For release 10:00 a.m. (EDT), Wednesday, April 26, 2017
USDL-17-0476
Technical Information: (202) 691-6553 • [email protected] • www.bls.gov/bdm
Media Contact:
(202) 691-5902 • [email protected]
BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS – THIRD QUARTER 2016
From June 2016 to September 2016, gross job gains from opening and expanding private-sector
establishments were 7.7 million, an increase of 187,000 jobs over the quarter, the U.S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics reported today. Over this period, gross job losses from closing and contracting private-sector
establishments were 7.0 million, a decrease of 194,000 jobs from the previous quarter. The difference
between the number of gross job gains and the number of gross job losses yielded a net employment
gain of 688,000 jobs in the private-sector during the third quarter of 2016. (See chart 1, and tables A and
1.)
Chart 1. Total private sector gross job gains and gross job losses, seasonally adjusted
March 2006 - September 2016
Thousands
10,000
9,000
8,000
Gross job gains
7,000
Gross job losses
6,000
5,000
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
NOTE: Shaded area represents National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) defined recession period.
The change in the number of jobs over time is the net result of increases and decreases in employment
that occur at all private businesses in the economy. Business Employment Dynamics (BED) statistics
track these changes in employment at private-sector establishments from the third month of one quarter
to the third month of the next. The difference between the number of gross job gains and the number of
gross job losses is the net change in employment. (See Technical Note.) The BED data series include
gross job gains and gross job losses by industry subsector, for the 50 states, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands, as well as gross job gains and gross job losses at the firm level by
employer size class.
Gross Job Gains
In the third quarter of 2016, gross job gains represented 6.4 percent of private-sector employment. Gross
job gains are the sum of increases in employment due to expansions at existing establishments and the
addition of new jobs at opening establishments. Gross job gains at expanding establishments totaled 6.2
million in the third quarter of 2016, an increase of 151,000 compared to the previous quarter. Opening
establishments accounted for 1.4 million of the jobs gained in the third quarter of 2016, an increase of
36,000 jobs from the previous quarter. (See chart 2 and 3 and tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)
Gross Job Losses
In the third quarter of 2016, gross job losses represented 5.8 percent of private-sector employment.
Gross job losses are the result of contractions in employment at existing establishments and the loss of
jobs at closing establishments. Contracting establishments lost 5.7 million jobs in the third quarter of
2016, a decrease of 109,000 jobs from the prior quarter. In the third quarter of 2016, closing
establishments lost 1.2 million jobs, a decrease of 85,000 jobs from the previous quarter. (See chart 2
and 3 and tables A, 1, 2, and 3.)
Chart 2. Components of private sector gross job gains and gross
job losses at expanding and contracting establishments,
seasonally adjusted: March 2006 - September 2016
Chart 3. Components of private sector gross job gains and gross
job losses at opening and closing establishments, seasonally
adjusted: March 2006 - September 2016
Thousands
8,000
Thousands
1,600
1,500
7,000
Openings
Expansions
1,400
6,000
1,300
5,000
Contractions
4,000
1,200
Closings
1,100
'06
'07
'08
'09
'10
'11
'12
'13
'14
'15
'16
NOTE: Shaded area represents NBER defined recession period.
'06
'07
'08
'09
'10
'11
'12
'13
'14
'15
'16
NOTE: Shaded area represents NBER defined recession period.
Establishment Births and Deaths
In the third quarter of 2016, the number of establishment births (a subset of the openings data, see the
Technical Note for more information) decreased by 14,000, to a total of 238,000 establishments. These
new establishments accounted for 866,000 jobs, a decrease of 23,000 jobs from the previous quarter.
Data for establishment deaths (a subset of the closings data) are available through the fourth quarter of
2015, when 733,000 jobs were lost at 208,000 establishments. (See table 8.)
Industries
Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 9 of 13 industries in the third quarter of 2016. The service
providing industries experienced a net job increase of 686,000 jobs in the third quarter of 2016.
Education and health services had the largest over-the-quarter net job increase, with a gain of 212,000
jobs. The net job increase in education and health services was the result of 1.0 million gross job gains
and 0.8 million gross job losses. The goods-producing industries experienced a net job increase of 2,000
jobs in the third quarter of 2016, the result of 1.3 million gross job gains and 1.3 million gross job losses.
