Women in the Labor Force:
A Databook
U.S. Department of Labor
Hilda L. Solis, Secretary
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Keith Hall, Commissioner
December 2010
Report 1026
27
Contents
Page
Women in the Labor Force: A Databook
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Highlights .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Statistical Tables
01. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2009 annual averages ......... 4
02. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex,
1970–2009 annual averages............................................................................................................................ 7
03. Employment status by race, age, sex, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual averages . ................... 10
04. Employment status by marital status and sex, 2009 annual averages ............................................................. 12
05. Employment status by sex, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
March 2009 .................................................................................................................................................... 13
06. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity, March 2009 .................................................................................................................... 15
07. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, March 1975–2009 . .......................... 18
8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 to 64 years of age by educational
attainment and sex, 2009 annual averages . ................................................................................................... 21
09. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by educational attainment and sex,
1970–2009 ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
10. Employed persons by major occupation and sex, 2008 and 2009 annual averages ......................................... 26
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages....................................................... 28
12. Employed women by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual averages .................. 39
13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2008 and 2009 annual averages......................................................... 40
14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages........................................................... 43
15. Employed women by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual averages........................ 50
16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 1979–2009 annual averages .............................................................. 51
17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years of age and over
by educational attainment and sex, 2009 annual averages ............................................................................ 53
18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages . ................................................................................................................................... 55
19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by industry and sex,
2009 annual averages . ................................................................................................................................... 68
20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2009 annual averages.................................... 69
21. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in nonagricultural industries by sex,
1976–2009 annual averages . ......................................................................................................................... 73
22. Work experience of the population by sex and full- and part-time status, selected years, 1970–2008 . .......... 74
23. Married-couple families by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2008 ................................................. 75
24. Contribution of wives’ earnings to family income, 1970–2008 ....................................................................... 77
25. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2008 ................................................................................... 78
26. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum
wage by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages . .............................................................................. 79
27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more by age, sex, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2008 . ............................................................................................................... 81
28. Displaced workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in
January 2010 .................................................................................................................................................. 83
29. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by age and sex,
selected years, 1996–2010 ............................................................................................................................. 84
ii
Contents—Continued
Page
Statistical Tables—Continued
30. Labor force status of 2009 high school graduates and 2008–09 high school dropouts 16 to 24
years old by school enrollment and sex, October 2009 ......................................................................................85
31. Labor force status of people 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and educational attainment,
October 2009 ......................................................................................................................................................86
32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates by sex and race, 1994–2009 annual averages.......................87
33. Unincorporated self-employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, 1976–2009 annual averages........88
34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by native- and foreign-born status, age,
and sex, 2009 annual averages ...........................................................................................................................89
35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by sex, annual averages, 1983–2009 ..........................91
36. Employment status of veterans 18 years of age and over by sex and period of service, 2009
annual averages . .................................................................................................................................................93
37. Employment status of persons with disabilities by sex and age, 2009 annual averages .....................................95
Technical Note .................................................................................................................................................................96
iii
Women in the Labor Force:
A Databook
T
8.1 percent, but rates varied by race and Hispanic ethnicity. Asian women had the lowest rate (6.6 percent),
followed by White (7.3 percent), Hispanic (11.5 percent),
and Black (12.4 percent) women. (See tables 1, 2, and 3.)
Introduction
he past several decades have been marked by notable
changes in women’s labor force activities. Women’s
labor force participation is significantly higher today
than it was in the 1970s, particularly among women with
children, and a larger share of women work full time and
year round than in past decades. In addition, women have
increasingly attained higher levels of education: among
women age 25 to 64 who are in the labor force, the proportion with a college degree roughly tripled from 1970 to
2009. Women’s earnings as a proportion of men’s earnings
also have grown over time. In 1979, women working full
time earned 62 percent of what men did; in 2009, women’s
earnings were 80 percent of men’s. The women’s-to-men’s
earnings ratio peaked at 81 percent in 2005–06, edging down
to 80 percent in 2007, where it has remained through 2009.
Three additional data tables are being introduced to the 2010
edition of Women in the Labor Force: A Databook; the new
tables provide information on women by employee tenure
(table 29), employment status of veterans (table 36), and
persons with a disability (table 37).
This report presents historical and current labor force
and earnings data for women and men from the Current
Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a national monthly
survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted by the
U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Unless otherwise noted, data are annual averages from the
CPS. Users should note that the comparisons of earnings in
this report are on a broad level and do not control for many
factors that may be significant in explaining earnings differences. For a detailed description of the source of the data
and an explanation of concepts and definitions used, see the
Technical Note at the end of this report.
• From March 1975 to March 2000, the labor force participation rate of mothers with children under 18 years of age
rose from 47.4 percent to a peak of 72.9 percent. (These
data were collected each March by the CPS.) By 2005,
the participation rate for mothers had receded to 70.5
percent. From 2005 to 2009, the labor force participation
rate edged back up, to 71.6 percent. (See tables 6 and 7.)
• In general, mothers with older children (6 to 17 years of
age, none younger) are more likely to participate in the
labor force than mothers with younger children (under 6
years of age), and unmarried mothers have higher participation rates than married mothers. In March 2009, 75.8
percent of unmarried mothers were in the labor force,
compared with 69.8 percent of married mothers. (See
tables 6 and 7.)
• The educational attainment of women in the labor force
age 25 to 64 rose substantially from 1970 to 2009. Thirtysix percent of these women held college degrees in 2009,
compared with 11 percent in 1970. Only 7 percent of
women were high school dropouts in 2009, down from
34 percent in 1970. (See table 9.)
• In 2009, women accounted for 51 percent of all people
employed in management, professional, and related
occupations, somewhat more than their share of total
employment (47 percent). The share of women in specific
occupations within this broad category varied. For example, 6 percent of construction managers and 32 percent
of lawyers were women, while 62 percent of accountants
and 82 percent of elementary and middle school teachers
were women. (See table 11.)
Highlights
• In 2009, 59.2 percent of women were in the labor force,
and this share has been relatively stable over the past
several years. Women’s labor force participation rate
peaked at 60 percent in 1999, following several decades
of growth in women’s labor market participation. (See
tables 1 and 2.)
• Employed Asian women were more likely to work in the
higher paying management, professional, and related occupations in 2009 than were employed White, Black, or
Hispanic women. Forty-seven percent of Asian women
worked in managerial and professional jobs compared
with 41 percent of White women, 34 percent of Black
women, and 25 percent of Hispanic women. Meanwhile,
• In 2009, the overall unemployment rate for women was
1
Hispanic (32 percent) and Black (29 percent) women
were more likely than White and Asian women to work
in service occupations (20 and 21 percent, respectively).
(See table 12.)
Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect
earnings and work experience of the prior calendar year.)
• In 2008, working wives contributed 36 percent of their
families’ incomes, up by 9 percentage points from 1970,
when wives’ earnings accounted for 27 percent of their
families’ total income. The proportion of wives earning
more than their husbands also has grown. In 1987, 18
percent of working wives whose husbands also worked
earned more than their spouses; in 2008, the proportion
was 27 percent. (See tables 24 and 25.) (These data were
collected in the 1971, 1988, and 2009 Annual Social and
Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings
and work experience of the prior calendar year.)
• In 2009, women accounted for more than half of all workers within several industry sectors: financial activities,
education and health services, leisure and hospitality,
and other services. However, women were substantially
underrepresented (relative to their share of total employment) in agriculture, mining, construction, manufacturing,
and transportation and utilities. (See table 14.)
• Women who worked full time in wage and salary jobs had
median weekly earnings of $657 in 2009. This represented
80 percent of men’s median weekly earnings ($819).
Earnings of Asian ($779) and White ($669) women were
substantially higher than the earnings of their Black
($582) and Hispanic ($509) counterparts. Women’s-tomen’s earnings ratios were higher among Blacks (94
percent) and Hispanics (90 percent) than among Whites
(79 percent) and Asians (82 percent). (See table 16.)
• In 2009, approximately 2.2 million women who were paid
at an hourly rate had earnings at or below the prevailing
Federal minimum wage. This represented 6 percent of all
women paid at an hourly rate. Among women 25 years
and older who were paid hourly rates, 4 percent had earnings at or below the minimum wage, compared with 15
percent of women age 16 to 24. (On July 24, 2009, the
Federal minimum wage level rose from $6.55 to $7.25
an hour. Data in this report reflect the average number of
workers who earned $6.55 or less per hour from January
2009 through July 2009 and those who earned $7.25 or
less from August 2009 through the end of the year.) (See
table 26.)
• In 2009, female full-time wage and salary workers age
25 and older who only had a high school diploma had
median usual weekly earnings of $542. This represented
80 percent of the earnings for women with an associate’s
degree ($674), and 56 percent of the earnings for women
with a bachelor’s degree or higher ($970). (See table 17.)
• Among workers who were in the labor force for at least
27 weeks in 2008, nearly the same number of women and
men lived in poverty (4.5 and 4.4 million, respectively).
The working-poor rate, however, continued to be higher
for women than for men—6.5 percent compared with
5.6 percent. Black and Hispanic women who were in
the labor force for 27 weeks or more were significantly
more likely than their White or Asian counterparts to be
among the working poor. The poverty rates for Black and
Hispanic working women were 12.7 percent and 12.1
percent, respectively, compared with 5.5 percent and 4.9
percent, respectively, for White and Asian women. (See
table 27.) (Data are from the 2009 Annual Social and
Economic Supplement to the CPS and reflect earnings
and work experience of the prior calendar year.)
• In 2009, 27 percent of employed women usually worked
part time—fewer than 35 hours per week. In comparison,
11 percent of employed men usually worked part time.
(See table 20.)
• Women in nonagricultural industries worked an average
of 35.3 hours per week in 2009. The average workweek
for men in nonagricultural industries was 40.1 hours. (See
table 21.)
• Of all women who worked at some point during calendar
year 2008, 59 percent worked full time and year round,
compared with 41 percent who did the same in 1970. During the same period, the proportion of men who worked
full time and year round grew from 66 to 71 percent. (See
table 22.) (These data were collected in the 1971 and 2009
Annual Social and Economic Supplements to the CPS and
refer to work experience during the prior calendar year.)
• From January 2007 through December 2009, 6.9 million
workers were displaced from jobs they had held for at
least 3 years; men accounted for about 60 percent of those
displaced. Women were as likely as men to have found
a new job at the time of the survey in January 2010: the
reemployment rate for both men and women was 49 percent. However, women were less likely to be unemployed
than men, 31 and 39 percent, respectively. Women were
almost twice as likely as men to have left the labor force,
20 versus 12 percent. (See table 28.) (Data are from the
January 2010 Displaced Worker Supplement to the CPS.)
• Both the wife and husband had earnings from work in 57
percent of married-couple families in 2008, an increase of
13 percentage points from 1967 (the first year data were
available). Couples in which only the husband worked
represented 18 percent of married-couple families in
2008, compared with 36 percent in 1967. (See table 23.)
(These data were collected in the 1968 and 2009 Annual
2
• In January 2010, the median number of years that female
wage and salary workers had been with their employer
was 4.2 years, compared with 4.6 years for their male
counterparts. Among both women and men, tenure at a
job was greater for workers age 45 and older. (See table
29.) (Data are from the January 2010 Displaced Worker
Supplement to the CPS.)
remain below the rates recorded in the mid-1990s. (See
table 32.)
• The percentage of working women who were selfemployed in nonagricultural industries was 5.3 percent
in 2009, compared with 7.7 percent for men. In 2009,
39 percent of all self-employed workers were women,
compared with 27 percent in 1976. (See table 33.)
• Among 2009 high school graduates, young women (74
percent) were more likely than young men (66 percent)
to be enrolled in college in October 2009. (See table 30.)
(Data are from the October 2009 School Enrollment
Supplement to the CPS.)
• In 2009, foreign-born women were less likely than
native-born women to be in the labor force (55.4 percent
compared with 59.8 percent). Of those in the labor force,
native-born women were less likely to be unemployed
than their foreign-born counterparts (7.9 percent versus
9.2 percent). Among men, the opposite was true. Foreignborn men were more likely than native-born men to be in
the labor force (80.5 percent compared with 70.4 percent)
and somewhat less likely to be unemployed (10 percent
and 10.3 percent, respectively). (See table 34.)
• In October 2009, 41.6 percent of women age 16 to 24 who
were enrolled in either high school or college were in the
labor force. Young men of the same age group who were
enrolled in school had a lower labor force participation
rate (35.2 percent). Among those not enrolled in school,
women were less likely to be in the labor force than men
(72.3 percent compared with 83.8 percent). (See table
31.) (Data are from the October 2009 School Enrollment
Supplement to the CPS.)
• Thirteen percent of female wage and salary workers were
represented by unions in 2009, about the same as the
percentage for men (14 percent). Union representation
for both sexes had been on a long term downward trend,
reaching a low of 13.1 percent in 2006. In 2009, 13.6
percent of all workers were represented by unions. (See
table 35.)
• Among 16- to 24-year-old women who were not enrolled
in school, those who did not have a high school diploma
were significantly less likely to participate in the labor
force than those who had a high school diploma but no
additional education (49.6 percent compared with 68.7
percent). Of those in the labor force, high school dropouts
were more likely to be unemployed than high school
graduates (31.0 percent compared with 22.2 percent).
(See table 31.) (Data are from the October 2009 School
Enrollment Supplement to the CPS.)
• In 2009, there were 12.1 million veterans of the U.S.
Armed Forces in the labor force. Nine percent of these
veterans were women. Among female veterans in the
labor force, a little more than half (54 percent) served in
the Gulf War-era I and II service periods (August 1990
to present). (See table 36.)
• In 2009, 5.6 percent of employed women held more than
one job; this proportion has remained unchanged since
2002. The 2009 multiple jobholding rate for men was
lower, at 4.8 percent. Multiple jobholding rates for both
women and men have been stable in recent years and
• Of the 14.8 million women with disabilities in 2009, 2.8
million, or 19.1 percent, were in the labor force. Almost
half of women with disabilities were age 65 and older; 4.9
percent of them were in the labor force, compared with
32.5 percent among those ages 16 to 64. (See table 37.)
3
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2009
annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Not in
labor
force
Total
Percent of
labor force
9.3
81,659
Total, both sexes
16 years and over ……...
235,801
16 to 19 years …….…… 17,043
154,142
65.4
139,877
59.3
14,265
6,390
37.5
4,837
28.4
1,552
24.3
10,654
16 to 17 years………
8,944
2,227
24.9
1,651
18.5
576
25.9
6,717
18 to 19 years………
8,100
4,163
51.4
3,187
39.3
976
23.4
3,937
20 to 24 years………....
20,524
14,971
72.9
12,764
62.2
2,207
14.7
5,553
25 to 54 years……….… 125,565
103,742
82.6
95,144
75.8
8,597
8.3
21,823
25 to 34 years………
40,280
33,298
82.7
30,014
74.5
3,284
9.9
6,982
25 to 29 years……
20,872
17,138
82.1
15,315
73.4
1,822
10.6
3,735
30 to 34 years……
19,408
16,160
83.3
14,699
75.7
1,461
9.0
3,248
35 to 44 years………
40,919
34,239
83.7
31,517
77.0
2,722
7.9
6,681
35 to 39 years……
20,174
16,868
83.6
15,486
76.8
1,382
8.2
3,306
40 to 44 years……
20,746
17,370
83.7
16,031
77.3
1,340
7.7
3,375
45 to 54 years
years………
44,365
44 365
36,205
36 205
81.6
81 6
33,613
33 613
75.8
75 8
2,592
2 592
7.2
72
8,160
8 160
45 to 49 years…….
22,683
18,803
82.9
17,455
77.0
1,347
7.2
3,880
50 to 54 years……
21,682
17,402
80.3
16,158
74.5
1,245
7.2
4,280
55 to 64 years…………
34,671
22,505
64.9
21,019
60.6
1,487
6.6
12,165
55 to 59 years………
18,882
13,799
73.1
12,887
68.3
913
6.6
5,082
60 to 64 years………
15,789
8,706
55.1
8,132
51.5
574
6.6
7,083
65 years and over…….
37,998
6,534
17.2
6,114
16.1
421
6.4
31,464
65 to 69 years………
11,657
3,629
31.1
3,380
29.0
249
6.8
8,028
70 to 74 years………
8,875
1,635
18.4
1,535
17.3
100
6.1
7,240
75 years and over…… 17,466
1,271
7.3
1,199
6.9
72
5.7
16,195
4
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2009
annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor
force
Women
16 years and over ……...
121,665
72,019
59.2
66,208
54.4
5,811
8.1
49,646
16 to 19 years …….……
8,401
3,163
37.7
2,509
29.9
654
20.7
5,237
16 to 17 years………
4,396
1,124
25.6
865
19.7
259
23.1
3,272
18 to 19 years………
4,004
2,039
50.9
1,644
41.1
395
19.4
1,965
20 to 24 years………....
10,240
7,132
69.6
6,254
61.1
878
12.3
3,109
25 to 54 years……….…
63,468
48,012
75.6
44,560
70.2
3,451
7.2
15,456
25 to 34 years………
20,113
15,087
75.0
13,791
68.6
1,296
8.6
5,026
25 to 29 years……
10,381
7,810
75.2
7,097
68.4
713
9.1
2,571
30 to 34 years……
9,733
7,277
74.8
6,694
68.8
583
8.0
2,455
35 to 44 years………
20,721
15,720
75.9
14,599
70.5
1,121
7.1
5,000
35 to 39 years……
10,210
7,653
75.0
7,072
69.3
581
7.6
2,558
40 to 44 years……
10,510
8,067
76.8
7,527
71.6
541
6.7
2,443
45 to 54 years………
22,633
17,204
76.0
16,170
71.4
1,034
6.0
5,429
45 to 49 years…….
11,547
8,923
77.3
8,384
72.6
539
6.0
2,623
50 to 54 years……
11,087
8,281
74.7
7,786
70.2
495
6.0
2,806
55 to 64 years…………
17,973
10,776
60.0
10,128
56.4
647
6.0
7,197
55 to 59 years………
9,756
6,678
68.4
6,279
64.4
399
6.0
3,078
60 to 64 years………
8,217
4,098
49.9
3,849
46.8
249
6.1
4,119
65 years and over…….
21,584
2,937
13.6
2,757
12.8
180
6.1
18,647
65 to 69 years………
6,209
1,654
26.6
1,552
25.0
102
6.2
4,555
70 to 74 years………
4,853
728
15.0
685
14.1
43
5.8
4,125
75 years and over…… 10,522
555
5.3
520
4.9
35
6.4
9,967
5
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2009
annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor
force
Men
16 years and over ……...
114,136
82,123
72.0
73,670
64.5
8,453
10.3
32,013
16 to 19 years …….……
8,643
3,226
37.3
2,328
26.9
898
27.8
5,416
16 to 17 years………
4,548
1,103
24.3
786
17.3
317
28.7
3,445
18 to 19 years………
4,095
2,123
51.9
1,543
37.7
581
27.4
1,972
20 to 24 years………....
10,284
7,839
76.2
6,510
63.3
1,329
17.0
2,445
25 to 54 years……….…
62,097
55,730
89.7
50,584
81.5
5,146
9.2
6,367
25 to 34 years………
20,167
18,211
90.3
16,223
80.4
1,988
10.9
1,956
25 to 29 years……
10,492
9,328
88.9
8,218
78.3
1,110
11.9
1,164
30 to 34 years……
9,675
8,883
91.8
8,005
82.7
878
9.9
792
35 to 44 years………
20,199
18,518
91.7
16,918
83.8
1,600
8.6
1,680
35 to 39 years……
9,963
9,215
92.5
8,414
84.4
802
8.7
748
40 to 44 years……
10,235
9,303
90.9
8,504
83.1
799
8.6
932
45 to 54 years………
21,731
19,001
87.4
17,443
80.3
1,558
8.2
2,731
45 to 49 years…….
11,136
9,879
88.7
9,071
81.5
808
8.2
1,257
50 to 54 years……
10,596
9,121
86.1
8,371
79.0
750
8.2
1,474
55 to 64 years…………
16,698
11,730
70.2
10,890
65.2
840
7.2
4,968
55 to 59 years………
9,125
7,121
78.0
6,608
72.4
514
7.2
2,004
60 to 64 years………
7,572
4,608
60.9
4,283
56.6
326
7.1
2,964
65 years and over…….
16,414
3,598
21.9
3,357
20.5
241
6.7
12,816
65 to 69 years………
5,448
1,975
36.3
1,829
33.6
147
7.4
3,473
70 to 74 years………
4,022
907
22.5
849
21.1
57
6.3
3,115
75 years and over……
6,944
716
10.3
679
9.8
37
5.1
6,228
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
6
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex,
1970–2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in labor
force
Total, both sexes
1970…….……
1971…….……
1972 1………
1973 1………
1974…….……
1975…….……
1976…….……
1977…….……
1978 1….......
1979…………
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.5
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980…………
1981…...……
1982…...……
1983…...……
1984…...……
1985…...……
1986 1….......
1987…………
1988…...……
1989…………
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
1990 1….......
1991…...……
1992…...……
1993…...……
1994 1….......
1995…...……
1996…...……
1997 1….......
1998 1….......
1999 1….......
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385
2000 1….......
2001 …………
2002 …………
2003 1….......
2004 …........
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008 1….......
2009…………
212,577
215,092
217,570
221,168
223,357
226,082
228,815
231,867
233,788
235,801
142,583
143,734
144,863
146,510
147,401
149,320
151,428
153,124
154,287
154,142
67.1
66.8
66.6
66.2
66.0
66.0
66.2
66.0
66.0
65.4
136,891
136,933
136,485
137,736
139,252
141,730
144,427
146,047
145,362
139,877
64.4
63.7
62.7
62.3
62.3
62.7
63.1
63.0
62.2
59.3
5,692
6,801
8,378
8,774
8,149
7,591
7,001
7,078
8,924
14,265
4.0
4.7
5.8
6.0
5.5
5.1
4.6
4.6
5.8
9.3
69,994
71,359
72,707
74,658
75,956
76,762
77,387
78,743
79,501
81,659
See footnote at end of table.
7
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex,
1970–2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in labor
force
Women
1970…….……
1971…….……
1972 1………
1973 1………
1974…….……
1975…….……
1976…….……
1977…….……
1978 1….......
1979…………
72,782
74,274
76,290
77,804
79,312
80,860
82,390
83,840
85,334
86,843
31,543
32,202
33,479
34,804
36,211
37,475
38,983
40,613
42,631
44,235
43.3
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
50.9
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
40.8
40.4
41.0
42.0
42.6
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.4
47.5
1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608
1980…………
1981…...……
1982…...……
1983…...……
1984…...……
1985…...……
1986 1….......
1987…………
1988…...……
1989…………
88,348
89,618
90,748
91,684
92,778
93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
45,487
46,696
47,755
48,503
49,709
51,050
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
53.6
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
47.7
48.0
47.7
48.0
49.5
50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
1990 1….......
1991…...……
1992…...……
1993…...……
1994 1….......
1995…...……
1996…...……
1997 1….......
1998 1….......
1999 1….......
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
2,944
2,814
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
42,748
43,175
2000 1….......
2001 …………
2002 …………
2003 1….......
2004 …........
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008 1….......
2009…………
110,613
111,811
112,985
114,733
115,647
116,931
118,210
119,694
120,675
121,665
66,303
66,848
67,363
68,272
68,421
69,288
70,173
70,988
71,767
72,019
59.9
59.8
59.6
59.5
59.2
59.3
59.4
59.3
59.5
59.2
63,586
63,737
63,582
64,404
64,728
65,757
66,925
67,792
67,876
66,208
57.5
57.0
56.3
56.1
56.0
56.2
56.6
56.6
56.2
54.4
2,717
3,111
3,781
3,868
3,694
3,531
3,247
3,196
3,891
5,811
4.1
4.7
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.1
4.6
4.5
5.4
8.1
44,310
44,962
45,621
46,461
47,225
47,643
48,037
48,707
48,908
49,646
See footnote at end of table.
8
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex,
1970–2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in labor
force
Men
1970…….……
1971…….……
1972 1………
1973 1………
1974…….……
1975…….……
1976…….……
1977…….……
1978 1….......
1979…………
64,304
65,942
67,835
69,292
70,808
72,291
73,759
75,193
76,576
78,020
51,228
52,180
53,555
54,624
55,739
56,299
57,174
58,396
59,620
60,726
79.7
79.1
78.9
78.8
78.7
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.8
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
76.2
74.9
75.0
75.5
74.9
71.7
72.0
72.8
73.8
73.8
2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293
1980…………
1981…...……
1982…...……
1983…...……
1984…...……
1985…...……
1986 1….......
1987…………
1988…...……
1989…………
79,398
80,511
81,523
82,531
83,605
84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857
88,762
61,453
61,974
62,450
63,047
63,835
64,411
65,422
66,207
66,927
67,840
77.4
77.0
76.6
76.4
76.4
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
72.0
71.3
69.0
68.8
70.7
70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3,525
6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
5.2
17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20,923
1990 1….......
1991…...……
1992…...……
1993…...……
1994 1….......
1995…...……
1996…...……
1997 1….......
1998 1….......
1999 1….......
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
98,758
99,722
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
73,959
74,512
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71,446
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
3,266
3,066
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24,799
25,210
2000 1….......
2001 …………
2002 …………
2003 1….......
2004 …........
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008 1….......
2009…………
101,964
103,282
104,585
106,435
107,710
109,151
110,605
112,173
113,113
114,136
76,280
76,886
77,500
78,238
78,980
80,033
81,255
82,136
82,520
82,123
74.8
74.4
74.1
73.5
73.3
73.3
73.5
73.2
73.0
72.0
73,305
73,196
72,903
73,332
74,524
75,973
77,502
78,254
77,486
73,670
71.9
70.9
69.7
68.9
69.2
69.6
70.1
69.8
68.5
64.5
2,975
3,690
4,597
4,906
4,456
4,059
3,753
3,882
5,033
8,453
3.9
4.8
5.9
6.3
5.6
5.1
4.6
4.7
6.1
10.3
25,684
26,396
27,085
28,197
28,730
29,119
29,350
30,036
30,593
32,013
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual
changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability section of the
Household Data technical documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
9
Table 3. Employment status by race, age, sex, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Race, age, sex, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Unemployed
Not in
labor
force
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
125,644
5,295
11,995
83,444
19,199
5,711
65.8
40.6
75.1
83.4
66.2
17.4
114,996
4,138
10,438
77,085
17,978
5,357
60.2
31.7
65.4
77.1
61.9
16.3
10,648
1,157
1,556
6,359
1,221
355
8.5
21.8
13.0
7.6
6.4
6.2
65,258
7,740
3,969
16,571
9,823
27,156
Total
Total
Percent of
labor force
White
Total, 16 years and over……… 190,902
16 to 19 years………………
13,035
20 to 24 years……………..… 15,963
25 to 54 years……………… 100,014
55 to 64 years………………
29,022
32,867
65 years and over…………..
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………….....…
20 to 24 years…………….…
25 to 54 years……………..…
55 to 64 years……………....
65 years and over…………..
