Errors were found in table 26 of this report. The table was reissued on March 26, 2013, to correct the data.
Errors were found in table 33 of this report. The table was reissued on December 9, 2016, to correct the data.
U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
F E B R U A R Y
2 0 1 3
R E P O R T
1 0 4 0
Women in the Labor Force:
A Databook
survey of approximately 60,000 households conducted
by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics. Unless otherwise noted, data are annual
averages from the CPS. For a detailed description of the
source of the data and an explanation of concepts and
definitions used, see the Technical Notes at the end of
this report.
Selected demographic characteristics
Women’s labor force participation rate peaked at 60.0
percent in 1999, following several decades in which
women increasingly entered the labor market. In 2011,
58.1 percent of women were in the labor force, down 0.5
percentage point from 2010. (See tables 1 and 2.)
O
ver the past 4 decades, women have made notable
changes in their labor force activities. Labor force
participation is significantly higher among women
today than it was in the 1970s, particularly among women
with children, and a larger share of women are working full
time and year round. In addition, women have increasingly
attained higher levels of education: among women ages
25 to 64 who are in the labor force, the proportion with a
college degree roughly tripled from 1970 to 2011. Women’s
earnings as a proportion of men’s earnings also have grown
over time. In 1979, women working full time earned 62
percent of what men did; in 2011, women’s earnings were
82 percent of men’s.
This report presents historical and current labor force
and earnings data for women and men from the Current
Population Survey (CPS). The CPS is a national monthly
BLS Reports │ February 2013 • www.bls.gov
The overall unemployment rate for women in 2011 was
8.5 percent, compared with 9.4 percent for men. Women’s
jobless rates varied by race and Hispanic ethnicity. Asian
women had the lowest rate (7.3 percent), followed by
White (7.5 percent), Hispanic (11.8 percent), and Black
(14.1 percent) women. (See tables 1, 2, and 3.)
The labor force participation rate of mothers with children
under 18 years of age was 70.9 percent in March 2011,
down slightly from 2010. (See tables 6 and 7.) (Data
were collected in the 2011 Annual Social and Economic
Supplement to the CPS.)
CONTENTS
Highlights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–4
Statistical Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–98
Technical Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99–102
1
W O M E N I N T H E L A B O R F O R C E : A D ATA B O O K
In general, mothers with children 6 to 17 years of age are
more likely to participate in the labor force (76.5 percent
in March 2011) than mothers with children under 6 years
of age (64.2 percent). Also, unmarried mothers have higher
participation rates than married mothers. In March 2011,
74.9 percent of unmarried mothers with children under
18 years old were in the labor force, compared with 69.1
percent of married mothers. (See tables 6 and 7.) (Data
were collected in the 2011 Annual Social and Economic
Supplement to the CPS.)
Educational attainment
The educational attainment of women ages 25 to 64 in the
labor force has risen substantially over the past 40 years.
In 2011, 37 percent of these women held college degrees,
compared with 11 percent in 1970. About 7 percent of
women had less than a high school diploma (that is, did not
graduate high school) in 2011, down from 34 percent in
1970. (See table 9.)
Occupation and industry
In 2011, women accounted for 51 percent of all persons
employed in management, professional, and related
occupations, somewhat more than their share of total
employment (47 percent). The share of women in specific
occupations within this large category varied. For example,
14 percent of architects and engineers and 34 percent of
physicians and surgeons were women, whereas 61 percent
of accountants and auditors and 82 percent of elementary
and middle school teachers were women. (See table 11.)
Employed Asian and White women were more likely (44
and 42 percent, respectively) to work in higher paying
management, professional, and related occupations in 2011
than were employed Black (34 percent) and Hispanic (25
percent) women. Meanwhile, Hispanic (31 percent) and
Black (28 percent) women were more likely than White (20
percent) and Asian (22 percent) women to work in service
occupations. (See table 12.)
In 2011, women accounted for at least 50 percent of
all workers within several industry sectors: financial
activities, education and health services, leisure and
hospitality, and other services. However, women were
2
substantially underrepresented (relative to their share of
total employment) in agriculture, mining, construction,
manufacturing, and in transportation and utilities. (See
table 14.)
Earnings
Women who worked full time in wage and salary jobs
had median usual weekly earnings of $684 in 2011. This
represented 82 percent of men’s median weekly earnings
($832). Among women, earnings were higher for Asians
($751) and Whites ($703) than for Blacks ($595) and
Hispanics ($518). Women’s-to-men’s earnings ratios were
higher for Blacks and Hispanics (both 91 percent) than for
Whites (82 percent) and Asians (77 percent). Users should
note that the comparisons of earnings in this report are on a
broad level and do not control for many factors that may be
significant in explaining earnings differences. (See table 16.)
In 2011, female full-time wage and salary workers ages
25 and older with only a high school diploma had median
usual weekly earnings of $554. This represented 81
percent of the earnings for women with an associate’s
degree ($682) and 56 percent of those for women with a
bachelor’s degree or higher ($998). (See table 17.)
Hours of work
In 2011, 27 percent of employed women usually worked
part time—that is, fewer than 35 hours per week. In
comparison, 11 percent of employed men usually worked
part time. (See table 20.)
Women employed in nonagricultural industries worked
fewer hours per week than men in 2011. On average,
women worked 35.6 hours per week, compared with 40.6
hours for men. (See table 21.)
Of all women who worked at some point during calendar
year 2010, 59 percent worked full time and year round,
compared with 41 percent in 1970. During the same period,
the proportion of men who worked full time and year round
rose slightly, from 66 to 69 percent. (Data were collected
in the 1971 and 2011 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work
experience in the previous calendar year.) (See table 22.)
BLS Reports │ February 2013 • www.bls.gov
W O M E N I N T H E L A B O R F O R C E : A D ATA B O O K
Married-couple families
Among married-couple families, 54 percent had earnings
from both the wife and the husband in 2010, compared with
44 percent in 1967. Couples in which only the husband
worked represented 19 percent of married-couple families
in 2010, compared with 36 percent in 1967. (See table 23.)
(Data were collected in the 1968 and 2011 Annual Social
and Economic Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings
and work experience in the prior calendar year.)
In 2010, working wives contributed 38 percent of their
families’ incomes, up about 11 percentage points from
1970, when wives’ earnings accounted for 27 percent
of their families’ total income. The proportion of wives
earning more than their husbands also has grown. In 1987,
18 percent of working wives whose husbands also worked
earned more than their spouses; in 2010, the proportion was
29 percent. (See tables 24 and 25.) (Data were collected
in the 1971, 1988, and 2011 Annual Social and Economic
Supplements to the CPS and reflect earnings and work
experience in the prior calendar year.)
Minimum wage and working poor
In 2011, approximately 2.4 million women who were paid
at an hourly rate had earnings at or below the prevailing
federal minimum wage. This represented 6 percent of all
women paid at an hourly rate. Among women 25 years and
older who were paid hourly rates, 4 percent had earnings at
or below the minimum wage, compared with 16 percent of
women ages 16 to 24. (See table 26.)
Among workers who were in the labor force for at least
27 weeks in 2010, about the same number of women (5.2
million) and men (5.3 million) lived below the official
poverty level. The working-poor rate (the ratio of the
working poor to all individuals in the labor force for at
least 27 weeks), however, was higher for women than for
men—7.6 percent, compared with 6.7 percent. Black and
Hispanic women were significantly more likely than their
White or Asian counterparts to be among the working
poor. The working-poor rates for Black and Hispanic
women were 14.5 percent and 13.8 percent, respectively,
compared with 6.6 percent and 5.2 percent, respectively,
for White and Asian women. (See table 27.) (Data are
from the 2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplement
to the CPS and reflect earnings and work experience in the
prior calendar year.)
Worker displacement and tenure
From January 2009 through December 2011, 6.1 million
workers ages 20 and older were displaced from jobs they
had held for at least 3 years; women accounted for about
44 percent of those displaced. Women were less likely
than men to have found a new job at the time of the survey
in January 2012: the reemployment rate for women was
50 percent, compared with 61 percent for men. Among
displaced workers, the proportion of women who were
unemployed at the time of the survey in January 2012
was higher than for men—31 percent, compared with 23
percent. Women were slightly more likely than men to have
left the labor force, 20 percent, compared with 16 percent.
(See table 28.) (Data are from the January 2012 Displaced
Worker Supplement to the CPS.)
In January 2012, the median number of years that female
wage and salary workers had been with their employer was
4.6, compared with 4.7 years for their male counterparts.
(See table 29.) (Data are from the January 2012 Displaced
Worker Supplement to the CPS.)
Other characteristics
Among 2011 high school graduates, young women were
more likely than young men to be enrolled in college in
October 2011 (72 percent, compared with 65 percent,
respectively). (See table 30.) (Data are from the October
2011 School Enrollment Supplement to the CPS.)
In October 2011, 41.8 percent of women ages 16 to 24 who
were enrolled in either high school or college were in the labor
force. Young men of the same age group who were enrolled
in school had a lower labor force participation rate (36.2
percent). Among those not enrolled in school, women were
less likely to be in the labor force than men (74.0 percent,
compared with 84.8 percent). (See table 31.) (Data are from
the October 2011 School Enrollment Supplement to the CPS.)
Young women 16 to 24 years old who were not enrolled in
school and who did not have a high school diploma were
significantly less likely to participate in the labor force
BLS Reports │ February 2013 • www.bls.gov3 W O M E N I N T H E L A B O R F O R C E : A D ATA B O O K
(57.0 percent) in October 2011 than those who had a high
school diploma but no additional education (68.4 percent).
Among those in the labor force, high school dropouts were
more likely to be unemployed (31.2 percent) than were
high school graduates (19.0 percent). (See table 31.) (Data
are from the October 2011 School Enrollment Supplement
to the CPS.)
Multiple jobholders and the self-employed
In 2011, 5.3 percent of employed women held more
than one job. The rate for men was lower, at 4.6 percent.
Multiple jobholding rates for women and men have edged
down in recent years and remain below the rates recorded
in the mid-1990s. (See table 32.)
In 2011, 5.1 percent of working women in nonagricultural
industries were self-employed, compared with 7.1 percent
for their male counterparts. In 2011, 39 percent of all selfemployed persons were women, compared with 27 percent
in 1976. (See table 33.)
native-born men (68.8 percent) and were somewhat less
likely to be unemployed (8.8 percent, compared with 9.5
percent). (See table 34.)
Union membership
In 2011, 11.2 percent of female wage and salary workers
were members of unions, compared with 12.4 percent of
their male counterparts. For both men and women, the
union membership rate in 2011 was lower than in 1983, but
the rate has fallen much more for men over the 1983–2011
period—12.3 percentage points, compared with 3.4 points
for women. (See table 35.)
Veterans
In 2011, there were 11.3 million veterans of the U.S.
Armed Forces in the labor force. Ten percent of these
veterans were women. Among female veterans in the labor
force, a little more than half (56 percent) served in the Gulf
War-era I and II service periods (August 1990 to present).
(See table 36.)
Foreign born
In 2011, foreign-born women were somewhat less likely
than native-born women to be in the labor force (54.6
percent, compared with 58.7 percent). Of those in the
labor force, foreign-born women were more likely to
be unemployed than their native-born counterparts (9.5
percent, compared with 8.3 percent). Foreign-born men
were more likely to be in the labor force (79.5 percent) than
4
Women with disabilities
Of the 14.7 million women with disabilities in 2011, 2.6
million, or 17.4 percent, were in the labor force. Nearly
half of women with disabilities were age 65 and older;
labor force participation among them was 4.8 percent,
compared with 29.6 percent among those ages 16 to 64.
(See table 37.)
BLS Reports │ February 2013 • www.bls.gov
W O M E N I N T H E L A B O R F O R C E : A D ATA B O O K
Statistical Tables
Selected demographic characteristics
Page
1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2011 annual averages ................................. 7
2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1970–2011 annual averages.....10
3. Employment status by race, age, sex, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages ..........................................13
4. Employment status by marital status and sex, 2011 annual averages ...................................................................................15
5. Employment status by sex, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2011 .................16
6. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, March 2011 .......................................................................................................................18
7. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, March 1975–2011 .................................................21
Educational attainment
8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 2011 annual averages .........................................................................................................24
9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by educational attainment and sex, 1970–2011 .......25
Occupation and industry
10. Employed persons by major occupation and sex, 2010–2011 annual averages ..............................................................29
11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages.....................................................................31
12. Employed women by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages ..................................4
13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2010–2011 annual averages..............................................................................4
14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages..........................................................................4
15. Employed women by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages.......................................5
Earnings
16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 1979–2011 annual averages .....................................................................................55
17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers 25 years of age and over by
educational attainment and sex, 2011 annual averages .........................................................................................................57
18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages ..............................................................................................................................................................59
19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by industry and sex, 2011 annual averages ............72
Hours of work
20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2011 annual averages.........................................................73
21. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in nonagricultural industries by sex, 1976–2011 annual averages .....77
22. Work experience of the population by sex and full- and part-time status, selected years, 1970–2010 ................................78
BLS Reports │ February 2013 • www.bls.gov5 W O M E N I N T H E L A B O R F O R C E : A D ATA B O O K
Statistical Tables continued
Married-couple families
Page
23. Married-couple families by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2010 ................................................................79
24. Contribution of wives’ earnings to family income, 1970–2010 ......................................................................................81
25. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2010 ..................................................................................................82
Minimum wage and working poor
26. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing Federal minimum wage by
selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages ......................................................................................................................83
27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more by age, sex, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2010 ..................................................................................................................................85
Worker displacement and tenure
28. Displaced workers by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and employment status in January 2012 ................87
29. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by age and sex,
selected years, 1998–2012 ...............................................................................................................................................88
Other characteristics
30. Labor force status of 2011 high school graduates and 2010–2011 high school dropouts 16 to 24 years old by
school enrollment and sex, October 2011 .......................................................................................................................89
31. Labor force status of people 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and educational attainment,
October 2011 ...................................................................................................................................................................90
32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates by sex and race, 1994–2011 annual averages..................................91
33. Unincorporated self-employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, 1976–2011 annual averages....................92
34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian noninstitutional population by
age and sex, 2011 annual averages ..................................................................................................................................93
35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by sex, annual averages, 1983–2011 ......................................95
36. Employment status of SHUVRQV\HDUVDQGRYHUE\veteransWDWXV period of service, DQGVH[
2011 annual averages .97
37. Employment and disability status by sex and age, 2011 annual averages ......................................................................99
6
BLS Reports │ February 2013 • www.bls.gov
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2011
annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Not in
labor
force
Total
Percent of
labor force
8.9
86,001
Total, both sexes
16 years and over ……...
239,618
16 to 19 years …….…… 16,774
153,617
64.1
139,869
58.4
13,747
5,727
34.1
4,327
25.8
1,400
24.4
11,048
16 to 17 years………
8,727
1,873
21.5
1,355
15.5
519
27.7
6,854
18 to 19 years………
8,048
3,853
47.9
2,972
36.9
881
22.9
4,194
20 to 24 years………....
21,423
15,270
71.3
13,036
60.8
2,234
14.6
6,153
25 to 54 years……….… 124,704
101,744
81.6
93,674
75.1
8,069
7.9
22,961
25 to 34 years………
41,364
33,724
81.5
30,537
73.8
3,187
9.5
7,639
25 to 29 years……
21,119
17,137
81.1
15,380
72.8
1,757
10.3
3,982
30 to 34 years……
20,245
16,588
81.9
15,158
74.9
1,430
8.6
3,657
35 to 44 years………
39,499
32,660
82.7
30,270
76.6
2,389
7.3
6,839
35 to 39 years……
19,022
15,688
82.5
14,512
76.3
1,176
7.5
3,335
40 to 44 years……
20,476
16,972
82.9
15,758
77.0
1,214
7.2
3,504
45 to
t 54 years………
43 842
43,842
35 360
35,360
80 7
80.7
32 867
32,867
75 0
75.0
2 493
2,493
71
7.1
8 483
8,483
45 to 49 years…….
21,788
17,901
82.2
16,594
76.2
1,307
7.3
3,887
50 to 54 years……
22,054
17,458
79.2
16,272
73.8
1,186
6.8
4,596
55 to 64 years…………
36,987
23,765
64.3
22,186
60.0
1,579
6.6
13,222
55 to 59 years………
19,670
14,324
72.8
13,389
68.1
935
6.5
5,346
60 to 64 years………
17,317
9,440
54.5
8,796
50.8
644
6.8
7,877
65 years and over…….
39,729
7,112
17.9
6,647
16.7
465
6.5
32,617
65 to 69 years………
12,546
4,027
32.1
3,750
29.9
277
6.9
8,520
70 to 74 years………
9,309
1,752
18.8
1,639
17.6
113
6.5
7,557
75 years and over…… 17,873
1,333
7.5
1,258
7.0
75
5.6
16,540
7
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2011
annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor
force
Women
16 years and over ……...
123,300
71,642
58.1
65,579
53.2
6,063
8.5
51,658
16 to 19 years …….……
8,193
2,832
34.6
2,219
27.1
613
21.7
5,361
16 to 17 years………
4,241
957
22.6
705
16.6
252
26.3
3,284
18 to 19 years………
3,952
1,875
47.4
1,514
38.3
362
19.3
2,077
20 to 24 years………....
10,579
7,169
67.8
6,209
58.7
960
13.4
3,410
25 to 54 years……….…
63,096
47,105
74.7
43,517
69.0
3,588
7.6
15,991
25 to 34 years………
20,653
15,255
73.9
13,863
67.1
1,392
9.1
5,398
25 to 29 years……
10,453
7,773
74.4
7,032
67.3
741
9.5
2,680
30 to 34 years……
10,200
7,482
73.4
6,831
67.0
651
8.7
2,717
35 to 44 years………
20,053
14,973
74.7
13,900
69.3
1,073
7.2
5,079
35 to 39 years……
9,649
7,109
73.7
6,563
68.0
546
7.7
2,540
40 to 44 years……
10,404
7,864
75.6
7,337
70.5
527
6.7
2,539
45 to 54 years
years………
22 391
22,391
16 876
16,876
75 4
75.4
15 753
15,753
70 4
70.4
1 123
1,123
67
6.7
5 514
5,514
45 to 49 years…….
11,106
8,491
76.5
7,899
71.1
592
7.0
2,615
50 to 54 years……
11,284
8,386
74.3
7,854
69.6
531
6.3
2,899
55 to 64 years…………
19,177
11,414
59.5
10,717
55.9
697
6.1
7,763
55 to 59 years………
10,146
6,874
67.7
6,457
63.6
417
6.1
3,272
60 to 64 years………
9,031
4,540
50.3
4,260
47.2
280
6.2
4,491
65 years and over…….
22,255
3,121
14.0
2,917
13.1
204
6.5
19,133
65 to 69 years………
6,634
1,814
27.3
1,694
25.5
121
6.7
4,820
70 to 74 years………
5,038
735
14.6
684
13.6
51
6.9
4,303
75 years and over…… 10,583
572
5.4
539
5.1
33
5.7
10,011
8
Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by age and sex, 2011
annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor
force
Men
16 years and over ……...
116,317
81,975
70.5
74,290
63.9
7,684
9.4
34,343
16 to 19 years …….……
8,582
2,895
33.7
2,108
24.6
786
27.2
5,687
16 to 17 years………
4,486
917
20.4
650
14.5
267
29.1
3,570
18 to 19 years………
4,095
1,978
48.3
1,459
35.6
520
26.3
2,117
20 to 24 years………....
10,844
8,101
74.7
6,826
63.0
1,275
15.7
2,743
25 to 54 years……….…
61,608
54,638
88.7
50,157
81.4
4,481
8.2
6,970
25 to 34 years………
20,711
18,469
89.2
16,674
80.5
1,795
9.7
2,242
25 to 29 years……
10,666
9,364
87.8
8,347
78.3
1,017
10.9
1,302
30 to 34 years……
10,045
9,105
90.6
8,327
82.9
779
8.6
940
35 to 44 years………
19,446
17,686
90.9
16,370
84.2
1,316
7.4
1,760
35 to 39 years……
9,373
8,578
91.5
7,949
84.8
630
7.3
795
40 to 44 years……
10,073
9,108
90.4
8,421
83.6
686
7.5
965
45 to 54 years
years………
21 451
21,451
18 483
18,483
86 2
86.2
17 113
17,113
79 8
79.8
1 370
1,370
74
7.4
2 968
2,968
45 to 49 years…….
10,682
9,410
88.1
8,695
81.4
715
7.6
1,272
50 to 54 years……
10,770
9,073
84.2
8,418
78.2
655
7.2
1,697
55 to 64 years…………
17,810
12,350
69.3
11,469
64.4
882
7.1
5,460
55 to 59 years………
9,524
7,450
78.2
6,932
72.8
518
7.0
2,074
60 to 64 years………
8,286
4,900
59.1
4,536
54.7
364
7.4
3,386
65 years and over…….
17,474
3,990
22.8
3,730
21.3
261
6.5
13,484
65 to 69 years………
5,912
2,212
37.4
2,056
34.8
156
7.1
3,700
70 to 74 years………
4,272
1,017
23.8
955
22.4
62
6.1
3,254
75 years and over……
7,290
761
10.4
719
9.9
42
5.5
6,529
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
9
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex,
1970–2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in labor
force
Total, both sexes
1970…….……
1971…….……
1972 1………
1973 1………
1974…….……
1975…….……
1976…….……
1977…….……
1978 1….......
1979…………
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
57.5
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980…………
1981…...……
1982…...……
1983…...……
1984…...……
1985…...……
1986 1….......
1987…………
1988…...……
1989…………
167,745
170,130
172,271
174,215
176,383
178,206
180,587
182,753
184,613
186,393
106,940
108,670
110,204
111,550
113,544
115,461
117,834
119,865
121,669
123,869
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
7,637
8,273
10,678
10,717
8,539
8,312
8,237
7,425
6,701
6,528
7.1
7.6
9.7
9.6
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.2
5.5
5.3
60,806
61,460
62,067
62,665
62,839
62,744
62,752
62,888
62,944
62,523
1990 1….......
1991…...……
1992…...……
1993…...……
1994 1….......
1995…...……
1996…...……
1997 1….......
1998 1….......
1999 1….......
189,164
190,925
192,805
194,838
196,814
198,584
200,591
203,133
205,220
207,753
125,840
126,346
128,105
129,200
131,056
132,304
133,943
136,297
137,673
139,368
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1
118,793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3
7,047
8,628
9,613
8,940
7,996
7,404
7,236
6,739
6,210
5,880
5.6
6.8
7.5
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.2
63,324
64,578
64,700
65,638
65,758
66,280
66,647
66,837
67,547
68,385
2000 1….......
2001 …………
2002 …………
2003 1….......
2004 …........
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008 1….......
2009…………
212,577
215,092
217,570
221,168
223,357
226,082
228,815
231,867
233,788
235,801
142,583
143,734
144,863
146,510
147,401
149,320
151,428
153,124
154,287
154,142
67.1
66.8
66.6
66.2
66.0
66.0
66.2
66.0
66.0
65.4
136,891
136,933
136,485
137,736
139,252
141,730
144,427
146,047
145,362
139,877
64.4
63.7
62.7
62.3
62.3
62.7
63.1
63.0
62.2
59.3
5,692
6,801
8,378
8,774
8,149
7,591
7,001
7,078
8,924
14,265
4.0
4.7
5.8
6.0
5.5
5.1
4.6
4.6
5.8
9.3
69,994
71,359
72,707
74,658
75,956
76,762
77,387
78,743
79,501
81,659
2010…………
2011….........
237,830
239,618
153,889
153,617
64.7
64.1
139,064
139,869
58.5
58.4
14,825
13,747
9.6
8.9
83,941
86,001
See footnote at end of table.
10
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex,
1970–2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in labor
force
Women
1970…….……
1971…….……
1972 1………
1973 1………
1974…….……
1975…….……
1976…….……
1977…….……
1978 1….......
1979…………
72,782
74,274
76,290
77,804
79,312
80,860
82,390
83,840
85,334
86,843
31,543
32,202
33,479
34,804
36,211
37,475
38,983
40,613
42,631
44,235
43.3
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
50.9
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
40.8
40.4
41.0
42.0
42.6
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.4
47.5
1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608
1980…………
1981…...……
1982…...……
1983…...……
1984…...……
1985…...……
1986 1….......
1987…………
1988…...……
1989…………
88,348
89,618
90,748
91,684
92,778
93,736
94,789
95,853
96,756
97,630
45,487
46,696
47,755
48,503
49,709
51,050
52,413
53,658
54,742
56,030
51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
53.6
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
47.7
48.0
47.7
48.0
49.5
50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
3,370
3,696
4,499
4,457
3,794
3,791
3,707
3,324
3,046
3,003
7.4
7.9
9.4
9.2
7.6
7.4
7.1
6.2
5.6
5.4
42,861
42,922
42,993
43,181
43,068
42,686
42,376
42,195
42,014
41,601
1990 1….......
1991…...……
1992…...……
1993…...……
1994 1….......
1995…...……
1996…...……
1997 1….......
1998 1….......
1999 1….......
98,787
99,646
100,535
101,506
102,460
103,406
104,385
105,418
106,462
108,031
56,829
57,178
58,141
58,795
60,239
60,944
61,857
63,036
63,714
64,855
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4
3,140
3,683
4,090
3,885
3,629
3,421
3,356
3,162
2,944
2,814
5.5
6.4
7.0
6.6
6.0
5.6
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.3
41,957
42,468
42,394
42,711
42,221
42,462
42,528
42,382
42,748
43,175
2000 1….......
2001 …………
2002 …………
2003 1….......
2004 …........
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008 1….......
2009…………
110,613
111,811
112,985
114,733
115,647
116,931
118,210
119,694
120,675
121,665
66,303
66,848
67,363
68,272
68,421
69,288
70,173
70,988
71,767
72,019
59.9
59.8
59.6
59.5
59.2
59.3
59.4
59.3
59.5
59.2
63,586
63,737
63,582
64,404
64,728
65,757
66,925
67,792
67,876
66,208
57.5
57.0
56.3
56.1
56.0
56.2
56.6
56.6
56.2
54.4
2,717
3,111
3,781
3,868
3,694
3,531
3,247
3,196
3,891
5,811
4.1
4.7
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.1
4.6
4.5
5.4
8.1
44,310
44,962
45,621
46,461
47,225
47,643
48,037
48,707
48,908
49,646
2010…………
2011….........
122,656
123,300
71,904
71,642
58.6
58.1
65,705
65,579
53.6
53.2
6,199
6,063
8.6
8.5
50,752
51,658
See footnote at end of table.
11
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex,
1970–2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Year
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Not in labor
force
Percent of
labor force
Men
1970…….……
1971…….……
1972 1………
1973 1………
1974…….……
1975…….……
1976…….……
1977…….……
1978 1….......
1979…………
64,304
65,942
67,835
69,292
70,808
72,291
73,759
75,193
76,576
78,020
51,228
52,180
53,555
54,624
55,739
56,299
57,174
58,396
59,620
60,726
79.7
79.1
78.9
78.8
78.7
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.8
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
76.2
74.9
75.0
75.5
74.9
71.7
72.0
72.8
73.8
73.8
2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293
1980…………
1981…...……
1982…...……
1983…...……
1984…...……
1985…...……
1986 1….......
1987…………
1988…...……
1989
1989…………
79,398
80,511
81,523
82,531
83,605
84,469
85,798
86,899
87,857
88 762
88,762
61,453
61,974
62,450
63,047
63,835
64,411
65,422
66,207
66,927
67 840
67,840
77.4
77.0
76.6
76.4
76.4
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76 4
76.4
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64 315
64,315
72.0
71.3
69.0
68.8
70.7
70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72 5
72.5
4,267
4,577
6,179
6,260
4,744
4,521
4,530
4,101
3,655
3 525
3,525
6.9
7.4
9.9
9.9
7.4
7.0
6.9
6.2
5.5
52
5.2
17,945
18,537
19,073
19,484
19,771
20,058
20,376
20,692
20,930
20 923
20,923
1990 1….......
1991…...……
1992…...……
1993…...……
1994 1….......
1995…...……
1996…...……
1997 1….......
1998 1….......
1999 1….......
90,377
91,278
92,270
93,332
94,355
95,178
96,206
97,715
98,758
99,722
69,011
69,168
69,964
70,404
70,817
71,360
72,087
73,261
73,959
74,512
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71,446
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6
3,906
4,946
5,523
5,055
4,367
3,983
3,880
3,577
3,266
3,066
5.7
7.2
7.9
7.2
6.2
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.4
4.1
21,367
22,110
22,306
22,927
23,538
23,818
24,119
24,454
24,799
25,210
2000 1….......
2001 …………
2002 …………
2003 1….......
2004 …........
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008 1….......
2009…………
101,964
103,282
104,585
106,435
107,710
109,151
110,605
112,173
113,113
114,136
76,280
76,886
77,500
78,238
78,980
80,033
81,255
82,136
82,520
82,123
74.8
74.4
74.1
73.5
73.3
73.3
73.5
73.2
73.0
72.0
73,305
73,196
72,903
73,332
74,524
75,973
77,502
78,254
77,486
73,670
71.9
70.9
69.7
68.9
69.2
69.6
70.1
69.8
68.5
64.5
2,975
3,690
4,597
4,906
4,456
4,059
3,753
3,882
5,033
8,453
3.9
4.8
5.9
6.3
5.6
5.1
4.6
4.7
6.1
10.3
25,684
26,396
27,085
28,197
28,730
29,119
29,350
30,036
30,593
32,013
2010….........
2011….........
115,174
116,317
81,985
81,975
71.2
70.5
73,359
74,290
63.7
63.9
8,626
7,684
10.5
9.4
33,189
34,343
1 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual
changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the historical comparability section of the
household data technical documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
12
Table 3. Employment status by race, age, sex, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Race, age, sex, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Unemployed
Not in
labor
force
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
124,579
4,714
12,120
81,381
20,188
6,175
64.5
36.8
73.2
82.5
65.5
18.1
114,690
3,691
10,574
75,708
18,937
5,780
59.4
28.8
63.8
76.7
61.5
16.9
9,889
1,024
1,546
5,673
1,251
395
7.9
21.7
12.8
7.0
6.2
6.4
68,498
8,103
4,442
17,311
10,610
28,031
Total
White
Total, 16 years and over……… 193,077
16 to 19 years………………
12,818
20 to 24 years……………..… 16,562
25 to 54 years………………
98,692
55 to 64 years………………
30,799
34,206
65 years and over…………..
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………….....…
20 to 24 years…………….…
25 to 54 years……………..…
55 to 64 years……………....
65 years and over…………..