Within the goods-producing sector, a net gain of 36,000 jobs in the construction sector offset the net job
losses of 29,000 in manufacturing and of 5,000 in the natural resource and mining sector. (See table 3.)
-2-
Table A. Three-month private sector gross job gains and losses, seasonally
adjusted
Category
Sept.
2015
Gross job gains…………...................
At expanding establishments…..
At opening establishments.….....
7,338
5,972
1,366
3 months ended
Dec.
Mar.
June
2015
2016
2016
Levels (in thousands)
7,843
6,977
7,463
6,375
5,778
6,056
1,468
1,199
1,407
Gross job losses………......................
At contracting establishments.....
At closing establishments…........
6,911
5,698
1,213
6,842
5,573
1,269
6,783
5,617
1,166
7,156
5,829
1,327
6,962
5,720
1,242
Net employment change1...…............
427
1,001
194
307
688
6.4
5.2
1.2
Sept.
2016
7,650
6,207
1,443
Gross job gains……………...............
At expanding establishments….
At opening establishments.........
6.3
5.1
1.2
Rates (percent)
6.6
5.8
6.2
5.4
4.8
5.0
1.2
1.0
1.2
Gross job losses……………..............
At contracting establishments.....
At closing establishments…........
5.8
4.8
1.0
5.8
4.7
1.1
5.7
4.7
1.0
6.0
4.9
1.1
5.8
4.8
1.0
Net employment change1.....…..........
0.5
0.8
0.1
0.2
0.6
1
The net employment change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses. See the Technical
Note for further information.
Firm Size
In the third quarter of 2016, firms with 1-49 employees had a net employment gain of 133,000. Firms
with 50-249 employees had a net employment gain of 84,000. Firms with 250 or more employees had a
net employment gain of 464,000. Of the 2.1 million net jobs created over the last four quarters, firms
with 1-49 employees contributed 30.0 percent of net job growth, while firms with 50-249 employees
contributed 17.0 percent, and firms with 250 or more employees contributed 53.0 percent. (See tables 4
and 5.)
States
Gross job gains exceeded gross job losses in 39 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in the
third quarter of 2016. Alaska had the highest rate of gross job gains as a percent of employment, at 9.0
percent, above the U.S. rate of 6.4 percent. Alaska also had the highest rate of gross job losses as a
percent of employment at 11.1 percent, above the national rate of 5.8 percent. Connecticut had the
lowest rate of gross job gains as a percent of employment at 5.2 percent. Hawaii had the lowest rate of
gross job losses as a percent of employment at 5.0 percent. (See tables 6 and 7.)
-3-
For More Information
Additional information on gross job gains and gross job losses is available online at www.bls.gov/bdm.
This information includes data on the levels and rates of gross job gains and gross job losses by firmsize, not seasonally adjusted data and other seasonally adjusted time series not presented in this release,
charts of gross job gains and gross job losses by industry and firm-size, and frequently asked questions
on firm-size data. Additional information about the Business Employment Dynamics data can be found
in the Technical Note of this release or can be obtained by emailing [email protected].
The Business Employment Dynamics for Fourth Quarter 2016 are scheduled to be released on
Wednesday, July 26, 2017 at 10:00 a.m. (EDT).
-4-
Technical Note
The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of
a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of
Employment and Wages (QCEW). The BED data are compiled by
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) from existing QCEW records. Most employers in the U.S. are required to file quarterly reports
on the employment and wages of workers covered by unemployment
insurance (UI) laws, and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The QCEW is
based largely on quarterly UI reports which are sent by businesses to
the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). These UI reports are supplemented by two additional BLS data collections to render administrative data into economic statistics. Together these data comprise the
QCEW and form the basis of the Bureau’s establishment universe
sampling frame.
These reports are used to produce the quarterly QCEW data on
total employment and wages and the longitudinal BED data on gross
job gains and losses. The QCEW is also the employment benchmark
for the Current Employment Statistics (CES), Occupational Employment Statistics (OES), and Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey
(JOLTS) programs and is a major input to the Bureau of Economic
Analysis’s Personal Income Accounts.
