U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
N O V E M B E R
2 0 1 5 R E P O R T
1 0 5 7
Labor Force Characteristics by
Race and Ethnicity, 2014
I
n 2014, the overall unemployment rate for the United States
was 6.2 percent; however, the rate varied across race and
ethnicity groups. Among the race groups, the rates were
higher for Blacks (11.3 percent), American Indians and Alaska
Natives (11.3 percent), and people of Two or More Races (10.2
percent) than for Asians (5.0 percent), Whites (5.3 percent), and
Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (6.1 percent). The
jobless rate for people of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity was 7.4
percent, higher than the rate of 5.9 percent for non-Hispanics.
Labor market differences among the race and ethnicity
groups are associated with many factors, not all of which are
measurable. These factors include variations across the groups
in educational attainment; the occupations and industries in
which the groups work; the geographic areas of the country
in which the groups are concentrated, including whether they
tend to reside in urban or rural settings; and the degree of
discrimination encountered in the workplace.
This report describes the labor force characteristics and
earnings patterns among the largest race and ethnicity
groups living in the United States—Whites, Blacks, Asians,
and Hispanics—and provides detailed data through a set of
supporting tables. The report also includes a limited amount
of data for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native
Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders, people who are of Two
or More Races, detailed Asian groups, and detailed Hispanic
ethnicity. Recent editions of this report have included the
following detailed Hispanic ethnicity categories: Mexican,
Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, and Other
Hispanic or Latino. This year, the latter two categories have
been expanded into five additional categories—Salvadoran,
Other Central American, South American, Dominican, and
Other Hispanic or Latino. Due to their relatively small sample
sizes, estimates for these additional groups are not included in
all tables.
The data are obtained from the Current Population Survey
(CPS), a monthly survey of 60,000 households that is a rich
CONTENTS
Overview............................................................................. 1
Composition of the labor force........................................... 2
Labor force participation..................................................... 2
Employment........................................................................ 3
Educational attainment........................................................ 3
Occupation and industry..................................................... 4
Families and mothers.......................................................... 6
Unemployment and not in the labor force.......................... 6
Earnings.............................................................................. 7
Statistical Tables................................................................. 8
Technical Notes................................................................. 58
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Chart 1. Labor force participation rates by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Percent
100
90
80
70
62.9
63.1
61.2
Total
White
Black or African
American
63.6
60
67.6
60.9
64.2
66.1
Two or More Races
Hispanic or Latino
50
40
30
20
10
0
Asian
American Indian
and Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian
and Other
Pacific Islander
Note: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
source of information on the labor force. For definitions of
terms and concepts used in this report, see the technical
notes. Additional information about the CPS can be found
at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
The following sections highlight some of the major
findings on the labor force characteristics of race and
ethnicity groups in 2014.
Composition of the labor force
By race, Whites made up the majority of the labor force
(79 percent). Blacks and Asians made up an additional 12
percent and 6 percent, respectively. American Indians and
Alaska Natives made up 1 percent of the labor force, while
Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders made up less
than 1 percent. People of Two or More Races made up 2
percent of the labor force. (See table 1.)
Among Asians participating in the labor force, the largest
group was Chinese, making up 22 percent of all Asians.
Asian Indians made up 21 percent, followed by Filipinos
(17 percent), Vietnamese (10 percent), Koreans (9 percent),
and Japanese (5 percent). The remainder—17 percent—
were classified as Other Asian, which includes individuals
who reported an Asian group not listed above—such
as Pakistani, Cambodian, and Hmong—and those who
reported two or more Asian groups. (See table 2.)
2
Sixteen percent of the labor force were people of Hispanic or
Latino ethnicity. People of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity may
be of any race. The majority of Hispanics (89 percent) in the
labor force were White, 4 percent were Black, and 1 percent
were Asian. (See table 2.) By detailed ethnicity, the majority of
Hispanics in the labor force were Mexican (62 percent). Central
Americans—which includes Salvadorans and Other Central
Americans (excluding Salvadorans)—made up 10 percent.
Eight percent of Hispanics were Puerto Rican, 7 percent were
South American, and 4 percent were Cuban. An additional
9 percent were classified as Other Hispanics or Latinos—
which includes Dominicans and Other Hispanics or Latinos
(excluding Dominicans).
Labor force participation
Among the race and ethnicity groups, Native Hawaiians and
Other Pacific Islanders (67.6 percent) and Hispanics (66.1
percent) had the highest labor force participation rates, while
American Indians and Alaska Natives (60.9 percent) and
Blacks (61.2 percent) had the lowest participation rates. The
participation rates were 63.6 percent for Asians, 63.1 percent
for Whites, and 64.2 percent for people of Two or More Races.
(See tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 and chart 1.)
Among adult men (age 20 and older) in the largest race and
ethnicity groups, Hispanics (81.0 percent) were more likely
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Chart 2. Educational attainment of the labor force age 25 and older by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Less than a high school diploma
Associate's degree
White
8
Black or African American
8
Asian
6
Hispanic or Latino
High school graduates, no college
Bachelor's degree and higher
10
60
7
15
30
28
0
20
27
11
22
31
17
38
11
16
27
Some college, no degree
40
60
19
8
80
100
Percent
Notes: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
to participate in the labor force than were the other groups,
while Blacks (67.3 percent) were the least likely. The labor
force participation rate for Asian men (75.8 percent) was
higher than the rate for White men (72.2 percent). Among
adult women, Blacks (61.6 percent) were more likely than
Hispanics (58.7 percent), Asians (58.0 percent), and Whites
(57.9 percent) to participate in the labor force. (See table 3.)
Employment
The employment–population ratio (that is, the proportion
of the population that is employed) ranged from 54.0
percent for American Indians and Alaska Natives to 63.5
percent for Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders.
The employment–population ratio was 54.3 percent for
Blacks, 57.6 percent for individuals of Two or More Races,
59.7 percent for Whites, 60.4 percent for Asians, and 61.2
percent for Hispanics. (See tables 1, 2, 3, and 5.)
Among adult men (age 20 and older) in the largest race
and ethnicity groups, Hispanics (76.0 percent) continued
to have the highest employment–population ratio. Blacks
(59.7 percent) had the lowest employment–population ratio,
continuing a longstanding pattern. The employment–
population ratios for Asian men and White men were
71.9 percent and 68.7 percent, respectively. Among adult
women, the employment–population ratios were 55.6
percent for Blacks, 55.4 percent for Asians, 55.1 percent for
Whites, and 54.3 percent for Hispanics. (See table 3).
Among teenagers age 16 to 19, the employment–population
ratio was higher for Whites than for Hispanics, Asians, or
Blacks. The ratio for White teens (29.9 percent) was about 12
percentage points higher than the ratio for Black teens (18.2
percent) and Asian teens (18.1 percent) and about 6 percentage
points higher than the ratio for Hispanic teens (23.5 percent).
Educational attainment
Among people age 25 and older, the share of the labor
force with at least a high school diploma was over 90
percent for Whites, Blacks, and Asians. By contrast, 72
percent of Hispanics in the labor force had completed high
school. Asians were the most likely of the groups to have
graduated from college; 60 percent of Asians in the labor
force had a bachelor’s degree or higher, compared with 38
percent of Whites, 27 percent of Blacks, and 19 percent of
Hispanics. (See table 6 and chart 2.)
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Chart 3. Employed people by occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Percent of employed
100
21
Management, professional,
and related
30
80
39
Service
51
26
60
25
Sales and office
16
17
40
24
23
20
21
19
16
Natural resources,
construction, and
maintenance
16
Production, transportation,
and material moving
6
10
16
11
3
10
0
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino
Notes: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
For all major race and ethnicity groups, higher levels of
education are generally associated with a greater likelihood
of employment and a lower likelihood of unemployment.
Nonetheless, at nearly every level of education, Blacks and
Hispanics were more likely to be unemployed than were
Whites and Asians. (See table 6.)
Individuals with higher levels of education are typically
more likely to be employed in higher-paying jobs—
such as those in management, professional, and related
occupations—than are individuals with less education.
For those age 25 and older, median earnings for all major
race and ethnicity groups increased with educational
attainment. However, Blacks and Hispanics generally
had lower earnings than Whites and Asians at nearly all
educational attainment levels. (See table 17.)
Occupation and industry
Occupational categories. Fifty-one percent of Asians
worked in management, professional, and related
4
occupations—the highest paying major occupational
category—compared with 39 percent of employed Whites,
30 percent of employed Blacks, and 21 percent of employed
Hispanics. (See table 7 and chart 3.)
Among employed men, 53 percent of Asians worked
in management, professional, and related occupations,
compared with 36 percent of Whites, 24 percent of Blacks,
and 17 percent of Hispanics. About 2 in 10 employed Black
and Hispanic men were employed in service occupations,
whereas about 1 in 10 employed Asian and White men
worked in these occupations. Employed Black and
Hispanic men were also more likely than White and Asian
men to work in production, transportation, and material
moving occupations. Twenty-six percent of employed
Hispanic men worked in natural resources, construction,
and maintenance occupations, compared with 18 percent
of White men, 12 percent of Black men, and 6 percent of
Asian men.
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Chart 4. Unemployment rates by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Percent
20
15
11.3
11.3
10.2
10
7.4
6.2
6.1
5.3
5.0
5
0
Total
White
Black or African
American
Asian
American Indian
and Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian Two or More Races Hispanic or Latino
and Other Pacific
Islander
Note: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Employed Asian and White women were more likely
than other employed women to work in management,
professional, and related occupations—49 percent of Asian
women and 43 percent of White women, compared with
35 percent of Black women and 26 percent of Hispanic
women. Among employed women, 63 percent of Hispanics
worked in two job groups—service occupations and sales
and office occupations—compared with 57 percent of
Blacks, 51 percent of Whites, and 44 percent of Asians.
Hispanics accounted for 16 percent of total employment
but were overrepresented by a substantial amount in several
detailed occupational categories, including miscellaneous
agricultural workers (49 percent), maids and housekeeping
cleaners (44 percent), and grounds maintenance workers
(44 percent). Blacks made up 11 percent of all employed
workers, but accounted for one-quarter or more of
those in several specific occupations, including nursing,
psychiatric, and home health aides (36 percent); security
guards and gaming surveillance officers (30 percent), and
bus drivers (26 percent). Asians accounted for 6 percent
of all employed workers but made up a much larger share
of workers in several occupation categories, including
miscellaneous personal appearance workers (55 percent),
software developers (32 percent), and physicians and
surgeons (21 percent). Whites made up 80 percent of all
employed people, but accounted for 96 percent of farmers,
ranchers, and other agricultural managers; 93 percent of
construction managers; and 91 percent of chief executives.
(See table 8.)
Industry. Among employed men, Hispanics were more
likely to work in the construction industry (19 percent) than
were Whites (13 percent), Blacks (7 percent), or Asians (4
percent). Employed Black men were more likely than other
employed men to work in transportation and utilities (12
percent). Eighteen percent of employed Asian men worked
in professional and business services, higher than the shares
of Whites (13 percent), Hispanic (12 percent), and Black
men (11 percent). A large share of employed women in all
race and ethnicity groups worked in education and health
services—Blacks (41 percent), Whites (35 percent), Asians
(31 percent), and Hispanics (29 percent). (See table 9.)
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Chart 5. Unemployment rates by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1973–2014 annual averages
Percent
Black
Hispanic
White
Asian
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
Notes: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Data for Asians only available since 2000.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Families and mothers
Among Asian families, 89 percent had an employed family
member, compared with 86 percent of Hispanic families
and 80 percent of White families. Black families were
the least likely to have an employed family member (76
percent). (See table 10.)
Women without a spouse present maintained 44 percent of
Black families and 26 percent of Hispanic families. Women
without a spouse present maintained about 16 percent of
White families and 12 percent of Asian families. Among
families maintained by women without a spouse present,
Asian families were the most likely to have an employed
family member (82 percent), while Black families were
least likely to have an employed family member (71
percent). Seventy-six percent of Hispanic and White
families that were maintained by women had at least one
employed family member. In general, families maintained
by women without a spouse present are less likely to have
6
an employed family member than married-couple families
and families maintained by men.
Among mothers with children under 18, Black mothers
(75.4 percent) were more likely to be in the labor force than
White (69.8 percent), Asian (64.3 percent), or Hispanic
(62.0 percent) mothers. (See table 11.)
Unemployment and not in the labor
force
Unemployment. Jobless rates varied considerably by race
and ethnicity. Blacks (11.3 percent), American Indians and
Alaska Natives (11.3 percent), and individuals of Two or
More Races (10.2 percent) had higher unemployment rates
than Asians (5.0 percent), Whites (5.3 percent), and Native
Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders (6.1 percent). The
unemployment rate was 7.4 percent for Hispanics. (See
tables 1, 2, 3, and 12 and charts 4 and 5.)
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Among the largest race and ethnicity groups, the jobless
rates for adult Black men and women (age 20 and older)
were 11.3 percent and 9.8 percent, respectively. The
unemployment rate for adult Hispanic men was 6.1
percent, and the rate for adult Hispanic women was 7.5
percent. In comparison, the jobless rate for adult White
men was 4.9 percent, and the rate for adult White women
was 4.8 percent. For adult Asian men and women, the
unemployment rates were 5.1 percent and 4.5 percent,
respectively. (See table 3.)
Among teenagers, Blacks had the highest unemployment
rate—33.0 percent. The unemployment rates for Hispanic,
White, and Asian teenagers were 22.5 percent, 17.3 percent,
and 14.0 percent, respectively.
Unemployed Blacks and Asians experienced longer periods
of unemployment than did Whites and Hispanics. The
median duration of unemployment for Blacks and Asians
was 19.5 weeks and 16.3 weeks, respectively, compared
with 12.9 weeks for Whites and 12.4 weeks for Hispanics.
(See table 13.)
Of the 9.6 million unemployed people, 51 percent (4.9
million) were job losers (that is, workers who lost their
jobs or who completed temporary jobs). Reentrants to the
labor force (29 percent), new entrants (11 percent), and job
leavers (9 percent) constituted the balance of unemployed
people. Of the total unemployed for each large race and
ethnicity group, 53 percent of Whites and 50 percent of
Hispanics were job losers, compared with 47 percent
of Blacks and 46 percent of Asians. Fifteen percent of
unemployed Asians, 13 percent of unemployed Blacks,
13 percent of unemployed Hispanics, and 10 percent of
unemployed Whites were new entrants to the labor force.
(See table 14.)
Not in the labor force. Blacks made up 12 percent of the
civilian labor force, but 23 percent of people marginally
attached to the labor force. People marginally attached to
the labor force are individuals who were not in the labor
force, wanted to work and were available to work, and had
looked for a job sometime in the previous 12 months—but
not in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Hispanics and
Asians were represented among the marginally attached
nearly proportionately to their share of the labor force.
Whites were underrepresented among the marginally
attached relative to their share of the labor force—79
percent of the labor force versus 67 percent of the
marginally attached. Blacks also made up a high proportion
of discouraged workers (26 percent) relative to their share
of the labor force. Discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached, are people not currently looking for
work because they believe no jobs are available for them.
(See table 15.)
Earnings
Among the major race and ethnicity groups, Hispanics and
Blacks continued to have considerably lower earnings than
Whites and Asians. The median usual weekly earnings
of full-time wage and salary workers were $594 for
Hispanics and $639 for Blacks, compared with $816 for
Whites and $953 for Asians. Among men, the earnings for
Whites ($897), Blacks ($680), and Hispanics ($616) were
83 percent, 63 percent, and 57 percent, respectively, of
the earnings of Asians ($1,080). The median earnings of
White women ($734), Black women ($611), and Hispanic
women ($548) were 87 percent, 73 percent, and 65 percent,
respectively, of the earnings of Asian women ($841). (See
table 16.)
Men. The earnings disparity across the major race and
ethnicity groups for men holds for nearly all major
occupational groups. For example, median usual weekly
earnings of Asian men ($1,516) and White men ($1,356)
working full time in management, professional, and related
occupations (the highest paying major occupation group)
were well above the earnings of Hispanic men ($1,107) and
Black men ($1,012) in the same occupation group. (See
table 18.)
Women. Median weekly earnings for women by race
and ethnicity groups were fairly close across a number
of occupations. For example, among women in service
occupations, the earnings were $479 for Asians, $465
for Blacks, $458 for Whites, and $416 for Hispanics.
By contrast, in management, professional, and related
occupations, the earnings of Asian women were higher than
those for women in other race and ethnicity groups.