98,276
6,208
8,077
49,218
15,781
18,992
57,028
2,328
5,581
36,879
9,559
2,681
58.0
37.5
69.1
74.9
60.6
14.1
52,770
1,889
4,943
34,423
9,005
2,509
53.7
30.4
61.2
69.9
57.1
13.2
4,257
439
637
2,456
554
171
7.5
18.9
11.4
6.7
5.8
6.4
41,248
3,880
2,496
12,339
6,221
16,312
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years…………….…
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years……………..…
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
94,801
6,610
8,485
49,474
15,018
15,213
67,551
2,386
6,539
44,502
10,629
3,494
71.3
36.1
77.1
90.0
70.8
23.0
61,920
1,802
5,630
41,285
9,932
3,271
65.3
27.3
66.4
83.4
66.1
21.5
5,631
585
909
3,217
697
223
8.3
24.5
13.9
7.2
6.6
6.4
27,249
4,223
1,946
4,972
4,389
11,719
Total, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
29,114
2,594
3,168
15,958
3,955
3,440
17,881
647
2,105
12,420
2,155
555
61.4
24.9
66.5
77.8
54.5
16.1
15,051
380
1,574
10,645
1,943
508
51.7
14.7
49.7
66.7
49.1
14.8
2,831
267
531
1,775
212
47
15.8
41.3
25.2
14.3
9.8
8.4
11,233
1,947
1,063
3,539
1,800
2,885
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
15,950
1,312
1,657
8,689
2,196
2,096
9,427
318
1,093
6,547
1,172
298
59.1
24.2
65.9
75.4
53.4
14.2
8,098
193
840
5,708
1,086
272
50.8
14.7
50.7
65.7
49.4
13.0
1,329
125
253
839
86
25
14.1
39.4
23.1
12.8
7.4
8.5
6,523
994
565
2,142
1,024
1,798
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
13,164
1,282
1,510
7,269
1,759
1,344
8,454
329
1,012
5,872
983
257
64.2
25.7
67.0
80.8
55.9
19.1
6,953
187
734
4,937
858
236
52.8
14.6
48.6
67.9
48.8
17.5
1,502
142
278
935
125
21
17.8
43.1
27.4
15.9
12.7
8.2
4,710
953
498
1,397
775
1,087
Black or
African American
See note at end of table.
13
Table 3. Employment status by race, age, sex, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual
averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Race, age, sex, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor
force
Asian
Total, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
11,439
652
940
6,789
1,555
1,504
7,386
141
518
5,428
1,032
266
64.6
21.7
55.1
80.0
66.3
17.7
6,867
106
461
5,097
953
250
60.0
16.2
49.1
75.1
61.3
16.6
518
36
57
332
78
16
7.0
25.2
11.0
6.1
7.6
6.0
4,054
510
421
1,360
524
1,238
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years……………...…
65 years and over……………
6,011
321
467
3,534
848
841
3,414
75
249
2,493
501
97
56.8
23.4
53.2
70.5
59.1
11.6
3,165
60
223
2,329
461
92
52.6
18.6
47.8
65.9
54.4
10.9
250
15
25
164
40
5
7.3
20.5
10.1
6.6
7.9
5.3
2,596
246
219
1,041
347
744
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years……………...…
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
5,429
331
472
3,255
707
663
3,972
66
269
2,936
531
169
73.2
20.1
57.1
90.2
75.0
25.5
3,703
46
238
2,768
492
158
68.2
13.9
50.4
85.1
69.6
23.9
269
20
32
168
39
11
6.8
30.5
11.7
5.7
7.3
6.4
1,457
265
203
319
177
494
Total, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
34,438
3,407
4,193
20,624
3,311
2,903
22,898
965
3,017
16,390
2,015
511
66.5
28.3
72.0
79.5
60.8
17.6
20,269
665
2,544
14,774
1,820
465
58.9
19.5
60.7
71.6
55.0
16.0
2,629
300
473
1,616
195
45
11.5
31.1
15.7
9.9
9.7
8.8
11,540
2,442
1,175
4,234
1,296
2,393
Women, 16 years and over…
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
16,685
1,595
1,915
9,825
1,707
1,643
9,322
419
1,206
6,587
893
217
55.9
26.3
63.0
67.0
52.3
13.2
8,220
301
1,010
5,894
814
200
49.3
18.9
52.7
60.0
47.7
12.1
1,102
118
196
692
78
17
11.8
28.1
16.3
10.5
8.8
8.0
7,363
1,176
709
3,238
814
1,426
Men, 16 years and over………
16 to 19 years………………
20 to 24 years………………
25 to 54 years………………
55 to 64 years………………
65 years and over……………
17,753
1,812
2,278
10,799
1,604
1,260
13,576
545
1,811
9,803
1,122
293
76.5
30.1
79.5
90.8
69.9
23.3
12,049
364
1,535
8,880
1,006
266
67.9
20.1
67.4
82.2
62.7
21.1
1,527
182
277
924
116
28
11.2
33.3
15.3
9.4
10.4
9.5
4,177
1,266
467
996
482
966
Hi
Hispanic
i or
Latino ethnicity
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of
any race.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
14
Table 4. Employment status by marital status and sex, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Marital status and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Total
Total, 16 years and over………....
Married, spouse present………..
Unmarried, total……………..……
Never married……………….….
Other marital status…………….
Divorced……………………..…
Separated………………….….
Widowed……………….……..
239,618
121,419
118,199
71,048
47,151
24,374
8,683
14,094
153,617
82,095
71,521
46,178
25,343
16,522
5,864
2,958
64.1
67.6
60.5
65.0
53.7
67.8
67.5
21.0
139,869
77,393
62,476
39,739
22,737
14,907
5,139
2,690
58.4
63.7
52.9
55.9
48.2
61.2
59.2
19.1
13,747
4,702
9,045
6,439
2,606
1,614
725
267
8.9
5.7
12.6
13.9
10.3
9.8
12.4
9.0
86,001
39,323
46,677
24,869
21,808
7,853
2,819
11,136
123,300
60,061
63,240
33,266
29,974
13,954
4,836
11,185
71,642
36,141
35,501
20,878
14,623
9,303
3,069
2,251
58.1
60.2
56.1
62.8
48.8
66.7
63.5
20.1
65,579
34,110
31,469
18,266
13,203
8,484
2,662
2,057
53.2
56.8
49.8
54.9
44.0
60.8
55.1
18.4
6,063
2,031
4,032
2,612
1,420
820
406
194
8.5
5.6
11.4
12.5
9.7
8.8
13.2
8.6
51,658
23,919
27,739
12,388
15,351
4,650
1,767
8,934
116,317
61,358
54,959
37,782
17,177
10,421
3,847
2,909
81,975
45,954
36,020
25,301
10,719
7,218
2,795
706
70.5
74.9
65.5
67.0
62.4
69.3
72.7
24.3
74,290
43,283
31,007
21,474
9,533
6,424
2,477
633
63.9
70.5
56.4
56.8
55.5
61.6
64.4
21.8
7,684
2,671
5,013
3,827
1,186
794
318
74
9.4
5.8
13.9
15.1
11.1
11.0
11.4
10.4
34,343
15,404
18,939
12,481
6,457
3,202
1,052
2,203
Women
Total, 16 years and over………....
Married, spouse present………..
Unmarried, total……….…………
Never married…………...…….
Other marital status…………...
Divorced…………………….…
Separated……………………..
Widowed………………….…..
Men
Total, 16 years and over………....
Married, spouse present………..
Unmarried, total……………….…
Never married………………....
Other marital status……….…..
Divorced………………………
Separated……………….…….
Widowed…………………..…..
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
15
Table 5. Employment status by sex, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
March 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Total
Women, 16 years and over…………….. 123,012
With children under 18 years old………
36,172
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
19,750
With children under 6 years old………
16,422
With children under 3 years old……
9,621
With no children under 18 years old…… 86,165
71,574
58.2
65,679
5,895
8.2
51,438
23,510
14,058
9,452
5,240
42,256
53.4
65.0
71.2
57.6
54.5
49.0
25,783
15,247
10,536
5,878
46,098
71.3
77.2
64.2
61.1
53.5
2,273
1,189
1,085
638
3,842
8.8
7.8
10.3
10.9
8.3
10,389
4,503
5,886
3,742
40,067
Men, 16 years and over………………… 115,986
With children under 18 years old………
27,407
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
15,042
With children under 6 years old………
12,365
With children under 3 years old……
7,279
With no children under 18 years old…… 87,412
81,294
25,701
13,937
11,763
6,911
55,936
70.1
93.8
92.7
95.1
94.9
64.0
72,732
23,630
12,902
10,728
6,329
48,358
62.7
86.2
85.8
86.8
86.9
55.3
8,562
2,071
1,036
1,035
582
7,578
10.5
8.1
7.4
8.8
8.4
13.5
34,692
1,707
1,105
602
368
31,477
White
Women, 16 years and over………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old…….…
With children under 3 years old
old……
With no children under 18 years old……
98,103
28,252
15,508
12,744
7 514
7,514
69,547
57,011
20,039
11,951
8,088
4 543
4,543
37,278
58.1
70.9
77.1
63.5
60 5
60.5
53.6
52,810
18,461
11,092
7,368
4 114
4,114
34,419
53.8
65.3
71.5
57.8
54 8
54.8
49.5
4,200
1,578
859
720
429
2,858
7.4
7.9
7.2
8.9
94
9.4
7.7
41,092
8,213
3,557
4,656
2 970
2,970
32,269
Men, 16 years and over…………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
94,689
22,575
12,470
10,105
5,988
71,352
67,217
21,309
11,642
9,666
5,716
46,195
71.0
94.4
93.4
95.7
95.5
64.7
60,780
19,740
10,856
8,884
5,265
40,507
64.2
87.4
87.1
87.9
87.9
56.8
6,437
1,569
787
782
451
5,688
9.6
7.4
6.8
8.1
7.9
12.3
27,472
1,266
828
438
272
25,157
Women, 16 years and over……………..
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
15,896
4,993
2,729
2,263
1,303
10,718
9,366
3,738
2,148
1,590
879
5,660
58.9
74.9
78.7
70.3
67.5
52.8
8,141
3,206
1,897
1,309
713
4,991
51.2
64.2
69.5
57.9
54.7
46.6
1,225
532
251
281
166
669
13.1
14.2
11.7
17.6
18.9
11.8
6,530
1,254
581
673
424
5,059
Men, 16 years and over………………….
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
13,108
2,457
1,346
1,110
619
10,422
8,245
2,204
1,177
1,027
577
6,137
62.9
89.7
87.4
92.5
93.3
58.9
6,671
1,863
1,016
847
482
4,711
50.9
75.8
75.5
76.3
77.8
45.2
1,574
340
161
179
96
1,426
19.1
15.4
13.7
17.5
16.6
23.2
4,863
253
170
84
42
4,285
Black or African American
See note at end of table.
16
Table 5. Employment status by sex, presence and age of children, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
March 2011—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Asian
Women, 16 years and over………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
5,995
2,007
1,058
949
529
3,834
3,481
1,370
795
575
292
1,998
58.1
68.2
75.1
60.6
55.3
52.1
3,219
1,274
746
528
272
1,841
53.7
63.5
70.5
55.7
51.5
48.0
263
95
49
47
20
157
7.5
7.0
6.1
8.1
6.9
7.8
2,514
637
263
374
236
1,836
Men, 16 years and over…………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
5,325
1,699
854
844
489
3,494
3,910
1,595
800
795
455
2,264
73.4
93.9
93.7
94.1
93.0
64.8
3,634
1,504
738
766
441
2,059
68.3
88.5
86.3
90.7
90.1
58.9
275
91
63
29
14
205
7.0
5.7
7.8
3.6
3.1
9.1
1,415
103
54
49
34
1,230
Women, 16 years and over………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With
t c
children
de u
under
de 6 yea
years
so
old………
d
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
16,552
6,873
3,347
3,526
3,5
6
2,018
9,339
9,257
4,258
2,357
1,901
,90
1,019
4,910
55.9
61.9
70.4
53.9
53
9
50.5
52.6
8,148
3,742
2,113
1,630
,630
857
4,313
49.2
54.5
63.1
46.2
6
42.5
46.2
1,109
515
244
271
162
597
12.0
12.1
10.3
14.3
3
15.9
12.2
7,295
2,615
991
1,625
,6 5
1,000
4,429
Men, 16 years and over…………………
With children under 18 years old………
With children 6 to 17, none younger…
With children under 6 years old………
With children under 3 years old……
With no children under 18 years old……
17,602
4,914
2,384
2,529
1,486
12,286
13,268
4,581
2,175
2,406
1,411
8,618
75.4
93.2
91.2
95.1
94.9
70.1
11,553
4,097
1,985
2,112
1,252
7,270
65.6
83.4
83.3
83.5
84.3
59.2
1,715
483
190
293
158
1,348
12.9
10.6
8.7
12.2
11.2
15.6
4,335
333
209
124
75
3,669
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
NOTE: Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are
nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Estimates for the above ace groups (White, Black
or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity
is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: 2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
17
Table 6. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity, March 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence and age of children
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Total, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 123,012
With children under 18 years old………… 35,786
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 19,570
With children under 6 years old………… 16,216
With children under 3 years old………… 9,253
With no children under 18 years old……… 87,226
71,574
25,376
58.2
70.9
65,679
23,109
53.4
64.6
5,895
2,266
8.2
8.9
51,438
10,410
14,973
10,403
5,639
46,198
76.5
64.2
60.9
53.0
13,842
9,268
5,006
42,569
70.7
57.2
54.1
48.8
1,131
1,135
633
3,629
7.6
10.9
11.2
7.9
4,597
5,813
3,615
41,028
Total, married, spouse present
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
60,095
24,699
36,383
17,067
60.5
69.1
34,340
16,055
57.1
65.0
2,043
1,012
5.6
5.9
23,712
7,631
13,362
11,336
6,593
35,396
10,007
7,061
3,943
19,316
74.9
62.3
59.8
54.6
9,447
6,608
3,683
18,285
70.7
58.3
55.9
51.7
559
453
260
1,031
5.6
6.4
6.6
5.3
3,356
4,276
2,650
16,080
Total, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 62,917
With children under 18 years old………… 11,087
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 6,208
With children under 6 years old…………
4,879
With children under 3 years old………… 2,660
With no children under 18 years old……… 51,830
35,191
8,308
55.9
74.9
31,338
7,054
49.8
63.6
3,852
1,254
10.9
15.1
27,727
2,779
4,966
3,342
1,695
26,882
80.0
68.5
63.7
51.9
4,394
2,660
1,322
24,284
70.8
54.5
49.7
46.9
572
682
373
2,598
11.5
20.4
22.0
9.7
1,241
1,537
965
24,948
White, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
98,103
27,977
57,011
19,744
58.1
70.6
52,810
18,206
53.8
65.1
4,200
1,538
7.4
7.8
41,092
8,233
15,375
12,603
7,320
70,125
11,750
7,994
4,451
37,267
76.4
63.4
60.8
53.1
10,950
7,256
4,032
34,604
71.2
57.6
55.1
49.3
800
738
419
2,662
6.8
9.2
9.4
7.1
3,625
4,609
2,869
32,859
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
51,244
20,699
30,860
14,285
60.2
69.0
29,201
13,471
57.0
65.1
1,658
815
5.4
5.7
20,385
6,414
11,225
9,474
5,588
30,545
8,401
5,885
3,365
16,574
74.8
62.1
60.2
54.3
7,949
5,522
3,151
15,730
70.8
58.3
56.4
51.5
452
362
214
844
5.4
6.2
6.4
5.1
2,824
3,590
2,223
13,971
White, married, spouse present
White, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 46,858
With children under 18 years old…………
7,278
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 4,150
With children under 6 years old…………
3,129
With children under 3 years old………… 1,732
With no children under 18 years old……… 39,580
26,151
5,459
55.8
75.0
23,609
4,735
50.4
65.1
2,542
723
9.7
13.2
20,707
1,820
3,349
2,110
1,086
20,693
80.7
67.4
62.7
52.3
3,001
1,734
881
18,874
72.3
55.4
50.9
47.7
348
376
205
1,819
10.4
17.8
18.9
8.8
801
1,019
645
18,888
See footnote at end of table.
18
Table 6. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity, March 2011—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence and age of children
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Percent
of
population
Total
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Black or African American, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 15,896
With children under 18 years old…………
4,936
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 2,684
With children under 6 years old…………
2,252
With children under 3 years old………… 1,186
With no children under 18 years old……… 10,960
9,366
3,686
58.9
74.7
8,141
3,120
51.2
63.2
1,225
566
13.1
15.4
6,530
1,250
2,121
1,564
763
5,680
79.0
69.5
64.3
51.8
1,862
1,258
597
5,021
69.4
55.9
50.4
45.8
260
306
165
659
12.2
19.6
21.7
11.6
562
688
424
5,280
Black or African American, married, spouse present
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
4,205
1,786
2,719
1,333
64.7
74.6
2,520
1,226
59.9
68.6
199
108
7.3
8.1
1,486
453
994
792
432
2,419
799
534
270
1,386
80.4
67.5
62.4
57.3
732
494
246
1,295
73.6
62.3
57.0
53.5
67
41
23
91
8.4
7.6
8.6
6.6
195
258
162
1,034
Black or African American, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 11,691
With children under 18 years old…………
3,150
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 1,690
With children under 6 years old…………
1,460
With children under 3 years old…………
754
With no children under 18 years old……… 8,541
6,647
2,352
56.9
74.7
5,621
1,894
48.1
60.1
1,026
458
15.4
19.5
5,044
797
1,323
1,030
493
4,295
78.3
70.5
65.3
50.3
1,130
764
351
3,727
66.9
52.4
46.5
43.6
193
265
142
568
14.6
25.8
28.8
13.2
367
430
261
4,246
Asian, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
5,995
1,891
3,481
1,282
58.1
67.8
3,219
1,196
53.7
63.3
263
85
7.5
6.7
2,514
609
1,019
872
489
4,104
744
538
279
2,200
73.0
61.7
57.0
53.6
696
501
260
2,022
68.3
57.4
53.1
49.3
48
37
19
177
6.5
6.9
6.9
8.1
275
334
210
1,905
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
3,481
1,641
2,104
1,081
60.4
65.8
1,969
1,017
56.6
62.0
135
63
6.4
5.9
1,377
561
864
777
431
1,840
614
466
232
1,024
71.1
60.0
53.9
55.6
580
437
216
952
67.2
56.2
50.1
51.7
34
29
16
72
5.5
6.3
7.1
7.0
250
311
198
816
Asian, married, spouse present
Asian, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
2,514
250
1,377
201
54.8
80.5
1,250
179
49.7
71.7
127
22
9.3
10.9
1,137
49
155
95
59
2,264
130
71
47
1,176
83.7
75.2
79.5
51.9
116
64
44
1,070
74.5
67.1
74.6
47.3
14
8
3
105
11.0
10.8
6.2
9.0
25
23
12
1,088
See footnote at end of table.
19
Table 6. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, marital status, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity, March 2011—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Presence and age of children
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not
in
labor
force
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, all marital statuses
Total women, 16 years and over…………… 16,552
With children under 18 years old…………
6,951
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….………………… 3,491
With children under 6 years old…………
3,459
With children under 3 years old………… 1,953
With no children under 18 years old……… 9,602
9,257
4,286
55.9
61.7
8,148
3,753
49.2
54.0
1,109
533
12.0
12.4
7,295
2,664
2,403
1,883
960
4,971
68.8
54.4
49.1
51.8
2,142
1,611
803
4,395
61.3
46.6
41.1
45.8
261
272
156
576
10.9
14.4
16.3
11.6
1,088
1,576
994
4,631
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, married, spouse present
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
7,492
4,428
4,129
2,504
55.1
56.6
3,705
2,247
49.5
50.7
424
257
10.3
10.3
3,363
1,924
2,181
2,247
1,248
3,064
1,375
1,128
574
1,625
63.1
50.2
46.0
53.0
1,239
1,008
508
1,458
56.8
44.9
40.7
47.6
137
120
66
167
10.0
10.6
11.6
10.3
805
1,118
674
1,439
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, other marital statuses1
Total women, 16 years and over……………
With children under 18 years old…………
With children 6 to 17 years old,
none younger………….…………………
With children under 6 years old…………
With children under 3 years old…………
With no children under 18 years old………
1
9,061
2,523
5,128
1,782
56.6
70.6
4,442
1,506
49.0
59.7
685
276
13.4
15.5
3,933
741
1,310
1,212
705
6,538
1,027
755
386
3,345
78.4
62.3
54.7
51.2
903
603
296
2,936
68.9
49.7
41.9
44.9
124
152
90
409
12.1
20.1
23.3
12.2
283
458
320
3,192
Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
NOTE: Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces,
nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail for the above race groups (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: 2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
20
Table 7. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child, March 1975–2011
(Numbers in thousands)
With children under age 18
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Year
Total
With children ages 6 to 17, none younger
Percent of Employed
population
Civilian labor force
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Total
Unemployed
Percent Employed
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
1975...……
1976...……
1977………
1978………
1979...……
14,616
15,073
15,669
16,385
16,883
47.4
48.8
50.8
53.0
54.5
13,069
13,725
14,276
15,142
15,624
1,548
1,346
1,393
1,242
1,259
11.0
8.9
8.9
7.6
7.7
8,917
9,388
10,040
10,401
10,646
54.9
56.2
58.3
60.0
61.6
8,218
8,769
9,389
9,845
10,030
700
621
650
556
615
7.9
6.6
6.5
5.3
5.8
1980………
1981...……
1982...……
1983...……
1984………
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
17,790
18,422
18,744
18,924
19,555
20,041
20,620
21,422
21,545
21,936
56.6
58.1
58.5
58.9
60.5
62.1
62.8
64.7
65.1
65.7
16,526
16,952
16,854
16,792
17,782
18,306
18,922
19,798
20,141
20,647
1,264
1,471
1,890
2,131
1,773
1,735
1,698
1,624
1,404
1,289
7.1
8.0
10.1
11.3
9.1
8.7
8.2
7.6
6.5
5.9
11,252
11,490
11,377
11,340
11,538
11,826
12,075
12,438
12,683
12,800
64.3
65.5
65.8
66.3
68.1
69.9
70.4
72.0
73.3
74.2
10,640
10,725
10,440
10,303
10,739
10,984
11,320
11,661
12,042
12,168
612
765
936
1,037
799
842
756
778
641
632
5.4
6.7
8.2
9.1
6.9
7.1
6.3
6.3
5.1
4.9
1990...……
1991...……
1992...……
1993………
1994
1994………
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998...……
1999………
22,196
22,327
22,756
23,063
24 191
24,191
24,695
24,720
25,604
25,647
25,472
66.7
66.6
67.2
66.9
68 4
68.4
69.7
70.2
72.1
72.3
72.1
20,865
20,774
21,052
21,521
22 467
22,467
23,195
23,386
24,082
24,209
24,307
1,331
1,552
1,704
1,541
1 724
1,724
1,500
1,334
1,522
1,438
1,165
6.0
7.0
7.5
6.7
71
7.1
6.1
5.4
5.9
5.6
4.6
12,799
12,691
13,183
13,441
13 863
13,863
14,300
14,427
14,993
15,028
15,150
74.7
74.4
75.9
75.4
76 0
76.0
76.4
77.2
78.1
78.4
78.5
12,133
12,017
12,391
12,757
13 074
13,074
13,608
13,794
14,282
14,370
14,633
666
674
793
684
789
691
633
711
658
516
5.2
5.3
6.0
5.1
57
5.7
4.8
4.4
4.7
4.4
3.4
2000...……
2001...……
2002………
2003...……
2004………
2005………
2006...……
2007...……
2008...……
2009...……
25,795
26,269
26,140
26,202
25,913
25,941
26,009
26,834
25,930
26,122
72.9
72.7
72.2
71.7
70.7
70.5
70.6
71.3
71.2
71.6
24,693
25,030
24,612
24,598
24,413
24,564
24,728
25,646
24,637
24,079
1,102
1,239
1,529
1,603
1,501
1,377
1,281
1,188
1,294
2,043
4.3
4.7
5.8
6.1
5.8
5.3
4.9
4.4
5.0
7.8
15,479
15,839
15,948
15,993
15,782
15,594
15,579
15,940
15,479
15,625
79.0
79.4
78.6
78.7
77.5
76.9
76.9
77.7
77.5
78.2
14,931
15,220
15,171
15,166
15,006
14,930
14,949
15,341
14,842
14,562
549
619
777
828
776
663
630
599
636
1,063
3.5
3.9
4.9
5.2
4.9
4.3
4.0
3.8
4.1
6.8
2010...…… 25,783
2011...…… 25,376
71.3
70.9
23,510
23,109
2,273
2,266
8.8
8.9
15,247
14,973
77.2
76.5
14,058
13,842
1,189
1,131
7.8
7.6
See note at end of table.
21
Table 7. Employment status of women by presence and age of youngest child,
March 1975–2011—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
With children under age 6
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Year
Total
Percent of
population
With children under age 3
Civilian labor force
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Total
Employed
Unemployed
Percent Employed
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
1975...……
1976...……
1977………
1978………
1979...……
5,699
5,684
5,629
5,983
6,238
39.0
40.1
41.2
44.0
45.7
4,851
4,957
4,887
5,297
5,594
848
727
742
687
644
14.9
12.8
13.2
11.5
10.3
2,824
2,702
2,795
3,179
3,380
34.3
34.1
35.4
39.4
41.1
2,326
2,285
2,371
2,768
2,979
500
418
424
411
401
17.7
15.5
15.2
12.9
11.9
1980………
1981...……
1982...……
1983...……
1984………
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
6,538
6,933
7,367
7,583
8,017
8,215
8,545
8,983
8,862
9,136
46.8
48.9
49.9
50.5
52.1
53.5
54.4
56.7
56.1
56.7
5,886
6,227
6,414
6,489
7,043
7,322
7,602
8,137
8,099
8,478
652
706
953
1,094
974
893
943
846
763
657
10.0
10.2
12.9
14.4
12.1
10.9
11.0
9.4
8.6
7.2
3,565
3,826
4,133
4,233
4,401
4,601
4,786
5,064
4,947
5,053
41.9
44.3
45.6
46.0
47.6
49.5
50.8
52.9
52.4
52.4
3,167
3,380
3,542
3,551
3,839
4,089
4,227
4,570
4,477
4,671
398
446
591
682
562
513
559
494
470
381
11.2
11.7
14.3
16.1
12.8
11.1
11.7
9.8
9.5
7.5
1990...……
1991...……
1992...……
1993
1993………
1994………
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998...……
1999………
9,397
9,636
9,573
9 621
9,621
10,328
10,395
10,293
10,610
10,619
10,322
58.2
58.4
58.0
57 9
57.9
60.3
62.3
62.3
65.0
65.2
64.4
8,732
8,758
8,662
8 764
8,764
9,394
9,587
9,592
9,800
9,839
9,674
664
878
911
857
935
809
701
810
780
648
7.1
9.1
9.5
89
8.9
9.0
7.8
6.8
7.6
7.3
6.3
5,216
5,417
5,329
5 349
5,349
5,724
5,650
5,619
5,839
5,882
5,645
53.6
54.5
54.5
53 9
53.9
57.1
58.7
59.0
61.8
62.2
60.7
4,823
4,868
4,776
4 857
4,857
5,165
5,172
5,222
5,366
5,454
5,285
393
550
553
492
559
478
397
473
428
359
7.5
10.1
10.4
92
9.2
9.8
8.5
7.1
8.1
7.3
6.4
2000...……
2001...……
2002………
2003...……
2004………
2005………
2006...……
2007...……
2008...……
2009...……
10,316
10,430
10,193
10,209
10,131
10,347
10,430
10,894
10,452
10,497
65.3
64.4
64.1
62.9
62.2
62.6
63.0
63.5
63.6
63.6
9,763
9,810
9,441
9,433
9,407
9,634
9,779
10,305
9,794
9,517
553
620
752
776
724
714
651
589
657
980
5.4
5.9
7.4
7.6
7.1
6.9
6.2
5.4
6.3
9.3
5,670
5,743
5,600
5,568
5,401
5,704
5,842
6,006
5,754
5,960
61.0
60.7
60.5
58.7
57.3
58.9
59.9
60.1
59.6
61.1
5,350
5,350
5,160
5,112
4,983
5,299
5,458
5,679
5,380
5,401
320
393
440
456
417
405
384
327
374
559
5.6
6.8
7.9
8.2
7.7
7.1
6.6
5.5
6.5
9.4
2010...…… 10,536
2011...…… 10,403
64.2
64.2
9,452
9,268
1,085
1,135
10.3
10.9
5,878
5,639
61.1
60.9
5,240
5,006
638
633
10.9
11.2
See note at end of table.
22
Table 7. Employment status of women by presence and
age of youngest child, March 1975–2011—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
With no children under age 18
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Year
Total
Percent of Employed
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
1975...……
1976...……
1977………
1978………
1979...……
22,365
23,327
24,385
25,362
26,962
45.1
45.7
46.4
47.0
48.6
20,381
21,389
22,348
23,631
25,285
1,984
1,938
2,037
1,731
1,677
8.9
8.3
8.4
6.8
6.2
1980………
1981...……
1982...……
1983...……
1984………
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
27,144
27,992
28,351
28,856
29,684
30,850
31,112
31,538
32,490
33,255
48.1
48.7
48.6
48.7
49.3
50.4
50.5
50.5
51.2
51.9
25,375
25,934
26,041
26,373
27,652
28,814
29,107
29,688
30,911
31,761
1,769
2,059
2,311
2,483
2,032
2,036
2,005
1,850
1,580
1,495
6.5
7.4
8.2
8.6
6.8
6.6
6.4
5.9
4.9
4.5
1990...……
1991...……
1992...……
1993………
1994
1994………
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998...……
1999………
33,942
34,047
34,487
34,495
35 455
35,455
35,843
36,509
37,295
38,253
39,314
52.3
52.0
52.3
52.1
53 1
53.1
52.9
53.0
53.6
54.1
54.3
32,391
32,167
32,481
32,476
33 345
33,345
34,054
34,698
35,572
36,680
37,587
1,551
1,880
2,006
2,020
2 110
2,110
1,789
1,811
1,723
1,573
1,727
4.6
5.5
5.8
5.9
60
6.0
5.0
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.4
2000...……
2001...……
2002………
2003...……
2004………
2005………
2006...……
2007...……
2008...……
2009...……
40,142
40,996
41,278
42,039
42,289
42,677
43,392
44,039
45,585
45,649
54.8
54.4
54.0
54.1
53.8
53.5
53.6
53.9
54.3
53.8
38,408
39,363
39,038
39,667
40,000
40,570
41,440
42,279
43,417
42,343
1,733
1,633
2,241
2,372
2,289
2,107
1,952
1,760
2,168
3,306
4.3
4.0
5.4
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.5
4.0
4.8
7.2
2010...…… 46,098
2011...…… 46,198
53.5
53.0
42,256
42,569
3,842
3,629
8.3
7.9
NOTE: Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters,
stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces,
nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children.
Data for 1994 and subsequent years are not directly comparable
with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the introduction of
a major redesign of the Current Population Survey.
