.11
59,180
10,049
3,403
14,404
13.04
11.84
13.23
11.12
.03
.05
.30
.06
29,490
5,527
1,835
6,290
12.08
11.23
12.75
10.21
.03
.10
.25
.04
27,453
34,926
12,896
8 131
8,131
3,308
1,457
10.16
14.99
13.28
14 25
14.25
11.87
12.05
.02
.03
.10
.12
12
.08
.17
13,060
17,307
7,796
4 807
4,807
1,848
1,142
9.92
13.81
12.43
13 23
13.23
11.02
11.62
.02
.07
.10
.14
14
.13
.31
8,570
9,432
65,844
18.92
18.52
12.14
.14
.18
.02
3,328
3,765
34,398
16.47
16.12
11.73
.24
.15
.05
60,367
6,899
21,418
19,878
12,172
14.25
10.34
13.58
14.86
18.88
.05
.08
.08
.04
.18
30,708
2,693
9,862
10,891
7,262
13.17
9.31
11.97
13.78
18.18
.05
.09
.04
.08
.18
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Members of unions2…………………………………
Represented by unions3………………………………
Not represented by a union...................................
Educational Attainment
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
See footnotes at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov45 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 8. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates,
by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued)
Men
Characteristic
Number of
workers
(in
thousands)
Age
Total, 16 years and older.......................................
16 to 24 years....................................................
16 to 19 years.................................................
20 to 24 years.................................................
25 years and older.............................................
25 to 34 years.................................................
35 to 44 years.................................................
45 to 54 years.................................................
55 to 64 years.................................................
65 years and older..........................................
Median
hourly
earnings
Standard
error of
median
Women's
earnings as
a percent of
men's
37,113
7,454
1,922
5,532
29,659
9,078
7,140
7,135
4,897
1,409
$13.88
9.44
8.19
9.97
15.17
13.28
16.05
16.99
17.28
13.03
$0.04
.07
.03
.03
.03
.11
.10
.11
.18
.17
86.4
93.0
97.9
92.0
86.8
91.5
83.9
81.2
83.1
90.9
29,691
4,522
1,568
8,114
14.17
12.20
14.15
11.96
.06
.08
.42
.05
85.3
92.0
90.1
85.4
14,394
17,620
5,100
3 325
3,325
1,461
315
10.75
16.24
14.88
15 32
15.32
12.89
14.12
.07
.10
.07
.20
20
.22
.36
92.3
85.0
83.5
86 4
86.4
85.5
82.3
5,242
5,667
31,446
20.20
20.08
12.93
.18
.08
.04
81.5
80.3
90.7
29,659
4,207
11,556
8,987
4,910
15.17
11.83
15.09
16.15
19.87
.03
.06
.04
.12
.11
86.8
78.7
79.3
85.3
91.5
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.....................................................................
Black or African American.....................................
Asian.....................................................................
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity....................................
Marital Status
Never married.......................................................
Married, spouse present........................................
Other marital status...............................................
Divorced
Divorced.............................................................
Separated..........................................................
Widowed............................................................
Union Affiliation1
Members of unions2…………………………………
Represented by unions3………………………………
Not represented by a union...................................
Educational Attainment
Total, 25 years and older.......................................
Less than a high school diploma........................
High school graduates, no college.....................
Some college or associate's degree...................
Bachelor's degree and higher.............................
1
Differences in earnings levels between workers with and without union affiliation reflect a variety of
factors in addition to coverage by a collective bargaining agreement, including the distribution of male
and female employees by occupation, industry, firm size, and geographic region.
2 Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3 Data refer to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an
employee association contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
Note: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2012.
Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
46
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and
selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$6.00
$6.00 to
$7.99
$8.00 to $10.00 to $12.00 to $15.00 to $20.00 or
$9.99
$11.99
$14.99
$19.99
more
Age and Sex
Total, 16 years and older............
16 to 24 years..........................
16 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years......................
25 years and older...................
25 to 34 years......................
35 to 44 years......................
45 to 54 years......................
55 to 64 years......................
65 years and older................
75,276
14,909
4,044
10,865
60,367
17,167
14,383
15,169
10,642
3,006
1,225
560
162
397
665
320
145
133
42
26
5,300
2,883
1,450
1,433
2,417
822
545
539
348
163
14,030
5,411
1,657
3,755
8,619
3,087
1,914
1,811
1,282
524
11,706
2,840
499
2,341
8,866
2,904
1,925
2,012
1,370
654
12,888
1,841
178
1,662
11,047
3,449
2,586
2,707
1,769
536
13,469
944
67
878
12,524
3,381
3,048
3,290
2,298
508
16,659
429
31
398
16,230
3,204
4,219
4,677
3,534
596
Women, 16 years and older........
16 to 24 years..........................
16 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years......................
25 years and older...................
25 to 34 years......................
35 to 44 years......................
45 to 54 years......................
55 to 64 years......................
65 years and older................
38,163
7,455
2,122
5,333
30,708
8,090
7,243
8,034
5,745
1,597
860
396
108
288
464
228
100
89
30
17
3,215
1,646
797
849
1,569
491
377
377
224
100
7,975
2,823
885
1,938
5,152
1,615
1,210
1,184
832
310
6,358
1,340
230
1,110
5,018
1,389
1,089
1,284
891
365
6,545
756
67
689
5,789
1,573
1,352
1,547
1,027
291
6,269
343
27
315
5,927
1,405
1,412
1,661
1,213
235
6,940
152
7
145
6,788
1,388
1,703
1,891
1,527
278
Men, 16 years and older.............
16 to 24 years..........................
16 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years......................
25 years and older...................
25 to 34 years......................
35 to 44 years......................
45 to 54 years......................
55 to 64 years......................
65 years and older................
37,113
7,454
1,922
5,532
29,659
9,078
7,140
7,135
4,897
1,409
364
164
53
110
201
92
46
44
12
9
2,084
1,237
653
584
847
331
168
162
123
63
6,055
2,588
772
1,817
3,467
1,472
704
627
450
214
5,347
1,500
268
1,231
3,847
1,515
836
728
479
289
6,343
1,085
112
974
5,258
1,877
1,234
1,160
742
245
7,199
602
39
563
6,597
1,976
1,636
1,629
1,084
272
9,719
278
24
253
9,442
1,815
2,516
2,786
2,006
318
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov47 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 9. Distribution of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, by hourly earnings and
selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued)
(In thousands)
Number of workers by hourly earnings
Characteristic
Total
employed
Under
$6.00
$6.00 to
$7.99
$8.00 to $10.00 to $12.00 to $15.00 to $20.00 or
$9.99
$11.99
$14.99
$19.99
more
Race, Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity,
and Sex
White.......................................
Women.................................
Men......................................
59,180
29,490
29,691
1,030
729
302
3,957
2,389
1,568
10,766
6,084
4,682
8,809
4,755
4,053
10,003
5,026
4,977
10,902
4,945
5,956
13,714
5,562
8,153
Black or African American.......
Women.................................
Men......................................
10,049
5,527
4,522
122
79
43
961
605
356
2,037
1,206
830
1,882
1,070
813
1,921
998
923
1,571
838
734
1,555
731
824
Asian.......................................
Women.................................
Men......................................
3,403
1,835
1,568
34
26
9
166
99
67
619
348
271
546
312
234
535
309
225
583
291
293
920
450
470
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity......
Women.................................
Men......................................
14,404
6,290
8,114
208
126
81
1,054
621
433
3,770
1,876
1,893
2,605
1,152
1,453
2,570
1,080
1,490
2,267
827
1,440
1,931
607
1,324
Note: Workers paid hourly rates represented 59 percent of all wage and salary workers in 2012. Estimates for the race
groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all
races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
48
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
Age and Sex
Total, 16 years and older..............................................
16 to 24 years............................................................
16 to 19 years........................................................
20 to 24 years........................................................
25 years and older.....................................................
25 to 34 years........................................................
35 to 44 years........................................................
45 to 54 years........................................................
55 to 64 years........................................................
65 years and older.................................................
75,276
14,909
4,044
10,865
60,367
17,167
14,383
15,169
10,642
3,006
1,984
935
370
565
1,049
477
234
204
90
44
1,566
862
484
377
704
243
154
164
100
44
3,550
1,797
854
942
1,753
720
388
368
190
88
4.7
12.1
21.1
8.7
2.9
4.2
2.7
2.4
1.8
2.9
Women, 16 years and older.........................................
16 to 24 years............................................................
16 to 19 yyears........................................................
20 to 24 years........................................................
25 years and older.....................................................
25 to 34 years........................................................
35 to 44 years........................................................
45 to 54 years........................................................
55 to 64 years........................................................
65 years and older.................................................
38,163
7,455
2,122
,
5,333
30,708
8,090
7,243
8,034
5,745
1,597
1,288
595
211
384
693
311
159
140
57
26
999
529
278
251
470
156
109
114
67
24
2,287
1,124
489
635
1,163
467
268
254
124
50
6.0
15.1
23.0
11.9
3.8
5.8
3.7
3.2
2.2
3.1
Men, 16 years and older...............................................
16 to 24 years............................................................
16 to 19 years........................................................
20 to 24 years........................................................
25 years and older.....................................................
25 to 34 years........................................................
35 to 44 years........................................................
45 to 54 years........................................................
55 to 64 years........................................................
65 years and older.................................................
37,113
7,454
1,922
5,532
29,659
9,078
7,140
7,135
4,897
1,409
696
340
159
181
356
166
75
64
33
17
567
333
207
126
235
86
45
50
34
20
1,263
673
366
307
591
252
120
114
67
37
3.4
9.0
19.0
5.5
2.0
2.8
1.7
1.6
1.4
2.6
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov49 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 10. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by selected characteristics, 2012 annual averages (continued)
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Characteristic
Total
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers
paid hourly
rates
Race and Hispanic or
Latino Ethnicity
White.........................................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
59,180
29,490
29,691
1,575
1,035
540
1,185
741
444
2,760
1,776
984
4.7
6.0
3.3
Black or African American.........................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
10,049
5,527
4,522
256
157
98
277
193
85
533
350
183
5.3
6.3
4.0
Asian..........................................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
3,403
1,835
1,568
69
46
23
48
32
16
117
78
39
3.4
4.3
2.5
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.......................................
Women
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
14,404
6 290
6,290
8,114
381
213
168
337
210
127
718
423
295
5.0
67
6.7
3.6
Full-time workers.......................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
54,745
24,693
30,052
760
466
294
501
304
197
1,261
770
491
2.3
3.1
1.6
Part-time workers......................................................
Women...................................................................
Men........................................................................
20,411
13,413
6,998
1,223
820
402
1,063
693
370
2,286
1,513
772
11.2
11.3
11.0
Full- and Part-time Status and Sex1
1
The distinction between full-time and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. These data do not sum to
totals because full-time or part-time status on the principal or main job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple
jobholders.