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Statistical Tables
8
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Table 1. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and older by gender and race, 2014 annual
averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Gender and race
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
Percent of
population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Percent of
Total
population
Not in
Unemployed
Percent of labor force
Total
labor force
Total…………...……………………………………………… 247,947
Men………………………………………………………… 119,748
Women…………………………………………………… 128,199
155,922
82,882
73,039
62.9
69.2
57.0
146,305
77,692
68,613
59.0
64.9
53.5
9,617
5,190
4,426
6.2
6.3
6.1
92,025
36,865
55,159
White... …………………………………………………..…… 195,498
95,513
Men…………………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………………
99,984
123,327
66,680
56,648
63.1
69.8
56.7
116,788
63,108
53,680
59.7
66.1
53.7
6,540
3,572
2,968
5.3
5.4
5.2
72,170
28,834
43,337
Black or African American…………………………………
Men…………………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………………
30,843
13,997
16,846
18,873
8,909
9,964
61.2
63.6
59.2
16,732
7,818
8,915
54.3
55.9
52.9
2,141
1,091
1,050
11.3
12.2
10.5
11,970
5,089
6,881
Asian…………………………………………………………
Men…………………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………………
13,785
6,420
7,365
8,760
4,648
4,112
63.6
72.4
55.8
8,325
4,403
3,922
60.4
68.6
53.3
436
246
190
5.0
5.3
4.6
5,024
1,771
3,253
American Indian and Alaska Native………………………
Men…………………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………………
2,633
1,302
1,331
1,602
874
728
60.9
67.2
54.7
1,421
770
651
54.0
59.2
48.9
181
104
77
11.3
11.9
10.6
1,031
428
603
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander………………
Men…………………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………………
847
418
429
572
308
264
67.6
73.8
61.6
537
291
246
63.5
69.6
57.5
35
17
18
6.1
5.7
6.6
274
110
165
Two or More Races…………………………………………
Men…………………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………………
4,342
2,098
2,245
2,787
1,463
1,324
64.2
69.7
59.0
2,502
1,303
1,199
57.6
62.1
53.4
285
160
125
10.2
10.9
9.5
1,555
635
920
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and older by detailed Asian group, and Hispanic or
Latino and non-Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, gender, and race, 2014 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Percent of
labor force
Total
Not in
labor force
Total………………………………………………………
Men……………………………………………………
Women…………………………………………………
247,947
119,748
128,199
155,922
82,882
73,039
62.9
69.2
57.0
146,305
77,692
68,613
59.0
64.9
53.5
9,617
5,190
4,426
6.2
6.3
6.1
92,025
36,865
55,159
Asian……………………………………………………
Men……………………………………………………
Women…………………………………………………
13,785
6,420
7,365
8,760
4,648
4,112
63.6
72.4
55.8
8,325
4,403
3,922
60.4
68.6
53.3
436
246
190
5.0
5.3
4.6
5,024
1,771
3,253
Asian Indian……………………………………………
Chinese………………………………………………
Filipino…………………………………………………
Japanese………………………………………………
Korean…………………………………………………
Vietnamese……………………………………………
Other Asian……………………………………………
2,657
3,069
2,201
777
1,275
1,427
2,379
1,797
1,920
1,482
434
770
892
1,463
67.6
62.6
67.4
55.9
60.4
62.5
61.5
1,727
1,821
1,410
424
724
844
1,374
65.0
59.3
64.1
54.6
56.8
59.2
57.8
70
100
72
10
46
48
89
3.9
5.2
4.9
2.3
6.0
5.4
6.1
860
1,148
718
343
504
535
916
Hispanic or Latino………………………………………
Men……………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
38,400
19,244
19,156
25,370
14,651
10,720
66.1
76.1
56.0
23,492
13,655
9,838
61.2
71.0
51.4
1,878
996
882
7.4
6.8
8.2
13,030
4,593
8,437
Mexican……………..…………………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
23,829
12,150
11,679
15,768
9,339
6,429
66.2
76.9
55.0
14,629
8,741
5,888
61.4
71.9
50.4
1,139
598
541
7.2
6.4
8.4
8,061
2,811
5,250
Puerto Rican……….…………………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
3,515
1,699
1,816
2,114
1,140
974
60.1
67.1
53.7
1,891
1,014
876
53.8
59.7
48.3
224
126
98
10.6
11.0
10.1
1,401
559
842
Cuban………….………………………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
1,659
828
830
1,009
561
448
60.8
67.7
53.9
950
533
417
57.3
64.4
50.2
59
28
31
5.8
4.9
6.9
650
268
383
Central American………….…………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
3,579
1,886
1,693
2,628
1,615
1,014
73.4
85.6
59.9
2,448
1,509
940
68.4
80.0
55.5
180
106
74
6.9
6.6
7.3
951
272
679
Salvadoran………….………………………………
Men………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
1,438
712
727
1,075
611
465
74.8
85.8
64.0
1,005
571
434
69.9
80.2
59.8
71
40
31
6.6
6.5
6.6
363
101
262
Other Central American1………….………………
Men………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
2,141
1,175
966
1,553
1,004
549
72.5
85.5
56.8
1,443
938
506
67.4
79.8
52.3
110
66
44
7.1
6.6
7.9
588
171
417
South American………….……………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
2,393
1,109
1,284
1,672
873
799
69.9
78.7
62.2
1,567
825
741
65.5
74.4
57.7
106
48
58
6.3
5.5
7.2
721
236
485
Other Hispanic or Latino………….…………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
3,425
1,571
1,854
2,179
1,123
1,056
63.6
71.5
56.9
2,008
1,032
976
58.6
65.7
52.6
171
91
80
7.9
8.1
7.6
1,246
448
798
Dominican………….………………………………
Men………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
1,379
587
792
896
420
476
65.0
71.5
60.2
818
381
437
59.4
65.0
55.2
78
39
39
8.7
9.2
8.3
482
167
315
Other Hispanic or Latino 2………….………………
Men………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
2,047
984
1,062
1,283
704
579
62.7
71.5
54.5
1,189
651
539
58.1
66.1
50.7
93
53
41
7.3
7.5
7.0
764
281
483
See footnotes at end of table.
10
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 2. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and older by detailed Asian group, and Hispanic or
Latino and non-Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, gender, and race, 2014 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Hispanic or Latino…………………..…………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Percent of
labor force
Total
Not in
labor force
38,400
19,244
19,156
25,370
14,651
10,720
66.1
76.1
56.0
23,492
13,655
9,838
61.2
71.0
51.4
1,878
996
882
7.4
6.8
8.2
13,030
4,593
8,437
White Hispanic or Latino...…………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
34,305
17,236
17,068
22,666
13,165
9,501
66.1
76.4
55.7
21,042
12,308
8,734
61.3
71.4
51.2
1,624
857
767
7.2
6.5
8.1
11,638
4,072
7,567
Black Hispanic or Latino…...………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
1,756
789
967
1,131
560
571
64.4
71.0
59.0
1,018
503
516
58.0
63.8
53.4
113
57
56
10.0
10.2
9.8
625
230
395
Asian Hispanic or Latino...…………………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
317
163
154
224
120
104
70.7
73.6
67.5
206
113
93
65.0
69.3
60.4
19
8
11
8.5
6.7
10.6
92
42
50
Non-Hispanic or Latino…………………..……………
Men…………………………………………………
Women………………………………………………
209,546
100,504
109,042
130,552
68,232
62,320
62.3
67.9
57.2
122,813
64,038
58,775
58.6
63.7
53.9
7,739
4,194
3,545
5.9
6.1
5.7
78,995
32,272
46,723
White non-Hispanic or Latino...…………………… 161,193
Men………………………………………………… 78,277
82,916
Women……………………………………………
100,661
53,515
47,147
62.4
68.4
56.9
95,746
50,800
44,946
59.4
64.9
54.2
4,916
2,715
2,201
4.9
5.1
4.7
60,532
24,762
35,770
Black non-Hispanic or Latino…...…………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
29,087
13,208
15,879
17,742
8,349
9,393
61.0
63.2
59.2
15,714
7,315
8,399
54.0
55.4
52.9
2,028
1,034
994
11.4
12.4
10.6
11,345
4,859
6,486
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino...……………………
Men…………………………………………………
Women……………………………………………
13,468
6,257
7,211
8,536
4,528
4,008
63.4
72.4
55.6
8,119
4,290
3,829
60.3
68.6
53.1
417
238
179
4.9
5.3
4.5
4,932
1,729
3,203
1
Excludes Salvadoran
Excludes Dominican
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, and Asian non-Hispanic) do not sum to totals because
data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov11 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by gender, age, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
2014 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor force
Total
Total, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
247,947
16,633
231,314
22,079
124,511
39,764
44,959
155,922
5,654
150,268
15,641
100,767
25,502
8,358
62.9
34.0
65.0
70.8
80.9
64.1
18.6
146,305
4,548
141,757
13,894
95,497
24,395
7,971
59.0
27.3
61.3
62.9
76.7
61.4
17.7
9,617
1,106
8,511
1,747
5,270
1,107
387
6.2
19.6
5.7
11.2
5.2
4.3
4.6
92,025
10,979
81,045
6,438
23,744
14,262
36,602
Men, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
119,748
8,449
111,299
11,067
61,149
19,116
19,967
82,882
2,827
80,056
8,182
53,925
13,361
4,587
69.2
33.5
71.9
73.9
88.2
69.9
23.0
77,692
2,222
75,471
7,187
51,146
12,762
4,377
64.9
26.3
67.8
64.9
83.6
66.8
21.9
5,190
605
4,585
996
2,779
600
210
6.3
21.4
5.7
12.2
5.2
4.5
4.6
36,865
5,622
31,243
2,885
7,224
5,755
15,380
Women, 16 years and older……………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
128,199
8,184
120,014
11,012
63,362
20,648
24,992
73,039
2,827
70,212
7,459
46,842
12,141
3,771
57.0
34.5
58.5
67.7
73.9
58.8
15.1
68,613
2,326
66,287
6,707
44,351
11,634
3,594
53.5
28.4
55.2
60.9
70.0
56.3
14.4
4,426
501
3,926
751
2,490
507
177
6.1
17.7
5.6
10.1
5.3
4.2
4.7
55,159
5,357
49,802
3,554
16,520
8,507
21,221
Total, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
195,498
12,377
183,121
16,329
95,984
32,450
38,358
123,327
4,476
118,851
11,927
78,537
21,181
7,207
63.1
36.2
64.9
73.0
81.8
65.3
18.8
116,788
3,701
113,087
10,842
74,992
20,351
6,902
59.7
29.9
61.8
66.4
78.1
62.7
18.0
6,540
775
5,764
1,084
3,545
829
305
5.3
17.3
4.9
9.1
4.5
3.9
4.2
72,170
7,901
64,269
4,402
17,447
11,270
31,150
Men, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
95,513
6,321
89,193
8,250
47,925
15,794
17,224
66,680
2,250
64,430
6,309
42,845
11,266
4,011
69.8
35.6
72.2
76.5
89.4
71.3
23.3
63,108
1,819
61,289
5,681
40,945
10,817
3,847
66.1
28.8
68.7
68.9
85.4
68.5
22.3
3,572
431
3,141
628
1,900
449
164
5.4
19.2
4.9
9.9
4.4
4.0
4.1
28,834
4,071
24,763
1,941
5,080
4,528
13,213
Women, 16 years and older……………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
99,984
6,056
93,928
8,079
48,059
16,656
21,134
56,648
2,226
54,421
5,618
35,692
9,915
3,196
56.7
36.8
57.9
69.5
74.3
59.5
15.1
53,680
1,882
51,798
5,161
34,047
9,535
3,055
53.7
31.1
55.1
63.9
70.8
57.2
14.5
2,968
344
2,623
457
1,645
380
141
5.2
15.5
4.8
8.1
4.6
3.8
4.4
43,337
3,830
39,507
2,461
12,367
6,741
17,937
White
See note at end of table.
12
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by gender, age, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
2014 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor force
Black or African American
Total, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
30,843
2,508
28,335
3,460
16,287
4,573
4,015
18,873
681
18,192
2,305
12,712
2,528
648
61.2
27.2
64.2
66.6
78.1
55.3
16.1
16,732
456
16,276
1,839
11,498
2,342
596
54.3
18.2
57.4
53.2
70.6
51.2
14.9
2,141
225
1,916
466
1,214
186
51
11.3
33.0
10.5
20.2
9.5
7.3
7.9
11,970
1,827
10,143
1,155
3,575
2,045
3,367
Men, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
13,997
1,246
12,751
1,675
7,401
2,062
1,613
8,909
323
8,586
1,138
5,975
1,176
297
63.6
25.9
67.3
67.9
80.7
57.0
18.4
7,818
205
7,613
887
5,373
1,081
272
55.9
16.4
59.7
52.9
72.6
52.4
16.9
1,091
118
973
251
602
95
25
12.2
36.5
11.3
22.1
10.1
8.0
8.5
5,089
923
4,165
537
1,426
886
1,316
Women, 16 years and older……………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
16,846
1,262
15,584
1,785
8,886
2,511
2,402
9,964
358
9,606
1,167
6,737
1,352
351
59.2
28.4
61.6
65.4
75.8
53.8
14.6
8,915
252
8,663
952
6,126
1,261
325
52.9
19.9
55.6
53.3
68.9
50.2
13.5
1,050
106
943
215
611
91
26
10.5
29.7
9.8
18.4
9.1
6.7
7.4
6,881
904
5,978
618
2,149
1,159
2,052
Total, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
13,785
821
12,963
1,222
8,001
1,878
1,862
8,760
173
8,587
664
6,270
1,293
361
63.6
21.0
66.2
54.3
78.4
68.9
19.4
8,325
149
8,176
587
6,015
1,232
342
60.4
18.1
63.1
48.0
75.2
65.6
18.4
436
24
411
76
255
61
19
5.0
14.0
4.8
11.5
4.1
4.7
5.2
5,024
648
4,376
559
1,731
584
1,501
Men, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
6,420
397
6,023
627
3,744
846
807
4,648
85
4,564
356
3,342
663
202
72.4
21.3
75.8
56.8
89.3
78.4
25.1
4,403
70
4,333
310
3,208
625
190
68.6
17.6
71.9
49.4
85.7
73.9
23.6
246
15
231
47
134
38
12
5.3
17.6
5.1
13.1
4.0
5.8
5.9
1,771
312
1,459
271
401
183
605
Women, 16 years and older……………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
7,365
424
6,940
595
4,257
1,032
1,056
4,112
88
4,024
307
2,927
630
159
55.8
20.8
58.0
51.6
68.8
61.1
15.0
3,922
79
3,843
277
2,807
607
152
53.3
18.6
55.4
46.6
65.9
58.8
14.4
190
9
180
30
121
23
7
4.6
10.5
4.5
9.7
4.1
3.6
4.4
3,253
336
2,917
288
1,330
402
897
Asian
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov13 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 3. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by gender, age, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
2014 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Age, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Employed
Total
Percent of
population
Total
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Total
Percent of
labor force
Not in
labor force
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
38,400
3,662
34,738
4,642
22,639
3,989
3,467
25,370
1,109
24,261
3,315
17,895
2,460
591
66.1
30.3
69.8
71.4
79.0
61.7
17.0
23,492
859
22,633
2,947
16,816
2,313
557
61.2
23.5
65.2
63.5
74.3
58.0
16.1
1,878
250
1,628
368
1,079
147
33
7.4
22.5
6.7
11.1
6.0
6.0
5.7
13,030
2,553
10,477
1,327
4,744
1,529
2,876
Men, 16 years and older………………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
19,244
1,873
17,371
2,389
11,563
1,920
1,499
14,651
584
14,066
1,862
10,476
1,399
329
76.1
31.2
81.0
77.9
90.6
72.9
21.9
13,655
453
13,202
1,655
9,922
1,317
307
71.0
24.2
76.0
69.3
85.8
68.6
20.5
996
132
864
207
554
82
22
6.8
22.5
6.1
11.1
5.3
5.9
6.6
4,593
1,288
3,305
527
1,087
521
1,170
Women, 16 years and older……………
16 to 19 years…………………………
20 years and older……………………
20 to 24 years…………………………
25 to 54 years…………………………
55 to 64 years…………………………
65 years and older……………………
19,156
1,790
17,367
2,253
11,076
2,070
1,968
10,720
525
10,195
1,453
7,418
1,061
262
56.0
29.3
58.7
64.5
67.0
51.3
13.3
9,838
407
9,431
1,291
6,893
997
250
51.4
22.7
54.3
57.3
62.2
48.2
12.7
882
118
764
162
525
65
12
8.2
22.5
7.5
11.1
7.1
6.1
4.5
8,437
1,265
7,172
800
3,658
1,008
1,706
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
14
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 4. Labor force participation rates by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1972–2014 annual averages
(Percent)
Year
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1972….… 60.4
1973……… 60.8
1974……… 61.3
78.9
78.8
78.7
43.9
44.7
45.7
60.4
60.8
61.4
79.6
79.4
79.4
43.2
44.1
45.2
59.9
60.2
59.8
73.6
73.4
72.9
48.7
49.3
49.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
60.2
61.1
—
81.5
81.7
—
41.0
42.4
1975………
1976………
1977………
1978………
1979………
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.8
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
50.9
61.5
61.8
62.5
63.3
63.9
78.7
78.4
78.5
78.6
78.6
45.9
46.9
48.0
49.4
50.5
58.8
59.0
59.8
61.5
61.4
70.9
70.0
70.6
71.5
71.3
48.8
49.8
50.8
53.1
53.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
60.8
60.8
61.6
62.9
63.6
80.7
79.6
80.9
81.1
81.3
43.2
44.3
44.3
46.6
47.4
1980………
1981………
1982………
1983………
1984………
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.0
64.4
77.4
77.0
76.6
76.4
76.4
51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
53.6
64.1
64.3
64.3
64.3
64.6
78.2
77.9
77.4
77.1
77.1
51.2
51.9
52.4
52.7
53.3
61.0
60.8
61.0
61.5
62.2
70.3
70.0
70.1
70.6
70.8
53.1
53.5
53.7
54.2
55.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
64.0
64.1
63.6
63.8
64.9
81.4
80.6
79.7
80.3
80.6
47.4
48.3
48.1
47.7
49.7
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
64.8
65.3
65.6
65.9
66.5
76.3
76.3
76.2
76.2
76.4
54.5
55.3
56.0
56.6
57.4
65.0
65.5
65.8
66.2
66.7
77.0
76.9
76.8
76.9
77.1
54.1
55.0
55.7
56.4
57.2
62.9
63.3
63.8
63.8
64.2
70.8
71.2
71.1
71.0
71.0
56.5
56.9
58.0
58.0
58.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
64.6
65.4
66.4
67.4
67.6
80.4
81.0
81.0
81.9
82.0
49.3
50.1
52.0
53.2
53.5
1990………
1991………
1992………
1993………
1994………
66.5
66.2
66.4
66.3
66.6
76.4
75.8
75.8
75.4
75.1
57.5
57.4
57.8
57.9
58.8
66.9
66.6
66.8
66.8
67.1
77.1
76.5
76.5
76.2
75.9
57.4
57.4
57.7
58.0
58.9
64.0
63.3
63.9
63.2
63.4
71.0
70.4
70.7
69.6
69.1
58.3
57.5
58.5
57.9
58.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
67.4
66.5
66.8
66.2
66.1
81.4
80.3
80.7
80.2
79.2
53.1
52.4
52.8
52.1
52.9
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998………
1999………
66.6
66.8
67.1
67.1
67.1
75.0
74.9
75.0
74.9
74.7
58.9
59.3
59.8
59.8
60.0
67.1
67.2
67.5
67.3
67.3
75.7
75.8
75.9
75.6
75.6
59.0
59.1
59.5
59.4
59.6
63.7
64.1
64.7
65.6
65.8
69.0
68.7
68.3
69.0
68.7
59.5
60.4
61.7
62.8
63.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
65.8
66.5
67.9
67.9
67.7
79.1
79.6
80.1
79.8
79.8
52.6
53.4
55.1
55.6
55.9
2000………
2001………
2002………
2003………
2004………
67.1
66.8
66.6
66.2
66.0
74.8
74.4
74.1
73.5
73.3
59.9
59.8
59.6
59.5
59.2
67.3
67.0
66.8
66.5
66.3
75.5
75.1
74.8
74.2
74.1
59.5
59.4
59.3
59.2
58.9
65.8
65.3
64.8
64.3
63.8
69.2
68.4
68.4
67.3
66.7
63.1
62.8
61.8
61.9
61.5
67.2
67.2
67.2
66.4
65.9
76.1
76.2
75.9
75.6
75.0
59.2
59.0
59.1
58.3
57.6
69.7
69.5
69.1
68.3
68.6
81.5
81.0
80.2
80.1
80.4
57.5
57.6
57.6
55.9
56.1
2005………
2006………
2007………
2008………
2009………
66.0
66.2
66.0
66.0
65.4
73.3
73.5
73.2
73.0
72.0
59.3
59.4
59.3
59.5
59.2
66.3
66.5
66.4
66.3
65.8
74.1
74.3
74.0
73.7
72.8
58.9
59.0
59.0
59.2
59.1
64.2
64.1
63.7
63.7
62.4
67.3
67.0
66.8
66.7
65.0
61.6
61.7
61.1
61.3
60.3
66.1
66.2
66.5
67.0
66.0
74.8
75.0
75.1
75.3
74.6
58.2
58.3
58.6
59.4
58.2
68.0
68.7
68.8
68.5
68.0
80.1
80.7
80.5
80.2
78.8
55.3
56.1
56.5
56.2
56.5
2010………
2011………
2012………
2013………
2014…….