97,469
6,391
7,887
49,787
14,868
18,535
57,593
2,616
5,647
37,765
9,039
2,525
59.1
40.9
71.6
75.9
60.8
13.6
53,366
2,134
5,060
35,287
8,513
2,373
54.8
33.4
64.2
70.9
57.3
12.8
4,227
482
587
2,479
526
153
7.3
18.4
10.4
6.6
5.8
6.0
39,876
3,775
2,240
12,022
5,829
16,010
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years…………….…
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years……………..…
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
93,433
6,644
8,076
50,227
14,154
14,332
68,051
2,679
6,348
45,678
10,160
3,186
72.8
40.3
78.6
90.9
71.8
22.2
61,630
2,004
5,379
41,798
9,465
2,984
66.0
30.2
66.6
83.2
66.9
20.8
6,421
675
969
3,880
695
202
9.4
25.2
15.3
8.5
6.8
6.3
25,382
3,965
1,729
4,548
3,994
11,145
Total, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
28,241
2,684
2,973
15,749
3,596
3,239
17,632
729
1,961
12,451
1,995
495
62.4
27.2
66.0
79.1
55.5
15.3
15,025
442
1,474
10,830
1,827
453
53.2
16.5
49.6
68.8
50.8
14.0
2,606
288
488
1,621
168
42
14.8
39.5
24.9
13.0
8.4
8.5
10,609
1,954
1,012
3,298
1,601
2,744
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
15,536
1,357
1,563
8,632
2,004
1,979
9,367
379
1,008
6,626
1,091
264
60.3
27.9
64.5
76.8
54.4
13.3
8,208
252
784
5,911
1,014
246
52.8
18.6
50.2
68.5
50.6
12.5
1,159
127
223
715
77
17
12.4
33.4
22.2
10.8
7.1
6.6
6,169
978
555
2,007
913
1,715
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
12,705
1,326
1,410
7,116
1,592
1,260
8,265
350
954
5,825
904
231
65.0
26.4
67.6
81.9
56.8
18.3
6,817
189
689
4,919
813
206
53.7
14.3
48.9
69.1
51.1
16.4
1,448
161
264
907
91
24
17.5
46.0
27.7
15.6
10.1
10.6
4,441
976
457
1,291
688
1,029
Black or
African
Af
i
American
A
i
10
Table 3. Employment status by race, age, sex, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual
averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Race, age, sex, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor
force
Asian
Total, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
10,842
632
855
6,589
1,417
1,348
7,156
131
485
5,364
946
230
66.0
20.8
56.7
81.4
66.7
17.0
6,635
97
428
5,011
882
217
61.2
15.3
50.0
76.0
62.3
16.1
522
35
57
354
63
13
7.3
26.4
11.8
6.6
6.7
5.5
3,685
501
370
1,225
471
1,118
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years……………...…
65 years and over……………
5,671
299
437
3,408
763
764
3,300
52
233
2,456
460
99
58.2
17.4
53.4
72.1
60.2
12.9
3,084
39
207
2,311
432
96
54.4
12.9
47.4
67.8
56.6
12.5
216
13
26
145
28
3
6.6
25.8
11.3
5.9
6.1
3.3
2,371
247
203
952
304
665
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years……………...…
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
5,170
333
419
3,181
654
583
3,857
79
252
2,908
486
131
74.6
23.8
60.2
91.4
74.3
22.4
3,551
58
221
2,700
451
121
68.7
17.4
52.8
84.9
68.9
20.8
306
21
31
209
35
9
7.9
26.8
12.3
7.2
7.3
7.1
1,314
254
167
273
168
453
Total, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
32,891
3,123
3,623
20,369
3,017
2,759
22,352
1,063
2,647
16,303
1,866
472
68.0
34.0
73.1
80.0
61.9
17.1
19,647
742
2,218
14,572
1,680
435
59.7
23.7
61.2
71.5
55.7
15.7
2,706
321
429
1,731
186
38
12.1
30.2
16.2
10.6
10.0
8.0
10,539
2,061
975
4,065
1,150
2,287
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
15,993
1,531
1,748
9,581
1,558
1,576
9,043
483
1,105
6,435
820
200
56.5
31.6
63.2
67.2
52.6
12.7
8,007
358
931
5,784
751
183
50.1
23.4
53.3
60.4
48.2
11.6
1,036
125
174
651
70
17
11.5
25.8
15.7
10.1
8.5
8.3
6,951
1,048
643
3,146
738
1,376
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
16,897
1,593
1,875
10,787
1,459
1,184
13,310
580
1,542
9,868
1,046
273
78.8
36.4
82.3
91.5
71.7
23.0
11,640
383
1,287
8,788
930
251
68.9
24.1
68.7
81.5
63.7
21.2
1,670
196
255
1,080
117
21
12.5
33.8
16.6
10.9
11.2
7.8
3,588
1,013
332
919
413
911
Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
11
Table 4. Employment status by marital status and sex, 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Marital status and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Total
Total, 16 years of age and over…
Married, spouse present………..
Unmarried, total……………..……
Never married……………….….
Other marital status…………….
Divorced……………………..…
Separated………………….….
Widowed……………….……..
235,801
122,447
113,353
67,588
45,766
23,248
8,342
14,176
154,142
84,378
69,764
44,864
24,900
16,242
5,767
2,891
65.4
68.9
61.5
66.4
54.4
69.9
69.1
20.4
139,877
79,205
60,672
38,428
22,244
14,555
5,043
2,646
59.3
64.7
53.5
56.9
48.6
62.6
60.4
18.7
14,265
5,173
9,092
6,436
2,656
1,687
725
245
9.3
6.1
13.0
14.3
10.7
10.4
12.6
8.5
81,659
38,070
43,589
22,724
20,865
7,006
2,575
11,285
121,665
60,675
60,990
31,500
29,490
13,534
4,676
11,280
72,019
37,264
34,755
20,224
14,531
9,310
3,036
2,185
59.2
61.4
57.0
64.2
49.3
68.8
64.9
19.4
66,208
35,207
31,001
17,800
13,201
8,507
2,679
2,015
54.4
58.0
50.8
56.5
44.8
62.9
57.3
17.9
5,811
2,057
3,754
2,424
1,330
804
357
169
8.1
5.5
10.8
12.0
9.2
8.6
11.8
7.7
49,646
23,411
26,235
11,276
14,959
4,223
1,640
9,096
114,136
61,773
52,363
36,087
16,275
9,714
3,666
2,896
82,123
47,114
35,009
24,640
10,370
6,931
2,731
707
72.0
76.3
66.9
68.3
63.7
71.4
74.5
24.4
73,670
43,998
29,671
20,628
9,043
6,048
2,364
631
64.5
71.2
56.7
57.2
55.6
62.3
64.5
21.8
8,453
3,115
5,338
4,011
1,326
883
368
76
10.3
6.6
15.2
16.3
12.8
12.7
13.5
10.7
32,013
14,659
17,354
11,448
5,906
2,783
934
2,189
Women
Total, 16 years of age and over…
Married, spouse present………..
Unmarried, total……….…………
Never married…………...…….
Other marital status…………...
Divorced…………………….…
Separated……………………..
Widowed………………….…..
Men
Total, 16 years of age and over…
Married, spouse present………..
Unmarried, total……………….…
Never married………………....
Other marital status……….…..
Divorced………………………
Separated……………….…….
Widowed…………………..…..
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
12
Table 5. Employment status by sex, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
March 2009
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristics
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Total
Women, 16 years and over…………….. 121,328
With children under 18 years old………
36,507
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
19,990
With children under 6 years old………
16,517
With children under 3 years old……
9,757
With no children under 18 years old…… 84,820
71,771
59.2
66,422
5,348
7.5
49,557
24,079
14,562
9,517
5,401
42,343
54.7
66.0
72.8
57.6
55.4
49.9
26,122
15,625
10,497
5,960
45,649
71.6
78.2
63.6
61.1
53.8
2,043
1,063
980
559
3,306
7.8
6.8
9.3
9.4
7.2
10,385
4,366
6,020
3,798
39,171
Men, 16 years and over………………… 113,758
With children under 18 years old………
27,791
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
15,314
With children under 6 years old………
12,477
With children under 3 years old……
7,509
With no children under 18 years old…… 85,967
81,357
26,017
14,161
11,857
7,156
55,340
71.5
93.6
92.5
95.0
95.3
64.4
72,536
24,051
13,192
10,859
6,544
48,485
63.8
86.5
86.1
87.0
87.2
56.4
8,821
1,966
969
997
612
6,855
10.8
7.6
6.8
8.4
8.6
12.4
32,401
1,773
1,153
620
352
30,627
White
Women, 16 years and over………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old…….…
With children under 3 years old
old……
With no children under 18 years old……
97,257
28,463
15,654
12,809
7 589
7,589
68,794
57,351
20,239
12,212
8,027
4 596
4,596
37,111
59.0
71.1
78.0
62.7
60 6
60.6
53.9
53,409
18,830
11,455
7,375
4 242
4,242
34,579
54.9
66.2
73.2
57.6
55 9
55.9
50.3
3,941
1,409
757
652
354
2,532
6.9
7.0
6.2
8.1
77
7.7
6.8
39,906
8,224
3,442
4,782
2 993
2,993
31,683
Men, 16 years and over…………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
93,246
23,110
12,728
10,383
6,247
70,136
67,502
21,798
11,903
9,895
5,974
45,704
72.4
94.3
93.5
95.3
95.6
65.2
60,685
20,280
11,142
9,139
5,517
40,405
65.1
87.8
87.5
88.0
88.3
57.6
6,817
1,518
761
757
458
5,299
10.1
7.0
6.4
7.6
7.7
11.6
25,745
1,313
825
488
273
24,432
Women, 16 years and over……………..
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
15,474
5,159
2,857
2,302
1,322
10,314
9,388
3,904
2,294
1,610
872
5,484
60.7
75.7
80.3
70.0
66.0
53.2
8,372
3,427
2,067
1,360
705
4,945
54.1
66.4
72.3
59.1
53.3
47.9
1,016
476
227
250
167
539
10.8
12.2
9.9
15.5
19.2
9.8
6,086
1,255
564
692
450
4,830
Men, 16 years and over………………….
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
12,644
2,427
1,407
1,020
582
10,217
8,124
2,127
1,201
926
529
5,997
64.3
87.7
85.4
90.8
90.9
58.7
6,676
1,857
1,077
779
428
4,819
52.8
76.5
76.6
76.4
73.5
47.2
1,449
271
123
147
101
1,178
17.8
12.7
10.3
15.9
19.2
19.6
4,519
299
206
94
53
4,220
Black or African American
See note at end of table.
13
Table 5. Employment status by sex, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
March 2009—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristics
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Asian
Women, 16 years and over………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
5,613
1,877
981
896
532
3,735
3,269
1,300
745
555
323
1,969
58.2
69.2
75.9
61.9
60.7
52.7
3,085
1,229
706
523
305
1,856
55.0
65.5
72.0
58.3
57.5
49.7
184
71
39
32
17
113
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.7
5.3
5.7
2,343
578
236
342
209
1,766
Men, 16 years and over…………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
4,976
1,546
803
743
473
3,430
3,734
1,467
744
723
457
2,267
75.0
94.9
92.6
97.3
96.7
66.1
3,463
1,358
691
667
424
2,105
69.6
87.9
86.0
89.9
89.7
61.4
271
108
53
56
33
162
7.2
7.4
7.1
7.7
7.2
7.2
1,242
80
60
20
16
1,163
Women, 16 years and over………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
15,849
6,931
3,435
3,497
2,001
8,917
9,023
4,322
2,442
1,879
1,011
4,701
56.9
62.3
71.1
53.7
50.5
52.7
8,030
3,810
2,188
1,622
871
4,220
50.7
55.0
63.7
46.4
43.5
47.3
993
512
254
258
140
481
11.0
11.8
10.4
13.7
13.9
10.2
6,826
2,610
992
1,617
990
4,216
Men, 16 years and over…………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
16,736
5,043
2,479
2,564
1,505
11,693
12,948
4,736
2,310
2,426
1,425
8,212
77.4
93.9
93.2
94.6
94.7
70.2
11,255
4,248
2,085
2,162
1,282
7,007
67.2
84.2
84.1
84.3
85.2
59.9
1,693
488
225
263
143
1,205
13.1
10.3
9.7
10.9
10.1
14.7
3,788
307
168
139
80
3,481
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
NOTE: Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces,
nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
14
Table 6. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity, March 2009
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence and age of children
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Total, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 121,328
With children under 18 years old………… 36,507
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 19,990
With children under 6 years old………… 16,517
With children under 3 years old………… 9,757
With no children under 18 years old……… 84,820
71,771
26,122
59.2
71.6
66,422
24,079
54.7
66.0
5,348
2,043
7.5
7.8
49,557
10,385
15,625
10,497
5,960
45,649
78.2
63.6
61.1
53.8
14,562
9,517
5,401
42,343
72.8
57.6
55.4
49.9
1,063
980
559
3,306
6.8
9.3
9.4
7.2
4,366
6,020
3,798
39,171
Total, married, spouse present
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
60,818
25,781
37,536
17,995
61.7
69.8
35,540
17,018
58.4
66.0
1,996
977
5.3
5.4
23,282
7,785
14,035
11,746
7,078
35,037
10,764
7,231
4,236
19,541
76.7
61.6
59.8
55.8
10,213
6,805
3,994
18,521
72.8
57.9
56.4
52.9
551
426
242
1,019
5.1
5.9
5.7
5.2
3,271
4,514
2,842
15,497
Total, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 60,509
With children under 18 years old………… 10,727
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
y
g
5,955
With children under 6 years old…………
4,771
With children under 3 years old………… 2,679
With no children under 18 years old……… 49,783
34,235
8,127
56.6
75.8
30,883
7,061
51.0
65.8
3,352
1,066
9.8
13.1
26,274
2,600
4,861
3,266
1,723
26,108
81.6
68.5
64.3
52.4
4,349
2,712
1,407
23,822
73.0
56.8
52.5
47.9
512
554
317
2,286
10.5
17.0
18.4
8.8
1,094
1,505
956
23,675
White, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
97,257
28,463
57,351
20,239
59.0
71.1
53,409
18,830
54.9
66.2
3,941
1,409
6.9
7.0
39,906
8,224
15,654
12,809
7,589
68,794
12,212
8,027
4,596
37,111
78.0
62.7
60.6
53.9
11,455
7,375
4,242
34,579
73.2
57.6
55.9
50.3
757
652
354
2,532
6.2
8.1
7.7
6.8
3,442
4,782
2,993
31,683
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
51,912
21,589
31,834
14,995
61.3
69.5
30,194
14,199
58.2
65.8
1,640
796
5.2
5.3
20,078
6,595
11,758
9,832
5,932
30,322
8,988
6,006
3,545
16,839
76.4
61.1
59.8
55.5
8,534
5,665
3,352
15,995
72.6
57.6
56.5
52.7
454
342
193
844
5.1
5.7
5.5
5.0
2,769
3,826
2,387
13,483
White, married, spouse present
White, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 45,345
With children under 18 years old…………
6,873
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 3,896
With children under 6 years old…………
2,977
With children under 3 years old………… 1,657
With no children under 18 years old……… 38,472
25,517
5,245
56.3
76.3
23,215
4,631
51.2
67.4
2,301
614
9.0
11.7
19,828
1,629
3,224
2,021
1,051
20,272
82.7
67.9
63.4
52.7
2,921
1,710
890
18,585
75.0
57.4
53.7
48.3
303
311
160
1,688
9.4
15.4
15.3
8.3
672
956
606
18,199
See footnote at end of table.
15
Table 6. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity, March 2009—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence and age of children
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Black or African American, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 15,474
With children under 18 years old…………
5,159
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 2,857
With children under 6 years old…………
2,302
With children under 3 years old………… 1,322
With no children under 18 years old……… 10,314
9,388
3,904
60.7
75.7
8,372
3,427
54.1
66.4
1,016
476
10.8
12.2
6,086
1,255
2,294
1,610
872
5,484
80.3
70.0
66.0
53.2
2,067
1,360
705
4,945
72.3
59.1
53.3
47.9
227
250
167
539
9.9
15.5
19.2
9.8
564
692
450
4,830
Black or African American, married, spouse present
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
4,368
1,930
2,930
1,497
67.1
77.5
2,752
1,415
63.0
73.3
178
82
6.1
5.5
1,438
434
1,123
808
457
2,437
920
577
298
1,433
81.9
71.4
65.2
58.8
871
544
277
1,337
77.6
67.3
60.5
54.9
49
33
21
96
5.3
5.7
7.2
6.7
203
231
159
1,004
Black or African American, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 11,106
With children under 18 years old…………
3,229
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
y
g
1,735
With children under 6 years old…………
1,494
With children under 3 years old…………
864
With no children under 18 years old……… 7,877
6,458
2,407
58.2
74.6
5,620
2,013
50.6
62.3
838
395
13.0
16.4
4,647
822
1,374
1,033
574
4,051
79.2
69.2
66.4
51.4
1,196
817
428
3,608
68.9
54.7
49.5
45.8
178
217
146
444
12.9
21.0
25.4
10.9
361
461
290
3,826
Asian, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
5,613
1,877
3,269
1,300
58.2
69.2
3,085
1,229
55.0
65.5
184
71
5.6
5.4
2,343
578
981
896
532
3,735
745
555
323
1,969
75.9
61.9
60.7
52.7
706
523
305
1,856
72.0
58.3
57.5
49.7
39
32
17
113
5.2
5.7
5.3
5.7
236
342
209
1,766
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
3,366
1,660
2,090
1,118
62.1
67.4
1,971
1,060
58.6
63.9
119
58
5.7
5.2
1,277
541
848
812
497
1,707
627
491
295
971
74.0
60.5
59.4
56.9
600
460
278
911
70.8
56.6
55.9
53.4
27
32
17
60
4.3
6.4
5.8
6.2
221
321
202
736
Asian, married, spouse present
Asian, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
2,246
218
1,179
181
52.5
83.2
1,114
169
49.6
77.6
65
12
5.5
6.7
1,067
37
133
84
35
2,028
118
63
28
998
88.5
74.8
79.7
49.2
106
63
28
945
79.5
74.5
79.0
46.6
12
53
10.1
5.3
15
21
7
1,030
See footnote at end of table.
16
Table 6. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity, March 2009—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence and age of children
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 15,849
With children under 18 years old…………
6,931
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 3,435
With children under 6 years old…………
3,497
With children under 3 years old………… 2,001
With no children under 18 years old……… 8,917
9,023
4,322
56.9
62.3
8,030
3,810
50.7
55.0
993
512
11.0
11.8
6,826
2,610
2,442
1,879
1,011
4,701
71.1
53.7
50.5
52.7
2,188
1,622
871
4,220
63.7
46.4
43.5
47.3
254
258
140
481
10.4
13.7
13.9
10.2
992
1,617
990
4,216
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, married, spouse present
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
7,596
4,642
4,194
2,652
55.2
57.1
3,773
2,366
49.7
51.0
421
286
10.0
10.8
3,402
1,990
2,309
2,333
1,371
2,954
1,541
1,111
617
1,542
66.7
47.6
45.0
52.2
1,379
987
550
1,407
59.7
42.3
40.1
47.6
162
125
67
135
10.5
11.2
10.9
8.8
768
1,221
754
1,413
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
y
g
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
1
8,253
2,290
4,829
1,669
58.5
72.9
4,257
1,444
51.6
63.0
572
226
11.8
13.5
3,424
620
1,126
1,164
630
5,963
902
768
394
3,160
80.1
66.0
62.5
53.0
809
635
321
2,814
71.8
54.5
50.9
47.2
93
133
73
346
10.3
17.3
18.5
11.0
224
396
236
2,803
Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
NOTE: Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces,
nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail for the above race groups (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics.
17
Table 7. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, March 1975–2009
(Numbers in thousands)
With children under age 18
Civilian labor force
Year
Total
With children ages 6 to 17, none younger
Unemployed
Percent Employed
of
population
Civilian labor force
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Total
Unemployed
Percent Employed
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
1975...……
1976...……
1977………
1978………
1979...……
14,616
15,073
15,669
16,385
16,883
47.4
48.8
50.8
53.0
54.5
13,069
13,725
14,276
15,142
15,624
1,548
1,346
1,393
1,242
1,259
11.0
8.9
8.9
7.6
7.7
8,917
9,388
10,040
10,401
10,646
54.9
56.2
58.3
60.0
61.6
8,218
8,769
9,389
9,845
10,030
700
621
650
556
615
7.9
6.6
6.5
5.3
5.8
1980………
1981...……
1982...……
1983...……
1984………
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
17,790
18,422
18,744
18,924
19,555
20,041
20,620
21,422
21,545
21,936
56.6
58.1
58.5
58.9
60.5
62.1
62.8
64.7
65.1
65.7
16,526
16,952
16,854
16,792
17,782
18,306
18,922
19,798
20,141
20,647
1,264
1,471
1,890
2,131
1,773
1,735
1,698
1,624
1,404
1,289
7.1
8.0
10.1
11.3
9.1
8.7
8.2
7.6
6.5
5.9
11,252
11,490
11,377
11,340
11,538
11,826
12,075
12,438
12,683
12,800
64.3
65.5
65.8
66.3
68.1
69.9
70.4
72.0
73.3
74.2
10,640
10,725
10,440
10,303
10,739
10,984
11,320
11,661
12,042
12,168
612
765
936
1,037
799
842
756
778
641
632
5.4
6.7
8.2
9.1
6.9
7.1
6.3
6.3
5.1
4.9
1990...……
1991...……
1992...……
1993………
1994………
1994
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998...……
1999………
22,196
22,327
22,756
23,063
24,191
24 191
24,695
24,720
25,604
25,647
25,472
66.7
66.6
67.2
66.9
68.4
68 4
69.7
70.2
72.1
72.3
72.1
20,865
20,774
21,052
21,521
22,467
22 467
23,195
23,386
24,082
24,209
24,307
1,331
1,552
1,704
1,541
1,724
1 724
1,500
1,334
1,522
1,438
1,165
6.0
7.0
7.5
6.7
7.1
71
6.1
5.4
5.9
5.6
4.6
12,799
12,691
13,183
13,441
13,863
13 863
14,300
14,427
14,993
15,028
15,150
74.7
74.4
75.9
75.4
76.0
76 0
76.4
77.2
78.1
78.4
78.5
12,133
12,017
12,391
12,757
13,074
13 074
13,608
13,794
14,282
14,370
14,633
666
674
793
684
789
691
633
711
658
516
5.2
5.3
6.0
5.1
5.7
57
4.8
4.4
4.7
4.4
3.4
2000...……
2001...……
2002………
2003...……
2004………
2005………
2006...……
2007...……
2008...……
2009...……
25,795
26,269
26,140
26,202
25,913
25,941
26,009
26,834
25,930
26,122
72.9
72.7
72.2
71.7
70.7
70.5
70.6
71.3
71.2
71.6
24,693
25,030
24,612
24,598
24,413
24,564
24,728
25,646
24,637
24,079
1,102
1,239
1,529
1,603
1,501
1,377
1,281
1,188
1,294
2,043
4.3
4.7
5.8
6.1
5.8
5.3
4.9
4.4
5.0
7.8
15,479
15,839
15,948
15,993
15,782
15,594
15,579
15,940
15,479
15,625
79.0
79.4
78.6
78.7
77.5
76.9
76.9
77.7
77.5
78.2
14,931
15,220
15,171
15,166
15,006
14,930
14,949
15,341
14,842
14,562
549
619
777
828
776
663
630
599
636
1,063
3.5
3.9
4.9
5.2
4.9
4.3
4.0
3.8
4.1
6.8
See note at end of table.
18
Table 7. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child,
March 1975–2009—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
With children under age 6
Civilian labor force
Year
Total
With children under age 3
Unemployed
Percent Employed
of
population
Civilian labor force
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Total
Unemployed
Percent Employed
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
1975...……
1976...……
1977………
1978………
1979...……
5,699
5,684
5,629
5,983
6,238
39.0
40.1
41.2
44.0
45.7
4,851
4,957
4,887
5,297
5,594
848
727
742
687
644
14.9
12.8
13.2
11.5
10.3
2,824
2,702
2,795
3,179
3,380
34.3
34.1
35.4
39.4
41.1
2,326
2,285
2,371
2,768
2,979
500
418
424
411
401
17.7
15.5
15.2
12.9
11.9
1980………
1981...……
1982...……
1983...……
1984………
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
6,538
6,933
7,367
7,583
8,017
8,215
8,545
8,983
8,862
9,136
46.8
48.9
49.9
50.5
52.1
53.5
54.4
56.7
56.1
56.7
5,886
6,227
6,414
6,489
7,043
7,322
7,602
8,137
8,099
8,478
652
706
953
1,094
974
893
943
846
763
657
10.0
10.2
12.9
14.4
12.1
10.9
11.0
9.4
8.6
7.2
3,565
3,826
4,133
4,233
4,401
4,601
4,786
5,064
4,947
5,053
41.9
44.3
45.6
46.0
47.6
49.5
50.8
52.9
52.4
52.4
3,167
3,380
3,542
3,551
3,839
4,089
4,227
4,570
4,477
4,671
398
446
591
682
562
513
559
494
470
381
11.2
11.7
14.3
16.1
12.8
11.1
11.7
9.8
9.5
7.5
1990...……
1991...……
1992...……
1993
1993………
1994………
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998...……
1999………
9,397
9,636
9,573
9 621
9,621
10,328
10,395
10,293
10,610
10,619
10,322
58.2
58.4
58.0
57
57.9
9
60.3
62.3
62.3
65.0
65.2
64.4
8,732
8,758
8,662
8 764
8,764
9,394
9,587
9,592
9,800
9,839
9,674
664
878
911
857
935
809
701
810
780
648
7.1
9.1
9.5
89
8.9
9.0
7.8
6.8
7.6
7.3
6.3
5,216
5,417
5,329
5
5,349
349
5,724
5,650
5,619
5,839
5,882
5,645
53.6
54.5
54.5
53
53.9
9
57.1
58.7
59.0
61.8
62.2
60.7
4,823
4,868
4,776
4 857
4,857
5,165
5,172
5,222
5,366
5,454
5,285
393
550
553
492
559
478
397
473
428
359
7.5
10.1
10.4
92
9.2
9.8
8.5
7.1
8.1
7.3
6.4
2000...……
2001...……
2002………
2003...……
2004………
2005………
2006...……
2007...……
2008...……
2009...……
10,316
10,430
10,193
10,209
10,131
10,347
10,430
10,894
10,452
10,497
65.3
64.4
64.1
62.9
62.2
62.6
63.0
63.5
63.6
63.6
9,763
9,810
9,441
9,433
9,407
9,634
9,779
10,305
9,794
9,517
553
620
752
776
724
714
651
589
657
980
5.4
5.9
7.4
7.6
7.1
6.9
6.2
5.4
6.3
9.3
5,670
5,743
5,600
5,568
5,401
5,704
5,842
6,006
5,754
5,960
61.0
60.7
60.5
58.7
57.3
58.9
59.9
60.1
59.6
61.1
5,350
5,350
5,160
5,112
4,983
5,299
5,458
5,679
5,380
5,401
320
393
440
456
417
405
384
327
374
559
5.6
6.8
7.9
8.2
7.7
7.1
6.6
5.5
6.5
9.4
See note at end of table.
19
Table 7. Employment status of women by presence and
age of youngest child, March 1975–2009—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
With no children under age 18
Civilian labor force
Year
Total
Unemployed
Percent Employed
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
1975...……
1976...……
1977………
1978………
1979...……
22,365
23,327
24,385
25,362
26,962
45.1
45.7
46.4
47.0
48.6
20,381
21,389
22,348
23,631
25,285
1,984
1,938
2,037
1,731
1,677
8.9
8.3
8.4
6.8
6.2
1980………
1981...……
1982...……
1983...……
1984………
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
27,144
27,992
28,351
28,856
29,684
30,850
31,112
31,538
32,490
33,255
48.1
48.7
48.6
48.7
49.3
50.4
50.5
50.5
51.2
51.9
25,375
25,934
26,041
26,373
27,652
28,814
29,107
29,688
30,911
31,761
1,769
2,059
2,311
2,483
2,032
2,036
2,005
1,850
1,580
1,495
6.5
7.4
8.2
8.6
6.8
6.6
6.4
5.9
4.9
4.5
1990...……
1991...……
1992...……
1993
1993………
1994………
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998...……
1999………
33,942
34,047
34,487
34 495
34,495
35,455
35,843
36,509
37,295
38,253
39,314
52.3
52.0
52.3
52.1
52 1
53.1
52.9
53.0
53.6
54.1
54.3
32,391
32,167
32,481
32 476
32,476
33,345
34,054
34,698
35,572
36,680
37,587
1,551
1,880
2,006
2 020
2,020
2,110
1,789
1,811
1,723
1,573
1,727
4.6
5.5
5.8
5
5.9
9
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.4
2000...……
2001...……
2002………
2003...……
2004………
2005………
2006...……
2007...……
2008...……
2009...……
40,142
40,996
41,278
42,039
42,289
42,677
43,392
44,039
45,585
45,649
54.8
54.4
54.0
54.1
53.8
53.5
53.6
53.9
54.3
53.8
38,408
39,363
39,038
39,667
40,000
40,570
41,440
42,279
43,417
42,343
1,733
1,633
2,241
2,372
2,289
2,107
1,952
1,760
2,168
3,306
4.3
4.0
5.4
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.0
4.8
7.2
NOTE:
Children are "own" children and include sons,
daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are
nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated
children. Data for 1994 and subsequent years are not directly
comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the
introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population
Survey.
SOURCE: 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement,
Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
20
Table 8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 to 64 years of age by educational
attainment and sex, 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Educational attainment and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Unemployed
Not
in
labor
force
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
126,247
11,401
36,159
35,291
43,397
28,350
10,823
2,403
1,821
78.8
63.3
75.8
80.3
85.9
85.1
86.2
90.4
90.1
116,163
9,687
32,591
32,480
41,406
26,877
10,406
2,347
1,776
72.5
53.7
68.3
73.9
81.9
80.7
82.9
88.3
87.9
10,084
1,714
3,568
2,811
1,991
1,472
417
56
46
8.0
15.0
9.9
8.0
4.6
5.2
3.9
2.3
2.5
33,988
6,622
11,559
8,665
7,143
4,951
1,736
256
200
81,440
8,409
23,174
23,646
26,212
17,417
6,900
1,086
809
58,787
4,118
15,711
17,804
21,154
13,867
5,659
926
702
72.2
49.0
67.8
75.3
80.7
79.6
82.0
85.3
86.8
54,689
3,512
14,427
16,532
20,217
13,165
5,472
897
684
67.2
41.8
62.3
69.9
77.1
75.6
79.3
82.6
84.5
4,099
605
1,284
1,272
937
702
187
30
18
7.0
14.7
8.2
7.1
4.4
5.1
3.3
3.2
2.6
22,653
4,291
7,463
5,842
5,057
3,550
1,241
159
107
78,795
9,614
24,544
20,309
24,328
15,884
5,659
1,573
1,212
67,460
7,283
20,447
17,487
22,242
14,483
5,164
1,476
1,119
85.6
75.8
83.3
86.1
91.4
91.2
91.3
93.9
92.3
61,474
6,175
18,164
15,947
21,189
13,713
4,934
1,450
1,092
78.0
64.2
74.0
78.5
87.1
86.3
87.2
92.2
90.1
5,986
1,108
2,284
1,539
1,054
771
230
26
27
8.9
15.2
11.2
8.8
4.7
5.3
4.5
1.8
2.4
11,335
2,331
4,096
2,823
2,085
1,401
495
97
93
Total
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Total
Total, 25 to 64 years………………...…… 160,235
Less than a high school diploma……… 18,023
High school graduates, no college…… 47,718
Some college or associate's degree…
43,955
College graduates, total……………….