Note: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $7.25 in 2012. See the technical notes section for more information
about minimum wage workers. Estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do
not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
50
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2012 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total wage
and salary
workers
Total
Percent of
workers total wage
paid hourly and salary
rates
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers paid
hourly rates
Both Sexes
1979……………………………
87,529
51,721
59.1
2,916
3,997
6,912
13.4
1980…………………………… 87,644
1981…………………………… 88,516
1982…………………………… 87,368
1983…………………………… 88,290
1984…………………………… 92,194
1985…………………………… 94,521
1986…………………………… 96,903
1987…………………………… 99,303
1988…………………………… 101,407
1989…………………………… 103,480
51,335
51,869
50,846
51,820
54,143
55,762
57,529
59,552
60,878
62,389
58.6
58.6
58.2
58.7
58.7
59.0
59.4
60.0
60.0
60.3
3,087
3,513
2,348
2,077
1,838
1,639
1,599
1,468
1,319
1,372
4,686
4,311
4,148
4,261
4,125
3,899
3,461
3,229
2,608
1,790
7,773
7,824
6,496
6,338
5,963
5,538
5,060
4,698
3,927
3,162
15.1
15.1
12.8
12.2
11.0
9.9
8.8
7.9
6.5
5.1
1990……………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1994……………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1997……………………………
1998……………………………
1999……………………………
104,876
103,723
104,668
106,101
107,989
,
110,038
111,960
114,533
116,730
118,963
63,172
62,627
63,610
64,274
66,549
,
68,354
69,255
70,735
71,440
72,306
60.2
60.4
60.8
60.6
61.6
62.1
61.9
61.8
61.2
60.8
1
1
1
1
3,228
5,283
4,921
4,332
4,128
,
3,656
1
3,724
1
4,754
4,427
3,340
1
1
1
1
2000……………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
2003……………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
2009……………………………
122,089
122,229
121,826
122,358
123,554
125,889
128,237
129,767
129,377
124,490
73,496
73,392
72,508
72,946
73,939
75,609
76,514
75,873
75,305
72,611
60.2
60.0
59.5
59.6
59.8
60.1
59.7
58.5
58.2
58.3
1,752
1,518
1,579
1,555
1,483
1,403
1,283
1
1,462
1
1,940
1
2,592
898
656
567
545
520
479
409
1
267
1
286
1
980
2,650
2,174
2,146
2,100
2,003
1,882
1,692
1
1,729
1
2,226
1
3,572
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.2
1
2.3
1
3.0
1
4.9
2010…………………………… 124,073
2011…………………………… 125,187
2012…………………………… 127,577
72,902
73,926
75,276
58.8
59.1
59.0
2,541
2,152
1,984
1,820
1,677
1,566
4,361
3,829
3,550
6.0
5.2
4.7
2,132
2,377
1,939
1,707
1,995
,
1,699
1
1,863
1
2,990
2,834
2,194
1,096
2,906
2,982
2,625
2,132
,
1,956
1
1,861
1
1,764
1,593
1,146
5.1
8.4
7.7
6.7
6.2
5.3
1
5.4
1
6.7
6.2
4.6
See footnote at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov51 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total wage
and salary
workers
Total
Percent of
workers total wage
paid hourly and salary
rates
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers paid
hourly rates
Women
1979……………………………
38,129
23,329
61.2
2,070
2,644
4,714
20.2
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
1986……………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
38,944
39,672
39,777
40,433
42,172
43,506
44,961
46,365
47,495
48,691
23,626
24,294
24,365
24,989
26,003
26,869
27,863
29,078
29,820
30,702
60.7
61.2
61.3
61.8
61.7
61.8
62.0
62.7
62.8
63.1
2,104
2,394
1,651
1,492
1,348
1,198
1,192
1,105
1,008
994
2,990
2,778
2,561
2,603
2,499
2,356
2,125
1,946
1,542
1,056
5,095
5,172
4,212
4,095
3,847
3,554
3,317
3,051
2,550
2,050
21.6
21.3
17.3
16.4
14.8
13.2
11.9
10.5
8.6
6.7
1990……………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1994……………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1997……………………………
1998……………………………
1999……………………………
49,323
49,105
49,842
50,626
51,419
,
52,369
53,488
54,708
55,757
57,050
31,069
30,988
31,454
31,937
33,021
,
33,934
34,418
35,214
35,680
36,233
63.0
63.1
63.1
63.1
64.2
64.8
64.3
64.4
64.0
63.5
1
2000……………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
2003……………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
2009……………………………
58,427
58,582
58,555
59,122
59,408
60,423
61,426
62,299
62,532
60,951
36,777
36,848
36,508
37,093
37,133
37,957
38,321
38,082
37,972
37,426
62.9
62.9
62.3
62.7
62.5
62.8
62.4
61.1
60.7
61.4
1,170
1,021
997
1,062
1,013
944
861
1
1,002
1
1,302
1
1,603
579
409
350
332
310
290
263
1
181
1
196
1
612
1,749
1,430
1,347
1,394
1,323
1,234
1,124
1
1,183
1
1,498
1
2,215
4.8
3.9
3.7
3.8
3.6
3.3
2.9
1
3.1
1
3.9
1
5.9
2010……………………………
2011……………………………
2012……………………………
60,542
60,502
61,679
37,404
37,469
38,163
61.8
61.9
61.9
1,598
1,366
1,288
1,151
1,029
999
2,749
2,395
2,287
7.3
6.4
6.0
1,420
1,582
1,286
1,133
1,322
,
1,157
1
1,244
1
1,843
1,794
1,426
1
1
711
1,792
1,751
1,534
1,241
,
1,161
1
1,106
1
1,092
965
700
1
1
2,131
3,374
3,036
2,667
2,563
,
2,318
1
2,350
1
2,935
2,760
2,126
1
1
6.9
10.9
9.7
8.4
7.8
6.8
1
6.8
1
8.3
7.7
5.9
1
See footnote at end of table.
52
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 11. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage, by sex, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Year and sex
Total wage
and salary
workers
Total
Percent of
workers total wage
paid hourly and salary
rates
workers
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
At
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Total at or below
prevailing federal
minimum wage
Number
Percent of
workers paid
hourly rates
Men
1979……………………………
49,400
28,392
57.5
846
1,353
2,199
7.7
1980……………………………
1981……………………………
1982……………………………
1983……………………………
1984……………………………
1985……………………………
1986……………………………
1987……………………………
1988……………………………
1989……………………………
48,700
48,844
47,591
47,856
50,022
51,015
51,942
52,938
53,912
54,789
27,709
27,576
26,481
26,831
28,140
28,893
29,666
30,474
31,058
31,687
56.9
56.5
55.6
56.1
56.3
56.6
57.1
57.6
57.6
57.8
983
1,119
697
585
490
440
408
364
311
379
1,696
1,533
1,587
1,658
1,626
1,544
1,336
1,283
1,066
733
2,678
2,652
2,284
2,243
2,116
1,984
1,743
1,647
1,377
1,112
9.7
9.6
8.6
8.4
7.5
6.9
5.9
5.4
4.4
3.5
1990……………………………
1991……………………………
1992……………………………
1993……………………………
1994……………………………
1995……………………………
1996……………………………
1997……………………………
1998……………………………
1999……………………………
55,553
54,618
54,826
55,475
56,570
,
57,669
58,473
59,825
60,973
61,914
32,104
31,639
32,155
32,337
33,528
,
34,420
34,838
35,521
35,761
36,073
57.8
57.9
58.6
58.3
59.3
59.7
59.6
59.4
58.7
58.3
712
795
653
573
674
542
1
619
1
1,147
1,039
768
2000……………………………
2001……………………………
2002……………………………
2003……………………………
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
2009……………………………
63,662
63,647
63,272
63,236
64,145
65,466
66,811
67,468
66,846
63,539
36,720
36,544
36,000
35,853
36,806
37,652
38,193
37,790
37,334
35,185
57.7
57.4
56.9
56.7
57.4
57.5
57.2
56.0
55.9
55.4
582
497
582
493
470
459
422
1
460
1
638
1
990
2010……………………………
2011……………………………
2012……………………………
63,531
64,686
65,898
35,498
36,457
37,113
55.9
56.4
56.3
943
785
696
1
1
1
385
1,114
1,231
1,091
891
796
1
755
1
673
628
446
1
1,097
1,909
1,885
1,664
1,565
,
1,338
1
1,374
1
1,820
1,667
1,214
1
1
1
319
247
217
213
210
189
146
1
86
1
90
1
368
901
744
799
706
680
648
568
1
546
1
728
1
1,358
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.7
1.5
1
1.4
1
1.9
1
3.9
669
648
567
1,612
1,433
1,263
4.5
3.9
3.4
1
3.4
6.0
5.9
5.1
4.7
3.9
1
3.9
1
5.1
4.7
3.4
1
Data for 1990–1991, 1996–1997, and 2007–2009 reflect changes in the minimum wage that took place in those
years.