SOURCE: 1975-2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplements,
Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
23
Table 8. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 to 64 years of age by educational
attainment and sex, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Educational attainment and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Unemployed
Not
in
labor
force
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
125,508
10,891
35,192
35,171
44,253
28,528
11,492
2,113
2,121
77.6
62.2
74.0
78.8
85.1
84.0
86.0
89.2
91.8
115,860
9,317
31,804
32,370
42,369
27,146
11,090
2,063
2,070
71.7
53.2
66.9
72.5
81.5
79.9
83.0
87.2
89.6
9,648
1,574
3,388
2,802
1,885
1,382
401
49
52
7.7
14.5
9.6
8.0
4.3
4.8
3.5
2.3
2.4
36,183
6,614
12,364
9,455
7,750
5,441
1,865
255
189
82,273
8,158
22,880
23,957
27,278
17,841
7,525
958
954
58,520
3,918
15,114
17,784
21,704
13,901
6,174
785
843
71.1
48.0
66.1
74.2
79.6
77.9
82.1
82.0
88.4
54,234
3,315
13,769
16,372
20,778
13,228
5,971
758
822
65.9
40.6
60.2
68.3
76.2
74.1
79.3
79.1
86.1
4,286
603
1,345
1,412
926
673
204
28
21
7.3
15.4
8.9
7.9
4.3
4.8
3.3
3.5
2.5
23,754
4,240
7,767
6,174
5,573
3,940
1,351
172
111
79,418
9,347
24,676
20,669
24,726
16,128
5,832
1,410
1,356
66,989
6,973
20,078
17,388
22,549
14,627
5,317
1,327
1,278
84.3
74.6
81.4
84.1
91.2
90.7
91.2
94.1
94.2
61,626
6,002
18,035
15,998
21,591
13,918
5,120
1,305
1,248
77.6
64.2
73.1
77.4
87.3
86.3
87.8
92.6
92.0
5,363
971
2,043
1,390
958
709
198
22
30
8.0
13.9
10.2
8.0
4.3
4.8
3.7
1.6
2.4
12,430
2,374
4,597
3,282
2,177
1,501
515
83
78
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Total
Total, 25 to 64 years………………...…… 161,691
Less than a high school diploma……… 17,505
High school graduates, no college…… 47,556
Some college or associate's degree…
44,627
College graduates, total……………….
52,003
Bachelor's degree……………………… 33,969
Master's degree………………………. 13,357
Professional degree……………………
2,367
Doctoral degree………………………… 2,310
Women
Total, 25 to 64 years…………………….
Less than a high school diploma………
High school graduates, no college……
Some college or associate's degree…
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree…………………….
Master's degree……………………….
Professional degree……………………
Doctoral degree…………………………
Men
Total, 25 to 64 years………………………
Less than a high school diploma………
High school graduates, no college……
Some college or associate's degree…
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree…………………….
Master's degree…………………...……
Professional degree…………………..
Doctoral degree…………………………
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
24
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2011
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
High school
Total
Less than 4
years
4 years, no
college
College
1 to 3 years
4 years or
more
11.8
12.3
12.4
13.0
13.7
14.4
15.2
15.7
16.5
17.3
17.6
17.7
17.3
18.1
18.4
19.0
19.5
19.7
19.7
20.0
20.7
21.1
14.1
14.8
15.5
16.4
17.5
18.3
19.4
20.2
20.6
21.3
22.0
22.0
23.1
24.2
24.7
24.9
24.8
25.3
25.7
26.4
26.4
26.5
Some
college, no
degree, or
associate's
degree
College
graduates
25.6
26.6
27.7
28.1
27.8
27.5
27.4
27.6
27.8
28.0
27.7
27.6
27.7
27.8
27.7
27.7
28.0
28.0
27.9
28.0
26.6
27.0
27.6
28.3
28.7
29.0
29.8
30.5
30.7
31.0
31.6
32.1
32.4
32.5
33.0
33.8
34.2
34.4
34.6
35.3
Total, both sexes
1
1970 …...………
1971…...………
1972…...………
1973…...………
1974…...………
1975…...………
1976…...………
1977…...………
1978…...………
1979…...………
1980…...………
1981…...………
1982…...………
1983……..........
1984……..........
1985…...………
1986…...………
1987…...………
1988……..........
1989…...………
1990……..........
1991…...………
61,765
62,344
63,704
64,775
66,527
67,774
69,243
71,324
73,504
75,781
78,010
80,273
81,516
83,615
86,001
88,424
90,500
92,966
94,870
97,318
99,175
100,480
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.1
34.5
33.3
30.9
29.3
27.5
25.8
24.9
23.7
21.8
20.6
19.7
18.8
17.8
16.7
15.9
15.5
14.9
14.7
14.0
13.4
13.0
38.1
38.4
38.8
39.7
39.5
39.7
39.6
39.2
39.2
39.5
39.8
40.6
40.8
39.9
40.2
40.2
40.2
40.2
39.9
39.6
39.5
39.4
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
Total
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
no college
Total, both sexes
1992²……………
1993…...………
1994…...………
1995……..........
1996…...………
1997……..........
1998……..........
1999…...………
2000…...………
2001…...………
2002…...………
2003……..........
2004…...………
2005……………
2006……………
2007……………
2008……………
2009……………
2010……………
2011……………
103,018
104,237
105,610
107,032
108,932
110,945
111,932
113,095
115,750
116,893
118,028
119,621
120,135
121,752
123,550
125,104
126,011
126,247
126,237
125,508
See footnotes at end of table.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.1
11.3
10.8
10.4
10.6
10.6
10.5
10.0
10.1
10.1
10.0
9.9
9.7
9.8
9.7
9.3
9.0
9.0
8.9
8.7
25
35.7
35.1
33.9
33.2
32.9
32.9
32.4
31.8
31.4
30.9
30.7
30.3
30.1
29.9
29.6
29.2
28.8
28.6
28.6
28.0
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2011—Cont'd
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
High school
Total
Less than 4
years
4 years, no
college
College
1 to 3 years
4 years or
more
10.9
11.9
11.8
12.4
13.4
13.9
14.7
15.2
16.1
17.1
17.4
17.9
18.3
18.8
18.9
19.9
20.3
20.7
21.2
20.9
21.9
22.2
11.2
11.8
12.4
13.3
14.6
14.1
16.2
16.9
17.0
17.8
18.7
18.6
19.5
20.9
21.7
22.0
22.2
22.8
23.1
24.3
24.5
25.2
Some
college, no
degree, or
associate's
degree
College
graduates
27.3
28.4
29.8
30.2
29.9
29.4
29.4
29.5
29.8
30.2
29.9
29.9
30.2
30.2
30.2
30.1
30.4
30.3
30.3
30.4
25.0
25.7
26.2
26.9
27.8
28.4
29.2
29.9
30.1
30.4
31.3
32.2
32.6
33.3
33.9
34.9
35.6
36.0
36.4
37.1
Women
1
1970 …...………
1971…...………
1972…...………
1973…...………
1974…...………
1975…...………
1976…...………
1977…...………
1978…...………
1979…...………
1980…...………
1981…...………
1982…...………
1983……..........
1984……..........
1985…...………
1986…...………
1987…...………
1988……..........
1989…...………
1990……..........
1991…...………
22,462
22,804
23,606
24,158
25,203
26,146
27,166
28,369
29,738
31,151
32,593
33,910
34,870
35,712
37,234
38,779
39,767
41,105
42,254
43,650
44,699
45,315
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
33.5
32.2
30.7
28.4
26.7
26.5
24.0
22.8
22.0
20.1
18.4
17.4
16.6
15.6
14.5
13.7
13.2
12.5
12.4
11.9
11.3
10.9
44.3
44.2
45.1
45.9
45.3
45.5
45.1
45.1
44.9
45.0
45.4
46.1
45.6
44.8
44.9
44.4
44.3
44.0
43.3
42.9
42.4
41.6
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
Total
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
no college
Women
1992²……………
1993…...………
1994…...………
1995……..........
1996…...………
1997……..........
1998……..........
1999…...………
2000…...………
2001…...………
2002…...………
2003……..........
2004…...………
2005……………
2006……………
2007……………
2008……………
2009……………
2010……………
2011……………
46,589
47,245
48,405
49,247
50,240
51,261
51,678
52,525
53,749
54,229
54,710
55,596
55,616
56,322
57,201
57,791
58,465
58,787
58,808
58,520
See footnotes at end of table.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.3
9.3
9.0
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.8
8.5
8.5
8.4
8.1
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.1
6.9
7.0
6.8
6.7
26
37.4
36.6
35.0
34.1
33.6
33.5
32.7
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.6
30.0
29.4
28.7
28.3
27.9
27.2
26.7
26.4
25.8
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2011—Cont'd
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
High school
Total
Less than 4
years
College
4 years, no
college
1 to 3 years
4 years or
more
34.5
35.1
35.1
36.0
36.0
36.1
36.0
35.3
35.3
35.7
35.7
36.5
36.8
36.3
36.7
36.9
37.0
37.1
37.3
36.9
37.2
37.5
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.4
13.9
14.8
15.5
16.1
16.9
17.5
17.7
17.4
17.5
17.7
18.0
18.3
18.9
18.9
18.5
19.2
19.7
20.2
15.7
16.5
17.3
18.2
19.3
20.2
21.5
22.3
23.0
23.8
24.3
24.6
25.5
26.6
26.9
27.1
26.9
27.2
27.8
28.2
28.0
27.6
Men
1
1970 …...………
1971…...………
1972…...………
1973…...………
1974…...………
1975…...………
1976…...………
1977…...………
1978…...………
1979…...………
1980…...………
1981…...………
1982…...………
1983……..........
1984……..........
1985…...………
1986…...………
1987…...………
1988……..........
1989…...………
1990……..........
1991…...………
39,303
39,539
40,098
40,617
41,344
41,628
42,077
42,954
43,766
44,630
45,417
46,363
47,144
47,903
48,767
49,647
50,733
51,860
52,616
53,668
54,476
55,165
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.5
35.9
34.8
32.4
30.8
28.9
27.0
26.3
24.8
23.0
22.2
21.5
20.3
19.4
18.4
17.7
17.2
16.8
16.5
15.7
15.1
14.7
See footnotes at end of table.
27
Table 9. Percent distribution of the civilian labor force 25 to 64 years of age by
educational attainment and sex, 1970–2011—Cont'd
Percent distribution
Year
Civilian labor
force
(thousands)
Total
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
no college
Some
college, no
degree, or
associate's
degree
College
graduates
24.3
25.1
25.9
26.3
26.1
25.9
25.6
26.0
26.1
26.2
25.8
25.6
25.6
25.7
25.5
25.6
25.9
25.9
25.8
26.0
27.8
28.1
28.8
29.4
29.4
29.6
30.3
31.0
31.2
31.4
31.8
32.1
32.3
31.9
32.3
32.9
33.0
33.0
33.0
33.7
Men
1992²……………
1993…...………
1994…...………
1995……..........
1996…...………
1997……..........
1998……..........
1999…...………
2000…...………
2001…...………
2002…...………
2003……..........
2004…...………
2005……………
2006……………
2007……………
2008……………
2009……………
2010……………
2011……………
56,428
56,992
57,205
57,784
58,692
59,684
60,255
60,570
62,001
62,664
63,318
64,025
64,519
65,430
66,350
67,313
67,546
67,460
67,429
66,989
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.7
12.9
12.4
11.8
12.2
12.2
12.0
11.4
11.5
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.5
11.5
11.5
11.2
10.9
10.8
10.6
10.4
34.2
33.9
33.0
32.4
32.3
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.2
30.9
30.8
30.6
30.7
30.9
30.6
30.4
30.2
30.3
30.6
30.0
1
D t from
Data
f
1970 1991 are from
1970-1991
f
th March
the
M h Current
C
t Population
P
l ti
S
Survey.
Th educational
The
d
ti
l attainment
tt i
t
categories for these years were based on the number of years of school completed.
2 Data beginning in 1992 are annual averages, and the educational attainment categories are based on
the highest diploma or degree received.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
28
Table 10. Employed persons by major occupation and sex, 2010 and 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Occupation and sex
2010
Number
2011
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations ...........................
Management, business, and financial operations occupations .........
Professional and related occupations ...............................................
Service occupations .............................................................................
Sales and office occupations ................................................................
Sales and related occupations ..........................................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..................................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ..........
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................
Construction and extraction occupations ..........................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ............................
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
Production occupations .....................................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..............................
139,064
100.0
139,869
100.0
51,743
20,938
30,805
24,634
33,433
15,386
18,047
13,073
987
7,175
4,911
16,180
7,998
8,182
37.2
15.1
22.2
17.7
24.0
11.1
13.0
9.4
.7
5.2
3.5
11.6
5.8
5.9
52,547
21,589
30,957
24,787
33,066
15,330
17,736
13,009
1,001
7,125
4,883
16,461
8,142
8,318
37.6
15.4
22.1
17.7
23.6
11.0
12.7
9.3
.7
5.1
3.5
11.8
5.8
5.9
65,705
26,673
26
673
8,993
17,680
13,982
21,015
7,683
13,331
606
231
185
190
3,429
2,206
1,224
100.0
40 6
40.6
13.7
26.9
21.3
32.0
11.7
20.3
.9
.4
.3
.3
5.2
3.4
1.9
65,579
26,995
26
995
9,314
17,681
13,858
20,616
7,597
13,019
552
216
163
173
3,558
2,316
1,242
100.0
41 2
41.2
14.2
27.0
21.1
31.4
11.6
19.9
.8
.3
.2
.3
5.4
3.5
1.9
Women
Total, 16 years and over.……………………………………………
Management, professional
Management
professional, and related occupations ...........................
Management, business, and financial operations occupations .........
Professional and related occupations ...............................................
Service occupations .............................................................................
Sales and office occupations ................................................................
Sales and related occupations ..........................................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..................................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ..........
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................
Construction and extraction occupations ..........................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ............................
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
Production occupations .....................................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..............................
See note at end of table.
29
Table 10. Employed persons by major occupation and sex, 2010 and 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Occupation
2010
Number
2011
Percent
Number
Percent
Men
Total, 16 years and over.……………………………………………
Management, professional, and related occupations ...........................
Management, business, and financial operations occupations .........
Professional and related occupations ...............................................
Service occupations .............................................................................
Sales and office occupations ................................................................
Sales and related occupations ..........................................................
Office and administrative support occupations ..................................
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ..........
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................
Construction and extraction occupations ..........................................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ............................
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
Production occupations .....................................................................
Transportation and material moving occupations ..............................
73,359
100.0
74,290
100.0
25,070
11,945
13,125
10,652
12,419
7,703
4,716
12,467
755
6,990
4,721
12,751
5,792
6,959
34.2
16.3
17.9
14.5
16.9
10.5
6.4
17.0
1.0
9.5
6.4
17.4
7.9
9.5
25,552
12,275
13,277
10,929
12,450
7,733
4,717
12,457
785
6,962
4,710
12,902
5,826
7,076
34.4
16.5
17.9
14.7
16.8
10.4
6.3
16.8
1.1
9.4
6.3
17.4
7.8
9.5
NOTE: Effective with the January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational
classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010
Standard Occupational Classifcation (SOC). Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
30
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Occupation
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
139,869
46.9
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chief executives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General and operations managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legislators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and promotions managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marketing and sales managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public relations and fundraising managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative services managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and information systems managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compensation and benefits managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Training and development managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial production managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchasing managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education administrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food service managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funeral service managers
managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lodging managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and health services managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural sciences managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postmasters and mail superintendents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property, real estate, and community association managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social and community service managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency management directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compliance officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost estimators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Training and development specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logisticians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Meeting, convention, and event planners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fundraisers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Market research analysts and marketing specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
52,547
21,589
15,250
1,515
978
16
87
1,009
63
128
553
1,107
21
243
38
259
204
254
978
926
853
106
1,051
13
23
148
529
16
40
587
329
5
3,173
6,339
48
12
170
259
296
198
119
595
65
130
88
707
109
78
205
51.4
43.1
38.1
24.2
30.4
–
50.5
45.8
52.4
39.5
25.3
54.2
–
73.6
–
16.5
47.3
14.1
23.0
6.1
65.2
8.5
45.7
–
–
52.4
71.4
–
–
48.0
71.3
–
33.9
55.3
–
–
46.4
54.0
58.6
43.8
15.0
74.5
75.5
57.2
35.6
41.9
76.2
72.0
57.5
See note at end of table.
31
Percent
women
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Business operations specialists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accountants and auditors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appraisers and assessors of real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Budget analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal financial advisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance underwriters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial examiners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit counselors and loan officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax preparers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial specialists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and information research scientists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information security analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer programmers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software developers, applications and systems software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web developers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer support specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Database administrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network and computer systems administrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer network architects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C
Computer
t occupations,
ti
allll other.
th . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actuaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mathematicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operations research analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statisticians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architects, except naval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerospace engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biomedical engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civil engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer hardware engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronics engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial engineers, including health and safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marine engineers and naval architects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanical engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nuclear engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drafters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
32
281
1,653
88
53
24
84
371
117
8
326
70
110
77
30,957
3,608
20
447
44
459
1,044
182
461
134
233
98
306
18
2
116
37
6
2,785
181
42
144
1
12
74
383
77
309
45
174
9
32
322
11
20
25
337
147
Percent
women
66.9
61.3
34.4
51.8
—
34.8
31.2
62.7
—
53.7
56.2
65.8
61.8
57.1
25.0
—
33.9
—
20.8
19.0
38.6
26.3
37.3
22.8
11.4
21 7
21.7
—
—
45.1
—
—
13.6
20.7
—
12.4
—
—
22.3
13.1
13.2
8.8
—
17.8
—
—
5.5
—
—
—
10.8
20.8
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Engineering technicians, except drafters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surveying and mapping technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life, physical, and social science occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural and food scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conservation scientists and foresters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life scientists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Astronomers and physicists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Atmospheric and space scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemists and materials scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental scientists and geoscientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical scientists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Survey researchers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Psychologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sociologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Urban and regional planners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural and food science technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geological and petroleum technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nuclear technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social science research assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Community and social service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counselors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social and human service assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health
educators and community health workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Directors, religious activities and education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Religious workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lawyers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Judicial law clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paralegals and legal assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous legal support workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education, training, and library occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postsecondary teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preschool and kindergarten teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elementary and middle school teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secondary school teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special education teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other teachers and instructors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Librarians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
33
Percent
women
376
62
1,303
39
114
28
156
0
20
7
88
98
152
23
3
197
4
26
60
24
21
77
10
3
3
151
2,352
732
769
94
131
16.3
12.2
47.3
—
48.2
—
54.4
—
—
—
45.9
28.9
39.8
—
—
71.2
—
—
55.4
—
—
40.3
—
—
—
41.9
64.5
69.9
81.6
56.8
82.4
83
414
44
85
1,770
1,085
5
67
404
209
8,619
1,355
707
2,848
1,136
388
812
48
198
67.5
17.7
—
67.9
49.8
31.9
—
44.4
84.3
76.7
73.6
46.2
97.7
81.7
58.0
85.4
62.6
—
86.2
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Library technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teacher assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other education, training, and library workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Artists and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Designers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Producers and directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dancers and choreographers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Musicians, singers, and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Announcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
News analysts, reporters and correspondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public relations specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical writers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Writers and authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous media and communication workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photographers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors.. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Media and communication equipment workers, all other. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chiropractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dietitians and nutritionists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Optometrists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmacists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physicians and surgeons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physician assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Podiatrists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Audiologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupational therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiation therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recreational therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Respiratory therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Speech—language pathologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise physiologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Therapists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterinarians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Registered nurses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nurse anesthetists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nurse midwives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nurse practitioners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental hygienists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
34
37
950
140
2,779
180
766
28
149
272
20
191
44
53
70
158
166
60
218
89
106
148
57
3
7,740
56
181
102
28
274
822
82
6
19
112
222
14
14
134
125
2
138
71
2,706
33
5
100
26
321
148
342
185
Percent
women
—
92.2
71.2
46.1
48.0
51.3
—
40.7
34.5
—
29.8
—
26.9
34.1
61.6
54.2
60.2
57.0
64.9
9.9
51.3
19.9
—
74.4
24.5
22.2
90.6
—
55.7
33.8
69.8
—
—
92.0
67.8
—
—
62.0
95.6
—
79.9
56.4
91.1
—
—
90.6
—
73.6
97.5
73.0
36.0
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical records and health information technicians. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opticians, dispensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupational therapy assistants and aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical therapist assistants and aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massage therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical transcriptionists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmacy aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phlebotomists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment preparers. . . . . . . . . . . .
Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of correctional officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of police and detectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of protective service workers, all other. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firefighters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fi inspectors.
Fire
i
t
...................................................................
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detectives and criminal investigators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fish and game wardens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parking enforcement workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and railroad police. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal control workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private detectives and investigators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crossing guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation security screeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation and serving related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chefs and head cooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bartenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waiters and waitresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food servers, nonrestaurant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Dishwashers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
35
511
560
116
51
167
70
24,787
3,359
1,981
17
75
146
307
395
74
48
38
119
158
3,210
42
107
44
111
305
20
446
151
6
7
668
8
6
92
963
59
27
146
7,747
347
505
1,990
784
392
326
255
2,059
181
347
273
286
Percent
women
78.6
90.5
89.7
64.3
65.7
39.5
55.9
87.7
87.8
—
60.8
86.5
97.9
93.4
95.4
—
—
81.8
74.0
20.7
—
17.5
—
24.2
4.5
—
27.9
16.7
—
—
12.0
—
—
35.3
19.2
64.3
—
58.1
54.4
18.7
59.1
39.2
58.0
55.7
66.0
68.3
69.5
67.7
46.8
19.9
83.0
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitors and building cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maids and housekeeping cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pest control workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grounds maintenance workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of gaming workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of personal service workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal trainers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm animal caretakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming services workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture projectionists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Embalmers and funeral attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tour and travel guides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Childcare workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
P
Personal
l care aides.
id
...............................................................
Recreation and fitness workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential advisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal care and service workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of retail sales workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of non—retail sales workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cashiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counter and rental clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parts salespersons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail salespersons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, services, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate brokers and sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telemarketers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Door—to—door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
36
4
5,492
292
274
2,186
1,419
75
1,247
4,979
120
192
49
179
113
8
46
182
8
23
89
758
251
81
38
1,231
1 057
1,057
390
59
105
33,066
15,330
3,217
1,088
3,158
139
131
3,224
254
531
267
69
503
1,297
78
811
30
108
201
226
17,736
Percent
women
—
38.8
41.0
9.9
30.3
88.6
3.7
5.2
78.4
46.4
73.5
—
75.9
44.9
—
—
51.7
—
—
24.0
93.0
84.1
14.0
—
94.5
85 6
85.6
64.1
58.3
48.2
62.3
49.6
43.5
26.7
73.6
48.6
15.5
51.2
55.6
47.3
29.9
79.4
31.2
25.9
79.2
56.8
—
59.4
59.2
50.7
73.4
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
First—line supervisors of office and administrative support workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Switchboard operators, including answering service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telephone operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications equipment operators, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bill and account collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Billing and posting clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming cage workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payroll and timekeeping clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Procurement clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tellers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial clerks, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brokerage clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Correspondence clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Court, municipal, and license clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer service representatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eligibility interviewers, government programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
File clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Library assistants, clerical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan interviewers and clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New accounts clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Order clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Receptionists and information clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information and record clerks, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cargo and freight agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dispatchers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Meter readers, utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service mail carriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, planning, and expediting clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock clerks and order fillers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secretaries and administrative assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data entry keyers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Word processors and typists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Desktop publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office clerks, general. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office machine operators, except computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proofreaders and copy markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statistical assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
37
1,423
39
40
7
211
471
1,300
5
168
26
413
64
11
12
86
45
1,916
85
334
135
153
113
117
33
113
40
1,259
99
118
8
249
239
28
146
348
60
236
559
1,503
70
2,871
126
334
136
2
246
93
1,061
45
7
18
Percent
women
68.2
—
—
—
70.6
90.1
89.9
—
89.3
—
85.3
77.1
—
—
79.5
—
66.5
84.2
83.9
64.4
84.4
81.6
82.7
—
67.1
—
92.1
59.5
83.6
—
16.4
57.9
—
50.9
36.0
40.5
53.5
28.5
34.8
55.7
95.9
49.9
83.2
88.5
—
83.0
53.0
85.4
—
—
—
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Office and administrative support workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal breeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graders and sorters, agricultural products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous agricultural workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fishers and related fishing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hunters and trappers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forest and conservation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boilermakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carpenters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction laborers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pile—driver operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gl i
Glaziers.
....................................... .................................
Insulation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Painters, construction and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paperhangers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plasterers and stucco masons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roofers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sheet metal workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural iron and steel workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solar photovoltaic installers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers, construction trades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and building inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elevator installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fence erectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hazardous materials removal workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Highway maintenance workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail—track laying and maintenance equipment operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous construction and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Earth drillers, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roof bolters, mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roustabouts, oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
38
513
13,009
1,001
52
22
10
95
708
37
2
14
61
7,125
634
19
146
1,330
189
70
1,253
21
1
369
150
682
48
47
528
8
519
24
7
222
126
66
5
63
75
30
45
32
105
7
11
36
46
23
9
78
10
17
Percent
women
74.8
4.2
21.6
8.4
—
—
60.2
19.1
—
—
—
.9
2.3
2.2
—
.9
1.9
.5
.0
2.1
—
—
.8
1.7
1.5
—
—
6.8
—
1.7
—
—
1.1
2.3
.0
—
8.0
4.7
—
—
—
2.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.6
—
—
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Helpers——extraction workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other extraction workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Avionics technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security and fire alarm systems installers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive body and related repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive glass installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive service technicians and mechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Small engine mechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control and valve installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home appliance repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maintenance and repair workers, general. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maintenance workers, machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Millwrights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical power—line installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications line installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision instrument and equipment repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wind turbine service technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial divers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Locksmiths and safe repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufactured building and mobile home installers. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Riggers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signal and track switch repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers——installation, maintenance, and repair workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First—line supervisors of production and operating workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .
Engine and other machine assemblers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural metal fabricators and fitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
39
8
68
4,883
313
305
150
16
35
6
14
20
38
53
164
140
17
855
312
199
52
95
24
338
43
433
422
38
58
124
201
76
2
46
0
28
7
14
5
24
215
16,461
8,142
727
20
156
34
32
860
207
342
Percent
women
—
1.7
3.5
6.8
9.0
7.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
.0
3.1
1.2
—
1.4
.7
1.3
.3
1.6
—
.8
—
2.5
3.2
—
2.0
.2
4.3
16.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7.8
21.6
28.4
18.6
—
51.9
—
—
38.2
55.0
26.6
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food batchmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food cooking machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food processing workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer control programmers and operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . .
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tool and die makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Layout workers, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepress technicians and workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing press operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Print binding and finishing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laundry and dry—cleaning workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sewing machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Shoe and leather workers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shoe machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers. . . . . . . . . .
Fabric and apparel patternmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Upholsterers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture finishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Model makers and patternmakers, wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Woodworkers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stationary engineers and boiler operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
40
Percent
women
12
90
24
115
72
13
6
8
100
5
—
53.3
—
29.9
5.5
—
—
—
14.8
—
65
15
4
419
16
7
45
5
66
505
4
6
15
7
368
41
217
16
174
48
169
11
8
94
1
5
14
16
1
5
47
22
66
17
1
32
20
21
50
95
6.7
—
—
4.4
—
—
—
—
2.3
7.8
—
—
—
—
22.0
—
18.7
—
60.7
—
78.5
—
—
74.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.3
—
—
—
—
—
1.8
2.2
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous plant and system operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutting workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . .
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Painting workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductor processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Etchers and engravers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
Tire builders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers——production workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flight attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle operators, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Locomotive engineers and operators. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
Railroad conductors and yardmasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sailors and marine oilers. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ship and boat captains and operators. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ship engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Bridge and lock tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parking lot attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .
Automotive and watercraft service attendants. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
Other transportation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Conveyor operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crane and tower operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
Hoist and winch operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial truck and tractor operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .
See note at end of table.
41
71
39
65
94
84
34
11
647
41
87
288
120
43
3
9
11
3
10
37
37
20
54
777
8,318
228
121
43
88
13
573
3,059
342
62
45
5
52
11
22
37
8
6
73
76
32
32
16
5
63
51
4
528
331
Percent
women
5.2
—
16.4
13.5
22.5
—
—
34.9
—
53.1
50.6
13.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
25.6
26.2
14.9
22.1
4.3
—
77.4
—
43.4
4.8
12.5
5.6
—
—
6.6
—
—
—
—
—
13.2
10.6
—
—
—
—
.4
.7
—
6.7
12.0
Table 11. Employed persons by detailed occupation and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
employed
Occupation
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .
Machine feeders and offbearers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packers and packagers, hand. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pumping station operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Refuse and recyclable material collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
Mine shuttle car operators. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material moving workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1,787
36
393
21
92
1
3
62
NOTE: Effective with the January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational
classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard
Occupational Classifcation (SOC). Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates data not
available.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
42
Percent
women
16.9
—
53.5
—
7.7
—
—
10.3
Table 12. Employed women by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
Occupation
White
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)……………..………………
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
52,770
8,098
3,165
8,220
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
42.3
34.1
44.4
25.2
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. .
14.7
11.2
15.4
8.9
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27.6
22.9
29.0
16.3
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19.9
28.0
21.8
31.2
Percent……………………………………………………..…………
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31.8
30.8
26.3
31.8
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11.6
11.5
11.4
12.2
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20.2
19.3
14.9
19.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. .
.9
.5
.6
1.8
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.4
.1
.2
1.1
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.3
.1
.1
.4
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
.3
.2
.3
.3
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . .
5.1
6.7
6.9
10.1
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3
4.1
6.0
7.1
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1.8
2.6
0.9
3.0
NOTE: Effective with January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census
occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system
is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been
revised. Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
43
Table 13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2010 and 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Industry and sex
2010
Total, both sexes
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ..................................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ............................
Construction ...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods .........................................................................
Nondurable goods ...................................................................
Wholesale and retail trade .........................................................
Wholesale trade .......................................................................
Retail trade ..............................................................................
Transportation and utilities .........................................................
Transportation and warehousing .............................................
Utilities .....................................................................................
Information .................................................................................
Financial activities ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ............................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..........................................
Professional and business services ...........................................
Professional and technical services .........................................
Management, administrative, and waste services....................
Education and health services ...................................................
Educational services ................................................................
Health care and social assistance ...........................................
Hospitals ................................................................................
Health services, except hospitals ..........................................
Social assistance ...................................................................
Leisure and hospitality ...............................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .........................................
Accommodation and food services ..........................................
Other services ............................................................................
Other services, except private households ..............................
Private households ..................................................................
Public administration ..................................................................