In the BED program, the quarterly QCEW records are linked
across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment
changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows the estimation of jobs gained at opening and expanding units and jobs lost at
closing and contracting units.
Summary of Major Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES Employment Measures
QCEW
Source
· Count of UI administrative records
submitted by 9.6 million establishments
Coverage
· UI and UCFE coverage, including
all employers subject to state and
federal UI laws
Publication fre- · Quarterly
quency
— Within 6 months after the end of
each quarter
BED
CES
· Count of longitudinally-linked UI administrative records submitted by
7.7 million private-sector establishments
· UI coverage, excluding government,
private households, and establishments with zero employment
· Sample survey: 623,000 establishments
· Quarterly
— 7 months after the end of each
quarter
· Monthly
— Usually first Friday of following
month
Nonfarm wage and salary jobs:
· UI coverage, excluding agriculture, private
households, and self-employed workers
· Other employment, including railroads,
religious organizations, and other nonUI-covered jobs
Use of UI file
· Directly summarizes and publishes
each new quarter of UI data
· Links each new UI quarter to longitu- · Uses UI file as a sampling frame and to
dinal database and directly summaannually realign sample-based estimates
rizes gross job gains and losses
to population counts (benchmarking)
Principal
products
· Provides a quarterly and annual uni- · Provides quarterly employer dynam- · Provides current monthly estimates of
verse count of establishments, emics data on establishment openings,
employment, hours, and earnings at the
ployment, and wages at the county,
closings, expansions, and contractions
MSA, state, and national level by indusMSA, state, and national levels by
at the national level by NAICS supertry
detailed industry
sectors and by size of firm, and at the
state private-sector total level
· Future expansions will include data
with greater industry detail and data
at the county and MSA level
Principal uses
· Major uses include:
— Detailed locality data
— Periodic universe counts for
benchmarking sample survey estimates
— Sample frame for BLS establishment surveys
Program Web
sites
· www.bls.gov/cew/
· Major uses include:
— Business cycle analysis
— Analysis of employer dynamics
underlying economic expansions
and contractions
— Analysis of employment expansion and contraction by size of
firm
· www.bls.gov/bdm/
· Major uses include:
— Principal national economic indicator
— Official time series for employment
change measures
— Input into other major economic indicators
· www.bls.gov/ces/
Differences between QCEW, BED, and CES employment
measures
The Bureau publishes three different establishment-based employment measures for any given quarter. Each of these measures—Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), Business Employment Dynamics (BED), and Current Employment Statistics (CES)—
makes use of the quarterly UI employment reports in producing data;
however, each measure has a somewhat different universe coverage,
estimation procedure, and publication product.
Differences in coverage and estimation methods can result in somewhat different measures of employment change over time. It is important to understand program differences and the intended uses of the
program products. (See table.) Additional information on each program can be obtained from the program Web sites shown in the table.
Coverage
Employment and wage data for workers covered by state UI and
Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) laws
are compiled from quarterly contribution reports submitted to the
SWAs by employers. In addition to the quarterly contribution reports,
employers who operate multiple establishments within a state complete a questionnaire, called the “Multiple Worksite Report,” which
provides detailed information on the location of their establishments.
These reports are based on place of employment rather than place of
residence. UI and UCFE coverage is broad and basically comparable
from state to state.
Major exclusions from UI coverage are self-employed workers, religious organizations, most agricultural workers on small farms, all
members of the Armed Forces, elected officials in most states, most
employees of railroads, some domestic workers, most student workers
at schools, and employees of certain small nonprofit organizations.