50,539
Bachelor's degree……………………… 33,301
Master's degree………………………. 12,559
Professional degree…………………… 2,658
Doctoral degree………………………… 2,021
Women
Total, 25 to 64 years…………………….
Less than a high school diploma………
High school graduates, no college……
Some college or associate's degree…
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor'ss degree…………………….
Bachelor
Master's degree……………………….
Professional degree……………………
Doctoral degree…………………………
Men
Total, 25 to 64 years………………………
Less than a high school diploma………
High school graduates, no college……
Some college or associate's degree…
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree…………………….
Master's degree…………………...……
Professional degree…………………..
Doctoral degree…………………………
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
21
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2009
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
High school
Total
Less than 4
years
4 years, no
college
College
1 to 3 years
4 years or
more
11.8
12.3
12.4
13.0
13.7
14.4
15.2
15.7
16.5
17.3
17.6
17.7
17.3
18.1
18.4
19.0
19.5
19.7
19.7
20.0
20.7
21.1
14.1
14.8
15.5
16.4
17.5
18.3
19.4
20.2
20.6
21.3
22.0
22.0
23.1
24.2
24.7
24.9
24.8
25.3
25.7
26.4
26.4
26.5
Some
college, no
degree, or
associate's
degree
College
graduates
25.6
26.6
27.7
28.1
27.8
27.5
27.4
27.6
27.8
28.0
27.7
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.7
27.7
28.0
28.0
26.6
27.0
27.6
28.3
28.7
29.0
29.8
30.5
30.7
31.0
31.6
32.1
32.4
32.5
33.0
33.8
34.2
34.4
Total, both sexes
1
1970 …...………
1971…...………
1972…...………
1973…...………
1974…...………
1975…...………
1976…...………
1977…...………
1978…...………
1979…...………
1980…...………
1981…...………
1982…...………
1983……..........
1984……..........
1985…...………
1986…...………
1987…...………
1988……..........
1989…...………
1990……..........
1991…...………
61,765
62,344
63,704
64,775
66,527
67,774
69,243
71,324
73,504
75,781
78,010
80,273
81,516
83,615
86,001
88,424
90,500
92,966
94,870
97,318
99,175
,
100,480
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.1
34.5
33.3
30.9
29.3
27.5
25.8
24.9
23.7
21.8
20.6
19.7
18.8
17.8
16.7
15.9
15.5
14.9
14.7
14.0
13.4
13.0
38.1
38.4
38.8
39.7
39.5
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.2
39.5
39.8
40.6
40.8
39.9
40.2
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.9
39.6
39.5
39.4
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
Total
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
no college
Total, both sexes
1992²……………
1993…...………
1994…...………
1995……..........
1996…...………
1997……..........
1998……..........
1999…...………
2000…...………
2001…...………
2002…...………
2003……..........
2004…...………
2005……………
2006……………
2007……………
2008……………
2009……………
103,018
104,237
105,610
107,032
108,932
110,945
111,932
113,095
115,750
116,893
118,028
119,621
120,135
121,752
123,550
125,104
126,011
126,247
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.1
11.3
10.8
10.4
10.6
10.6
10.5
10.0
10.1
10.1
10.0
9.9
9.7
9.8
9.7
9.3
9.0
9.0
See footnotes at end of table.
22
35.7
35.1
33.9
33.2
32.9
32.9
32.4
31.8
31.4
30.9
30.7
30.3
30.1
29.9
29.6
29.2
28.8
28.6
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2009—Continued
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
High school
Total
Less than 4
years
4 years, no
college
College
1 to 3 years
4 years or
more
10.9
11.9
11.8
12.4
13.4
13.9
14.7
15.2
16.1
17.1
17.4
17.9
18.3
18.8
18.9
19.9
20.3
20.7
21.2
20.9
21.9
22.2
11.2
11.8
12.4
13.3
14.6
14.1
16.2
16.9
17.0
17.8
18.7
18.6
19.5
20.9
21.7
22.0
22.2
22.8
23.1
24.3
24.5
25.2
Some
college, no
degree, or
associate's
degree
College
graduates
27.3
28.4
29.8
30.2
29.9
29.4
29.4
29.5
29.8
30.2
29.9
29.9
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.1
30.4
30.3
25.0
25.7
26.2
26.9
27.8
28.4
29.2
29.9
30.1
30.4
31.3
32.2
32.6
33.3
33.9
34.9
35.6
36.0
Women
1
1970 …...………
1971…...………
1972…...………
1973…...………
1974…...………
1975…...………
1976…...………
1977…...………
1978…...………
1979…...………
1980…...………
1981…...………
1982…...………
1983……..........
1984……..........
1985…...………
1986…...………
1987…...………
1988……..........
1989…...………
1990……..........
1991…...………
22,462
22,804
23,606
24,158
25,203
26,146
27,166
28,369
29,738
31,151
32,593
33,910
34,870
35,712
37,234
38,779
39,767
41,105
42,254
43,650
44,699
45,315
,
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.5
32.2
30.7
28.4
26.7
26.5
24.0
22.8
22.0
20.1
18.4
17.4
16.6
15.6
14.5
13.7
13.2
12.5
12.4
11.9
11.3
10.9
44.3
44.2
45.1
45.9
45.3
45.5
45.1
45.1
44.9
45.0
45.4
46.1
45.6
44.8
44.9
44.4
44.3
44.0
43.3
42.9
42.4
41.6
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
Total
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
no college
Women
1992²……………
1993…...………
1994…...………
1995……..........
1996…...………
1997……..........
1998……..........
1999…...………
2000…...………
2001…...………
2002…...………
2003……..........
2004…...………
2005……………
2006……………
2007……………
2008……………
2009……………
46,589
47,245
48,405
49,247
50,240
51,261
51,678
52,525
53,749
54,229
54,710
55,596
55,616
56,322
57,201
57,791
58,465
58,787
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.3
9.3
9.0
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.8
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.1
6.9
7.0
See footnotes at end of table.
23
37.4
36.6
35.0
34.1
33.6
33.5
32.7
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
30.0
29.4
28.7
28.3
27.9
27.2
26.7
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2009—Continued
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
High school
Total
Less than 4
years
College
4 years, no
college
1 to 3 years
4 years or
more
34.5
35.1
35.1
36.0
36.0
36.1
36.0
35.3
35.3
35.7
35.7
36.5
36.8
36.3
36.7
36.9
37.0
37.1
37.3
36.9
37.2
37.5
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.4
13.9
14.8
15.5
16.1
16.9
17.5
17.7
17.4
17.5
17.7
18.0
18.3
18.9
18.9
18.5
19.2
19.7
20.2
15.7
16.5
17.3
18.2
19.3
20.2
21.5
22.3
23.0
23.8
24.3
24.6
25.5
26.6
26.9
27.1
26.9
27.2
27.8
28.2
28.0
27.6
Men
1
1970 …...………
1971…...………
1972…...………
1973…...………
1974…...………
1975…...………
1976…...………
1977…...………
1978…...………
1979…...………
1980…...………
1981…...………
1982…...………
1983……..........
1984……..........
1985…...………
1986…...………
1987…...………
1988……..........
1989…...………
1990……..........
1991…...………
39,303
39,539
40,098
40,617
41,344
41,628
42,077
42,954
43,766
44,630
45,417
46,363
47,144
47,903
48,767
49,647
50,733
51,860
52,616
53,668
54,476
55,165
,
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.5
35.9
34.8
32.4
30.8
28.9
27.0
26.3
24.8
23.0
22.2
21.5
20.3
19.4
18.4
17.7
17.2
16.8
16.5
15.7
15.1
14.7
See footnotes at end of table.
24
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2009—Continued
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
Total
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
no college
Some
college, no
degree, or
associate's
degree
College
graduates
24.3
25.1
25.9
26.3
26.1
25.9
25.6
26.0
26.1
26.2
25.8
25.6
25.6
25.7
25.5
25.6
25.9
25.9
27.8
28.1
28.8
29.4
29.4
29.6
30.3
31.0
31.2
31.4
31.8
32.1
32.3
31.9
32.3
32.9
33.0
33.0
Men
1992²……………
1993…...………
1994…...………
1995……..........
1996…...………
1997……..........
1998……..........
1999…...………
2000…...………
2001…...………
2002…...………
2003……..........
2004…...………
2005……………
2006……………
2007……………
2008……………
2009……………
56,428
56,992
57,205
57,784
58,692
59,684
60,255
60,570
62,001
62,664
63,318
64,025
64,519
65,430
66,350
67,313
67,546
67,460
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.7
12.9
12.4
11.8
12.2
12.2
12.0
11.4
11.5
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.2
10.9
10.8
34.2
33.9
33.0
32.4
32.3
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.2
30.9
30.8
30.6
30.7
30.9
30.6
30.4
30.2
30.3
1
Data from 1970-1991 are from the March Current Population Survey. The educational attainment
categories for these years were based on the number of years of school completed.
2 Data beginning in 1992 are annual averages,
averages and the educational attainment categories are based on
the highest diploma or degree received.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
25
Table 10. Employed persons by major occupation and sex, 2008 and 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Occupation and sex
2008
Number
2009
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations ............................
Management, business, and financial operations occupations ..........
Professional and related occupations ................................................
Service occupations ..............................................................................
Sales and office occupations ................................................................
Sales and related occupations ...........................................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..................................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...........
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................
Construction and extraction occupations ...........................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .............................
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
Production occupations ......................................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..............................
145,362
100.0
139,877
100.0
52,761
22,059
30,702
24,451
35,544
16,295
19,249
14,806
988
8,667
5,152
17,800
8,973
8,827
36.3
15.2
21.1
16.8
24.5
11.2
13.2
10.2
.7
6.0
3.5
12.2
6.2
6.1
52,219
21,529
30,690
24,598
33,787
15,641
18,146
13,323
926
7,439
4,957
15,951
7,654
8,297
37.3
15.4
21.9
17.6
24.2
11.2
13.0
9.5
.7
5.3
3.5
11.4
5.5
5.9
67,876
26,813
9,412
17,401
13,980
22,477
8,073
14,404
626
208
219
199
3,980
2,661
1,319
100.0
39.5
13.9
25.6
20.6
33.1
11.9
21.2
.9
.3
.3
.3
5.9
3.9
1.9
66,208
26,833
9,199
17,634
14,077
21,289
7,761
13,527
587
190
191
206
3,421
2,152
1,269
100.0
40.5
13.9
26.6
21.3
32.2
11.7
20.4
.9
.3
.3
.3
5.2
3.3
1.9
Women
Total, 16 years and over.………………………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations ............................
Management, business, and financial operations occupations ..........
Professional and related occupations ................................................
Service occupations ..............................................................................
Sales and office occupations ................................................................
Sales and related occupations ...........................................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..................................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...........
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................
Construction and extraction occupations ...........................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .............................
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
Production occupations ......................................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..............................
26
Table 10. Employed persons by major occupation and sex, 2008 and 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Occupation
2008
2009
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
77,486
25,948
12,647
13,301
10,471
13,067
8,221
4,845
14,181
780
8,448
4,953
13,820
6,313
7,507
100.0
73,670
100.0
33.5
16.3
17.2
13.5
16.9
10.6
6.3
18.3
1.0
10.9
6.4
17.8
8.1
9.7
25,385
12,330
13,056
10,521
12,498
7,880
4,618
12,735
736
7,248
4,751
12,530
5,502
7,028
34.5
16.7
17.7
14.3
17.0
10.7
6.3
17.3
1.0
9.8
6.4
17.0
7.5
9.5
Men
Total, 16 years and over.……………………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations ............................
Management, business, and financial operations occupations ..........
Professional and related occupations ................................................
Service occupations ..............................................................................
Sales and office occupations ................................................................
Sales and related occupations ...........................................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..................................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...........
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................
Construction and extraction occupations ...........................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .............................
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
Production occupations ......................................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..............................
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
27
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Percent
women
Total, 16 years and over……………………...……………………………………………………………
139,877
47.3
Management, professional, and related occupations..........................................................................
Management, business, and financial operations occupations........................................................
Management occupations............................................................................................................
Chief executives.......................................................................................................................
General and operations managers...........................................................................................
Legislators………………………………………………….……………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers.....................................................................................
Marketing and sales managers.................................................................................................
Public relations managers........................................................................................................
Administrative services managers............................................................................................
Computer and information systems managers.........................................................................
Financial managers..................................................................................................................
Human resources managers....................................................................................................
Industrial production managers................................................................................................
Purchasing managers...............................................................................................................
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers..................................................................
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers..........................................................................
Farmers and ranchers..............................................................................................................
Construction managers............................................................................................................
Education administrators..........................................................................................................
Engineering managers.............................................................................................................
Food service managers............................................................................................................
Funeral directors……….………………………………………………………………………………
Gaming managers
managers……………..………………………………………………………………………
Lodging managers....................................................................................................................
Medical and health services managers.....................................................................................
Natural sciences managers…………………………………………..…………………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents.....................................................................................
Property, real estate, and community association managers....................................................
Social and community service managers.................................................................................
Managers, all other………………………………………………………………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations............................................................................
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes………………………………
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products………………………………………………………
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products..................................................................
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products..............................................
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators.....................................................
Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation...
Cost estimators........................................................................................................................
Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists.......................................................
Logisticians..............................................................................................................................
Management analysts..............................................................................................................
Meeting and convention planners………………………………………………………………………
Other business operations specialists…………………………………………………………………
Accountants and auditors.........................................................................................................
Appraisers and assessors of real estate...................................................................................
Budget analysts........................................................................................................................
Credit analysts……………………………………………………………………………………………
Financial analysts.....................................................................................................................
52,219
21,529
15,447
1,631
1,004
19
78
938
70
118
471
1,183
283
240
198
234
226
729
1,099
808
124
1,003
41
21
160
533
13
33
597
343
3,249
6,082
42
10
167
239
280
200
117
843
64
640
56
317
1,754
99
57
26
94
51.4
42.7
37.4
25.0
30.0
56.5
42.8
53.1
40.9
29.0
54.7
66.8
16.4
50.3
16.4
17.5
25.2
5.9
62.6
8.1
45.7
48.2
69.5
46.7
69.4
34.0
56.3
55.9
55.5
60.6
50.6
11.4
71.1
43.9
42.8
83.3
68.4
61.8
28.9
59.3
30.9
See note at end of table.
28
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Personal financial advisors.......................................................................................................
Insurance underwriters.............................................................................................................
Financial examiners……………………………………………………………………………………
Loan counselors and officers....................................................................................................
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents........................................................................
Tax preparers...........................................................................................................................
Financial specialists, all other…………………………………………………………………………
Professional and related occupations..............................................................................................
Computer and mathematical occupations....................................................................................
Computer scientists and systems analysts...............................................................................
Computer programmers...........................................................................................................
Computer software engineers...................................................................................................
Computer support specialists...................................................................................................
Database administrators...........................................................................................................
Network and computer systems administrators........................................................................
Network systems and data communications analysts...............................................................
Actuaries…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Mathematicians…………………………………………………………………………………………
Operations research analysts...................................................................................................
Statisticians……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations…………………………………………………
Architecture and engineering occupations...................................................................................
Architects, except naval............................................................................................................
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists…………………………………………………
Aerospace engineers................................................................................................................
A i lt l engineers……………………………………………………………………………………
Agricultural
i
Biomedical engineers……………………………………………………………………………………
Chemical engineers..................................................................................................................
Civil engineers..........................................................................................................................
Computer hardware engineers.................................................................................................
Electrical and electronics engineers.........................................................................................
Environmental engineers………………………………………………………………………………
Industrial engineers, including health and safety......................................................................
Marine engineers and naval architects………………………………………………………………
Materials engineers……………………………………………………………………………………
Mechanical engineers...............................................................................................................
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers………………………………
Nuclear engineers………………………………………………………………………………………
Petroleum engineers……………………………………………………………………………………
Engineers, all other…………………………………………………………………………………….
Drafters....................................................................................................................................
Engineering technicians, except drafters..................................................................................
Surveying and mapping technicians.........................................................................................
Life, physical, and social science occupations.............................................................................
Agricultural and food scientists…………………………………………………………………………
Biological scientists..................................................................................................................
Conservation scientists and foresters…………………………………………………………………
Medical scientists.....................................................................................................................
Astronomers and physicists……………………………………………………………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………………………………………………………
Chemists and materials scientists............................................................................................
See note at end of table.
29
400
97
8
346
74
99
53
30,690
3,481
759
498
952
384
110
207
401
21
3
108
35
3
2,740
204
53
136
3
16
65
338
61
314
31
186
12
33
302
11
11
26
346
149
365
80
1,328
32
98
23
170
13
6
113
Percent
women
32.1
62.8
55.8
73.8
65.9
66.6
57.5
24.8
26.9
20.2
20.2
26.7
35.3
22.3
24.7
46.9
13.8
25.3
18.2
10.0
18.4
7.1
8.6
9.4
17.4
5.9
13.8
24.7
19.6
7.8
46.8
45.1
56.9
30.0
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Environmental scientists and geoscientists..............................................................................
Physical scientists, all other…………………………………………………………………………..
Economists……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Market and survey researchers................................................................................................
Psychologists...........................................................................................................................
Sociologists………………………………………………………………………………………………
Urban and regional planners………………………………………………………………………..
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………………………………………………………..
Biological technicians……………………………………………………………………………………
Chemical technicians...............................................................................................................
Geological and petroleum technicians………………………………………………………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………………………………………………………
Other life, physical, and social science technicians…………………………………………………
Community and social services occupations................................................................................
Counselors...............................................................................................................................
Social workers..........................................................................................................................
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists..........................................................
Clergy.......................................................................................................................................
Directors, religious activities and education..............................................................................
Religious workers, all other……………………………………………………………………………
Legal occupations........................................................................................................................
Lawyers....................................................................................................................................
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers.......................................................................
Paralegals and legal assistants................................................................................................
Miscellaneous legal support workers........................................................................................
Education, training, and library occupations.................................................................................
Postsecondary teachers...........................................................................................................
Preschool and kindergarten teachers.......................................................................................
Elementary and middle school teachers...................................................................................
Secondary school teachers......................................................................................................
Special education teachers......................................................................................................
Other teachers and instructors.................................................................................................
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………………………………………………………
Librarians.................................................................................................................................
Library technicians...................................................................................................................
Teacher assistants...................................................................................................................
Other education, training, and library workers..........................................................................
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations........................................................
Artists and related workers.......................................................................................................
Designers.................................................................................................................................
Actors……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Producers and directors...........................................................................................................
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers.....................................................................
Dancers and choreographers……………………………………………………………………….
Musicians, singers, and related workers...................................................................................
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other……………………………..
Announcers..............................................................................................................................
News analysts, reporters and correspondents..........................................................................
Public relations specialists.......................................................................................................
Editors......................................................................................................................................
See note at end of table.
30
91
127
36
127
161
2
23
43
30
20
54
15
1
144
2,341
697
725
349
427
66
76
1,710
1,043
73
354
240
8,627
1,321
691
2,862
1,212
385
758
41
206
50
1,006
96
2,724
213
764
26
138
258
18
168
51
52
80
137
169
Percent
women
29.5
37.4
53.6
68.8
38.0
55.2
62.9
70.5
80.7
65.2
17.0
68.8
67.6
49.8
32.4
44.2
85.9
73.8
74.3
49.2
97.8
81.9
54.9
86.0
68.3
81.8
76.4
91.5
77.2
46.6
45.5
54.3
40.1
31.5
31.5
42.8
11.2
42.8
60.7
55.8
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Technical writers......................................................................................................................
Writers and authors..................................................................................................................
Miscellaneous media and communication workers...................................................................
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators..........................................
Photographers..........................................................................................................................
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors………………………………
Health care practitioner and technical occupations......................................................................
Chiropractors............................................................................................................................
Dentists....................................................................................................................................
Dietitians and nutritionists.........................................................................................................
Optometrists……………………………………………………………………………………………
Pharmacists.............................................................................................................................
Physicians and surgeons..........................................................................................................
Physician assistants.................................................................................................................
Podiatrists………………………………………………………………………………………………
Registered nurses....................................................................................................................
Audiologists………………………………………………………………………………………………
Occupational therapists............................................................................................................
Physical therapists...................................................................................................................
Radiation therapists……………………………………………………………………………………
Recreational therapists…………………………………………………………………………………
Respiratory therapists..............................................................................................................
Speech-language pathologists.................................................................................................
Therapists, all other……………………………………………………………………………………
Veterinarians............................................................................................................................
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians......................................................................
Dental hygienists......................................................................................................................
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians.....................................................................
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics.....................................................................
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians...............................................
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses...................................................................
Medical records and health information technicians.................................................................
Opticians, dispensing...............................................................................................................
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians………………………………………………
Other health care practitioners and technical occupations…………………………………………
Service occupations...........................................................................................................................
Health care support occupations.....................................................................................................
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides............................................................................
Occupational therapist assistants and aides……………………………………………………….
Physical therapist assistants and aides....................................................................................
Massage therapists..................................................................................................................
Dental assistants......................................................................................................................
Medical assistants and other health care support occupations……………………………………
Protective service occupations........................................................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers……………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives.........................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers...................................
Supervisors, protective service workers, all other………………………………………………….
Fire fighters..............................................................................................................................
See note at end of table.
31
Percent
women
51
178
94
93
188
46
7,738
58
164
99
26
267
914
91
16
2,839
18
106
175
14
23
119
140
128
69
25
349
137
342
156
476
633
103
50
146
52
50.4
62.7
67.3
9.4
44.8
74.6
19.6
30.2
87.3
49.3
32.2
57.1
92.0
87.0
64.7
59.9
95.8
81.0
61.2
74.7
96.6
74.4
30.1
79.8
91.4
88.7
67.4
71.5
33.5
24,598
3,309
2,002
16
79
150
286
776
3,164
50
91
54
94
284
57.2
89.4
88.4
79.3
85.7
97.6
90.7
22.3
24.0
14.7
7.3
27.5
3.4
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Fire inspectors……………………………………………………………………………………………
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers....................................................................................
Detectives and criminal investigators.......................................................................................
Fish and game wardens………………………………………………………………………………
Parking enforcement workers…………………………………………………………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers.............................................................................................
Transit and railroad police…………………………………………………………………………….
Animal control workers…………………………………………………………………………………
Private detectives and investigators.........................................................................................
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers.....................................................................
Crossing guards…………………………………………………………………………………………
Lifeguards and other protective service workers……………………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations..........................................................................
Chefs and head cooks..............................................................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers................................
Cooks.......................................................................................................................................
Food preparation workers.........................................................................................................
Bartenders................................................................................................................................
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food.......................................
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop.............................................
Waiters and waitresses............................................................................................................
Food servers, nonrestaurant.....................................................................................................
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers...................................................
Dishwashers.............................................................................................................................
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop......................................................
Food preparation and serving related workers
workers, all other
other……………………………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations........................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers…………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers...
Janitors and building cleaners..................................................................................................
Maids and housekeeping cleaners...........................................................................................
Pest control workers.................................................................................................................
Grounds maintenance workers.................................................................................................
Personal care and service occupations...........................................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers..................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers...................................................
Animal trainers………………………………………………………………………………………….
Nonfarm animal caretakers......................................................................................................
Gaming services workers.........................................................................................................
Motion picture projectionists……………………………………………………………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers..............................................................................
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers………………………………………
Funeral service workers……………………………………………………………………………….
Barbers.....................................................................................................................................
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists..........................................................................
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers...........................................................................
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges..............................................................................
Tour and travel guides………………………………………………………………………………..
Transportation attendants.........................................................................................................
Child care workers....................................................................................................................
Personal and home care aides.................................................................................................
See note at end of table.
32
18
435
141
4
10
714
3
13
76
942
67
167
7,733
348
597
2,004
748
404
341
264
2,005
169
320
263
258
11
5,349
276
263
2,149
1,428
55
1,178
5,043
154
212
44
163
127
5
34
163
10
93
800
242
74
29
133
1,292
926
Percent
women
26.9
26.4
15.5
40.4
21.9
63.6
53.3
55.7
20.7
56.9
41.5
58.0
56.4
67.0
65.8
71.5
65.7
54.1
20.9
86.4
40.4
40.6
5.0
32.2
89.8
3.5
5.3
78.1
46.0
72.3
66.3
49.1
39.6
18.6
90.4
84.5
22.2
72.3
95.0
85.2
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Percent
women
Recreation and fitness workers................................................................................................
Residential advisors.................................................................................................................
Personal care and service workers, all other…………………………………………………………
369
71
103
65.0
68.1
54.5
Sales and office occupations..............................................................................................................
Sales and related occupations........................................................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers............................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of nonretail sales workers......................................................
Cashiers...................................................................................................................................
Counter and rental clerks.........................................................................................................
Parts salespersons...................................................................................................................
Retail salespersons..................................................................................................................
Advertising sales agents...........................................................................................................
Insurance sales agents.............................................................................................................
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents...................................................
Travel agents............................................................................................................................
Sales representatives, services, all other.................................................................................
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing...............................................................
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters.......................................................................
Real estate brokers and sales agents......................................................................................
Sales engineers…………………………………………………………………………………………
Telemarketers..........................................................................................................................
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers.............................
Sales and related workers, all other…………………………………………………………………
Office and administrative support occupations................................................................................
First-line
First line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers..........................
Switchboard operators, including answering service………………………………………………
Telephone operators…………………………………………………………………………………..
Communications equipment operators, all other……………………………………………………
Bill and account collectors........................................................................................................
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators.....................................................................
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks..........................................................................
Gaming cage workers…………………………………………………………………………………
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.................................................................................................
Procurement clerks…………………………………………………………………………………….
Tellers......................................................................................................................................
Brokerage clerks…………………………………………………………………………………………
Correspondence clerks……………………………………………………………………………….
Court, municipal, and license clerks.........................................................................................
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks………………………………………………………………
Customer service representatives............................................................................................
Eligibility interviewers, government programs...........................................................................
File clerks.................................................................................................................................
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks.........................................................................................
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan.....................................................................................
Library assistants, clerical........................................................................................................
Loan interviewers and clerks....................................................................................................
New accounts clerks……………………………………………………………………………………
Order clerks..............................................................................................................................
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping……………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks........................................................................................
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks.................................................
33,787
15,641
3,311
1,291
3,056
142
102
3,182
209
548
329
72
514
1,317
63
860
29
122
217
277
18,146
1,632
47
41
15
195
481
1,306
8
150
24
432
4
8
105
48
1,862
63
324
143
145
129
113
25
102
44
1,277
111
63.0
49.6
44.1
28.0
74.4
48.5
13.2
51.8
49.6
46.3
27.9
79.7
33.4
27.4
78.0
54.6
66.7
64.0
56.0
74.5
71.3
68.6
89.9
92.2
86.7
87.0
73.6
67.9
86.7
81.8
65.5
81.2
84.2
81.0
63.8
91.5
57.9
See note at end of table.
33
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Percent
women
Information and record clerks, all other………………………………………………………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………………………………………………………
Couriers and messengers........................................................................................................
Dispatchers..............................................................................................................................
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………………………………………………………
Postal service clerks.................................................................................................................
Postal service mail carriers......................................................................................................
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators............................
Production, planning, and expediting clerks..............................................................................
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks.......................................................................................
Stock clerks and order fillers....................................................................................................
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping...............................................
Secretaries and administrative assistants................................................................................
Computer operators..................................................................................................................
Data entry keyers.....................................................................................................................
Word processors and typists....................................................................................................
Desktop publishers………………………………………………………………………………………
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks.........................................................................
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service................................................
Office clerks, general................................................................................................................
Office machine operators, except computer.............................................................................
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………………………………………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………………………………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all other…………………………………………………
109
21
255
278
45
154
355
72
281
483
1,397
61
3,176
115
375
163
7
252
104
1,002
41
11
21
533
87.0
17.5
55.7
49.6
35.0
43.9
54.1
33.8
36.4
48.1
96.8
52.3
79.1
92.2
82.7
50.0
81.9
76.0
Natural resources
resources, construction
construction, and maintenance occupations
occupations.........................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations......................................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers………………………
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………………………………………………………
Animal breeders…………………………………………………………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products...............................................................................