44
2011
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
139,064
2,206
731
9,077
14,081
8,789
5,293
19,739
3,805
15,934
7,134
5,880
1,253
3,149
9,350
6,605
2,745
15,253
9,115
6,138
32,062
13,155
18,907
6,249
9,406
3,252
12,530
2,966
9,564
6,769
6,102
667
6,983
100.0
1.6
.5
6.5
10.1
6.3
3.8
14.2
2.7
11.5
5.1
4.2
.9
2.3
6.7
4.7
2.0
11.0
6.6
4.4
23.1
9.5
13.6
4.5
6.8
2.3
9.0
2.1
6.9
4.9
4.4
.5
5.0
139,869
2,254
817
9,039
14,336
9,007
5,329
19,726
3,798
15,927
7,200
5,957
1,243
3,150
9,386
6,613
2,773
15,819
9,461
6,358
31,867
12,965
18,902
6,315
9,367
3,221
12,697
2,922
9,775
6,724
6,002
722
6,853
100.0
1.6
.6
6.5
10.2
6.4
3.8
14.1
2.7
11.4
5.1
4.3
.9
2.3
6.7
4.7
2.0
11.3
6.8
4.5
22.8
9.3
13.5
4.5
6.7
2.3
9.1
2.1
7.0
4.8
4.3
.5
4.9
Table 13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2010 and 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Industry and sex
2010
2011
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………
65,705
100.0
65,579
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ..................................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ............................
Construction ...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods .........................................................................
Nondurable goods ...................................................................
Wholesale and retail trade .........................................................
Wholesale trade .......................................................................
Retail trade ..............................................................................
Transportation and utilities .........................................................
Transportation and warehousing .............................................
Utilities .....................................................................................
Information .................................................................................
Financial activities ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ............................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..........................................
Professional and business services ...........................................
Professional and technical services .........................................
Management, administrative, and waste services....................
Education and health services ...................................................
Educational services ................................................................
Health care and social assistance ...........................................
Hospitals ................................................................................
Health services, except hospitals ..........................................
Social assistance ...................................................................
Leisure and hospitality ...............................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .........................................
Accommodation and food services ..........................................
Other services ............................................................................
Other services, except private households ..............................
Private households ..................................................................
Public administration ..................................................................
541
101
807
3,949
2,144
1,806
8,957
1,089
7,868
1,630
1,358
273
1,289
5,081
3,787
1,294
6,304
3,937
2,366
23,962
9,025
14,937
4,783
7,402
2,752
6,444
1,381
5,063
3,496
2,889
607
3,145
.8
.1
1.4
6.2
3.4
2.8
13.6
1.7
11.9
2.5
2.2
.4
2.1
7.9
6.0
1.9
9.5
6.1
3.4
36.4
13.9
22.5
7.3
11.1
4.1
10.0
2.1
7.9
5.5
4.4
1.1
4.8
556
99
828
4,108
2,230
1,878
8,826
1,083
7,742
1,625
1,349
276
1,267
5,132
3,811
1,320
6,480
4,023
2,457
23,706
8,870
14,836
4,786
7,314
2,737
6,397
1,324
5,073
3,494
2,850
644
3,060
.8
.2
1.3
6.3
3.4
2.9
13.5
1.7
11.8
2.5
2.1
.4
1.9
7.8
5.8
2.0
9.9
6.1
3.7
36.1
13.5
22.6
7.3
11.2
4.2
9.8
2.0
7.7
5.3
4.3
1.0
4.7
Women
45
Table 13. Employed persons by industry and sex, 2010 and 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Year
Industry and sex
2010
2011
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total, 16 years and over…………….………………………
73,359
100.0
74,290
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ..................................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ............................
Construction ...............................................................................
Manufacturing ............................................................................
Durable goods .........................................................................
Nondurable goods ...................................................................
Wholesale and retail trade .........................................................
Wholesale trade .......................................................................
Retail trade ..............................................................................
Transportation and utilities .........................................................
Transportation and warehousing .............................................
Utilities .....................................................................................
Information .................................................................................
Financial activities ......................................................................
Finance and insurance ............................................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ..........................................
Professional and business services ...........................................
Professional and technical services .........................................
Management, administrative, and waste services....................
Education and health services ...................................................
Educational services ................................................................
Health care and social assistance ...........................................
Hospitals ................................................................................
Health services, except hospitals ..........................................
Social assistance ...................................................................
Leisure and hospitality ...............................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .........................................
Accommodation and food services ..........................................
Other services ............................................................................
Other services, except private households ..............................
Private households ..................................................................
Public administration ..................................................................
1,665
630
8,270
10,132
6,645
3,487
10,782
2,716
8,066
5,503
4,523
981
1,861
4,269
2,818
1,451
8,949
5,178
3,772
8,100
4,130
3,970
1,466
2,004
500
6,086
1,585
4,501
3,273
3,213
60
3,838
2.3
.9
11.3
13.8
9.1
4.8
14.7
3.7
11.0
7.5
6.2
1.3
2.5
5.8
3.8
2.0
12.2
7.1
5.1
11.0
5.6
5.4
2.0
2.7
.7
8.3
2.2
6.1
4.5
4.4
.1
5.2
1,698
718
8,211
10,228
6,777
3,451
10,900
2,715
8,185
5,575
4,608
967
1,883
4,255
2,802
1,453
9,338
5,438
3,901
8,160
4,095
4,066
1,529
2,053
484
6,300
1,599
4,702
3,230
3,152
78
3,793
2.3
1.0
11.1
13.8
9.1
4.6
14.7
3.7
11.0
7.5
6.2
1.3
2.5
5.7
3.8
2.0
12.6
7.3
5.3
11.0
5.5
5.5
2.1
2.8
0.7
8.5
2.2
6.3
4.3
4.2
.1
5.1
Men
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
46
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Total, 16 years and over……………………...………………………………………………
139,869
Percent women
46.9
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting........................................................................
Crop production.......................................................................................................
Animal production....................................................................................................
Forestry, except logging...........................................................................................
Logging....................................................................................................................
Fishing, hunting, and trapping..................................................................................
Support activities for agriculture and forestry...........................................................
2,254
966
907
42
97
51
191
24.7
25.4
24.2
—
8.5
12.9
33.8
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction..................................................................
Oil and gas extraction..............................................................................................
Coal mining..............................................................................................................
Metal ore mining......................................................................................................
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying...............................................................
Not specified type of mining.....................................................................................
Support activities for mining.....................................................................................
817
64
110
40
66
16
521
12.1
19.6
4.8
—
7.1
—
13.9
Construction...................................................................................................................
9,039
9.2
Manufacturing.................................................................................................................
Durable goods.............................................................................................................
Nonmetallic mineral products...................................................................................
Pottery, ceramics, and related product manufacturing..........................................
Structural clay product manufacturing..................................................................
Glass and glass products.....................................................................................
Cement, concrete, lime, and gypsum products.....................................................
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing...................................
Primary metals and fabricated metal products.........................................................
Iron and steel mills and steel products..................................................................
Aluminum production and processing...................................................................
Nonferrous metal, except aluminum, production and processing..........................
Foundries.............................................................................................................
Metal forgings and stampings...............................................................................
Cutlery and hand tools..........................................................................................
Structural metals and tanks and shipping containers............................................
Machine shops; turned products; screws, nuts, and bolts.....................................
Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities...........................................
Ordnance..............................................................................................................
Miscellaneous fabricated metal product manufacturing........................................
Not specified metal industries...............................................................................
Machinery manufacturing.........................................................................................
Agricultural implements........................................................................................
Construction, mining, and oil field machinery........................................................
Commercial and service industry machinery........................................................
Metalworking machinery.......................................................................................
Engines, turbines, and power transmission equipment.........................................
Machinery manufacturing, n.e.c............................................................................
Not specified machinery manufacturing................................................................
Computers and electronic products..........................................................................
Computer and peripheral equipment.....................................................................
Communications, audio, and video equipment......................................................
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments........................
Electronic component and product manufacturing, n.e.c......................................
14,336
9,007
392
29
27
140
143
52
1,658
295
65
63
87
46
44
345
307
81
41
258
26
1,126
104
147
85
137
61
584
7
1,267
274
128
214
650
28.7
24.8
18.4
—
—
21.6
8.8
21.1
15.2
8.4
21.2
14.9
12.7
—
—
15.3
10.2
16.2
—
23.5
—
21.5
18.1
18.2
28.3
14.4
15.6
23.9
—
33.4
31.2
31.8
35.4
34.1
See note at end of table.
47
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Electrical equipment and appliances........................................................................
Household appliances..........................................................................................
Electrical lighting, equipment, and supplies manufacturing, n.e.c.........................
Transportation equipment........................................................................................
Motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment........................................................
Aircraft and parts..................................................................................................
Aerospace products and parts..............................................................................
Railroad rolling stock manufacturing.....................................................................
Ship and boat building..........................................................................................
Other transportation equipment manufacturing.....................................................
Wood products.........................................................................................................
Sawmills and wood preservation..........................................................................
Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood products................................................
Prefabricated wood buildings and mobile homes..................................................
Miscellaneous wood products...............................................................................
Furniture and related products manufacturing......................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing...................................................................................
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing...................................................
Toys, amusement, and sporting goods manufacturing..........................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing, n.e.c......................................................................
Not specified manufacturing industries.................................................................
366
70
296
2,022
994
390
438
19
147
33
375
135
20
22
198
474
1,328
573
110
479
167
29.6
40.1
27.1
23.2
25.9
20.1
22.6
—
16.7
—
14.1
11.6
—
—
15.6
24.2
37.4
42.4
38.9
33.0
31.7
Nondurable goods.......................................................................................................
Food manufacturing.................................................................................................
Animal food, grain, and oilseed milling..................................................................
Sugar and confectionery products........................................................................
Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty foods..............................................
Dairy products......................................................................................................
Animal slaughtering and processing.....................................................................
Retail bakeries......................................................................................................
Bakeries, except retail..........................................................................................
Seafood and other miscellaneous foods, n.e.c.....................................................
Not specified food industries.................................................................................
Beverages and tobacco products.............................................................................
Beverages manufacturing.....................................................................................
Tobacco manufacturing........................................................................................
Textiles, apparel, and leather...................................................................................
Fiber, yarn, and thread mills.................................................................................
Fabric mills, except knitting...................................................................................
Textile and fabric finishing and coating mills.........................................................
Carpet and rug mills.............................................................................................
Textile product mills, except carpets and rugs......................................................
Knitting mills.........................................................................................................
Cut and sew apparel.............................................................................................
Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing.........................................
Footwear manufacturing.......................................................................................
Leather tanning and products, except footwear manufacturing.............................
Paper and printing....................................................................................................
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills........................................................................
Paperboard containers and boxes........................................................................
Miscellaneous paper and pulp products................................................................
Printing and related support activities...................................................................
Petroleum and coal products...................................................................................
Petroleum refining................................................................................................
5,329
1,685
161
82
158
165
507
191
194
188
38
260
243
18
601
10
108
21
52
82
32
222
7
42
25
872
173
90
84
524
187
167
35.2
36.9
28.8
30.8
42.3
29.7
32.5
57.8
33.9
40.8
—
26.0
25.6
—
53.4
—
45.4
—
42.6
58.7
—
59.3
—
—
—
27.4
18.5
16.1
30.9
31.8
19.1
20.4
See note at end of table.
48
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Miscellaneous petroleum and coal products.........................................................
Chemicals................................................................................................................
Resins, synthetic rubber and fibers, and filaments................................................
Agricultural chemical manufacturing.....................................................................
Pharmaceuticals and medicines...........................................................................
Paints, coatings, and adhesives...........................................................................
Soaps, cleaning compounds, and cosmetics........................................................
Industrial and miscellaneous chemicals................................................................
Plastics and rubber products....................................................................................
Plastics product manufacturing.............................................................................
Tire manufacturing................................................................................................
Rubber product, except tire, manufacturing..........................................................
20
1,267
189
30
458
65
132
391
457
315
65
77
—
35.4
27.1
—
49.0
23.2
49.1
21.7
31.6
32.7
16.7
39.5
Wholesale and retail trade..............................................................................................
Wholesale trade..........................................................................................................
Motor vehicles, parts and supplies, merchant wholesalers......................................
Furniture and home furnishings, merchant wholesalers...........................................
Lumber and other construction materials, merchant wholesalers.............................
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies, merchant wholesalers........
Metals and minerals, except petroleum, merchant wholesalers...............................
Electrical goods, merchant wholesalers...................................................................
Hardware, plumbing and heating equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers..
Machinery, equipment, and supplies, merchant wholesalers...................................
Recyclable materials, merchant wholesalers...........................................................
Miscellaneous durable goods, merchant wholesalers..............................................
Paper and paper products, merchant wholesalers...................................................
Drugs, sundries, and chemical and allied products, merchant wholesalers..............
Apparel, fabrics, and notions, merchant wholesalers...............................................
Groceries and related products, merchant wholesalers...........................................
Farm product raw materials, merchant wholesalers.................................................
Petroleum and petroleum products, merchant wholesalers......................................
Alcoholic beverages, merchant wholesalers............................................................
Farm supplies, merchant wholesalers......................................................................
Miscellaneous nondurable goods, merchant wholesalers........................................
Wholesale electronic markets, agents and brokers..................................................
Not specified wholesale trade..................................................................................
19,726
3,798
193
70
146
384
47
194
138
369
117
103
67
239
108
843
63
167
135
64
215
88
47
44.7
28.5
24.1
30.3
19.8
34.2
—
24.1
25.7
26.1
12.5
37.4
33.2
44.2
52.7
24.9
26.9
25.9
13.9
23.2
36.9
33.8
—
Retail trade..................................................................................................................
Automobile dealers..................................................................................................
Other motor vehicle dealers.....................................................................................
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores...................................................................
Furniture and home furnishings stores.....................................................................
Household appliance stores.....................................................................................
Radio, TV, and computer stores..............................................................................
Building material and supplies dealers.....................................................................
Hardware stores......................................................................................................
Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores....................................................
Grocery stores.........................................................................................................
Specialty food stores................................................................................................
Beer, wine, and liquor stores....................................................................................
Pharmacies and drug stores....................................................................................
Health and personal care, except drug, stores.........................................................
Gasoline stations.....................................................................................................
Clothing and accessories, except shoe, stores........................................................
15,927
1,194
132
548
518
62
536
855
252
261
2,805
271
129
826
318
454
1,012
48.6
18.2
23.9
16.9
41.0
28.4
28.3
28.9
29.2
29.8
50.2
46.2
35.6
65.0
64.1
50.5
75.4
See note at end of table.
49
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Shoe stores..............................................................................................................
Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores.............................................................
Sporting goods, camera, and hobby and toy stores.................................................
Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores..........................................................
Music stores............................................................................................................
Book stores and news dealers.................................................................................
Department stores and discount stores....................................................................
Miscellaneous general merchandise stores.............................................................
Retail florists............................................................................................................
Office supplies and stationery stores.......................................................................
Used merchandise stores........................................................................................
Gift, novelty, and souvenir shops.............................................................................
Miscellaneous retail stores.......................................................................................
Electronic shopping..................................................................................................
Electronic auctions...................................................................................................
Mail order houses....................................................................................................
Vending machine operators.....................................................................................
Fuel dealers.............................................................................................................
Other direct selling establishments..........................................................................
Not specified retail trade..........................................................................................
160
212
453
66
84
150
2,218
491
80
145
223
159
485
151
20
62
44
80
202
269
58.9
66.2
40.1
72.5
26.3
60.9
61.0
60.2
76.2
40.7
62.1
76.3
54.6
44.8
—
68.2
—
27.6
69.4
53.0
Transportation and utilities..............................................................................................
Transportation and warehousing.................................................................................
Air transportation.....................................................................................................
Rail transportation....................................................................................................
Water transportation................................................................................................
Truck transportation.................................................................................................
Bus service and urban transit...................................................................................
Taxi and limousine service.......................................................................................
Pipeline transportation.............................................................................................
Scenic and sightseeing transportation.....................................................................
Services incidental to transportation........................................................................
Postal Service..........................................................................................................
Couriers and messengers........................................................................................
Warehousing and storage........................................................................................
7,200
5,957
509
246
67
1,739
505
234
57
34
801
711
693
361
22.6
22.6
35.3
10.5
18.8
11.8
36.0
11.0
18.8
—
23.9
39.7
20.0
23.5
Utilities........................................................................................................................
Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution.........................................
Natural gas distribution............................................................................................
Electric and gas, and other combinations................................................................
Water, steam, air-conditioning, and irrigation systems.............................................
Sewage treatment facilities......................................................................................
Not specified utilities................................................................................................
1,243
659
117
84
245
109
29
22.2
21.5
27.1
32.0
21.7
11.8
—
Information.....................................................................................................................
Newspaper publishers.............................................................................................
Periodical, book, and directory publishers................................................................
Software publishers…………...................................................................................
Motion pictures and video industries........................................................................
Sound recording industries......................................................................................
Radio and television broadcasting and cable subscription programming.................
Internet publishing and broadcasting and web search portals..................................
Wired telecommunications carriers..........................................................................
Other telecommunications services.........................................................................
3,150
281
263
63
386
40
596
63
564
541
40.2
41.0
54.8
26.8
35.6
—
33.5
35.8
32.8
35.5
See note at end of table.
50
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Data processing, hosting, and related services........................................................
Libraries and archives..............................................................................................
Other information services.......................................................................................
101
217
34
Financial activities..........................................................................................................
Finance and insurance................................................................................................
Banking and related activities..................................................................................
Savings institutions, including credit unions.............................................................
Nondepository credit and related activities...............................................................
Securities, commodities, funds, trusts, and other financial investments...................
Insurance carriers and related activities...................................................................
9,386
6,613
2,062
263
747
1,127
2,414
54.7
57.6
63.3
72.3
55.5
38.7
60.7
Real estate and rental and leasing..............................................................................
Real estate...............................................................................................................
Rental and leasing services.....................................................................................
Automotive equipment rental and leasing.............................................................
Videotape and disk rental.....................................................................................
Other consumer goods rental...............................................................................
Commercial, industrial, and other intangible assets rental and leasing.................
2,773
2,384
389
176
23
92
97
47.6
51.0
27.1
26.5
—
29.6
19.5
Professional and business services................................................................................
Professional and technical services............................................................................
Legal services..........................................................................................................
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services..............................
Architectural, engineering, and related services.......................................................
Specialized design services.....................................................................................
Computer systems design and related services.......................................................
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services......................................
Scientific research and development services.........................................................
Advertising and related services..............................................................................
Veterinary services..................................................................................................
Other professional, scientific, and technical services...............................................
15,819
9,461
1,665
1,012
1,496
379
1,935
1,309
541
518
270
335
41.0
42.5
54.4
62.6
23.0
53.2
25.0
41.1
45.4
51.8
79.5
56.0
Management, administrative, and waste services.......................................................
Management of companies and enterprises............................................................
Employment services...............................................................................................
Business support services.......................................................................................
Travel arrangement and reservation services..........................................................
Investigation and security services..........................................................................
Services to buildings and dwellings..........................................................................
Landscaping services..............................................................................................
Other administrative and other support services......................................................
Waste management and remediation services........................................................
6,358
195
895
830
262
800
1,373
1,258
275
469
38.6
47.1
51.6
62.9
57.6
22.0
52.4
9.7
44.9
18.8
Education and health services........................................................................................
Educational services...................................................................................................
Elementary and secondary schools.........................................................................
Colleges and universities, including junior colleges..................................................
Business, technical, and trade schools and training.................................................
Other schools, instruction, and educational services...............................................
31,867
12,965
8,524
3,607
123
711
74.4
68.4
75.5
53.5
53.3
62.5
Health care and social assistance...............................................................................
Hospitals..................................................................................................................
18,902
6,315
78.5
75.8
See note at end of table.
51
47.2
81.2
—
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Percent women
Health services, except hospitals.............................................................................
Offices of physicians.............................................................................................
Offices of dentists.................................................................................................
Offices of chiropractors.........................................................................................
Offices of optometrists..........................................................................................
Offices of other health practitioners......................................................................
Outpatient care centers........................................................................................
Home health care services...................................................................................
Other health care services....................................................................................
Nursing care facilities...........................................................................................
Residential care facilities, without nursing............................................................
Social assistance.....................................................................................................
Individual and family services...............................................................................
Community food and housing, and emergency services.......................................
Vocational rehabilitation services..........................................................................
Child day care services.........................................................................................
9,367
1,512
866
129
123
279
1,214
968
1,738
1,778
760
3,221
1,481
99
156
1,485
78.1
77.4
81.2
61.3
77.4
76.0
78.3
88.6
70.6
83.8
69.9
85.0
79.1
67.6
55.0
95.2
Leisure and hospitality....................................................................................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation.............................................................................
Independent artists, performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries.........
Museums, art galleries, historical sites, and similar institutions...............................
Bowling centers.......................................................................................................
Other amusement, gambling, and recreation industries...........................................
12,697
2,922
798
371
51
1,702
50.4
45.3
40.3
47.3
41.9
47.3
Accommodation and food services..............................................................................
Accommodation.......................................................................................................
Traveler accommodation......................................................................................
Recreational vehicle parks and camps, and rooming and boarding houses..........
Food services and drinking places...........................................................................
Restaurants and other food services....................................................................
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages....................................................................
9,775
1,407
1,301
106
8,368
8,148
220
51.9
53.5
53.7
52.2
51.6
51.5
56.2
Other services................................................................................................................
Other services, except private households..................................................................
Repair and maintenance..........................................................................................
Automotive repair and maintenance.....................................................................
Car washes..........................................................................................................
Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance................................
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance.....
Personal and household goods repair and maintenance......................................
Footwear and leather goods repair.......................................................................
Personal and laundry services.................................................................................
Barber shops........................................................................................................
Beauty salons.......................................................................................................
Nail salons and other personal care services.......................................................
Dry-cleaning and laundry services........................................................................
Funeral homes, cemeteries, and crematories.......................................................
Other personal services........................................................................................
Membership associations and organizations............................................................
Religious organizations.........................................................................................
Civic, social, advocacy organizations, and grantmaking and giving services........
Labor unions.........................................................................................................
Business, professional, political, and similar organizations...................................
Private households......................................................................................................
6,724
6,002
1,984
1,132
165
182
308
192
4
2,218
97
961
377
327
106
350
1,800
1,025
579
76
121
722
52.0
47.5
10.7
8.4
11.8
11.0
8.5
26.7
—
74.6
23.4
91.5
78.1
58.5
38.6
64.6
54.6
48.4
67.0
37.3
58.8
89.3
See note at end of table.
52
Table 14. Employed persons by detailed industry and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Industry
Total employed
Public administration......................................................................................................
Executive offices and legislative bodies...................................................................
Public finance activities............................................................................................
Other general government and support....................................................................
Justice, public order, and safety activities................................................................
Administration of human resource programs............................................................
Administration of environmental quality and housing programs................................
Administration of economic programs and space research......................................
National security and international affairs................................................................
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified.
NOTE: Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
53
6,853
884
346
138
2,820
976
299
594
795
Percent women
44.7
53.7
62.3
37.3
33.6
72.4
41.6
43.7
35.2
Table 15. Employed women by industry, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2011 annual averages
(Percent distribution)
White
Black or
African
American
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)……………..……
52,770
8,098
3,165
8,220
Percent……………………………………………………
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
0.1
0.3
1.3
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ....................
.2
.1
.1
.1
Construction ......................................................................
1.4
.5
.4
1.1
Manufacturing ....................................................................
6.2
5.2
9.5
7.9
Durable goods .................................................................
3.4
2.6
5.9
3.5
Nondurable goods ...........................................................
2.9
2.7
3.6
4.4
Wholesale and retail trade .................................................
13.8
11.9
12.7
14.9
Industry
Agriculture and related industries ......................................
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Wholesale trade ..............................................................
1.8
.9
2.1
1.9
Retail trade ......................................................................
12.0
11.0
10.6
13.0
Transportation and utilities ................................................
2.3
3.8
2.1
2.5
Transportation and warehousing .....................................
1.9
3.2
1.9
2.1
Utilities .............................................................................
.4
.5
.3
.3
Information .........................................................................
1.9
2.1
1.7
1.3
Financial activities .............................................................
8.0
6.7
8.2
6.7
Finance and insurance ....................................................
5.9
5.4
6.7
4.9
Real estate and rental and leasing ..................................
2.2
1.3
1.5
1.8
P f
Professional
i
l and
db
business
i
services
i
..................................
10 2
10.2
78
7.8
10 5
10.5
10 3
10.3
Professional and technical services ................................
6.4
3.5
8.3
3.5
Management, administrative, and waste services............
3.7
4.3
2.1
6.8
Education and health services ...........................................
35.6
41.7
31.4
30.4
Educational services ........................................................
14.1
12.0
8.4
10.0
Health care and social assistance ...................................
21.5
29.7
22.9
20.4
Hospitals ........................................................................
6.9
9.1
9.7
4.8
Health services, except hospitals ..................................
10.6
14.8
10.4
10.2
Social assistance ...........................................................
4.0
5.9
2.9
5.4
Leisure and hospitality .......................................................
9.7
8.9
11.5
13.2
Arts, entertainment, and recreation .................................
2.1
1.2
2.2
1.5
Accommodation and food services ..................................
7.6
7.7
9.3
11.6
Other services ...................................................................
5.4
3.8
8.2
6.7
Other services, except private households ......................
4.3
3.2
7.5
3.8
Private households ..........................................................
1.0
.7
.7
2.8
Public administration .........................................................
4.3
7.4
3.3
3.7
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
54
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 1979–2011 annual averages
Total, both sexes
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
$241
$248
$199
-
$194
$182
$184
$169
-
$157
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…….
1984…….
1985………
1986 1……
1987…….
1988………
1989…….
262
284
302
313
326
344
359
374
385
399
269
291
310
320
336
356
371
384
395
409
212
235
245
261
269
277
291
301
314
319
-
209
223
240
250
259
270
277
285
290
298
201
219
239
252
265
277
291
303
315
328
203
221
242
254
268
281
294
307
318
334
185
206
217
232
241
252
264
276
288
301
-
172
190
203
215
223
230
241
251
260
269
1990 1……
1991…….
1992…….
1993…….
1994 1……
1995…….
1996…….
1997 1……
1998 1……
1999 1……
412
426
440
459
467
479
490
503
523
549
424
442
458
475
484
494
506
519
545
573
329
348
357
369
371
383
387
400
426
445
-
304
312
321
331
324
329
339
351
370
385
346
366
380
393
399
406
418
431
456
473
353
373
387
401
408
415
428
444
468
483
308
323
335
348
346
355
362
375
400
409
-
278
292
302
313
305
305
316
318
337
348
2000 1……
2001…….
2002…….
2003 1……
2004…….
2005……
2006…….
2007…….
2008 1……
2009 ……
576
596
608
620
638
651
671
695
722
739
590
610
623
636
657
672
690
716
742
757
474
491
498
514
525
520
554
569
589
601
$615
639
658
693
708
753
784
830
861
880
399
417
424
440
456
471
486
503
529
541
493
512
529
552
573
585
600
614
638
657
502
522
547
567
584
596
609
626
654
669
429
454
473
491
505
499
519
533
554
582
$547
563
566
598
613
665
699
731
753
779
366
388
397
410
419
429
440
473
501
509
2010 ……
2011 ……
747
756
765
775
611
615
855
866
535
549
669
684
684
703
592
595
773
751
508
518
Year
1979…….
Women
Asian
See footnote at end of table.
55
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers in current dollars by race,
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and sex, 1979–2011 annual averages—Continued
Men
Women's earnings as a percent of men's
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
$292
$298
$227
—
$219
62.3
61.7
74.4
—
71.7
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…….
1984…….
1985………
1986 1……
1987…….
1988………
1989…….
313
340
364
379
392
407
419
434
449
468
320
350
375
387
401
418
433
450
465
482
244
268
278
294
303
305
319
327
348
348
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
234
251
269
274
287
296
299
306
308
315
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
63.4
63.1
64.5
65.6
66.8
67.2
67.9
68.2
68.4
69.3
75.8
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.5
82.6
82.8
84.4
82.8
86.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
73.5
75.7
75.5
78.5
77.7
77.7
80.6
82.0
84.4
85.4
1990 1……
1991…….
1992…….
1993…….
1994 1……
1995…….
1996…….
1997 1……
1998 1……
1999 1……
481
493
501
510
522
538
557
579
598
618
494
506
514
524
547
566
580
595
615
638
361
375
380
392
400
411
412
432
468
488
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
318
323
339
346
343
350
356
371
390
406
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
71.5
73.7
75.3
76.5
74.6
73.3
73.8
74.6
76.1
75.7
85.3
86.1
88.2
88.8
86.5
86.4
87.9
86.8
85.5
83.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
87.4
90.4
89.1
90.5
88.9
87.1
88.8
85.7
86.4
85.7
2000 1……
2001…….
2002…….
2003 1……
2004…….
2005……
2006…….
2007…….
2008 1……
2009 ……
641
670
679
695
713
722
743
766
798
819
662
689
702
715
732
743
761
788
825
845
510
529
524
555
569
559
591
600
620
621
$685
732
756
772
802
825
882
936
966
952
417
440
451
464
480
489
505
520
559
569
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
75.8
75.8
77.9
79.3
79.8
80.2
80.0
79.4
79.3
79.2
84.1
85.8
90.3
88.5
88.8
89.3
87.8
88.8
89.4
93.7
79.9
76.9
74.9
77.5
76.4
80.6
79.3
78.1
78.0
81.8
87.8
88.2
88.0
88.4
87.3
87.7
87.1
91.0
89.6
89.5
2010 ……
2011 ……
824
832
850
856
633
653
936
970
560
571
81.2
82.2
80.5
82.1
93.5
91.1
82.6
77.4
90.7
90.7
Year
1979…….
1
The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and conceptual changes
in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the historical comparability documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: Beginning in 2003, estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) include people
who selected this race group only; people who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, people who
reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Data for 2000–02 are for the category
Asians and Pacific Islanders. Starting in 2003, Asians constitute a separate category. For more information, see the historical
comparability documentation. Data for Asians were not tabulated prior to 2000. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic
or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
56
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and
salary workers 25 years of age and over by educational attainment
and sex, 2011 annual averages
Total employed
(in thousands)
Educational attainment and sex
Median weekly
earnings
Total, both sexes
Total……………….…………………………
Less than a high school diploma …………
High school graduate or more………….
High school graduates, no college………
Some college or associate's degree……
Some college, no degree…………….…
Associate's degree………………….……
Occupational program…………...……
Academic program…………….………
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree……………….………
Master's degree…………………...……
Professional degree…..……………..…
Doctoral degree…………...……………
91,733
7,019
84,715
25,157
25,205
15,178
10,027
4,466
5,562
34,353
21,834
9,256
1,538
1,726
$797
451
840
638
739
719
768
760
775
1,150
1,053
1,263
1,665
1,551
40,714
2,225
38,489
10 220
10,220
12,048
6,940
5,108
2,138
2,970
16,221
10,200
4,777
579
665
718
395
741
554
645
622
682
657
701
998
930
1,125
1,415
1,371
Women
Total……………………………..……………
Less than a high school diploma…………
High school graduate or more………….
Hi h school
High
h l graduates,
d t
no college………
ll
Some college or associate's degree……
Some college, no degree…………….…
Associate's degree………………….……
Occupational program…………...……
Academic program…………….………
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree……………...………
Master's degree………………...………
Professional degree……………….……
Doctoral degree……………………..……
57
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and
salary workers 25 years of age and over by educational attainment
and sex, 2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Total employed
(in thousands)
Educational attainment and sex
Median weekly
earnings
Men
Total……………………….…………………
Less than a high school diploma…………
High school graduate or more………….