64.7
64.1
63.7
63.2
62.9
71.2
70.5
70.2
69.7
69.2
58.6
58.1
57.7
57.2
57.0
65.1
64.5
64.0
63.5
63.1
72.0
71.3
71.0
70.5
69.8
58.5
58.0
57.4
56.9
56.7
62.2
61.4
61.5
61.2
61.2
65.0
64.2
63.6
63.5
63.6
59.9
59.1
59.8
59.2
59.2
64.7
64.6
63.9
64.6
63.6
73.2
73.2
72.2
73.0
72.4
57.0
56.8
56.5
57.1
55.8
67.5
66.5
66.4
66.0
66.1
77.8
76.5
76.1
76.3
76.1
56.5
55.9
56.6
55.7
56.0
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov15 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 4. Labor force participation rates by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1972–2014 annual
averages—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Native Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander
American Indian and Alaska Native
Two or More Races
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
2003…………
2004…………
64.4
63.8
71.0
70.9
58.0
57.1
68.9
71.8
75.0
76.6
63.9
67.7
67.6
67.0
73.2
74.0
62.4
60.3
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
63.5
63.1
63.3
63.7
59.0
70.0
68.6
69.9
70.2
64.1
57.2
57.9
57.0
57.6
54.2
73.4
74.5
73.0
72.5
69.4
77.1
80.8
78.4
78.9
77.3
69.8
68.6
68.2
66.6
62.3
67.0
65.9
66.3
65.5
65.6
72.0
72.3
71.9
70.7
70.4
62.3
59.7
60.8
60.4
61.0
2010……….
2011……….
2012…….…
2013…………
2014…………
57.7
59.2
59.3
59.2
60.9
64.0
65.2
66.4
65.3
67.2
51.8
53.2
52.6
53.3
54.7
68.4
69.4
71.4
70.0
67.6
71.3
75.6
73.9
73.7
73.8
65.5
63.6
69.1
66.6
61.6
65.4
64.0
65.3
63.3
64.2
70.9
68.9
70.4
69.2
69.7
60.3
59.5
60.5
57.8
59.0
Note: Beginning in 2003, estimates for White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian and Alaska Native, and Native
Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander race groups include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than
one race group are included in the Two or More Races category. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included
in the group they identified as the main race. Asian estimates for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders; beginning in 2003,
Asian is a separate category, as is Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
16
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 5. Employment–population ratios by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1972–2014 annual averages
(Percent)
Year
Total
White
Black or African American
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1972….… 57.0
1973……… 57.8
1974……… 57.8
75.0
75.5
74.9
41.0
42.0
42.6
57.4
58.2
58.3
76.0
76.5
75.9
40.7
41.8
42.4
53.7
54.5
53.5
66.8
67.5
65.8
43.0
43.8
43.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
55.6
56.2
—
76.0
75.7
—
37.3
38.4
1975………
1976………
1977………
1978………
1979………
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
71.7
72.0
72.8
73.8
73.8
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.4
47.5
56.7
57.5
58.6
60.0
60.6
73.0
73.4
74.1
75.0
75.1
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.3
47.5
50.1
50.8
51.4
53.6
53.8
60.6
60.6
61.4
63.3
63.4
41.6
42.8
43.3
45.8
46.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
53.4
53.8
55.4
57.2
58.3
71.5
71.1
73.6
74.9
75.6
37.4
38.6
39.1
41.3
42.5
1980………
1981………
1982………
1983………
1984………
59.2
59.0
57.8
57.9
59.5
72.0
71.3
69.0
68.8
70.7
47.7
48.0
47.7
48.0
49.5
60.0
60.0
58.8
58.9
60.5
73.4
72.8
70.6
70.4
72.1
47.8
48.3
48.1
48.5
49.8
52.3
51.3
49.4
49.5
52.3
60.4
59.1
56.0
56.3
59.2
45.7
45.1
44.2
44.1
46.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
57.6
57.4
54.9
55.1
57.9
73.5
72.4
68.9
69.4
72.1
42.4
43.0
41.3
41.1
44.2
1985………
1986………
1987………
1988………
1989………
60.1
60.7
61.5
62.3
63.0
70.9
71.0
71.5
72.0
72.5
50.4
51.4
52.5
53.4
54.3
61.0
61.5
62.3
63.1
63.8
72.3
72.3
72.7
73.2
73.7
50.7
51.7
52.8
53.8
54.6
53.4
54.1
55.6
56.3
56.9
60.0
60.6
62.0
62.7
62.8
48.1
48.8
50.3
51.2
52.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
57.8
58.5
60.5
61.9
62.2
72.1
72.5
74.0
75.3
75.8
43.8
44.7
47.4
48.8
48.8
1990………
1991………
1992………
1993………
1994………
62.8
61.7
61.5
61.7
62.5
72.0
70.4
69.8
70.0
70.4
54.3
53.7
53.8
54.1
55.3
63.7
62.6
62.4
62.7
63.5
73.3
71.6
71.1
71.4
71.8
54.7
54.2
54.2
54.6
55.8
56.7
55.4
54.9
55.0
56.1
62.6
61.3
59.9
60.0
60.8
51.9
50.6
50.8
50.9
52.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
61.9
59.8
59.1
59.1
59.5
74.9
72.1
71.2
71.7
71.7
48.6
47.3
46.8
46.3
47.2
1995………
1996………
1997………
1998………
1999………
62.9
63.2
63.8
64.1
64.3
70.8
70.9
71.3
71.6
71.6
55.6
56.0
56.8
57.1
57.4
63.8
64.1
64.6
64.7
64.8
72.0
72.3
72.7
72.7
72.8
56.1
56.3
57.0
57.1
57.3
57.1
57.4
58.2
59.7
60.6
61.7
61.1
61.4
62.9
63.1
53.4
54.4
55.6
57.2
58.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
59.7
60.6
62.6
63.1
63.4
72.1
73.3
74.5
74.7
75.3
47.3
47.9
50.2
51.0
51.7
2000………
2001………
2002………
2003………
2004………
64.4
63.7
62.7
62.3
62.3
71.9
70.9
69.7
68.9
69.2
57.5
57.0
56.3
56.1
56.0
64.9
64.2
63.4
63.0
63.1
73.0
72.0
70.8
70.1
70.4
57.4
57.0
56.4
56.3
56.1
60.9
59.7
58.1
57.4
57.2
63.6
62.1
61.1
59.5
59.3
58.6
57.8
55.8
55.6
55.5
64.8
64.2
63.2
62.4
63.0
73.3
72.7
71.3
70.9
71.6
57.1
56.4
55.8
54.9
55.1
65.7
64.9
63.9
63.1
63.8
77.4
76.2
74.5
74.3
75.1
53.6
53.3
52.9
51.2
51.8
2005………
2006………
2007………
2008………
2009………
62.7
63.1
63.0
62.2
59.3
69.6
70.1
69.8
68.5
64.5
56.2
56.6
56.6
56.2
54.4
63.4
63.8
63.6
62.8
60.2
70.8
71.3
70.9
69.7
66.0
56.3
56.6
56.7
56.3
54.8
57.7
58.4
58.4
57.3
53.2
60.2
60.6
60.7
59.1
53.7
55.7
56.5
56.5
55.8
52.8
63.4
64.2
64.3
64.3
61.2
71.8
72.7
72.8
72.2
68.7
55.9
56.5
56.6
57.2
54.4
64.0
65.2
64.9
63.3
59.7
75.8
76.8
76.2
74.1
68.9
51.5
52.8
53.0
51.9
50.1
2010………
2011……
2012….....
2013………
2014…….
58.5
58.4
58.6
58.6
59.0
63.7
63.9
64.4
64.4
64.9
53.6
53.2
53.1
53.2
53.5
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.4
59.7
65.1
65.3
65.8
65.7
66.1
54.0
53.7
53.3
53.3
53.7
52.3
51.7
53.0
53.2
54.3
53.1
52.8
54.1
54.5
55.9
51.7
50.8
52.2
52.0
52.9
59.9
60.0
60.1
61.2
60.4
67.5
68.2
68.1
69.0
68.6
53.0
52.6
53.1
54.3
53.3
59.0
58.9
59.5
60.0
61.2
68.0
67.9
68.6
69.6
71.0
49.6
49.3
50.4
50.4
51.4
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov17 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 5. Employment-population ratio by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1972–2014 annual averages
—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Native Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander
American Indian and Alaska Native
Two or More Races
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
2003…………..
2004…………..
57.7
57.7
63.1
64.0
52.4
51.8
63.6
67.4
69.8
71.4
58.4
64.1
61.4
61.2
66.4
67.6
56.8
55.0
2005……………
2006…………..
2007……………
2008……………
2009……………
57.6
58.1
58.1
57.4
51.2
63.9
63.2
64.3
62.6
54.2
51.5
53.3
52.3
52.5
48.3
70.2
70.6
69.4
67.8
61.8
73.4
75.7
74.2
72.8
68.3
67.1
65.7
65.3
63.3
56.0
61.6
61.5
61.5
59.3
56.7
66.3
67.0
66.5
63.6
60.4
57.2
56.2
56.6
55.2
53.2
2010……………
2011……………
2012…………..
2013…………..
2014……………
49.0
50.5
52.1
51.6
54.0
53.0
55.2
58.5
56.6
59.2
45.2
45.9
45.9
46.9
48.9
60.1
62.2
63.0
62.9
63.5
61.6
67.0
64.7
65.5
69.6
58.7
57.7
61.4
60.4
57.5
56.5
55.3
57.6
56.4
57.6
60.8
59.2
61.9
61.3
62.1
52.5
51.7
53.5
51.7
53.4
Note: Beginning in 2003, estimates for White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian and Alaska Native, and Native
Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander race groups include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than
one race group are included in the Two or More Races category. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were
included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian estimates for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders;
beginning in 2003, Asian is a separate category, as is Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. People whose ethnicity is
identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
18
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 6. Employment status of people 25 years and older by educational attainment, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
1
no college
Some college,
no degree
Associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
2
higher
Total
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
209,234
134,627
64.3
127,863
61.1
6,764
5.0
24,143
10,828
44.9
9,852
40.8
976
9.0
62,060
36,033
58.1
33,865
54.6
2,167
6.0
34,856
22,518
64.6
21,159
60.7
1,359
6.0
20,839
14,802
71.0
14,139
67.9
663
4.5
67,337
50,446
74.9
48,848
72.5
1,599
3.2
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
100,232
71,873
71.7
68,284
68.1
3,589
5.0
12,056
6,967
57.8
6,410
53.2
557
8.0
30,467
20,683
67.9
19,403
63.7
1,280
6.2
16,572
11,825
71.4
11,151
67.3
674
5.7
8,927
6,824
76.4
6,531
73.2
294
4.3
32,210
25,574
79.4
24,791
77.0
784
3.1
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
109,002
62,754
57.6
59,579
54.7
3,174
5.1
12,087
3,861
31.9
3,442
28.5
419
10.8
31,592
15,349
48.6
14,462
45.8
887
5.8
18,284
10,693
58.5
10,009
54.7
685
6.4
11,911
7,978
67.0
7,609
63.9
369
4.6
35,127
24,872
70.8
24,057
68.5
815
3.3
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
166,792
106,925
64.1
102,245
61.3
4,680
18,527
8,565
46.2
7,895
42.6
670
49,627
28,599
57.6
27,132
54.7
1,467
27,457
17,454
63.6
16,556
60.3
898
17,025
12,048
70.8
11,556
67.9
493
54,157
40,258
74.3
39,106
72.2
1,152
Unemployment rate................................
4.4
7.8
5.1
5.1
4.1
2.9
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
80,943
58,121
71.8
55,608
68.7
2,513
4.3
9,488
5,681
59.9
5,299
55.9
382
6.7
24,503
16,711
68.2
15,830
64.6
880
5.3
13,222
9,399
71.1
8,942
67.6
457
4.9
7,377
5,644
76.5
5,424
73.5
221
3.9
26,353
20,686
78.5
20,113
76.3
573
2.8
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
85,849
48,804
56.8
46,637
54.3
2,167
4.4
9,039
2,884
31.9
2,596
28.7
288
10.0
25,124
11,889
47.3
11,302
45.0
587
4.9
14,235
8,056
56.6
7,614
53.5
441
5.5
9,648
6,404
66.4
6,132
63.6
272
4.2
27,803
19,572
70.4
18,993
68.3
579
3.0
White
See footnotes at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov19 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 6. Employment status of people 25 years and older by educational attainment, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2014 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
1
no college
Some college,
no degree
Associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
2
higher
Black or African American
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
24,875
15,887
63.9
14,437
58.0
1,450
9.1
3,461
1,308
37.8
1,084
31.3
225
17.2
8,382
4,976
59.4
4,442
53.0
534
10.7
5,029
3,464
68.9
3,119
62.0
345
10.0
2,482
1,797
72.4
1,674
67.5
122
6.8
5,522
4,341
78.6
4,117
74.6
224
5.2
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
11,076
7,448
67.2
6,726
60.7
722
9.7
1,626
722
44.4
592
36.4
130
18.0
4,064
2,614
64.3
2,319
57.1
295
11.3
2,219
1,592
71.7
1,433
64.6
159
10.0
951
707
74.4
662
69.6
45
6.4
2,215
1,812
81.8
1,720
77.6
93
5.1
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
13,799
8,439
61.2
7,711
55.9
728
8.6
1,834
586
32.0
492
26.8
95
16.1
4,318
2,362
54.7
2,123
49.2
239
10.1
2,810
1,872
66.6
1,686
60.0
186
10.0
1,531
1,089
71.2
1,012
66.1
77
7.1
3,306
2,529
76.5
2,398
72.5
131
5.2
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
11,741
7,924
67.5
7,589
64.6
335
4.2
1,213
493
40.6
459
37.8
34
6.9
2,280
1,350
59.2
1,289
56.5
61
4.5
1,174
774
66.0
732
62.3
43
5.5
749
542
72.4
521
69.5
21
3.9
6,325
4,765
75.3
4,589
72.6
176
3.7
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
5,396
4,207
78.0
4,023
74.6
184
4.4
450
249
55.4
232
51.5
17
6.9
973
693
71.2
656
67.4
37
5.3
570
411
72.1
388
68.0
23
5.6
338
270
79.8
256
75.8
14
5.1
3,064
2,585
84.3
2,491
81.3
93
3.6
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
6,345
3,716
58.6
3,566
56.2
151
4.1
763
243
31.9
227
29.7
17
6.9
1,307
657
50.3
633
48.4
24
3.7
604
363
60.2
344
56.9
19
5.4
411
272
66.2
265
64.4
8
2.8
3,261
2,180
66.9
2,098
64.3
83
3.8
Asian
See footnotes at end of table.
20
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 6. Employment status of people 25 years and older by educational attainment, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2014 annual averages—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total, 25 years
and older
Less than a
high school
diploma
High school
graduates,
1
no college
Some college,
no degree
Associate's
degree
Bachelor's
degree and
2
higher
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
30,096
20,946
69.6
19,686
65.4
1,260
6.0
9,683
5,792
59.8
5,365
55.4
428
7.4
9,098
6,349
69.8
5,954
65.4
395
6.2
4,236
3,187
75.2
2,990
70.6
197
6.2
2,227
1,725
77.5
1,636
73.5
89
5.2
4,851
3,893
80.2
3,741
77.1
151
3.9
Men
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
14,982
12,204
81.5
11,546
77.1
658
5.4
4,991
3,876
77.6
3,651
73.2
224
5.8
4,677
3,806
81.4
3,584
76.6
222
5.8
2,094
1,740
83.1
1,637
78.2
102
5.9
958
826
86.2
791
82.6
35
4.3
2,263
1,957
86.5
1,883
83.2
74
3.8
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population……………
Civilian labor force........................................
Percent of population……………………
Employed..................................................
Employment-population ratio……………
Unemployed..............................................
Unemployment rate................................
15,114
8,742
57.8
8,140
53.9
602
6.9
4,692
1,917
40.8
1,713
36.5
203
10.6
4,421
2,543
57.5
2,370
53.6
173
6.8
2,142
1,447
67.6
1,353
63.2
94
6.5
1,270
899
70.8
845
66.6
54
6.0
2,589
1,936
74.8
1,859
71.8
78
4.0
1
Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov21 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 7. Employed people by occupation, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Occupation and gender
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Total, 16 years and older (thousands)…………………….…………………………
Percent…………………………………………………………………………………
146,305
100.0
116,788
100.0
16,732
100.0
8,325
100.0
23,492
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations……………………………
Management, business, and financial operations………………………………
Management occupations………………………………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………………………………
38.3
15.8
11.1
4.8
39.0
16.7
11.9
4.8
29.5
10.4
6.5
3.9
50.7
16.9
10.5
6.4
20.8
8.8
6.3
2.5
Professional and related occupations……………………………………………
Computer and mathematical occupations……………………………………
Architecture and engineering occupations……………………………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………………………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………………………………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations…………………………
22.5
2.9
1.9
0.9
1.7
1.2
5.9
2.0
5.8
22.3
2.6
1.9
0.9
1.6
1.3
6.2
2.1
5.6
19.1
2.1
0.9
0.5
2.6
0.8
5.4
1.1
5.7
33.8
9.9
3.9
2.0
1.0
1.0
4.6
1.8
9.6
12.0
1.2
1.0
0.4
1.2
0.6
3.5
1.2
2.8
Service occupations…………………………………………………………………
Healthcare support occupations…………………………………………………
Protective service occupations……………………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations……………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………………………………
17.7
2.4
2.1
5.5
4.0
3.6
16.5
1.9
2.0
5.3
3.9
3.3
25.0
5.3
3.7
6.1
5.1
4.8
16.7
2.1
0.9
5.9
2.4
5.4
25.7
2.4
1.9
8.6
9.1
3.8
Sales and office occupations………………………………………………………
Sales and related occupations……………………………………………………
Office and administrative support occupations…………………………………
22.8
10.7
12.1
22.9
10.9
12.0
23.9
10.0
13.9
19.4
10.0
9.3
21.2
9.8
11.4
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations……………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations………………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……………………………
9.3
0.7
5.2
3.3
10.1
0.8
5.7
3.6
5.9
0.4
3.1
2.4
3.3
0.2
1.2
1.9
15.9
1.9
10.5
3.5
Production, transportation, and material-moving occupations…………………
Production occupations……………………………………………………………
Transportation and material-moving occupations………………………………
11.9
5.8
6.2
11.5
5.6
5.8
15.7
6.3
9.3
9.9
6.3
3.7
16.3
7.9
8.5
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
22
1
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 7. Employed people by occupation, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages—Continued
Occupation and gender
Total
Men, 16 years and older (thousands)………………………………………………
Percent…………………………………………………………………………………
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
77,692
100.0
63,108
100.0
7,818
100.0
4,403
100.0
13,655
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations……………………………
Management, business, and financial operations………………………………
Management occupations………………………………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………………………………
34.9
16.8
12.8
4.0
35.5
17.9
13.8
4.1
23.6
9.6
6.9
2.6
52.5
17.2
11.8
5.4
17.0
8.4
6.5
1.9
Professional and related occupations……………………………………………
Computer and mathematical occupations……………………………………
Architecture and engineering occupations……………………………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………………………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………………………………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations…………………………
18.1
4.1
3.0
0.9
1.1
1.1
2.9
2.0
2.8
17.6
3.6
3.1
0.9
1.1
1.3
2.9
2.1
2.7
14.1
3.0
1.5
0.5
1.9
0.6
2.8
1.4
2.4
35.2
14.2
5.9
2.1
1.0
0.9
3.0
1.6
6.4
8.6
1.7
1.5
0.4
0.7
0.4
1.5
1.2
1.4
Service occupations…………………………………………………………………
Healthcare support occupations…………………………………………………
Protective service occupations……………………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations……………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………………………………
14.4
0.6
3.2
4.7
4.5
1.6
13.4
0.4
3.0
4.3
4.4
1.3
21.6
1.4
5.4
6.2
6.0
2.7
13.0
1.0
1.3
5.9
2.4
2.4
21.2
0.5
2.7
7.9
8.8
1.3
Sales and office occupations………………………………………………………
Sales and related occupations……………………………………………………
Office and administrative support occupations…………………………………
16.4
10.2
6.2
16.3
10.5
5.8
17.5
8.7
8.8
15.9
9.9
6.0
14.3
7.6
6.6
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations……………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations………………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……………………………
16.7
1.0
9.6
6.1
17.9
1.1
10.4
6.4
11.9
0.6
6.4
4.9
6.0
0.2
2.3
3.5
26.0
2.4
17.7
5.8
Production, transportation, and material-moving occupations…………………
Production occupations……………………………………………………………
Transportation and material-moving occupations………………………………
17.6
7.8
9.8
16.9
7.8
9.1
25.3
8.8
16.4
12.7
6.6
6.1
21.6
9.4
12.2
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov23 2
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 7. Employed people by occupation, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages—Continued
Occupation and gender
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
68,613
100.0
53,680
100.0
8,915
100.0
3,922
100.0
9,838
100.0
Management, professional, and related occupations……………………………
Management, business, and financial operations………………………………
Management occupations………………………………………………………
Business and financial operations occupations………………………………
42.2
14.8
9.1
5.7
43.2
15.3
9.7
5.7
34.7
11.2
6.1
5.1
48.7
16.5
9.1
7.4
26.1
9.4
6.0
3.4
Professional and related occupations……………………………………………
Computer and mathematical occupations……………………………………
Architecture and engineering occupations……………………………………
Life, physical, and social science occupations………………………………
Community and social services occupations…………………………………
Legal occupations………………………………………………………………
Education, training, and library occupations…………………………………
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations………………
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations…………………………
27.4
1.6
0.6
0.9
2.3
1.3
9.4
2.0
9.2
27.9
1.4
0.6
0.9
2.3
1.4
10.0
2.2
9.1
23.5
1.4
0.3
0.5
3.3
1.0
7.6
0.8
8.6
32.2
5.1
1.7
1.9
1.0
1.1
6.2
1.9
13.2
16.7
0.6
0.3
0.5
2.0
1.0
6.4
1.3
4.8
Service occupations…………………………………………………………………
Healthcare support occupations…………………………………………………
Protective service occupations……………………………………………………
Food preparation and serving related occupations……………………………
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations………………
Personal care and service occupations…………………………………………
21.4
4.4
1.0
6.5
3.4
6.0
20.1
3.8
0.8
6.6
3.3
5.7
27.9
8.8
2.2
6.1
4.3
6.6
20.9
3.5
0.5
5.8
2.4
8.7
32.0
5.0
0.9
9.5
9.5
7.2
Sales and office occupations………………………………………………………
Sales and related occupations……………………………………………………
Office and administrative support occupations…………………………………
30.1
11.2
18.9
30.6
11.3
19.3
29.5
11.1
18.4
23.2
10.2
13.0
30.9
12.8
18.1
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations………………
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations……………………………………
Construction and extraction occupations………………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……………………………
0.9
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.9
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.7
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.2
1.8
1.1
0.4
0.2
Production, transportation, and material-moving occupations…………………
Production occupations……………………………………………………………
Transportation and material-moving occupations………………………………
5.5
3.4
2.1
5.1
3.1
2.0
7.2
4.2
3.1
6.9
5.9
1.0
9.1
5.8
3.4
Women, 16 years and older (thousands)……………………………………………
Percent…………………………………………………………………………………
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
24
3
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Occupation
Total
employed
White
Black or
African
American
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
146,305
79.8
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chief executives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General and operations managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legislators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and promotions managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marketing and sales managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public relations and fundraising managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative services managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and information systems managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compensation and benefits managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Training and development managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial production managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchasing managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farmers, ranchers, and other agricultural managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education administrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural and engineering managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food service managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Funeral service managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lodging managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and health services managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural sciences managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postmasters and mail superintendents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Property, real estate, and community association managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social and community service managers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency management directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Managers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business and financial operations occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes. . . . . . . .