Miscellaneous agricultural workers……………………………………………………………………
Fishers and related fishing workers……………………………………………………………………
Hunters and trappers……………………………………………………………………………………
Forest and conservation workers………………………………………………………………………
Logging workers.......................................................................................................................
Construction and extraction occupations.........................................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers........................
Boilermakers……………………………………………………………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons........................................................................
Carpenters...............................................................................................................................
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers............................................................................
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers......................................................
Construction laborers...............................................................................................................
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators……………………………………………………………………………………
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators............................................
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers...................................................................
Electricians...............................................................................................................................
Glaziers....................................................................................................................................
Insulation workers....................................................................................................................
Painters, construction and maintenance...................................................................................
13,323
13
323
926
49
17
6
70
681
31
2
11
59
7,439
735
22
151
1,264
223
74
1,427
19
2
377
170
776
46
36
522
44
4.4
20.5
65.4
18.6
.7
2.6
3.7
.1
1.6
2.3
.6
2.7
1.5
2.2
2.2
6.9
See note at end of table.
34
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Paperhangers……………………………………………………………………………………………
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters...................................................................
Plasterers and stucco masons.................................................................................................
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers………………………………………………………………….
Roofers.....................................................................................................................................
Sheet metal workers.................................................................................................................
Structural iron and steel workers..............................................................................................
Helpers, construction trades.....................................................................................................
Construction and building inspectors........................................................................................
Elevator installers and repairers………………………………………………………………………
Fence erectors……………………………………………………………………………………………
Hazardous materials removal workers………………………………………………………………
Highway maintenance workers.................................................................................................
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators……………………………………………
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners………………………………………………………
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……………………………………………………
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining………………………………
Earth drillers, except oil and gas………………………………………………………………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters……………………………………
Mining machine operators………………………………………………………………………………
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………………………………………………………
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………………………………………………………
Helpers—extraction workers……………………………………………………………………………
Other extraction workers………………………………………………………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations...........................................................................
First line supervisors/managers of mechanics
First-line
mechanics, installers
installers, and repairers
repairers...................................
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers.......................................................
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers..........................................
Avionics technicians……………………………………………………………………………………
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……………………………………………………
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment……………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility……………………………………………
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles……………………………………
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers...........................................
Security and fire alarm systems installers................................................................................
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians..............................................................................
Automotive body and related repairers.....................................................................................
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………………………………………………………
Automotive service technicians and mechanics........................................................................
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists...........................................................
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics................................
Small engine mechanics...........................................................................................................
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers……………
Control and valve installers and repairers……………………………………………………………
Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers.......................................
Home appliance repairers........................................................................................................
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics........................................................................
Maintenance and repair workers, general.................................................................................
Maintenance workers, machinery.............................................................................................
Millwrights................................................................................................................................
Electrical power-line installers and repairers............................................................................
See note at end of table.
35
6
536
39
11
216
132
63
64
99
33
31
32
108
12
8
40
30
15
11
54
5
6
6
40
4,957
342
329
179
14
34
7
13
23
64
71
142
163
24
799
330
223
58
91
25
376
49
418
415
34
54
126
Percent
women
1.3
.5
2.5
3.7
3.7
6.3
2.3
2.0
4.2
87
8.7
13.0
8.3
7.0
3.5
3.8
1.5
1.8
.8
1.6
.5
2.4
.7
3.5
2.6
2.9
1.3
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Percent
women
Telecommunications line installers and repairers.....................................................................
Precision instrument and equipment repairers..........................................................................
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers.............................................
Commercial divers………………………………………………………………………………………
Locksmiths and safe repairers…………………………………………………………………………
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…………………………………………………
Riggers……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Signal and track switch repairers………………………………………………………………………
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair workers……………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers…………………………………………………
183
55
41
5
32
7
7
7
21
195
3.7
14.2
8.8
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations.............................................................
Production occupations...................................................................................................................
First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers......................................
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers……………………………………
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers.......................................................
Engine and other machine assemblers………………………………………………………………
Structural metal fabricators and fitters…………………………………………………………………
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators……………………………………………………………
Bakers......................................................................................................................................
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers................................................
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders…………………
Food batchmakers....................................................................................................................
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………………………………………………………
Computer control programmers and operators.........................................................................
Extruding and drawing machine setters
setters, operators
operators, and tenders
tenders, metal and plastic
plastic……………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………………………………
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic........
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic……………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic...................................................................................................................
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………
Machinists................................................................................................................................
Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders………………………………………………………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic....................
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………………
Tool and die makers.................................................................................................................
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers..................................................................................
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic……………………………………………………………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………………………………………………………
Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other…………………………………………………………
Bookbinders and bindery workers……………………………………………………………………
Job printers………………………………………………………………………………………………
Prepress technicians and workers............................................................................................
Printing machine operators.......................................................................................................
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers............................................................................................
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials......................................................................
15,951
7,654
739
23
147
18
21
845
193
302
15
87
9
64
5
9
9
81
4
21.4
28.1
18.1
59.4
35.2
56.0
22.8
50.0
9.8
25.1
-
48
16
3
372
19
6
40
8
54
459
5
6
13
6
284
25
50
44
155
192
55
5.4
.8
4.0
20.8
26.0
21.9
57.3
67.2
See note at end of table.
36
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Sewing machine operators.......................................................................................................
Shoe and leather workers and repairers………………………………………………………………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………………………………………………………..
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers............................................................................................
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………………………………
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders……………
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………………………………………………………
Upholsterers.............................................................................................................................
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…………………………………………………
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters......................................................................................
Furniture finishers………………………………………………………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood...........................................................
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing…………………………
Woodworkers, all other…………………………………………………………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers………………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators................................................................................
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators.................................................
Miscellaneous plant and system operators……………………………………………………………
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………………………
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers.....................................................
Cutting workers........................................................................................................................
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders………
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders………………………………………
I
Inspectors,
t
testers,
t t
sorters,
t
samplers,
l
and
d weighers................................................................
i h
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers……………………………………………………
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians............................................................
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders...............................................................
Painting workers.......................................................................................................................
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators..........................................
Semiconductor processors……………………………………………………………………………
Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders……………………………………………
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders…………………………
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders……………………………………………
Etchers and engravers…………………………………………………………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic……………………………………………
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders………………………………………………
Tire builders………………………………………………………………………………………………
Helpers—production workers…………………………………………………………………………
Production workers, all other……………………………………………………………………………
Transportation and material moving occupations............................................................................
Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers........................................................
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers.............................................................................................
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists……………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians……………………
Bus drivers...............................................................................................................................
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers......................................................................................
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs......................................................................................................
Motor vehicle operators, all other………………………………………………………………………
See note at end of table.
37
197
6
6
74
3
7
8
16
2
47
14
50
13
27
27
29
41
98
72
38
48
108
81
33
10
612
39
96
237
153
54
3
11
5
3
11
38
40
18
40
807
8,297
221
126
40
13
655
3,151
377
61
Percent
women
72.9
76.3
3.7
2.7
5.8
13.1
25.6
34.0
34 0
51.8
54.7
10.4
65.2
25.1
15.3
22.6
1.3
51.5
5.2
14.6
5.9
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Locomotive engineers and operators........................................................................................
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators…………………………………………………………
Railroad conductors and yardmasters......................................................................................
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers……………………………………………
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………………………………………………………
Ship and boat captains and operators…………………………………………………………………
Ship engineers……………………………………………………………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders…………………………………………………………………………………
Parking lot attendants...............................................................................................................
Service station attendants........................................................................................................
Transportation inspectors………………………………………………………………………………
Other transportation workers……………………………………………………………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders..............................................................................................
Crane and tower operators.......................................................................................................
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators................................................................
Hoist and winch operators………………………………………………………………………………
Industrial truck and tractor operators........................................................................................
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment.........................................................................................
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand...........................................................
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………………………………………………………
Packers and packagers, hand..................................................................................................
Pumping station operators………………………………………………………………………………
Refuse and recyclable material collectors................................................................................
Shuttle car operators……………………………………………………………………………………
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders………………………………………………………………………
Material moving workers, all other……………………………………………………………………
NOTE: Dash indicates data not shown for occupations where employment base is less than 50,000.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
38
57
5
50
11
21
35
7
4
84
89
54
15
10
61
50
4
507
316
1,707
29
378
22
83
3
4
46
Percent
women
2.2
5.9
11.8
13.0
8.6
1.1
6.0
6.9
11.2
17.2
56.4
5.8
-
Table 12. Employed women by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
Occupation
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)……………..………………
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
53,366
8,208
3,084
8,007
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations ....................
41.4
33.7
47.4
24.6
Management, business, and financial operations occupations ..
14.4
10.5
15.2
9.1
Professional and related occupations ........................................
27.0
23.2
32.2
15.5
Service occupations .......................................................................
20.1
28.5
20.7
32.4
Sales and office occupations .........................................................
32.7
30.8
25.0
31.6
Sales and related occupations ...................................................
11.8
11.1
11.1
12.1
Office and administrative support occupations ...........................
20.9
19.7
13.9
19.5
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...
.9
.8
.4
1.6
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................................
.3
.1
.1
1.0
Percent……………………………………………………..…………
Construction and extraction occupations ....................................
.3
.2
.1
.3
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .....................
.3
.4
.2
.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......
4.9
6.2
6.4
9.8
Production occupations ..............................................................
3.1
3.6
5.5
6.5
Transportation and material moving occupations .......................
1.9
2.6
1.0
3.3
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
39
Table 13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2008 and 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Industry and sex
2008
2009
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………
145,362
100.0
139,877
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ..................................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ............................
Construction ...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods .........................................................................
Nondurable goods ...................................................................
Wholesale and retail trade .........................................................
Wholesale trade .......................................................................
Retail trade ..............................................................................
Transportation and utilities .........................................................
Transportation and warehousing .............................................
Utilities .....................................................................................
Information .................................................................................
Financial activities ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ............................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..........................................
Professional and business services ...........................................
Professional and technical services .........................................
Management, administrative, and waste services....................
Education and health services ...................................................
Educational services ................................................................
Health care and social assistance ...........................................
Hospitals ................................................................................
Health services, except hospitals ..........................................
Social assistance ...................................................................
Leisure and hospitality ...............................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .........................................
Accommodation and food services ..........................................
Other services ............................................................................
Other services, except private households ..............................
Private households ..................................................................
Public administration ..................................................................
2,168
819
10,974
15,904
10,273
5,631
20,585
4,052
16,533
7,727
6,501
1,225
3,481
10,228
7,279
2,949
15,540
9,362
6,178
31,402
13,169
18,233
6,241
8,865
3,127
12,767
2,972
9,795
7,005
6,200
805
6,763
1.5
.6
7.5
10.9
7.1
3.9
14.2
2.8
11.4
5.3
4.5
.8
2.4
7.0
5.0
2.0
10.7
6.4
4.3
21.6
9.1
12.5
4.3
6.1
2.2
8.8
2.0
6.7
4.8
4.3
.6
4.7
2,103
707
9,702
14,202
8,927
5,275
19,684
3,808
15,877
7,245
6,012
1,233
3,239
9,622
6,826
2,796
15,008
9,159
5,849
31,819
13,188
18,632
6,265
9,213
3,154
12,736
3,018
9,717
6,935
6,152
783
6,875
1.5
.5
6.9
10.2
6.4
3.8
14.1
2.7
11.4
5.2
4.3
.9
2.3
6.9
4.9
2.0
10.7
6.5
4.2
22.7
9.4
13.3
4.5
6.6
2.3
9.1
2.2
6.9
5.0
4.4
.6
4.9
Total, both sexes
40
Table 13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2008 and 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Industry and sex
2008
2009
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………
67,876
100.0
66,208
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ..................................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ............................
Construction ...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods .........................................................................
Nondurable goods ...................................................................
Wholesale and retail trade .........................................................
Wholesale trade .......................................................................
Retail trade ..............................................................................
Transportation and utilities .........................................................
Transportation and warehousing .............................................
Utilities .....................................................................................
Information .................................................................................
Financial activities ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ............................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..........................................
Professional and business services ...........................................
Professional and technical services .........................................
Management, administrative, and waste services....................
Education and health services ...................................................
Educational services ................................................................
Health care and social assistance ...........................................
Hospitals ................................................................................
Health services, except hospitals ..........................................
Social assistance ...................................................................
Leisure and hospitality ...............................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .........................................
Accommodation and food services ..........................................
Other services ............................................................................
Other services, except private households ..............................
Private households ..................................................................
Public administration ..................................................................
518
105
1,069
4,655
2,624
2,030
9,257
1,196
8,062
1,786
1,547
239
1,449
5,605
4,223
1,382
6,584
4,130
2,453
23,603
9,174
14,429
4,790
6,965
2,674
6,575
1,372
5,203
3,615
2,881
735
3,056
.8
.2
1.6
6.9
3.9
3.0
13.6
1.8
11.9
2.6
2.3
.4
2.1
8.3
6.2
2.0
9.7
6.1
3.6
34.8
13.5
21.3
7.1
10.3
3.9
9.7
2.0
7.7
5.3
4.2
1.1
4.5
496
94
919
4,069
2,204
1,865
8,918
1,109
7,809
1,662
1,424
238
1,360
5,196
3,924
1,272
6,264
4,009
2,256
23,925
9,147
14,778
4,827
7,268
2,682
6,562
1,398
5,165
3,613
2,904
709
3,129
.7
.1
1.4
6.1
3.3
2.8
13.5
1.7
11.8
2.5
2.2
.4
2.1
7.8
5.9
1.9
9.5
6.1
3.4
36.1
13.8
22.3
7.3
11.0
4.1
9.9
2.1
7.8
5.5
4.4
1.1
4.7
Women
41
Table 13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2008 and 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Industry and sex
2008
2009
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………
77,486
100.0
73,670
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ..................................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ............................
Construction ...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods .........................................................................
Nondurable goods ...................................................................
Wholesale and retail trade .........................................................
Wholesale trade .......................................................................
Retail trade ..............................................................................
Transportation and utilities .........................................................
Transportation and warehousing .............................................
Utilities .....................................................................................
Information .................................................................................
Financial activities ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ............................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..........................................
Professional and business services ...........................................
Professional and technical services .........................................
Management, administrative, and waste services....................
Education and health services ...................................................
Educational services ................................................................
Health care and social assistance ...........................................
Hospitals ................................................................................
Health services, except hospitals ..........................................
Social assistance ...................................................................
Leisure and hospitality ...............................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .........................................
Accommodation and food services ..........................................
Other services ............................................................................
Other services, except private households ..............................
Private households ..................................................................
Public administration ..................................................................
1,650
714
9,905
11,249
7,649
3,601
11,327
2,856
8,471
5,940
4,954
987
2,032
4,623
3,056
1,567
8,957
5,232
3,725
7,799
3,994
3,805
1,451
1,900
453
6,192
1,600
4,592
3,390
3,319
70
3,707
2.1
.9
12.8
14.5
9.9
4.6
14.6
3.7
10.9
7.7
6.4
1.3
2.6
6.0
3.9
2.0
11.6
6.8
4.8
10.1
5.2
4.9
1.9
2.5
.6
8.0
2.1
5.9
4.4
4.3
.1
4.8
1,607
613
8,782
10,133
6,724
3,409
10,766
2,698
8,068
5,583
4,588
995
1,879
4,426
2,902
1,524
8,744
5,151
3,593
7,895
4,041
3,854
1,438
1,944
472
6,173
1,620
4,553
3,322
3,248
74
3,746
2.2
.8
11.9
13.8
9.1
4.6
14.6
3.7
11.0
7.6
6.2
1.4
2.6
6.0
3.9
2.1
11.9
7.0
4.9
10.7
5.5
5.2
2.0
2.6
.6
8.4
2.2
6.2
4.5
4.4
.1
5.1
Men
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
42
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
139,877
47.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting........................................................................
Crop production.......................................................................................................
Animal production....................................................................................................
Forestry, except logging...........................................................................................
Logging....................................................................................................................
Fishing, hunting, and trapping..................................................................................
Support activities for agriculture and forestry...........................................................
2,103
916
867
48
90
43
139
23.6
23.8
23.6
2.3
37.2
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................................................
Oil and gas extraction..............................................................................................
Coal mining..............................................................................................................
Metal ore mining......................................................................................................
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying...............................................................
Not specified type of mining.....................................................................................
Support activities for mining.....................................................................................
707
70
96
40
89
6
407
13.3
22.2
5.8
13.9
13.8
Construction...................................................................................................................
9,702
9.5
Manufacturing.................................................................................................................
Durable goods.............................................................................................................
Nonmetallic mineral products...................................................................................
Pottery, ceramics, and related product manufacturing..........................................
Structural clay product manufacturing..................................................................
Glass and glass products.....................................................................................
Cement, concrete, lime, and gypsum products.....................................................
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing...................................
Primary metals and fabricated metal products.........................................................
Iron and steel mills and steel products..................................................................
Aluminum production and processing...................................................................
Nonferrous metal, except aluminum, production and processing..........................
Foundries.............................................................................................................
Metal forgings and stampings...............................................................................
Cutlery and hand tools..........................................................................................
Structural metals and tanks and shipping containers............................................
Machine shops; turned products; screws, nuts, and bolts.....................................
Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities...........................................
Ordnance..............................................................................................................
Miscellaneous fabricated metal product manufacturing........................................
Not specified metal industries...............................................................................
Machinery manufacturing.........................................................................................
Agricultural implements........................................................................................
Construction, mining, and oil field machinery........................................................
Commercial and service industry machinery........................................................
Metalworking machinery.......................................................................................
Engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment.........................................
Machinery manufacturing, n.e.c............................................................................
Not specified machinery manufacturing................................................................
Computers and electronic products..........................................................................
Computer and peripheral equipment.....................................................................
Communications, audio, and video equipment......................................................
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments........................
Electronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c......................................
14,202
8,927
490
31
34
154
186
86
1,550
284
61
48
68
40
34
343
271
79
37
269
16
1,179
101
150
108
150
60
605
5
1,266
300
164
196
606
28.7
24.7
19.2
27.7
13.7
14.7
16.9
12.3
13.9
9.8
16.2
11.7
23.2
25.5
21.1
28.7
14.4
33.6
12.3
18.9
21.6
31.7
30.3
29.1
29.8
33.8
Total, 16 years and over……………………...………………………………………………
See note at end of table.
43
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Electrical equipment and appliances........................................................................
Household appliances..........................................................................................
Electrical lighting, equipment, and supplies manufacturing, n.e.c.........................
Transportation equipment........................................................................................
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment........................................................
Aircraft and parts..................................................................................................
Aerospace products and parts..............................................................................
Railroad rolling stock manufacturing.....................................................................
Ship and boat building..........................................................................................
Other transportation equipment manufacturing.....................................................
Wood products.........................................................................................................
Sawmills and wood preservation..........................................................................
Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products................................................
Prefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes..................................................
Miscellaneous wood products...............................................................................
Furniture and related products manufacturing......................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing...................................................................................
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing...................................................
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods manufacturing..........................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c......................................................................
Not specified manufacturing industries.................................................................
397
63
335
1,952
913
411
425
25
143
36
412
112
33
35
231
469
1,211
529
128
394
160
28.6
33.7
27.6
21.7
21.7
20.1
26.3
16.0
18.2
9.5
23.2
25.4
38.5
43.1
26.2
38.0
34.4
Nondurable goods.......................................................................................................
Food manufacturing.................................................................................................
Animal food, grain, and oilseed milling..................................................................
Sugar and confectionery products........................................................................
g
p
g and specialty
p
y foods..............................................
Fruit and vegetable
preserving
Dairy products......................................................................................................
Animal slaughtering and processing.....................................................................
Retail bakeries......................................................................................................
Bakeries, except retail..........................................................................................
Seafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.....................................................
Not specified food industries.................................................................................
Beverages and tobacco products.............................................................................
Beverages manufacturing.....................................................................................
Tobacco manufacturing........................................................................................
Textiles, apparel, and leather...................................................................................
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills.................................................................................
Fabric mills, except knitting...................................................................................
Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills.........................................................
Carpet and rug mills.............................................................................................
Textile product mills, except carpets and rugs......................................................
Knitting mills.........................................................................................................
Cut and sew apparel.............................................................................................
Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing.........................................
Footwear manufacturing.......................................................................................
Leather tanning and products, except footwear manufacturing.............................
Paper and printing....................................................................................................
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills........................................................................
Paperboard containers and boxes........................................................................
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products................................................................
Printing and related support activities...................................................................
Petroleum and coal products...................................................................................
Petroleum refining................................................................................................
5,275
1,579
127
78
186
153
466
188
194
160
26
257
223
34
619
20
105
29
45
101
18
241
8
27
24
949
188
129
63
569
196
181
35.4
36.3
22.0
46.0
37.4
25.7
32.4
56.7
35.0
40.5
26.0
25.9
56.4
44.5
60.5
67.3
29.0
14.4
21.8
43.2
33.9
22.1
22.9
See note at end of table.
44
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products.........................................................
Chemicals................................................................................................................
Resins, synthetic rubber and fibers, and filaments................................................
Agricultural chemical manufacturing.....................................................................
Pharmaceuticals and medicines...........................................................................
Paints, coatings, and adhesives...........................................................................
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and cosmetics........................................................
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals................................................................
Plastics and rubber products....................................................................................
Plastics product manufacturing.............................................................................
Tire manufacturing................................................................................................
Rubber product, except tire, manufacturing..........................................................
15
1,227
178
30
462
50
133
375
448
315
65
68
35.3
28.7
47.5
31.2
51.9
19.5
27.9
29.8
15.2
31.7
Wholesale and retail trade..............................................................................................
Wholesale trade..........................................................................................................
Motor vehicles, parts and supplies, merchant wholesalers......................................
Furniture and home furnishings, merchant wholesalers...........................................
Lumber and other construction materials, merchant wholesalers.............................
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies, merchant wholesalers........
Metals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers...............................
Electrical goods, merchant wholesalers...................................................................
Hardware, plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers..
Machinery, equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers...................................
Recyclable materials, merchant wholesalers...........................................................
Miscellaneous durable goods, merchant wholesalers..............................................
Paper and paper products, merchant wholesalers...................................................
g , sundries,, and chemical and allied p
Drugs,
products,, merchant wholesalers..............
Apparel, fabrics, and notions, merchant wholesalers...............................................
Groceries and related products, merchant wholesalers...........................................
Farm product raw materials, merchant wholesalers.................................................
Petroleum and petroleum products, merchant wholesalers......................................
Alcoholic beverages, merchant wholesalers............................................................
Farm supplies, merchant wholesalers......................................................................
Miscellaneous nondurable goods, merchant wholesalers........................................
Wholesale electronic markets, agents and brokers..................................................
Not specified wholesale trade..................................................................................
19,684
3,808
187
76
194
342
64
208
137
391
100
120
71
232
135
830
68
168
146
39
166
75
57
45.3
29.1
22.3
31.2
22.6
34.6
22.9
29.5
26.8
24.0
16.2
39.4
41.7
44.3
45.8
24.6
25.0
31.6
16.3
38.3
37.7
30.5
Retail trade..................................................................................................................
Automobile dealers..................................................................................................
Other motor vehicle dealers.....................................................................................
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores...................................................................
Furniture and home furnishings stores.....................................................................
Household appliance stores.....................................................................................
Radio, TV, and computer stores..............................................................................
Building material and supplies dealers.....................................................................
Hardware stores......................................................................................................
Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores....................................................
Grocery stores.........................................................................................................
Specialty food stores................................................................................................
Beer, wine, and liquor stores....................................................................................
Pharmacies and drug stores....................................................................................
Health and personal care, except drug, stores.........................................................
Gasoline stations.....................................................................................................
Clothing and accessories, except shoe, stores........................................................
15,877
1,170
136
479
513
83
504
913
223
273
2,710
240
133
819
310
504
953
49.2
18.4
21.4
15.2
42.0
27.6
31.7
29.7
33.0
34.5
49.6
46.2
28.0
65.1
67.4
52.5
77.2
See note at end of table.
45
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Shoe stores..............................................................................................................
Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores.............................................................
Sporting goods, camera, and hobby and toy stores.................................................
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores..........................................................
Music stores............................................................................................................
Book stores and news dealers.................................................................................
Department stores and discount stores....................................................................
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores.............................................................
Retail florists............................................................................................................
Office supplies and stationery stores.......................................................................
Used merchandise stores........................................................................................
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops.............................................................................
Miscellaneous retail stores.......................................................................................
Electronic shopping..................................................................................................
Electronic auctions...................................................................................................
Mail order houses....................................................................................................
Vending machine operators.....................................................................................
Fuel dealers.............................................................................................................
Other direct selling establishments..........................................................................
Not specified retail trade..........................................................................................
139
178
455
66
81
169
2,411
485
110
189
211
179
386
107
16
81
52
110
234
254
62.7
67.9
45.9
71.1
31.7
62.1
60.4
59.0
72.0
37.2
63.0
77.3
56.3
47.7
60.4
25.4
24.3
70.1
52.2
Transportation and utilities..............................................................................................
Transportation and warehousing.................................................................................
Air transportation.....................................................................................................
Rail transportation....................................................................................................
Water transportation................................................................................................
p
Truck transportation.................................................................................................
Bus service and urban transit...................................................................................
Taxi and limousine service.......................................................................................
Pipeline transportation.............................................................................................
Scenic and sightseeing transportation.....................................................................
Services incidental to transportation........................................................................
Postal Service..........................................................................................................
Couriers and messengers........................................................................................
Warehousing and storage........................................................................................
7,245
6,012
534
266
84
,
1,729
522
277
56
43
746
768
660
328
22.9
23.7
37.3
5.6
27.4
12.6
40.8
12.6
16.2
24.5
39.2
18.3
28.5
Utilities........................................................................................................................
Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution.........................................
Natural gas distribution............................................................................................
Electric and gas, and other combinations................................................................
Water, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems.............................................
Sewage treatment facilities......................................................................................
Not specified utilities................................................................................................
1,233
689
98
77
231
116
23
19.3
18.1
18.2
26.2
23.0
16.3
-
Information.....................................................................................................................
Newspaper publishers.............................................................................................
Periodical, book, and directory publishers................................................................
Software publishers…………...................................................................................
Motion pictures and video industries........................................................................
Sound recording industries......................................................................................
Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming.................
Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals..................................
Wired telecommunications carriers..........................................................................
Other telecommunications services.........................................................................
3,239
361
285
38
397
50
573
42
775
354
42.0
48.1
56.7
33.9
24.6
33.7
35.7
36.4
See note at end of table.
46
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Data processing, hosting, and related services........................................................
Libraries and archives..............................................................................................
Other information services.......................................................................................
97
229
39
51.4
78.2
-
Financial activities..........................................................................................................
Finance and insurance................................................................................................
Banking and related activities..................................................................................
Savings institutions, including credit unions.............................................................
Nondepository credit and related activities...............................................................
Securities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments...................
Insurance carriers and related activities...................................................................
9,622
6,826
2,036
271
787
1,296
2,436
54.0
57.5
63.8
76.3
55.2
38.4
61.0
Real estate and rental and leasing..............................................................................
Real estate...............................................................................................................
Rental and leasing services.....................................................................................
Automotive equipment rental and leasing.............................................................
Videotape and disk rental.....................................................................................
Other consumer goods rental...............................................................................
Commercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing.................
2,796
2,350
446
169
63
104
110
45.5
48.8
27.9
26.4
44.2
31.2
17.8
Professional and business services................................................................................
Professional and technical services............................................................................
Legal services..........................................................................................................
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services..............................
Architectural, engineering, and related services.......................................................
Specialized design services.....................................................................................
p
y
g and related services.......................................................
Computer
systems
design
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services......................................
Scientific research and development services.........................................................
Advertising and related services..............................................................................
Veterinary services..................................................................................................
Other professional, scientific, and technical services...............................................
15,008
9,159
1,659
1,014
1,493
350
1,860
,
1,126
534
498
271
353
41.7
43.8
55.5
62.7
26.3
60.7
25.1
42.9
46.8
47.3
81.5
53.6
Management, administrative, and waste services.......................................................
Management of companies and enterprises............................................................
Employment services...............................................................................................
Business support services.......................................................................................
Travel arrangement and reservation services..........................................................
Investigation and security services..........................................................................
Services to buildings and dwellings..........................................................................
Landscaping services..............................................................................................
Other administrative and other support services......................................................
Waste management and remediation services........................................................
5,849
62
819
785
247
782
1,297
1,180
242
434
38.6
66.0
58.2
60.0
60.7
23.2
52.5
7.5
43.3
14.3
Education and health services........................................................................................
Educational services...................................................................................................
Elementary and secondary schools.........................................................................
Colleges and universities, including junior colleges..................................................