High school graduates, no college………
Some college or associate's degree……
Some college, no degree…………….…
Associate's degree………………….……
Occupational program…………...……
Academic program…………….………
College graduates, total…………………
Bachelor's degree………………….……
Master's degree……………...…………
Professional degree…………...………
Doctoral degree………………….………
51,020
4,794
46,226
14,937
13,156
8,237
4,919
2,327
2,592
18,132
11,634
4,478
958
1,062
$886
488
940
720
840
818
880
875
885
1,332
1,199
1,515
1,836
1,734
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
58
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Total, 16 years and older………………………………………………100,457
Management, professional, and related occupations……………… 39,791
Management, business, and financial
operations occupations…………………………………………… 16,061
Management occupations…………………………………….
10,891
Chief executives………………………………………………
990
General and operations managers…………......................
921
13
Legislators………………………………………………………
68
Advertising and promotions managers………………………
891
Marketing and sales managers…………..........................…
62
Public relations and fundraising managers…………………
Administrative services managers………………………….
115
530
Computer and information systems managers………………
Financial managers…………………………………………..
1,044
21
Compensation and benefits managers………………………
Human resources managers……………………………….
207
Training and development managers………………………
36
250
Industrial production managers…………..........................…
183
Purchasing managers…………………………………………
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers………
229
98
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers………
Construction managers……………………………………..
464
Education administrators………………………………….…
735
98
Architectural and engineering managers……………………
Food service managers………………………………………
675
8
Funeral service managers……….……………………………
22
Gaming managers……………..………………………………
Lodging managers……………………………………………
91
450
Medical and health services managers………………………
12
Natural sciences managers……………………………………
29
Postmasters and mail superintendents………………………
Property, real estate, and community
association managers………………………………………
317
277
Social and community service managers……………………
Emergency management directors…………………………
5
2,050
Managers, all other……………………………………………
5,170
Business and financial operations occupations………………
Agents and business managers of artists,
25
performers, and athletes………………………………………
7
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products………………
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products………
130
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and
226
farm products…………………………………………………
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners,
and investigators……………………………………………
271
176
Compliance officers……………………………………………
106
Cost estimators…………………………………………………
522
Human resource workers………………………………………
53
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialits………
Training and development specialists………………………
117
77
Logisticians…………………………………………………….
458
Management analysts…………………………………………
Meeting, convention, and event planners……………………
87
See footnotes at end of table.
59
Women
Men
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
$684
941
55,971
19,267
$832
1,269
82.2
74.2
7,386
4,440
245
270
4
40
392
29
44
138
567
14
149
12
45
89
33
17
31
467
7
314
5
7
55
325
7
19
977
1,018
1,464
972
(1)
(1)
1,127
(1)
1
( )
1,543
991
(1)
1,273
(1)
(1)
1,026
(1)
(1)
1
( )
1,061
(1)
599
(1)
(1)
841
1,166
1
( )
(1)
8,676
6,451
745
651
9
28
499
33
71
392
477
7
58
24
204
94
196
81
433
268
91
361
4
15
36
125
5
10
1,370
1,427
2,122
1,319
(1)
(1)
1,660
(1)
1,170
1,595
1,504
(1)
1,488
—
1,245
1,368
861
855
1,325
1,532
1,908
734
(1)
(1)
1
( )
1,456
1
( )
(1)
71.3
71.3
69.0
73.7
(²)
(²)
67.9
(²)
(²)
96.7
65.9
(²)
85.6
(²)
(²)
75.0
(²)
(²)
(²)
69.3
(²)
81.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
80.1
(²)
(²)
921
1,045
(1)
1,265
1,038
182
196
1
737
2,946
728
973
(1)
1,047
937
135
81
4
1,313
2,225
1,201
1,221
(1)
1,406
1,225
60.6
79.7
(²)
74.5
76.5
(1)
(1)
882
13
2
62
( )
1
( )
849
12
5
68
( )
1
( )
928
(²)
(²)
91.5
1,015
118
945
108
1,129
83.7
913
1,125
1,080
938
893
1,059
864
1,355
889
162
78
19
406
39
64
27
208
71
804
995
(1)
912
(1)
951
(1)
1,174
892
110
98
87
116
13
53
50
250
16
1,077
1,279
1,117
1,053
(1)
1,260
938
1,514
(1)
74.7
77.8
(²)
86.6
(²)
84.0
(²)
77.5
(²)
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
$756
1,082
44,486
20,524
1,160
1,237
1,963
1,191
(1)
1,164
1,408
1,475
1,021
1,579
1,166
(1)
1,331
1
( )
1,211
1,242
882
800
1,268
1,228
1,914
660
(1)
(1)
883
1,252
(1)
(1)
Median
weekly
earnings
1
1
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Men
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
56
167
238
1,383
50
52
21
63
270
108
7
306
67
55
72
23,730
3,296
19
373
45
411
$1,064
1,157
991
1,056
990
1,174
(1)
1,737
1,239
970
(1)
1,024
920
701
913
1,029
1,305
(1)
1,328
1
( )
1,277
42
101
149
852
20
30
12
22
97
64
5
159
40
41
41
13,139
787
2
132
7
83
(1)
$1,029
908
956
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
941
939
(1)
829
(1)
(1)
(1)
919
1,126
(1)
1,144
(1)
1,238
14
66
88
532
30
22
9
40
173
44
2
147
27
13
30
10,592
2,509
17
242
38
329
(1)
$1,446
1,185
1,250
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
1,535
1
( )
(1)
1,345
1
( )
(1)
(1)
1,211
1,369
(1)
1,410
(1)
1,330
(²)
71.2
76.6
76.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
61.3
(²)
(²)
61.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
75.9
82.2
(²)
81.1
(²)
93.1
990
117
434
138
221
94
282
17
2
116
30
6
2,494
113
31
134
1
12
73
335
76
283
36
178
6
30
306
1,558
1,017
915
1,238
1,180
1,441
1,127
(1)
(1)
1,273
(1)
1
( )
1,315
1,325
(1)
1,621
(1)
(1)
1,757
1,398
1,528
1,442
1
( )
1336
(1)
1
( )
1,374
179
35
107
48
49
12
61
5
1
51
13
2
316
21
5
16
0
2
16
46
10
26
10
34
1
4
16
812
81
326
90
172
81
221
12
1
66
17
5
2,178
92
26
119
1
10
57
289
66
256
26
143
6
26
290
1,606
1,033
896
1,470
1,243
1,585
1,165
1
( )
1
( )
1,258
(1)
(1)
1,343
1,351
(1)
1,745
(1)
(1)
1,885
1,436
1,546
1,455
(1)
1356
(1)
(1)
1,399
86.4
(²)
106.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
85.7
(²)
(²)
105.4
(²)
(²)
84.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
9
23
19
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
2
1
1,388
(1)
951
(1)
(1)
(1)
998
1
( )
1
( )
1,326
(1)
(1)
1,140
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
1
( )
8
20
18
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(²)
(²)
(²)
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Fundraisers……………………………………………………
Maret researcxh analysts and marketing specialists………
Business operations specialists, all other…………............
Accountants and auditors……………………………………
Appraisers and assessors of real estate……………………
Budget analysts…………………………………………………
Credit analysts…………………………………………………
Financial analysts………………………………………………
Personal financial advisors………………………………….
Insurance underwriters…………..........................…………
Financial examiners……………………………………………
Credit counselors and loan officers…………………………
Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents……………
Tax preparers……………………………………………………
Financial specialists, all other…………………………………
Professional and related occupations…………………………..
Computer and mathematical occupations………………………
Computer and information research scientists………………
Computer systems analysts………………………………
Information security analysts………………………………
Computer programmers………………………………………
Software developers, applications and systems……………
software……………………………………………………..
Web developers…………………………………………………
Computer support specialists…………………………………
Database administrators…………………………………….
Network and computer systems administrators……………
Computer network architects…………………………………
Computer occupations, all other………………………………
Actuaries……………………………………………………….
Mathematicians……………………..........................…………
Operations research analysts…………………………………
Statisticians……………………………………………………
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations………
Architecture and engineering occupations……………………
Architects, except naval………………………………………
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists…………
Aerospace engineers…………………………………………
Agricultural engineers…………..........................……………
Biomedical engineers…………………………………………
Chemical engineers……………………………………………
Civil engineers……………………………………………….
Computer hardware engineers………………………………
Electrical and electronics engineers…………………………
Environmental engineers…………………………………….
Industrial engineers, including health and safety……………
Marine engineers and naval architects………………………
Materials engineers………………………………………….
Mechanical engineers…………………………………………
Mining and geological engineers, including
mining safety engineers…………………………………….
Nuclear engineers…………………………………………….
Petroleum engineers……………………………………………
Women
See footnotes at end of table.
60
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Engineers, all other…………………………………………..
Drafters…………………………………………………………
Engineering technicians, except drafters……………………
Surveying and mapping technicians…………………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations…………………
Agricultural and food scientists………………………………
Biological scientists……………………………………………
Conservation scientists and foresters………………………
Medical scientists………………………………………………
Astronomers and physicists……………………………………
Atmospheric and space scientists……………………………
Chemists and materials scientists……………………………
Environmental scientists and geoscientists…………………
Physical scientists, all other………………………………..
Economists…………………………………………………….
Survey researchers……………………………….……………
Psychologists……………………………………………………
Sociologists……………………………………………………
Urban and regional planners…………………………………
Miscellaneous social scientists and related
workers…………………………………………………………
Agricultural and food science technicians……………………
Biological technicians……………………………………….
Chemical technicians…………………………………………
Geological and petroleum technicians………………………
Nuclear technicians……………………………………………
Social science research assistants…………………………
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science
technicians……………………………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………………
Counselors……………………………..........................……
Social workers…………………………………………………
Probation officers and correctional treatment
specialists………………………………………………………
Social and human service assistants………………………
Miscellaneous community and social service
specialists, health educators and community
health workers…………………………………………………
Clergy…………………………………………………………..
Directors, religious activities and education…………………
Religious workers, all other……………………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………………
Lawyers…………………………………………………………
Judicial law clerks………………………………………………
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers……………
Paralegals and legal assistants………………………………
Miscellaneous legal support workers…………………………
Education, training, and library occupations……………………
Postsecondary teachers………………………………………
Preschool and kindergarten teachers………………………
Elementary and middle school teachers……………………
Secondary school teachers……………………………………
Special education teachers……………………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
310
124
341
53
1,043
27
103
22
141
18
7
83
86
133
20
1
104
2
19
$1,366
941
954
777
1,108
(1)
1,031
(1)
1,109
(1)
(1)
1,169
1,383
1,383
(1)
(1)
1,229
1
( )
(1)
35
23
40
6
479
10
50
4
78
4
1
38
25
51
8
0
74
2
9
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$1,038
1
( )
853
(1)
1,127
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,167
(1)
(1)
1,244
(1)
(1)
275
102
301
47
565
17
53
18
64
15
6
45
61
82
12
0
31
0
10
$1,361
1,052
952
1
( )
1,156
1
( )
1,177
(1)
1,102
(1)
(1)
1
( )
1,408
1483
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
89.8
(²)
72.5
(²)
102.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
78.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
48
13
19
69
6
3
1
(1)
(1)
1
( )
788
(1)
(1)
1
( )
29
6
9
29
3
1
0
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
19
7
10
40
3
2
1
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
118
1,931
568
684
763
813
828
817
49
1,202
380
554
( )
772
808
798
69
728
188
130
807
906
874
902
(²)
85.2
92.4
88.5
86
105
822
597
44
83
(1)
597
41
21
(1)
1
( )
(²)
(²)
62
343
34
50
1,259
704
4
58
338
155
6,518
925
532
2,436
1,005
364
676
945
(1)
654
1,277
1,774
(1)
1,655
824
815
919
1,209
606
947
1,015
939
39
51
25
26
676
242
3
26
286
120
4,769
399
519
1,973
575
308
(1)
889
(1)
(1)
1,003
1,631
(1)
(1)
813
788
869
1,093
603
933
989
935
23
292
10
24
583
462
1
32
52
35
1,749
526
13
463
431
55
(1)
961
(1)
(1)
1,758
1,884
(1)
(1)
884
(1)
1,109
1,358
(1)
1,022
1,049
967
(²)
92.5
(²)
(²)
57.1
86.6
(²)
(²)
92.0
(²)
78.4
80.5
(²)
91.3
94.3
96.7
See footnotes at end of table.
61
1
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Other teachers and instructors………………………………
368
38
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians………………
Librarians………………………………………………………
139
Library technicians……………………………………………
13
Teacher assistants……………………………………………
605
94
Other education, training, and library workers………………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media
occupations…………………………………………………… 1,464
56
Artists and related workers……………………………………
458
Designers………………………………………………………
Actors………………………………………………………….
8
105
Producers and directors………………………………………
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers…………
109
6
Dancers and choreographers…………………………………
35
Musicians, singers, and related workers……………………
Entertainers and performers, sports and related
7
workers, other…………………………………………….……
Announcers……………………………………………………
32
62
News analysts, reporters and correspondents………………
123
Public relations specialists……………………………………
132
Editors……………………………………………………………
46
Technical writers………………………………………………
Writers and authors………………………………………….
85
47
Miscellaneous media and communication workers…………
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians
79
and radio operators……………………………………………
45
Photographers…………………………………………………
Television, video, and motion picture camera
27
operators and editors…………………………………………
Media and communication equipment
2
workers, all others……………………………………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations…………… 5,725
5
Chiropractors……………………………………………………
42
Dentists…………………………………………………………
Dietitians and nutritionists……………………………………
69
9
Optometrists……………………………………………………
195
Pharmacists……………………………………………………
573
Physicians and surgeons………………………………………
69
Physician assistants……………………………………………
1
Podiatrists………………………..........................……………
Audiologists……………………………………………………
14
Occupational therapists………………………………………
72
Physical therapists…………………………………………..
146
12
Radiation therapists……………………………………………
10
Recreational therapists…………………………………………
Respiratory therapists………………………………………..
126
Speech-language pathologists…………………………….
87
2
Exercise physiologists…………………………………………
83
Therapists, all other……………………………………………
40
Veterinarians……………………………………………………
Registered Nurse……………………………………………… 2,145
Nurse anesthetists……………………………………………
26
2
Nurse midwives…………………………………………………
81
Nurse practioners………………………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
62
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
$858
(1)
850
1
( )
480
982
205
26
118
10
566
71
$739
(1)
813
1
( )
471
979
163
12
21
3
39
23
$1,105
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
66.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
929
1,115
950
(1)
1,023
825
(1)
(1)
613
21
201
2
47
25
3
5
856
(1)
816
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
850
36
257
6
58
84
3
29
995
(1)
1,045
(1)
1,130
919
(1)
(1)
86.0
(²)
78.1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1
( )
937
954
902
(1)
918
(1)
4
9
18
75
74
26
43
32
(1)
(1)
(1)
887
892
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
3
24
44
49
58
20
42
15
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
933
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
95.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
857
(1)
6
16
(1)
(1)
73
29
872
(1)
(²)
(²)
(1)
5
(1)
22
(1)
(²)
(1)
995
(1)
(1)
897
(1)
1,917
1,860
1,220
(1)
1
( )
1,189
1,322
(1)
(1)
997
1,075
(1)
885
(1)
1,039
(1)
(1)
1,461
1
4,296
2
9
64
3
110
206
44
1
10
62
87
10
7
73
84
1
64
28
1,937
10
2
69
( )
965
(1)
(1)
906
(1)
1,898
1,527
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,193
1,216
(1)
(1)
1,028
1,076
(1)
869
1
( )
1,034
1
( )
1
( )
1,432
1
1,429
3
33
6
6
85
366
24
0
4
10
59
2
3
53
3
1
19
12
208
16
0
11
( )
1,129
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,998
1,935
1
( )
(1)
(1)
1
( )
1,522
(1)
(1)
966
1
( )
(1)
(1)
1
( )
1,081
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
1
1
(²)
85.5
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
95.0
78.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
79.9
(²)
(²)
106.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
95.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners,
all other………………………………………………………
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians…………
Dental hygienists……………………………………………..
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians…………
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics…………
Health practitioner support technicians………………………
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses…………
Medical records and health information
technicians……………………………………………………
Opticians, dispensing…………………………………………
Miscellaneous health technologists and
technicians……………………………………………………
Other healthcare practitioners and technical
occupations………………………………………………….
Service occupations…………………………………………………
Health care support occupations………………………………
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides………………
Occupational therapy assistants and aides……………..
Physical therapist assistants and aides………………………
Massage therapists…………………………………………..
Dental assistants………………………………………………
Medical assistants………………………………………………
Medical transcriptionists………………………………………
Pharmacy aides……………………………………………….
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal
caretakers………………………………………………………
Phlebotomists…………………………………………………
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations,
including medical equipment preparers……………………
Protective service occupations…………………………………
First-line supervisors/managers of correctional
officers………………………………………………………..
First-line supervisors of police and detectives………………
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and
prevention workers………………………………………….
First-line supervisors, protective service workers,
all other…………………………………………………………
Fire fighters……………………………………………………
Fire inspectors…………………………………………………
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers……………………
Detectives and criminal investigators…………………………
Fish and game wardens………………………………………
Parking enforcement workers…………………………………
Police and sheriff's patrol officers……………………………
Transit and railroad police………..........................…………
Animal control workers…………………………………………
Private detectives and investigators…………………………
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers…………
Crossing guards………………………………………………
Transportation security screeners……………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
5
282
61
273
167
374
424
(1)
$861
986
981
715
644
722
2
206
59
191
54
283
386
(1)
$845
992
964
649
632
720
3
77
3
82
113
91
39
(1)
$888
(1)
1,054
757
682
(1)
(²)
95.2
(²)
91.5
85.7
92.7
(²)
107
34
588
(1)
96
26
574
(1)
10
8
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
127
744
89
711
38
(1)
(²)
63
14,378
2,190
1,305
12
54
34
191
314
44
23
870
486
487
453
(1)
665
1
( )
579
522
(1)
(1)
22
6,991
1,900
1,134
11
32
28
184
293
43
14
( )
433
483
446
(1)
(1)
(1)
582
518
(1)
(1)
41
7,387
290
172
1
22
6
7
21
2
10
(1)
551
521
502
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
78.6
92.7
88.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
20
94
(1)
521
13
77
(1)
516
7
16
(1)
1
( )
(²)
(²)
98
2,798
487
757
72
511
480
602
26
2,287
( )
797
(²)
75.5
41
101
(1)
1,083
11
18
(1)
(1)
30
83
(1)
1,109
(²)
(²)
40
1
( )
1
(1)
39
(1)
(²)
96
291
18
436
147
5
5
653
7
8
86
775
23
21
716
1,000
–
682
1,154
(1)
(1)
947
(1)
(1)
869
519
(1)
(1)
23
11
1
116
22
1
2
75
0
4
30
156
8
10
(1)
1
( )
(1)
586
(1)
1
( )
(1)
938
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
474
1
( )
1
( )
73
281
17
320
125
5
3
578
7
5
56
619
15
12
788
998
(1)
722
1,192
1
( )
(1)
948
1
( )
1
( )
891
544
1
( )
1
( )
(²)
(²)
(²)
81.2
(²)
(²)
(²)
98.9
(²)
(²)
(²)
87.1
(²)
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
63
1
1
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other
protective service workers……………………………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations……………
Chefs and head cooks………………………………………
First-line supervisors of food preparation and
serving workers………………………………………………
Cooks……………………………………………………………
Food preparation workers……………………………………
Bartenders……………………………………………………
Combined food preparation and serving workers,
including fast food………………………………………..
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession,
and coffee shop………………………………………………
Waiters and waitresses………………………………………
Food servers, nonrestaurant………………………………..
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and
bartender helpers……………………………………………
Dishwashers……………………………………………………
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and
coffee shop…………………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related workers,
all other……………………………………………………….
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance
occupations……………………………………………………
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and
janitorial workers……………………………………………
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service,
and groundskeeping workers………………………………
Janitors and building cleaners……………………………….
Maids and housekeeping cleaners……………………………
Pest control workers……………………………………………
Grounds maintenance workers………………………………
Personal care and service occupations………………………
First-line supervisors of gaming workers……………………
First-line supervisors of personal
service workers………………………………………………
Animal trainers…………………………………………………
Nonfarm animal caretakers……………………………………
Gaming services workers…………………………………….
Motion picture projectionists…………………………………
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers…………………
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and
related workers………………………………………………
Embalmers and funeral attendants…………………………
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors………………
Barbers……………………………………………………….
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists………………
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers………………
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges…………………
Tour and travel guides…………………………………………
Childcare workers………………………………………………
Personal care aides……………………………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
(1)
$409
580
23
1,909
53
(1)
$390
502
21
2,021
245
(1)
$429
601
(²)
90.9
83.5
378
1,210
357
210
485
390
384
545
220
449
202
106
458
363
375
505
158
761
155
104
525
406
395
593
87.2
89.4
94.9
85.2
161
387
114
385
46
1
( )
(²)
58
872
84
323
407
419
32
559
52
(1)
389
393
26
313
31
( )
466
1
( )
(²)
83.5
(²)
119
118
383
332
42
28
1
( )
(1)
77
90
392
321
(²)
(²)
62
369
52
356
10
1
( )
(²)
4
( )
0
( )
4
( )
1
(²)
3,339
465
1,128
406
2,212
502
80.9
179
646
67
488
113
756
64.6
94
1,496
751
58
761
2,121
90
797
489
399
575
425
453
739
10
384
638
1
29
1,543
39
( )
418
392
(1)
(1)
422
(1)
85
1,111
114
57
732
578
51
808
514
473
572
424
562
876
(²)
81.3
82.9
(²)
(²)
75.1
(²)
67
16
82
82
3
9
613
(1)
419
636
1
( )
(1)
46
7
60
39
0
6
(1)
(1)
417
(1)
(1)
(1)
21
9
22
43
3
3
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
66
5
16
29
282
136
63
9
367
549
424
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
453
441
545
(1)
382
412
31
2
3
4
259
104
8
3
342
455
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
440
413
(1)
(1)
383
407
1
35
3
12
25
23
32
55
6
26
94
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
561
(1)
(1)
454
44
3,930
299
See footnotes at end of table.
64
1
1
1
1
1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
89.6
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Recreation and fitness workers………………………………
177
42
Residential advisors……………………………………………
Personal care and service workers, all other………………
34
Sales and office occupations……………………………………… 22,989
Sales and related occupations…………………………………
9,294
First-line supervisors of retail
2,223
sales workers…………………………………………………
First-line supervisors of non-retail
702
sales workers………………. ……………………………….
Cashiers………………………………………………………… 1,343
Counter and rental clerks…………………………………..
87
Parts salespersons………………………………………….
117
Retail salespersons…………………………………………… 1,789
202
Advertising sales agents………………………………………
Insurance sales agents………………………………………
384
Securities, commodities, and financial services
222
sales agents……………………………………………………
Travel agents………..........................………………………
49
397
Sales representatives, services, all other……………………
Sales representatives, wholesale and
manufacturing………………………………………………… 1,091
15
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters……………
380
Real estate brokers and sales agents………………………
30
Sales engineers…………………………………………………
Telemarketers………………………………………………..
69
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street
55
vendors, and related workers………………………………
140
Sales and related workers, all other…………………………
Office and administrative support occupations……………… 13,695
First-line supervisors of office and
administrative support workers……………………………… 1,274
Switchboard operators, including answering
service…………………………………………………………
29
Telephone operators……………………………………….
38
6
Communications equipment operators, all other……………
Bill and account collectors…………………………………..
178
Billing and posting clerks …………………………………
397
862
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks………………
2
Gaming cage workers…………………………………………
136
Payroll and timekeeping clerks………………………………
24
Procurement clerks……………………………………………
283
Tellers……………………………………………………………
64
Financial clerks, all other………………………………………
11
Brokerage clerks………………………………………………
Correspondence clerks………………………………………
10
74
Court, municipal, and license clerks…………………………
47
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks……………………
1,509
Customer service representatives…………………………..
79
Eligibility interviewers, government programs………………
248
File clerks………………………………………………………
86
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks…………………………
121
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan………………………
Library assistants, clerical……………………………………
49
110
Loan interviewers and clerks…………………………………
27
New accounts clerks……………………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
65
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
$506
(1)
1
( )
638
670
101
27
11
13,977
4,069
$494
(1)
1
( )
602
549
76
15
23
9,012
5,225
$575
(1)
1
( )
738
804
85.9
(²)
(²)
81.6
68.3
676
959
599
1,263
759
78.9
951
383
603
610
545
893
807
214
962
38
16
733
112
201
781
373
(1)
1
( )
466
772
665
488
381
50
100
1,056
90
183
1,016
411
620
587
620
961
1,033
76.9
90.8
(²)
(²)
75.2
80.3
64.4
1,144
(1)
887
73
38
119
884
(1)
757
149
11
278
1,269
(1)
953
69.7
(²)
79.4
991
(1)
812
(1)
412
262
11
204
3
40
927
1
( )
676
(1)
1
( )
829
4
176
27
29
1,019
1
( )
992
(1)
(1)
91.0
(²)
68.1
(²)
(²)
526
781
623
20
64
9,908
(1)
618
615
35
76
3,787
(1)
985
668
(²)
62.7
92.1
764
856
741
418
833
89.0
(1)
1
( )
(1)
608
607
655
(1)
710
(1)
492
793
(1)
1
( )
763
(1)
588
632
616
423
546
1
( )
706
(1)
25
30
3
130
359
750
1
125
16
241
48
4
8
60
34
972
70
217
53
99
38
93
19
(1)
(1)
(1)
597
605
656
(1)
704
(1)
500
(1)
(1)
(1)
738
(1)
569
632
620
416
551
1
( )
696
1
( )
4
7
4
48
38
112
1
11
9
41
16
7
2
14
13
538
9
32
33
21
12
17
8
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
654
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
628
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
100.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
90.6
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Order clerks………………………………………………….
Human resources assistants, except payroll and
timekeeping……………………………………………………
Receptionists and information clerks…………………………
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and
travel clerks……………………………………………………
Information and record clerks, all other………………………
Cargo and freight agents………………………………………
Couriers and messengers……………………………………
Dispatchers……………………………………………………
Meter readers, utilities…………………………………………
Postal service clerks……………………………………………
Postal service mail carriers…………………………………..
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and
processing machine operators………………………………
Production, planning, and expediting clerks…………………
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks………………………
Stock clerks and order fillers…………………………………
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers,
recordkeeping……………………………………………….
Secretaries and administrative assistants……………………
Computer operators……………………………………………
Data entry keyers………………………………………………
Word processors and typists…………………………………
Desktop publishers…………………………………………..
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks……………
Mail clerks and mail machine operators,
except postal service……………………………………….
Office clerks, general………………………………………..
Office machine operators, except computer…………………
Proofreaders and copy markers………………………………
Statistical assistants……………………………………………
Office and administrative support workers, all
other……………………………………………………………
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations……………………………………………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations……………………
First-line supervisors of farming,
fishing, and forestry workers…………………………………
Agricultural inspectors…………………………………………
Animal breeders………………………………………………
Graders and sorters, agricultural products…………………
Miscellaneous agricultural workers…………………………
Fishers and related fishing workers…………………………
Hunters and trappers…………………………………………
Forest and conservation workers……………………………
Logging workers……………………………………………..
Construction and extraction occupations………………………
First-line supervisors of construction trades
and extraction workers………………………………………
Boilermakers……………………………………………………
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons……………
Carpenters………………………………………………………
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
35
(1)
( )
520
5
78
( )
$521
47
86
2
19
126
3
63
98
(1)
737
(1)
1
( )
626
(1)
892
892
33
18
4
145
81
18
66
205
918
812
562
492
24
116
141
337
(1)
722
543
501
60
2,143
116
280
109
1
236
596
654
724
595
599
—
660
28
2,059
56
231
99
0
197
(1)
651
651
597
594
—
647
79
794
31
7
12
521
604
(1)
(1)
(1)
41
673
20
6
8
387
679
9,965
775
96
$586
60
$577
45
868
(1)
520
40
790
80
105
6
164
207
21
129
303
649
744
(1)
744
651
(1)
978
979
57
226
481
992
(²)
1
(²)
99.8
( )
(1)
(1)
785
728
(1)
1,014
1,017
1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
86.0
(²)
88.0
87.7
33
110
340
655
(1)
916
571
488
(²)
78.8
95.1
102.7
32
84
59
49
10
1
39
(1)
757
853
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(²)
86.0
76.3
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
( )
594
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
1
38
121
11
1
4
(1)
712
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
(²)
83.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
286
645
101
792
81.4
732
430
391
150
515
371
9,574
625
740
445
69.6
83.4
38
23
3
85
565
13
1
8
39
5,031
(1)
(1)
1
( )
379
419
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
717
3
12
1
53
77
0
0
4
0
95
(1)
(1)
(1)
363
370
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
612
35
11
2
32
488
13
1
4
39
4,937
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
427
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
718
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
86.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
85.2
482
18
96
737
110
992
(1)
710
630
579
15
0
1
10
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
467
18
95
727
109
1,001
(1)
706
630
581
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
See footnotes at end of table.
66
1
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and
59
terrazzo workers………………………………………………
Construction laborers……………………………………….
862
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment
19
operators………………………………………………………
Pile-driver operators………………………………………….
1
Operating engineers and other construction
equipment operators………………………………………..
345
101
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers…………
542
Electricians………………………………………………………
40
Glaziers…………………………………………………………
41
Insulation workers………………………………………………
266
Painters, construction and maintenance……………………
Paperhangers…………………………………………………
2
417
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters…………
Plasterers and stucco masons………………………………
13
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers…………………………
5
143
Roofers…………………………………………………………
Sheet metal workers………………………………………….
107
Structural iron and steel workers……………………………
66
2
Solar photovoltaic installers………………………………….
Helpers, construction trades…………………………………
50
54
Construction and building inspectors…………………………
30
Elevator installers and repairers………………………………
32
Fence erectors…………………………………………………
25
Hazardous materials removal workers………………………
96
Highway maintenance workers………………………………
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment
8
operators…………………………..........................…………
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners……………
9
28
Miscellaneous construction and related workers……………
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators,
oil, gas, and mining…………………………………………
42
17
Earth drillers, except oil and gas………………………………
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts,
and blasters………………………………………………….
10
70
Mining machine operators…..........................………………
Roof bolters, mining…………………………………………
12
Roustabouts, oil and gas…………………………………….
18
8
Helpers—extraction workers…………………………………
49
Other extraction workers……………………………………..
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations…………… 4,159
First-line supervisors of mechanics,
installers, and repairers…………………………………….
327
Computer, automated teller, and office machine
237
repairers………………………………………………………
Radio and telecommunications equipment
139
installers and repairers………………………………………
16
Avionics technicians……………………………………………
26
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers……………
Electrical and electronics installers and
7
repairers, transportation equipment…………………………
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial
and utility……………………………………………………..
15
Electronic equipment installers and repairers,
See footnotes at end of table.