Buyers and purchasing agents, farm products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products. . . . . . . . . . . .
Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compliance officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cost estimators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Training and development specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logisticians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Meeting, convention, and event planners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fundraisers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Market research analysts and marketing specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business operations specialists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accountants and auditors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Appraisers and assessors of real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Budget analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal financial advisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance underwriters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial examiners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit counselors and loan officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax examiners and collectors, and revenue agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tax preparers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
56,050
23,171
16,199
1,603
887
17
52
917
71
134
629
1,194
17
236
38
273
193
260
941
711
838
122
1,113
13
28
146
593
18
33
674
362
8
4,075
6,972
52
15
216
271
311
239
105
615
71
128
100
850
156
92
284
194
1,724
95
48
28
261
434
113
16
288
70
103
81.3
84.2
85.8
90.6
87.9
–
86.3
88.1
80.8
87.1
79.4
83.8
–
83.0
–
89.4
79.8
85.1
96.3
92.6
81.7
86.9
77.7
–
–
71.1
81.4
–
–
87.0
77.1
–
85.8
80.7
82.1
–
84.4
83.6
80.1
82.0
93.4
79.7
72.7
77.5
79.8
80.9
78.9
88.3
80.6
78.0
79.4
90.2
–
–
75.9
84.8
85.1
–
81.3
74.4
73.4
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
11.4
5.7
16.1
8.8
7.5
6.7
3.0
6.2
–
6.7
3.9
7.7
8.1
6.3
7.8
–
11.8
–
4.2
7.6
7.0
0.9
3.7
13.3
2.7
9.8
–
–
8.1
11.0
–
–
7.5
14.6
–
6.6
9.5
9.7
–
6.1
10.8
15.2
10.4
2.4
13.3
16.3
11.0
12.0
7.7
12.8
4.4
5.6
10.7
8.2
5.4
–
–
4.9
8.1
12.3
–
10.3
18.3
16.5
7.5
6.1
5.4
4.7
3.9
–
4.9
5.9
7.9
2.7
11.6
6.9
–
3.3
–
3.6
8.9
6.1
0.8
2.3
2.1
9.9
10.0
–
–
15.5
5.5
–
–
3.1
5.3
–
5.5
7.6
5.7
–
7.0
3.5
3.3
5.3
3.8
4.0
8.6
2.1
4.2
9.6
3.3
2.3
12.1
7.4
10.7
1.6
–
–
15.8
5.7
2.4
–
6.3
7.3
5.7
8.7
8.9
9.1
4.7
11.5
–
4.6
8.3
12.9
9.0
4.9
10.5
–
10.0
–
8.4
11.6
12.4
4.2
10.2
9.1
8.4
16.4
–
–
7.1
8.1
–
–
12.9
7.6
–
9.2
8.4
8.3
–
8.8
9.0
9.7
9.3
5.6
12.1
9.1
7.6
15.6
5.8
6.8
3.5
7.3
11.0
7.8
4.2
–
–
7.2
7.1
7.6
–
11.0
6.4
13.1
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov25 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Occupation
Financial specialists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and mathematical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and information research scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information security analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer programmers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Software developers, applications and systems software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web developers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer support specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Database administrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network and computer systems administrators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer network architects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer occupations, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actuaries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mathematicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operations research analysts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statisticians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architecture and engineering occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architects, except naval. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aerospace engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biomedical engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civil engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer hardware engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronics engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial engineers, including health and safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marine engineers and naval architects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Materials engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mechanical engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers. . . . . . .
Nuclear engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Petroleum engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drafters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineering technicians, except drafters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Surveying and mapping technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life, physical, and social science occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural and food scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conservation scientists and foresters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Life scientists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Astronomers and physicists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Atmospheric and space scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemists and materials scientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Environmental scientists and geoscientists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical scientists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Economists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Survey researchers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Psychologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sociologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Urban and regional planners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural and food science technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Biological technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geological and petroleum technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
93
32,879
4,303
29
511
68
509
1,235
220
524
108
205
123
512
28
3
138
85
5
2,798
178
41
147
4
14
79
349
84
271
42
194
9
35
303
15
5
37
406
138
369
77
1,355
31
110
27
143
0
12
7
102
91
183
33
4
232
3
24
42
39
25
71
20
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
79.6
79.3
70.0
–
68.1
80.0
72.7
60.7
81.7
74.3
73.4
79.0
73.5
75.7
–
–
73.6
64.2
–
80.8
85.3
–
78.1
–
–
81.9
82.8
68.2
72.8
–
83.8
–
–
84.5
–
–
–
75.4
89.6
79.2
87.4
78.7
–
81.3
–
58.2
–
–
–
76.8
93.7
69.5
–
–
91.2
–
–
–
–
–
75.2
–
11.1
9.7
8.3
–
9.7
9.7
5.7
5.3
6.3
14.3
11.7
9.5
7.4
9.7
–
–
11.0
5.8
–
5.2
4.1
–
6.2
–
–
3.0
6.1
7.4
3.9
–
5.5
–
–
3.3
–
–
–
4.4
5.3
8.2
6.8
6.4
–
5.3
–
5.1
–
–
–
8.1
1.3
3.0
–
–
5.7
–
–
–
–
–
16.4
–
8.1
8.6
19.2
–
20.9
5.7
19.7
31.9
5.7
8.1
13.3
8.4
17.3
12.5
–
–
11.9
24.5
–
11.7
10.0
–
10.7
–
–
12.6
9.7
22.8
21.4
–
9.7
–
–
9.9
–
–
–
18.2
4.3
8.7
0.8
12.3
–
10.5
–
33.8
–
–
–
12.7
3.9
25.4
–
–
1.3
–
–
–
–
–
4.6
–
11.2
8.6
6.6
–
4.8
6.1
6.4
5.2
8.6
9.4
4.6
7.9
6.3
8.5
–
–
10.5
4.1
–
8.2
7.2
–
11.4
–
–
3.6
8.8
9.5
5.3
–
8.6
–
–
5.6
–
–
–
8.0
6.5
13.2
9.4
7.5
–
6.0
–
7.9
–
–
–
6.0
6.6
5.7
–
–
8.0
–
–
–
–
–
8.9
–
See note at end of table.
26
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Occupation
Nuclear technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social science research assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous life, physical, and social science technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Community and social service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counselors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social and human service assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous community and social service specialists, including health
educators and community health workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clergy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Directors, religious activities and education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Religious workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lawyers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Judicial law clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paralegals and legal assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous legal support workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education, training, and library occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postsecondary teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Preschool and kindergarten teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elementary and middle school teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secondary school teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Special education teachers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other teachers and instructors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Archivists, curators, and museum technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Librarians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Library technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teacher assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other education, training, and library workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Artists and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Designers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Actors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Producers and directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dancers and choreographers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Musicians, singers, and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other. . . . . . . . .
Announcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
News analysts, reporters and correspondents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Public relations specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Editors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Technical writers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Writers and authors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous media and communication workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators. . . . . . . . .
Photographers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors. . . . . . . .
Media and communication equipment workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chiropractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dietitians and nutritionists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Optometrists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmacists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physicians and surgeons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physician assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Podiatrists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Audiologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupational therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
6
2
149
2,495
737
799
100
180
–
–
77.9
75.6
74.4
72.8
73.5
69.0
–
–
7.4
17.5
18.7
21.3
21.0
25.5
–
–
11.6
3.4
2.8
2.4
3.2
2.2
–
–
7.7
11.6
10.6
13.2
16.4
16.5
114
433
64
68
1,814
1,132
12
53
417
200
8,686
1,259
664
3,102
1,099
336
836
47
198
36
904
206
2,935
203
830
43
161
294
18
194
38
60
80
136
163
61
221
78
108
174
72
0
8,493
66
192
123
48
293
1,014
84
8
20
111
79.3
81.6
87.7
84.9
85.9
88.6
–
80.8
83.1
78.6
83.0
79.6
78.1
85.3
85.8
87.4
79.8
–
90.5
–
80.0
83.4
85.5
89.1
86.2
–
88.0
88.0
–
80.3
–
71.0
83.3
82.8
90.2
90.7
88.1
78.6
76.6
88.6
92.2
–
77.3
93.0
78.1
76.9
–
70.3
71.4
80.6
–
–
90.7
14.6
8.3
4.1
7.3
7.5
5.7
–
10.9
9.5
12.8
10.3
6.1
15.8
10.2
10.0
8.9
11.5
–
3.6
–
14.4
10.9
6.3
2.1
4.1
–
4.6
6.5
–
12.6
–
17.1
7.5
9.0
2.8
5.7
6.2
4.8
15.2
4.3
4.4
–
11.2
0.0
5.6
10.6
–
8.1
5.5
6.4
–
–
5.7
1.7
6.9
1.1
6.3
4.5
4.4
–
3.2
4.3
5.1
4.4
12.2
3.4
2.5
2.2
1.5
6.0
–
4.0
–
3.0
2.9
5.0
5.7
7.1
–
4.0
2.5
–
3.0
–
5.1
6.3
4.0
5.5
3.6
3.2
11.6
4.8
3.7
0.0
–
9.4
7.0
15.5
10.2
–
18.9
21.0
11.3
–
–
3.0
17.4
7.5
7.1
6.1
7.9
5.6
–
4.8
14.2
8.9
9.5
6.1
13.9
8.7
7.6
6.8
11.1
–
5.7
–
17.1
8.7
9.8
9.1
11.1
–
11.7
8.8
–
6.1
–
10.5
13.8
9.2
7.1
2.6
5.6
33.3
10.5
10.1
5.7
–
7.7
2.9
6.8
5.1
–
5.6
6.3
5.9
–
–
5.2
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov27 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Total
employed
Physical therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiation therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recreational therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Respiratory therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Speech-language pathologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exercise physiologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Therapists, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterinarians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Registered nurses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nurse anesthetists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nurse midwives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nurse practitioners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental hygienists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health practitioner support technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical records and health information technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Opticians, dispensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Healthcare support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupational therapy assistants and aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Physical therapist assistants and aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Massage therapists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dental assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical transcriptionists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pharmacy aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phlebotomists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous healthcare support occupations, including medical equipment
preparers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Protective service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of correctional officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of police and detectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of fire fighting and prevention workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of protective service workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Firefighters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fire inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Detectives and criminal investigators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fish and game wardens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parking enforcement workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Police and sheriff’s patrol officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and railroad police. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal control workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private detectives and investigators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Security guards and gaming surveillance officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crossing guards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation security screeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lifeguards and other recreational, and all other protective service workers. . .
Food preparation and serving related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chefs and head cooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of food preparation and serving workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cooks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bartenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupation
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
244
17
10
112
137
5
186
81
2,888
30
4
128
24
293
175
331
232
583
641
138
46
123
108
80.7
–
–
75.1
87.4
–
83.2
95.2
78.3
–
–
86.6
–
67.0
90.0
86.9
86.3
76.1
63.9
73.0
–
73.2
86.1
6.7
–
–
13.7
7.2
–
9.7
3.1
11.8
–
–
7.7
–
18.2
4.3
6.5
7.7
13.2
27.9
19.8
–
18.0
8.7
12.5
–
–
9.8
3.2
–
2.4
1.1
8.2
–
–
5.2
–
12.8
5.5
5.3
1.2
6.8
5.0
4.4
–
6.5
4.0
4.6
–
–
4.9
8.4
–
13.1
4.9
6.7
–
–
3.9
–
10.9
9.9
8.0
8.4
13.2
9.9
12.7
–
11.6
9.1
25,854
3,461
1,980
17
70
172
273
508
58
45
41
118
74.5
65.8
56.7
–
79.5
81.0
86.0
74.5
93.4
–
–
75.5
16.2
25.7
35.9
–
7.8
4.3
5.1
14.3
3.9
–
–
17.9
5.4
5.2
4.5
–
8.8
10.6
5.4
5.0
0.4
–
–
3.8
23.4
16.2
15.4
–
5.5
8.4
23.5
21.9
4.7
–
–
18.0
179
3,140
49
126
58
91
300
13
395
164
3
10
680
3
9
98
899
66
33
141
8,112
430
545
1,992
885
416
64.6
74.3
–
80.4
91.3
81.6
86.7
–
73.9
80.8
–
–
79.5
–
–
82.4
60.6
70.3
–
83.6
76.9
63.2
76.9
73.8
75.6
88.0
26.9
19.7
–
14.4
6.2
10.9
10.2
–
20.6
14.6
–
–
15.6
–
–
14.5
30.3
21.6
–
12.6
12.6
15.3
13.7
16.5
13.4
6.0
6.6
2.3
–
0.7
1.6
1.6
0.7
–
1.7
1.6
–
–
1.8
–
–
3.0
3.7
6.2
–
1.8
6.0
16.4
4.7
4.9
6.9
1.9
11.4
14.4
–
7.0
9.3
10.3
9.6
–
16.0
13.2
–
–
13.2
–
–
13.5
19.0
6.1
–
11.1
24.9
18.3
19.1
34.0
27.2
15.5
See note at end of table.
28
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Total
employed
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food. . . . . . . . .
Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waiters and waitresses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food servers, nonrestaurant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dishwashers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food preparation and serving related workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of housekeeping and janitorial workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping
workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Janitors and building cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maids and housekeeping cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pest control workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grounds maintenance workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal care and service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of gaming workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of personal service workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal trainers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonfarm animal caretakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming services workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture projectionists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Embalmers and funeral attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Morticians, undertakers, and funeral directors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Barbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous personal appearance workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tour and travel guides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Childcare workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal care aides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Recreation and fitness workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential advisors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal care and service workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of retail sales workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of non-retail sales workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cashiers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Counter and rental clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parts salespersons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail salespersons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, services, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Models, demonstrators, and product promoters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate brokers and sales agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telemarketers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers.. .
Sales and related workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
Switchboard operators, including answering service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telephone operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications equipment operators, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupation
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
428
254
2,054
185
375
246
297
6
5,803
282
71.2
77.8
82.3
65.0
82.0
73.9
79.5
–
78.1
79.0
20.5
13.9
7.5
23.5
7.6
12.3
10.9
–
14.6
14.7
3.3
4.3
6.6
6.1
5.5
5.7
6.5
–
3.4
2.8
18.7
21.6
19.4
20.8
34.1
40.2
18.2
–
36.7
24.1
210
2,328
1,514
80
1,389
5,337
151
202
41
201
99
4
54
189
13
29
110
760
296
85
54
1,218
1,254
404
43
131
89.4
74.9
73.5
86.4
85.9
72.7
83.0
68.0
–
92.8
65.9
–
68.8
76.0
–
–
55.4
81.4
36.2
69.2
86.4
77.0
63.9
84.4
–
81.7
8.3
17.5
16.8
10.9
8.3
15.0
4.4
11.5
–
2.8
8.0
–
24.3
13.3
–
–
36.3
12.4
5.9
17.2
5.9
15.9
23.0
9.2
–
8.2
1.4
3.4
5.5
0.5
1.7
8.4
6.4
18.2
–
0.9
19.4
–
3.6
3.3
–
–
5.4
4.8
55.3
6.0
5.8
3.5
7.9
2.9
–
3.1
22.7
31.5
43.8
17.0
43.6
16.6
7.3
13.7
–
12.2
12.5
–
13.1
17.3
–
–
23.7
15.3
10.3
24.8
11.3
21.6
18.2
11.6
–
15.3
33,416
15,646
3,285
1,200
3,242
113
93
3,316
227
562
256
82
480
1,309
66
868
43
75
175
253
17,771
1,351
19
33
9
80.0
81.1
82.8
87.7
70.5
82.0
91.1
79.4
85.4
86.0
88.2
77.9
86.6
89.0
84.0
88.8
–
75.1
80.4
80.8
79.1
82.6
–
–
–
12.0
10.7
8.8
5.6
18.3
11.8
4.8
12.3
7.9
8.3
4.9
7.9
6.6
5.3
5.5
5.4
–
19.6
10.6
10.6
13.1
11.1
–
–
–
4.8
5.3
6.1
4.8
6.9
4.5
0.5
4.6
4.5
4.9
4.6
13.2
4.3
3.8
4.0
4.2
–
3.6
3.5
6.2
4.4
3.6
–
–
–
14.9
14.7
12.1
11.2
22.0
22.5
12.2
16.2
12.7
13.2
9.5
9.9
11.0
9.3
15.9
10.5
–
18.5
21.7
5.7
15.1
12.2
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov29 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Total
employed
Bill and account collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Billing and posting clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gaming cage workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Payroll and timekeeping clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Procurement clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tellers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial clerks, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Brokerage clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Correspondence clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Court, municipal, and license clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Customer service representatives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Eligibility interviewers, government programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
File clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Library assistants, clerical. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loan interviewers and clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
New accounts clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Order clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Receptionists and information clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information and record clerks, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cargo and freight agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dispatchers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Meter readers, utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service mail carriers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators.. .