Business, technical, and trade schools and training.................................................
Other schools, instruction, and educational services...............................................
31,819
13,188
8,884
3,539
83
682
75.2
69.4
75.3
54.6
59.9
69.4
Health care and social assistance...............................................................................
Hospitals..................................................................................................................
18,632
6,265
79.3
77.0
See note at end of table.
47
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Health services, except hospitals.............................................................................
Offices of physicians.............................................................................................
Offices of dentists.................................................................................................
Offices of chiropractors.........................................................................................
Offices of optometrists..........................................................................................
Offices of other health practitioners......................................................................
Outpatient care centers........................................................................................
Home health care services...................................................................................
Other health care services....................................................................................
Nursing care facilities...........................................................................................
Residential care facilities, without nursing............................................................
Social assistance.....................................................................................................
Individual and family services...............................................................................
Community food and housing, and emergency services.......................................
Vocational rehabilitation services..........................................................................
Child day care services.........................................................................................
9,213
1,555
801
136
117
220
1,102
967
1,747
1,869
699
3,154
1,358
118
153
1,524
78.9
76.0
82.3
62.1
78.3
79.0
76.3
89.0
71.1
86.5
74.0
85.0
78.1
68.5
57.2
95.3
Leisure and hospitality....................................................................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.............................................................................
Independent artists, performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries.........
Museums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions...............................
Bowling centers.......................................................................................................
Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries...........................................
12,736
3,018
792
377
52
1,798
51.5
46.3
42.4
49.0
36.2
47.7
Accommodation and food services..............................................................................
Accommodation.......................................................................................................
Traveler accommodation......................................................................................
Recreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses..........
Food services and drinking places...........................................................................
Restaurants and other food services....................................................................
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages....................................................................
9,717
1,430
,
1,334
95
8,288
8,035
253
53.1
58.6
59.1
51.9
52.2
52.2
52.0
Other services................................................................................................................
Other services, except private households..................................................................
Repair and maintenance..........................................................................................
Automotive repair and maintenance.....................................................................
Car washes..........................................................................................................
Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance................................
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance.....
Personal and household goods repair and maintenance......................................
Footwear and leather goods repair.......................................................................
Personal and laundry services.................................................................................
Barber shops........................................................................................................
Beauty salons.......................................................................................................
Nail salons and other personal care services.......................................................
Dry-cleaning and laundry services........................................................................
Funeral homes, cemeteries, and crematories.......................................................
Other personal services........................................................................................
Membership associations and organizations............................................................
Religious organizations.........................................................................................
Civic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services........
Labor unions.........................................................................................................
Business, professional, political, and similar organizations...................................
Private households......................................................................................................
6,935
6,152
2,022
1,215
189
174
260
179
5
2,248
94
987
393
351
121
303
1,882
1,076
584
64
158
783
52.1
47.2
12.2
9.6
15.9
15.4
8.5
27.8
71.4
21.5
89.3
77.6
55.0
33.5
54.8
55.9
50.2
66.7
40.8
61.1
90.6
See note at end of table.
48
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Public administration......................................................................................................
Executive offices and legislative bodies...................................................................
Public finance activities............................................................................................
Other general government and support....................................................................
Justice, public order, and safety activities................................................................
Administration of human resource programs............................................................
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs................................
Administration of economic programs and space research......................................
National security and international affairs................................................................
6,875
894
367
174
2,880
954
285
582
739
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified.
NOTE: Dash indicates data not shown for industries where employment base is less than 50,000.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
49
Percent women
45.5
55.1
68.0
35.8
35.0
70.7
42.8
43.9
35.8
Table 15. Employed women by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2009 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
White
Black or
African
American
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)……………..……
53,366
8,208
3,084
8,007
Percent……………………………………………………
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.9
0.1
0.3
1.0
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ....................
.2
.1
.1
.1
Construction ......................................................................
1.6
.6
.5
1.0
Manufacturing ....................................................................
6.2
4.8
8.9
8.5
Durable goods .................................................................
3.4
2.3
4.9
3.6
Nondurable goods ...........................................................
2.8
2.6
4.0
4.9
Wholesale and retail trade .................................................
13.8
11.5
13.3
14.5
Industry
Agriculture and related industries ......................................
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Wholesale trade ..............................................................
1.8
.8
1.8
1.8
Retail trade ......................................................................
12.0
10.7
11.4
12.7
Transportation and utilities ................................................
2.4
3.6
2.1
2.8
Transportation and warehousing .....................................
2.0
3.3
1.9
2.4
Utilities .............................................................................
.4
.3
.2
.4
Information .........................................................................
2.0
2.2
1.9
1.5
Financial activities .............................................................
8.1
6.7
7.0
6.5
Finance and insurance ....................................................
6.0
5.5
5.7
4.9
Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................
2.1
1.2
1.3
1.7
Professional and business services ..................................
9.7
97
7.5
75
10.2
10 2
9.4
94
Professional and technical services ................................
6.4
3.3
8.4
3.5
Management, administrative, and waste services............
3.3
4.2
1.8
5.9
Education and health services ...........................................
35.5
42.9
32.1
29.8
Educational services ........................................................
14.5
11.9
9.0
10.2
Health care and social assistance ...................................
21.0
31.0
23.1
19.7
Hospitals ........................................................................
6.8
9.7
9.8
5.0
Health services, except hospitals ..................................
10.4
14.9
10.2
10.1
Social assistance ...........................................................
3.7
6.3
3.1
4.6
Leisure and hospitality .......................................................
9.9
8.7
11.9
13.4
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .................................
2.2
1.4
2.6
1.8
Accommodation and food services ..................................
7.7
7.3
9.3
11.6
Other services ...................................................................
5.6
4.0
7.7
7.3
Other services, except private households ......................
4.4
3.3
6.9
4.0
Private households ..........................................................
1.2
.6
.8
3.3
Public administration .........................................................
4.3
7.5
4.0
4.0
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
50
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 1979–2009 annual averages
Total, both sexes
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
$241
$248
$199
-
$194
$182
$184
$169
-
$157
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…….
1984…….
1985………
1986 1……
1987…….
1988………
1989…….
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
269
291
310
320
336
356
371
384
395
409
212
235
245
261
269
277
291
301
314
319
-
209
223
240
250
259
270
277
285
290
298
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
203
221
242
254
268
281
294
307
318
334
185
206
217
232
241
252
264
276
288
301
-
172
190
203
215
223
230
241
251
260
269
1990 1……
1991…….
1992…….
1993…….
1994 1……
1995…….
1996…….
1997 1……
1998 1……
1999 1……
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
424
442
458
475
484
494
506
519
545
573
329
348
357
369
371
383
387
400
426
445
-
304
312
321
331
324
329
339
351
370
385
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
353
373
387
401
408
415
428
444
468
483
308
323
335
348
346
355
362
375
400
409
-
278
292
302
313
305
305
316
318
337
348
2000 1……
2001…….
2002…….
2003 1……
2004…….
2005……
2006…….
2007…….
2008 1……
2009 ……
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
590
610
623
636
657
672
690
716
742
757
474
491
498
514
525
520
554
569
589
601
399
417
424
440
456
471
486
503
529
541
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
502
522
547
567
584
596
609
626
654
669
429
454
473
491
505
499
519
533
554
582
Year
1979…….
Women
Asian
$615
639
658
693
708
753
784
830
861
880
See footnote at end of table.
51
Asian
$547
563
566
598
613
665
699
731
753
779
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
366
388
397
410
419
429
440
473
501
509
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 1979–2009 annual averages—Continued
Men
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
$292
$298
$227
-
$219
62.3
61.7
74.4
-
71.7
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…….
1984…….
1985………
1986 1……
1987…….
1988………
1989…….
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
320
350
375
387
401
418
433
450
465
482
244
268
278
294
303
305
319
327
348
348
-
234
251
269
274
287
296
299
306
308
315
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
63.4
63.1
64.5
65.6
66.8
67.2
67.9
68.2
68.4
69.3
75.8
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.5
82.6
82.8
84.4
82.8
86.5
-
73.5
75.7
75.5
78.5
77.7
77.7
80.6
82.0
84.4
85.4
1990 1……
1991…….
1992…….
1993…….
1994 1……
1995…….
1996…….
1997 1……
1998 1……
1999 1……
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
494
506
514
524
547
566
580
595
615
638
361
375
380
392
400
411
412
432
468
488
-
318
323
339
346
343
350
356
371
390
406
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
71.5
73.7
75.3
76.5
74.6
73.3
73.8
74.6
76.1
75.7
85.3
86.1
88.2
88.8
86.5
86.4
87.9
86.8
85.5
83.8
-
87.4
90.4
89.1
90.5
88.9
87.1
88.8
85.7
86.4
85.7
2000 1……
2001…….
2002…….
2003 1……
2004…….
2005……
2006…….
2007…….
2008 1……
2009 ……
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
662
689
702
715
732
743
761
788
825
845
510
529
524
555
569
559
591
600
620
621
417
440
451
464
480
489
505
520
559
569
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
75.8
75.8
77.9
79.3
79.8
80.2
80.0
79.4
79.3
79.2
84.1
85.8
90.3
88.5
88.8
89.3
87.8
88.8
89.4
93.7
Year
1979…….
Women's earnings as a percent of men's
Asian
$685
732
756
772
802
825
882
936
966
952
Asian
79.9
76.9
74.9
77.5
76.4
80.6
79.3
78.1
78.0
81.8
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
87.8
88.2
88.0
88.4
87.3
87.7
87.1
91.0
89.6
89.5
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual
changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability documentation provided
at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: Beginning in 2003, estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people
who selected this race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who
reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Data for 2000–02 are for the category
Asians and Pacific Islanders. Starting in 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. For more information, see the Historical
Comparability documentation. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
52
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and
salary workers 25 years of age and over by educational attainment
and sex, 2009 annual averages
Total employed
(in thousands)
Educational attainment and sex
Median weekly
earnings
Total, both sexes
Total……………….…………………………
Less than a high school diploma …………
High school graduate or more………….
High school graduates, no college………
Some college or associate's degree……
Some college, no degree…………….…
Associate's degree………………….……
Occupational program…………...……
Academic program…………….………
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree……………….………
Master's degree…………………...……
Professional degree…..……………..…
Doctoral degree…………...……………
90,863
7,289
83,574
25,377
25,117
15,468
9,648
4,340
5,308
33,080
21,271
8,654
1,677
1,478
$774
454
816
626
726
699
761
750
768
1,137
1,025
1,257
1,529
1,532
40,769
2,370
38,399
10,619
10 619
12,181
7,287
4,894
2,084
2,810
15,599
10,017
4,362
667
554
687
382
716
542
630
608
674
652
693
970
891
1,126
1,269
1,243
Women
Total……………………………..……………
Less than a high school diploma…………
High school graduate or more………….
High school graduates
graduates, no college
college………
Some college or associate's degree……
Some college, no degree…………….…
Associate's degree………………….……
Occupational program…………...……
Academic program…………….………
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree……………...………
Master's degree………………...………
Professional degree……………….……
Doctoral degree……………………..……
53
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and
salary workers 25 years of age and over by educational attainment
and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
Total employed
(in thousands)
Educational attainment and sex
Median weekly
earnings
Men
Total……………………….…………………
Less than a high school diploma…………
High school graduate or more………….
High school graduates, no college………
Some college or associate's degree……
Some college, no degree…………….…
Associate's degree………………….……
Occupational program…………...……
Academic program…………….………
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree………………….……
Master's degree……………...…………
Professional degree…………...………
Doctoral degree………………….………
50,094
4,919
45,175
14,758
12,936
8,181
4,754
2,256
2,498
17,481
11,255
4,293
1,011
923
$873
500
926
716
835
810
878
860
898
1,327
1,200
1,458
1,772
1,754
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
54
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and older……………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations……
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations……………………………………
Management occupations………………………………
Chief executives………………………………………
General and operations managers…………………
Legislators………………………………………………
Advertising and promotions managers………………
Marketing and sales managers………………………
Public relations managers……………………………
Administrative services managers……………………
Computer and information systems managers……
Financial managers……………………………………
Human resources managers…………………………
Industrial production managers………………………
Purchasing managers…………………………………
Transportation, storage, and
distribution managers………………………………
Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers………
Construction managers………………………………
Education administrators…………………………….
Engineering managers…………………………………
Food service managers
managers………………………………
Funeral directors……….………………………………
Gaming managers……………..………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………
Medical and health services managers………………
Natural sciences managers…………………………
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………
Property, real estate, and
community association managers……….. ………
Social and community service managers……………
Managers, all other……………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………
Agents and business managers of
artists, performers, and athletes……………………
Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products……
Wholesale and retail buyers,
except farm products…………………………………
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
farm products…………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………
Compliance officers, except agriculture,
construction, health and safety, and
transportation…………………………………………
Cost estimators…………………………………………
Human resources, training, and labor relations
specialists……………………………………………
Logisticians……………………………………………
Management analysts…………………………………
Meeting and convention planners……………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
99,820
39,080
$739
1,044
44,712
20,152
$657
907
55,108
18,928
$819
1,248
80.2
72.7
15,879
10,907
1,105
919
16
62
857
64
105
441
1,091
282
230
181
1,138
1,208
1,916
1,270
(1)
1,085
1,330
1,402
1,091
1,726
1,149
1,234
1,254
1,176
7,244
4,399
268
263
4
33
346
35
43
122
606
182
33
91
955
1,002
1,553
1,110
(1)
(1)
1,052
(1)
(1)
1,411
961
1,072
(1)
1,029
8,635
6,508
837
656
12
28
511
29
62
319
485
100
197
90
1,334
1,384
2,084
1,372
(1)
(1)
1,536
(1)
1,148
1,788
1,443
1,548
1,332
1,383
71.6
72.4
74.5
80.9
(²)
(²)
68.5
(²)
(²)
78.9
66.6
69.3
(²)
74.4
211
93
454
674
114
614
29
18
107
489
11
33
919
785
1,218
1,208
1,773
668
(1)
(1)
765
1,211
(1)
(1)
30
12
29
407
10
281
3
6
51
337
5
20
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,093
(1)
602
(1)
(1)
731
1,143
(1)
(1)
181
81
424
266
104
334
26
11
56
152
6
13
899
812
1,236
1,432
1,855
754
(1)
(1)
864
1,448
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
76.3
(²)
79 8
79.8
(²)
(²)
84.6
78.9
(²)
(²)
336
298
2,072
4,972
887
959
1,174
996
187
203
788
2,845
791
898
1,037
894
149
95
1,284
2,127
982
1,147
1,292
1,171
80.5
78.3
80.3
76.3
20
5
(1)
(1)
10
1
(1)
(1)
10
4
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
119
884
67
770
53
958
80.4
216
863
114
783
103
999
78.4
253
941
155
845
98
1,128
74.9
192
104
1,083
1,027
99
15
970
(1)
93
89
1,162
1,050
83.5
(²)
765
56
392
41
918
1,078
1,247
(1)
539
18
186
34
845
(1)
1,177
(1)
226
38
206
7
1,103
(1)
1,371
(1)
76.6
(²)
85.8
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
55
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Other business operations specialists………………
Accountants and auditors……………………………
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………
Budget analysts………………………………………
Credit analysts…………………………………………
Financial analysts………………………………………
Personal financial advisors……………………………
Insurance underwriters………………………………
Financial examiners……………………………………
Loan counselors and officers…………………………
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents……
Tax preparers…………………………………………
Financial specialists, all other…………………………
Professional and related occupations……………………
Computer and mathematical occupations……………
Computer scientists and systems analysts…………
Computer programmers………………………………
Computer software engineers…………………………
Computer support specialists…………………………
Database administrators………………………………
Network and computer systems administrators……
Network systems and data communications
analysts………………………………………………
Actuaries
Actuaries………………………………………………
Mathematicians…………………………………………
Operations research analysts…………………………
Statisticians……………………………………………
Miscellaneous mathematical
science occupations…………………………………
Architecture and engineering occupations……………
Architects, except naval………………………………
Surveyors, cartographers, and
photogrammetrists……………………………………
Aerospace engineers…………………………………
Agricultural engineers…………………………………
Biomedical engineers…………………………………
Chemical engineers……………………………………
Civil engineers…………………………………………
Computer hardware engineers………………………
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………
Environmental engineers………………………………
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……
Marine engineers and naval architects………………
Materials engineers……………………………………
Mechanical engineers…………………………………
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers……………………………
Nuclear engineers……………………………………
Petroleum engineers…………………………………
Engineers, all other……………………………………
Drafters…………………………………………………
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
297
1,403
59
56
25
73
306
89
7
321
72
51
51
23,201
3,151
663
431
902
361
97
199
$899
1,003
994
1,227
(1)
1,364
1,255
1,045
(1)
901
922
938
1,018
994
1,253
1,245
1,243
1,493
915
1,328
1,120
200
857
24
29
11
24
98
57
3
185
52
36
33
12,908
782
184
91
192
93
34
43
$808
902
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,088
987
(1)
754
912
(1)
(1)
880
1,149
1,167
1,182
1,311
857
(1)
(1)
97
546
35
27
14
49
208
32
3
137
20
15
18
10,293
2,369
479
340
710
267
63
156
$1,207
1,190
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,450
(1)
(1)
1,118
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,191
1,304
1,268
1,267
1,550
930
1,391
1,109
66.9
75.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
75.0
(²)
(²)
67.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
73.9
88.1
92.0
93.3
84.6
92.2
(²)
(²)
342
21
3
97
33
1,147
(1)
(1)
1,248
(1)
77
10
1
43
15
1,032
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
265
12
2
54
19
1,187
(1)
(1)
1,380
(1)
86.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
2
2,397
132
(1)
1,266
1,175
1
321
32
(1)
1,061
(1)
1
2,076
100
(1)
1,318
1,197
(²)
80.5
(²)
46
126
2
17
60
289
52
288
29
179
10
25
278
(1)
1,488
(1)
(1)
1,551
1,326
1,342
1,502
(1)
1,280
(1)
(1)
1,343
10
14
2
12
24
5
25
9
32
1
2
14
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
36
112
2
15
48
265
47
262
21
147
9
22
264
(1)
1,505
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,336
(1)
1,521
(1)
1,358
(1)
(1)
1,350
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
9
13
19
302
130
330
62
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,450
916
937
764
1
4
41
32
56
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
799
(1)
9
13
15
261
98
274
58
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,495
936
959
769
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
83.3
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
56
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Life, physical, and social science occupations………
Agricultural and food scientists………………………
Biological scientists……………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………
Medical scientists………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists…………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………
Physical scientists, all other…………………………
Economists……………………………………………
Market and survey researchers………………………
Psychologists…………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians…………
Biological technicians…………………………………
Chemical technicians…………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………
Other life, physical, and social science
technicians
technicians……………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………
Counselors………………………………………………
Social workers…………………………………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists……………………………………………
Clergy……………………………………………………
Directors, religious activities and education…………
Religious workers, all other……………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………
Secondary school teachers……………………………
Special education teachers……………………………
Other teachers and instructors………………………
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………
Librarians………………………………………………
Library technicians……………………………………
Teacher assistants……………………………………
Other education, training, and library workers………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations……………………………………………
Artists and related workers……………………………
Designers………………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
1,106
26
93
23
155
11
6
108
81
114
32
83
84
1
26
$1,059
(1)
1,120
(1)
1,102
(1)
(1)
1,205
1,158
1,422
(1)
1,097
1,145
(1)
(1)
481
6
38
7
87
3
1
29
24
38
5
41
56
1
9
$940
(1)
(1)
(1)
975
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,091
(1)
(1)
625
20
55
15
68
9
4
79
57
76
26
42
28
17
$1,190
(1)
1,158
(1)
1,388
(1)
(1)
1,303
1,238
1,587
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
79.0
(²)
(²)
(²)
70.2
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
29
30
20
50
13
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
767
(1)
(1)
18
15
9
19
6
-
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
-
12
15
11
31
7
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
121
1,913
551
627
736
783
761
787
69
1,162
376
496
740
741
750
774
52
751
175
131
723
897
797
864
102.4
102
4
82.6
94.1
89.6
291
356
47
40
1,217
653
64
309
191
6,426
873
496
2,444
1,106
334
310
33
144
26
596
63
712
935
(1)
(1)
1,200
1,757
1,101
846
845
887
1,169
612
918
978
970
796
(1)
886
(1)
472
1,002
188
49
27
25
681
239
28
268
146
4,728
428
487
1,986
603
284
194
18
113
21
546
48
680
(1)
(1)
(1)
985
1,449
(1)
845
791
836
1,030
614
891
940
967
723
(1)
875
(1)
474
(1)
103
307
19
16
536
414
36
41
44
1,698
446
8
458
503
50
116
15
30
6
51
14
826
976
(1)
(1)
1,741
1,934
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,068
1,342
(1)
1,040
1,028
990
959
(1)
(1)
(1)
453
(1)
82.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
56.6
74.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
78.3
76.8
(²)
85.7
91.4
97.7
75.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
104.6
(²)
1,416
64
454
888
1,085
836
600
17
219
775
(1)
730
816
47
235
960
(1)
956
80.7
(²)
76.4
See footnotes at end of table.
57
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Actors……………………………………………………
Producers and directors………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…
Dancers and choreographers…………………………
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
workers, all other……………………………………
Announcers……………………………………………
News analysts, reporters and correspondents……
Public relations specialists……………………………
Editors…………………………………………………
Technical writers………………………………………
Writers and authors……………………………………
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
and radio operators…………………………………
Photographers…………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
operators and editors…………………………………
Health care practitioner and technical occupations…
Chiropractors……………………………………………
Dentists…………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………
Optometrists
Optometrists……………………………………………
Pharmacists……………………………………………
Physicians and surgeons……………………………
Physician assistants……………………………………
Podiatrists………………………………………………
Registered nurses……………………………………
Audiologists……………………………………………
Occupational therapists………………………………
Physical therapists……………………………………
Radiation therapists……………………………………
Recreational therapists………………………………
Respiratory therapists…………………………………
Speech-language pathologists………………………
Therapists, all other……………………………………
Veterinarians……………………………………………
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…
Dental hygienists………………………………………
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner
support technicians…………………………………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
9
87
131
6
27
(1)
$1,070
826
(1)
(1)
3
36
21
5
8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6
51
110
2
19
(1)
$1,131
856
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
12
21
65
108
119
41
75
52
(1)
(1)
933
981
982
(1)
928
680
5
1
28
57
62
24
43
33
(1)
(1)
(1)
$922
923
(1)
(1)
(1)
7
20
37
51
57
18
32
19
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,044
992
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
88.3
93.0
(²)
(²)
(²)
61
57
928
670
5
29
(1)
(1)
56
27
954
(1)
(²)
(²)
27
5,575
10
39
66
6
214
615
72
9
2,129
10
71
114
15
17
95
88
73
35
(1)
970
(1)
(1)
759
(1)
1,841
1,738
1,499
(1)
1,039
(1)
1,146
1,166
(1)
(1)
943
1,153
832
(1)
4
4,153
3
22
55
2
92
211
39
2
1,931
7
58
68
9
15
58
86
56
20
(1)
924
(1)
(1)
770
(1)
1,475
1,228
(1)
(1)
1,035
(1)
1,155
1,104
(1)
(1)
935
1,148
786
(1)
24
1,422
7
17
11
3
122
404
33
7
197
2
13
46
6
3
36
2
17
15
(1)
1,184
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,954
1,914
(1)
(1)
1,090
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
78.0
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
75.5
64.2
(²)
(²)
95.0
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
6
301
52
271
137
(1)
829
956
921
696
4
217
49
192
37
(1)
791
(1)
893
(1)
2
85
2
78
101
(1)
925
(1)
1,018
717
(²)
85.5
(²)
87.7
(²)
340
502
592
710
264
459
560
702
76
43
733
(1)
76.4
(²)
95
36
614
(1)
84
24
607
(1)
11
13
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
112
642
75
645
38
(1)
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
58
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Other health care practitioners and technical
occupations……………………………………………
Service occupations…………………………………………
Health care support occupations………………………
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………
Occupational therapist assistants and aides………
Physical therapist assistants and aides……………
Massage therapists……………………………………
Dental assistants………………………………………
Medical assistants and other health care support
occupations……………………………………………
Protective service occupations…………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional
officers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of police and
detectives………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and
prevention workers……………………………………
Supervisors, protective service workers, all other…
Fire fighters……………………………………………
Fire inspectors…………………………………………
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………
Detectives and criminal investigators………………
Fish and game wardens
wardens………………………………
Parking enforcement workers…………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………
Transit and railroad police……………………………
Animal control workers………………………………
Private detectives and investigators…………………
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…
Crossing guards………………………………………
Lifeguards and other protective service workers……
Food preparation and serving related occupations……
Chefs and head cooks…………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of food
preparation and serving workers……………………
Cooks……………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………
Bartenders………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food…………………………………
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant…………………………
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers……………………………………
Dishwashers……………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop……………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other………………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
47
14,299
2,293
1,429
9
56
35
181
(1)
$470
472
438
(1)
667
(1)
533
14
7,187
2,038
1,258
7
44
27
175
(1)
$418
464
430
(1)
(1)
(1)
532
33
7,113
255
171
2
12
8
6
(1)
$524
544
519
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
79.8
85.3
82.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
583
2,705
507
747
527
544
504
599
56
2,161
579
798
87.0
75.1
54
924
15
(1)
39
(1)
(²)
100
1,165
12
(1)
88
1,169
(²)
51
78
265
17
424
129
5
7
677
4
11
65
745
18
56
3,809
290
1,345
742
987
(1)
688
1,076
(1)
(1)
951
(1)
(1)
747
507
(1)
394
398
527
4
17
12
112
33
2
99
4
31
173
9
22
1,821
45
(1)
(1)
(1)
623
(1)
(1)
805
(1)
(1)
462
(1)
(1)
378
(1)
48
61
253
17
312
96
5
4
578
4
7
35
572
9
33
1,988
244
(1)
828
982
(1)
726
1,073
(1)
(1)
971
(1)
(1)
(1)
520
(1)
(1)
416
565
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
85.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
82.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
88.8
(²)
(²)
90.9
(²)
439
1,203
311
197
456
389
376
494
249
441
161
100
435
371
367
418
190
762
150
97
495
400
385
560
87.9
92.8
95.3
74.6
154
350
99
347
54
357
97.2
63
777
77
333
383
378
43
509
43
(1)
363
(1)
20
268
35
(1)
419
(1)
(²)
86.6
(²)
128
110
384
334
66
18
400
(1)
62
92
360
339
111.1
(²)
55
379
44
(1)
11
(1)
(²)
6
(1)
4
(1)
2
(1)
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
59
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations……………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of
housekeeping and janitorial workers………………
First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping,
lawn service, and groundskeeping workers………
Janitors and building cleaners………………………
Maids and housekeeping cleaners…………………
Pest control workers……………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………
Personal care and service occupations………………
First-line supervisors/managers of gaming
workers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of personal
service workers………………………………………
Animal trainers…………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………
Gaming services workers……………………………
Motion picture projectionists…………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………
Funeral service workers………………………………
Barbers
Barbers…………………………………………………
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………
Transportation attendants……………………………
Child care workers……………………………………
Personal and home care aides………………………
Recreation and fitness workers………………………
Residential advisors……………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………
Sales and office occupations………………………………
Sales and related occupations…………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of retail
sales workers…………………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of nonretail
sales workers………………. ………………………
Cashiers…………………………………………………
Counter and rental clerks……………………………
Parts salespersons……………………………………
Retail salespersons……………………………………
Advertising sales agents………………………………
Insurance sales agents………………………………
Securities, commodities, and financial services
sales agents…………………………………………
Travel agents……………………………………………
Sales representatives, services, all other……………
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing…………………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
3,298
$444
1,161
$388
2,137
$488
79.5
174
575
64
453
111
645
70.2
95
1,505
762
45
717
2,193
727
473
377
(1)
437
440
4
399
664
1
29
1,622
(1)
401
371
(1)
(1)
415
91
1,105
98
43
688
572
740
494
444
(1)
435
546
(²)
81.2
83.6
(²)
(²)
76.0
86
637
39
(1)
47
(1)
(²)
64
14
67
87
2
8
619
(1)
438
631
(1)
(1)
39
8
41
46
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
24
6
26
41
1
6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
66
4
31
308
117
52
9
85
406
513
178
56
42
23,503
9,489
454
(1)
(1)
425
422
544
(1)
690
367
409
575
510
(1)
624
665
28
1
6
268
92
7
4
56
388
424
111
36
25
14,458
4,208
(1)
(1)
(1)
413
434
(1)
(1)
606
364
406
487
(1)
(1)
590
525
38
3
26
40
25
45
4
29
17
89
67
20
18
9,045
5,281
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
424
677
(1)
(1)
737
793
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
95.8
71.9
(²)
(²)
80.1
66.2
2,272
688
1,009
597
1,264
770
77.5
815
1,278
98
87
1,837
175
390
972
378
496
571
523
940
760
260
903
42
8
786
95
205
780
361
(1)
(1)
443
847
692
555
374
57
80
1,051
81
185
1,059
422
557
589
624
1,201
860
73.7
85.5
(²)
(²)
71.0
70.5
80.5
259
44
418
1,139
(1)
850
70
37
129
798
(1)
747
189
7
289
1,237
(1)
936
64.5
(²)
79.8
1,110
939
297
736
813
986
74.6
See footnotes at end of table.