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other
changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90 in 1979, $3.10 in
1980, and $3.35 in 1981–1989. The minimum wage rose to $3.80 in April 1990, to $4.25 in April 1991, to $4.75 in
October 1996, to $5.15 in September 1997, to $5.85 in July 2007, to $6.55 in July 2008, and to $7.25 in July 2009. See
the technical notes section for more information about minimum wage workers.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov53 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 12. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by age, for full-time wage and salary workers,
1979–2012
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
62.3
78.6
85.2
76.3
62.1
67.5
58.3
56.8
60.6
77.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
80.3
82.6
85.3
88.8
87.9
87.6
89.0
88.3
89.7
90.8
89.5
91.7
92.9
94.0
93.1
90.7
91.4
87.8
89.8
94.3
78.1
80.6
82.4
85.5
85.2
85.7
87.5
88.0
90.0
89.7
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
69.4
70.3
72.1
73.3
74.6
75.1
76.1
76.7
77.7
78.3
58.3
59.9
61.1
61.5
62.0
63.0
63.9
66.1
68.5
68.3
56.9
56.8
60.1
59.5
59.4
59.7
60.9
62.3
61.7
62.7
59.4
58.9
61.4
61.8
61.5
61.0
61.2
62.2
62.3
63.9
76.4
71.1
70.3
68.8
66.8
65.9
71.5
68.7
70.9
74.3
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
90.1
93.3
94.0
94.8
93.9
90.8
92.5
92.1
91.3
91.0
90.8
93.6
94.0
92.8
92.5
88.1
88.8
91.6
88.6
91.4
90.3
93.3
94.3
95.4
94.5
92.4
92.8
90.5
89.4
90.5
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75.1
75.9
74.4
79.3
81.0
82.0
83.0
82.9
82.2
83.2
82.9
82.9
81.5
69.6
70.7
71.9
73.0
72.6
72.6
73.3
74.0
73.6
71.7
63.8
65.0
65.8
67.4
67.1
67.7
68.9
69.4
70.5
70.0
63.7
64.5
64.9
67.4
66.0
64.7
65.3
64.7
68.1
67.9
74.4
68.3
77.9
74.3
76.2
80.0
70.0
77.0
72.6
78.7
2000………………
2000
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
76 9
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
91.7
91
7
90.3
93.9
93.2
93.8
93.2
94.5
92.3
91.1
92.6
92.5
92
5
90.3
94.6
93.1
92.1
92.1
87.6
89.1
87.3
90.7
92.7
92
7
91.9
93.9
93.9
93.8
93.8
94.9
90.3
92.5
92.9
74.5
74
5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
78.7
82.4
82
4
83.0
84.5
86.9
87.8
89.0
88.2
86.9
88.5
88.7
71.6
71
6
72.5
75.2
76.1
75.6
75.5
77.2
76.5
74.5
77.4
73.2
73
2
73.5
74.6
73.0
72.9
75.5
73.5
74.5
74.9
73.6
69.1
69
1
70.5
71.6
72.7
73.0
74.7
72.9
72.8
75.4
75.3
75.1
75
1
69.0
73.8
71.1
74.6
76.4
77.5
77.8
74.8
76.1
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
81.2
82.2
80.9
95.3
92.5
88.9
94.6
88.6
88.5
93.8
93.2
89.0
80.5
81.0
79.9
90.8
92.3
90.2
79.9
78.5
78.1
76.5
76.0
75.1
75.2
75.1
76.2
75.7
80.9
77.6
Year
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the currentdollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table 22.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
54
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 13. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, for full-time wage and salary workers, 1979–2012
Year
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
62.3
61.7
74.4
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
63.4
63.1
64.5
65.6
66.8
67.2
67.9
68.2
68.4
69.3
75.8
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.5
82.6
82.8
84.4
82.8
86.5
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
71.5
73.7
75.3
76.5
74.6
73.3
73.8
74.6
76.1
75.7
2000……………………………………
2001
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
76.9
76 4
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
81.2
82.2
80.9
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
71.7
85.3
86.1
88.2
88.8
86.5
86.4
87.9
86.8
85.5
83.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
75.8
75 8
75.8
77.9
79.3
79.8
80.2
80.0
79.4
79.3
79.2
84.1
85 8
85.8
90.3
88.5
88.8
89.3
87.8
88.8
89.4
93.7
79.9
76 9
76.9
74.9
77.5
76.4
80.6
79.3
78.1
78.0
81.8
87.8
88 2
88.2
88.0
88.4
87.3
87.7
87.1
91.0
89.6
89.5
80.5
82.1
80.8
93.5
91.1
90.1
82.6
77.4
73.0
90.7
90.7
88.0
73.5
75.7
75.5
78.5
77.7
77.7
80.6
82.0
84.4
85.4
87.4
90.4
89.1
90.5
88.9
87.1
88.8
85.7
86.4
85.7
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are
calculated from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in table
23. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for
the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who selected that race
group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who
reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–
2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. Data for Asians
were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov55 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 14. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by educational attainment, for full-time
wage and salary workers 25 years and older, 1979–2012
Year
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
1979……………………………………
62.1
60.3
60.1
64.1
66.7
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
62.8
62.6
64.9
65.8
67.1
66.8
66.5
67.3
68.8
70.2
61.4
61.2
62.8
64.8
64.9
64.3
64.8
66.0
66.6
66.8
61.5
61.0
63.1
63.4
64.9
65.8
66.6
68.1
68.2
67.6
64.5
65.6
66.7
68.2
68.4
67.2
68.0
69.8
71.6
73.3
67.9
66.9
68.8
71.2
69.4
70.2
70.6
71.4
71.4
71.9
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
72.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
73.1
72.8
74.1
75.1
75.9
74.4
68.8
71.6
72.9
73.9
75.1
75.5
75.1
75.3
73.9
73.4
68.6
69.8
70.4
71.3
70.8
70.2
70.7
70.7
70.8
69.8
72.9
72.6
73.3
73.8
72.1
71.6
73.2
73.9
74.0
73.4
72.2
73.6
75.1
75.8
76.8
76.2
75.2
75.0
75.3
75.7
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
74.5
75.4
77.6
78.5
78.6
79.4
78.7
78.5
78.2
78.7
74.9
75.4
77.2
76.7
74.9
74.9
76.3
76.7
76.1
76.4
71.1
72.7
74.2
75.5
75.7
75.6
73.7
74.3
73.3
75.7
73.1
71.9
74.3
75.7
75.8
76.6
75.6
75.2
75.7
75.4
74.1
73.7
74.2
73.6
75.2
75.7
75.1
75.0
74.3
73.1
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
80.5
81.0
79.9
79.8
80.9
76.0
76.5
76.9
76.3
75.5
76.8
76.9
74.1
74.9
73.0
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are caculated
from the current-dollar median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and older in
table 24.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
56
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 15. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by age, for wage and salary workers paid hourly
rates, 1979–2012
16 to 24 years
Year
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
64.1
81.8
95.0
75.9
58.3
63.3
55.8
54.1
56.9
87.6
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
84.1
86.1
86.3
87.2
86.0
85.7
85.8
85.9
89.1
90.7
93.2
96.7
97.0
96.7
96.5
96.3
95.5
93.9
94.4
93.4
77.0
80.0
81.8
84.4
84.5
87.2
86.7
86.1
87.2
86.9
58.7
60.3
62.1
62.9
63.7
64.7
66.0
67.2
68.7
69.8
64.1
66.7
67.7
70.3
71.1
72.4
74.1
74.3
75.6
78.0
54.9
57.5
57.1
57.6
59.0
60.3
61.4
62.9
66.1
67.0
54.4
54.1
55.7
56.7
56.9
57.8
59.0
61.3
61.6
63.4
56.4
56.2
59.0
58.0
59.5
60.4
60.3
62.0
62.4
63.8
89.2
88.1
88.1
87.6
89.0
88.8
91.3
91.2
92.8
87.1
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80.8
81.8
83.8
91.0
91.0
91.3
91.7
90.5
90.9
92.1
92.2
90.3
92.7
93.8
97.9
97.7
97.1
97.0
96.1
97.0
96.6
96.7
96.8
90.1
91.7
92.5
94.2
91.2
89.3
89.6
91.2
89.1
89.9
71.8
73.5
76.0
77.3
78.2
76.1
78.2
78.8
77.9
79.4
79.4
80.4
82.6
83.6
85.5
83.7
83.1
82.7
86.1
83.9
68.7
70.4
73.1
73.1
73.4
72.6
74.6
75.7
77.4
76.9
64.3
65.0
66.1
67.3
69.9
70.8
72.1
72.3
75.0
72.7
66.2
68.9
69.3
69.0
70.7
71.4
72.4
70.5
72.4
76.4
89.6
92.6
92.6
92.1
94.0
94.2
91.6
98.1
93.2
95.4
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
85.5
91.7
90.5
92.5
93.2
93.9
92.6
90.9
89.3
91.2
93.1
93.8
95.8
96.9
97.6
95.9
96.0
95.7
95.4
96.6
97.1
93.0
89.7
91.3
91.0
91.7
92.4
90.5
90.4
91.6
92.0
80.8
79.2
82.1
83.1
81.7
83.2
83.2
81.7
83.0
84.7
88.3
85.8
85.1
87.5
88.3
89.2
87.6
87.4
87.0
90.6
76.3
75.0
78.7
79.1
78.4
79.6
80.0
81.5
80.5
80.7
73.2
76.1
77.6
79.0
79.1
80.2
76.4
79.6
78.2
77.0
76.8
80.2
80.8
78.4
79.6
80.2
80.6
79.2
81.8
84.5
94.7
90.4
89.3
90.3
92.5
97.8
93.0
92.2
91.6
92.6
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
86.0
86.8
86.4
93.6
94.6
93.0
97.8
97.5
97.9
91.7
92.5
92.0
85.6
86.7
86.8
91.9
92.0
91.5
82.9
83.8
83.9
79.9
81.5
81.2
83.2
82.2
83.1
93.8
91.5
90.9
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information on historical comparability is online at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of workers paid
hourly rates in table 25.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov57 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 16. Women's earnings as a percent of men's, by race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, for wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, 1979–2012
Year
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
64.1
62.5
72.6
–
71.8
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
64.8
65.1
67.3
69.4
69.8
70.0
70.2
72.1
73.8
75.4
63.6
63.8
66.0
68.0
68.6
67.8
68.8
70.9
72.7
74.0
74.9
72.1
75.2
79.2
79.1
82.0
78.7
80.1
80.8
83.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
75.1
76.4
75.6
76.1
77.0
79.4
80.8
80.2
81.1
83.0
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
77.9
78.6
80.3
80.4
80.6
80.8
81.2
80.8
81.8
83.8
75.6
76.6
78.6
78.9
79.7
78.4
79.6
80.3
81.8
82.3
84.5
86.5
87.1
89.6
87.5
87.3
88.0
87.5
86.9
83.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
86.1
86.9
88.3
88.6
89.3
90.9
88.8
86.3
87.6
86.6
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
83.8
85.2
85.0
84.8
84.6
84.8
84.0
84.8
85.4
85.5
83.0
83.8
83.8
84.0
84.0
84.2
83.6
83.7
84.5
84.8
88.8
89.9
92.3
91.7
91.3
91.1
88.5
90.3
89.9
89.7
90.5
85.1
91.7
89.8
88.8
91.3
90.7
89.5
87.3
90.4
87.3
85.6
86.1
88.5
90.2
90.1
87.6
88.5
85.1
84.6
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
86.0
86.8
86.4
85.0
85.9
85.3
92.1
93.5
92.0
88.0
89.8
90.1
86.2
86.8
85.4
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The women's-to-men's earnings ratios shown here are
calculated from the current-dollar median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates in
table 26. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. As of 2003,
estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include persons who
selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to
2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race.
Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians constitute a separate
category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
58
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Both Sexes
1979………………
$711
$507
$425
$549
$782
$752
$826
$814
$773
$584
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
695
688
689
686
686
701
718
723
718
714
496
484
475
463
457
456
464
470
465
463
408
390
374
360
356
354
356
360
366
365
531
516
502
489
486
489
496
501
496
494
759
746
747
752
762
772
782
779
772
764
732
717
710
704
705
711
720
721
715
705
801
789
808
811
819
827
838
841
840
844
790
775
788
805
811
815
832
830
845
844
756
748
742
759
771
776
794
783
782
771
538
538
578
572
573
605
596
600
603
597
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
702
701
705
718
715
717
714
718
736
756
458
456
442
441
438
437
434
437
449
470
356
350
340
335
338
346
350
359
377
387
486
479
465
465
459
458
455
458
477
500
765
768
768
768
766
763
758
770
805
815
693
683
676
682
672
675
675
686
706
713
828
819
806
809
822
823
815
826
840
842
833
834
837
848
867
871
866
866
872
898
779
771
774
770
767
769
780
796
833
832
584
627
606
615
588
582
560
561
570
556
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
768
773
776
774
775
766
764
770
770
791
481
486
486
483
474
467
466
470
472
473
396
396
389
388
375
374
369
373
372
368
511
511
509
502
493
484
482
498
498
497
812
817
824
826
830
819
818
817
811
829
732
747
754
742
734
718
707
712
710
726
833
852
852
858
866
860
852
852
857
875
892
899
901
903
903
880
880
875
876
897
827
827
860
884
881
873
871
889
880
900
617
633
640
644
680
669
664
670
687
732
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
786
771
768
455
449
444
365
359
356
478
466
464
823
813
815
718
707
707
867
854
858
888
884
878
905
899
897
720
757
757
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov59 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Women
1979………………
$537
$454
$389
$475
$575
$587
$578
$566
$558
$501
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
533
530
546
553
558
564
582
586
588
587
443
436
438
434
427
430
438
439
438
440
385
373
361
346
341
338
340
333
343
352
464
462
459
454
448
450
462
468
468
465
565
564
582
588
596
603
616
621
625
628
578
579
589
596
600
603
612
611
610
608
568
576
589
596
615
625
638
652
660
662
554
545
575
579
587
595
616
627
632
639
544
538
559
564
568
580
592
596
591
596
464
458
482
465
461
493
512
505
522
522
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
589
602
609
615
611
608
609
615
641
652
433
438
428
427
423
412
414
417
429
446
337
337
329
321
323
322
325
342
350
366
458
461
449
452
444
436
434
437
449
472
629
637
641
649
645
641
647
659
682
685
606
610
612
618
608
603
605
609
634
647
664
669
670
681
686
678
675
688
700
693
642
655
668
689
689
695
701
706
726
736
593
597
603
618
609
603
612
618
669
678
511
525
526
524
515
528
487
496
492
510
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
657
664
675
689
696
688
683
680
680
703
459
458
468
463
456
448
450
453
448
454
377
374
376
373
356
358
347
352
343
346
488
486
491
483
475
466
470
472
474
476
688
704
724
729
728
720
714
715
714
736
657
664
676
682
682
674
664
661
664
679
695
709
728
737
739
731
735
740
727
759
752
761
768
760
759
758
751
750
754
762
677
695
732
750
747
752
749
752
758
778
523
506
548
543
581
579
581
591
600
645
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
704
698
691
444
430
416
354
335
330
462
447
429
741
733
727
682
676
666
769
749
747
768
759
746
775
764
766
633
678
667
See note at end of table.