Gross job gains and gross job losses in this release are derived from
longitudinal histories of 7.7 million private sector employer reports
out of 9.6 million total reports of employment and wages submitted
by states to BLS in the first quarter of 2016. Gross job gains and gross
job losses data in this release do not report estimates for government
employees or private households (NAICS 814110), and do not include
establishments with zero employment in both previous and current
quarters. Data from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands are also excluded from the national data. As an illustration, the table below
shows, in millions of establishments, the number of establishments
excluded from the national gross job gains and gross job losses data
in the first quarter 2016:
Number of active establishments included in
Business Employment Dynamics data at the national level
Millions
Total establishments QCEW program………. 9.6
Excluded: Public sector………………….. 0.3
Private households…………… 0.2
Zero employment…………….. 1.3
Establishments in Puerto Rico
and the Virgin Islands………...0.1
Total establishments included in Business
Employment Dynamics data………………...7.7
Unit of analysis
Establishments are used in the tabulation of the BED statistics by
industry and firms are used in the tabulation of the BED size class
statistics. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that produces goods or services, usually at a single physical location, and engages in one or predominantly one activity. A firm is a legal business,
either corporate or otherwise, and may consist of several establishments. Firm-level data are compiled based on an aggregation of establishments under common ownership by a corporate parent using employer tax identification numbers. The firm level aggregation which
is consistent with the role of corporations as the economic decision
makers are used for the measurement of the BED data elements by
size class.
Because of the difference in the unit of analysis, total gross job
gains and gross job losses by size class are lower than total gross job
gains and gross job losses by industry, as some establishment gains
and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
However, the total net changes in employment are the same for not
seasonally adjusted data and are similar for seasonally adjusted data.
Concepts and methodology
The Business Employment Dynamics data measure the net change
in employment at the establishment or firm level. These changes come
about in one of four ways. A net increase in employment can come
from either opening units or expanding units. A net decrease in employment can come from either closing units or contracting units.
Gross job gains include the sum of all jobs added at either opening or
expanding units. Gross job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in
either closing or contracting units. The net change in employment is
the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses.
The formal definitions of employment changes are as follows:
Openings. These are either units with positive third month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior
quarter, or with positive third month employment in the current quarter following zero employment in the previous quarter.
Expansions. These are units with positive employment in the third
month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in
employment over this period.
Closings. These are either units with positive third month employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter.
Contractions. These are units with positive employment in the third
month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease
in employment over this period.
Births. These are units with positive third month employment for
the first time in the current quarter with no links to the prior quarter,
or units with positive third month employment in the current quarter
and zero employment in the third month of the previous four quarters.
Births are a subset of openings not including re-openings of seasonal
businesses.
Deaths. These are units with no employment or zero employment
reported in the third month of four consecutive quarters following the
last quarter with positive employment. Deaths are a subset of closings
not including temporary shutdowns of seasonal businesses. A unit that
closes during the quarter may be a death, but we wait three quarters to
determine whether it is a permanent closing or a temporary shutdown.
Therefore, there is always a lag of three quarters for the publication of
death statistics.
All employment changes are measured from the third month of the
previous quarter to the third month of the current quarter. Not all establishments and firms change their employment levels. Units with no
change in employment count towards estimates of total employment,
but not for levels of gross job gains and gross job losses.
Gross job gains and gross job losses are expressed as rates by dividing their levels by the average of employment in the current and
previous quarters. This provides a symmetric growth rate. The rates
are calculated for the components of gross job gains and gross job
losses and then summed to form their respective totals. These rates
can be added and subtracted just as their levels can. For instance, the
difference between the gross job gains rate and the gross job losses
rate is the net growth rate.
Establishment Births and Deaths
For the purpose of BED statistics, births are defined as establishments that appear in the longitudinal database for the first time with
positive employment in the third month of a quarter, or showed four
consecutive quarters of zero employment in the third month followed
by a quarter in which it shows positive employment in the third month.
Similarly, deaths are defined as establishments that either drop out of
the longitudinal database or an establishment that had positive employment in the third month of a given quarter followed by four consecutive quarters of showing zero employment in the third month. Although the data for establishment births and deaths are tabulated independently from the data for openings and closings, the concepts are
not mutually exclusive. An establishment that is defined as a birth in
a given quarter is necessarily an opening as well, and an establishment
defined as a death in a quarter must also be a closing. Since openings
include seasonal and other re-openings and closings include temporary shutdowns, the not seasonally adjusted values for births and
deaths must be less than those for openings and closings. However,
because some BED series do not have many re-openings or temporary
shutdowns, as well as the fact that births and deaths are independently
seasonally adjusted from openings and closings, there may be instances in which the seasonally adjusted value of the former is greater
than the latter.