60
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………
Sales engineers………………………………………
Telemarketers…………………………………………
Door-to-door salesworkers, news and street
vendors, and related workers………………………
Sales and related workers, all other…………………
Office and administrative support occupations………
First-line supervisors/managers of office and
administrative support workers……………………
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………
Telephone operators…………………………………
Communications equipment operators, all other……
Bill and account collectors……………………………
Billing and posting clerks and machine operators…
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………
Gaming cage workers…………………………………
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………
Procurement clerks……………………………………
Tellers……………………………………………………
Brokerage clerks………………………………………
Correspondence clerks………………………………
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………
Customer service representatives……………………
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………
File clerks………………………………………………
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………
Library assistants, clerical……………………………
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………
New accounts clerks…………………………………
Order clerks……………………………………………
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………………………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………
Postal service clerks…………………………………
Postal service mail carriers……………………………
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping…………………………………………
Secretaries and administrative assistants…………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
19
369
31
62
(1)
$820
(1)
417
16
199
3
41
(1)
$745
(1)
(1)
4
169
28
21
(1)
$939
(1)
(1)
(²)
79.3
(²)
(²)
44
180
14,014
(1)
765
612
15
94
10,249
(1)
726
602
29
86
3,765
(1)
828
657
(²)
87.7
91.6
1,451
740
1,000
705
451
837
84.2
37
37
12
184
406
869
9
122
20
317
5
5
90
45
1,495
61
210
102
96
47
98
25
88
(1)
(1)
(1)
572
582
633
(1)
656
(1)
480
(1)
(1)
711
(1)
592
787
583
422
596
(1)
645
(1)
567
32
28
9
131
363
782
7
108
9
276
5
4
66
39
997
53
179
63
81
42
82
19
57
(1)
(1)
(1)
563
579
627
(1)
648
(1)
477
(1)
(1)
705
(1)
587
757
581
408
608
(1)
625
(1)
595
5
9
4
53
42
87
2
14
11
41
1
24
7
498
8
31
39
15
5
16
5
32
(1)
(1)
(1)
590
(1)
671
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
617
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
95.4
(²)
93.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
95.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
37
843
(1)
517
27
778
(1)
516
9
64
(1)
537
(²)
96.1
88
90
18
185
243
40
149
330
697
679
(1)
683
657
(1)
904
936
46
80
5
28
133
4
73
98
(1)
681
(1)
(1)
614
(1)
904
908
42
10
13
157
110
36
75
232
(1)
(1)
(1)
719
747
(1)
905
944
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
82.2
(²)
99.9
96.2
75
241
398
936
930
717
534
483
29
125
122
327
(1)
644
525
479
46
116
276
609
(1)
928
538
485
(²)
69.4
97.6
98.8
49
2,425
(1)
620
24
2,349
(1)
619
25
77
(1)
666
(²)
92.9
See footnotes at end of table.
61
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Computer operators……………………………………
100
Data entry keyers………………………………………
282
Word processors and typists…………………………
130
Desktop publishers……………………………………
2
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks……
227
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service…………………………………
72
Office clerks, general…………………………………
723
Office machine operators, except computer…………
34
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………
5
Statistical assistants……………………………………
15
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………
444
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations…………………………………………… 10,216
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations……………
707
First-line supervisors/managers of farming,
fishing, and forestry workers…………………………
37
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………
18
Animal breeders………………………………………
1
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………
71
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………
515
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………
10
Hunters and trappers…………………………………
1
Forest and conservation workers……………………
16
Logging workers………………………………………
37
Construction and extraction occupations……………… 5,267
First-line supervisors/managers of
construction trades and extraction workers………
532
Boilermakers……………………………………………
23
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……
102
Carpenters………………………………………………
734
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………
118
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
terrazzo workers………………………………………
55
Construction laborers…………………………………
959
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
operators………………………………………………
13
Pile-driver operators……………………………………
4
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators…………………………………
319
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…
111
Electricians……………………………………………
644
Glaziers…………………………………………………
33
Insulation workers………………………………………
27
Painters, construction and maintenance……………
297
Paperhangers…………………………………………
2
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…
415
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………
20
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………
9
Roofers…………………………………………………
152
Sheet metal workers…………………………………
125
Structural iron and steel workers……………………
53
Helpers, construction trades…………………………
63
See footnotes at end of table.
62
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
$629
587
606
(1)
625
47
220
120
1
183
(1)
$568
604
(1)
620
54
62
10
1
44
$740
689
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
82.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
514
602
(1)
(1)
(1)
33
594
20
5
8
(1)
594
(1)
(1)
(1)
39
129
14
7
(1)
647
(1)
(1)
(²)
91.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
649
337
617
107
822
75.1
719
416
416
135
542
372
9,800
572
727
428
74.6
86.9
(1)
(1)
(1)
408
396
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
718
3
8
45
77
1
1
113
(1)
(1)
(1)
346
(1)
(1)
673
34
10
1
26
438
9
16
36
5,154
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
405
(1)
(1)
(1)
719
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
85.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
93.6
965
(1)
701
662
586
14
1
14
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
517
22
102
720
114
963
(1)
701
665
590
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
631
596
22
(1)
55
937
631
595
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
-
-
13
4
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
748
590
856
(1)
(1)
529
(1)
793
(1)
(1)
600
765
779
507
3
2
16
1
9
4
3
2
3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
315
109
628
33
26
288
2
411
20
9
152
121
50
60
750
592
858
(1)
(1)
524
(1)
795
(1)
(1)
600
765
779
520
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Construction and building inspectors………………
72
Elevator installers and repairers………………………
35
Fence erectors…………………………………………
22
Hazardous materials removal workers………………
27
Highway maintenance workers………………………
104
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
operators………………………………………………
12
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……
7
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……
29
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………
22
Earth drillers, except oil and gas……………………
15
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters……………………………………………
10
Mining machine operators……………………………
52
Roof bolters, mining……………………………………
5
Roustabouts, oil and gas………………………………
4
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………
6
Other extraction workers………………………………
37
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations…… 4,242
First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics,
installers, and repairers………………………………
318
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
repairers………………………………………………
282
Radio and telecommunications equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
155
Avionics technicians……………………………………
13
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……
28
Electrical and electronics installers and
repairers, transportation equipment………………
7
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility………………………………………………
12
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
motor vehicles…………………………………………
17
Electronic home entertainment equipment
installers and repairers………………………………
58
Security and fire alarm systems installers…………
61
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………
128
Automotive body and related repairers………………
129
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………
20
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……
621
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………
297
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
technicians and mechanics…………………………
208
Small engine mechanics………………………………
36
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………
67
Control and valve installers and repairers…………
26
Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration
mechanics and installers……………………………
309
Home appliance repairers……………………………
31
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……
400
Maintenance and repair workers, general…………
371
See footnotes at end of table.
63
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
$916
(1)
(1)
(1)
763
4
2
2
(1)
(1)
(1)
67
35
22
26
101
$926
(1)
(1)
(1)
766
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
(1)
12
7
28
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
-
-
22
15
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1,018
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
781
1
2
167
(1)
(1)
$644
10
52
5
4
5
35
4,075
(1)
1,017
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
787
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
81.8
964
30
(1)
288
988
(²)
801
44
(1)
238
808
(²)
900
(1)
(1)
12
1
-
(1)
(1)
-
142
12
28
911
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
-
-
7
(1)
(²)
(1)
-
-
12
(1)
(²)
(1)
-
-
17
(1)
(²)
656
718
948
661
(1)
667
3
1
5
10
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
55
60
123
128
20
612
671
722
946
663
(1)
669
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
803
1
(1)
295
804
(²)
837
(1)
3
-
(1)
-
205
36
848
(1)
(²)
(²)
450
(1)
2
1
(1)
(1)
65
25
445
(1)
(²)
(²)
764
(1)
800
719
2
1
12
10
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
306
30
388
361
764
(1)
805
731
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Maintenance workers, machinery……………………
31
Millwrights………………………………………………
46
Electrical power-line installers and repairers………
128
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…
176
Precision instrument and equipment repairers……
47
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………
33
Commercial divers……………………………………
4
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………
25
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…
3
Riggers…………………………………………………
6
Signal and track switch repairers……………………
6
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
19
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………
127
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations…………………………………………… 12,722
Production occupations…………………………………
6,576
First-line supervisors/managers of production
and operating workers………………………………
686
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………
17
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
assemblers……………………………………………
134
Engine and other machine assemblers………………
15
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………
18
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………
733
Bakers…………………………………………………
118
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers…………………………………
249
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………
12
Food batchmakers……………………………………
60
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………
6
Computer control programmers and operators……
64
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
4
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
11
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………
9
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
73
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
5
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
38
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
15
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
5
Machinists………………………………………………
341
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
(1)
(1)
$1,018
795
(1)
1
2
6
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
31
46
126
170
42
(1)
(1)
$1,026
799
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
6
2
-
(1)
(1)
-
27
4
23
3
6
6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1
(1)
18
(1)
(²)
609
7
(1)
120
621
(²)
605
610
2,500
1,712
$472
472
10,222
4,865
648
678
72.8
69.6
855
112
680
574
895
76.0
(1)
5
(1)
12
(1)
(²)
525
(1)
(1)
542
455
80
3
268
57
486
(1)
488
466
54
12
18
465
62
611
(1)
(1)
592
448
79.5
(²)
(²)
82.4
104.0
491
56
418
193
510
82.0
(1)
493
(1)
730
5
21
3
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
7
39
3
59
(1)
(1)
(1)
745
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1
(1)
3
(1)
(²)
(1)
1
(1)
11
(1)
(²)
(1)
2
(1)
7
(1)
(²)
570
17
(1)
56
603
(²)
(1)
-
-
5
(1)
(²)
(1)
6
(1)
32
(1)
(²)
(1)
2
(1)
13
(1)
(²)
(1)
714
1
21
(1)
(1)
4
320
(1)
722
(²)
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
64
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic…………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………
Metalworkers and plastic workers, all other…………
Bookbinders and bindery workers……………………
Job printers……………………………………………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………
Printing machine operators……………………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers……………………
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials…
Sewing machine operators……………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers……………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
Extruding and forming machine setters,
operators and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………
Upholsterers……………………………………………
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………
Furniture finishers………………………………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
tenders, wood…………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
tenders, except sawing……………………………..
Woodworkers, all other………………………………
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers……………………………………………
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and
system operators……………………………………
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………
Chemical processing machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
16
(1)
3
(1)
14
(1)
(²)
4
(1)
-
-
4
(1)
(²)
36
(1)
6
(1)
30
(1)
(²)
8
44
414
(1)
(1)
$675
1
17
(1)
(1)
7
43
396
(1)
(1)
$682
(²)
(²)
(²)
7
6
(1)
(1)
1
-
(1)
-
6
6
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
11
4
259
22
37
38
146
139
39
137
5
5
32
(1)
(1)
594
(1)
(1)
(1)
620
391
(1)
385
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
48
10
7
15
31
84
23
96
2
3
25
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$362
(1)
383
(1)
(1)
(1)
10
4
211
11
30
23
115
55
16
40
3
2
7
(1)
(1)
623
(1)
(1)
(1)
672
493
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
73.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
2
(1)
1
(1)
2
(1)
(²)
6
(1)
4
(1)
2
(1)
(²)
4
(1)
2
(1)
2
(1)
(²)
16
(1)
12
(1)
3
(1)
(²)
1
4
31
10
33
8
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
2
5
3
1
2
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
2
27
7
31
6
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
25
(1)
4
(1)
21
(1)
(²)
23
13
(1)
(1)
2
2
(1)
(1)
21
10
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
37
98
(1)
919
2
2
(1)
(1)
36
95
(1)
925
(²)
(²)
71
40
765
(1)
5
1
(1)
(1)
66
39
787
(1)
(²)
(²)
47
(1)
5
(1)
43
(1)
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
65
1
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
blending workers……………………………………
97
Cutting workers…………………………………………
72
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
machine setters, operators, and tenders…………
30
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders……………………………………………
12
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………
531
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers…
19
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
technicians……………………………………………
75
Packaging and filling machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
203
Painting workers………………………………………
144
Photographic process workers and processing
machine operators……………………………………
40
Semiconductor processors……………………………
2
Cementing and gluing machine operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
12
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………
7
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders…………………………………………………
3
Etchers and engravers…………………………………
7
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………
24
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders…………………………………………………
33
Tire builders……………………………………………
20
Helpers—production workers…………………………
26
Production workers, all other…………………………
726
Transportation and material moving occupations……
6,145
Supervisors, transportation and material moving
workers…………………………………………………
190
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers……………………
92
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
specialists……………………………………………
30
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians……………………
11
Bus drivers………………………………………………
368
Driver/salesworkers and truck drivers………………
2,460
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs……………………………
211
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………
29
Locomotive engineers and operators………………
54
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………
5
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………
49
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………
10
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………
17
Ship and boat captains and operators………………
24
Ship engineers…………………………………………
6
Bridge and lock tenders………………………………
3
Parking lot attendants…………………………………
65
See footnotes at end of table.
66
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
$601
511
10
15
(1)
(1)
87
57
$606
541
(²)
(²)
(1)
6
(1)
25
(1)
(²)
(1)
-
-
12
(1)
(²)
671
(1)
175
7
$513
(1)
356
12
754
(1)
68.0
(²)
618
41
(1)
34
(1)
(²)
447
603
118
13
415
(1)
85
131
497
606
83.5
(²)
(1)
(1)
25
-
(1)
-
15
2
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(1)
8
(1)
4
(1)
(²)
(1)
3
(1)
4
(1)
(²)
(1)
(1)
5
( )
3
2
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1
(1)
23
(1)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(1)
591
599
13
1
5
175
788
(1)
(1)
(1)
481
472
20
20
21
551
5,357
(1)
(1)
(1)
635
618
(²)
(²)
(²)
75.7
76.4
786
1,650
42
-
(1)
-
148
92
799
1,652
(²)
(²)
(1)
7
(1)
23
(1)
(²)
(1)
563
685
514
(1)
1,122
(1)
(1)
2
176
92
32
1
1
2
(1)
527
512
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
10
193
2,368
179
28
53
5
47
(1)
605
690
519
(1)
1,140
(1)
(1)
(²)
87.1
74.2
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
421
1
8
(1)
(1)
10
17
24
6
2
57
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
415
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
1
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Occupation
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Service station attendants……………………………
60
Transportation inspectors……………………………
47
Other transportation workers…………………………
13
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………
6
Crane and tower operators……………………………
58
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators………………………………………………
34
Hoist and winch operators……………………………
5
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………
479
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………
214
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand…………………………………………………… 1,156
Machine feeders and offbearers………………………
23
Packers and packagers, hand………………………
289
Pumping station operators……………………………
29
Refuse and recyclable material collectors…………
59
Shuttle car operators…………………………………
2
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………
4
Material moving workers, all other……………………
45
1
Women
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
$398
(1)
(1)
(1)
778
11
4
2
-
(1)
(1)
(1)
-
48
43
13
4
58
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
778
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
(1)
531
421
1
36
23
(1)
(1)
(1)
32
5
444
190
(1)
(1)
532
423
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
502
(1)
408
(1)
463
(1)
(1)
(1)
155
11
168
4
9
$421
(1)
389
(1)
(1)
1,000
12
120
29
55
2
4
36
511
(1)
453
(1)
473
(1)
(1)
(1)
82.4
(²)
85.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Data not shown where the employment base is less than 50,000.
² Data not shown where the employment base for either the numerator or denominator is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria
criteria.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
67
Median
weekly
earnings
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by industry and sex,
2009 annual averages
Total, both sexes
Industry
1 Data
Men
Women's
earnings
as
Median
percent
of
weekly
men's
earnings
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
$739
44,712
$657
55,108
$819
80.2
905
645
6,336
12,659
7,996
4,663
13,130
3,133
9,997
5,836
4,642
1,194
2,551
7,511
5,793
1,717
10,098
6,334
477
1,048
748
768
808
707
612
761
578
830
791
989
898
841
883
728
866
1,094
162
87
568
3,467
1,916
1,550
5,268
879
4,388
1,242
1,032
211
1,015
4,126
3,393
734
4,080
2,715
413
873
696
618
655
577
523
648
504
685
662
780
756
732
738
699
744
872
743
557
5,768
9,193
6,080
3,113
7,862
2,253
5,609
4,593
3,610
984
1,536
3,384
2,401
983
6,018
3,620
488
1,096
755
837
875
782
688
817
634
872
828
1,029
997
1,039
1,186
749
971
1,324
84.6
79.7
92.2
73.8
74.9
73.8
76.0
79.3
79.5
78.6
80.0
75.8
75.8
70.5
62.2
93.3
76.6
65.9
3,764
23,182
9,871
13,312
6,702
1,590
5,112
3,881
3,528
353
6,383
568
759
852
692
472
606
423
605
627
398
904
1,366
17,133
6,734
10,399
3,027
668
2,359
1,703
1,386
317
2,834
518
717
808
648
421
555
398
503
531
399
783
2,398
6,050
3,137
2,913
3,675
923
2,752
2,178
2,142
36
3,550
594
931
957
902
504
654
471
697
702
( 1)
998
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and over…………….……… 99,820
Agriculture and related industries ....................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ..
Construction ....................................................
Manufacturing .................................................
Durable goods .............................................
Nondurable goods .......................................
Wholesale and retail trade ..............................
Wholesale trade ...........................................
Retail trade ..................................................
Transportation and utilities ..............................
Transportation and warehousing .................
Utilities .........................................................
Information ......................................................
Financial activities ...........................................
Finance and insurance ................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..............
Professional and business services ................
Professional and technical services .............
Management, administrative, and waste
services......................................................
Education and health services ........................
Educational services ....................................
Health care and social assistance ...............
Leisure and hospitality ....................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .............
Accomodation and food services .................
Other services .................................................
Other services, except private households ..
Private households ......................................
Public administration........................................
Women
not shown where the employment base is less than 50,000.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
68
87.2
77.0
84.4
71.8
83.5
84.9
84.5
72.2
75.6
( 1)
78.5
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Year
Total employed
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
1970…………...…
1971………...……
1972 3………...…
1973 3………...…
1974……...………
1975…………...…
1976………...……
1977………...……
1978 3…………...
1979………..……
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
66,753
66,973
69,214
71,803
73,093
71,586
73,964
76,625
80,193
82,654
11,925
12,393
12,939
13,262
13,701
14,260
14,788
15,391
15,855
16,171
84.8
84.4
84.3
84.4
84.2
83.4
83.3
83.3
83.5
83.6
15.2
15.6
15.7
15.6
15.8
16.6
16.7
16.7
16.5
16.4
1980……..………
1981……..………
1982………..……
1983…..…………
1984…..…………
1985……...………
1986 3….…..……
1987……...….……
1988……...………
1989……...………
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
82,562
83,243
81,421
82,322
86,544
88,534
90,529
92,957
95,214
97,369
16,740
17,154
18,106
18,511
18,462
18,615
19,069
19,483
19,754
19,973
83.1
82.9
81.8
81.6
82.4
82.6
82.6
82.7
82.8
83.0
16.9
17.1
18.2
18.4
17.6
17.4
17.4
17.3
17.2
17.0
1990 3……...……
1991……...………
1992………...……
1993……….……
1994 3………...…
1995………...……
1996….…………
1997 3………..…
1998 3……...……
1999 3……………
118,793
118
793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
98 666
98,666
97,190
97,664
99,114
99,772
101,679
103,537
106,334
108,202
110,302
20 128
20,128
20,528
20,828
21,145
23,288
23,220
23,170
23,224
23,261
23,186
83 1
83.1
82.6
82.4
82.4
81.1
81.4
81.7
82.1
82.3
82.6
16 9
16.9
17.4
17.6
17.6
18.9
18.6
18.3
17.9
17.7
17.4
2000 3………...…
2001…………..…
2002………………
2003 3…………..
2004 ……………
2005 ……………
2006 ……………
2007 ……………
2008 3…………..
2009 …………..…
136,891
136,933
136,485
137,736
139,252
141,730
144,427
146,047
145,362
139,877
113,846
113,573
112,700
113,324
114,518
117,016
119,688
121,091
120,030
112,634
23,044
23,361
23,785
24,412
24,734
24,714
24,739
24,956
25,332
27,244
83.2
82.9
82.6
82.3
82.2
82.6
82.9
82.9
82.6
80.5
16.8
17.1
17.4
17.7
17.8
17.4
17.1
17.1
17.4
19.5
See footnotes at end of table.
69
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2009 annual
averages―Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Women
Year
Total employed
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
1970…………...…
1971………...……
1972 3………...…
1973 3………...…
1974……...………
1975…………...…
1976………...……
1977………...……
1978 3…………...
1979………..……
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
21,929
21,950
22,842
23,960
24,714
24,598
25,814
27,076
28,912
30,227
7,758
8,026
8,416
8,756
9,055
9,391
9,799
10,213
10,658
10,990
73.9
73.2
73.1
73.2
73.2
72.4
72.5
72.6
73.1
73.3
26.1
26.8
26.9
26.8
26.8
27.6
27.5
27.4
26.9
26.7
1980……..………
1981……..………
1982………..……
1983…..…………
1984…..…………
1985……...………
1986 3….…..……
1987……...….……
1988……...………
1989……...………
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
30,845
31,337
31,086
31,679
33,473
34,672
35,845
37,210
38,398
39,484
11,270
11,664
12,170
12,367
12,441
12,587
12,862
13,124
13,298
13,544
73.2
72.9
71.9
71.9
72.9
73.4
73.6
73.9
74.3
74.5
26.8
27.1
28.1
28.1
27.1
26.6
26.4
26.1
25.7
25.5
1990 3……...……
1991……...………
1992………...……
1993……….……
1994 3………...…
1995………...……
1996….…………
1997 3………..…
1998 3……...……
1999 3……………
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042
40,165
39,783
40,301
40,991
40,940
41,743
42,776
44,076
45,014
46,372
13,524
13,713
13,751
13,919
15,670
15,779
15,725
15,797
15,757
15,670
74.8
74.4
74.6
74.7
72.3
72.6
73.1
73.6
74.1
74.7
25.2
25.6
25.4
25.3
27.7
27.4
26.9
26.4
25.9
25.3
2000 3………...…
2001…………..…
2002………………
2003 3…………..
2004 ……………
2005 ……………
2006 ……………
2007 ……………
2008 3…………..
2009 …………..…
63,586
63,737
63,582
64,404
64,728
65,757
66,925
67,792
67,876
66,208
47,916
47,950
47,494
47,946
48,073
49,158
50,380
51,056
51,178
48,683
15,670
15,788
16,088
16,459
16,654
16,598
16,545
16,736
16,698
17,525
75.4
75.2
74.7
74.4
74.3
74.8
75.3
75.3
75.4
73.5
24.6
24.8
25.3
25.6
25.7
25.2
24.7
24.7
24.6
26.5
See footnotes at end of table.
70
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2009 annual
averages―Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Year
Total employed
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
1970…………...…
1971………...……
1972 3………...…
1973 3………...…
1974……...………
1975…………...…
1976………...……
1977………...……
1978 3…………...
1979………..……
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
44,825
45,023
46,373
47,843
48,378
46,988
48,150
49,551
51,281
52,427
4,166
4,367
4,523
4,507
4,646
4,870
4,988
5,178
5,198
5,180
91.5
91.2
91.1
91.4
91.2
90.6
90.6
90.5
90.8
91.0
8.5
8.8
8.9
8.6
8.8
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.2
9.0
1980……..………
1981……..………
1982………..……
1983…..…………
1984…..…………
1985……...………
1986 3….…..……
1987……...….……
1988……...………
1989……...………
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
51,717
51,906
50,334
50,643
53,070
53,862
54,685
55,746
56,816
57,885
5,471
5,492
5,937
6,145
6,020
6,028
6,207
6,360
6,457
6,430
90.4
90.4
89.4
89.2
89.8
89.9
89.8
89.8
89.8
90.0
9.6
9.6
10.6
10.8
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.0
1990 3……...……
1991……...………
1992………...……
1993……….……
1994 3………...…
1995………...……
1996….…………
1997 3………..…
1998 3……...……
1999 3……………
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71,446
58,501
57,407
57,363
58,123
58,832
59,936
60,762
62,258
63,189
63,930
6,604
6,815
7,077
7,226
7,617
7,441
7,445
7,427
7,504
7,516
89.9
89.4
89.0
88.9
88.5
89.0
89.1
89.3
89.4
89.5
10.1
10.6
11.0
11.1
11.5
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.6
10.5
See footnotes at end of table.
71
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2009 annual
averages―Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Year
Total employed
2000 3………...…
2001…………..…
2002………………
2003 3…………..
2004 ……………
2005 ……………
2006 ……………
2007 ……………
2008 3…………..
2009 …………..…
73,305
73,196
72,903
73,332
74,524
75,973
77,502
78,254
77,486
73,670
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
65,930
65,623
65,205
65,379
66,444
67,858
69,307
70,035
68,853
63,951
7,375
7,573
7,697
7,953
8,080
8,115
8,194
8,220
8,634
9,719
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
89.9
89.7
89.4
89.2
89.2
89.3
89.4
89.5
88.9
86.8
10.1
10.3
10.6
10.8
10.8
10.7
10.6
10.5
11.1
13.2
1 Prior to 1994, total includes persons who usually work part time but who worked 35 or more hours during the
reference week; for 1994 and later years, such persons were included in the part-time total. In all years, the total
includes those who usually work full time but who worked less than 35 hours during the reference week for
noneconomic reasons, such as illness or holiday, and those absent from work for the entire reference week who
usually work full time. These groups are not shown separately.
2 For all years, total includes those who usually work less than 35 hours a week but who were absent from work
for the entire reference week and for 1994 and later years, those who worked 35 or more hours during the reference
week. These groups are not shown separately.
3 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability
documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
72
Table 21. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in
nonagricultural industries by sex, 1976–2009 annual averages
All industries
Nonagricultural industries
Year
Total
Women
Men
Total
Women
Men
1976…….
1977…….
1978 1……
1979…...…
38.7
38.8
39.0
38.9
34.1
34.2
34.5
34.5
41.7
41.9
42.1
42.0
38.4
38.5
38.7
38.6
34.1
34.2
34.4
34.4
41.4
41.6
41.8
41.7
1980…….
1981…….
1982…...…
1983…….
1984………
1985…...…
1986 1……
1987…….
1988…….
1989…...…
38.5
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.8
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.4
39.6
34.5
34.1
34.1
34.5
34.9
35.2
35.4
35.3
35.7
35.8
41.5
41.1
40.9
41.2
41.8
42.0
42.1
42.0
42.4
42.6
38.3
37.9
37.7
38.1
38.6
38.9
38.9
38.8
39.3
39.4
34.4
34.1
34.0
34.4
34.9
35.2
35.3
35.3
35.7
35.8
41.2
40.7
40.6
41.0
41.5
41.8
41.9
41.8
42.2
42.4
1990 1……
1991…...…
1992…….
1993………
1994 1……
1995…….
1996………
1997 1……
1998 1……
1999 1……
39.4
39.2
38.9
39.4
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.5
39 5
39.3
39.6
35.8
35.8
35.6
36.0
35.5
35.6
35.7
36.0
36 0
35.8
36.2
42.3
42.0
41.7
42.2
42.2
42.3
42.3
42.4
42 4
42.2
42.4
39.3
39.1
38.8
39.3
39.1
39.2
39.2
39.4
39 4
39.2
39.5
35.8
35.8
35.6
36.0
35.6
35.7
35.7
36.0
36 0
35.9
36.2
42.1
41.9
41.6
42.1
42.1
42.2
42.2
42.3
42 3
42.2
42.4
2000 1……
2001…...…
2002…….
2003 1……
2004…….
2005…….
2006………
2007………
2008 1……
2009 ……
39.7
39.2
39.2
39.0
39.0
39.2
39.2
39.2
38.9
37.9
36.4
36.1
36.0
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.2
36.1
36.1
35.3
42.5
41.9
41.8
41.7
41.7
41.8
41.8
41.7
41.3
40.2
39.6
39.2
39.1
39.0
39.0
39.1
39.2
39.1
38.8
37.8
36.4
36.1
36.1
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.2
36.1
36.1
35.3
42.4
41.8
41.7
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.7
41.6
41.2
40.1
1
The comparability of historical data has been affected at various times by
methodological and conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS).