Production, planning, and expediting clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stock clerks and order fillers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Secretaries and administrative assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data entry keyers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Word processors and typists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Desktop publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insurance claims and policy processing clerks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office clerks, general. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office machine operators, except computer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Proofreaders and copy markers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Statistical assistants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Office and administrative support workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of farming, fishing, and forestry workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Agricultural inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Animal breeders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Graders and sorters, agricultural products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous agricultural workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fishers and related fishing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hunters and trappers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forest and conservation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of construction trades and extraction workers. . . . . . . . . .
Boilermakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Occupation
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
165
507
1,231
14
146
31
361
65
5
6
69
44
2,086
70
226
120
160
98
143
27
104
101
1,301
94
95
23
233
267
23
117
311
61
244
606
1,483
75
2,995
87
292
101
2
288
79
1,230
39
10
23
497
75.4
78.4
83.7
–
78.1
–
79.4
79.2
–
–
82.7
–
74.1
67.9
76.8
73.2
68.7
85.3
81.7
–
82.9
76.9
81.9
69.5
80.0
–
79.1
82.4
–
59.2
71.7
61.8
82.8
80.0
75.4
83.2
84.2
79.8
73.5
75.3
–
80.4
67.2
76.6
–
–
–
79.6
20.3
13.3
8.0
–
15.1
–
10.5
11.8
–
–
12.7
–
17.0
26.3
15.6
12.4
23.9
7.3
11.4
–
9.5
17.1
10.5
16.0
9.7
–
14.4
14.0
–
30.8
19.2
27.5
11.4
13.3
16.0
14.7
9.8
12.5
16.1
18.4
–
15.2
20.0
13.3
–
–
–
12.9
1.5
5.2
4.8
–
3.9
–
7.1
6.4
–
–
0.8
–
4.5
3.2
3.8
9.3
4.8
3.2
3.9
–
5.8
1.9
4.1
9.9
6.5
–
3.2
1.8
–
8.7
5.3
5.7
4.5
3.2
4.2
1.5
3.3
4.3
8.4
5.3
–
2.9
10.3
6.1
–
–
–
3.9
13.9
12.2
10.9
–
12.1
–
16.8
7.8
–
–
14.1
–
16.5
20.6
18.3
25.1
11.3
10.2
9.6
–
19.1
15.1
18.7
18.5
15.0
–
20.4
14.9
–
7.9
12.9
9.5
13.5
23.2
22.3
22.2
12.7
8.5
12.9
10.7
–
10.1
13.8
15.5
–
–
–
12.2
13,537
1,022
44
17
6
93
739
32
2
18
71
7,637
696
17
87.1
89.2
–
–
–
82.1
90.5
–
–
–
87.6
87.8
89.7
–
7.3
6.0
–
–
–
13.4
5.1
–
–
–
8.4
6.9
5.7
–
2.1
1.6
–
–
–
2.1
1.5
–
–
–
1.5
1.3
1.1
–
27.6
43.4
–
–
–
54.0
49.2
–
–
–
11.8
32.3
18.9
–
See note at end of table.
30
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Occupation
Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carpenters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction laborers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pile-driver operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators. . . . . . . . . . . .
Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electricians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glaziers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insulation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Painters, construction and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paperhangers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plasterers and stucco masons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reinforcing iron and rebar workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roofers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sheet metal workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural iron and steel workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Solar photovoltaic installers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers, construction trades. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and building inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Elevator installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fence erectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hazardous materials removal workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Highway maintenance workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous construction and related workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining. . . . . . . . . .
Earth drillers, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roof bolters, mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Roustabouts, oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers--extraction workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other extraction workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . .
Avionics technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment.. .
Electrical and electronics repairers, industrial and utility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . .
Security and fire alarm systems installers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft mechanics and service technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive body and related repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive glass installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive service technicians and mechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics. . . .
Small engine mechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and
repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Control and valve installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers. . . . . . . . . .
Home appliance repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial and refractory machinery mechanics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
142
1,282
170
58
1,686
19
1
336
162
769
35
44
561
4
564
31
9
206
110
52
14
57
78
22
33
23
123
17
14
33
54
29
5
68
3
11
7
92
4,879
284
265
134
8
35
5
15
17
34
58
127
133
21
883
323
211
50
87.2
89.6
86.0
83.5
84.2
–
–
87.6
92.4
88.8
–
–
86.8
–
89.0
–
–
92.0
91.8
87.4
–
83.7
92.3
–
–
–
88.5
–
–
–
92.3
–
–
96.0
–
–
–
86.7
85.5
86.1
76.4
76.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
87.8
81.1
90.5
–
84.0
88.5
92.9
91.1
8.1
5.0
4.8
9.5
9.4
–
–
6.8
1.8
6.5
–
–
7.3
–
6.9
–
–
4.3
5.2
10.8
–
12.1
3.3
–
–
–
9.3
–
–
–
3.9
–
–
2.3
–
–
–
5.7
8.4
8.4
12.2
12.5
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.0
9.0
5.9
–
9.0
7.8
3.8
5.3
0.3
1.4
3.6
0.0
1.8
–
–
0.1
0.3
1.8
–
–
1.4
–
1.6
–
–
0.5
0.8
0.0
–
0.0
2.3
–
–
–
0.0
–
–
–
0.0
–
–
0.0
–
–
–
0.0
3.3
3.3
7.9
6.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
1.7
6.9
1.7
–
4.5
0.6
0.6
3.2
43.9
31.9
44.2
48.7
42.1
–
–
16.9
61.5
18.2
–
–
48.2
–
21.4
–
–
58.1
10.2
23.4
–
45.6
5.3
–
–
–
17.1
–
–
–
32.1
–
–
22.4
–
–
–
29.1
16.8
11.2
12.3
8.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
26.2
12.5
18.3
–
24.1
15.6
15.5
9.5
93
19
378
51
454
81.1
–
86.3
84.0
89.4
10.1
–
8.5
13.4
6.3
2.4
–
2.4
1.9
1.7
28.0
–
16.4
19.2
13.3
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov31 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Occupation
Maintenance and repair workers, general. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maintenance workers, machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Millwrights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical power-line installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications line installers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Precision instrument and equipment repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wind turbine service technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Commercial divers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Locksmiths and safe repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufactured building and mobile home installers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Riggers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Signal and track switch repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers--installation, maintenance, and repair workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other installation, maintenance, and repair workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
First-line supervisors of production and operating workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engine and other machine assemblers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Structural metal fabricators and fitters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and
tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food batchmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food cooking machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food processing workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer control programmers and operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . .
Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . .
Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal
and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and
tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal furnace operators, tenders, pourers, and casters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . . . . .
Tool and die makers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Welding, soldering, and brazing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic. . .
Layout workers, metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and
plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal workers and plastic workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Prepress technicians and workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing press operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Print binding and finishing workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laundry and dry-cleaning workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
471
37
48
115
184
85
4
43
3
30
4
13
7
14
224
17,448
8,438
789
15
164
10
24
1,002
224
331
84.0
–
–
92.2
79.5
85.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
88.9
76.8
78.0
83.4
–
65.1
–
–
70.9
77.3
67.0
9.9
–
–
5.2
12.1
7.2
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
5.1
15.0
12.5
11.0
–
15.3
–
–
17.0
10.1
20.2
3.6
–
–
0.9
4.7
4.7
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2.7
4.7
6.2
3.4
–
16.8
–
–
8.7
7.5
8.0
17.2
–
–
7.8
17.3
11.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
23.4
22.0
21.9
17.0
–
22.9
–
–
21.0
22.9
35.4
10
95
16
128
71
–
80.0
–
69.5
94.0
–
13.1
–
18.1
2.3
–
6.1
–
7.6
2.2
–
25.3
–
31.7
14.7
14
5
10
–
–
–
–
–
–
85
80.4
14.0
2
–
–
–
–
45
–
–
–
–
9
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
0.9
–
–
–
15.9
5
391
27
5
–
88.8
–
–
–
3.9
–
–
–
4.1
–
–
–
15.4
–
–
38
4
67
615
4
9
–
–
99.3
85.6
–
–
–
–
0.7
8.8
–
–
–
–
0.0
2.0
–
–
–
–
3.8
22.4
–
–
29
10
342
25
187
21
156
48
–
–
78.5
–
77.5
–
67.3
–
–
–
13.5
–
13.2
–
16.1
–
–
–
5.9
–
5.7
–
11.5
–
–
–
23.0
–
21.7
–
38.0
–
See note at end of table.
32
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Occupation
Sewing machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shoe and leather workers and repairers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shoe machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . .
Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and
tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic
and glass fibers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabric and apparel patternmakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Upholsterers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture finishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Model makers and patternmakers, wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing. . . . . . .
Woodworkers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stationary engineers and boiler operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water and wastewater treatment plant and system operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous plant and system operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cutting workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators,
and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Painting workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Photographic process workers and processing machine operators. . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductor processors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adhesive bonding machine operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders. . . . .
Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Etchers and engravers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tire builders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Helpers--production workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Production workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supervisors of transportation and material moving workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Aircraft pilots and flight engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flight attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians.. .
Bus drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Driver/sales workers and truck drivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Taxi drivers and chauffeurs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle operators, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Locomotive engineers and operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Railroad conductors and yardmasters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Subway, streetcar, and other rail transportation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sailors and marine oilers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ship and boat captains and operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ship engineers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
158
4
3
92
3
6
12
63.1
–
–
72.3
–
–
–
15.0
–
–
9.5
–
–
–
21.1
–
–
16.7
–
–
–
34.6
–
–
30.4
–
–
–
12
–
–
–
–
0
1
40
14
51
7
1
32
19
28
45
96
72
41
63
69
60
–
–
–
–
91.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
86.1
82.0
–
86.1
78.4
82.6
–
–
–
–
5.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
7.0
10.7
–
10.7
14.1
10.3
–
–
–
–
2.4
–
–
–
–
–
–
4.3
2.3
–
0.5
3.5
4.7
–
–
–
–
27.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
15.2
14.7
–
10.3
22.4
22.0
40
9
752
44
85
259
156
27
1
6
6
4
13
31
31
12
54
947
9,010
199
133
31
92
19
584
3,406
383
61
55
9
46
19
27
41
7
–
–
77.4
–
81.0
66.4
83.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
63.9
76.8
75.8
82.3
96.6
–
83.2
–
67.7
78.9
55.4
80.0
86.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
12.7
–
3.0
19.0
8.1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10.9
15.1
17.3
9.0
1.9
–
10.2
–
25.9
15.6
28.8
16.1
14.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
6.8
–
14.3
8.9
4.3
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
9.6
5.5
3.4
2.0
0.5
–
2.5
–
2.5
2.5
13.9
2.3
0.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16.8
–
12.3
36.0
27.0
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
32.9
23.1
22.1
22.1
2.7
–
7.9
–
12.8
20.5
16.5
16.1
5.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov33 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 8. Employed people by detailed occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual
averages — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Percent of total employed
Occupation
Bridge and lock tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Parking lot attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive and watercraft service attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation inspectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation attendants, except flight attendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other transportation workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Conveyor operators and tenders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Crane and tower operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hoist and winch operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Industrial truck and tractor operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machine feeders and offbearers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Packers and packagers, hand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pumping station operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Refuse and recyclable material collectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mine shuttle car operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tank car, truck, and ship loaders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Material moving workers, all other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total
employed
6
78
97
47
27
25
6
74
44
7
564
375
1,867
17
505
27
84
1
6
41
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
–
61.5
63.6
–
–
–
–
89.3
–
–
70.1
71.4
77.1
–
72.1
–
74.5
–
–
–
–
26.3
13.7
–
–
–
–
8.4
–
–
24.4
22.5
15.6
–
18.2
–
19.0
–
–
–
–
9.9
15.7
–
–
–
–
1.0
–
–
2.2
1.9
3.2
–
5.9
–
0.8
–
–
–
–
28.7
21.9
–
–
–
–
11.2
–
–
29.3
33.4
23.8
–
43.3
–
36.8
–
–
–
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose
ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less
than 50,000).
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
34
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 9. Employed people by industry, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Industry and gender
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total, 16 years and older (thousands)………………………
Percent……………………………………………………………
146,305
100.0
116,788
100.0
16,732
100.0
8,325
100.0
23,492
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing……………………………
Mining …………………………………………………………
Construction……………………………………………………
Manufacturing…………………………………………………
Durable goods……………………………………………