67
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
$651
586
0
15
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
0
0
809
507
857
(1)
(1)
544
1
( )
851
1
( )
1
( )
523
805
870
(1)
469
906
(1)
(1)
(1)
708
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
59
846
$651
587
( )
1
( )
18
1
( )
1
( )
1
(²)
(²)
2
1
3
0
2
17
0
11
0
0
3
3
0
0
3
2
0
0
1
2
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
343
100
539
40
39
249
2
406
13
5
141
104
66
2
47
52
30
32
24
94
809
509
855
(1)
1
( )
555
(1)
853
(1)
(1)
520
805
870
(1)
1
( )
919
(1)
(1)
(1)
711
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
0
0
0
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
8
9
28
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
0
0
(1)
(1)
42
17
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
( )
1,022
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
(1)
806
0
1
0
1
0
0
146
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
$751
10
69
12
17
8
49
4,013
(1)
1,010
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
807
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
93.1
947
21
(1)
306
936
(²)
811
22
(1)
215
812
(²)
898
(1)
(1)
12
2
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
127
15
25
883
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
0
(1)
7
(1)
(²)
1
1
( )
14
( )
1
(²)
1
( )
1
1
(²)
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
motor vehicles………………..........................………………
14
Electronic home entertainment equipment
32
installers and repairers………………………………………
44
Security and fire alarm systems installers……………………
143
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians…………………
107
Automotive body and related repairers………………………
11
Automotive glass installers and repairers……………………
653
Automotive service technicians and mechanics……………
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine
specialists……………………………………………………
286
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service
182
technicians and mechanics…………………………………
32
Small engine mechanics………………………………………
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment
mechanics, installers, and repairers………………………
73
25
Control and valve installers and repairers……………………
Heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration
281
mechanics and installers……………………………………
Home appliance repairers……………………………………
27
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics……………
425
359
Maintenance and repair workers, general……………………
Maintenance workers, machinery………………………….
34
57
Millwrights………………………………………………………
Electrical power-line installers and repairers………………
111
Telecommunications line installers and repairers…………
192
62
Precision instrument and equipment repairers………………
Wind turbine service technicians……………………………
2
Coin, vending, and amusement machine
servicers and repairers………………………………………
29
Commercial divers……………………………………………
1
Locksmiths and safe repairers………………………………
17
7
Manufactured building and mobile home installers…………
Riggers…………………………………………………………
15
Signal and track switch repairers……………………………
5
Helpers—installation, maintenance, and repair
18
workers…………………………………………………………
Other installation, maintenance, and repair
workers…………………………………………………………
149
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations…………………………………………………… 13,333
Production occupations…………………………………………
7,058
First-line supervisors/managers of production
and operating workers………………………………………
654
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems
assemblers……………………………………………………
19
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical
148
assemblers……………………………………………………
Engine and other machine assemblers…..........................
30
33
Structural metal fabricators and fitters………………………
758
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators…………………
Bakers………………………………………………………….
125
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish
processing workers……………………………………………
281
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying
machine operators and tenders……………………………
7
See footnotes at end of table.
68
Men
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
(1)
0
(1)
(1)
(1)
$988
624
(1)
714
2
0
4
1
0
8
801
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
14
(1)
(²)
( )
1
( )
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
30
44
139
107
10
645
( )
1
( )
$990
625
1
( )
718
1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
1
1
( )
286
802
(²)
822
(1)
3
1
(1)
1
( )
179
31
822
1
( )
(²)
(²)
463
(1)
2
1
1
( )
(1)
71
24
463
(1)
(²)
(²)
793
1
( )
868
758
1
( )
892
1,116
915
898
1
( )
1
4
10
11
3
1
0
7
10
0
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
(1)
279
23
415
347
31
56
111
185
52
2
795
(1)
870
756
1
( )
897
1,116
926
914
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
1
0
1
0
3
0
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
27
1
17
7
12
5
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1
(1)
17
(1)
(²)
671
12
(1)
137
718
(²)
609
605
2,603
1,817
$485
483
10,730
5,241
651
667
74.5
72.4
888
124
665
530
929
71.6
(1)
7
(1)
13
(1)
(²)
521
(1)
(1)
519
448
73
4
1
285
63
449
(1)
(1)
479
416
75
25
31
473
63
591
(1)
(1)
566
471
76.0
(²)
(²)
84.6
88.3
504
66
479
215
515
93.0
(1)
3
(1)
5
(1)
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Women
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Food batchmakers……………………………………………
Food cooking machine operators and tenders………………
Food processing workers, all other…………………………
Computer control programmers and operators……………
Extruding and drawing machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic…………………………………………….
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders,
metal and plastic………………………………………………
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………
Drilling and boring machine tool setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine
tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………………
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic……………………………
Milling and planing machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic………………………………
Machinists………………………………………………………
Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders………………
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and
plastic…………………………………………………………
Molders and molding machine setters,
operators, and tenders, metal and plastic…………………
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………………
Tool and die makers……………………………………………
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers……………………
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic……………………………………
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic……………………………
Plating and coating machine setters, operators,
and tenders, metal and plastic…………………………….
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners…………………………
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other…………………
Prepress technicians and workers……………………………
Printing press operators………………………………………
Print binding and finishing workers……………………………
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers………………………….
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials……………
Sewing machine operators……………………………………
Shoe and leather workers and repairers……………………
Shoe machine operators and tenders………………………
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers…………………………
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators
and tenders……………………………………………………
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and
tenders………………………………………………………
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters,
operators, and tenders………………………………………
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out
machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
63
17
104
70
$554
(1)
534
770
28
5
25
5
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
11
(1)
2
5
(1)
1
9
(1)
92
591
5
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
( )
1
(²)
( )
1
(²)
7
(1)
(²)
78
608
(²)
( )
4
( )
1
(²)
3
(1)
57
641
(²)
1
( )
0
(1)
15
(1)
(²)
3
393
19
(1)
755
(1)
0
16
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
3
377
18
(1)
767
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
4
1
( )
1
(1)
3
(1)
(²)
47
(1)
12
(1)
35
(1)
(²)
3
61
461
(1)
920
679
0
2
36
(1)
(1)
(1)
3
59
426
(1)
930
695
(²)
(²)
(²)
5
8
(1)
(1)
1
1
( )
(1)
4
7
( )
(1)
1
(²)
(²)
15
6
356
30
186
13
115
37
112
8
2
46
1
( )
(1)
561
(1)
613
(1)
412
(1)
403
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
2
0
81
16
31
6
64
24
84
1
1
33
(1)
(1)
$517
(1)
(1)
(1)
386
(1)
398
1
( )
(1)
(1)
13
6
275
14
155
7
52
13
28
7
1
13
(1)
(1)
583
(1)
646
(1)
447
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
88.7
(²)
(²)
(²)
86.4
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
4
(1)
0
(1)
4
(1)
(²)
6
(1)
2
( )
1
4
( )
1
(²)
8
(1)
6
( )
1
2
19
(1)
11
( )
1
8
35
12
78
65
( )
(1)
$544
781
( )
1
9
( )
1
4
2
(1)
15
(1)
( )
1
1
60
643
15
See footnotes at end of table.
69
1
1
(²)
1
( )
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Extruding and forming machine setters,
2
operators and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers…………
5
Fabric and apparel patternmakers……………………………
34
Upholsterers……………………………………………………
15
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other…………
42
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters………………………
11
Furniture finishers………………………………………………
1
Model makers and patternmakers, wood……………………
Sawing machine setters, operators, and
31
tenders, wood…………………………………………………
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and
17
tenders, except sawing………………..........................……
Woodworkers, all other……………..........................………
10
Power plant operators, distributors, and
dispatchers………………………………………………….
53
Stationary engineers and boiler operators…………………
93
Water and wastewater treatment plant and
75
system operators………………………………………………
37
Miscellaneous plant and system operators…………………
Chemical processing machine setters,
66
operators, and tenders………………………………………
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and
94
blending workers………………………………………………
69
Cutting workers………………………………………………..
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting
31
machine setters, operators, and tenders……………………
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators
and tenders…………………………………………………
11
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and
weighers………………………………………………………
608
14
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers……………
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory
68
technicians……………………………………………………
Packaging and filling machine operators and
259
tenders…………………………………………………………
Painting workers………………………………………………
111
Photographic process workers and processing
24
machine operators……………………………………………
4
Semiconductor processors……………………………………
10
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders…………
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling
equipment operators and tenders…………………………
13
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and
tenders………………………………………………………
3
7
Etchers and engravers…………………………………………
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal
and plastic……………………………………………………
21
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and
tenders………………………………………………………
31
17
Tire builders……………………………………………………
45
Helpers—production workers…………………………………
Production workers, all other……………………………….
652
Transportation and material moving occupations……………
6,275
Supervisors, transportation and material moving
208
workers…………………………………………………………
See footnotes at end of table.
70
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
0
2
4
5
1
2
0
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
2
2
30
9
41
9
1
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(1)
1
(1)
30
(1)
(²)
(1)
1
( )
2
2
( )
1
( )
1
15
8
( )
1
( )
1
(²)
(²)
$1,091
855
1
1
1
( )
1
( )
52
92
$1,085
851
(²)
(²)
780
(1)
5
3
(1)
(1)
70
34
788
(1)
(²)
(²)
853
14
(1)
52
947
(²)
659
518
12
13
(1)
(1)
82
55
702
540
(²)
(²)
(1)
3
(1)
28
(1)
(²)
(1)
0
(1)
11
(1)
(²)
675
(1)
212
7
$541
1
( )
396
7
792
1
( )
68.3
(²)
612
34
(1)
34
(1)
(²)
455
602
139
12
421
(1)
120
99
505
608
83.4
(²)
(1)
(1)
(1)
13
1
6
(1)
(1)
(1)
10
3
4
(1)
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(²)
( )
1
3
( )
1
9
( )
1
(²)
1
( )
(1)
0
2
(1)
(1)
3
4
(1)
(1)
(²)
(²)
(1)
6
(1)
15
(1)
(²)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
579
614
8
1
6
151
786
(1)
(1)
(1)
483
490
23
16
40
502
5,489
(1)
(1)
(1)
612
634
(²)
(²)
(²)
78.9
77.3
761
38
(1)
170
773
(²)
Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by detailed occupation and sex,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
Both sexes
Occupation
Number of
Workers (in
thousands)
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers………………………….
93
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations
40
specialists…………………………………………………….
52
Flight attendants………………………………………………
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except
emergency medical technicians…………………………..
9
310
Bus drivers………………………………………………………
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers……………………… 2,439
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs………………………………….
207
28
Motor vehicle operators, all other……………………………
43
Locomotive engineers and operators…………………………
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators………………
6
48
Railroad conductors and yardmasters………………………
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation
workers…………………………………………………………
14
23
Sailors and marine oilers………………………………………
35
Ship and boat captains and operators………………………
6
Ship engineers…………………………………………………
Bridge and lock tenders……………………………………..
7
46
Parking lot attendants…………………………………………
42
Automotive and watercraft service station attendants………
Transportation inspectors……………………………………
32
13
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants…………
15
Other transportation workers…………………………………
Conveyor operators and tenders……………………………
5
63
Crane and tower operators……………………………………
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine
operators……………………………………………………..
37
5
Hoist and winch operators……………………………………
491
Industrial truck and tractor operators…………………………
230
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment…………………………
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers,
hand………………………………………………………….
1,260
Machine feeders and offbearers…………………………..
32
300
Packers and packagers, hand…………………………………
Pumping station operators……………………………………
26
58
Refuse and recyclable material collectors……………………
1
Mine shuttle car operators……………………………………
3
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders……………………………
45
Material moving workers, all other……………………………
Women
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Men
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
$1,461
4
(1)
89
$1,466
(1)
791
5
38
( )
(1)
1
35
14
( )
1
( )
( )
608
705
553
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
0
122
102
29
1
2
0
3
( )
$579
511
(1)
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
1
9
188
2,337
178
26
42
6
45
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
739
2
0
0
0
0
5
2
5
8
1
3
1
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
562
465
0
2
35
25
509
1
( )
397
(1)
541
(1)
(1)
(1)
175
5
165
0
3
1
0
3
1
(²)
(²)
( )
645
712
576
1
( )
1
( )
1
( )
(1)
1
(²)
89.8
71.8
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
12
23
35
6
7
40
40
28
5
14
2
62
(1)
(1)
(1)
1
( )
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
736
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
( )
1
( )
(1)
(1)
37
3
456
206
( )
1
( )
556
458
1
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
416
(1)
397
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
(1)
1,085
27
135
26
56
0
2
42
520
(1)
396
(1)
580
(1)
(1)
(1)
80.0
(²)
100.3
1
Data not shown where the employment base is less than 50,000.
² Data not shown where the employment base for either the numerator or denominator is less than 50,000.
NOTE: Effective with the January 2011 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2010 Census occupational
classification system into the Current Population Survey. This classification system is derived from the 2010 Standard Occupational
Classifcation (SOC). Data for 2011 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. Dash indicates data not available.
71
(²)
1
1
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Women's
earnings
as percent
of men's
(²)
(²)
(²)
(²)
Table 19. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by industry and sex,
2011 annual averages
Total, both sexes
Industry
1 Data
Men
Women's
earnings
as
Median
percent
of
weekly
men's
earnings
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
Median
weekly
earnings
Total
employed
$756
44,486
$684
55,971
$832
82.2
1,020
751
5,957
12,901
8,173
4,728
13,009
3,128
9,881
5,858
4,666
1,192
2,551
7,448
5,747
1,702
10,764
6,637
491
1,067
753
789
820
738
613
758
578
842
805
1,004
930
867
908
737
883
1,150
187
84
524
3,490
1,930
1,560
5,127
851
4,276
1,249
988
261
975
4,120
3,353
767
4,255
2,730
428
842
732
655
689
615
539
698
512
728
697
832
797
744
755
686
760
913
832
667
5,433
9,410
6,243
3,168
7,882
2,277
5,605
4,609
3,678
931
1,576
3,329
2,394
935
6,509
3,907
502
1,087
757
848
874
803
679
792
630
882
841
1,077
1,015
1,100
1,218
793
991
1,363
85.3
77.5
96.7
77.2
78.8
76.6
79.4
88.1
81.3
82.5
82.9
77.3
78.5
67.6
62.0
86.5
76.7
67.0
4 127
4,127
23,383
9,814
13,570
6,693
1,542
5,151
3,793
3,473
321
6,329
575
786
888
711
484
616
447
626
654
407
924
1 525
1,525
17,140
6,641
10,499
3,035
619
2,416
1,592
1,319
273
2,708
542
745
849
676
442
550
414
536
580
405
793
2 602
2,602
6,243
3,173
3,070
3,658
923
2,735
2,201
2,154
48
3,621
590
939
987
884
519
675
483
716
723
(1)
1,016
91 9
91.9
79.3
86.0
76.5
85.2
81.5
85.7
74.9
80.2
(1)
78.1
Total
employed
Total, 16 years and over…………….………… 100,457
Agriculture and related industries ......................
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction ....
Construction ......................................................
Manufacturing ....................................................
Durable goods ................................................
Nondurable goods ..........................................
Wholesale and retail trade ................................
Wholesale trade .............................................
Retail trade .....................................................
Transportation and utilities ................................
Transportation and warehousing ....................
Utilities ...........................................................
Information ........................................................
Financial activities .............................................
Finance and insurance ...................................
Real estate and rental and leasing ................
Professional and business services ..................
Professional and technical services ...............
Management, administrative, and waste
services
services........................................................
Education and health services ..........................
Educational services ......................................
Health care and social assistance .................
Leisure and hospitality .......................................
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................
Accomodation and food services ...................
Other services ...................................................
Other services, except private households ....
Private households ........................................
Public administration..........................................
Women
not shown where the employment base is less than 50,000.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
72
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Year
Total employed
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
1970…………...…
1971………...……
1972 3………...…
1973 3………...…
1974……...………
1975…………...…
1976………...……
1977………...……
1978 3…………...
1979………..……
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
66,753
66,973
69,214
71,803
73,093
71,586
73,964
76,625
80,193
82,654
11,925
12,393
12,939
13,262
13,701
14,260
14,788
15,391
15,855
16,171
84.8
84.4
84.3
84.4
84.2
83.4
83.3
83.3
83.5
83.6
15.2
15.6
15.7
15.6
15.8
16.6
16.7
16.7
16.5
16.4
1980……..………
1981……..………
1982………..……
1983…..…………
1984…..…………
1985……...………
1986 3….…..……
1987……...….……
1988……...………
1989……...………
99,303
100,397
99,526
100,834
105,005
107,150
109,597
112,440
114,968
117,342
82,562
83,243
81,421
82,322
86,544
88,534
90,529
92,957
95,214
97,369
16,740
17,154
18,106
18,511
18,462
18,615
19,069
19,483
19,754
19,973
83.1
82.9
81.8
81.6
82.4
82.6
82.6
82.7
82.8
83.0
16.9
17.1
18.2
18.4
17.6
17.4
17.4
17.3
17.2
17.0
1990 3……...……
1991……...………
1992………...……
1993……….……
1994 3………...…
1995………...……
1996….…………
1997 3………..…
1998 3……...……
1999 3……………
118,793
118
793
117,718
118,492
120,259
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
98 666
98,666
97,190
97,664
99,114
99,772
101,679
103,537
106,334
108,202
110,302
20 128
20,128
20,528
20,828
21,145
23,288
23,220
23,170
23,224
23,261
23,186
83 1
83.1
82.6
82.4
82.4
81.1
81.4
81.7
82.1
82.3
82.6
16 9
16.9
17.4
17.6
17.6
18.9
18.6
18.3
17.9
17.7
17.4
2000 3………...…
2001…………..…
2002………………
2003 3…………..
2004 ……………
2005 ……………
2006 ……………
2007 ……………
2008 3…………..
2009 …………..…
136,891
136,933
136,485
137,736
139,252
141,730
144,427
146,047
145,362
139,877
113,846
113,573
112,700
113,324
114,518
117,016
119,688
121,091
120,030
112,634
23,044
23,361
23,785
24,412
24,734
24,714
24,739
24,956
25,332
27,244
83.2
82.9
82.6
82.3
82.2
82.6
82.9
82.9
82.6
80.5
16.8
17.1
17.4
17.7
17.8
17.4
17.1
17.1
17.4
19.5
2010 …………..…
2011 …………..…
139,064
139,869
111,714
112,556
27,350
27,313
80.3
80.5
19.7
19.5
See footnotes at end of table.
73
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2011 annual
averages―Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Women
Year
Total employed
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
1970…………...…
1971………...……
1972 3………...…
1973 3………...…
1974……...………
1975…………...…
1976………...……
1977………...……
1978 3…………...
1979………..……
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
21,929
21,950
22,842
23,960
24,714
24,598
25,814
27,076
28,912
30,227
7,758
8,026
8,416
8,756
9,055
9,391
9,799
10,213
10,658
10,990
73.9
73.2
73.1
73.2
73.2
72.4
72.5
72.6
73.1
73.3
26.1
26.8
26.9
26.8
26.8
27.6
27.5
27.4
26.9
26.7
1980……..………
1981……..………
1982………..……
1983…..…………
1984…..…………
1985……...………
1986 3….…..……
1987……...….……
1988……...………
1989……...………
42,117
43,000
43,256
44,047
45,915
47,259
48,706
50,334
51,696
53,027
30,845
31,337
31,086
31,679
33,473
34,672
35,845
37,210
38,398
39,484
11,270
11,664
12,170
12,367
12,441
12,587
12,862
13,124
13,298
13,544
73.2
72.9
71.9
71.9
72.9
73.4
73.6
73.9
74.3
74.5
26.8
27.1
28.1
28.1
27.1
26.6
26.4
26.1
25.7
25.5
1990 3……...……
1991……...………
1992………...……
1993……….……
1994 3………...…
1995………...……
1996….…………
1997 3………..…
1998 3……...……
1999 3……………
53,689
53,496
54,052
54,910
56,610
57,523
58,501
59,873
60,771
62,042
40,165
39,783
40,301
40,991
40,940
41,743
42,776
44,076
45,014
46,372
13,524
13,713
13,751
13,919
15,670
15,779
15,725
15,797
15,757
15,670
74.8
74.4
74.6
74.7
72.3
72.6
73.1
73.6
74.1
74.7
25.2
25.6
25.4
25.3
27.7
27.4
26.9
26.4
25.9
25.3
2000 3………...…
2001…………..…
2002………………
2003 3…………..
2004 ……………
2005 ……………
2006 ……………
2007 ……………
2008 3…………..
2009 …………..…
63,586
63,737
63,582
64,404
64,728
65,757
66,925
67,792
67,876
66,208
47,916
47,950
47,494
47,946
48,073
49,158
50,380
51,056
51,178
48,683
15,670
15,788
16,088
16,459
16,654
16,598
16,545
16,736
16,698
17,525
75.4
75.2
74.7
74.4
74.3
74.8
75.3
75.3
75.4
73.5
24.6
24.8
25.3
25.6
25.7
25.2
24.7
24.7
24.6
26.5
2010 …………..…
2011 …………..…
65,705
65,579
48,214
48,224
17,491
17,355
73.4
73.5
26.6
26.5
See footnotes at end of table.
74
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2011 annual
averages―Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Year
Total employed
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
1970…………...…
1971………...……
1972 3………...…
1973 3………...…
1974……...………
1975…………...…
1976………...……
1977………...……
1978 3…………...
1979………..……
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
44,825
45,023
46,373
47,843
48,378
46,988
48,150
49,551
51,281
52,427
4,166
4,367
4,523
4,507
4,646
4,870
4,988
5,178
5,198
5,180
91.5
91.2
91.1
91.4
91.2
90.6
90.6
90.5
90.8
91.0
8.5
8.8
8.9
8.6
8.8
9.4
9.4
9.5
9.2
9.0
1980……..………
1981……..………
1982………..……
1983…..…………
1984…..…………
1985……...………
1986 3….…..……
1987……...….……
1988……...………
1989……...………
57,186
57,397
56,271
56,787
59,091
59,891
60,892
62,107
63,273
64,315
51,717
51,906
50,334
50,643
53,070
53,862
54,685
55,746
56,816
57,885
5,471
5,492
5,937
6,145
6,020
6,028
6,207
6,360
6,457
6,430
90.4
90.4
89.4
89.2
89.8
89.9
89.8
89.8
89.8
90.0
9.6
9.6
10.6
10.8
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.0
1990 3……...……
1991……...………
1992………...……
1993……….……
1994 3………...…
1995………...……
1996….…………
1997 3………..…
1998 3……...……
1999 3……………
65,104
64,223
64,440
65,349
66,450
67,377
68,207
69,685
70,693
71,446
58,501
57,407
57,363
58,123
58,832
59,936
60,762
62,258
63,189
63,930
6,604
6,815
7,077
7,226
7,617
7,441
7,445
7,427
7,504
7,516
89.9
89.4
89.0
88.9
88.5
89.0
89.1
89.3
89.4
89.5
10.1
10.6
11.0
11.1
11.5
11.0
10.9
10.7
10.6
10.5
See footnotes at end of table.
75
Table 20. Employed persons by full- and part-time status and sex, 1970–2011 annual
averages―Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Year
Total employed
Usually full time 1 Usually part time 2
Percent usually
full time
Percent usually
part time
2000 3………...…
2001…………..…
2002………………
2003 3…………..
2004 ……………
2005 ……………
2006 ……………
2007 ……………
2008 3…………..
2009 …………..…
73,305
73,196
72,903
73,332
74,524
75,973
77,502
78,254
77,486
73,670
65,930
65,623
65,205
65,379
66,444
67,858
69,307
70,035
68,853
63,951
7,375
7,573
7,697
7,953
8,080
8,115
8,194
8,220
8,634
9,719
89.9
89.7
89.4
89.2
89.2
89.3
89.4
89.5
88.9
86.8
10.1
10.3
10.6
10.8
10.8
10.7
10.6
10.5
11.1
13.2
2010 …………..…
2011 …………..…
73,359
74,290
63,501
64,333
9,858
9,957
86.6
86.6
13.4
13.4
1 Prior to 1994, total includes persons who usually work part time but who worked 35 or more hours during the
reference week; for 1994 and later years, such persons were included in the part-time total. In all years, the total
includes those who usually work full time but who worked less than 35 hours during the reference week for
noneconomic reasons, such as illness or holiday, and those absent from work for the entire reference week who
usually work full time. These groups are not shown separately.
2 For all years, total includes those who usually work less than 35 hours a week but who were absent from work for
the entire reference week and for 1994 and later years, those who worked 35 or more hours during the reference
week. These groups are not shown separately.
3 The comparability of historical labor force data has been affected at various times by methodological and
conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS). For an explanation, see the historical comparability
documentation provided at http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
76
Table 21. Average weekly hours at work in all industries and in
nonagricultural industries by sex, 1976–2011 annual averages
All industries
Nonagricultural industries
Year
Total
Women
Men
Total
Women
Men
1976…….
1977…….
1978 1……
1979…...…
38.7
38.8
39.0
38.9
34.1
34.2
34.5
34.5
41.7
41.9
42.1
42.0
38.4
38.5
38.7
38.6
34.1
34.2
34.4
34.4
41.4
41.6
41.8
41.7
1980…….
1981…….
1982…...…
1983…….
1984………
1985…...…
1986 1……
1987…….
1988…….
1989…...…
38.5
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.8
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.4
39.6
34.5
34.1
34.1
34.5
34.9
35.2
35.4
35.3
35.7
35.8
41.5
41.1
40.9
41.2
41.8
42.0
42.1
42.0
42.4
42.6
38.3
37.9
37.7
38.1
38.6
38.9
38.9
38.8
39.3
39.4
34.4
34.1
34.0
34.4
34.9
35.2
35.3
35.3
35.7
35.8
41.2
40.7
40.6
41.0
41.5
41.8
41.9
41.8
42.2
42.4
1990 1……
1991…...…
1992…….
1993………
1994 1……
1995…….
1996………
1997 1……
1998 1……
1999 1……
39.4
39.2
38.9
39.4
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.5
39.3
39.6
35.8
35.8
35.6
36.0
35.5
35.6
35.7
36.0
35.8
36.2
42.3
42.0
41.7
42.2
42.2
42.3
42.3
42.4
42.2
42.4
39.3
39.1
38.8
39.3
39.1
39.2
39.2
39.4
39.2
39.5
35.8
35.8
35.6
36.0
35.6
35.7
35.7
36.0
35.9
36.2
42.1
41.9
41.6
42.1
42.1
42.2
42.2
42.3
42.2
42.4
2000 1……
2001…...…
2002…….
2003 1……
2004…….
2005…….
2006………
2007………
2008 1……
2009 ……
39.7
39.2
39.2
39.0
39.0
39.2
39.2
39.2
38.9
37.9
36.4
36.1
36.0
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.2
36.1
36.1
35.3
42.5
41.9
41.8
41.7
41.7
41.8
41.8
41.7
41.3
40.2
39.6
39.2
39.1
39.0
39.0
39.1
39.2
39.1
38.8
37.8
36.4
36.1
36.1
35.9
35.9
36.1
36.2
36.1
36.1
35.3
42.4
41.8
41.7
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.7
41.6
41.2
40.1
2010 ……
2011 ……
38.2
38.3
35.5
35.6
40.5
40.6
38.1
38.2
35.6
35.6
40.4
40.6
1 The comparability of historical data has been affected at various times by
methodological and conceptual changes in the Current Population Survey (CPS).
For an explanation, see the historical comparability documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
77
Table 22. Work experience of the population by sex and full- and part-time status, selected years, 1970–2010
(Percent distribution)
With work experience
Year
Population
(in
thousands)
Percent distribution by work experience
Usually work full time
Total
Percent of
(in
population
thousands)
Total
Total
50 to 52
weeks
Usually work part time
1 to 49
weeks
Total
50 to 52
weeks
1 to 49
weeks
Total, both sexes
1970………….………
1975………….………
1980…….……………
1985………….………
1990 ………...………
1995………….………
2000 ………...………
2005……………………
2006……………………
2007……………………
2008……………………
2009……………………
2010……………………
138,953
153,180
169,452
179,944
189,238
199,925
214,292
227,975
231,033
232,995
235,086
237,158
238,999
93,850
102,603
115,752
123,466
132,562
138,971
150,787
154,322
156,658
157,653
157,472
153,929
152,320
67.5
67.0
68.3
68.6
70.1
69.5
70.4
67.7
67.8
67.7
67.0
64.9
63.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.4
78.9
78.5
78.2
78.8
78.6
80.4
80.3
80.9
80.9
79.5
78.3
78.2
55.6
54.3
56.1
58.7
60.4
62.9
66.7
67.5
68.4
68.4
65.6
64.0
64.7
23.8
24.6
22.4
19.5
18.4
15.7
13.7
12.8
12.5
12.5
13.9
14.3
13.6
20.6
21.2
21.4
21.9
21.3
21.3
19.5
19.7
19.1
19.1
20.5
21.7
21.8
6.7
7.5
7.7
8.3
8.7
9.1
9.3
10.0
9.7
9.8
10.5
11.3
11.2
13.9
13.7
13.7
13.6
12.6
12.2
10.2
9.7
9.4
9.3
10.0
10.4
10.5
73,657
80,834
89,259
94,490
98,970
104,058
111,440
117,814
119,300
120,300
121,328
122,339
123,012
38,809
43,511
51,492
56,165
61,494
65,304
71,341
72,309
73,527
74,115
74,363
72,855
71,980
52.7
53.8
57.7
59.4
62.1
62.8
64.0
61.4
61.6
61.6
61.3
59.6
58.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.9
67.1
67.7
68.1
69.8
70.2
72.9
72.7
73.0
73.6
72.2
71.5
71.5
40.7
41.4
44.7
48.9
51.5
54.3
58.4
59.9
60.7
61.5
59.3
59.3
59.4
27.2
25.7
23.0
19.2
18.3
15.9
14.5
12.8
12.3
12.1
12.9
12.2
12.1
32.2
32.8
32.3
31.8
30.2
29.7
27.1
27.3
27.0
26.4
27.8
28.5
28.5
10.1
11.7
11.9
12.3
12.8
13.3
13.4
14.1
14.1
14.2
15.0
15.8
15.6
22.1
21.1
20.4
19.5
17.4
16.4
13.7
13.2
12.9
12.2
12.8
12.7
12.9
65,296
72,346
80,193
85,454
90,269
95,867
102,853
110,161
111,733
112,695
113,758
114,820
115,986
55,041
59,091
64,260
67,301
71,068
73,667
79,446
82,013
83,131
83,538
83,109
81,073
80,341
84.3
81.7
80.1
78.8
78.7
76.8
77.2
74.4
74.4
74.1
73.1
70.6
69.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.6
87.5
87.2
86.5
86.4
86.2
87.5
87.0
87.8
87.4
86.0
84.4
84.3
66.1
63.8
65.2
66.8
68.0
70.6
74.2
74.2
75.2
74.6
71.2
68.3
69.4
21.5
23.7
22.0
19.7
18.4
15.6
13.3
12.8
12.6
12.8
14.8
16.1
14.9
12.4
12.5
12.8
13.5
13.5
13.9
12.6
13.0
12.2
12.6
14.0
15.6
15.7
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.8
5.1
5.5
5.5
6.3
5.7
5.9
6.5
7.3
7.3
8.0
8.1
8.4
8.7
8.4
8.4
7.1
6.7
6.5
6.7
7.5
8.3
8.4
Women
1970………….………
1975…….……………
1980……….…………
1985…….……………
1990 ………...………
1995……….…………
2000 ………...………
2005……………………
2006……………………
2007……………………
2008……………………
2009……………………
2010……………………
Men
1970………….………
1975………….………
1980……….…………
1985……….…………
1990 ………...………
1995……….…………
2000 ………...………
2005……………………
2006……………………
2007……………………
2008……………………
2009……………………
2010……………………
NOTE: These data reflect the work experience of the entire year.