For an explanation, see the Historical Comparability documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
73
Table 22. Work experience of the population by sex and full- and part-time status, selected years, 1970–2008
(Percent distribution)
With work experience
Year
Population
(in
thousands)
Percent distribution by work experience
Usually work full time
Total
Percent of
(in
population
thousands)
Total
Total
50 to 52
weeks
Usually work part time
1 to 49
weeks
Total
50 to 52
weeks
1 to 49
weeks
Total, both sexes
1970………….………
1975………….………
1980…….……………
1985………….………
1990 ………...………
1995………….………
2000 ………...………
2005……………………
2006……………………
2007……………………
2008……………………
138,953
153,180
169,452
179,944
189,238
199,925
214,292
227,975
231,033
232,995
235,086
93,850
102,603
115,752
123,466
132,562
138,971
150,787
154,322
156,658
157,653
157,472
67.5
67.0
68.3
68.6
70.1
69.5
70.4
67.7
67.8
67.7
67.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.4
78.9
78.5
78.2
78.8
78.6
80.4
80.3
80.9
80.9
79.5
55.6
54.3
56.1
58.7
60.4
62.9
66.7
67.5
68.4
68.4
65.6
23.8
24.6
22.4
19.5
18.4
15.7
13.7
12.8
12.5
12.5
13.9
20.6
21.2
21.4
21.9
21.3
21.3
19.5
19.7
19.1
19.1
20.5
6.7
7.5
7.7
8.3
8.7
9.1
9.3
10.0
9.7
9.8
10.5
13.9
13.7
13.7
13.6
12.6
12.2
10.2
9.7
9.4
9.3
10.0
73,657
80,834
89,259
94,490
98,970
104,058
111,440
117,814
119,300
120,300
121,328
38,809
43,511
51,492
56,165
61,494
65,304
71,341
72,309
73,527
74,115
74,363
52.7
53.8
57.7
59.4
62.1
62.8
64.0
61.4
61.6
61.6
61.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.9
67.1
67.7
68.1
69.8
70.2
72.9
72.7
73.0
73.6
72.2
40.7
41.4
44.7
48.9
51.5
54.3
58.4
59.9
60.7
61.5
59.3
27.2
25.7
23.0
19.2
18.3
15.9
14.5
12.8
12.3
12.1
12.9
32.2
32.8
32.3
31.8
30.2
29.7
27.1
27.3
27.0
26.4
27.8
10.1
11.7
11.9
12.3
12.8
13.3
13.4
14.1
14.1
14.2
15.0
22.1
21.1
20.4
19.5
17.4
16.4
13.7
13.2
12.9
12.2
12.8
65,296
72,346
80,193
85,454
90,269
95,867
102,853
110,161
111,733
112,695
113,758
55,041
59,091
64,260
67,301
71,068
73,667
79,446
82,013
83,131
83,538
83,109
84.3
81.7
80.1
78.8
78.7
76.8
77.2
74.4
74.4
74.1
73.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.6
87.5
87.2
86.5
86.4
86.2
87.5
87.0
87.8
87.4
86.0
66.1
63.8
65.2
66.8
68.0
70.6
74.2
74.2
75.2
74.6
71.2
21.5
23.7
22.0
19.7
18.4
15.6
13.3
12.8
12.6
12.8
14.8
12.4
12.5
12.8
13.5
13.5
13.9
12.6
13.0
12.2
12.6
14.0
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.8
5.1
5.5
5.5
6.3
5.7
5.9
6.5
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.7
8.4
8.4
7.1
6.7
6.5
6.7
7.5
Women
1970………….………
1975…….……………
1980……….…………
1985…….……………
1990 ………...………
1995……….…………
2000 ………...………
2005……………………
2006……………………
2007……………………
2008……………………
Men
1970………….………
1975………….………
1980……….…………
1985……….…………
1990 ………...………
1995……….…………
2000 ………...………
2005……………………
2006……………………
2007……………………
2008……………………
NOTE: These data, collected in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement, reflect the work experience of the entire year.
SOURCE: Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1971–2009, Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor,
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
74
Table 23. Married-couple families by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2008
(Numbers in thousands)
Married-couple families
One earner
Year
Total
No
earners
Total
Husband
only
Wife
only
Two earners or more
Other
family
member
Total
Husband Wife and Husband
Husband
and other other
and wife
and
family
family
are not
wife
member member earners
1967…….
1968…….
1969…….
43,292
43,842
44,436
2,943
2,888
3,022
16,490
16,375
16,268
15,429
15,310
15,133
716
730
797
345
335
339
23,859
24,579
25,145
18,888
19,743
20,327
4,639
4,522
4,517
-
-
1970…...…
1971…...…
1972…….
1973…...…
1974…...…
1975…...…
1976…….
1977…...…
1978…...…
1979…...…
44,832
45,939
46,594
47,185
47,438
47,878
48,150
48,131
48,532
49,132
3,252
3,471
3,632
4,027
4,325
4,943
4,962
5,177
5,226
5,559
16,117
16,847
16,787
16,080
15,795
16,217
15,630
15,119
14,456
13,912
14,931
15,502
15,387
14,547
14,122
14,343
13,690
13,153
12,434
11,934
867
1,004
1,003
1,110
1,216
1,394
1,424
1,456
1,509
1,499
320
340
398
423
457
481
516
512
513
480
25,464
25,621
26,175
27,078
27,319
26,717
27,559
27,835
28,850
29,660
20,510
20,641
21,279
22,152
22,451
22,338
23,104
23,474
24,655
25,595
4,622
4,651
4,553
4,535
4,442
3,861
3,829
3,812
3,609
3,476
-
-
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…...…
1984…….
1985…...…
1985
1986…….
1987…….
1988…….
1989…...…
49,316
49,669
49,947
50,134
50,395
50,978
50 978
51,574
51,847
52,149
52,385
5,903
6,213
6,427
6,549
6,630
6,693
6 693
6,731
6,741
6,754
6,812
13,900
13,832
14,235
13,692
12,952
12,961
12 961
12,565
12,435
11,876
11,748
11,621
11,524
11,575
11,100
10,472
10,406
10 406
9,984
9,787
9,463
9,212
1,707
1,680
2,048
1,944
1,852
1,897
1 897
1,917
1,946
1,777
1,840
573
628
613
647
628
658
664
702
636
695
29,513
29,624
29,285
29,893
30,814
31,324
31 324
32,278
32,671
33,519
33,825
25,557
25,729
25,387
26,119
27,035
27,787
27 787
28,811
29,369
30,536
30,879
3,380
3,212
3,149
2,996
2,891
2,764
2 764
2,730
2,576
2,303
2,373
-
-
532
435
148
138
1990…….
1991…….
1992…….
1993…...…
1994…...…
1995…….
1996…….
1997…….
1998…...…
1999…….
52,241
52,549
53,254
53,248
53,929
53,621
53,654
54,362
54,829
55,352
6,770
7,091
7,256
7,282
7,227
7,278
7,148
7,289
7,257
7,163
11,630
11,523
11,977
11,842
11,774
11,739
11,556
11,728
12,279
12,328
9,107
8,873
9,114
8,745
8,719
8,821
8,671
8,792
9,198
9,093
1,826
1,993
2,145
2,411
2,374
2,253
2,214
2,302
2,419
2,595
698
657
718
687
681
664
671
634
662
640
33,841
33,935
34,021
34,123
34,928
34,604
34,950
35,345
35,293
35,861
30,829
31,049
31,268
31,302
32,125
32,061
32,406
32,764
32,810
33,360
2,369
2,161
1,940
2,051
2,048
1,878
1,899
1,853
1,726
1,815
479
527
624
614
603
539
522
569
616
519
164
197
199
156
151
127
123
158
141
167
2000…...…
2001…….
2002…….
2003…….
2004………
2005………
2006………
2007………
2008………
56,643
56,798
57,362
57,767
58,045
58,225
59,050
58,490
59,137
7,463
7,666
7,803
8,043
7,996
8,017
8,091
7,914
8,078
12,717
12,907
13,487
14,051
14,352
14,292
14,545
14,264
14,606
9,515
9,621
10,109
10,469
10,821
10,603
10,693
10,392
10,552
2,601
2,698
2,818
3,026
2,991
3,096
3,261
3,265
3,434
600
588
560
557
540
593
591
608
620
36,463
36,224
36,071
35,673
35,696
35,915
36,414
36,312
36,452
33,892
33,696
33,547
33,220
33,131
33,380
33,880
33,718
33,905
1,865
1,898
1,845
1,789
1,832
1,818
1,752
1,847
1,739
566
501
558
548
610
597
639
597
650
139
129
121
117
123
121
142
149
158
See note at end of table.
75
Table 23. Married-couple families by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2008—Continued
(Percent distribution)
Married-couple families
One earner
Year
Total
No
earners
Total
Husband
only
Wife
only
Two earners or more
Other
family
member
Total
Husband Wife and Husband
Husband and other other
and wife
and wife
family
family
are not
member member earners
6.9
6.5
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.0
4.4
4.5
-
-
1.0
.8
0.3
.3
59.0
59.1
58.7
58.8
59.6
59.8
60.4
60.3
59.8
60.3
4.5
4.1
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.3
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
.9
.3
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
59.8
59.3
58.5
57.5
57.1
57.3
57.4
57.6
57.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.2
2.9
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
1967…..… 100.0
1968…...… 100.0
1969…...… 100.0
6.8
6.6
6.8
38.1
37.4
36.6
35.6
34.9
34.1
1.7
1.7
1.8
0.8
.8
.8
55.1
56.1
56.6
43.6
45.0
45.7
10.7
10.3
10.2
1970…...…
1971…...…
1972…...…
1973………
1974…...…
1975…...…
1976…...…
1977…….
1978…….
1979…….
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.3
7.6
7.8
8.5
9.1
10.3
10.3
10.8
10.8
11.3
35.9
36.7
36.0
34.1
33.3
33.9
32.5
31.4
29.8
28.3
33.3
33.7
33.0
30.8
29.8
30.0
28.4
27.3
25.6
24.3
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
.7
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
56.8
55.8
56.2
57.4
57.6
55.8
57.2
57.8
59.4
60.4
45.7
44.9
45.7
46.9
47.3
46.7
48.0
48.8
50.8
52.1
10.3
10.1
9.8
9.6
9.4
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.4
7.1
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…….
1984…….
1985…….
1986…….
1987…….
1988…….
1989…….
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.0
12.5
12.9
13.1
13.2
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.0
13.0
28.2
27.8
28.5
27.3
25.7
25.4
24.4
24.0
22.8
22.4
23.6
23.2
23.2
22.1
20.8
20.4
19.4
18.9
18.1
17.6
3.5
3.4
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.4
3.5
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.3
59.8
59.6
58.6
59.6
61.1
61.4
62.6
63.0
64.3
64.6
51.8
51.8
50.8
52.1
53.6
54.5
55.9
56.6
58.6
58.9
1990…...…
1991…...…
1992…...…
1993…...…
1994…….
1995…….
1996…….
1997…….
1998…….
1999…….
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.0
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.4
13.6
13.3
13.4
13.2
12.9
22.3
21.9
22.5
22.2
21.8
21.9
21.5
21.6
22.4
22.3
17.4
16.9
17.1
16.4
16.2
16.5
16.2
16.2
16.8
16.4
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
64.8
64.6
63.9
64.1
64.8
64.5
65.1
65.0
64.4
64.8
2000…...…
2001…….
2002…...…
2003…….
2004………
2005………
2006………
2007………
2008………
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.2
13.5
13.6
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.7
13.5
13.7
22.5
22.7
23.5
24.3
24.7
24.5
24.6
24.4
24.7
16.8
16.9
17.6
18.1
18.6
18.2
18.1
17.8
17.8
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.8
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
64.4
63.8
62.9
61.8
61.5
61.7
61.7
62.1
61.6
NOTE: These data, collected in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement, reflect the earnings and work experience
of the entire year. Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1968–2009, Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of
Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
76
Table 24. Contribution of wives' earnings to
family income, 1970–2008
Contribution to
family income
(median percent)
Year
1970………………….………
1971…………………….……
1972…………...………………
1973……………….…………
1974……………….…………
1975…………….……………
1976………………….………
1977………………….………
1978……...……………………
1979……………...……………
26.6
27.5
26.7
26.0
25.4
26.3
26.4
26.1
26.1
26.0
1980………….………………
1981……...……………………
1982……………...……………
1983……………….…………
1984………………….………
1985……………….…………
1986………………...…………
1987……………………...……
1988……………………...……
1989……………………….…
26.7
27.3
28.4
28.8
28.4
28.3
29.0
29.5
29.6
29.9
1990………………….………
1991………………….………
1992…………………….……
1993………….………………
1994…………….……………
1995……………….…………
1996……………………….…
1997…………………….……
1998……………….…………
1999……………………….…
30.7
31.3
32.4
32.2
31.9
31.9
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.8
2000……………………….…
2001……………………….…
2002……………………….…
2003……………………….…
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
33.5
34.4
34.8
35.2
34.9
35.1
35.6
36.0
36.0
NOTE: These data, collected in the Annual Social
and Economic Supplement, reflect the earnings and
work experience of the entire year.
SOURCE:
Annual
Social
and
Economic
Supplements, 1971–2009, Current Population Survey,
U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics.
77
Table 25. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2008
(Numbers in thousands)
Families in which wives have earnings
but husbands may not ¹
Year
Families in which both wives and husbands
have earnings ²
Married-couple
Married-couple
families in which
Wives who earn Percent of wives families in which Wives who earn Percent of wives
wife (but not
more than
who earn more
both wife and
more than
who earn more
necessarily
their
than their
husband had
their
than their
husband) had
husbands
husbands
earnings from
husbands
husbands
earnings from
work
work
1987…...…………
1988…...…………
1989…...…………
32,025
32,810
33,119
7,581
7,827
8,068
23.7
23.9
24.4
29,755
30,503
30,848
5,311
5,520
5,796
17.8
18.1
18.8
1990…...…………
1991…...…………
1992…...…………
1993…...…………
1994…...…………
1995…...…………
1996…...…………
1997……............
1998……............
1999……............
33,093
33,516
33,987
34,286
35,066
34,819
35,120
35,613
35,806
36,454
8,221
8,983
9,715
10,000
10,184
9,822
10,070
10,309
10,467
10,548
24.8
26.8
28.6
29.2
29.0
28.2
28.7
28.9
29.2
28.9
30,794
30,998
31,221
31,264
32,091
32,030
32,389
32,745
32,782
33,340
5,923
6,465
6,948
6,978
7,209
7,033
7,340
7,441
7,443
7,434
19.2
20.9
22.3
22.3
22.5
22.0
22.7
22.7
22.7
22.3
2000……............
2001
2001……............
2002……............
2003……............
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
37,037
36,864
36
864
36,905
36,761
36,710
37,055
37,733
37,536
37,988
11,070
11,329
11
329
11,765
11,923
11,985
12,215
12,601
12,570
13,104
29.9
30.7
30
7
31.9
32.4
32.6
33.0
33.4
33.5
34.5
33,873
33,665
33
665
33,531
33,189
33,110
33,364
33,838
33,678
33,905
7,906
8,130
8
130
8,391
8,351
8,386
8,524
8,707
8,712
9,020
23.3
24 1
24.1
25.0
25.2
25.3
25.5
25.7
25.9
26.6
1
2
Includes families in which husband had no earnings from work.
Excludes families in which husband had no earnings from work.
NOTE: These data, collected in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement, reflect the earnings and work experience
of the entire year.
SOURCE: Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1988–2009, Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of
Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
78
Table 26. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal
minimum wage by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage
Characteristic
Total
Total
Percent of
hourly paid
workers
At prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over………………..…………
16 to 24 years………………………..……………
25 years and over……………………..…………
72,611
14,389
58,222
3,572
1,737
1,835
4.9
12.1
3.2
980
508
472
2,592
1,229
1,363
Women, 16 years and over……………..…………
16 to 24 years………………………..……………
25 years and over……………………..…………
37,426
7,344
30,082
2,215
1,064
1,151
5.9
14.5
3.8
612
295
318
1,603
769
833
Men, 16 years and over………………………..…
16 to 24 years…………………………………..…
25 years and over…………………………..……
35,185
7,045
28,140
1,358
674
684
3.9
9.6
2.4
368
214
154
990
460
530
White……………………………..…………………
Women………………………..………………….…
Women
Men………………………..………………….……
58,633
29,760
29 760
28,873
2,857
1,783
1 783
1,074
4.9
6.0
60
3.7
763
463
300
2,094
1,320
1 320
774
Black or African American…………………………
Women………………………..………………….…
Men………………………..………………….……
9,269
5,231
4,038
495
302
192
5.3
5.8
4.8
168
117
50
327
185
142
Asian……………….……………………………….
Women………………………..………………….…
Men………………………..………………….……
2,718
1,460
1,258
117
70
47
4.3
4.8
3.7
21
15
6
96
55
41
Hispanic or Latino …………………………………
Women………………………..………………….…
Men………………………..………………….……
12,740
5,449
7,291
622
331
290
4.9
6.1
4.0
183
102
80
439
229
210
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
79
Table 26. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal
minimum wage by selected characteristics, 2009 annual averages―Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Total at or below prevailing Federal minimum wage
Characteristic
Total
Total
Percent of
hourly paid
workers
At prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Below
prevailing
Federal
minimum
wage
Full- and part-time status 1
Full-time workers……………………..……………
Women……………………………….……………
Men……………………………………..…………
52,454
24,066
28,388
1,272
694
579
2.4
2.9
2.0
320
183
137
952
511
442
Part-time workers…………………..………………
Women……………………………...………………
Men…………………………..……………………
20,027
13,307
6,721
2,281
1,513
769
11.4
11.4
11.4
656
428
229
1,625
1,085
540
1
Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work
fewer than 35 hours per week. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not
identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
NOTE: The prevailing Federal minimum wage rose from $6.55 to $7.25 an hour on July 24, 2009. Data in this table
reflect the average number of workers who earned $6.55 or less from January 2009 through July 2009 and those who
earned $7.25 or less from August 2009 through the end of the year. Data are for wage and salary workers, excluding the
incorporated self-employed. They refer to a person's earnings on his or her sole or principal job, and pertain only to
workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly workers are not included. Estimates for the
above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for
all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
80
Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more by age, sex, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2008
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Age and sex
Total
White
Total, 16 years and older…… 147,838 120,660
16 to 19 years……………
4,079
3,357
20 to 24 years…………...
13,311 10,688
25 to 34 years…………...
32,349 25,626
35 to 44 years…………… 33,689 26,892
45 to 54 years…………… 35,633 29,385
55 to 64 years…………… 22,349 19,088
65 years and older………
6,428
5,624
Below poverty level
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
16,817
494
1,680
4,121
4,120
3,906
2,000
495
6,772
73
453
1,627
1,852
1,654
891
221
21,005
654
2,415
6,172
5,539
3,941
1,849
434
8,883
518
1,525
2,555
1,953
1,462
738
132
6,321
365
1,094
1,753
1,389
1,053
558
109
1,844
110
303
614
398
291
111
16
349
16
38
72
99
75
45
3
2,604
117
368
858
716
366
156
22
Women, 16 years and older…
16 to 19 years……………
20 to 24 years…………...
25 to 34 years………...…
35 to 44 years……………
45 to 54 years……………
55 to 64 years……………
65 years and older………
68,558
2,013
6,269
14,495
15,286
17,015
10,644
2,836
54,752
1,655
4,968
11,104
11,877
13,763
8,942
2,441
9,000
260
868
2,186
2,198
2,129
1,099
261
3,151
27
216
768
831
801
424
84
8,412
301
996
2,225
2,176
1,731
797
186
4,464
286
831
1,326
899
712
340
70
2,990
201
584
813
583
496
256
59
1,146
64
185
422
246
163
54
11
154
7
23
33
36
35
20
–
1,020
59
147
319
258
170
61
6
Men, 16 years and older……
16 to
t 19 years……………
20 to 24 years……………
25 to 34 years……………
35 to 44 years…………...
45 to 54 years……………
55 to 64 years……………
65 years and older………
79,280
2
2,066
066
7,042
17,854
18,403
18,618
11,705
3,593
65,908
1
1,701
701
5,720
14,522
15,014
15,622
10,147
3,182
7,817
235
813
1,935
1,922
1,777
901
234
3,621
46
238
859
1,021
853
467
137
12,593
353
1,419
3,947
3,363
2,210
1,053
248
4,418
232
694
1,229
1,053
750
398
61
3,331
164
510
941
807
557
302
50
698
46
118
192
152
128
57
5
195
9
15
39
63
40
25
3
1,585
59
221
539
458
196
95
16
81
Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor
force for 27 weeks or more by age, sex, race, and Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity, 2008—Continued
Rate 1
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total, 16 years and older……
16 to 19 years……………
20 to 24 years…………...
25 to 34 years…………...
35 to 44 years……………
45 to 54 years……………
55 to 64 years……………
65 years and older………
6.0
12.7
11.5
7.9
5.8
4.1
3.3
2.0
5.2
10.9
10.2
6.8
5.2
3.6
2.9
1.9
11.0
22.3
18.1
14.9
9.7
7.5
5.5
3.2
5.1
21.4
8.4
4.4
5.4
4.5
5.1
1.3
12.4
17.9
15.2
13.9
12.9
9.3
8.5
5.1
Women, 16 years and older…
16 to 19 years……………
20 to 24 years…………...
25 to 34 years………...…
35 to 44 years……………
45 to 54 years……………
55 to 64 years……………
65 years and older………
6.5
14.2
13.3
9.1
5.9
4.2
3.2
2.5
5.5
12.1
11.7
7.3
4.9
3.6
2.9
2.4
12.7
24.8
21.4
19.3
11.2
7.7
4.9
4.3
4.9
(2)
10.8
4.3
4.3
4.3
4.8
.2
12.1
19.4
14.7
14.3
11.9
9.8
7.7
3.2
Men, 16 years and older……
16 to
t 19 years……………
20 to 24 years……………
25 to 34 years……………
35 to 44 years…………...
45 to 54 years……………
55 to 64 years……………
65 years and older………
5.6
11
11.2
2
9.8
6.9
5.7
4.0
3.4
1.7
5.1
9
9.6
6
8.9
6.5
5.4
3.6
3.0
1.6
8.9
19
19.7
7
14.5
9.9
7.9
7.2
6.3
1.9
5.4
(2)
6.3
4.6
6.2
4.7
5.4
2.0
12.6
16 7
16.7
15.6
13.7
13.6
8.9
9.0
6.5
Age and sex
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for
27 weeks or more.
2 Data not shown where labor force base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: These data, collected in the Annual Social and Economic Supplement,
reflect the earnings and work experience of the entire year. Estimates for the
above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: 2009 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Current Population
Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
82
Table 28. Displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and
employment status in January 2010
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
(in
thousands)
Total
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor
force
Total
Total, 20 years and over…………...…
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 to 54 years……………...…………
55 to 64 years…………...……………
65 years and over…………...………
6,938
227
4,923
1,395
392
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.8
54.8
53.4
38.7
22.5
36.1
29.8
35.6
39.9
32.4
15.2
15.4
11.0
21.4
45.1
Women, 20 years and over…………
20 to 24 years……………………...…
25 to 54 years………………..………
55 to 64 years…………………..……
65 years and over………………..…
2,754
84
1,892
585
194
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.5
55.8
53.9
39.2
20.7
31.4
14.6
31.0
37.8
23.3
20.1
29.7
15.1
23.0
56.0
Men, 20 years and over……………..
20 to 24 years……………………..…
25 to 54 years……………..…………
55 to 64 years…………..……………
65 years and over…………..………
4,183
144
3,031
810
198
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.0
54.2
53.1
38.4
24.3
39.1
38.7
38.4
41.4
41.2
11.9
7.1
8.4
20.2
34.5
5,716
2,198
3,518
3 518
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 0
50.3
49.5
50.8
50 8
35.0
30.4
37.8
37 8
14.8
20.2
11.4
11 4
761
351
410
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.9
46.7
39.7
41.2
32.8
48.4
15.9
20.4
12.0
294
135
160
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.8
41.5
34.8
47.8
43.4
51.5
14.3
15.1
13.7
993
297
696
100.0
100.0
100.0
White
Total, 20 years and over…………..…
Women………………………………
Men……………………………….……
Men
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over………………
Women…………………………….…
Men…………………………….………
Asian
Total, 20 years and over………………
Women…………………………….…
Men………………………………..…
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over………….…
Women………………………………
Men…………………………..………
48.7
40.1
52.3
38.0
35.8
38.9
13.4
24.1
8.8
1 Data refer to people who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
2007 and December 2009 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
abolishment of their positions or shifts.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not
sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: January 2010 Displaced Worker Supplement to the Current Population Survey, U.S.
Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
83
Table 29. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by age and sex,
selected years, 1996–2010
Age and sex
February
1996
February
1998
February
2000
January
2002
January
2004
January
2006
January
2008
January
2010
Total, 16 years and over…………...…
16 to 17 years…………………...……
18 to 19 years…………………...……
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 years and over…………………..
25 to 34 years……………...………
35 to 44 years……………...………
45 to 54 years……………...………
55 to 64 years……………...………
65 years and over……………...……
3.8
.7
.7
1.2
5.0
2.8
5.3
8.3
10.2
8.4
3.6
.6
.7
1.1
4.7
2.7
5.0
8.1
10.1
7.8
3.5
.6
.7
1.1
4.7
2.6
4.8
8.2
10.0
9.4
3.7
.7
.8
1.2
4.7
2.7
4.6
7.6
9.9
8.6
4.0
.7
.8
1.3
4.9
2.9
4.9
7.7
9.6
9.0
4.0
.6
.7
1.3
4.9
2.9
4.9
7.3
9.3
8.8
4.1
.7
.8
1.3
5.1
2.7
4.9
7.6
9.9
10.2
4.4
.7
1.0
1.5
5.2
3.1
5.1
7.8
10.0
9.9
Women, 16 years and over…………
16 to 17 years…………………...……
18 to 19 years…………………...……
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 years and over…………………..
25 to 34 years……………...………
35 to 44 years……………...………
45 to 54 years……………...………
55 to 64 years……………...………
65 years and over……………...……
3.5
.7
.7
1.2
4.7
2.7
4.8
7.0
10.0
8.4
3.4
.6
.7
1.1
4.4
2.5
4.5
7.2
9.6
8.7
3.3
.6
.7
1.0
4.4
2.5
4.3
7.3
9.9
9.7
3.4
.7
.8
1.1
4.4
2.5
4.2
6.5
9.6
9.4
3.8
.6
.8
1.3
4.7
2.8
4.5
6.4
9.2
9.6
3.9
.6
.7
1.2
4.8
2.8
4.6
6.7
9.2
9.5
3.9
.6
.8
1.3
4.9
2.6
4.7
7.0
9.8
9.9
4.2
.7
1.0
1.5
5.1
3.0
4.9
7.1
9.7
10.1
Men, 16 years and over……………..
16 to 17 years…………………...……
18 to 19 years…………………...……
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 years and over…………………..
25 to 34 years……………...………
35 to 44 years……………...………
45 to 54 years……………...………
55 to 64 years……………...………
65 years and over……………...……
4.0
.6
.7
1.2
5.3
3.0
6.1
10.1
10.5
8.3
3.8
.6
.7
1.2
4.9
2.8
5.5
9.4
11.2
7.1
3.8
.6
.7
1.2
4.9
2.7
5.3
9.5
10.2
9.0
3.9
.8
.8
1.4
4.9
2.8
5.0
9.1
10.2
8.1
4.1
.7
.8
1.3
5.1
3.0
5.2
9.6
9.8
8.2
4.1
.7
.7
1.4
5.0
2.9
5.1
8.1
9.5
8.3
4.2
.7
.8
1.4
5.2
2.8
5.2
8.2
10.1
10.4
4.6
.7
1.0
1.6
5.3
3.2
5.3
8.5
10.4
9.7
SOURCE: 1996–2010 Displaced Worker supplements to the Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics.
84
Table 30. Labor force status of 2009 high school graduates and 2008–09 high school dropouts
16 to 24 years old by school enrollment and sex, October 2009
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total, 2009 high school graduates1……
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
2,937
1,482
50.5
1,062
36.1
421
28.4
1,455
Women…………………….……………… 1,531
Men……………………….………………… 1,407
758
724
49.5
51.5
549
513
35.8
36.5
210
211
27.7
29.1
772
683
Enrolled in college………...………………
Percent of total 2009 graduates……
2,058
70.1
867
58.5
42.1
-
662
62.3
32.1
-
205
48.7
23.7
-
1,192
81.9
Women…………………………..………
Percent of female 2009 graduates…
1,130
73.8
488
64.4
43.2
-
367
66.8
32.5
-
121
57.6
24.8
-
642
83.2
Men………………………….……………
Percent of male 2009 graduates……
928
66.0
379
52.3
40.8
-
294
57.3
31.7
-
84
39.8
22.2
-
550
80.5
Not enrolled in college……………..……
Percent of total 2009 graduates……
879
29.9
616
41.6
70.0
-
400
37.7
45.5
-
216
51.3
35.0
-
263
18.1
Women………………………………….
g
Percent of female 2009 graduates…
401
26.2
270
35.6
67.4
-
181
33.0
45.2
-
89
42.4
32.9
-
130
16.8
Men………………………………………
Percent of male 2009 graduates……
478
34.0
345
47.7
72.2
-
219
42.7
45.7
-
127
60.2
36.7
-
133
19.5
Total, 2008–09 high school dropouts2…
383
186
48.5
83
21.8
103
55.1
198
179
205
61
125
34.2
60.9
27
56
15.2
27.5
34
69
(3)
54.9
117
80
Women…………………………..………
Men………………………………….……
1
2
3
Data refer to persons who graduated from high school in January through October 2009.