Nondurable goods………………………………………
Wholesale and retail trade…………………………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………………
Transportation and utilities……………………………………
Information……………………………………………………
Financial activities……………………………………………
Professional and business services…………………………
Education and health services………………………………
Leisure and hospitality………………………………………
Other services…………………………………………………
Other services, except private households……………
Private households………………………………………
Public administration…………………………………………
1.5
0.7
6.7
10.3
6.5
3.8
13.8
2.5
11.4
5.2
2.1
6.7
11.6
22.4
9.2
4.9
4.3
0.6
4.6
1.8
0.8
7.5
10.5
6.7
3.8
13.9
2.6
11.3
4.9
2.1
7.0
11.7
21.7
8.9
4.9
4.3
0.6
4.3
0.4
0.4
3.5
8.7
5.0
3.7
13.6
1.9
11.7
7.5
1.9
5.3
9.6
28.5
9.4
4.4
3.9
0.4
6.8
0.3
0.2
2.1
12.0
7.9
4.1
13.3
2.1
11.2
3.9
2.6
7.5
15.3
22.2
10.7
6.0
5.5
0.5
3.9
2.2
0.9
11.4
10.2
5.6
4.5
14.1
2.5
11.7
5.5
1.4
4.8
11.6
16.0
12.8
5.8
4.5
1.3
3.3
Men, 16 years and older (thousands)…………………………
Percent……………………………………………………………
77,692
100.0
63,108
100.0
7,818
100.0
4,403
100.0
13,655
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing……………………………
Mining …………………………………………………………
Construction……………………………………………………
Manufacturing…………………………………………………
Durable goods……………………………………………
Nondurable goods………………………………………
Wholesale and retail trade…………………………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………………
Transportation and utilities……………………………………
Information……………………………………………………
Financial activities……………………………………………
Professional and business services…………………………
Education and health services………………………………
Leisure and hospitality………………………………………
Other services…………………………………………………
Other services, except private households……………
Private households………………………………………
Public administration…………………………………………
2.2
1.2
11.5
13.7
9.2
4.6
14.3
3.3
11.1
7.5
2.5
5.9
12.9
10.7
8.4
4.4
4.3
0.1
4.8
2.5
1.3
12.6
13.9
9.4
4.5
14.3
3.4
10.8
7.1
2.4
6.2
12.7
10.1
8.0
4.4
4.3
0.1
4.6
0.7
0.7
6.9
12.7
7.5
5.2
15.0
2.7
12.2
11.7
2.4
4.2
11.3
13.9
9.7
4.6
4.4
0.1
6.4
0.3
0.3
3.5
14.3
10.3
4.0
14.0
2.5
11.4
5.9
3.3
7.0
18.4
14.6
10.4
4.2
4.1
0.1
3.7
3.0
1.4
18.7
11.9
7.1
4.8
13.7
3.0
10.7
7.5
1.4
3.9
12.3
6.6
11.6
4.9
4.7
0.2
3.1
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov35 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 9. Employed people by industry, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages—Continued
Industry and gender
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Women, 16 years and older (thousands)……………………
Percent……………………………………………………………
68,613
100.0
53,680
100.0
8,915
100.0
3,922
100.0
9,838
100.0
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing……………………………
Mining …………………………………………………………
Construction……………………………………………………
Manufacturing…………………………………………………
Durable goods……………………………………………
Nondurable goods………………………………………
Wholesale and retail trade…………………………………
Wholesale trade…………………………………………
Retail trade………………………………………………
Transportation and utilities……………………………………
Information……………………………………………………
Financial activities……………………………………………
Professional and business services…………………………
Education and health services………………………………
Leisure and hospitality………………………………………
Other services…………………………………………………
Other services, except private households……………
Private households………………………………………
Public administration…………………………………………
0.8
0.2
1.3
6.4
3.5
2.9
13.3
1.6
11.7
2.5
1.8
7.7
10.2
35.7
10.1
5.5
4.4
1.1
4.5
1.0
0.2
1.5
6.4
3.5
3.0
13.5
1.7
11.8
2.4
1.8
7.9
10.5
35.3
10.0
5.6
4.4
1.2
3.9
0.1
0.1
0.5
5.3
2.9
2.4
12.3
1.1
11.2
3.8
1.5
6.4
8.2
41.4
9.1
4.2
3.5
0.7
7.1
0.2
0.1
0.6
9.5
5.3
4.2
12.5
1.6
10.9
1.7
1.8
8.0
11.8
30.7
11.0
8.1
7.2
0.9
4.1
1.2
0.2
1.2
7.8
3.5
4.2
14.7
1.7
13.1
2.8
1.4
5.9
10.6
29.1
14.5
7.1
4.3
2.8
3.5
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
36
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 10. Employment and unemployment in families by type of family, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
2014 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Family type and employment status of family members
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Total families …………………………………..………………………………………
80,889
64,476
9,793
4,374
12,178
With at least one family member employed ……………………...………………
As a percent of total families ……………………………………………….……
64,832
80.1
51,661
80.1
7,481
76.4
3,872
88.5
10,456
85.9
With at least one family member unemployed …………………….……………
As a percent of total families …………………………………………………
Some family member(s) employed ……………………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed ………
Some family member(s) employed full time …………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed…………
6,486
8.0
4,419
68.1
3,819
58.9
4,499
7.0
3,195
71.0
2,767
61.5
1,376
14.1
780
56.7
666
48.4
328
7.5
262
79.9
232
70.7
1,311
10.8
933
71.2
798
60.9
Married-couple families ………………………………………………………………
58,806
49,622
4,361
3,512
7,430
With at least one family member employed ………………………………………
As a percent of total families ……………………………………………………
47,852
81.4
40,033
80.7
3,556
81.5
3,138
89.4
6,637
89.3
With at least one family member unemployed …………………………………
As a percent of total families …………………………………………………
Some family member(s) employed ……………………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed ………
Some family member(s) employed full time …………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed…………
3,765
6.4
3,028
80.4
2,689
71.4
2,915
5.9
2,356
80.8
2,087
71.6
462
10.6
354
76.6
320
69.3
242
6.9
203
83.9
185
76.4
725
9.8
601
82.9
530
73.1
Families maintained by women ………………………………………………………
15,581
10,118
4,278
525
3,223
With at least one family member employed ………………………………………
As a percent of total families ……………………………………………………
11,585
74.4
7,650
75.6
3,031
70.9
429
81.7
2,459
76.3
With at least one family member unemployed …………………………………
As a percent of total families …………………………………………………
Some family member(s) employed ……………………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed ………
Some family member(s) employed full time …………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed…………
1,933
12.4
936
48.4
742
38.4
1,064
10.5
541
50.8
427
40.1
724
16.9
319
44.1
255
35.2
48
9.1
30
62.5
23
47.9
409
12.7
214
52.3
166
40.6
Families maintained by men …………………………………………………………
6,502
4,736
1,153
338
1,525
With at least one family member employed ………………………………………
As a percent of total families ……………………………………………………
5,394
83.0
3,979
84.0
895
77.6
305
90.2
1,360
89.2
With at least one family member unemployed …………………………………
As a percent of total families …………………………………………………
Some family member(s) employed ……………………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed ………
Some family member(s) employed full time …………………………………
As a percent of families with at least one member unemployed…………
789
12.1
455
57.7
388
49.2
519
11.0
297
57.2
253
48.7
190
16.5
107
56.3
91
47.9
38
11.2
28
73.7
25
65.8
177
11.6
117
66.1
101
57.1
Note: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder, the family reference person in whose name the
housing unit is owned or rented. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to
totals because data are not presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov37 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 11. Labor force participation rates by presence and age of youngest child, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 1994–2014 annual averages
(Percent)
Year
Total
Total
Men
White
Women
Total
Men
Black or African American
Women
Total
Men
Women
With no children under 18 years
1994…………
60.2
67.1
53.6
60.6
67.7
53.8
57.2
62.0
52.4
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
60.2
60.1
60.4
60.3
60.4
67.0
66.8
67.0
67.0
66.8
53.5
53.5
53.8
53.9
54.1
60.5
60.5
60.8
60.6
60.7
67.6
67.6
67.8
67.6
67.5
53.6
53.6
53.8
53.8
53.9
57.5
56.9
57.3
58.0
58.3
62.3
61.5
61.2
62.0
62.1
52.7
52.3
53.5
54.2
54.6
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
60.6
60.4
60.0
59.7
59.6
67.0
66.7
66.2
65.4
65.3
54.3
54.3
53.9
54.1
54.0
60.9
60.8
60.4
60.1
60.0
67.7
67.4
66.8
66.1
66.1
54.3
54.3
54.0
54.1
54.0
58.4
57.9
56.8
56.5
56.4
62.5
61.7
61.0
60.0
59.5
54.5
54.4
52.7
53.2
53.5
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
59.8
60.0
59.8
59.9
59.3
65.5
65.8
65.6
65.6
64.6
54.2
54.2
54.0
54.3
54.0
60.1
60.4
60.3
60.3
59.9
66.2
66.5
66.4
66.3
65.4
54.1
54.2
54.1
54.3
54.3
57.3
57.1
56.5
56.9
55.9
60.8
60.5
60.1
60.4
59.3
53.9
53.9
53.0
53.6
52.7
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
58.7
58.1
57.7
57.2
56.7
63.8
63.1
62.9
62.3
61.7
53.6
53.0
52.6
52.1
51.7
59.1
58.6
58.1
57.4
56.9
64.5
63.8
63.7
62.9
62.2
53.7
53.2
52.4
52.0
51.6
56.0
55.1
55.2
54.5
54.8
59.1
58.4
57.6
57.1
57.5
52.9
51.8
52.8
52.0
52.1
With children under 18 years
1994…………
79.8
94.1
69.0
80.9
94.8
69.5
74.9
89.5
68.4
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
80.3
81.1
81.8
81.8
82.0
94.1
94.5
94.6
94.6
94.6
69.8
70.8
71.9
71.8
72.2
81.3
81.8
82.4
82.2
82.3
94.9
95.3
95.4
95.3
95.4
70.3
70.7
71.7
71.3
71.5
76.3
78.5
79.6
81.0
82.0
89.6
89.7
89.6
90.4
89.3
70.3
73.3
75.0
76.7
78.5
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
82.1
81.9
81.6
81.2
80.7
94.7
94.6
94.3
94.1
94.1
72.3
72.1
71.8
71.1
70.4
82.3
82.2
81.9
81.4
81.1
95.3
95.3
94.8
94.7
94.8
71.6
71.5
71.1
70.3
69.8
82.2
81.8
81.9
81.5
80.5
90.3
89.7
90.3
89.7
88.4
78.2
77.9
77.7
77.5
76.5
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
80.7
81.0
81.4
81.5
81.3
94.1
94.1
94.3
94.1
93.8
70.5
70.9
71.0
71.4
71.4
81.1
81.4
81.7
81.8
81.8
94.8
94.9
95.0
94.8
94.5
69.8
70.2
70.3
70.8
70.9
80.4
80.5
81.2
81.1
80.2
88.7
88.1
89.6
89.7
87.7
76.3
76.9
76.6
76.7
76.3
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
80.9
80.6
80.5
80.0
80.1
93.7
93.5
93.3
92.8
92.8
70.8
70.6
70.5
69.9
70.1
81.4
81.1
81.0
80.6
80.6
94.5
94.3
94.0
93.6
93.5
70.5
70.2
70.3
69.6
69.8
79.7
79.6
80.0
80.0
79.9
89.0
87.9
88.9
87.9
87.9
74.9
75.3
75.4
75.6
75.4
See note at end of table.
38
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 11. Labor force participation rates by presence and age of youngest child, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 1994–2014 annual averages—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Total
Total
Men
White
Women
Total
Men
Black or African American
Women
Total
Men
Women
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger
1994…………
83.5
93.1
76.1
84.3
93.9
76.5
79.6
88.0
75.5
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
83.7
84.5
84.7
84.5
84.8
93.0
93.5
93.6
93.5
93.4
76.6
77.5
77.9
77.6
78.2
84.6
85.3
85.4
84.9
85.4
93.7
94.4
94.4
94.2
94.4
77.2
77.7
78.0
77.3
78.1
80.1
81.3
81.8
83.1
83.2
88.1
87.9
88.1
88.2
86.7
76.4
78.1
78.7
80.6
81.4
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
85.1
85.0
84.8
84.5
84.1
93.5
93.6
93.3
93.1
93.1
78.7
78.3
78.2
77.8
77.3
85.7
85.5
85.1
84.7
84.5
94.3
94.5
94.0
93.7
93.9
78.6
78.1
77.8
77.3
76.9
83.3
83.3
84.3
84.0
82.7
87.8
87.5
89.2
88.0
86.3
81.0
81.1
81.8
82.1
80.9
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
83.7
83.8
84.3
84.3
84.2
93.0
93.1
93.2
93.1
92.7
76.5
76.7
77.2
77.3
77.3
84.1
84.3
84.6
84.7
84.7
93.8
94.0
94.0
93.9
93.7
76.3
76.3
76.7
77.0
77.0
82.4
82.4
83.7
83.1
82.2
86.9
85.7
87.7
87.8
85.7
80.2
80.8
81.5
80.6
80.3
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
83.7
83.3
82.7
82.3
82.2
92.8
92.6
92.3
91.9
91.6
76.5
76.1
75.1
74.7
74.7
84.2
83.9
83.2
83.0
82.7
93.6
93.5
93.0
92.8
92.4
76.3
76.0
75.1
74.8
74.6
81.9
81.5
81.9
81.4
81.7
87.1
86.5
87.3
86.4
86.5
79.2
78.8
79.1
78.6
79.0
With children under 6 years
1994…………
75.8
95.2
61.2
77.1
95.9
61.6
70.0
91.3
61.2
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
76.6
77.2
78.3
78.6
78.5
95.5
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.1
62.3
63.2
64.8
64.9
64.8
77.7
77.9
78.8
78.9
78.5
96.1
96.3
96.5
96.6
96.7
62.6
62.7
64.1
64.1
63.4
72.0
75.4
77.1
78.5
80.6
91.4
91.9
91.3
93.0
92.5
63.9
68.2
70.8
72.0
74.9
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
78.4
78.1
77.7
77.2
76.5
96.1
95.8
95.5
95.4
95.4
64.6
64.3
63.7
62.8
61.8
78.2
78.1
77.9
77.3
76.8
96.5
96.2
95.9
96.0
96.0
63.0
63.0
62.7
61.5
60.7
80.9
80.0
78.9
78.2
77.6
93.3
92.5
91.8
92.1
91.1
74.9
73.9
72.5
71.8
70.8
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
77.0
77.5
77.8
77.9
77.8
95.4
95.4
95.7
95.4
95.1
62.8
63.5
63.3
64.0
64.2
77.2
77.7
77.9
78.0
78.1
96.1
95.9
96.2
95.9
95.6
61.6
62.5
62.3
62.9
63.3
77.8
78.0
77.9
78.6
77.7
91.2
91.1
92.3
92.4
90.4
71.4
71.8
70.4
71.7
71.4
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
77.5
77.4
77.7
77.2
77.5
94.7
94.5
94.6
93.9
94.2
63.9
63.9
64.8
63.9
64.2
78.0
77.7
78.2
77.5
78.0
95.5
95.2
95.1
94.7
94.9
63.4
63.0
64.3
62.9
63.7
77.1
77.4
77.6
78.5
77.6
91.3
89.7
91.0
89.8
89.6
69.8
71.1
71.0
72.1
71.0
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov39 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 11. Labor force participation rates by presence and age of youngest child, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 1994–2014 annual averages—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Total
Total
Men
White
Women
Total
Men
Black or African American
Women
Total
Men
Women
With children under 3 years
1994…………
74.0
95.3
57.7
75.6
96.0
58.6
66.0
91.5
55.6
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
74.8
75.4
76.6
77.2
77.0
95.5
95.8
95.9
96.2
96.4
58.9
59.4
61.4
61.9
61.5
76.0
76.2
77.5
77.7
77.0
96.2
96.5
96.5
96.7
97.0
59.2
59.2
61.4
61.5
60.1
68.9
72.1
73.6
75.8
78.7
90.9
92.2
92.1
93.2
92.4
60.0
63.1
65.1
67.5
72.0
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
76.3
76.0
76.1
75.2
74.4
96.4
95.9
95.8
95.7
95.7
60.4
60.2
60.2
58.9
57.5
76.3
76.1
76.3
75.6
74.9
96.7
96.4
96.2
96.2
96.3
59.0
58.9
59.2
57.8
56.8
77.6
77.3
76.9
74.7
74.7
93.6
92.6
93.2
91.4
91.0
69.8
69.7
68.6
67.0
66.4
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
74.8
75.8
75.6
76.1
76.1
95.5
95.5
95.9
95.7
95.0
58.4
60.2
59.2
60.4
61.1
75.1
76.2
76.0
76.4
76.6
96.4
96.2
96.4
96.2
95.5
57.2
59.3
58.3
59.4
60.5
74.7
75.0
74.8
75.0
74.5
90.6
90.6
92.8
92.4
90.2
67.0
67.2
65.7
66.7
66.6
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
75.7
75.7
76.0
75.8
76.0
94.7
94.7
95.0
94.0
94.4
60.7
60.6
61.4
61.1
61.0
76.4
76.1
76.6
76.2
76.6
95.7
95.3
95.5
94.9
95.0
60.3
60.0
61.2
60.3
60.8
74.2
75.0
75.5
76.6
75.9
91.0
89.2
92.2
89.9
90.2
65.6
67.5
67.0
68.8
67.6
See note at end of table.
40
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 11. Labor force participation rates by presence and age of youngest child, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 1994–2014 annual averages—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Asian
Total
Men
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Women
Total
Men
Women
With no children under 18 years
1994…………
—
—
—
62.3
71.5
51.5
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
61.2
61.6
62.6
62.8
62.5
70.9
71.3
72.1
72.1
71.6
50.2
50.5
51.4
51.7
52.2
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
—
—
61.2
59.7
59.1
—
—
67.8
66.4
65.0
—
—
55.0
53.7
53.5
63.7
63.0
63.9
62.8
63.5
73.2
72.4
72.7
72.1
72.6
52.6
52.6
53.2
51.5
52.5
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
59.9
60.0
60.2
60.3
59.0
66.0
66.2
66.6
66.6
65.3
54.3
54.1
54.0
54.4
53.1
63.0
63.7
63.7
63.5
62.6
72.1
73.0
72.8
72.7
70.7
51.9
52.2
52.4
52.1
52.8
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
58.1
58.0
58.1
58.8
57.0
64.3
63.9
63.2
64.5
63.0
52.4
52.6
53.4
53.6
51.7
62.0
60.8
60.7
60.6
60.5
69.8
68.3
68.1
68.2
68.0
52.3
51.6
52.0
51.9
51.8
With children under 18 years
1994…………
—
—
—
70.2
92.1
54.7
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
71.0
72.3
74.0
74.2
74.6
92.2
93.7
93.4
92.9
93.8
55.6
56.7
59.6
60.2
60.3
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
—
—
78.3
78.9
77.9
—
—
93.2
93.5
93.8
—
—
66.6
67.0
64.9
75.7
75.7
75.8
75.1
74.9
93.8
93.6
93.2
93.4
93.9
62.0
62.0
62.7
61.2
60.4
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
77.9
78.3
78.9
80.0
80.1
93.1
93.2
93.1
93.0
94.1
65.6
66.3
67.1
68.8
68.0
74.5
75.3
76.5
76.4
76.5
94.2
94.2
94.8
94.4
94.2
59.6
60.9
61.4
61.4
61.5
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
78.2
78.3
76.7
77.0
77.4
92.2
93.0
93.0
92.7
93.3
66.2
65.4
63.2
64.2
64.3
76.6
76.1
76.4
75.3
75.8
93.9
93.5
93.7
92.9
93.1
62.1
61.8
63.2
61.2
62.0
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov41 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 11. Labor force participation rates by presence and age of youngest child, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 1994–2014 annual averages—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Asian
Total
Men
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Women
Total
Men
Women
With children 6 to 17 years, none younger
1994…………
—
—
—
74.9
89.7
64.5
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
75.4
77.3
77.6
77.5
78.6
89.7
92.3
91.2
90.6
91.2
65.5
66.7
68.2
68.1
69.5
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
—
—
82.6
82.9
82.6
—
—
91.6
93.5
93.8
—
—
75.7
74.3
73.4
79.3
79.6
79.0
78.8
79.6
91.5
91.7
91.1
91.5
92.8
70.5
70.9
70.2
69.4
70.2
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
80.7
80.8
81.8
82.7
82.7
92.3
91.8
91.7
91.8
92.9
71.2
72.0
73.6
74.9
74.0
78.8
79.1
80.5
80.4
80.7
92.9
92.6
93.1
93.2
93.6
68.7
69.4
70.4
70.0
69.9
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
81.8
80.8
78.4
78.8
80.1
92.2
92.2
91.6
91.7
92.6
73.1
71.2
67.7
68.4
70.1
80.1
79.2
79.4
78.1
78.4
92.6
91.9
92.7
91.8
91.9
69.9
69.0
69.1
67.5
68.2
With children under 6 years
1994…………
—
—
—
66.6
94.0
47.0
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
67.6
68.5
70.9
71.3
71.2
94.1
94.8
95.1
94.9
95.9
47.7
48.7
52.3
53.0
52.1
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
—
—
73.5
74.2
73.1
—
—
94.8
93.4
93.8
—
—
56.3
58.5
56.0
72.5
72.2
73.1
71.9
70.6
95.7
95.2
94.8
94.9
94.8
54.5
53.8
56.1
53.4
51.2
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
74.9
75.6
75.8
77.1
77.3
94.0
94.8
94.8
94.3
95.4
59.3
59.9
59.9
61.9
61.4
70.6
71.7
72.9
72.7
72.4
95.4
95.6
96.1
95.5
94.9
50.9
52.7
53.0
53.0
53.1
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
74.3
75.4
74.7
74.9
74.3
92.2
93.8
94.5
93.8
94.0
58.3
58.4
57.8
59.3
57.4
73.2
73.2
73.3
72.3
73.1
95.2
95.0
94.6
94.0
94.4
54.6
54.7
57.0
54.5
55.2
See note at end of table.