SOURCE: Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1971–2011, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics
78
Table 23. Married-couple families by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2010
(Numbers in thousands)
Married-couple families
One earner
Year
Total
No
earners
Total
Husband
only
Wife
only
Two earners or more
Other
family
member
Total
Husband Wife and Husband
Husband
and other other
and wife
and
family
family
are not
wife
member member earners
1967…….
1968…….
1969…….
43,292
43,842
44,436
2,943
2,888
3,022
16,490
16,375
16,268
15,429
15,310
15,133
716
730
797
345
335
339
23,859
24,579
25,145
18,888
19,743
20,327
4,639
4,522
4,517
—
—
—
—
—
—
1970…...…
1971…...…
1972…….
1973…...…
1974…...…
1975…...…
1976…….
1977…...…
1978…...…
1979…...…
44,832
45,939
46,594
47,185
47,438
47,878
48,150
48,131
48,532
49,132
3,252
3,471
3,632
4,027
4,325
4,943
4,962
5,177
5,226
5,559
16,117
16,847
16,787
16,080
15,795
16,217
15,630
15,119
14,456
13,912
14,931
15,502
15,387
14,547
14,122
14,343
13,690
13,153
12,434
11,934
867
1,004
1,003
1,110
1,216
1,394
1,424
1,456
1,509
1,499
320
340
398
423
457
481
516
512
513
480
25,464
25,621
26,175
27,078
27,319
26,717
27,559
27,835
28,850
29,660
20,510
20,641
21,279
22,152
22,451
22,338
23,104
23,474
24,655
25,595
4,622
4,651
4,553
4,535
4,442
3,861
3,829
3,812
3,609
3,476
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…...…
1984…….
1985…...…
1986…….
1987…….
1988…….
1989…...…
49,316
49,669
49,947
50,134
50,395
50,978
51,574
51,847
52,149
52,385
5,903
6,213
6,427
6,549
6,630
6,693
6,731
6,741
6,754
6,812
13,900
13,832
14,235
13,692
12,952
12,961
12,565
12,435
11,876
11,748
11,621
11,524
11,575
11,100
10,472
10,406
9,984
9,787
9,463
9,212
1,707
1,680
2,048
1,944
1,852
1,897
1,917
1,946
1,777
1,840
573
628
613
647
628
658
664
702
636
695
29,513
29,624
29,285
29,893
30,814
31,324
32,278
32,671
33,519
33,825
25,557
25,729
25,387
26,119
27,035
27,787
28,811
29,369
30,536
30,879
3,380
3,212
3,149
2,996
2,891
2,764
2,730
2,576
2,303
2,373
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
532
435
148
138
1990…….
1991…….
1992…….
1993…...…
1994…...…
1995…….
1996…….
1997…….
1998…...…
1999…….
52,241
52,549
53,254
53,248
53,929
53,621
53,654
54,362
54,829
55,352
6,770
7,091
7,256
7,282
7,227
7,278
7,148
7,289
7,257
7,163
11,630
11,523
11,977
11,842
11,774
11,739
11,556
11,728
12,279
12,328
9,107
8,873
9,114
8,745
8,719
8,821
8,671
8,792
9,198
9,093
1,826
1,993
2,145
2,411
2,374
2,253
2,214
2,302
2,419
2,595
698
657
718
687
681
664
671
634
662
640
33,841
33,935
34,021
34,123
34,928
34,604
34,950
35,345
35,293
35,861
30,829
31,049
31,268
31,302
32,125
32,061
32,406
32,764
32,810
33,360
2,369
2,161
1,940
2,051
2,048
1,878
1,899
1,853
1,726
1,815
479
527
624
614
603
539
522
569
616
519
164
197
199
156
151
127
123
158
141
167
2000…...…
2001…….
2002…….
2003…….
2004………
2005………
2006………
2007………
2008………
2009………
56,643
56,798
57,362
57,767
58,045
58,225
59,050
58,490
59,183
58,516
7,463
7,666
7,803
8,043
7,996
8,017
8,091
7,914
8,083
8,466
12,717
12,907
13,487
14,051
14,352
14,292
14,545
14,264
14,622
15,035
9,515
9,621
10,109
10,469
10,821
10,603
10,693
10,392
10,567
10,565
2,601
2,698
2,818
3,026
2,991
3,096
3,261
3,265
3,435
3,849
600
588
560
557
540
593
591
608
620
621
36,463
36,224
36,071
35,673
35,696
35,915
36,414
36,312
36,477
35,015
33,892
33,696
33,547
33,220
33,131
33,380
33,880
33,718
33,930
32,327
1,865
1,898
1,845
1,789
1,832
1,818
1,752
1,847
1,739
1,789
566
501
558
548
610
597
639
597
650
739
139
129
121
117
123
121
142
149
158
160
2010……… 58,135
8,626
15,406
10,880
3,935
591
34,103
31,425
1,783
722
172
See note at end of table.
79
Table 23. Married-couple families by number and relationship of earners, 1967–2010—Continued
(Percent distribution)
Married-couple families
One earner
Year
Total
No
earners
Total
Husband
only
Wife
only
Two earners or more
Other
family
member
Total
Husband Wife and Husband
Husband and other other
and wife
and wife
family
family
are not
member member earners
6.9
6.5
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.3
5.0
4.4
4.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.0
.8
0.3
.3
59.0
59.1
58.7
58.8
59.6
59.8
60.4
60.3
59.8
60.3
4.5
4.1
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.3
.9
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
.9
.3
.4
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
64.4
63.8
62.9
61.8
61.5
61.7
61.7
62.1
61.6
59.8
59.8
59.3
58.5
57.5
57.1
57.3
57.4
57.6
57.3
55.2
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.2
2.9
3.1
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.3
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
58.7
54.1
3.1
1.2
.3
1967…..… 100.0
1968…...… 100.0
1969…...… 100.0
6.8
6.6
6.8
38.1
37.4
36.6
35.6
34.9
34.1
1.7
1.7
1.8
0.8
.8
.8
55.1
56.1
56.6
43.6
45.0
45.7
10.7
10.3
10.2
1970…...…
1971…...…
1972…...…
1973………
1974…...…
1975…...…
1976…...…
1977…….
1978…….
1979…….
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.3
7.6
7.8
8.5
9.1
10.3
10.3
10.8
10.8
11.3
35.9
36.7
36.0
34.1
33.3
33.9
32.5
31.4
29.8
28.3
33.3
33.7
33.0
30.8
29.8
30.0
28.4
27.3
25.6
24.3
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.1
.7
.7
.9
.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.0
56.8
55.8
56.2
57.4
57.6
55.8
57.2
57.8
59.4
60.4
45.7
44.9
45.7
46.9
47.3
46.7
48.0
48.8
50.8
52.1
10.3
10.1
9.8
9.6
9.4
8.1
8.0
7.9
7.4
7.1
1980…….
1981…….
1982…….
1983…….
1984…….
1985…….
1986…….
1987…….
1988…….
1989…….
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.0
12.5
12.9
13.1
13.2
13.1
13.1
13.0
13.0
13.0
28.2
27.8
28.5
27.3
25.7
25.4
24.4
24.0
22.8
22.4
23.6
23.2
23.2
22.1
20.8
20.4
19.4
18.9
18.1
17.6
3.5
3.4
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.4
3.5
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.3
59.8
59.6
58.6
59.6
61.1
61.4
62.6
63.0
64.3
64.6
51.8
51.8
50.8
52.1
53.6
54.5
55.9
56.6
58.6
58.9
1990…...…
1991…...…
1992…...…
1993…...…
1994…….
1995…….
1996…….
1997…….
1998…….
1999…….
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.0
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.4
13.6
13.3
13.4
13.2
12.9
22.3
21.9
22.5
22.2
21.8
21.9
21.5
21.6
22.4
22.3
17.4
16.9
17.1
16.4
16.2
16.5
16.2
16.2
16.8
16.4
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
64.8
64.6
63.9
64.1
64.8
64.5
65.1
65.0
64.4
64.8
2000…...…
2001…….
2002…...…
2003…….
2004………
2005………
2006………
2007………
2008………
2009………
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.2
13.5
13.6
13.9
13.8
13.8
13.7
13.5
13.7
14.5
22.5
22.7
23.5
24.3
24.7
24.5
24.6
24.4
24.7
25.7
16.8
16.9
17.6
18.1
18.6
18.2
18.1
17.8
17.9
18.1
4.6
4.8
4.9
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.8
6.6
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
2010……… 100.0
14.8
26.5
18.7
6.8
1.0
NOTE: Data reflect the earnings and work experience of the entire year. Dash indicates data not available.
SOURCE: Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1968–2011, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics
80
Table 24. Contribution of wives' earnings to
family income, 1970–2010
Contribution to
family income
(median percent)
Year
1970………………….………
1971…………………….……
1972…………...………………
1973……………….…………
1974……………….…………
1975…………….……………
1976………………….………
1977………………….………
1978……...……………………
1979……………...……………
26.6
27.5
26.7
26.0
25.4
26.3
26.4
26.1
26.1
26.0
1980………….………………
1981……...……………………
1982……………...……………
1983……………….…………
1984………………….………
1985……………….…………
1986………………...…………
1987……………………...……
1988……………………...……
1989……………………….…
26.7
27.3
28.4
28.8
28.4
28.3
29.0
29.5
29.6
29.9
1990………………….………
1991………………….………
1992…………………….……
1993………….………………
1994…………….……………
1995……………….…………
1996……………………….…
1997…………………….……
1998……………….…………
1999……………………….…
30.7
31.3
32.4
32.2
31.9
31.9
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.8
2000……………………….…
2001……………………….…
2002……………………….…
2003……………………….…
2004……………………………
2005……………………………
2006……………………………
2007……………………………
2008……………………………
2009……………………………
33.5
34.4
34.8
35.2
34.9
35.1
35.6
36.0
36.0
37.1
2010……………………….…
37.6
NOTE: Data reflect the earnings and work experience
of the entire year.
SOURCE: Annual Social and Economic Supplements,
1971–2011, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau
of Labor Statistics
81
Table 25. Wives who earn more than their husbands, 1987–2010
(Numbers in thousands)
Families in which wives have earnings
but husbands may not ¹
Year
Families in which both wives and husbands
have earnings ²
Married-couple
Married-couple
families in which
Wives who earn Percent of wives families in which Wives who earn Percent of wives
wife (but not
more than
who earn more
both wife and
more than
who earn more
necessarily
their
than their
husband had
their
than their
husband) had
husbands
husbands
earnings from
husbands
husbands
earnings from
work
work
1987…...…………
1988…...…………
1989…...…………
32,025
32,810
33,119
7,581
7,827
8,068
23.7
23.9
24.4
29,755
30,503
30,848
5,311
5,520
5,796
17.8
18.1
18.8
1990…...…………
1991…...…………
1992…...…………
1993…...…………
1994…...…………
1995…...…………
1996…...…………
1997……............
1998……............
1999……............
33,093
33,516
33,987
34,286
35,066
34,819
35,120
35,613
35,806
36,454
8,221
8,983
9,715
10,000
10,184
9,822
10,070
10,309
10,467
10,548
24.8
26.8
28.6
29.2
29.0
28.2
28.7
28.9
29.2
28.9
30,794
30,998
31,221
31,264
32,091
32,030
32,389
32,745
32,782
33,340
5,923
6,465
6,948
6,978
7,209
7,033
7,340
7,441
7,443
7,434
19.2
20.9
22.3
22.3
22.5
22.0
22.7
22.7
22.7
22.3
2000……............
2001……............
2001
2002……............
2003……............
2004………………
2005………………
2006………………
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
2010………………
37,037
36,864
36
864
36,905
36,761
36,710
37,055
37,733
37,536
37,988
36,858
36,024
11,070
11,329
11
329
11,765
11,923
11,985
12,215
12,601
12,570
13,104
13,903
13,798
29.9
30.7
30
7
31.9
32.4
32.6
33.0
33.4
33.5
34.5
37.7
38.3
33,873
33,665
33
665
33,531
33,189
33,110
33,364
33,838
33,678
33,905
32,280
31,373
7,906
8,130
8
130
8,391
8,351
8,386
8,524
8,707
8,712
9,020
9,326
9,147
23.3
24.1
24
1
25.0
25.2
25.3
25.5
25.7
25.9
26.6
28.9
29.2
1
2
Includes families in which husband had no earnings from work.
Excludes families in which husband had no earnings from work.
NOTE: Data reflect the earnings and work experience of the entire year.
SOURCE: Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1988–2011, Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics
82
This table was reissued on March 26, 2013, to correct errors in the data.
Table 26. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal
minimum wage by selected characteristics, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage
Characteristic
Total
Total
Percent of
hourly paid
workers
At prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
1,677
2,152
Age and sex
Total, 16 years and over………………..…………
73,926
3,829
5.2
16 to 24 years………………………..……………
14,436
1,896
13.1
893
1,003
25 years and over……………………..……………
59,490
1,933
3.2
784
1,149
Women, 16 years and over……………..…………
37,469
2,395
6.4
1,029
1,366
16 to 24 years………………………..……………
7,147
1,109
15.5
505
604
25 years and over……………………..……………
30,323
1,286
4.2
524
762
Men, 16 years and over………………………..……
36,457
1,433
3.9
648
785
7,290
787
10.8
388
399
29,167
647
2.2
260
387
16 to 24 years…………………………………..…
25 years and over…………………………..………
Race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
White……………………………..………………….
59,314
3,006
5.1
1,258
1,748
Women………………………..………………….…
29,571
1,898
6.4
774
1,124
Men………………………..………………….………
29,743
1,108
3.7
484
624
9,523
577
6.1
324
253
Black or African American…………………………
Women………………………..………………….…
5,271
356
6.8
208
148
Men………………………..………………….………
4,252
222
5.2
117
105
Asian……………….………………………………..…
3,037
99
3.3
36
63
Women………………………..………………….…
1,612
58
3.6
23
35
Men………………………..………………….………
1,425
41
2.9
13
28
Hispanic or Latino ……………………………………
13,264
720
5.4
340
380
Women………………………..………………….…
5,561
394
7.1
186
208
Men………………………..………………….………
7,703
326
4.2
154
172
See footnotes at end of table.
83
This table was reissued on March 26, 2013, to correct errors in the data.
Table 26. Wage and salary workers paid hourly rates with earnings at or below the prevailing federal
minimum wage by selected characteristics, 2011 annual averagesʊCont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Workers paid hourly rates
Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage
Characteristic
Full- and part-time status
Total
Total
Percent of
hourly paid
workers
At prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
Below
prevailing
federal
minimum
wage
1
Full-time workers……………………..………………
53,594
1,274
2.4
522
752
Women……………………………….………………
24,302
773
3.2
317
456
Men……………………………………..……………
29,292
501
1.7
205
296
Part-time workers…………………..………………
20,199
2,545
12.6
1,153
1,392
Women……………………………...………………
13,096
1,615
12.3
711
904
Men…………………………..………………………
7,103
932
13.1
443
489
1
Full time refers to persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week; part time refers to persons who usually work
fewer than 35 hours per week. Data will not sum to totals because fullfull or part-time
part time status on the principal job is not
identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
$7 25 an hour in 2011.
2011 Data are for wage and salary workers,
workers excluding
NOTE: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $7.25
the incorporated self-employed. They refer to a person's earnings on his or her sole or principal job, and pertain only to
workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other nonhourly workers are not included. Estimates for the above
race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races.
People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
84
Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor force for 27 weeks or more by age, sex, race,
and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2010
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Total, 16 years and older………… 146,859
16 to 19 years……………...…
3,140
20 to 24 years…………...…… 13,300
25 to 34 years…………...…… 32,561
35 to 44 years……………..…
32,056
45 to 54 years……………...… 34,721
55 to 64 years………………… 24,066
65 years and older……………
7,015
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
7,063
72
449
1,661
1,948
1,636
1,049
247
21,283
571
2,546
6,127
5,467
4,068
1,943
560
10,512
452
2,057
3,005
2,353
1,689
814
143
7,728
326
1,531
2,132
1,778
1,258
604
99
2,120
101
429
670
428
314
148
30
339
7
43
89
87
66
43
5
3,010
125
421
954
862
454
162
32
Black or
African
American
Asian
119,582
2,621
10,669
25,743
25,461
28,539
20,426
6,122
16,827
329
1,795
4,216
3,884
3,870
2,197
536
Age and sex
Total
Below poverty level
White
Women, 16 years and older……
16 to 19 years………………..
20 to 24 years…………...……
25 to 34 years………...………
35 to 44 years…………………
45 to 54 years…………………
55 to 64 years………………..
65 years and older……….……
68,234
1,563
6,265
14,652
14,694
16,498
11,439
3,122
54,353
1,304
4,950
11,296
11,314
13,295
9,526
2,667
8,979
177
933
2,185
2,099
2,079
1,209
297
3,304
35
196
735
927
782
524
105
8,630
244
999
2,270
2,192
1,814
862
249
5,213
246
1,149
1,437
1,111
799
406
66
3,561
162
813
904
756
584
299
45
1,304
74
269
444
267
163
73
14
173
3
30
38
54
21
24
–
1,193
51
210
339
314
186
81
12
Men, 16 years and older…………
16 to 19 years…………………
20 to 24 years
years………………..
25 to 34 years……………...…
35 to 44 years…………...……
45 to 54 years…………………
55 to 64 years…………………
65 years and older……………
78,626
1,577
7 035
7,035
17,908
17,362
18,223
12,627
3,893
65,229
1,317
5 720
5,720
14,446
14,146
15,244
10,900
3,455
7,848
153
862
2,031
1,784
1,790
987
240
3,759
37
253
926
1,022
854
526
141
12,653
328
1 547
1,547
3,857
3,275
2,255
1,081
311
5,299
206
908
1,568
1,242
890
408
77
4,166
164
718
1,228
1,023
674
305
54
816
27
160
226
161
150
75
16
167
4
12
51
33
45
19
3
1,817
74
211
615
549
268
80
20
See footnotes at end of table.
85
Table 27. Working poor: Poverty status of people in the labor
force for 27 weeks or more by age, sex, race, and Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity, 2010—Cont'd
Rate 1
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Total, 16 years and older…………
16 to 19 years……………...…
20 to 24 years…………...……
25 to 34 years…………...……
35 to 44 years……………..…
45 to 54 years……………...…
55 to 64 years…………………
65 years and older……………
7.2
14.4
15.5
9.2
7.3
4.9
3.4
2.0
6.5
12.4
14.3
8.3
7.0
4.4
3.0
1.6
12.6
30.6
23.9
15.9
11.0
8.1
6.8
5.5
4.8
(2)
9.5
5.4
4.5
4.0
4.1
2.1
14.1
21.8
16.5
15.6
15.8
11.2
8.3
5.8
Women, 16 years and older……
16 to 19 years………………..
20 to 24 years…………...……
25 to 34 years………...………
35 to 44 years…………………
45 to 54 years…………………
55 to 64 years………………..
65 years and older……….……
7.6
15.7
18.3
9.8
7.6
4.8
3.5
2.1
6.6
12.4
16.4
8.0
6.7
4.4
3.1
1.7
14.5
41.7
28.8
20.3
12.7
7.9
6.0
4.6
5.2
(2)
15.5
5.2
5.8
2.7
4.6
1.9
13.8
20.9
21.0
15.0
14.3
10.2
9.4
4.9
Men, 16 years and older…………
16 to 19 years…………………
20 to 24 years
years………………..
25 to 34 years……………...…
35 to 44 years…………...……
45 to 54 years…………………
55 to 64 years…………………
65 years and older……………
6.7
13.1
12 9
12.9
8.8
7.2
4.9
3.2
2.0
6.4
12.5
12 6
12.6
8.5
7.2
4.4
2.8
1.6
10.4
17.9
18 5
18.5
11.1
9.0
8.4
7.6
6.7
4.4
(2 )
48
4.8
5.5
3.2
5.2
3.6
2.2
14.4
22.9
13 6
13.6
15.9
16.8
11.9
7.4
6.4
Age and sex
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
1
Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27
weeks or more.
2 Data not shown where labor force base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: These data, collected in the 2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplement,
reflect the earnings and work experience of the entire year. Estimates for the above
race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals
because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
SOURCE: 2011 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, Current Population
Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
86
Table 28. Displaced workers1 by age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and
employment status in January 2012
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic
or Latino ethnicity
Percent distribution by employment status
Total
(in
thousands)
Total
Employed
Unemployed
Not in labor
force
Total
Total, 20 years and over…………...…
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 to 54 years……………...…………
55 to 64 years…………...……………
65 years and over…………...………
6,121
128
4,268
1,338
386
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
56.0
61.7
61.5
47.4
23.5
26.7
22.4
26.2
28.1
27.5
17.4
15.9
12.3
24.5
49.0
Women, 20 years and over…………
20 to 24 years……………………...…
25 to 54 years………………..………
55 to 64 years…………………..……
65 years and over………………..…
2,681
50
1,831
611
189
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.7
30.8
19.5
54.6
43.3
23.5
30.9
31.1
27.7
14.5
25.6
48.8
Men, 20 years and over……………..
20 to 24 years……………………..…
25 to 54 years……………..…………
55 to 64 years…………..……………
65 years and over…………..………
3,440
78
2,438
727
197
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.9
70.6
66.7
50.8
23.5
23.4
15.0
22.7
25.6
27.3
15.7
14.4
10.6
23.7
49.2
5,027
2,920
2 107
2,107
100.0
100.0
100 0
100.0
57.4
51.2
61 9
61.9
26.1
30.2
23 1
23.1
16.5
18.7
14 9
14.9
662
378
284
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.1
41.2
52.7
31.2
35.9
24.8
22.7
22.9
22.4
230
109
121
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.3
58.9
61.5
26.7
25.6
27.6
13.1
15.5
10.9
901
307
594
100.0
100.0
100.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
White
Total, 20 years and over…………..…
Women………………………………
M
Men……………………………….……
Black or African American
Total, 20 years and over………………
Women…………………………….…
Men…………………………….………
Asian
Total, 20 years and over………………
Women…………………………….…
Men………………………………..…
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 20 years and over………….…
Women………………………………
Men…………………………..………
54.9
44.3
60.3
27.7
31.6
25.7
17.4
24.1
14.0
1
Data refer to people who had 3 or more years of tenure on a job they had lost or left between January
2009 and December 2011 because of plant or company closings or moves, insufficient work, or the
abolishment of their positions or shifts.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum
to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race.
SOURCE: January 2012 Displaced Worker Supplement to the Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics
87
Table 29. Median years of tenure with current employer for employed wage and salary workers by age and sex,
selected years, 1998–2012
Age and sex
February
1998
February
2000
January
2002
January
2004
January
2006
January
2008
January
2010
January
2012
Total, 16 years and over…………...…
16 to 17 years…………………...……
18 to 19 years…………………...……
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 years and over…………………..
25 to 34 years……………...………
35 to 44 years……………...………
45 to 54 years……………...………
55 to 64 years……………...………
65 years and over……………...……
3.6
.6
.7
1.1
4.7
2.7
5.0
8.1
10.1
7.8
3.5
.6
.7
1.1
4.7
2.6
4.8
8.2
10.0
9.4
3.7
.7
.8
1.2
4.7
2.7
4.6
7.6
9.9
8.6
4.0
.7
.8
1.3
4.9
2.9
4.9
7.7
9.6
9.0
4.0
.6
.7
1.3
4.9
2.9
4.9
7.3
9.3
8.8
4.1
.7
.8
1.3
5.1
2.7
4.9
7.6
9.9
10.2
4.4
.7
1.0
1.5
5.2
3.1
5.1
7.8
10.0
9.9
4.6
.7
.8
1.3
5.4
3.2
5.3
7.8
10.3
10.3
Women, 16 years and over………….
16 to 17 years…………………...……
18 to 19 years…………………...……
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 years and over…………………..
25 to 34 years……………...………
35 to 44 years……………...………
45 to 54 years……………...………
55 to 64 years……………...………
65 years and over……………...……
3.4
.6
.7
1.1
4.4
2.5
4.5
7.2
9.6
8.7
3.3
.6
.7
1.0
4.4
2.5
4.3
7.3
9.9
9.7
3.4
.7
.8
1.1
4.4
2.5
4.2
6.5
9.6
9.4
3.8
.6
.8
1.3
4.7
2.8
4.5
6.4
9.2
9.6
3.9
.6
.7
1.2
4.8
2.8
4.6
6.7
9.2
9.5
3.9
.6
.8
1.3
4.9
2.6
4.7
7.0
9.8
9.9
4.2
.7
1.0
1.5
5.1
3.0
4.9
7.1
9.7
10.1
4.6
.7
.8
1.3
5.4
3.1
5.2
7.3
10.0
10.5
Men, 16 years and over……………..…
16 to 17 years…………………...……
18 to 19 years…………………...……
20 to 24 years…………………...……
25 years and over…………………..
25 to 34 years……………...………
35 to 44 years……………...………
45 to 54 years……………...………
55 to 64 years……………...………
65 years and over……………...……
3.8
.6
.7
1.2
4.9
2.8
5.5
9.4
11.2
7.1
3.8
.6
.7
1.2
4.9
2.7
5.3
9.5
10.2
9.0
3.9
.8
.8
1.4
4.9
2.8
5.0
9.1
10.2
8.1
4.1
.7
.8
1.3
5.1
3.0
5.2
9.6
9.8
8.2
4.1
.7
.7
1.4
5.0
2.9
5.1
8.1
9.5
8.3
4.2
.7
.8
1.4
5.2
2.8
5.2
8.2
10.1
10.4
4.6
.7
1.0
1.6
5.3
3.2
5.3
8.5
10.4
9.7
4.7
.6
.8
1.4
5.5
3.2
5.4
8.5
10.7
10.2
SOURCE: 1998–2012 Displaced Worker Supplements to the Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
88
Table 30. Labor force status of 2011 high school graduates and 2010–2011 high school dropouts
16 to 24 years old by school enrollment and sex, October 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total, 2011 high school graduates1……
3
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
1,487
48.3
1,090
35.4
398
26.7
1,594
Women…………………….………………… 1,474
Men……………………….…………………
1,607
679
808
46.1
50.3
539
551
36.6
34.3
140
258
20.6
31.9
795
799
Enrolled in college………...………………
Percent of total 2011 graduates………
2,103
68.3
815
54.8
38.8
-
643
59.0
30.6
-
172
43.2
21.1
-
1,288
80.8
Women…………………………..…………
Percent of female 2011 graduates……
1,065
72.3
437
64.4
41.0
-
370
68.6
34.8
-
66
47.1
15.2
-
628
79.0
Men………………………….………………
Percent of male 2011 graduates………
1,038
64.6
378
46.8
36.5
273
49.5
26.3
-
106
41.1
27.9
-
-
659
82.5
Not enrolled in college……………..………
Percent of total 2011 graduates………
979
31.8
672
45.2
68.7
447
41.0
45.6
-
226
56.8
33.6
-
-
306
19.2
Women…………………………………..…
Percent of female 2011 graduates……
409
27.7
242
35.6
59.2
-
169
31.4
41.2
-
74
52.9
30.4
-
167
21.0
Men……………………………………….…
Percent of male 2011 graduates………
569
35.4
430
53.2
75.5
-
278
50.5
48.8
-
152
58.9
35.4
-
139
17.4
369
205
55.5
126
34.2
79
38.4
164
169
200
87
118
51.3
59.1
41
86
24.1
42.8
46
33
Women…………………………..…………
Men………………………………….………
2
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
3,081
Total, 2010–11 high school dropouts2…
1
Employed
53.1
27.5
Data refer to persons who graduated from high school in January through October 2011.
Data refer to persons who dropped out of school between October 2010 and October 2011.
Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
SOURCE: October 2011 School Enrollment Supplement to the Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
89
82
82
Table 31. Labor force status of people 16 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and educational
attainment, October 2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Enrolled in school…………………...……
2
Total
Percent
of
population
Total
Percent
of
population
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
22,403
8,744
39.0
7,501
33.5
1,243
14.2
13,659
Women……………………………….…… 11,333
Men……………………………….………… 11,071
4,740
4,004
41.8
36.2
4,125
3,375
36.4
30.5
615
628
13.0
15.7
6,593
7,067
Enrolled in high school 1…………...………
9,618
2,116
22.0
1,582
16.5
534
25.2
7,502
Women……………………………….…… 4,608
Men……………………………….………… 5,010
1,140
976
24.7
19.5
878
704
19.1
14.1
262
272
23.0
27.9
3,468
4,034
Enrolled in college……………..…………… 12,785
6,628
51.8
5,919
46.3
709
10.7
6,158
Women…………………….……………… 6,725
Men…………………….…………………… 6,061
3,600
3,028
53.5
50.0
3,247
2,671
48.3
44.1
353
356
9.8
11.8
3,125
3,033
15,873
12,642
79.6
10,431
65.7
2,212
17.5
3,231
Women…………………………….…………
Less than a high school diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college 2 .....
Some college or associate's degree .....
Bachelor’s degree and higher ...............
7,521
1,222
2,986
2,073
1,240
5,563
697
2,042
1,682
1,142
74.0
57.0
68.4
81.1
92.1
4,641
480
1,654
1,457
1,051
61.7
39.3
55.4
70.3
84.7
922
217
389
225
92
16.6
31.2
19.0
13.4
8.0
1,958
525
943
392
98
Men……………………………………...……
Less than a high school diploma ..........
High school graduates, no college 2 .....
Some college or associate's degree .....
Bachelor’s degree and higher ...............
8,352
1,532
3,990
1,971
859
7,080
1,131
3,348
1,772
828
84.8
73.8
83.9
89.9
96.4
5,790
907
2,574
1,559
749
69.3
59.3
64.5
79.1
87.2
1,290
223
774
213
79
18.2
19.7
23.1
12.0
9.5
1,273
401
642
199
31
Not enrolled in school……………..……..