60
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in constant (2012) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
25 years and older
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Men
1979………………
$861
$578
$457
$622
$926
$870
$991
$997
$920
$646
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
830
823
831
831
825
829
838
839
838
837
552
528
514
489
486
491
492
497
489
485
430
407
388
368
366
373
372
379
382
374
594
574
557
531
526
525
528
532
521
519
899
901
897
893
888
902
926
923
909
894
833
823
817
814
804
802
804
797
785
776
973
961
963
969
992
992
998
986
965
970
973
959
957
974
989
996
1,012
1,006
1,024
1,018
915
913
911
912
924
951
968
957
950
932
607
644
685
675
691
747
716
735
737
703
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
819
811
803
798
799
805
812
826
841
851
480
469
455
451
450
454
448
452
470
490
371
360
349
346
349
365
366
374
395
401
508
493
476
474
470
472
468
482
502
522
872
860
859
869
882
880
873
877
899
920
765
753
747
745
734
734
727
735
765
795
954
947
931
933
945
934
921
929
952
967
1,007
1,007
1,016
1,022
1,028
1,025
1,017
1,017
1,030
1 051
1,051
930
926
928
917
923
933
937
954
983
999
687
768
675
706
675
660
695
645
678
647
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
855
869
866
868
866
849
846
848
851
877
500
507
499
497
486
481
476
491
491
490
408
414
398
401
386
388
396
395
393
381
527
529
523
514
507
496
495
523
513
513
924
934
934
929
926
907
908
911
914
935
797
800
800
784
776
758
753
761
751
766
971
978
968
968
977
967
952
967
975
981
1,028
1,036
1,029
1,041
1,041
1,004
1,022
1,007
1,006
1,035
980
986
1,023
1,032
1,024
1,006
1,027
1,033
1,005
1,033
696
733
744
764
779
758
749
760
803
847
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
867
849
854
466
464
468
374
378
373
493
480
482
920
904
910
752
732
738
963
954
957
1,004
999
994
1,031
1,017
1,005
836
838
860
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used
to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See the technical notes section.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov61 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012
annual averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$711
$732
$587
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
695
688
689
686
686
701
718
723
718
714
714
705
708
702
707
725
742
743
737
732
562
569
559
572
566
564
582
582
586
571
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
702
701
705
718
715
717
714
718
736
756
722
727
734
743
741
740
738
740
767
789
560
572
572
577
568
573
564
571
599
613
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
768
773
776
774
775
766
764
770
770
791
787
791
795
794
798
791
786
793
791
810
632
637
635
642
638
612
631
630
628
643
$820
829
839
865
860
886
893
919
918
942
532
541
541
549
554
554
554
557
564
579
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
786
771
768
805
791
792
643
628
621
900
884
920
563
560
568
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
–
$572
554
540
548
548
545
550
554
551
541
533
518
513
514
518
496
493
494
501
520
530
See note at end of table.
62
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012
annual averages (continued)
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$537
$543
$499
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
533
530
546
553
558
564
582
586
588
587
538
535
553
557
564
572
588
594
593
597
491
499
495
509
507
513
528
534
537
538
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
589
602
609
615
611
608
609
615
641
652
601
613
620
628
625
621
624
633
658
665
525
531
537
545
530
531
528
535
563
563
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
657
664
675
689
696
688
683
680
680
703
669
677
698
708
710
701
694
693
697
716
572
589
603
613
614
587
591
590
591
623
$729
730
722
747
745
782
796
810
803
834
488
503
506
512
509
505
501
524
534
545
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
704
698
691
720
717
710
623
607
599
814
766
770
535
529
521
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
–
$463
456
460
463
471
469
468
482
485
485
481
474
480
484
490
467
457
461
454
474
479
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov63 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in
constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012
annual averages (continued)
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$861
$879
$670
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
830
823
831
831
825
829
838
839
838
837
849
847
856
849
844
851
866
870
868
862
647
649
635
645
638
621
638
632
649
623
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
819
811
803
798
799
805
812
826
841
851
842
832
824
820
838
847
845
849
865
879
615
617
609
613
613
615
601
616
658
672
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
855
869
866
868
866
849
846
848
851
877
883
894
895
893
889
874
867
873
880
905
680
686
668
693
691
658
673
664
661
665
$913
949
964
964
974
971
1,005
1,037
1,030
1,019
556
571
575
579
583
575
575
576
596
609
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
867
849
854
895
873
879
666
666
665
985
990
1,055
589
583
592
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
–
$646
621
608
614
601
604
603
598
592
575
564
542
531
543
541
525
524
519
529
549
559
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological
and other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group
are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they
identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians
constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. The Consumer Price Index
research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See
the technical notes section.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
64
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual
averages
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
1979……………………………………
$782
$619
$735
$832
$1,015
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
759
746
747
752
762
772
782
779
772
764
589
581
566
561
554
550
556
549
537
531
706
692
689
682
680
678
688
689
687
671
806
785
801
796
804
813
818
814
802
809
997
985
1,000
1,011
1,023
1,031
1,050
1,091
1,091
1,089
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
765
768
768
768
766
763
758
770
805
815
516
505
498
491
470
463
462
458
474
477
658
653
646
649
645
647
646
658
674
675
811
804
776
773
764
760
755
763
785
799
1,087
1,095
1,115
1,119
1,123
1,118
1,105
1 111
1,111
1,155
1,185
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
812
817
824
826
830
819
818
817
811
829
483
495
495
494
487
481
477
474
483
486
673
674
682
692
697
686
678
669
659
670
795
800
802
798
803
788
788
780
770
777
1,188
1,195
1,200
1,203
1,198
1,192
1,183
1,187
1,189
1,217
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
823
813
815
467
460
471
659
651
652
773
754
749
1,204
1,173
1,165
Year and sex
Both Sexes
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov65 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
1979……………………………………
$575
$448
$546
$622
$779
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
565
564
582
588
596
603
616
621
625
628
435
424
420
428
421
411
416
414
412
413
533
525
539
539
545
546
554
557
556
544
613
617
626
632
642
646
660
671
672
678
769
770
790
809
821
843
872
901
905
907
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
629
637
641
649
645
641
647
659
682
685
409
411
410
412
394
392
391
392
398
399
537
539
540
543
538
533
532
539
557
558
673
673
652
660
648
639
644
655
669
672
911
924
952
956
971
964
958
959
994
1,019
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
688
704
724
729
728
720
714
715
714
736
405
410
415
411
406
401
408
409
403
409
560
575
584
592
593
580
569
567
554
580
673
674
693
699
701
691
686
674
670
675
1,008
1,019
1,032
1,039
1,045
1,039
1,031
1,032
1,018
1,039
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
741
733
727
408
403
386
572
565
561
672
658
659
1,038
1,018
1,001
Year and sex
Women
See note at end of table.
66
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in constant (2012) dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
1979……………………………………
$926
$743
$909
$971
$1,168
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
899
901
897
893
888
902
926
923
909
894
708
692
669
660
648
640
642
627
619
619
867
862
854
851
840
829
832
818
815
805
950
942
938
925
939
961
970
961
938
925
1,133
1,150
1,148
1,136
1,183
1,202
1,236
1,263
1,267
1,261
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
872
860
859
869
882
880
873
877
899
920
595
574
563
557
524
519
520
521
539
544
782
773
768
762
760
759
752
763
786
799
923
926
889
895
899
892
880
886
904
916
1,262
1,257
1,268
1,261
1,265
1,265
1,274
1 278
1,278
1,321
1,346
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
924
934
934
929
926
907
908
911
914
935
541
543
537
536
542
535
534
533
530
535
788
790
787
784
784
767
772
763
756
767
921
938
932
924
925
901
907
897
885
894
1,360
1,384
1,390
1,412
1,389
1,373
1,372
1,377
1,370
1,421
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
920
904
910
512
498
508
747
735
735
889
857
857
1,400
1,359
1,371
Year and sex
Men
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current
methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See the technical notes section.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov67 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
$13.10
$10.29
$9.14
$11.86
$15.07
$15.34
$15.60
$15.22
$14.66
$9.53
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
12.79
12.47
12.33
12.26
12.27
12.28
12.40
12.51
12.56
12.50
9.84
9.61
9.25
8.95
8.80
8.68
8.82
8.88
8.94
8.86
8.54
8.67
8.22
7.92
7.68
7.47
7.42
7.37
7.52
7.55
11.38
11.16
10.64
10.29
10.15
10.06
10.12
10.08
10.04
10.11
14.72
14.50
14.34
14.36
14.40
14.36
14.46
14.43
14.44
14.20
15.01
14.75
14.50
14.25
14.25
14.09
14.02
13.91
13.86
13.67
15.28
15.01
15.09
15.15
15.09
15.25
15.58
15.36
15.24
15.31
14.99
14.55
14.66
14.76
14.91
15.01
15.46
15.20
15.22
15.06
14.30
14.07
13.95
14.06
13.94
14.07
14.34
14.35
13.96
13.99
9.44
9.49
9.41
9.65
9.75
9.65
9.94
9.83
9.76
9.70
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
12.32
12.34
12.37
12.32
12.27
12.23
12.24
12.48
12.80
13.13
8.79
8.65
8.61
8.62
8.61
8.68
8.66
8.77
9.25
9.46
7.65
7.71
7.58
7.51
7.52
7.54
7.54
7.86
8.27
8.37
10.07
9.87
9.66
9.62
9.53
9.61
9.75
9.86
10.18
10.66
13.90
13.95
13.99
14.01
13.97
14.01
14.02
14.08
14.25
14.42
13.46
13.22
13.09
12.94
12.83
13.04
12.86
12.90
13.57
13.75
15.03
15.08
15.03
15.04
15.19
15.00
14.78
14.78
15.27
15.18
14.97
14.98
15.26
15.43
15.34
15.16
14.93
15.12
15.41
15.61
13.66
13.47
13.59
13.93
13.81
13.77
13.69
13.88
14.18
14.30
9.80
9.77
9.84
10.00
9.79
9.96
9.87
9.83
10.41
10.61
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
13.21
13.22
13.35
13.55
13.37
13.16
13.39
13.23
13.04
13.32
9.65
9.97
9.96
9.86
9.70
9.49
9.38
9.58
9.46
9.53
8.55
8.77
8.81
8.65
8.51
8.29
8.23
8.38
8.36
8.48
10.76
10.87
10.80
10.81
10.67
10.48
10.43
10.70
10.41
10.46
14.51
14.79
15.09
15.04
14.86
14.68
14.74
14.57
14.72
14.89
13.57
13.84
14.01
14.04
13.82
13.84
13.61
13.34
13.33
13.49
15.13
15.53
15.54
15.56
15.66
15.42
15.36
15.43
15.33
15.62
15.76
15.78
15.89
16.19
16.08
15.86
15.98
15.94
15.85
15.90
14.43
14.75
15.11
15.22
15.29
15.24
15.18
15.18
15.14
15.74
10.73
11.06
11.57
11.47
11.69
11.68
11.56
11.48
11.61
12.30
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
13.16
12.97
12.80
9.37
9.15
9.05
8.42
8.22
8.10
10.03
9.81
9.70
14.72
14.41
14.25
13.19
12.97
12.82
15.38
15.13
14.86
15.77
15.31
15.07
15.67
15.38
15.39
12.16
12.44
12.21
Year and sex
Both Sexes
See note at end of table.