42
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 11. Labor force participation rates by presence and age of youngest child, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 1994–2014 annual averages—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Total
Asian
Men
Women
Total
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Men
Women
With children under 3 years
1994…………
—
—
—
64.4
94.1
42.2
1995…………
1996…………
1997…………
1998…………
1999…………
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
65.7
66.2
68.6
69.5
68.8
94.1
94.6
94.6
95.0
96.2
43.7
44.7
48.0
48.9
47.4
2000…………
2001…………
2002…………
2003…………
2004…………
—
—
72.1
73.0
70.2
—
—
95.4
94.5
93.8
—
—
53.5
55.1
50.4
70.4
69.7
70.3
69.5
68.2
96.2
95.3
95.1
95.2
95.2
50.0
48.7
50.3
47.9
46.0
2005…………
2006…………
2007…………
2008…………
2009…………
72.4
73.4
73.6
75.9
76.1
92.9
94.2
94.2
94.4
95.9
55.8
56.8
56.2
59.5
58.2
67.7
69.5
69.9
70.3
70.0
96.0
95.9
96.0
95.9
94.4
45.0
48.6
47.6
47.9
49.1
2010…………
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
72.2
73.8
72.4
72.5
72.6
91.2
95.3
94.3
92.6
94.5
55.3
54.1
53.7
55.5
53.4
71.3
71.3
71.2
70.3
70.8
95.3
95.5
95.5
94.3
95.1
50.8
50.1
52.4
50.4
50.6
Note: Beginning in 2003, estimates for White, Black or African American, and Asian race groups include people who selected that
race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included in these groups. Prior to 2003, people who
reported more than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian estimates for 2000–2002 are for
Asians and Pacific Islanders; beginning in 2003, Asian is a separate category. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or
Latino may be of any race. Children are "own" children and include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not
included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Dash indicates data not available.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov43 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 12. Unemployment rates by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1972–2014 annual averages
(Percent)
Year
Total
Black or African American
White
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Asian
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
1972….………
5.6
5.0
6.6
5.1
4.5
5.9
10.4
9.3
11.8
—
—
—
1973…………
4.9
4.2
6.0
4.3
3.8
5.3
9.4
8.0
11.1
—
—
—
—
7.5
—
6.7
—
9.0
1974…………
5.6
4.9
6.7
5.0
4.4
6.1
10.5
9.8
11.3
—
—
—
8.1
7.3
9.4
1975…………
8.5
7.9
9.3
7.8
7.2
8.6
14.8
14.8
14.8
—
—
—
12.2
11.4
13.5
1976…………
7.7
7.1
8.6
7.0
6.4
7.9
14.0
13.7
14.3
—
—
—
11.5
10.8
12.7
1977…………
7.1
6.3
8.2
6.2
5.5
7.3
14.0
13.3
14.9
—
—
—
10.1
9.0
11.9
1978…………
6.1
5.3
7.2
5.2
4.6
6.2
12.8
11.8
13.8
—
—
—
9.1
7.7
11.3
1979…………
5.8
5.1
6.8
5.1
4.5
5.9
12.3
11.4
13.3
—
—
—
8.3
7.0
10.3
1980…………
7.1
6.9
7.4
6.3
6.1
6.5
14.3
14.5
14.0
—
—
—
10.1
9.7
10.7
1981…………
7.6
7.4
7.9
6.7
6.5
6.9
15.6
15.7
15.6
—
—
—
10.4
10.2
10.8
1982…………
9.7
9.9
9.4
8.6
8.8
8.3
18.9
20.1
17.6
—
—
—
13.8
13.6
14.1
1983…………
9.6
9.9
9.2
8.4
8.8
7.9
19.5
20.3
18.6
—
—
—
13.7
13.6
13.8
1984…………
7.5
7.4
7.6
6.5
6.4
6.5
15.9
16.4
15.4
—
—
—
10.7
10.5
11.1
1985…………
7.2
7.0
7.4
6.2
6.1
6.4
15.1
15.3
14.9
—
—
—
10.5
10.2
11.0
1986…………
7.0
6.9
7.1
6.0
6.0
6.1
14.5
14.8
14.2
—
—
—
10.6
10.5
10.8
1987…………
6.2
6.2
6.2
5.3
5.4
5.2
13.0
12.7
13.2
—
—
—
8.8
8.7
8.9
1988…………
5.5
5.5
5.6
4.7
4.7
4.7
11.7
11.7
11.7
—
—
—
8.2
8.1
8.3
1989…………
5.3
5.2
5.4
4.5
4.5
4.5
11.4
11.5
11.4
—
—
—
8.0
7.6
8.8
1990…………
5.6
5.7
5.5
4.8
4.9
4.7
11.4
11.9
10.9
—
—
—
8.2
8.0
8.4
1991…………
7.2
7.9
6.4
7.0
6.1
6.6
6.5
7.0
5.6
6.1
12.5
14.2
13.0
15.2
12.0
13.2
—
—
—
1992…………
6.8
7.5
—
—
—
10.0
11.6
10.3
11.7
9.6
11.4
1993…………
6.9
7.2
6.6
6.1
6.3
5.7
13.0
13.8
12.1
—
—
—
10.8
10.6
11.0
1994…………
6.1
6.2
6.0
5.3
5.4
5.2
11.5
12.0
11.0
—
—
—
9.9
9.4
10.7
1995…………
5.6
5.6
5.6
4.9
4.9
4.8
10.4
10.6
10.2
—
—
—
9.3
8.8
10.0
1996…………
5.4
5.4
5.4
4.7
4.7
4.7
10.5
11.1
10.0
—
—
—
8.9
7.9
10.2
1997…………
4.9
4.9
5.0
4.2
4.2
4.2
10.0
10.2
9.9
—
—
—
7.7
7.0
8.9
1998…………
4.5
4.4
4.6
3.9
3.9
3.9
8.9
8.9
9.0
—
—
—
7.2
6.4
8.2
1999…………
4.2
4.1
4.3
3.7
3.6
3.8
8.0
8.2
7.8
—
—
—
6.4
5.6
7.6
2000…………
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.5
3.4
3.6
7.6
8.0
7.1
3.6
3.6
3.6
5.7
5.0
6.8
2001…………
4.7
4.8
4.7
4.2
4.2
4.1
8.6
9.3
8.1
4.5
4.5
4.4
6.6
5.9
7.5
2002…………
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.1
5.3
4.9
10.2
10.7
9.8
5.9
6.1
5.7
7.5
7.2
8.0
2003…………
6.0
6.3
5.7
5.2
5.6
4.8
10.8
11.6
10.2
6.0
6.2
5.7
7.7
7.2
8.4
2004…………
5.5
5.6
5.4
4.8
5.0
4.7
10.4
11.1
9.8
4.4
4.5
4.3
7.0
6.5
7.6
2005…………
5.1
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.0
4.0
9.5
8.4
3.9
4.0
10.5
9.5
4.0
4.6
10.0
8.9
4.0
4.6
5.1
4.6
5.1
2006…………
3.0
3.0
3.1
6.0
5.2
5.4
4.8
6.9
5.9
2007…………
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.1
4.2
4.0
8.3
9.1
7.5
3.2
3.1
3.4
5.6
5.3
6.1
2008…………
5.8
6.1
5.4
5.2
5.5
4.9
10.1
11.4
8.9
4.0
4.1
3.7
7.6
7.6
7.7
2009…………
9.3
10.3
8.1
8.5
9.4
7.3
14.8
17.5
12.4
7.3
7.9
6.6
12.1
12.5
11.5
2010…………
9.6
10.5
8.6
8.7
9.6
7.7
16.0
18.4
13.8
7.5
7.8
7.1
12.5
12.7
12.3
2011…………
2012…………
2013…………
2014…………
8.9
8.1
7.4
6.2
9.4
8.2
7.6
6.3
8.5
7.9
7.1
6.1
7.9
7.2
6.5
5.3
8.3
7.4
6.8
5.4
7.5
7.0
6.2
5.2
15.8
13.8
13.1
11.3
17.8
15.0
14.2
12.2
14.1
12.8
12.1
10.5
7.0
5.9
5.2
5.0
6.8
5.8
5.6
5.3
7.3
6.1
4.8
4.6
11.5
10.3
9.1
7.4
11.2
9.9
8.8
6.8
11.8
10.9
9.5
8.2
See note at end of table.
44
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 12. Unemployment rates by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 1972–2014 annual averages—Continued
(Percent)
Year
Native Hawaiian and
Other Pacific Islander
American Indian and Alaska Native
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Two or More Races
Women
Total
Men
Women
2003………….....
2004………….....
10.5
9.6
11.2
9.7
9.6
9.4
7.7
6.1
6.9
6.8
8.6
5.4
9.1
8.7
9.3
8.7
8.9
8.7
2005………………
2006………...…..
2007………………
2008………………
2009………………
9.3
7.9
8.1
9.9
13.3
8.7
7.9
7.9
10.8
15.5
10.1
8.0
8.4
8.8
10.8
4.3
5.3
4.8
6.4
10.8
4.8
6.3
5.4
7.7
11.6
3.9
4.3
4.3
4.9
10.0
8.0
6.7
7.1
9.5
13.6
7.9
7.3
7.4
10.1
14.2
8.2
6.0
6.8
8.7
12.9
2010………………
15.1
17.3
12.7
12.0
13.6
10.4
13.6
14.2
13.0
2011………………
2012………………
2013………………
2014…………….
14.6
12.3
12.8
11.3
15.4
11.9
13.3
11.9
13.7
12.7
12.1
10.6
10.4
11.8
10.2
6.1
11.4
12.4
11.1
5.7
9.3
11.2
9.3
6.6
13.6
11.9
11.0
10.2
14.0
12.1
11.4
10.9
13.1
11.5
10.5
9.5
Note: Beginning in 2003, estimates for White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian and Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian
and Other Pacific Islander race groups include people who selected that race group only; people who selected more than one race group
are included in the Two or More Races category. Prior to 2003, people who reported more than one race were included in the group they
identified as the main race. Asian estimates for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific Islanders; beginning in 2003, Asian is a separate
category, as is Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov45 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 13. Unemployed people by duration of unemployment, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
2014 annual averages
Duration of unemployment
Total, 16 years and older (In thousands)……….……………………………
Percent……………………………………………………………………………
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
9,617
100.0
6,540
100.0
2,141
100.0
436
100.0
1,878
100.0
Less than 5 weeks……………………….....…………………………………
5 to 14 weeks………………………………………………..............…………
15 to 26 weeks……………………………................................……………
27 weeks and over………………………………………………..............…
25.7
25.3
15.6
33.5
27.5
25.9
15.1
31.5
20.4
22.8
17.3
39.6
23.3
24.3
14.6
37.7
28.9
25.7
15.5
29.9
Average (mean) duration, in weeks ¹…………………………………………
Median duration, in weeks……………………………………………………
33.7
14.0
32.3
12.9
37.9
19.5
38.3
16.3
30.4
12.4
Men, 16 years and older (In thousands)……….…………………...…………
Percent……………………………………………………………………………
5,190
100.0
3,572
100.0
1,091
100.0
246
100.0
996
100.0
Less than 5 weeks……………………….....…………………………………
5 to 14 weeks………………………………………………..............…………
15 to 26 weeks……………………………................................……………
27 weeks and over………………………………………………..............…
25.7
24.6
15.7
34.0
27.4
25.2
15.3
32.2
20.3
22.0
17.1
40.6
22.4
24.0
15.3
38.3
30.5
24.8
15.2
29.5
Average (mean) duration, in weeks ¹…………………………………………
Median duration, in weeks……………………………………………………
34.3
14.4
33.2
13.3
38.5
20.4
39.7
17.3
29.8
12.0
4,426
100.0
2,968
100.0
1,050
100.0
190
100.0
882
100.0
Less than 5 weeks……………………….....…………………………………
5 to 14 weeks………………………………………………..............…………
15 to 26 weeks……………………………................................……………
27 weeks and over………………………………………………..............…
25.7
26.0
15.4
32.8
27.6
26.8
14.9
30.7
20.5
23.6
17.4
38.5
24.6
24.8
13.8
36.9
27.2
26.7
15.8
30.3
Average (mean) duration, in weeks ¹………………………..………………
Median duration, in weeks…………………………………………...………
33.0
13.7
31.3
12.4
37.4
18.5
36.4
15.0
31.1
12.8
Women, 16 years and older (In thousands)……….……………………….…
Percent……………………………………………………………………………
1
Beginning in January 2011, this series reflects a change to the collection of data on unemployment duration. For more information,
see http://www.bls.gov/cps/duration.htm.
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
46
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov
L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 14. Unemployed people by reason for unemployment, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Reason for unemployment
Total
Black or
African
American
White
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Asian
Total, 16 years and older (In thousands)……….……………………….…
Percent…………………………………………………………………………
9,617
100.0
6,540
100.0
2,141
100.0
436
100.0
1,878
100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs………………
50.7
52.8
46.9
46.0
50.0
On temporary layoff.............……………………………………………
10.5
12.4
6.0
5.2
10.9
Not on temporary layoff.....................................…………………...…
40.3
40.4
41.0
40.8
39.1
Permanent job losers.............…………………………………………
29.2
29.8
28.3
32.4
26.3
Persons who completed temporary jobs...................………………
11.0
10.6
12.7
8.4
12.8
8.6
9.1
6.6
9.2
7.2
Reentrants.....................................…………………………………...…
29.4
28.1
33.0
29.5
29.9
New entrants.....................................……………………………...……
11.3
10.1
13.4
15.3
13.0
Men, 16 years and older (In thousands)……….………………………….
Percent…………………………………………………………………………
5,190
100.0
3,572
100.0
1,091
100.0
246
100.0
996
100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs………………
56.4
58.9
50.9
50.8
59.3
On temporary layoff.............……………………………………………
11.9
14.0
6.6
4.1
12.8
Not on temporary layoff.....................................………………………
44.5
44.8
44.4
46.7
46.6
Permanent job losers.............…………………………………………
31.7
32.4
29.8
37.8
30.7
Persons who completed temporary jobs...................………………
12.7
12.4
14.6
8.9
15.9
Job leavers.....................................…………………………………….…
8.0
8.5
5.7
8.9
6.5
Reentrants.....................................………………………………………
24.7
23.0
29.5
24.8
22.5
New entrants.....................................……………………………...……
11.0
9.6
13.9
15.9
11.6
Women, 16 years and older (In thousands) ……….…………………...…
Percent…………………………………………………………………………
4,426
100.0
2,968
100.0
1,050
100.0
190
100.0
882
100.0
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs………………
44.1
45.4
42.9
40.0
39.5
On temporary layoff.............……………………………………………
8.8
10.3
5.3
6.8
8.8
Not on temporary layoff.....................................………………………
35.3
35.1
37.5
33.2
30.6
Permanent job losers.............…………………………………………
26.3
26.5
26.8
25.3
21.3
Persons who completed temporary jobs...................………………
9.0
8.5
10.8
7.9
9.3
Job leavers.....................................………………………………………
9.2
9.7
7.6
9.5
7.9
Reentrants.....................................…………………………………...…
35.0
34.2
36.7
35.8
38.2
New entrants.....................................…………………………..…………
11.7
10.7
13.0
14.7
14.4
Job leavers.....................................……………………………………..…
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not
presented for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov47 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 15. People in the labor force and not in the labor force by selected characteristics, 2014 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Not in the labor force
Want a job
Age, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian labor
force 1
Searched for work in previous year,
but not in past 4 weeks
Total
Do not
want a
job now
Marginally attached
(available to work now) 2
Total
Total
Total
Discouraged
workers 3
Other4
Total
Total, 16 years and older..................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………………
155,922
21,295
100,767
33,860
92,025
17,418
23,744
50,863
6,323
2,041
2,669
1,614
2,875
969
1,332
574
2,207
666
1,048
493
739
184
350
205
1,468
482
697
289
85,702
15,377
21,075
49,250
Men, 16 years and older...................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older…………............
82,882
11,009
53,925
17,948
36,865
8,507
7,224
21,135
2,934
1,060
1,108
767
1,409
520
609
281
1,139
373
515
251
443
116
213
114
696
257
302
137
33,932
7,447
6,116
20,368
Women, 16 years and older..............
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older………...............
73,039
10,286
46,842
15,912
55,159
8,911
16,520
29,729
3,389
981
1,561
847
1,465
449
723
293
1,068
294
532
242
296
68
137
91
772
226
395
152
51,770
7,930
14,959
28,882
Total, 16 years and older..................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older………...............
123,327
16,402
78,537
28,388
72,170
12,303
17,447
42,420
4,391
1,388
1,781
1,222
1,925
632
861
431
1,472
431
671
370
478
116
215
147
994
314
457
223
67,779
10,916
15,666
41,198
Men, 16 years and older...................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………........
66,680
8,558
42,845
15,276
28,834
6,012
5,080
17,741
2,055
730
731
594
945
341
392
212
761
239
333
189
288
73
131
84
474
166
203
105
26,779
5,282
4,349
17,148
Women, 16 years and older..............
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older…………............
56,648
7,844
35,692
13,111
43,337
6,291
12,367
24,679
2,337
658
1,050
629
980
292
469
220
711
191
338
182
190
43
84
63
521
148
254
118
41,000
5,634
11,316
24,050
Total, 16 years and older..................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………........
18,873
2,986
12,712
3,175
11,970
2,982
3,575
5,413
1,234
431
538
266
619
230
299
90
504
170
255
80
194
54
105
35
310
115
150
44
10,736
2,551
3,037
5,147
Men, 16 years and older...................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older…………............
8,909
1,461
5,975
1,473
5,089
1,460
1,426
2,202
563
217
236
110
299
120
136
42
256
95
124
38
115
35
63
18
141
60
61
20
4,525
1,243
1,190
2,092
Women, 16 years and older..............
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older………...............
9,964
1,525
6,737
1,702
6,881
1,522
2,149
3,211
671
214
302
155
320
110
163
47
248
75
131
42
79
19
42
18
169
55
90
24
6,210
1,308
1,847
3,056
White
Black or African American
See footnotes at end of table.
48
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Table 15. People in the labor force and not in the labor force by selected characteristics, 2014 annual averages
—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Not in the labor force
Want a job
Age, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Civilian labor
force 1
Searched for work in previous year,
but not in past 4 weeks
Total
Do not
want a
job now
Marginally attached
(available to work now) 2
Total
Total
Discouraged
workers 3
Total
Other4
Asian
Total, 16 years and older..................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………........
8,760
836
6,270
1,654
5,024
1,207
1,731
2,086
373
95
204
74
177
44
99
34
116
22
66
27
40
5
20
14
76
17
46
13
4,652
1,112
1,527
2,012
Men, 16 years and older...................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………………
4,648
441
3,342
865
1,771
583
401
787
168
50
80
38
91
28
47
17
62
15
32
16
23
4
13
7
39
11
19
9
1,603
532
321
749
Women, 16 years and older..............
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………........
4,112
395
2,927
789
3,253
624
1,330
1,299
204
44
124
36
86
17
52
17
53
8
34
12
16
2
7
7
37
6
27
5
3,049
580
1,206
1,263
Total, 16 years and older..................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………….....
25,370
4,424
17,895
3,051
13,030
3,880
4,744
4,406
1,177
437
564
176
498
188
249
60
384
132
198
53
120
36
59
25
264
96
139
28
11,853
3,443
4,181
4,229
Men, 16 years and older...................
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………........
14,651
2,446
10,476
1,728
4,593
1,816
1,087
1,691
507
218
204
85
231
99
102
31
189
74
88
27
71
22
35
14
118
51
54
13
4,087
1,597
883
1,607
Women, 16 years and older..............
16 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.................................
55 years and older……………….....
10,720
1,978
7,418
1,323
8,437
2,065
3,658
2,714
670
219
360
92
267
90
147
30
194
59
110
26
49
14
24
11
145
45
85
15
7,767
1,846
3,298
2,623
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
1
The sum of the employed plus the unemployed.
People "marginally attached to the labor force" are those who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were
available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
3
Discouraged workers are people marginally attached to the labor force who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such
as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks school or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
4
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as childcare and transportation problems, as well as a
small number for which reason nonparticipation was not ascertained.
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov49 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2014 annual averages
Years
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
1979…………………………
$241
$248
$199
—
$194
1980…………………………
262
269
212
—
209
1981…………………………
284
291
235
—
223
1982…………………………
302
310
245
—
240
1983…………………………
313
320
261
—
250
1984…………………………
326
336
269
—
259
1985…………………………
344
356
277
—
270
1986…………………………
359
371
291
—
277
1987…………………………
374
384
301
—
285
1988…………………………
385
395
314
—
290
1989…………………………
399
409
319
—
298
1990…………………………
412
424
329
—
304
1991…………………………
426
442
348
—
312
1992…………………………
440
458
357
—
321
1993…………………………
459
475
369
—
331
1994…………………………
467
484
371
—
324
1995…………………………
479
494
383
—
329
1996…………………………
490
506
387
—
339
1997…………………………
503
519
400
—
351
1998…………………………
523
545
426
—
370
1999…………………………
549
573
445
—
385
2000…………………………
576
590
474
$615
399
2001…………………………
596
610
491
639
417
2002…………………………
608
623
498
658
424
2003…………………………
620
636
514
693
440
2004…………………………
638
657
525
708
456
2005…………………………
2006…………………………
2007…………………………
2008…………………………
2009…………………………
651
671
695
722
739
672
690
716
742
757
520
554
569
589
601
753
784
830
861
880
471
486
503
529
541
2010…………………………
2011…………………….……
2012……………………...….
2013…………………………
2014…………………………
747
756
768
776
791
765
775
792
802
816
611
615
621
629
639
855
866
920
942
953
535
549
568
578
594
See note at end of table.