Linkage methodology
Prior to the measurement of gross job gains and gross job losses,
QCEW records are linked across two quarters. The linkage process
matches establishments' unique SWA identification numbers (SWAID). Between 95 to 97 percent of establishments identified as continuous from quarter to quarter are matched by SWA-ID. The rest are
linked in one of three ways. The first method uses predecessor and
successor information, identified by the States, which relates records
with different SWA-IDs across quarters. Predecessor and successor
relations can come about for a variety of reasons, including a change
in ownership, a firm restructuring, or a UI account restructuring. If a
match cannot be attained in this manner, a probability-based match is
used. This match attempts to identify two establishments with different SWA-IDs as continuous. The match is based upon comparisons
such as the same name, address, and phone number. Third, an analyst
examines unmatched records individually and makes a possible
match.
In order to ensure the highest possible quality of data, SWAs verify
with employers and update, if necessary, the industry, location, and
ownership classification of all establishments on a 4-year cycle.
Changes in establishment classification codes resulting from the veri-
fication process are introduced with the data reported for the first quarter of the year. Changes resulting from improved employer reporting
also are introduced in the first quarter.
Sizing methodology
The method of dynamic sizing is used in calculations for the BED
size class data series. Dynamic sizing allocates each firm’s employment gain or loss during a quarter to each respective size class in
which the change occurred. For example, if a firm grew from 2 employees in quarter 1 to 38 employees in quarter 2, then, of the 36-employee increase, 2 would be allocated to the first size class, 5 to the
size class 5 to 9, 10 to size class 10 to 19, and 19 to size class 20 to 49.
Dynamic sizing provides symmetrical firm size estimates and eliminates any systematic effects which may be caused by the transitory
and reverting changes in firms’ sizes over time. Additionally, it allocates each job gain or loss to the actual size class where it occurred.
Annual Data
The annual gross job gains and gross job losses measure the net
change in employment at the establishment level from the third month
of a quarter in the previous year to the third month of the same quarter
in the current year. The BLS publishes annual BED data based on
March-to-March changes once a year with the release of the first quarter BED data. The annual data based on over-the-year changes for
other quarters of the year are available upon request. The definitions
and methodology in measuring annual gross job gains and gross job
losses are similar to the quarterly measures. The linkage method considers all predecessor and successor relations that may come about due
to changes in ownership and corporate restructuring over the entire
year. At the establishment level, some of the quarterly job gains and
job losses are offset during the estimation over the year. Therefore, the
sum of four quarters of gross job gains and gross job losses are not
equal to annual gross job gains and gross job losses. The net change
in employment over the year, however, is equal to the sum of four
quarterly net changes on a not seasonally adjusted basis.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the levels of employment and the associated job flows undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in the weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests,
major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of
such seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern
each year, their influence can be eliminated by adjusting these statistics from quarter to quarter. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity, easier to recognize.
For example, the large number of youths taking summer jobs is likely
to obscure other changes that have taken place in June relative to
March, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current
year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. The adjusted
figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
The employment data series for opening, expanding, closing, and
contracting units are independently seasonally adjusted; net changes
are calculated based on the difference between gross job gains and
gross job losses. Similarly, for industry data, the establishment counts
data series for opening, expanding, closing, and contracting establishments are independently adjusted, and the net changes are calculated
based on the difference between the number of opening and closing
establishments. Additionally establishment and employment levels
are independently seasonally adjusted to calculate the seasonally adjusted rates. Concurrent seasonal adjustment is run using X-12
ARIMA. Seasonally adjusted data series for total private are the sum
of seasonally adjusted data of all sectors including the unclassified
sector, which is not separately published.
The net over-the-quarter change derived by summing the BED
component series will differ from the net employment change estimated from the seasonally adjusted total private employment series
from the CES program. The intended use of BED statistics is to show
the dynamic labor market changes that underlie the net employment
change statistic. As such, data users interested particularly in the net
employment change and not in the gross job flows underlying this
change should refer to CES data for over-the-quarter net employment
changes.
Reliability of the data
Since the data series on Business Employment Dynamics are based
on administrative rather than sample data, there are no issues related
to sampling error. Nonsampling error, however, still exists. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, such as the employer submitting corrected employment data after the end of the quarter or typographical errors made by businesses when providing information.
Such errors, however, are likely to be distributed randomly throughout
the dataset.