68
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
$10.68
$9.41
$8.94
$10.38
$11.50
$11.92
$11.71
$11.33
$11.06
$9.20
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
10.48
10.36
10.53
10.53
10.46
10.45
10.66
10.83
10.90
10.93
9.15
8.98
8.63
8.38
8.27
8.17
8.22
8.16
8.36
8.39
8.33
8.52
8.11
7.79
7.56
7.35
7.30
7.18
7.29
7.33
10.05
9.90
9.57
9.34
9.18
9.29
9.42
9.46
9.42
9.36
11.25
11.36
11.46
11.47
11.54
11.67
11.90
11.91
12.01
12.13
11.78
11.84
11.85
11.93
11.79
11.79
11.90
11.88
11.87
11.95
11.38
11.55
11.60
11.64
11.81
12.04
12.26
12.28
12.61
12.70
11.22
11.11
11.30
11.38
11.60
11.73
11.98
12.15
12.29
12.34
10.82
10.73
10.96
11.12
11.09
11.12
11.50
11.66
11.34
11.41
8.97
8.98
8.97
9.12
9.20
9.02
9.46
9.38
9.55
9.19
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
10.97
11.10
11.15
11.14
11.10
11.17
11.27
11.33
11.58
11.90
8.43
8.36
8.27
8.25
8.15
8.22
8.28
8.49
8.78
9.09
7.41
7.63
7.52
7.40
7.40
7.40
7.42
7.73
8.13
8.24
9.49
9.39
9.25
9.33
9.16
9.12
9.13
9.34
9.75
9.94
12.04
12.07
12.26
12.32
12.33
12.23
12.29
12.48
12.84
13.13
11.94
11.83
11.94
11.91
11.91
11.86
11.75
11.70
12.38
12.53
12.56
12.71
12.80
12.77
12.92
12.92
12.96
13.04
13.59
13.54
12.20
12.52
12.72
12.80
12.96
13.05
13.03
13.21
13.76
13.71
11.47
11.43
11.54
11.83
11.98
11.87
11.76
11.85
12.45
12.85
9.28
9.47
9.57
9.67
9.56
9.66
9.40
9.74
10.14
10.33
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
12.08
12.50
12.61
12.58
12.36
12.13
12.13
12.16
12.25
12.59
9.33
9.40
9.50
9.48
9.37
9.18
9.10
9.03
8.99
9.19
8.31
8.57
8.67
8.55
8.34
8.14
8.10
8.21
8.22
8.37
10.40
10.38
10.34
10.22
10.11
10.00
10.05
9.97
9.77
9.84
13.19
13.23
13.66
13.75
13.65
13.62
13.52
13.34
13.30
13.66
12.92
12.89
12.91
13.12
12.90
12.78
12.61
12.41
12.49
12.81
13.37
13.54
14.01
13.95
13.91
13.93
13.72
13.69
13.74
13.92
13.57
14.07
14.26
14.72
14.52
14.27
13.96
14.23
14.03
14.01
13.12
13.48
13.79
13.80
14.06
13.95
13.80
13.54
13.86
14.55
10.49
10.56
11.14
11.04
11.13
11.55
11.36
11.24
11.23
11.90
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
12.45
12.22
11.99
9.07
8.91
8.78
8.33
8.12
8.02
9.56
9.35
9.17
13.56
13.37
13.17
12.67
12.37
12.15
13.81
13.71
13.46
14.21
14.04
13.80
14.40
14.32
14.36
11.77
12.00
11.84
Year and sex
Women
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov69 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 20. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in constant (2012) dollars,
by sex and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
25 years and older
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
1979………………
$16.67
$11.50
$9.41
$13.69
$19.73
$18.82
$21.00
$20.94
$19.44
$10.50
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
16.18
15.91
15.64
15.18
14.99
14.93
15.18
15.03
14.76
14.49
10.88
10.44
10.00
9.61
9.62
9.53
9.58
9.50
9.38
9.25
8.94
8.81
8.36
8.05
7.83
7.64
7.64
7.64
7.72
7.85
13.05
12.37
11.69
11.07
10.86
10.65
10.86
10.99
10.80
10.77
19.15
18.84
18.45
18.22
18.11
18.02
18.04
17.72
17.50
17.37
18.38
17.75
17.51
16.97
16.59
16.29
16.06
15.98
15.69
15.31
20.72
20.10
20.30
20.22
20.02
19.96
19.98
19.54
19.07
18.94
20.64
20.56
20.27
20.09
20.40
20.31
20.30
19.81
19.94
19.46
19.20
19.08
18.58
19.17
18.65
18.41
19.08
18.80
18.17
17.89
10.05
10.19
10.18
10.42
10.34
10.16
10.36
10.29
10.30
10.55
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999
1999………………
14.09
14.13
13.89
13.87
13.78
13.82
13.88
14.02
14.15
14 20
14.20
9.27
9.18
9.05
9.00
9.00
9.04
8.99
9.20
9.72
9 81
9.81
7.90
7.80
7.69
7.62
7.63
7.69
7.65
8.00
8.41
8 51
8.51
10.53
10.25
10.00
9.91
10.05
10.21
10.19
10.24
10.94
11 06
11.06
16.76
16.41
16.12
15.93
15.76
16.06
15.71
15.83
16.48
16 53
16.53
15.04
14.70
14.46
14.24
13.94
14.16
14.14
14.15
14.37
14 93
14.93
18.28
18.06
17.52
17.46
17.61
17.80
17.36
17.22
17.55
17 60
17.60
18.96
19.26
19.26
19.01
18.53
18.44
18.08
18.26
18.34
18 84
18.84
17.33
16.58
16.65
17.15
16.94
16.63
16.25
16.82
17.19
16 82
16.82
10.36
10.23
10.34
10.50
10.17
10.25
10.26
9.93
10.89
10 83
10.83
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
14.41
14.68
14.85
14.84
14.61
14.31
14.44
14.34
14.35
14.73
10.17
10.39
10.27
10.16
9.98
9.91
10.01
10.11
9.85
9.87
8.85
8.95
8.95
8.76
8.69
8.48
8.46
8.60
8.51
8.62
11.19
11.57
11.33
11.24
11.02
10.82
11.10
11.03
10.66
10.70
16.32
16.71
16.65
16.54
16.70
16.36
16.25
16.33
16.02
16.13
14.63
15.02
15.17
14.99
14.62
14.32
14.38
14.21
14.36
14.13
17.52
18.05
17.81
17.64
17.74
17.51
17.15
16.80
17.08
17.24
18.53
18.48
18.37
18.64
18.36
17.80
18.27
17.88
17.93
18.19
17.08
16.80
17.07
17.59
17.67
17.40
17.13
17.11
16.95
17.23
11.08
11.67
12.47
12.22
12.03
11.81
12.21
12.19
12.26
12.85
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
14.48
14.08
13.88
9.69
9.42
9.44
8.52
8.33
8.19
10.42
10.10
9.97
15.83
15.42
15.17
13.79
13.45
13.28
16.66
16.36
16.05
17.78
17.22
16.99
17.32
17.42
17.28
12.55
13.11
13.03
Year and sex
Men
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. The Consumer Price Index research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is
used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See the technical notes section.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
70
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012
annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
1979……………………………………
$13.10
$13.30
$12.12
–
$12.04
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
12.79
12.47
12.33
12.26
12.27
12.28
12.40
12.51
12.56
12.50
12.94
12.54
12.49
12.41
12.42
12.42
12.56
12.69
12.71
12.67
11.78
11.86
11.55
11.29
11.28
11.20
11.60
11.59
11.47
11.50
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.78
11.65
11.44
11.16
11.09
11.14
11.30
11.26
11.10
10.86
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
12.32
12.34
12.37
12.32
12.27
12.23
12.24
12.48
12.80
13.13
12.49
12.52
12.53
12.47
12.42
12.46
12.49
12.67
12.97
13.42
11.60
11.51
11.31
11.24
11.16
11.47
11.31
11.43
11.80
12.19
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.70
10.63
10.66
10.69
10.61
10.48
10.45
10.54
11.14
11.12
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
13.21
13.22
13.35
13.55
13.37
13.16
13.39
13.23
13.04
13.32
13.28
13.31
13.66
13.70
13.52
13.51
13.51
13.38
13.37
13.55
12.45
12.68
12.67
12.67
12.38
11.96
12.14
12.06
11.94
12.46
$13.43
13.94
13.21
13.88
13.49
14.13
14.27
13.53
13.87
14.09
11.39
11.75
11.76
12.18
11.92
11.71
11.53
11.34
11.70
11.82
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
13.16
12.97
12.80
13.41
13.17
13.04
12.39
12.03
11.84
13.92
13.62
13.23
11.45
11.28
11.12
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov71 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012
annual averages (continued)
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
1979……………………………………
$10.68
$10.68
$10.47
–
$10.15
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
10.48
10.36
10.53
10.53
10.46
10.45
10.66
10.83
10.90
10.93
10.50
10.36
10.53
10.55
10.48
10.47
10.70
10.87
10.93
10.97
10.29
10.15
10.25
10.35
10.25
10.26
10.34
10.44
10.47
10.52
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.03
9.93
9.89
9.69
9.79
9.82
10.00
9.88
9.85
9.89
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
10.97
11.10
11.15
11.14
11.10
11.17
11.27
11.33
11.58
11.90
11.01
11.12
11.20
11.21
11.24
11.29
11.36
11.41
11.72
12.02
10.61
10.77
10.64
10.75
10.61
10.66
10.50
10.83
11.11
11.20
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.88
9.84
9.89
9.87
9.80
9.88
9.87
9.73
10.15
10.28
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
12.08
12.50
12.61
12.58
12.36
12.13
12.13
12.16
12.25
12.59
12.12
12.62
12.68
12.62
12.41
12.35
12.27
12.25
12.47
12.67
11.81
11.87
12.05
12.37
12.07
11.68
11.51
11.57
11.49
11.79
$13.03
13.06
12.88
13.33
12.84
13.69
13.61
13.10
13.06
13.57
10.52
10.74
10.89
11.09
10.98
10.80
10.82
10.85
10.74
10.80
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
12.45
12.22
11.99
12.51
12.30
12.08
11.79
11.51
11.23
13.06
13.06
12.75
10.64
10.46
10.21
See note at end of table.