50
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Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2014 annual averages—Continued
Years
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Men
1979…………………………
$292
$298
$227
—
$219
1980…………………………
1981…………………………
1982…………………………
1983…………………………
1984…………………………
313
340
364
379
392
320
350
375
387
401
244
268
278
294
303
—
—
—
—
—
234
251
269
274
287
1985…………………………
1986…………………………
1987…………………………
1988…………………………
1989…………………………
407
419
434
449
468
418
433
450
465
482
305
319
327
348
348
—
—
—
—
—
296
299
306
308
315
1990…………………………
1991…………………………
1992…………………………
1993…………………………
1994…………………………
481
493
501
510
522
494
506
514
524
547
361
375
380
392
400
—
—
—
—
—
318
323
339
346
343
1995………………………...
1996…………………………
1997…………………………
1998…………………………
1999…………………………
538
557
579
598
618
566
580
595
615
638
411
412
432
468
488
—
—
—
—
—
350
356
371
390
406
2000…………………………
2001………………………...
2002………………………...
2003…………………………
2004……………………...…
641
670
679
695
713
662
689
702
715
732
510
529
524
555
569
$685
732
756
772
802
417
440
451
464
480
2005…………………………
2006…………………………
2007…………………………
2008…………………………
2009…………………………
722
743
766
798
819
743
761
788
825
845
559
591
600
620
621
825
882
936
966
952
489
505
520
559
569
2010…………………………
2011………………………...…
2012……………………….…
2013…………………………
2014…………………………
824
832
854
860
871
850
856
879
884
897
633
653
665
664
680
936
970
1,055
1,059
1,080
560
571
592
594
616
See note at end of table.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov51 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2014 annual averages—Continued
Years
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Women
1979…………………………
$182
$184
$169
—
$157
1980…………………………
1981…………………………
1982…………………………
1983…………………………
1984…………………………
201
219
239
252
265
203
221
242
254
268
185
206
217
232
241
—
—
—
—
—
172
190
203
215
223
1985…………………………
1986…………………………
1987…………………………
1988…………………………
1989…………………………
277
291
303
315
328
281
294
307
318
334
252
264
276
288
301
—
—
—
—
—
230
241
251
260
269
1990…………………………
1991…………………………
1992…………………………
1993…………………………
1994…………………………
346
366
380
393
399
353
373
387
401
408
308
323
335
348
346
—
—
—
—
—
278
292
302
313
305
1995………………………....
1996…………………………
1997…………………………
1998…………………………
1999…………………………
406
418
431
456
473
415
428
444
468
483
355
362
375
400
409
—
—
—
—
—
305
316
318
337
348
2000…………………………
2001…………………………
2002………………………...
2003…………………………
2004………………………...
493
512
529
552
573
502
522
547
567
584
429
454
473
491
505
$547
563
566
598
613
366
388
397
410
419
2005…………………………
2006…………………………
2007…………………………
2008…………………………
2009…………………………
585
600
614
638
657
596
609
626
654
669
499
519
533
554
582
665
699
731
753
779
429
440
473
501
509
2010…………………………
2011……………………….…
2012…………………………
2013…………………………
2014…………………………
669
684
691
706
719
684
703
710
722
734
592
595
599
606
611
773
751
770
819
841
508
518
521
541
548
See note at end of table.
52
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Table 16. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity,
1979–2014 annual averages—Continued
Years
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Women's earnings as a percent of men's
1979…………………………
62.3
61.7
74.4
—
71.7
1980…………………………
1981…………………………
1982…………………………
1983…………………………
1984…………………………
64.2
64.4
65.7
66.5
67.6
63.4
63.1
64.5
65.6
66.8
75.8
76.9
78.1
78.9
79.5
—
—
—
—
—
73.5
75.7
75.5
78.5
77.7
1985…………………………
1986…………………………
1987…………………………
1988…………………………
1989…………………………
68.1
69.5
69.8
70.2
70.1
67.2
67.9
68.2
68.4
69.3
82.6
82.8
84.4
82.8
86.5
—
—
—
—
—
77.7
80.6
82.0
84.4
85.4
1990…………………………
1991…………………………
1992…………………………
1993…………………………
1994…………………………
71.9
74.2
75.8
77.1
76.4
71.5
73.7
75.3
76.5
74.6
85.3
86.1
88.2
88.8
86.5
—
—
—
—
—
87.4
90.4
89.1
90.5
88.9
1995………………………....
1996…………………………
1997…………………………
1998…………………………
1999…………………………
75.5
75.0
74.4
76.3
76.5
73.3
73.8
74.6
76.1
75.7
86.4
87.9
86.8
85.5
83.8
—
—
—
—
—
87.1
88.8
85.7
86.4
85.7
2000…………………………
2001………………………....
2002………………………....
2003…………………………
2004……………………....…
76.9
76.4
77.9
79.4
80.4
75.8
75.8
77.9
79.3
79.8
84.1
85.8
90.3
88.5
88.8
79.9
76.9
74.9
77.5
76.4
87.8
88.2
88.0
88.4
87.3
2005…………………………
2006…………………………
2007…………………………
2008…………………………
2009…………………………
81.0
80.8
80.2
79.9
80.2
80.2
80.0
79.4
79.3
79.2
89.3
87.8
88.8
89.4
93.7
80.6
79.3
78.1
78.0
81.8
87.7
87.1
91.0
89.6
89.5
2010…………………………
2011…………………..………
2012………………………...…
2013…………………………
2014…………………………
81.2
82.2
80.9
82.1
82.5
80.5
82.1
80.8
81.7
81.8
93.5
91.1
90.1
91.3
89.9
82.6
77.4
73.0
77.3
77.9
90.7
90.7
88.0
91.1
89.0
Note: Beginning in 2003, estimates for White, Black or African American, and Asian race groups include people who selected that race
group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included in these groups. Prior to 2003, people who reported more
than one race were included in the group they identified as the main race. Asian estimates for 2000–2002 are for Asians and Pacific
Islanders; beginning in 2003, Asian is a separate category. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Dash indicates data not available.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
BLS Reports │ November 2015 • www.bls.gov53 L A B O R F O R C E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S B Y R A C E A N D E T H N I C I T Y, 2 0 1 4
Table 17. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by educational attainment, gender, race, and
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Educational attainment and gender
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total, 25 years and older…………………………………..………
$839
$864
$674
$991
$619
Less than a high school diploma......……………………………
High school graduates, no college1...…………………………
488
493
440
477
466
668
696
579
604
595
Some college, no degree..................……………………………
Associate's degree..............................………………………..
Bachelor's degree and higher2…………………………………
741
792
771
817
620
677
717
798
675
714
1,193
1,219
970
1,328
1,007
Men, 25 years and older………………………………..…………
922
950
719
1,128
652
Less than a high school diploma......……………………………
High school graduates, no college1...…………………………
517
522
476
493
497
751
777
630
664
637
Some college, no degree..................……………………………
846
911
891
938
680
743
743
857
756
825
1,385
1,416
1,027
1,472
1,161
Women, 25 years and older…………………………………..……
752
767
633
877
581
Less than a high school diploma......……………………………
High school graduates, no college1...…………………………
409
406
413
450
390
578
591
509
543
517
Some college, no degree..................……………………………
631
701
651
717
584
629
670
749
598
617
1,049
1,059
942
1,140
907
Associate's degree..............................………………………..
Bachelor's degree and higher2…………………………………
Associate's degree..............................………………………..
Bachelor's degree and higher2…………………………………
1
Includes people with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes people with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.
Note: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
2
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Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2014 annual averages
Occupation and gender
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total, 16 years and older………………………………………………………………
$791
$816
$639
$953
Management, professional, and related occupations…………………………….
1,137
1,146
903
1,365
937
Management, business, and financial operations occupations……………….
1,227
1,244
973
1,402
943
Management occupations………………………………………………………
1,295
1,324
1,026
1,539
978
Business and financial operations occupations………………………………
1,107
1,125
922
1,219
870
Professional and related occupations………………………………………..……
1,078
1,085
868
1,351
933
Computer and mathematical occupations………………………………...……
1,368
1,352
1,000
1,556
1,173
Architecture and engineering occupations………………………….…………
1,377
1,374
1,199
1,454
1,228
Life, physical, and social science occupations……………………………...…
1,168
1,165
931
1,337
1,019
Community and social services occupations…………………………………
$594
858
887
749
867
807
Legal occupations…………………………………………………………………
1,271
1,330
1,029
1,557
1,039
Education, training, and library occupations……………………………………
953
966
851
1,042
860
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations…………………
956
965
938
940
928
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……………………………
1,033
1,050
824
1,239
926
505
512
483
511
454
Healthcare support occupations……………………………………………………
498
504
480
517
489
Protective service occupations……………………………………………………
833
889
672
748
769
Food preparation and serving related occupations………………………………
439
438
416
503
417
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations…………………
480
486
446
486
419
Personal care and service occupations………………………….………………
487
485
484
502
476
Sales and office occupations…………………………………………………………
666
680
593
731
580
Sales and related occupations……………………………………………………
705
742
543
702
548
Office and administrative support occupations………………………………..…
651
653
613
743
590
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations…………………
756
765
658
857
584
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………………..……………
Construction and extraction occupations……………………………………..…
429
756
427
764
456
632
498
856
394
599
Service occupations…………………………………………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……………………..………
821
830
720
877
679
Production, transportation, and material-moving occupations……………………
642
663
597
594
540
Production occupations……………………………………………………………
646
668
593
585
528
Transportation and material-moving occupations……………………….………
637
657
601
617
550
See note at end of table.
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Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2014 annual averages—Continued
Occupation and gender
Men, 16 years and older………………………………………………………………
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
$871
$897
$680
$1,080
$616
Management, professional, and related occupations…………………………….
1,346
1,356
1,012
1,516
1,107
Management, business, and financial operations occupations……………….
1,416
1,438
1,029
1,609
1,063
Management occupations………………………………………………………
1,454
1,472
1,099
1,746
1,102
Business and financial operations occupations………………………………
1,310
1,337
966
1,427
1,003
Professional and related occupations………………………………………..……
1,286
1,292
1,001
1,481
1,129
Computer and mathematical occupations………………………………...……
1,435
1,412
1,148
1,651
1,216
Architecture and engineering occupations………………………….…………
1,413
1,416
1,233
1,469
1,266
Life, physical, and social science occupations……………………………...…
1,247
1,245
1,079
1,415
1,091
934
962
754
946
830
Legal occupations…………………………………………………………………
1,765
1,751
1,666
1,983
1,530
Community and social services occupations…………………………………
Education, training, and library occupations……………………………………
1,141
1,159
948
1,250
1,066
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations…………………
1,024
1,045
899
979
1,015
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……………………………
1,256
1,281
981
1,347
1,049
583
594
528
592
489
Healthcare support occupations……………………………………………………
560
590
497
591
504
Protective service occupations……………………………………………………
886
940
732
828
821
Food preparation and serving related occupations………………………………
463
467
413
544
441
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations…………………
517
523
473
511
458
Personal care and service occupations………………………….………………
607
605
562
726
577
Sales and office occupations…………………………………………………………
766
802
602
754
620
Sales and related occupations……………………………………………………
841
887
607
742
660
Office and administrative support occupations………………………………..…
701
718
595
763
594
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations…………………
764
772
671
860
594
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………………..……………
457
459
474
622
408
Construction and extraction occupations……………………………………..…
757
766
633
858
600
Service occupations…………………………………………………………………
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……………………..………
824
833
727
873
682
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations……………………
689
707
624
627
589
Production occupations……………………………………………………………
711
730
648
617
599
Transportation and material moving occupations……………………….………
664
684
614
641
580
See note at end of table.
56
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Table 18. Median usual weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by occupation, gender, race, and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2014 annual averages—Continued
Occupation and gender
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Women, 16 years and older……………………………………………………………
$719
$734
$611
$841
Management, professional, and related occupations…………………………….
981
989
852
1,165
843
Management, business, and financial operations occupations……………….
1,056
1,063
940
1,168
851
$548
Management occupations………………………………………………………
1,127
1,132
991
1,268
874
Business and financial operations occupations………………………………
982
987
866
1,118
832
Professional and related occupations………………………………………..……
948
955
820
1,164
839
Computer and mathematical occupations………………………………...……
1,165
1,158
895
1,364
1,001
Architecture and engineering occupations………………………….…………
1,158
1,153
917
1,411
992
Life, physical, and social science occupations……………………………...…
1,062
1,058
742
1,165
997
824
847
746
838
799
Legal occupations…………………………………………………………………
1,001
1,004
972
1,176
861
Community and social services occupations…………………………………
Education, training, and library occupations……………………………………
897
909
824
910
808
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations…………………
870
863
954
874
687
Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations……………………………
983
997
809
1,168
875
461
458
465
479
416
Healthcare support occupations……………………………………………………
492
496
478
507
488
Protective service occupations……………………………………………………
617
660
566
585
578
Food preparation and serving related occupations………………………………
419
418
418
466
393
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations…………………
413
410
412
449
387
Personal care and service occupations………………………….………………
455
454
469
446
441
Sales and office occupations…………………………………………………………
620
623
589
694
550
Sales and related occupations……………………………………………………
570
584
482
646
463
Office and administrative support occupations………………………………..…
637
637
619
727
588
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations…………………
509
511
502
524
392
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations………………………..……………
375
377
373
369
363
Construction and extraction occupations……………………………………..…
691
701
630
800
485
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations……………………..………
725
744
524
922
538
Production, transportation, and material-moving occupations……………………
504
505
495
520
417
Production occupations……………………………………………………………
502
499
499
526
425
Transportation and material-moving occupations……………………….………
510
525
472
474
397
Service occupations…………………………………………………………………
Note: People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
Source: Current Population Survey, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
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Technical Notes
The estimates in this report were obtained from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), a national monthly sample
survey of approximately 60,000 eligible households that
provides a wide range of information on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment. Earnings data are
collected from one-fourth of the CPS monthly sample. The
survey is conducted for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) by the U.S. Census Bureau using a scientifically
selected national sample with coverage in all 50 states and
the District of Columbia.
Material in this report is in the public domain and may
be reproduced without permission. This information is
available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request.
Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800)
877-8339.
Concepts and definitions
Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are people
16 years of age and older residing in the 50 states and the
District of Columbia who are not confined to institutions,
such as nursing homes and prisons, and who are not on
active duty in the Armed Forces.
Employed. Employed people are all those who, during
the survey reference week (which is generally the week
including the 12th day of the month), (a) did any work at
all as paid employees; (b) worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; (c) worked 15 hours or
more as unpaid workers in a family member’s business.
People who were temporarily absent from their jobs or
businesses because of illness, vacation, labor dispute, or
another reason also are counted as employed.
Unemployed. The unemployed are people who had no
employment during the reference week, were available
for work (except for temporary illness), and had made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
4-week period ending with the reference week. People who
were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had
58
been laid off need not have been looking for work to be
classified as unemployed.
Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of
time (through the reference week) that people classified
as unemployed had been looking for work. For people on
layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number
of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration
is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks
of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a
distribution of weeks of unemployment.
Reason for unemployment. Unemployment also is
categorized according to the status of individuals at
the time they began to look for work. The reasons for
unemployment are divided into four major groups:
1. Job losers, comprising (a) people on temporary layoff,
who have been given a date to return to work or who
expect to return within 6 months (people on layoff need
not be looking for work to qualify as unemployed),
(b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended
involuntarily and who began looking for work, and
(c) people who completed temporary jobs, who began
looking for work after the jobs ended.
2. Job leavers, people who quit or otherwise terminated
their employment voluntarily and immediately began
looking for work.
3. Reentrants, people who previously worked but who
were out of the labor force prior to beginning their job
search.
4. New entrants, people who had never worked.
Civilian labor force. This group comprises all people
classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with
the criteria described above.
Unemployment rate. This rate is the number unemployed as
a percent of the civilian labor force.
Labor force participation rate. This rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population.
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Employment–population ratio. This ratio is the number of
employed as a percentage of the population.
Not in the labor force. Included in this group are all people
in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither
employed nor unemployed. People marginally attached
to the labor force are those individuals who are not in the
labor force who wanted and were available for work and
had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months (or
since the end of their last job if they held one within the
past 12 months). They were not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached, were not looking for work because
they believed no jobs were available for them.
Occupation and industry. This information applies to the
job held during the reference week. People with two or
more jobs are classified in the occupation and industry
in which they worked the greatest number of hours. The
occupational and industry classification of CPS data is
based on the 2010 Census occupational classification
system and the 2012 Census industrial classification
system, which are derived from the 2010 Standard
Occupation Classification (SOC) and the 2012 North
American Industry Classification (NAICS). Additional
information about these classifications is available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/cpsoccind.htm.
White, Black or African American, Asian, American Indian
and Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific
Islander. In accordance with the Office of Management and
Budget guidelines, these terms are used to describe the race
of people. Beginning in 2003, people in these categories
are those who selected that race group only. Those who
identify multiple race groups are categorized as people of
Two or More Races. (Previously, people identified a group
as their main race.) People who identified themselves
as Asian are further classified as Asian Indian, Chinese,
Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, or Other Asian.
The Other Asian category includes individuals of group
not listed—such as Pakistani, Hmong, and Cambodian—
and those who reported two or more Asian groups.
Estimates for American Indians and Alaska Natives, Native
Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders, and people of
Two or More Races are not shown separately in all tables
because the number of survey respondents is too small to
develop estimates of sufficient quality. In the enumeration
process, race is determined by the household respondent.
More information on the 2003 changes to questions on race
and Hispanic ethnicity is available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf.
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. This refers to people who
identified themselves in the enumeration process as being
of Hispanic, Latino or Spanish origin. These individuals
are further classified by detailed Hispanic ethnicity.
Previous versions of this report presented data for the
following detailed Hispanic ethnicity categories: Mexican,
Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central and South American, or
Other Hispanic or Latino. The latter two categories were
expanded in 2014 into additional categories: Central
American, which includes the two subcategories of
Salvadoran and Other Central American (excluding
Salvadorans); South American; and Other Hispanic or
Latino, which includes the two subcategories of Dominican
and Other Hispanic or Latino (excluding Dominicans).
People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino
may be of any race. More information on the 2003 changes
in questions on race and Hispanic ethnicity is available
online at www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf.
Usual weekly earnings. Data represent earnings before
taxes and other deductions, and include any overtime pay,
commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job, in
the case of multiple jobholders). Earnings reported on a
basis other than weekly (for example, annual, monthly, or
hourly) are converted to weekly. The term “usual” is as
perceived by the respondent. If the respondent asks for a
definition of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the
term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4
or 5 months. Data refer to the sole or primary job of wage
and salary workers (excluding all self-employed people,
regardless of whether their businesses were incorporated).
Median earnings. These figures indicate the value that
divides the earnings distribution into two equal parts, one
part having values above the median and the other having
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values below the median. The medians shown in this
publication are calculated by linear interpolation of the $50
centered interval within which each median falls.
Family. A family is defined as a group of two or more
people residing together who are related by birth, marriage,
or adoption; all such people are considered as members of
one family. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men
without spouses.
Children. Data on children refer to one’s own children
under age 18 who live in the household. Included are sons,
daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included
are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, other related children,
and all unrelated children living in the household.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling
and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than an
entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the
sample estimates may differ from the true population
60
values they represent. The component of this difference
that occurs because samples differ by chance is known
as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the
standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90 percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from
the true population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90 percent level of
confidence.
All other types of error are referred to as nonsampling
error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons,
including the failure to sample a segment of the population,
inability to obtain information for all respondents in
the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents
to provide correct information, and errors made in the
collection or processing of data.
A more detailed discussion of the reliability of data from
the CPS and information on estimating standard errors is
available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#reliability.
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