Data refer to persons who dropped out of school between October 2008 and October 2009.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
SOURCE: October 2009 School Enrollment Supplement to the Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
85
Table 31. Labor force status of people 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and educational
attainment, October 2009
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Enrolled in school…………………...…… 21,854
8,411
38.5
7,098
32.5
1,314
15.6
13,443
Women……………………………….…… 11,179
Men……………………………….……… 10,675
4,649
3,763
41.6
35.2
4,051
3,046
36.2
28.5
598
716
12.9
19.0
6,530
6,913
Enrolled in high school 1…………...……
9,612
2,125
22.1
1,576
16.4
548
25.8
7,488
Women……………………………….…
Men……………………………….………
4,647
4,965
1,069
1,055
23.0
21.3
817
760
17.6
15.3
253
295
23.6
28.0
3,578
3,910
Enrolled in college……………..………… 12,242
6,287
51.4
5,521
45.1
766
12.2
5,955
Women…………………….……………
Men…………………….…………………
6,531
5,710
3,579
2,707
54.8
47.4
3,235
2,286
49.5
40.0
345
421
9.6
15.5
2,952
3,003
Not enrolled in school……………..……
15,762
12,353
78.4
9,847
62.5
2,506
20.3
3,409
Women…………………………….………
Less than a high school diploma ........
High school graduates, no college 2 ...
Some college or associate's degree ..
Bachelor’s degree and higher ............
7,488
1,299
3,125
1,894
1,170
5,416
644
2,147
1,539
1,087
72.3
49.6
68.7
81.2
92.9
4,506
444
1,671
1,374
1,017
60.2
34.2
53.5
72.6
86.9
910
200
476
164
70
16.8
31.0
22.2
10.7
6.5
2,072
655
978
356
83
Men……………………………………...…
Less than a high school diploma ........
High school graduates, no college 2 ...
Some college or associate's degree ..
Bachelor’s degree and higher ............
8,274
1,731
3,870
1,784
890
6,937
1,267
3,193
1,610
867
83.8
73.2
82.5
90.3
97.4
5,341
864
2,400
1,328
749
64.6
49.9
62.0
74.5
84.1
1,596
403
793
282
118
23.0
31.8
24.8
17.5
13.6
1,337
464
677
174
23
1
2
Includes a small number of people enrolled in grades below high school.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
SOURCE: October 2009 School Enrollment Supplement to the Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
86
Table 32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates by sex and race, 1994–2009
annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Multiple jobholding rate¹
Multiple jobholders
Women
Year
Total
employed
Total
Number
Percent of
all multiple
jobholders
Men
Total
Women
Men
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
7,260
7,693
7,832
7,955
7,926
7,802
3,336
3,554
3,640
3,718
3,748
3,698
46.0
46.2
46.5
46.7
47.3
47.4
3,924
4,139
4,192
4,237
4,178
4,104
5.9
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.0
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.7
2000…..… 136,891
2001..…… 136,933
2002…..… 136,485
2003..…… 137,736
2004…..… 139,252
2005………141,730
2006………144,427
2007………146,047
2008………145,362
2009………139,877
7,604
7,357
7,291
7,315
7,473
7,546
7,576
7,655
7,620
7,271
3,608
3,523
3,557
3,599
3,638
3,691
3,753
3,822
3,783
3,741
47.4
47.9
48.8
49.2
48.7
48.9
49.5
49.9
49.6
51.5
3,996
3,834
3,734
3,716
3,835
3,855
3,822
3,833
3,837
3,530
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.9
5.0
4.8
1994…..…
1995….…
1996…..…
1997…..…
1998…..…
1999…..…
¹ Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed people in specified group.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
87
Table 33. Unincorporated self-employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, 1976–2009
annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Year
1976……
1977…..
1978…..
1979…..
1980…..
1981…..
1982…..
1983…..
1984……
1985…..
1986…..
1987…..
1988……
1989…..
1990……
1991…..
1992…..
1993…..
1994
1994…..
1995…..
1996…..
1997…..
1998…..
1999…..
2000…..
2001…..
2002……
2003…..
2004……
2005…..
2006……
2007……
2008……
2009……
Total
Selfemployed employed
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,435
109,232
111,800
114,143
115,570
114,449
115,246
117,144
119 651
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207
134,427
134,635
134,174
135,461
137,020
139,532
142,221
143,952
143,194
137,775
5,782
6,115
6,428
6,792
7,001
7,097
7,263
7,575
7,785
7,810
7,881
8,201
8,519
8,605
8,719
8,850
8,576
8,959
9 003
9,003
8,901
8,971
9,056
8,962
8,790
9,205
9,121
8,923
9,344
9,467
9,509
9,685
9,557
9,219
8,995
Women
Men
Selfemployed
SelfSelfSelfwomen as
employed
employed
employed percent of
Total
SelfTotal
Selfas a
as a
as a
total selfemployed employed
employed employed
percent of
percent of
percent of employed
total
total
total
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.4
7.6
75
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.5
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556
41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55 755
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
59,945
61,193
62,983
63,147
62,995
63,824
64,182
65,213
66,382
67,302
67,358
65,712
1,549
1,692
1,814
1,982
2,097
2,192
2,309
2,439
2,566
2,603
2,610
2,778
2,955
3,043
3,122
3,150
2,963
3,065
3 443
3,443
3,440
3,506
3,550
3,482
3,424
3,631
3,594
3,499
3,609
3,607
3,565
3,681
3,637
3,483
3,468
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.6
5.6
62
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.3
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921
54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63 896
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140
69,014
71,444
71,488
71,179
71,636
72,838
74,319
75,838
76,650
75,836
72,062
4,233
4,423
4,614
4,810
4,904
4,905
4,954
5,136
5,219
5,207
5,271
5,423
5,564
5,562
5,597
5,700
5,613
5,894
5 560
5,560
5,461
5,465
5,506
5,480
5,366
5,573
5,527
5,425
5,736
5,860
5,944
6,004
5,920
5,736
5,527
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.0
9.3
9.5
9.2
9.1
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.0
8.9
9.2
9.1
9.4
87
8.7
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.7
7.6
7.7
26.8
27.7
28.2
29.2
30.0
30.9
31.8
32.2
33.0
33.3
33.1
33.9
34.7
35.4
35.8
35.6
34.5
34.2
38 2
38.2
38.6
39.1
39.2
38.9
39.0
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.6
38.1
37.5
38.0
38.1
37.8
38.6
NOTE: Beginning in 2000, data reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census Industry Classification System derived from
the 2002 North American Industry Classification System into the Current Population Survey (CPS).
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
88
Table 34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by native- and foreign-born status,
age, and sex, 2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Native- or foreign-born
status, age, and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor force
Both sexes
Native born1
16 years and over…….. 200,585
16 to 24 years………..… 34,025
25 to 34 years………… 32,643
35 to 44 years………... 32,540
45 to 54 years………… 37,546
55 to 64 years………... 30,349
65 years and over…… 33,481
130,216
19,375
27,392
27,391
30,617
19,667
5,774
64.9
56.9
83.9
84.2
81.5
64.8
17.2
118,269
15,920
24,684
25,307
28,517
18,429
5,413
59.0
46.8
75.6
77.8
76.0
60.7
16.2
11,947
3,455
2,707
2,085
2,101
1,238
362
9.2
17.8
9.9
7.6
6.9
6.3
6.3
70,368
14,650
5,252
5,149
6,928
10,682
27,706
35,216
3,542
7,637
8,379
6,819
4,321
4,517
23,926
1,986
5,907
6,847
5,588
2,838
760
67.9
56.1
77.3
81.7
81.9
65.7
16.8
21,608
1,681
5,330
6,210
5,096
2,590
701
61.4
47.5
69.8
74.1
74.7
59.9
15.5
2,317
304
577
637
491
249
59
9.7
15.3
9.8
9.3
8.8
8.8
7.8
11,290
1,557
1,731
1,532
1,231
1,483
3,757
Native born1
16 years and over…….. 104,077
16 to 24 years………… 16,970
25 to 34 years……...… 16,545
35 to 44 years……...… 16,686
45 to 54 years……….… 19,252
55 to 64 years………..… 15,698
65 years and over…… 18,925
62,284
9,536
12,915
12,974
14,766
9,476
2,617
59.8
56.2
78.1
77.8
76.7
60.4
13.8
57,364
8,131
11,831
12,104
13,916
8,923
2,459
55.1
47.9
71.5
72.5
72.3
56.8
13.0
4,920
1,404
1,085
871
849
553
158
7.9
14.7
8.4
6.7
5.8
5.8
6.0
41,793
7,434
3,629
3,712
4,487
6,223
16,308
9,735
759
2,172
2,746
2,439
1,300
320
55.4
45.4
60.9
68.1
72.1
57.1
12.0
8,844
631
1,960
2,495
2,254
1,205
298
50.3
37.8
54.9
61.9
66.7
53.0
11.2
891
128
212
251
185
94
22
9.2
16.9
9.7
9.1
7.6
7.3
6.8
7,853
912
1,397
1,288
942
975
2,339
Foreign born2
16 years and over……..
16 to 24 years……….…
25 to 34 years……..……
35 to 44 years……..……
45 to 54 years…………
55 to 64 years……….…
65 years and over……
Women
Foreign born2
16 years and over……..
16 to 24 years………..…
25 to 34 years……...…
35 to 44 years……...…
45 to 54 years……….…
55 to 64 years…………
65 years and over……
17,588
1,671
3,569
4,034
3,381
2,274
2,658
See footnotes at end of table.
89
Table 34. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by native- and foreign-born status,
age, and sex, 2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Native- or foreign-born
status, age, and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor force
Men
Native born1
16 years and over………
16 to 24 years…………
25 to 34 years………...
35 to 44 years………...
45 to 54 years……….…
55 to 64 years……….…
65 years and over……
96,508
17,055
16,099
15,854
18,293
14,651
14,556
67,933
9,839
14,476
14,417
15,852
10,191
3,158
70.4
57.7
89.9
90.9
86.7
69.6
21.7
60,905
7,788
12,854
13,203
14,600
9,506
2,954
63.1
45.7
79.8
83.3
79.8
64.9
20.3
7,028
2,051
1,623
1,214
1,252
685
203
10.3
20.8
11.2
8.4
7.9
6.7
6.4
28,575
7,216
1,622
1,437
2,442
4,460
11,398
Foreign born2
16 years and over……… 17,628
16 to 24 years……….… 1,871
25 to 34 years……...…
4,068
35 to 44 years………...
4,345
45 to 54 years…………
3,438
55 to 64 years……….… 2,047
65 years and over……
1,859
14,190
1,226
3,735
4,101
3,149
1,539
440
80.5
65.5
91.8
94.4
91.6
75.2
23.7
12,765
1,050
3,370
3,715
2,842
1,384
403
72.4
56.1
82.8
85.5
82.7
67.6
21.7
1,426
176
365
386
307
154
37
10.0
14.4
9.8
9.4
9.7
10.0
8.5
3,438
645
334
244
289
508
1,418
1
The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or
who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
2 The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside
the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents who were not U.S. citizens. This group
includes legally admitted immigrants, refugees, students, temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data,
however, do not separately identify the number of people in these categories.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
90
Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by sex, annual averages, 1983–2009
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Members of unions 1
Year
Total
employed
Women
Represented by
unions 2
Total
Percent of
employed
Total
Percent of
employed
1983……… 88,290
17,717
20.1
20,532
23.3
1984…...… 92,194
17,340
18.8
19,932
21.6
1985…….
1986 3……
94,521
16,996
18.0
19,358
96,903
16,975
17.5
19,278
Members of unions 1
Total
employed
Represented by
unions 2
Total
Percent of
employed
Total
Percent of
employed
40,433
5,908
14.6
7,262
18.0
42,172
5,829
13.8
7,100
16.8
20.5
43,506
5,732
13.2
6,910
15.9
19.9
44,961
5,802
12.9
6,961
15.5
1987…...… 99,303
16,913
17.0
19,051
19.2
46,365
5,842
12.6
6,907
14.9
1988……. 101,407
17,002
16.8
19,241
19.0
47,495
5,982
12.6
7,109
15.0
1989…...… 103,480
16,960
16.4
19,198
18.6
48,691
6,141
12.6
7,243
14.9
1990 3…… 104,876
16,776
16.0
19,105
18.2
49,323
6,179
12.5
7,330
14.9
1991...…… 103,723
16,612
16.0
18,790
18.1
49,105
6,142
12.5
7,247
14.8
1992……. 104,668
16,418
15.7
18,578
17.7
49,842
6,274
12.6
7,411
14.9
1993……. 106,101
1994 3…… 107,989
16,627
15.7
18,682
17.6
50,626
6,516
12.9
7,610
15.0
16,748
15.5
18,850
17.5
51,419
6,642
12.9
7,740
15.1
1995……. 110,038
16,360
14.9
18,346
16.7
52,369
6,430
12.3
7,479
14.3
1996…...… 111,960
1997 3…… 114,533
1998 3…… 116,730
16,269
14.5
18,158
16.2
53,488
6,410
12.0
7,397
13.8
16,110
14.1
17,923
15.6
54,708
6,347
11.6
7,304
13.4
16,211
13.9
17,918
15.4
55,757
6,362
11.4
7,280
13.1
1999 3…… 118,963
16,477
13.9
18,182
15.3
57,050
6,528
11.4
7,425
13.0
3
2000 …… 122,089
16,334
13.4
18,153
14.9
58,427
6,671
11.4
7,662
13.1
2001……. 122,229
2002……… 121,826
16,305
13.3
18,026
14.7
58,582
6,768
11.6
7,672
13.1
16,145
13.3
17,695
14.5
58,555
6,820
11.6
7,629
13.0
2003 …… 122,358
15,776
12.9
17,448
14.3
59,122
6,732
11.4
7,601
12.9
2004……… 123,554
15,472
12.5
17,087
13.8
59,408
6,593
11.1
7,450
12.5
2005……
3
125,889
15,685
12.5
17,223
13.7
60,423
6,815
11.3
7,626
12.6
2006……… 128,237
15,359
12.0
16,860
13.1
61,426
6,702
10.9
7,501
12.2
2007……… 129,767
2008 3…… 129,377
15,670
12.1
17,243
13.3
62,299
6,903
11.1
7,749
12.4
16,098
12.4
17,761
13.7
62,532
7,160
11.4
8,036
12.9
2009 …… 124,490
15,327
12.3
16,904
13.6
60,951
6,887
11.3
7,727
12.7
See footnotes at end of table.
91
Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary
workers by sex, annual averages, 1983–2009—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Members of unions 1
Year
Total
employed
Represented by
unions 2
Total
Percent of
employed
Total
Percent of
employed
1983……… 47,856
11,809
24.7
13,270
27.7
1984…...… 50,022
11,511
23.0
12,832
25.7
1985……. 51,015
1986 3…… 51,942
11,264
22.1
12,448
24.4
11,173
21.5
12,317
23.7
1987…...… 52,938
11,071
20.9
12,144
22.9
1988…….
53,912
11,019
20.4
12,132
22.5
1989…...… 54,789
10,820
19.7
11,955
21.8
1990 3…… 55,553
10,597
19.1
11,775
21.2
1991...…… 54,618
10,470
19.2
11,542
21.1
1992…….
54,826
10,144
18.5
11,167
20.4
1993……. 55,475
1994 3…… 56,570
10,112
18.2
11,072
20.0
10,106
17.9
11,110
19.6
1995…….
57,669
9,929
17.2
10,868
18.8
1996…...… 58,473
1997 3…… 59,825
1998 3…… 60,973
9,859
16.9
10,761
18.4
9,763
16.3
10,619
17.7
9,850
16.2
10,638
17.4
1999 3…… 61,914
9,949
16.1
10,758
17.4
3
2000 …… 63,662
9,664
15.2
10,491
16.5
2001……. 63,647
2002……… 63,272
2003 3…… 63,236
9,538
15.0
10,354
16.3
9,325
14.7
10,066
15.9
9,044
14.3
9,848
15.6
2004……… 64,145
8,878
13.8
9,638
15.0
2005……
65,466
8,870
13.5
9,597
14.7
2006……… 66,811
8,657
13.0
9,360
14.0
2007……… 67,468
2008 3…… 66,846
2009 …… 63,539
8,767
13.0
9,494
14.1
8,938
13.4
9,724
14.5
8,441
13.3
9,176
14.4
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee
association similar to a union.
2
Data refer to workers who are not members of unions but
whose jobs are covered by a union or employee association
contract, as well as to members of a labor union or an employee
association similar to a union.
3
Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an
explanation, see the Historical Comparability documentation
provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, regardless of
whether their businesses are incorporated.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor,
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
92
Table 36. Employment status of veterans 18 years of age and over by sex and period of service,
2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status and period of service
Women as a
percent of total
Total
Women
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
22,182
1,757
20,425
7.9
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
12,102
1,134
10,968
9.4
54.6
64.5
53.7
Employed……………………………………………………
11,119
1,042
10,076
Employment-population ratio……………………………
50.1
59.3
49.3
Unemployed…………………………………………………
983
91
892
Total veterans, 18 years of age and over
Participation rate………………………………………………
9.4
9.3
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.1
8.0
8.1
Not in labor force………………………………………………
10,080
623
9,457
6.2
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
1,940
347
1,593
17.9
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
15.9
Period of Service
Gulf War-era II veterans
1,620
257
1,363
Participation rate………………………………………………
83.5
74.2
85.6
Employed……………………………………………………
1,455
228
1,228
15.7
Employment-population ratio……………………………
75.0
65.6
77.1
Unemployed…………………………………………………
Unemployment
U
l
t rate………………………………………
t
165
10.2
10
2
30
11.5
11
5
136
9.9
99
18.2
Not in labor force………………………………………………
319
89
230
27.9
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
2,915
451
2,464
15.5
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
2,556
361
2,195
14.1
Participation rate………………………………………………
87.7
80.1
89.1
Employed……………………………………………………
2,361
335
2,026
14.2
Employment-population ratio……………………………
81.0
74.4
82.2
Unemployed…………………………………………………
195
26
169
Unemployment rate………………………………………
7.6
7.1
7.7
Not in labor force………………………………………………
358
90
269
25.1
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
11,390
382
11,008
3.4
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
4,356
133
4,223
3.1
Participation rate………………………………………………
38.2
34.8
38.4
Employed……………………………………………………
4,029
126
3,903
13.3
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Employment-population ratio……………………………
35.4
32.9
35.5
Unemployed…………………………………………………
327
7
320
Unemployment rate………………………………………
7.5
5.4
7.6
Not in labor force………………………………………………
7,034
249
6,785
See note at end of table.
93
3.1
2.1
3.5
Table 36. Employment status of veterans 18 years of age and over by sex and period of service,
2009 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status and period of service
Total
Women
Men
Women as a
percent of total
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
5,937
577
5,360
9.7
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
3,569
382
3,187
10.7
Participation rate………………………………………………
60.1
66.2
59.5
Employed……………………………………………………
3,273
354
2,919
Employment-population ratio……………………………
55.1
61.3
54.5
Unemployed…………………………………………………
296
29
267
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.3
7.5
8.4
Not in labor force………………………………………………
2,368
195
2,173
10.8
9.8
8.2
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the
survey. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September
2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July
1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods).
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served
during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
94
Table 37. Employment status of persons with disabilities by sex and age,
2009 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status and age
Total
Women
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
26,981
14,797
12,184
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
6,050
2,829
3,221
Total, 16 years of age and over
Participation rate………………………………………………
22.4
19.1
26.4
Employed……………………………………………………
5,174
2,439
2,735
Employment-population ratio……………………………
19.2
16.5
22.4
Unemployed…………………………………………………
876
390
486
Unemployment rate………………………………………
14.5
13.8
15.1
Not in labor force………………………………………………
20,931
11,968
8,963
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
14,845
7,611
7,234
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
5,220
2,475
2,745
16 to 64 years of age
Participation rate………………………………………………
35.2
32.5
37.9
Employed……………………………………………………
4,406
2,112
2,294
31.7
Employment-population ratio……………………………
29.7
27.7
Unemployed…………………………………………………
814
364
451
Unemployment rate………………………………………
Nott iin labor
N
l b force………………………………………………
f
15.6
9,625
9 625
14.7
5,136
5 136
16.4
4,489
4 489
12,136
7,185
4,950
830
353
476
65 years of age and over
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
Participation rate………………………………………………
6.8
4.9
9.6
Employed……………………………………………………
768
327
441
Employment-population ratio……………………………
6.3
4.6
8.9
Unemployed…………………………………………………
61
26
35
Unemployment rate………………………………………
7.4
7.3
7.4
Not in labor force………………………………………………
11,306
6,832
4,474
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: deaf or serious difficulty
hearing; blind or serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; serious difficulty concentrating,
remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; serious
difficulty walking or climbing stairs; difficulty dressing or bathing; or difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
95
Technical Note
T
he estimates in this report were obtained from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly
sample survey of approximately 60,000 households,
which provides a wide range of information on the labor
force, employment, and unemployment. Earnings and union
affiliation data are collected from one-fourth of the CPS
monthly sample. The survey is conducted for the U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau, using
a scientifically selected national sample with coverage in all
50 States and the District of Columbia.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may be
reproduced without permission. This information is available
to sensory-impaired individuals on request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339.
tutional population includes people 16 years of age and
older residing in the 50 States and the District of Columbia who are not confined to institutions (for example,
correctional facilities and residential nursing and mental
health care facilities) and who are not on active duty in
the Armed Forces.
Civilian labor force. This group comprises all people classified as employed or unemployed.
Employed persons. Employed persons are those who, during
the survey week, (a) did any work at all as paid civilians; (b)
worked in their own business or profession or on their own
farm; (c) worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a
family business; or (d) were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, vacation, bad weather, or another reason.
Reliability of the Estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and
nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than an entire
population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample
estimates may differ from the “true” population values they
represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies
depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than
1.6 standard errors from the true population value because
of sampling error. BLS analyses generally are conducted at
the 90-percent level of confidence.
All other types of error are referred to as nonsampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population,
inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide
correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of data. CPS data also are affected by nonsampling
error. The full extent of nonsampling error is unknown, but
special studies have been conducted to quantify some sources
of such error in the CPS. For further discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and information on estimating
standard errors, see the Household Data technical documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.
htm#reliability.
Unemployed persons. Unemployed persons are those who
had no employment during the survey week, were available
for work at that time, and made specific efforts to find employment sometime in the prior 4 weeks. Workers laid off
from their former jobs and awaiting recall did not need to be
looking for work to be classified as unemployed.
Civilian labor force participation rate. This rate is the civilian labor force as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
Employment-population ratio. This ratio represents the
proportion of the population that is employed.
Unemployment rate. This rate represents the number of
unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Race. White, Black or African American, and Asian are terms
used to describe race. People in these categories are those
who selected that race group only. Data for the remaining
race categories—American Indian or Alaska Native, Native
Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders, and people who selected
more than one race category—are included in totals but are
not shown separately because the number of survey respondents was too small to develop estimates of sufficient quality
for publication. In the survey process, race is determined by
the household respondent.
Concepts and Definitions
Concepts used in this report are defined below.
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This term refers to people
who identified themselves in the survey as being Spanish,
Civilian noninstitutional population. The civilian noninsti-
96
$50-wide interval that is centered on a multiple of $50. The
value of the median is estimated through a linear interpolation of the interval in which the median lies. Over-the-year
changes in the medians for specific groups may not necessarily be consistent with the movements estimated for the
overall group boundary. The most common reasons for this
possible anomaly follow: (1) There could be a change in the
relative weights of the subgroups. For example, the medians
of both 16- to 24-year-olds and those 25 years and over may
rise, but if the lower earning 16-to-24 age group accounts
for a greatly increased share of the total, the overall median
could actually fall. (2) There could be a large change in the
shape of the distribution of reported earnings. This could be
caused by survey observations that are clustered at rounded
values, for example, $300, $400, or $500. An estimate lying
in a $50-wide centered interval containing such a cluster, or
“spike,” tends to change more slowly than one in other intervals. Consider, for example, the calculation of the median
for a multipeaked distribution that shifts over time. As such
a distribution shifts, the median does not necessarily move
at the same rate. Specifically, the median takes relatively
more time to move through a frequently reported interval but,
once above the upper limit of such an interval, it can move
relatively quickly to the next frequently reported earnings
interval. BLS procedures for estimating medians mitigate
such irregular movements of the measures; however, users
should be cautious of these effects when evaluating shortterm changes in the medians, and in ratios of the medians.
Hispanic, or Latino. People whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Family. A family is a group of two or more people residing
together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.
Families are classified either as married-couple families or
as families maintained by women or men without spouses.
Families include those with children under 18 in the home
and those without children under 18.
Self-employed workers. Self-employed workers are those
who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession,
trade, or farm. Unincorporated self-employed are included in
the self-employed category. Self-employed workers whose
businesses are incorporated are included with wage and
salary workers.
Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive
wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece
rates. This includes employees in both the private and public
sectors. Union membership and earnings data of wage and
salary workers exclude all self-employed workers, both those
with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated
businesses.
Hourly paid workers. Workers who are paid an hourly wage
are a subset of wage and salary workers. Historically, workers
paid an hourly wage have made up approximately three-fifths
of all wage and salary workers. Estimates of median usual
weekly earnings in this report are based on the earnings of
all workers—those paid by the hour and those paid a salary
or on some other basis.
Hours at work. These are the actual hours worked (at all
jobs) during the survey reference week. For example, people
who normally work 40 hours a week but were off during the
Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32
hours, even if they were paid for the holiday.
Usual weekly earnings. Data are collected on wages and
salaries before taxes and other deductions and include any
overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the
principal job in the case of multiple jobholders). Earnings of
self-employed workers are excluded, regardless of whether
their businesses are incorporated. Prior to 1994, respondents
were asked to report earnings per week. Since January 1994,
respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for
them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice
monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they
usually earn in the reported period. Earnings reported on a
basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent.
The term “usual” is as perceived by the respondent. If the
respondent asks for a definition of usual, interviewers are
instructed to define the term as “more than half the weeks
worked during the past 4 or 5 months.”
Usual hours, or usual full- or part-time status. Data on people
“at work” exclude those who were temporarily absent from
a job and therefore classified in the zero-hours worked category, “with a job but not at work.” These are workers who
were absent from their jobs for the entire week for reasons
such as bad weather, vacation, illness, or involvement in a
labor dispute. To differentiate a person’s normal schedule
from his or her activity during the reference week, workers
also are classified according to their usual full- or part-time
status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined) per week.
This group includes workers who worked less than 35 hours
in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic
reasons and those who were temporarily absent from work.
Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work less
than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number
of hours worked in the reference week. This may include
some people who actually worked more than 34 hours in
the reference week, as well as those who were temporarily
absent from work.
Median weekly earnings. The median is the amount that
divides a given earnings distribution into two equal groups:
one having earnings above the median and the other having
earnings below the median. The BLS estimating procedure
for determining the median of an earnings distribution places
each reported or calculated weekly earnings value into a
97
Occupation and industry. This information applies to the job
held during the reference week. People with two or more jobs
are classified in the occupation and industry in which they
worked the greatest number of hours. The occupational
and industry classification of CPS data is based on the
2002 Census Occupational Classification system and the
2007 Census Industrial Classification system, which are
derived from the 2000 Standard Occupation Classification (SOC) and the 2007 North American Industry
Classification (NAICS). Additional information about
these classifications is available online at http://www.
bls.gov/cps/cpsoccind.htm.
[the survey reference year]?” Since the reference period is
a full year, the number of people with some employment
or unemployment greatly exceeds the average levels for
any given month, which are based on a 1-week reference
period, and the corresponding annual averages of monthly
estimates.
Poverty classification. Poverty statistics presented in this
report are based on definitions developed by the Social
Security Administration in 1964 and revised by the Federal
interagency committees in 1969 and 1981. These definitions
originally were based on the Department of Agriculture’s
Economy Food Plan and reflected the different consumption
requirements of families, based on factors such as family size
and the number of children under 18 years of age. The actual
poverty thresholds vary in accordance with the makeup of the
family. Poverty thresholds are updated each year to reflect
changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U). The thresholds do not vary geographically. For
more information on poverty data and thresholds, see http://
www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty.html.
Work experience. These data reflect work activity during the
calendar year and are obtained from the Annual Social and
Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the Current Population
Survey. Estimates of people who worked were based on
“yes” responses to the following questions in the ASEC:
“Did you work at a job or business at any time during [the
survey reference year]?” or “Did you do any temporary,
part-time, or seasonal work even for a few days during
98