72
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 21. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
constant (2012) dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012
annual averages (continued)
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
$14.13
13.74
14.07
13.63
13.07
12.97
12.53
13.14
13.04
12.95
12.65
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
14.57
14.51
14.25
14.19
14.10
14.40
14.27
14.21
14 32
14.32
14.61
12.56
12.45
12.21
12.00
12.13
12.22
11.92
12.37
12 78
12.78
13.46
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
11.48
11.32
11.20
11.14
10.98
10.87
11.11
11.27
11 59
11.59
11.86
14.41
14.68
14.85
14.84
14.61
14.31
14.44
14.34
14.35
14.73
14.60
15.06
15.13
15.02
14.78
14.67
14.67
14.64
14.77
14.94
13.31
13.20
13.06
13.50
13.22
12.82
13.01
12.81
12.78
13.14
$14.39
15.36
14.06
14.84
14.46
15.00
15.01
14.64
14.96
15.00
12.05
12.54
12.65
12.52
12.17
11.99
12.35
12.26
12.61
12.76
14.48
14.08
13.88
14.71
14.31
14.17
12.80
12.31
12.20
14.85
14.54
14.15
12.35
12.05
11.96
1979……………………………………
$16.67
$17.08
$14.42
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
16.18
15.91
15.64
15.18
14.99
14.93
15.18
15.03
14.76
14.49
16.53
16.25
15.94
15.50
15.28
15.44
15.56
15.34
15.04
14.81
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
14.09
14.13
13.89
13.87
13.78
13.82
13.88
14.02
14 15
14.15
14.20
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
13.34
13.00
13.08
12.74
12.72
12.36
12.38
12.32
12.15
11.91
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group
are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they
identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians
constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. The Consumer Price Index
research series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert current dollars to constant dollars. See
the technical notes section.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov73 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2012 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
25 years and older
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Both Sexes
1979………………
$241
$172
$144
$186
$265
$255
$280
$276
$262
$198
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
187
200
208
211
217
224
232
243
249
259
154
161
164
164
169
174
178
186
196
204
200
213
220
223
231
240
248
259
266
276
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
276
296
311
321
335
349
360
373
383
394
302
326
354
370
389
406
419
435
450
472
298
320
345
367
385
400
416
429
453
472
285
309
325
346
366
381
397
405
419
431
203
222
253
261
272
297
298
310
323
334
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
269
277
276
282
286
292
298
306
319
341
209
213
212
214
221
231
240
252
268
281
285
291
290
297
300
306
312
321
339
363
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
407
415
422
436
439
451
463
481
502
518
486
498
503
517
537
550
559
579
597
611
489
507
522
542
566
582
594
607
620
652
457
469
483
492
501
514
535
558
592
604
343
381
378
393
384
389
384
393
405
404
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
361
375
381
387
390
397
409
424
443
442
297
305
305
311
309
318
324
337
349
344
383
394
399
402
406
411
423
450
467
464
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
774
549
576
591
594
604
610
621
643
666
678
625
657
668
687
713
731
748
769
804
817
669
693
706
723
743
748
773
790
822
838
620
638
674
708
725
742
765
803
825
841
463
488
502
516
560
569
583
605
644
684
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
747
756
768
432
440
444
347
352
356
454
457
464
782
797
815
682
693
707
824
837
858
844
866
878
860
881
897
684
742
757
See note at end of table.
74
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
25 years and older
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Women
1979………………
$182
$154
$132
$161
$195
$199
$196
$192
$189
$170
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
167
180
192
198
203
211
219
227
235
246
145
154
158
158
162
166
170
172
184
197
175
191
201
207
213
221
231
242
251
260
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
218
239
258
272
285
296
306
316
327
340
214
238
258
272
292
307
319
337
354
370
209
225
252
264
279
292
308
324
339
357
205
222
245
257
270
285
296
308
317
333
175
189
211
212
219
242
256
261
280
292
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
254
266
267
273
276
275
284
292
305
324
198
205
205
205
211
215
223
240
249
266
269
280
280
289
290
291
298
306
319
343
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
356
371
382
395
397
403
415
427
451
470
390
407
418
435
448
453
463
482
498
503
377
398
417
440
450
464
481
495
516
534
348
363
376
395
398
403
420
433
476
492
300
319
328
335
336
353
334
348
350
370
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
344
353
367
371
375
381
395
409
420
424
283
288
295
299
293
304
305
318
322
323
366
375
385
387
391
396
413
426
445
445
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
687
493
512
530
546
561
573
583
597
623
634
521
547
571
590
608
621
645
668
682
709
564
587
602
609
625
644
659
677
707
712
508
536
574
601
615
639
658
679
711
727
392
390
430
435
478
492
510
534
563
602
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
669
684
691
422
421
416
336
328
330
439
438
429
704
718
727
648
662
666
731
734
747
730
744
746
736
749
766
601
664
667
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov75 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 22. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
Total
25 years and older
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Men
1979………………
$292
$196
$155
$211
$314
$295
$336
$338
$312
$219
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
208
218
225
223
231
241
246
257
262
271
162
168
170
168
174
183
186
196
205
209
224
237
244
242
250
258
264
275
279
290
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
314
340
358
371
382
394
402
412
421
434
367
397
422
442
471
487
499
510
517
542
367
396
419
444
470
489
506
520
549
569
345
377
399
416
439
467
484
495
509
521
229
266
300
308
328
367
358
380
395
393
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
282
285
284
288
294
303
307
317
334
356
218
219
218
221
228
244
251
262
281
291
298
300
297
303
307
315
321
338
357
379
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
449
458
466
476
479
490
499
515
544
577
560
576
581
596
617
624
632
651
677
702
591
612
634
653
671
685
698
713
732
763
546
563
579
586
603
623
643
669
699
725
403
467
421
451
441
441
477
452
482
470
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
375
391
391
398
400
409
418
443
461
458
306
319
312
321
318
330
348
357
369
356
395
408
410
412
417
422
435
472
481
479
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
873
598
617
627
628
639
644
661
687
704
715
728
754
759
775
804
822
836
873
915
916
771
799
807
834
857
853
897
909
944
967
735
760
802
827
843
855
902
933
943
965
522
565
583
612
641
644
658
686
753
791
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
824
832
854
443
455
468
355
370
373
468
470
482
874
886
910
714
717
738
915
935
957
954
979
994
979
997
1,005
794
821
860
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
76
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
–
1979……………………………………
$241
$248
$199
$194
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
269
291
310
320
336
356
371
384
395
409
212
235
245
261
269
277
291
301
314
319
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
424
442
458
475
484
494
506
519
545
573
329
348
357
369
371
383
387
400
426
445
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
590
610
623
636
657
672
690
716
742
757
474
491
498
514
525
520
554
569
589
601
$615
639
658
693
708
753
784
830
861
880
399
417
424
440
456
471
486
503
529
541
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
747
756
768
765
775
792
611
615
621
855
866
920
535
549
568
209
223
240
250
259
270
277
285
290
298
304
312
321
331
324
329
339
351
370
385
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov77 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
–
1979……………………………………
$182
$184
$169
$157
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
203
221
242
254
268
281
294
307
318
334
185
206
217
232
241
252
264
276
288
301
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999
1999……………………………………
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
353
373
387
401
408
415
428
444
468
483
308
323
335
348
346
355
362
375
400
409
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
502
522
547
567
584
596
609
626
654
669
429
454
473
491
505
499
519
533
554
582
$547
563
566
598
613
665
699
731
753
779
366
388
397
410
419
429
440
473
501
509
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
669
684
691
684
703
710
592
595
599
773
751
770
508
518
521
172
190
203
215
223
230
241
251
260
269
278
292
302
313
305
305
316
318
337
348
See note at end of table.
78
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 23. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers, in current
dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
–
1979……………………………………
$292
$298
$227
$219
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
320
350
375
387
401
418
433
450
465
482
244
268
278
294
303
305
319
327
348
348
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999
1999……………………………………
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
494
506
514
524
547
566
580
595
615
638
361
375
380
392
400
411
412
432
468
488
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
662
689
702
715
732
743
761
788
825
845
510
529
524
555
569
559
591
600
620
621
$685
732
756
772
802
825
882
936
966
952
417
440
451
464
480
489
505
520
559
569
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
824
832
854
850
856
879
633
653
665
936
970
1,055
560
571
592
234
251
269
274
287
296
299
306
308
315
318
323
339
346
343
350
356
371
390
406
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group
are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they
identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians
constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov79 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual averages
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Both Sexes
1979……………………………………
$265
$210
$249
$282
$344
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
286
308
327
343
362
379
391
403
414
427
222
240
248
256
263
270
278
284
288
297
266
286
302
311
323
333
344
356
368
375
304
324
351
363
382
399
409
421
430
452
376
407
438
461
486
506
525
564
585
609
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
449
467
479
491
500
510
520
540
572
592
303
307
311
314
307
309
317
321
337
346
386
397
403
415
421
432
443
461
479
490
476
489
484
494
499
508
518
535
558
580
638
666
696
715
733
747
758
779
821
860
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
609
630
646
662
683
696
718
738
761
774
362
382
388
396
401
409
419
428
453
454
505
520
535
554
574
583
595
604
618
626
596
617
629
639
661
670
692
704
722
726
891
921
941
964
986
1,013
1,039
1,072
1,115
1,137
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
782
797
815
444
451
471
626
638
652
734
739
749
1,144
1,150
1,165
See note at end of table.
80
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Women
1979……………………………………
$195
$152
$185
$211
$264
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
213
233
255
268
283
296
308
321
335
351
164
175
184
195
200
202
208
214
221
231
201
217
236
246
259
268
277
288
298
304
231
255
274
288
305
317
330
347
360
379
290
318
346
369
390
414
436
466
485
507
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
369
387
400
415
421
428
444
462
485
497
240
250
256
263
257
262
268
275
283
290
315
328
337
347
351
356
365
378
396
405
395
409
407
422
423
427
442
459
476
488
535
562
594
611
634
644
657
672
707
740
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
516
543
568
584
599
612
627
646
670
687
304
316
325
329
334
341
358
369
378
382
420
443
458
474
488
493
500
512
520
542
505
520
543
560
577
587
602
609
628
630
756
786
809
832
860
883
905
932
955
970
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
704
718
727
388
395
386
543
554
561
638
645
659
986
998
1,001
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov81 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 24. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years and
older, in current dollars, by sex and educational attainment, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
Year and sex
Total,
25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school Some college
graduates, no or associate's
degree
college
Bachelor's
degree and
higher
Men
1979……………………………………
$314
$252
$308
$329
$396
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….....