1
Employed
Includes a small number of people enrolled in grades below high school.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
NOTE: Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
SOURCE: October 2011 School Enrollment Supplement to the Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
90
Table 32. Multiple jobholders and multiple jobholding rates by sex and race, 1994–2011
annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Multiple jobholding rate¹
Multiple jobholders
Women
Year
Total
employed
Total
Number
Percent of
all multiple
jobholders
Men
Total
Women
Men
123,060
124,900
126,708
129,558
131,463
133,488
7,260
7,693
7,832
7,955
7,926
7,802
3,336
3,554
3,640
3,718
3,748
3,698
46.0
46.2
46.5
46.7
47.3
47.4
3,924
4,139
4,192
4,237
4,178
4,104
5.9
6.2
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.0
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.7
2000…..… 136,891
2001..…… 136,933
2002…..… 136,485
2003..…… 137,736
2004…..… 139,252
2005………141,730
2006………144,427
2007………146,047
2008………145,362
2009………139,877
7,604
7,357
7,291
7,315
7,473
7,546
7,576
7,655
7,620
7,271
3,608
3,523
3,557
3,599
3,638
3,691
3,753
3,822
3,783
3,741
47.4
47.9
48.8
49.2
48.7
48.9
49.5
49.9
49.6
51.5
3,996
3,834
3,734
3,716
3,835
3,855
3,822
3,833
3,837
3,530
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.7
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.2
5.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.9
5.0
4.8
2010………139,064
2011………139,869
6,878
6,880
3,552
3,496
51.6
50.8
3,326
3,384
4.9
4.9
5.4
5.3
4.5
4.6
1994…..…
1995….…
1996…..…
1997…..…
1998…..…
1999…..…
¹ Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed people in specified group.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
91
Table 33. Unincorporated self-employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, 1976–2011
annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Total
Year
1976……
1977…..
1978…..
1979…..
1980…..
1981…..
1982…..
1983…..
1984……
1985…..
1986…..
1987…..
1988……
1989…..
1990……
1991…..
1992…..
1993…..
1994
1994…..
1995…..
1996…..
1997…..
1998…..
1999…..
2000…..
2001…..
2002……
2003…..
2004……
2005…..
2006……
2007……
2008……
2009……
2010……
2011…..
Total
Selfemployed employed
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
95,938
97,030
96,125
97,450
101,685
103,971
106,435
109,232
111,800
114,143
115,570
114,449
115,246
117,144
119 651
119,651
121,460
123,264
126,159
128,085
130,207
134,427
134,635
134,174
135,461
137,020
139,532
142,221
143,952
143,194
137,775
136,858
137,615
5,782
6,115
6,428
6,792
7,001
7,097
7,263
7,575
7,785
7,810
7,881
8,201
8,519
8,605
8,719
8,850
8,576
8,959
9 003
9,003
8,901
8,971
9,056
8,962
8,790
9,205
9,121
8,923
9,344
9,467
9,509
9,685
9,557
9,219
8,995
8,860
8,603
Women
Men
Selfemployed
SelfSelfSelfwomen as
employed
employed
employed percent of
Total
SelfTotal
Selfas a
as a
as a
total selfemployed employed
employed employed
percent of
percent of
percent of employed
total
total
total
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.4
7.6
75
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.3
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556
41,461
42,333
42,591
43,367
45,262
46,615
48,054
49,668
51,020
52,341
53,011
52,815
53,380
54,273
55 755
55,755
56,642
57,630
59,026
59,945
61,193
62,983
63,147
62,995
63,824
64,182
65,213
66,382
67,302
67,358
65,712
65,164
65,023
1,549
1,692
1,814
1,982
2,097
2,192
2,309
2,439
2,566
2,603
2,610
2,778
2,955
3,043
3,122
3,150
2,963
3,065
3 443
3,443
3,440
3,506
3,550
3,482
3,424
3,631
3,594
3,499
3,609
3,607
3,565
3,681
3,637
3,483
3,468
3,388
3,341
4.4
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.1
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.9
6.0
5.6
5.6
62
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.7
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.1
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921
54,477
54,697
53,534
54,083
56,423
57,356
58,381
59,564
60,780
61,802
62,559
61,634
61,866
62,871
63 896
63,896
64,818
65,634
67,133
68,140
69,014
71,444
71,488
71,179
71,636
72,838
74,319
75,838
76,650
75,836
72,062
71,694
72,592
4,233
4,423
4,614
4,810
4,904
4,905
4,954
5,136
5,219
5,207
5,271
5,423
5,564
5,562
5,597
5,700
5,613
5,894
5 560
5,560
5,461
5,465
5,506
5,480
5,366
5,573
5,527
5,425
5,736
5,860
5,944
6,004
5,920
5,736
5,527
5,472
5,262
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.8
9.0
9.0
9.3
9.5
9.2
9.1
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.0
8.9
9.2
9.1
9.4
87
8.7
8.4
8.3
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.6
7.2
NOTE: Since 2000, data reflect population controls for Census 2000 and changes in the classification of industries.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
92
26.8
27.7
28.2
29.2
30.0
30.9
31.8
32.2
33.0
33.3
33.1
33.9
34.7
35.4
35.8
35.6
34.5
34.2
38 2
38.2
38.6
39.1
39.2
38.9
39.0
39.4
39.4
39.2
38.6
38.1
37.5
38.0
38.1
37.8
38.6
38.2
38.8
Table 34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian noninstitutional population
by age and sex, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Native- or foreign-born
status, age, and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor force
Both sexes
Native born1
16 years and over…….. 203,197
16 to 24 years………..… 34,567
25 to 34 years………… 33,801
35 to 44 years………... 31,006
45 to 54 years………… 36,753
55 to 64 years………... 32,250
65 years and over…… 34,819
129,226
19,026
27,967
25,817
29,560
20,604
6,252
63.6
55.0
82.7
83.3
80.4
63.9
18.0
117,686
15,668
25,282
23,970
27,593
19,315
5,858
57.9
45.3
74.8
77.3
75.1
59.9
16.8
11,539
3,358
2,685
1,847
1,967
1,289
393
8.9
17.7
9.6
7.2
6.7
6.3
6.3
73,971
15,541
5,834
5,189
7,193
11,646
28,568
Foreign born2
16 years and over…….. 36,420
16 to 24 years……….… 3,631
25 to 34 years……..…… 7,562
35 to 44 years……..…… 8,492
45 to 54 years…………
7,089
55 to 64 years……….… 4,737
65 years and over……
4,909
24,391
1,971
5,758
6,843
5,799
3,161
860
67.0
54.3
76.1
80.6
81.8
66.7
17.5
22,183
1,695
5,255
6,301
5,274
2,870
788
60.9
46.7
69.5
74.2
74.4
60.6
16.1
2,208
276
503
542
525
290
72
9.1
14.0
8.7
7.9
9.1
9.2
8.3
12,029
1,660
1,805
1,650
1,290
1,577
4,049
Native born1
16 years and over…….. 104,970
16 to 24 years………… 17,078
25 to 34 years……...… 17,091
35 to 44 years……...… 31,006
45 to 54 years……….… 18,819
55 to 64 years………..… 32,250
65 years and over…… 34,819
61,630
9,228
13,162
25,817
14,289
20,604
6,252
58.7
54.0
77.0
83.3
75.9
63.9
18.0
56,516
7,772
11,983
23,970
13,395
19,315
5,858
53.8
45.5
70.1
77.3
71.2
59.9
16.8
5,115
1,456
1,179
1,847
894
1,289
393
8.3
15.8
9.0
7.2
6.3
6.3
6.3
43,340
7,850
3,930
5,189
4,530
11,646
28,568
Foreign born2
16 years and over…….. 18,331
16 to 24 years………..… 1,694
25 to 34 years……...…
3,562
35 to 44 years……...…
4,166
45 to 54 years……….… 3,572
55 to 64 years…………
2,473
65 years and over……
2,864
10,012
773
2,094
2,775
2,587
1,434
349
54.6
45.6
58.8
66.6
72.4
58.0
12.2
9,063
656
1,880
2,534
2,358
1,314
321
49.4
38.7
52.8
60.8
66.0
53.1
11.2
949
117
213
241
229
120
28
9.5
15.1
10.2
8.7
8.8
8.4
8.0
8,319
921
1,468
1,391
984
1,039
2,516
Women
See footnotes at end of table.
93
Table 34. Employment status of the native-born and foreign-born civilian noninstitutional population
by age and sex, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Native- or foreign-born
status, age, and sex
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor force
Men
Native born1
16 years and over………
16 to 24 years…………
25 to 34 years………...
35 to 44 years………...
45 to 54 years……….…
55 to 64 years……….…
65 years and over……
98,228
17,489
16,710
15,120
36,753
32,250
34,819
67,595
9,797
14,805
13,619
29,560
20,604
6,252
68.8
56.0
88.6
90.1
80.4
63.9
18.0
61,170
7,895
13,300
12,603
27,593
19,315
5,858
62.3
45.1
79.6
83.4
75.1
59.9
16.8
6,425
1,902
1,506
1,015
1,967
1,289
393
9.5
19.4
10.2
7.5
6.7
6.3
6.3
30,633
7,691
1,905
1,501
7,193
11,646
28,568
Foreign born2
16 years and over……… 18,090
16 to 24 years……….… 1,936
25 to 34 years……...…
4,000
35 to 44 years………...
4,326
45 to 54 years…………
3,517
55 to 64 years……….… 2,265
65 years and over……
2,045
14,379
1,198
3,664
4,067
3,212
1,727
511
79.5
61.9
91.6
94.0
91.3
76.2
25.0
13,120
1,039
3,374
3,767
2,915
1,557
468
72.5
53.7
84.4
87.1
82.9
68.7
22.9
1,260
159
289
300
296
170
44
8.8
13.3
7.9
7.4
9.2
9.8
8.6
3,711
738
337
259
305
538
1,534
1
The native born are people who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas, such as Puerto Rico or Guam, or
who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
2 The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the
United States or one of its outlying areas, such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents who were not U.S. citizens. This group
includes legally admitted immigrants, refugees, students, temporary workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data,
however, do not separately identify the number of people in these categories.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
94
Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary workers by sex, annual averages, 1983–2011
(Numbers in thousands)
Total, both sexes
Members of unions 1
Year
Total
employed
Women
Represented by unions
Members of unions 1
2
Total
employed
Represented by unions
2
Total
Percent of
employed
Total
Percent of
employed
40,433
5,908
14.6
7,262
18.0
42,172
5,829
13.8
7,100
16.8
20.5
43,506
5,732
13.2
6,910
15.9
19,278
19.9
44,961
5,802
12.9
6,961
15.5
19,051
19.2
46,365
5,842
12.6
6,907
14.9
16.8
19,241
19.0
47,495
5,982
12.6
7,109
15.0
16,960
16.4
19,198
18.6
48,691
6,141
12.6
7,243
14.9
1990 …… 104,876
16,776
16.0
19,105
18.2
49,323
6,179
12.5
7,330
14.9
1991...…… 103,723
16,612
16.0
18,790
18.1
49,105
6,142
12.5
7,247
14.8
1992…….
Total
Percent of
employed
Total
Percent of
employed
1983……… 88,290
17,717
20.1
20,532
23.3
1984…...…
92,194
17,340
18.8
19,932
21.6
1985…….
3
1986 ……
94,521
16,996
18.0
19,358
96,903
16,975
17.5
1987…...…
99,303
16,913
17.0
1988…….
101,407
17,002
1989…...… 103,480
3
104,668
16,418
15.7
18,578
17.7
49,842
6,274
12.6
7,411
14.9
1993……. 106,101
3
1994 …… 107,989
16,627
15.7
18,682
17.6
50,626
6,516
12.9
7,610
15.0
16,748
15.5
18,850
17.5
51,419
6,642
12.9
7,740
15.1
1995…….
110,038
16,360
14.9
18,346
16.7
52,369
6,430
12.3
7,479
14.3
1996…...… 111,960
1997 3…… 114,533
1998 3…… 116,730
16,269
14.5
18,158
16.2
53,488
6,410
12.0
7,397
13.8
16,110
14.1
17,923
15.6
54,708
6,347
11.6
7,304
13.4
16,211
13.9
17,918
15.4
55,757
6,362
11.4
7,280
13.1
1999 3…… 118,963
16,477
13.9
18,182
15.3
57,050
6,528
11.4
7,425
13.0
13.1
3
2000 …… 122,089
16,334
13.4
18,153
14.9
58,427
6,671
11.4
7,662
2001……. 122,229
2002……… 121,826
2003 3…… 122,358
16,305
13.3
18,026
14.7
58,582
6,768
11.6
7,672
13.1
16,145
13.3
17,695
14.5
58,555
6,820
11.6
7,629
13.0
15,776
12.9
17,448
14.3
59,122
6,732
11.4
7,601
12.9
2004……… 123,554
15,472
12.5
17,087
13.8
59,408
6,593
11.1
7,450
12.5
2005……
125,889
15,685
12.5
17,223
13.7
60,423
6,815
11.3
7,626
12.6
2006……… 128,237
15,359
12.0
16,860
13.1
61,426
6,702
10.9
7,501
12.2
2007……… 129,767
2008 3…… 129,377
2009 …… 124,490
15,670
12.1
17,243
13.3
62,299
6,903
11.1
7,749
12.4
16,098
12.4
17,761
13.7
62,532
7,160
11.4
8,036
12.9
15,327
12.3
16,904
13.6
60,951
6,887
11.3
7,727
12.7
2010 ……
2011 ……
14,715
14,764
11.9
11.8
16,290
16,290
13.1
13.0
60,542
60,502
6,722
6,758
11.1
11.2
7,528
7,558
12.4
12.5
124,073
125,187
See footnotes at end of table.
95
Table 35. Union affiliation of employed wage and salary
workers by sex, annual averages, 1983–2011—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Men
Members of unions 1
Year
Total
employed
Represented by unions
2
Total
Percent of
employed
Total
Percent of
employed
1983……… 47,856
11,809
24.7
13,270
27.7
1984…...… 50,022
11,511
23.0
12,832
25.7
1985…….
3
1986 ……
51,015
11,264
22.1
12,448
24.4
51,942
11,173
21.5
12,317
23.7
1987…...… 52,938
11,071
20.9
12,144
22.9
1988…….
53,912
11,019
20.4
12,132
22.5
1989…...… 54,789
10,820
19.7
11,955
21.8
3
1990 ……
55,553
10,597
19.1
11,775
21.2
1991...…… 54,618
10,470
19.2
11,542
21.1
1992…….
54,826
10,144
18.5
11,167
20.4
1993…….
3
1994 ……
55,475
10,112
18.2
11,072
20.0
56,570
10,106
17.9
11,110
19.6
1995…….
57,669
9,929
17.2
10,868
18.8
1996…...… 58,473
1997 3…… 59,825
1998 3…… 60,973
9,859
16.9
10,761
18.4
9,763
16.3
10,619
17.7
9,850
16.2
10,638
17.4
1999 3……
9 949
9,949
16 1
16.1
10 758
10,758
17 4
17.4
3
2000 ……
61 914
61,914
63,662
9,664
15.2
10,491
16.5
2001……. 63,647
2002……… 63,272
2003 3…… 63,236
9,538
15.0
10,354
16.3
9,325
14.7
10,066
15.9
9,044
14.3
9,848
15.6
2004……… 64,145
8,878
13.8
9,638
15.0
2005……
65,466
8,870
13.5
9,597
14.7
2006……… 66,811
8,657
13.0
9,360
14.0
2007……… 67,468
2008 3…… 66,846
2009 …… 63,539
8,767
13.0
9,494
14.1
8,938
13.4
9,724
14.5
8,441
13.3
9,176
14.4
2010 ……
2011 ……
7,994
8,006
12.6
12.4
8,761
8,731
13.8
13.5
63,531
64,686
1
Data refer to members of a labor union or an employee association
similar to a union.
2 Data refer to workers who are not members of unions but whose jobs
are covered by a union or employee association contract, as well as to
members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union.
3 Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For an explanation,
see the historical comparability documentation provided at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/eetech_methods.pdf.
NOTE: Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time
workers. All self-employed workers are excluded, regardless of whether
their businesses are incorporated.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
96
Table 36. Employment status of persons 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status and period of service
Women as a
percent of total
Total
Women
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
21,613
1,801
19,812
8.3
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
11,320
1,116
10,204
9.9
52.4
62.0
51.5
Employed……………………………………………………
10,375
1,015
9,360
Employment-population ratio……………………………
48.0
56.3
47.2
Unemployed…………………………………………………
945
101
844
Total veterans, 18 years of age and over
Participation rate………………………………………………
9.8
10.7
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.3
9.1
8.3
Not in labor force………………………………………………
10,293
685
9,608
6.7
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
2,387
405
1,982
17.0
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
14.5
Period of Service
Gulf War-era II veterans
1,937
281
1,656
Participation rate………………………………………………
81.2
69.5
83.5
Employed……………………………………………………
1,704
246
1,457
Employment-population ratio……………………………
71.4
60.9
73.5
Unemployed…………………………………………………
234
35
199
14.4
15.0
Unemployment rate………………………………………
12.1
12.4
12.0
Not in labor force………………………………………………
450
123
327
27.3
Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
2,936
461
2,475
15.7
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
2,460
339
2,121
13.8
Participation rate………………………………………………
83.8
73.5
85.7
Employed……………………………………………………
2,289
318
1,971
13.9
Employment-population ratio……………………………
78.0
68.9
79.6
Unemployed…………………………………………………
172
21
150
Unemployment rate………………………………………
7.0
6.3
7.1
Not in labor force………………………………………………
476
122
353
25.6
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
10,436
330
10,106
3.2
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
3,549
108
3,441
3.0
Participation rate………………………………………………
34.0
32.7
34.0
Employed……………………………………………………
3,280
99
3,181
12.2
World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Employment-population ratio……………………………
31.4
30.1
31.5
Unemployed…………………………………………………
269
9
260
Unemployment rate………………………………………
7.6
7.9
7.6
Not in labor force………………………………………………
6,887
222
6,665
See note at end of table.
97
3.0
3.3
3.2
Table 36. Employment status of veterans 18 years of age and over by sex and period of service,
2011 annual averages—Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status and period of service
Total
Women
Men
Women as a
percent of total
Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
5,853
605
5,248
10.3
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
3,374
388
2,986
11.5
Participation rate………………………………………………
57.6
64.1
56.9
Employed……………………………………………………
3,102
351
2,751
Employment-population ratio……………………………
53.0
58.1
52.4
Unemployed…………………………………………………
271
36
235
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.0
9.4
7.9
Not in labor force………………………………………………
2,480
217
2,262
8.8
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
209,278
117,259
92,019
56.0
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
140,424
69,570
70,854
49.5
11.3
13.3
Nonveterans, 18 years and over
67.1
59.3
77.0
Employed……………………………………………………
128,140
63,859
64,280
Employment-population ratio……………………………
61.2
54.5
69.9
Unemployed…………………………………………………
Participation rate………………………………………………
12,284
5,710
6,573
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.7
8.2
9.3
Not in labor force………………………………………………
68,854
47,689
21,166
49.8
46.5
69.3
NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey.
Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods).
Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served
during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
98
Table 37. Employment and disability status by sex and age, 2011 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status and age
Total
Women
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
27,382
14,749
12,633
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
5,722
2,571
3,152
Total persons with a disability,
16 years of age and over
Participation rate………………………………………………
20.9
17.4
24.9
Employed……………………………………………………
4,861
2,192
2,670
Employment-population ratio……………………………
17.8
14.9
21.1
Unemployed…………………………………………………
861
379
482
Unemployment rate………………………………………
15.0
14.7
15.3
Not in labor force………………………………………………
21,659
12,178
9,481
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
15,047
7,533
7,514
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
4,854
2,228
2,627
16 to 64 years of age
Participation rate………………………………………………
32.3
29.6
35.0
Employed……………………………………………………
4,067
1,877
2,190
Employment-population ratio……………………………
27.0
24.9
29.2
Unemployed…………………………………………………
787
351
436
Unemployment rate………………………………………
16.2
15.8
16.6
Not in labor force………………………………………………
10,192
5,305
4,887
12,335
7,216
5,119
868
343
525
65 years of age and over
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
Participation rate………………………………………………
7.0
4.8
10.3
Employed……………………………………………………
794
315
479
Employment-population ratio……………………………
6.4
4.4
9.4
Unemployed…………………………………………………
74
28
46
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.5
8.1
8.7
Not in labor force………………………………………………
11,467
6,873
4,594
Total persons without a disability,
16 years of age and over
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
212,236
108,552
103,684
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
147,894
69,071
78,823
69.7
63.6
76.0
Employed……………………………………………………
135,008
63,387
71,621
Employment-population ratio……………………………
63.6
58.4
69.1
Unemployed…………………………………………………
7,202
Participation rate………………………………………………
12,886
5,684
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.7
8.2
9.1
Not in labor force………………………………………………
64,342
39,480
24,861
See note at end of table.
99
Table 37. Employment and disability status by sex and age, 2011 annual
averages―Cont'd
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status and age
Total
Women
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
184,842
93,513
91,330
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
141,650
66,293
75,358
76.6
70.9
82.5
Employed……………………………………………………
129,155
60,785
68,370
Employment-population ratio……………………………
69.9
65.0
74.9
Unemployed…………………………………………………
6,987
16 to 64 years of age
Participation rate………………………………………………
12,495
5,508
Unemployment rate………………………………………
8.8
8.3
9.3
Not in labor force………………………………………………
43,192
27,220
15,972
Civilian noninstitutional population……………………………
27,394
15,039
12,355
Civilian labor force……………………………………………
6,244
2,779
3,465
Participation rate………………………………………………
22.8
18.5
28.0
Employed……………………………………………………
5,853
2,602
3,251
Employment-population ratio……………………………
21.4
17.3
26.3
Unemployed…………………………………………………
391
176
215
65 years of age and over
Unemployment rate………………………………………
6.3
6.3
6.2
Not in labor force………………………………………………
21,150
12,261
8,889
NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: deaf or serious difficulty
hearing; blind or serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; serious difficulty concentrating,
remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; serious
difficulty walking or climbing stairs; difficulty dressing or bathing; or difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
100
W O M E N I N T H E L A B O R F O R C E : A D ATA B O O K
Technical Notes
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample
survey of approximately 60,000 eligible households that
provides a wide range of information on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment. The survey is conducted
for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by the U.S.
Census Bureau, using a scientifically selected national
sample with coverage in all 50 states and the District of
Columbia.
Material in this report is in the public domain and, with
appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.
This information is available to sensory-impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200;
Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.
Concepts and definitions
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the
District of Columbia who are not confined to institutions
(for example, correctional facilities, residential nursing,
and mental health care facilities) and who are not on active
duty in the Armed Forces.
Civilian labor force. This group comprises all persons
classified as employed or unemployed.
Civilian labor force participation rate. This rate is
the civilian labor force as a percent of the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Employed persons. All persons who, during the survey
reference week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as
paid employees; worked in their own business, profession,
or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more as
unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of
the family; and (b) all those who were not working but who
had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily
absent because of vacation, illness, bad weather, childcare
problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management
disputes, job training, or other family or personal reasons,
whether or not they were paid for the time off or were
seeking other jobs.
Employment-population ratio. This ratio represents the
proportion of the population that is employed.
Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment
during the survey reference week, were available for work
(except for temporary illness), and had made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week
period ending with the survey reference week. Persons
who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they
had been laid off did not need to be looking for work to be
classified as unemployed.
Unemployment rate. This rate represents the number of
unemployed persons as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all persons
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. Persons marginally attached to
the labor force are those individuals not in the labor force
who wanted and were available for work and had looked
for a job sometime in the prior 12 months (or since the end
of their last job if they held one within the past 12 months).
They were not counted as unemployed because they had
not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached,
were not looking for work because they believed no jobs
were available for them.
Race. In accordance with the Office of Management and
Budget guidelines, White, Black or African American,
and Asian are terms used to describe a person’s race.
Beginning in 2003, persons in these categories are those
who selected that race group only. Those who identify
multiple race groups are categorized as persons of two or
more races. (Previously, persons identified a group as their
main race.) In the enumeration process, race is determined
by the household respondent. More information on the
2003 changes to questions on race and Hispanic ethnicity is
available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf.
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This refers to persons who
identified themselves in the enumeration process as being
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Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. Persons whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. More
information on the 2003 changes in questions on race and
Hispanic ethnicity is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/
rvcps03.pdf.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more
persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage,
or adoption; all such persons are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men without
spouses present. Families include those without children as
well as those with children under 18 in the home.
Children. Data on children refer to one’s own children and
include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children.
Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other
related children, and all unrelated children living in the
household.
Self-employed workers. Self-employed workers are
those who work for profit or fees in their own business,
profession, trade, or farm. Unincorporated self-employed
workers are included in the self-employed category. Selfemployed persons whose businesses are incorporated are
included with wage and salary workers.
Wage and salary workers. These are workers who receive
wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or
piece rates. The group includes employees in both the
private and public sectors. Data on union membership and
earnings of wage and salary workers exclude all selfemployed workers, both those with incorporated businesses
and those with unincorporated businesses.
Workers paid by the hour. Persons paid at an hourly rate on
their main job. Historically, workers paid an hourly wage
have made up approximately three-fifths of all wage and
salary workers.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before
taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay,
commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job, in
the case of multiple jobholders). Earnings reported on a
basis other than weekly (for example, annual, monthly, or
102
hourly) are converted to weekly. The term “usual” is as
perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a
definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the
term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4
or 5 months. Data refer to the sole or primary job of wage
and salary workers (excluding all self-employed persons
regardless of whether their businesses were incorporated).
The data are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly
sample and are limited to wage and salary workers.
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value that
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
values below the median. The medians shown in this
publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the
$50-centered interval within which each median falls.
Hours at work. These are the actual hours worked (at all
jobs) during the survey reference week. For example,
persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off
during the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as
working 32 hours, even if they were paid for the holiday.
Usual hours, or usual full- or part-time status. Data on
persons “at work” exclude persons who were temporarily
absent from a job and therefore classified in the zero-hours
worked category, “with a job but not at work.” These are
persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire
week for reasons such as bad weather, vacation, illness, or
involvement in a labor dispute. To differentiate a person’s
normal schedule from his or her activity during the survey
reference week, persons also are classified according to
their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time
workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more (at
all jobs combined) per week. This group includes some
individuals who worked less than 35 hours in the reference
week for either economic or noneconomic reasons and
those who were temporarily absent from work. Similarly,
part-time workers are those who usually work less than
35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number
of hours worked in the reference week. This may include
some individuals who actually worked more than 34
hours in the reference week, as well as those who were
temporarily absent from work.
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W O M E N I N T H E L A B O R F O R C E : A D ATA B O O K
Occupation and industry. This information applies to the job
held during the reference week. Persons with two or more
jobs are classified in the occupation and industry at which
they worked the greatest number of hours. CPS data use
the Census occupational classification, based on the 2010
Standard Occupation Classification (SOC), and the Census
industry classification, derived from the 2007 North American
Industry Classification System (NAICS). Additional
information about these classifications is available online at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsoccind.htm.
Work experience. These data reflect work activity during
the calendar year and are obtained from the Annual
Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC) to the CPS.
Estimates of persons who worked were based on “yes”
responses to the following questions in the ASEC: “Did
you work at a job or business at any time during [the
survey reference year]?” or “Did you do any temporary,
part-time, or seasonal work even for a few days during
[the survey reference year]?” Since the reference period is
a full year, the number of persons with some employment
or unemployment greatly exceeds the average levels for
any given month, which are based on a 1-week reference
period, and the corresponding annual averages of monthly
estimates.
Workers paid at or below the Federal minimum wage.
The estimates of the numbers of workers with reported
earnings at or below the federal minimum wage pertain
only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried
workers and other workers who are not paid by the hour
are not included, even though some have earnings that,
if converted to hourly rates, would be at or below the
minimum wage. Research has shown, however, that the
degree of understatement is small. BLS does not routinely
estimate the hourly earnings of workers not paid by the
hour because of data quality concerns associated with such
an estimation process.
The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the
minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of
the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), because there are a
number of exemptions to the minimum-wage provisions
of the law. In addition, some workers might have rounded
their hourly earnings in response to survey questions. As
a result, some might have reported hourly earnings below
the minimum wage when, in fact, they earned the minimum
wage or higher.
Poverty classification. Poverty statistics presented in
this report are based on definitions developed by the
Social Security Administration in 1964 and revised by
Federal interagency committees in 1969 and 1981. These
definitions originally were based on the Department
of Agriculture’s Economy Food Plan and reflected the
different consumption requirements of families based on
factors such as family size and the number of children
under 18 years of age. The actual poverty thresholds vary
in accordance with the makeup of the family. Poverty
thresholds are updated each year to reflect changes in the
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U).
The thresholds do not vary geographically. For more
information on poverty data and thresholds, see http://
www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/poverty.html.
Displaced workers. Displaced workers are wage and
salary workers 20 years of age and older who lost or left
jobs because their plant or company closed or moved,
there was insufficient work for them to do, or their
position or shift was abolished. Data are often presented
for long-tenured displaced workers—those who had
worked for their employer for 3 or more years at the
time of displacement. All self-employed workers are
excluded, both those with incorporated businesses and
those with unincorporated businesses. Data are collected
through a supplement to the January Current Population
Survey (CPS).
Employee tenure. This is a measure of how long wage
and salary workers had been with their current employer
at the time of the survey. Tenure is presented in median
years; the median is the point at which half of all workers
had more tenure and half had less tenure. Data refer to
the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers.
All self-employed workers are excluded, both those with
incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated
businesses. The data are collected through a supplement to
the January Current Population Survey (CPS).
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Foreign born. The foreign born are persons residing in
the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That
is, they were born outside the United States or one of its
outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents
neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The foreign-born
population includes legally-admitted immigrants, refugees,
temporary residents such as students and temporary
workers, and undocumented immigrants. The survey data,
however, do not separately identify the number of persons
in these categories. The native born are persons born in the
United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto
Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one
parent who was a U.S. citizen.
physical, mental, or emotional conditions that cause
serious difficulty with daily activities. Persons are
classified as having a disability if there is a response of
“yes” to any of these questions. Each of the questions ask
the respondent whether anyone in the household has the
condition described, and if the respondent replies “yes,”
they are then asked to identify everyone in the household
who has the condition. More information, including the
wording of the six questions used to identify persons
with a disability, is available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/
demographics.htm#disability.
Union membership. Union membership refers to members
of a labor union or an employee association similar
to a union. The data are tabulated from one-quarter of
the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and
salary workers. All self-employed workers are excluded,
both those with incorporated businesses and those with
unincorporated businesses.
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling
and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than an
entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the true population
values they represent. The component of this difference
that occurs because samples differ by chance is known
as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from
the true population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of
confidence.
Veterans. Veterans are men and women 18 years or older
who previously served on active duty in the U.S. Armed
Forces and who were civilians at the time they were
surveyed. Members of the Reserve and National Guard
are counted as veterans if they had ever been called to
active duty. Persons who are on active duty at the time
of the survey are outside the scope of the survey and
thus not in the estimates shown here, as are persons who
reside in institutions, such as nursing homes and prisons.
Nonveterans are men and women who never served on
active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veteran status is
obtained from responses to the question, “Did you ever
serve on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces?”
Disability. The CPS uses a set of six questions to identify
persons with disabilities. The questions inquire about
104
Reliability of the estimates
All other types of error are referred to as nonsampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,
including the failure to sample a segment of the population,
inability to obtain information for all respondents in
the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of data.
More information on the reliability of data from the CPS and
estimating standard errors is available at http://www.bls.gov/
cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
BLS Reports │ February 2013 • www.bls.gov