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
339
372
393
407
422
443
463
477
487
500
267
286
293
301
308
314
321
324
332
346
327
356
374
388
399
407
416
423
437
450
358
389
411
422
446
472
485
497
503
517
427
475
503
518
562
590
618
653
679
705
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
512
523
536
555
576
588
599
615
639
668
349
349
351
356
342
347
357
365
383
395
459
470
479
487
496
507
516
535
559
580
542
563
555
572
587
596
604
621
643
665
741
764
791
806
826
845
874
896
939
977
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
693
720
732
744
762
771
797
823
857
873
406
419
421
429
446
455
469
481
497
500
591
609
617
628
645
652
678
689
709
716
691
723
731
740
761
766
796
810
830
835
1,020
1,067
1,090
1,131
1,143
1,167
1,205
1,243
1,285
1,327
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
874
886
910
486
488
508
710
720
735
845
840
857
1,330
1,332
1,371
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
82
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2012 annual averages
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Both Sexes
1979………………
$4.44
$3.49
$3.10
$4.02
$5.11
$5.20
$5.29
$5.16
$4.97
$3.23
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
3.71
3.97
4.05
4.08
4.18
4.26
4.41
4.59
4.79
4.95
3.22
3.58
3.60
3.61
3.65
3.67
3.71
3.81
4.03
4.22
4.29
4.61
4.66
4.69
4.82
4.94
5.06
5.21
5.38
5.65
5.55
5.99
6.28
6.55
6.84
7.05
7.23
7.46
7.74
7.94
5.66
6.09
6.35
6.50
6.77
6.92
7.01
7.19
7.43
7.64
5.76
6.20
6.61
6.91
7.17
7.49
7.79
7.94
8.17
8.56
5.65
6.01
6.42
6.73
7.08
7.37
7.73
7.86
8.16
8.42
5.39
5.81
6.11
6.41
6.62
6.91
7.17
7.42
7.48
7.82
3.56
3.92
4.12
4.40
4.63
4.74
4.97
5.08
5.23
5.42
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9.10
9.53
5.16
5.26
5.37
5.51
5.62
5.80
5.94
6.15
6.58
6.87
4.49
4.69
4.73
4.80
4.91
5.04
5.17
5.51
5.88
6.08
5.91
6.00
6.03
6.15
6.22
6.42
6.69
6.91
7.24
7.74
8.16
8.48
8.73
8.95
9.12
9.36
9.62
9.87
10.13
10.47
7.90
8.04
8.17
8.27
8.38
8.71
8.82
9.04
9.65
9.98
8.82
9.17
9.38
9.61
9.92
10.02
10.14
10.36
10.86
11.02
8.79
9.11
9.52
9.86
10.02
10.13
10.24
10.60
10.96
11.33
8.02
8.19
8.48
8.90
9.02
9.20
9.39
9.73
10.08
10.38
5.75
5.94
6.14
6.39
6.39
6.65
6.77
6.89
7.40
7.70
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
12.44
7.24
7.69
7.81
7.90
7.98
8.07
8.24
8.65
8.87
8.90
6.41
6.76
6.91
6.93
7.00
7.05
7.23
7.57
7.84
7.92
8.07
8.38
8.47
8.66
8.78
8.91
9.16
9.66
9.76
9.77
10.88
11.40
11.83
12.05
12.23
12.48
12.94
13.16
13.81
13.91
10.18
10.67
10.98
11.25
11.37
11.76
11.95
12.05
12.50
12.60
11.35
11.97
12.18
12.46
12.89
13.11
13.49
13.93
14.38
14.59
11.82
12.17
12.46
12.97
13.23
13.48
14.03
14.39
14.87
14.85
10.82
11.37
11.85
12.19
12.58
12.95
13.33
13.71
14.20
14.70
8.05
8.53
9.07
9.19
9.62
9.93
10.15
10.37
10.89
11.49
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
12.50
12.71
12.80
8.90
8.97
9.05
8.00
8.06
8.10
9.53
9.61
9.70
13.98
14.12
14.25
12.53
12.71
12.82
14.61
14.83
14.86
14.98
15.00
15.07
14.89
15.07
15.39
11.55
12.19
12.21
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov83 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Women
1979………………
$3.62
$3.19
$3.03
$3.52
$3.90
$4.04
$3.97
$3.84
$3.75
$3.12
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.45
3.71
3.78
3.82
3.93
4.01
4.11
4.22
4.48
4.69
3.14
3.52
3.55
3.55
3.59
3.61
3.65
3.71
3.91
4.10
3.79
4.09
4.19
4.26
4.36
4.56
4.71
4.89
5.05
5.23
4.24
4.69
5.02
5.23
5.48
5.73
5.95
6.16
6.44
6.78
4.44
4.89
5.19
5.44
5.60
5.79
5.95
6.14
6.36
6.68
4.29
4.77
5.08
5.31
5.61
5.91
6.13
6.35
6.76
7.10
4.23
4.59
4.95
5.19
5.51
5.76
5.99
6.28
6.59
6.90
4.08
4.43
4.80
5.07
5.27
5.46
5.75
6.03
6.08
6.38
3.38
3.71
3.93
4.16
4.37
4.43
4.73
4.85
5.12
5.14
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8.64
4.95
5.08
5.16
5.27
5.32
5.49
5.68
5.95
6.24
6.60
4.35
4.64
4.69
4.73
4.83
4.94
5.09
5.42
5.78
5.98
5.57
5.71
5.77
5.96
5.98
6.09
6.26
6.55
6.93
7.22
7.07
7.34
7.65
7.87
8.05
8.17
8.43
8.75
9.13
9.53
7.01
7.19
7.45
7.61
7.78
7.92
8.06
8.20
8.80
9.10
7.37
7.73
7.99
8.16
8.44
8.63
8.89
9.14
9.66
9.83
7.16
7.61
7.94
8.18
8.46
8.72
8.94
9.26
9.78
9.95
6.73
6.95
7.20
7.56
7.82
7.93
8.07
8.31
8.85
9.33
5.45
5.76
5.97
6.18
6.24
6.45
6.45
6.83
7.21
7.50
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
11.76
7.00
7.25
7.45
7.59
7.71
7.80
7.99
8.15
8.43
8.58
6.23
6.61
6.80
6.85
6.86
6.92
7.11
7.41
7.71
7.82
7.80
8.00
8.11
8.19
8.32
8.50
8.82
9.00
9.16
9.19
9.89
10.20
10.71
11.01
11.23
11.58
11.87
12.05
12.48
12.76
9.69
9.94
10.12
10.51
10.62
10.86
11.07
11.21
11.72
11.96
10.03
10.44
10.98
11.17
11.45
11.84
12.05
12.36
12.89
13.00
10.18
10.85
11.18
11.79
11.95
12.13
12.26
12.85
13.16
13.09
9.84
10.39
10.81
11.05
11.57
11.86
12.12
12.23
13.00
13.59
7.87
8.14
8.73
8.84
9.16
9.82
9.97
10.15
10.53
11.11
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
11.83
11.98
11.99
8.62
8.73
8.78
7.91
7.96
8.02
9.08
9.16
9.17
12.88
13.10
13.17
12.04
12.12
12.15
13.12
13.44
13.46
13.50
13.76
13.80
13.68
14.03
14.36
11.18
11.76
11.84
See note at end of table.
84
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 25. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in current dollars, by sex
and age, 1979–2012 annual averages (continued)
16 to 24 years
Year and sex
Total,
16 years
and older
25 years and older
Total
16 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
Total
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and older
Men
1979………………
$5.65
$3.90
$3.19
$4.64
$6.69
$6.38
$7.12
$7.10
$6.59
$3.56
1980………………
1981………………
1982………………
1983………………
1984………………
1985………………
1986………………
1987………………
1988………………
1989………………
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
4.10
4.31
4.38
4.38
4.57
4.68
4.79
4.91
5.03
5.17
3.37
3.64
3.66
3.67
3.72
3.75
3.82
3.95
4.14
4.39
4.92
5.11
5.12
5.05
5.16
5.23
5.43
5.68
5.79
6.02
7.22
7.78
8.08
8.31
8.60
8.85
9.02
9.16
9.38
9.71
6.93
7.33
7.67
7.74
7.88
8.00
8.03
8.26
8.41
8.56
7.81
8.30
8.89
9.22
9.51
9.80
9.99
10.10
10.22
10.59
7.78
8.49
8.88
9.16
9.69
9.97
10.15
10.24
10.69
10.88
7.24
7.88
8.14
8.74
8.86
9.04
9.54
9.72
9.74
10.00
3.79
4.21
4.46
4.75
4.91
4.99
5.18
5.32
5.52
5.90
1990………………
1991………………
1992………………
1993………………
1994………………
1995………………
1996………………
1997………………
1998………………
1999………………
8.27
8.59
8.67
8.86
9.00
9.23
9.52
9.83
10.06
10.31
5.44
5.58
5.65
5.75
5.88
6.04
6.17
6.45
6.91
7.12
4.64
4.74
4.80
4.87
4.98
5.14
5.25
5.61
5.98
6.18
6.18
6.23
6.24
6.33
6.56
6.82
6.99
7.18
7.78
8.03
9.84
9.98
10.06
10.18
10.29
10.73
10.78
11.10
11.72
12.00
8.83
8.94
9.02
9.10
9.10
9.46
9.70
9.92
10.22
10.84
10.73
10.98
10.93
11.16
11.50
11.89
11.91
12.07
12.48
12.78
11.13
11.71
12.02
12.15
12.10
12.32
12.40
12.80
13.04
13.68
10.17
10.08
10.39
10.96
11.06
11.11
11.15
11.79
12.22
12.21
6.08
6.22
6.45
6.71
6.64
6.85
7.04
6.96
7.74
7.86
2000………………
2001………………
2002………………
2003………………
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
13.76
7.63
8.01
8.05
8.14
8.21
8.42
8.79
9.13
9.24
9.22
6.64
6.90
7.02
7.02
7.15
7.21
7.43
7.77
7.98
8.05
8.39
8.92
8.88
9.00
9.07
9.20
9.75
9.96
10.00
9.99
12.24
12.88
13.05
13.25
13.74
13.91
14.27
14.75
15.03
15.07
10.97
11.58
11.89
12.01
12.03
12.17
12.63
12.83
13.47
13.20
13.14
13.92
13.96
14.13
14.60
14.88
15.06
15.17
16.02
16.10
13.90
14.25
14.40
14.93
15.11
15.13
16.04
16.15
16.82
16.99
12.81
12.95
13.38
14.09
14.54
14.79
15.04
15.45
15.90
16.09
8.31
9.00
9.78
9.79
9.90
10.04
10.72
11.01
11.50
12.00
2010………………
2011………………
2012………………
13.76
13.80
13.88
9.21
9.23
9.44
8.09
8.16
8.19
9.90
9.90
9.97
15.04
15.11
15.17
13.10
13.18
13.28
15.83
16.03
16.05
16.89
16.88
16.99
16.45
17.07
17.28
11.92
12.85
13.03
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and other changes in the
Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov85 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual
averages
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$4.44
$4.51
$4.11
–
$4.08
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
4.82
5.15
5.40
5.59
5.83
6.03
6.20
6.47
6.73
6.99
4.88
5.18
5.47
5.66
5.90
6.10
6.28
6.56
6.81
7.08
4.44
4.90
5.06
5.15
5.36
5.50
5.80
5.99
6.15
6.43
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.44
4.81
5.01
5.09
5.27
5.47
5.65
5.82
5.95
6.07
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
7.23
7.50
7.72
7.87
8.01
8.17
8.40
8.75
9.10
9.53
7.33
7.61
7.82
7.97
8.11
8.32
8.57
8.88
9.22
9.74
6.81
7.00
7.06
7.18
7.29
7.66
7.76
8.01
8.39
8.85
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.28
6.46
6.65
6.83
6.93
7.00
7.17
7.39
7.92
8.07
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
9.91
10.19
10.47
10.85
11.00
11.19
11.76
11.95
12.23
12.44
9.96
10.26
10.71
10.97
11.13
11.48
11.86
12.08
12.54
12.66
9.34
9.78
9.93
10.15
10.19
10.17
10.66
10.89
11.20
11.64
$10.07
10.75
10.36
11.12
11.10
12.01
12.53
12.22
13.01
13.16
8.54
9.06
9.22
9.76
9.81
9.95
10.12
10.24
10.97
11.04
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
12.50
12.71
12.80
12.74
12.91
13.04
11.77
11.79
11.84
13.22
13.35
13.23
10.88
11.05
11.12
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Both Sexes
See note at end of table.
86
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
1979……………………………………
$3.62
$3.62
$3.55
–
$3.44
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
3.95
4.28
4.61
4.80
4.97
5.13
5.33
5.60
5.84
6.11
3.96
4.28
4.61
4.81
4.98
5.14
5.35
5.62
5.86
6.13
3.88
4.19
4.49
4.72
4.87
5.04
5.17
5.40
5.61
5.88
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
3.78
4.10
4.33
4.42
4.65
4.82
5.00
5.11
5.28
5.53
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999……………………………………
6.44
6.75
6.96
7.12
7.25
7.46
7.73
7.94
8.23
8.64
6.46
6.76
6.99
7.16
7.34
7.54
7.79
8.00
8.33
8.73
6.23
6.55
6.64
6.87
6.93
7.12
7.20
7.59
7.90
8.13
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.80
5.98
6.17
6.31
6.40
6.60
6.77
6.82
7.22
7.46
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
9.06
9.64
9.89
10.08
10.17
10.31
10.65
10.98
11.49
11.76
9.09
9.73
9.94
10.11
10.21
10.50
10.77
11.06
11.70
11.83
8.86
9.15
9.45
9.91
9.93
9.93
10.11
10.45
10.78
11.01
$9.77
10.07
10.10
10.68
10.57
11.64
11.95
11.83
12.25
12.67
7.89
8.28
8.54
8.88
9.04
9.18
9.50
9.80
10.07
10.09
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
11.83
11.98
11.99
11.88
12.05
12.08
11.20
11.28
11.23
12.41
12.80
12.75
10.11
10.25
10.21
Year and sex
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Women
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov87 HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Table 26. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid hourly rates, in
current dollars, by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1979–2012 annual
averages (continued)
Year and sex
Total,
16 years and
older
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
Men
1979……………………………………
$5.65
$5.79
$4.89
6.10
6.57
6.85
6.92
7.12
7.33
7.59
7.77
7.91
8.10
6.23
6.71
6.98
7.07
7.26
7.58
7.78
7.93
8.06
8.28
5.18
5.81
5.97
5.96
6.16
6.15
6.57
6.74
6.94
7.07
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
$4.79
1980……………………………………
1981……………………………………
1982……………………………………
1983……………………………………
1984……………………………………
1985……………………………………
1986……………………………….......
1987……………………………………
1988……………………………………
1989……………………………………
1990……………………………………
1991……………………………………
1992……………………………………
1993……………………………………
1994……………………………………
1995……………………………………
1996……………………………………
1997……………………………………
1998……………………………………
1999
1999……………………………………
8.27
8.59
8.67
8.86
9.00
9.23
9.52
9.83
10.06
10.31
8.55
8.82
8.89
9.07
9.21
9.62
9.79
9.96
10.18
10.61
7.37
7.57
7.62
7.67
7.92
8.16
8.18
8.67
9.09
9.77
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.74
6.88
6.99
7.12
7.17
7.26
7.62
7.90
8.24
8.61
2000……………………………………
2001……………………………………
2002……………………………………
2003……………………………………
2004……………………………………
2005……………………………………
2006……………………………………
2007……………………………………
2008……………………………………
2009……………………………………
10.81
11.32
11.64
11.89
12.02
12.16
12.68
12.95
13.46
13.76
10.95
11.61
11.86
12.03
12.16
12.47
12.88
13.22
13.85
13.95
9.98
10.18
10.24
10.81
10.88
10.90
11.42
11.57
11.99
12.27
$10.79
11.84
11.02
11.89
11.90
12.75
13.18
13.22
14.03
14.01
9.04
9.67
9.92
10.03
10.02
10.19
10.84
11.07
11.83
11.92
2010……………………………………
2011……………………………………
2012……………………………………
13.76
13.80
13.88
13.97
14.02
14.17
12.16
12.06
12.20
14.11
14.25
14.15
11.73
11.81
11.96
5.03
5.37
5.73
5.81
6.04
6.07
6.19
6.37
6.51
6.66
Note: The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
other changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). Information about historical comparability is online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#comp. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race. As of 2003, estimates for the race groups listed (White, Black or African American, and
Asian) include persons who selected that race group only; persons who selected more than one race group
are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race were included in the group they
identified as the main race. Asian data for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders. As of 2003, Asians
constitute a separate category. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
88
BLS Reports │ October 2013 • www.bls.gov
HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
Technical Notes
The estimates in this report were obtained from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), which provides
a wide range of information on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment. The survey is
conducted monthly for the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using
a scientifically selected national sample of about
60,000 eligible households, with coverage in all 50
states and the District of Columbia. The earnings data
are collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly
sample and are limited to wage and salary workers.
(Self-employed workers, both incorporated and
unincorporated, are excluded from CPS earnings
estimates.) The data, therefore, exclude selfemployment income.
Material in this report is in the public domain and
may be used without permission. This information is
available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request.
Voice telephone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay
Service: 1 (800) 877-8339.
Concepts and definitions
The principal concepts and definitions used in
connection with the earnings data in this report are
described briefly below.
Usual weekly earnings. The data represent earnings before
taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay,
commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in
the case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents
were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since
January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the
easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly,
biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other)
and how much they usually earn in the reported time
period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly
are converted to a weekly equivalent. The definition of
the term “usual” is determined by each respondent’s own
understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a
definition of “usual,” interviewers are instructed to define
the term as more than half the weeks worked during the
past 4 or 5 months.
Medians (and other quantiles) of weekly earnings. Most
of the earnings estimates shown in this report are medians.
The median (or upper limit of the second quartile) is the
midpoint in a given earnings distribution, with half of
workers having earnings above the median and the other
half having earnings below the median. Ten percent of
a given distribution have earnings below the upper limit
of the first decile (90 percent have higher earnings), 25
percent have earnings below the upper limit of the first
quartile (75 percent have higher earnings), 75 percent
have earnings below the upper limit of the third quartile
(25 percent have higher earnings), and 90 percent have
earnings below the upper limit of the ninth decile (10
percent have higher earnings).
The BLS procedure for estimating the median of an
earnings distribution places each reported or calculated
weekly earnings value into a $50-wide interval that
is centered around a multiple of $50. The median
is calculated through the linear interpolation of the
interval in which the median lies.
Over-the-year changes in the medians (and other
quantile boundaries) for specific groups may not
necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated
for the overall quantile boundary. The most common
reasons for this possible anomaly are as follows:
• There could be a change in the relative weights of the
subgroups. For example, the median earnings of 16- to
24-year-olds and the median earnings of those 25 years
and older may rise, but if the lower earning 16-to-24 age
group accounts for a greatly increased share of the total,
the overall median could actually fall.
• There could be a large change in the shape of the
distribution of reported earnings, particularly near
a quantile boundary. This change could be caused
by survey observations that are clustered at rounded
values, such as $400 or $500. An estimate lying in a
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HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
$50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster
tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals.
Consider, for example, the calculation of the median for
a multipeaked distribution that shifts over time. As such
a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily
move at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes
relatively more time to move through a frequently
reported earnings interval, but once above the upper
limit of such an interval, it can move relatively quickly
to the next frequently reported interval. BLS procedures
for estimating medians (and other quantile boundaries)
mitigate such irregular movements; however, users
should be cautious of these effects when evaluating
short-term changes in the medians and in ratios of the
medians.
Constant dollars. The Consumer Price Index research
series using current methods (CPI-U-RS) is used to convert
current dollars to constant dollars. BLS has made numerous
improvements to the Consumer Price Index (CPI) over the
years. Although these improvements make the CPI more
accurate, the official histories of price index series are
not adjusted to reflect the improvements. Because many
researchers need a historical series that measures price
change consistently over time, BLS developed the CPIU-RS to provide an estimate of the CPI that incorporates
most of the methodological improvements made since 1978
into the entire series. For further information, see Kenneth
J. Stewart and Stephen B. Reed, “CPI research series
using current methods, 1978–98,” Monthly Labor Review,
June 1999, available at www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1999/06/
art4full.pdf; and “Questions and Answers: Consumer Price
Index Research Series Using Current Methods,” at www.
bls.gov/cpi/cpirsqa.pdf.
This report uses the most recent version of the CPI-URS available at the time of production. Users should
note, however, that the CPI-U-RS is subject to periodic
revision. As a result, the rate of inflation incorporated
into the constant-dollar earnings estimates in this report
may differ from that in previous reports in this series or
in other publications.
90
90
Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive
wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or
piece rates. The group includes employees in both the
private and public sectors but, for purposes of the earnings
series, it excludes all self-employed persons, both those
with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated
businesses.
Full-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates
of earnings, workers who usually work 35 hours or more
per week at their sole or principal job are defined as
working full time.
Part-time workers. For the purpose of producing estimates
of earnings, workers who usually work fewer than 35
hours per week at their sole or principal job are defined as
working part time.
Workers paid by the hour. Historically, workers paid an
hourly wage have made up approximately three-fifths of
all wage and salary workers. Workers paid by the hour are
included in the full- and part-time worker tables in this
report, along with salaried workers and other workers not
paid by the hour. Data for workers paid at hourly rates are
presented separately in tables 8–11, 15–16, 20–21, and
25–26.
Workers paid at or below the federal minimum wage.
The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported
earnings at or below the federal minimum wage in tables
10 and 11 pertain only to workers who are paid hourly
rates. Salaried workers and other workers who are not
paid by the hour are excluded, even though some have
earnings that, if converted to hourly rates, would be at or
below the minimum wage. Consequently, the estimates
presented in this report likely understate the actual number
of workers with hourly earnings at or below the minimum
wage. Research has shown, however, that the degree of
understatement is small. BLS does not routinely estimate
the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the hour
because of data quality concerns associated with such an
estimation process.
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HIGHLIGHTS OF WOMEN’S EARNINGS IN 2012
The prevailing federal minimum wage was $2.90, effective
January 1, 1979; $3.10, effective January 1, 1980; $3.35,
effective January 1, 1981; $3.80, effective April 1, 1990;
$4.25, effective April 1, 1991; $4.75, effective October 1,
1996; $5.15, effective September 1, 1997; $5.85, effective
July 24, 2007; $6.55, effective July 24, 2008; and $7.25,
effective July 24, 2009. Data for 1990–1991, 1996–1997,
and 2007–2009 reflect changes in the minimum wage that
took place during those years. It should be noted that a
number of states have established minimum-wage rates that
exceed the federal level.
The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the
minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of
the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), because there are a
number of exemptions to the minimum-wage provisions
of the law. In addition, some workers might have rounded
their hourly earnings in response to survey questions. As
a result, some might have reported hourly earnings below
the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the minimum
wage or higher.
Race. In the survey process, race is determined by the
household respondent. In accordance with the Office of
Management and Budget guidelines, White, Black or
African American, and Asian are terms used to describe
a person’s race. Beginning in 2003, people in these
categories are those who selected that race group only.
Those who identify multiple race groups are categorized as
persons of two or more races. Previously, people identified
a group as their main race. More information on the 2003
changes to questions on race is available at www.bls.gov/
cps/rvcps03.pdf. Data for American Indians and Alaska
Natives, Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders, and
persons of two or more races are not included in this report
because the number of survey respondents is too small to
develop estimates of sufficient quality.
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This refers to people who
identified themselves in the survey process as being
Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. People whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Reliability
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling
and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than
the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance
that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of
this difference that occurs because samples differ by
chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is
measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is
about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
Estimates of earnings and their standard errors can be
used to construct approximate confidence intervals, or
ranges of values, that include the true population value
with known probabilities.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error.
Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including
the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability
to obtain information on all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing
of the data.
Additional information about reliability of data from
the CPS and guidance on estimating standard errors
is available at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.
htm#reliability.
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