Changes in administrative data sometimes create complications for
the linkage process. This can result in overstating openings and clos-
ings while understating expansions and contractions. The BLS continues to refine methods for improving the linkage process to alleviate
the effects of these complications.
The BED data series are subject to periodic minor changes based
on corrections in QCEW records, updates on predecessors and successors information, and seasonal adjustment revisions.
Annual revisions are published each year with the release of the
first quarter data. These revisions cover the last four quarters of not
seasonally adjusted data and 5 years of seasonally adjusted data.
Additional statistics and other information
Several other programs within BLS produce closely related information. The QCEW program provides both quarterly and annual estimates of employment by state, county, and detailed industry. News
releases on quarterly county employment and wages and an annual
bulletin: Employment and Wages Annual Averages, are available
upon request from the Division of Administrative Statistics and Labor
Turnover, Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor,
Washington,
DC
20212;
telephone
202-691-6567;
(http://www.bls.gov/cew/); (e-mail: [email protected]).
The CES program produces monthly estimates of employment, its
net change, and earnings by detailed industry. These estimates are part
of the Employment Situation report put out monthly by BLS.
The Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS) program
provides monthly measures of job openings, as well as employee hires
and separations.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD
message referral number: 1-800-877-8339.
Table 1. Private sector gross job gains and losses, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Gross job gains
Year
1
3 months ended
Net change 1
Total
Expanding
establishments
Gross job losses
Opening
establishments
Total
Contracting
establishments
Closing
establishments
2006
March
June
September
December
896
342
92
431
7,880
7,766
7,545
7,770
6,383
6,228
6,076
6,226
1,497
1,538
1,469
1,544
6,984
7,424
7,453
7,339
5,661
6,026
6,067
5,964
1,323
1,398
1,386
1,375
2007
March
June
September
December
584
132
-209
268
7,815
7,647
7,376
7,687
6,331
6,205
5,870
6,181
1,484
1,442
1,506
1,506
7,231
7,515
7,585
7,419
5,894
6,084
6,190
6,040
1,337
1,431
1,395
1,379
2008
March
June
September
December
-199
-593
-913
-1,838
7,320
7,281
6,944
6,738
5,860
5,833
5,535
5,345
1,460
1,448
1,409
1,393
7,519
7,874
7,857
8,576
6,111
6,363
6,436
7,056
1,408
1,511
1,421
1,520
2009
March
June
September
December
-2,680
-1,667
-849
-264
5,918
6,425
6,399
6,665
4,675
5,080
5,139
5,308
1,243
1,345
1,260
1,357
8,598
8,092
7,248
6,929
7,142
6,674
5,854
5,605
1,456
1,418
1,394
1,324
2010
March
June
September
December
-247
698
237
566
6,325
6,995
6,741
7,052
5,108
5,674
5,438
5,639
1,217
1,321
1,303
1,413
6,572
6,297
6,504
6,486
5,324
5,090
5,231
5,219
1,248
1,207
1,273
1,267
2011
March
June
September
December
334
582
841
335
6,540
6,966
7,205
6,865
5,322
5,625
5,810
5,503
1,218
1,341
1,395
1,362
6,206
6,384
6,364
6,530
5,025
5,115
5,172
5,273
1,181
1,269
1,192
1,257
2012
March
June
September
December
954
603
271
688
7,080
7,048
6,898
7,103
5,751
5,721
5,581
5,744
1,329
1,327
1,317
1,359
6,126
6,445
6,627
6,415
5,002
5,272
5,429
5,224
1,124
1,173
1,198
1,191
2013
March
June
September
December
565
661
487
712
6,933
7,154
7,060
7,261
5,704
5,832
5,719
5,927
1,229
1,322
1,341
1,334
6,368
6,493
6,573
6,549
5,190
5,284
5,428
5,344
1,178
1,209
1,145
1,205
2014
March
June
September
December
447
870
540
1,071
6,947
7,456
7,243
7,634
5,681
6,116
5,912
6,260
1,266
1,340
1,331
1,374
6,500
6,586
6,703
6,563
5,357
5,364
5,517
5,324
1,143
1,222
1,186
1,239
2015
March
June
September
December
237
815
427
1,001
7,036
7,588
7,338
7,843
5,727
6,244
5,972
6,375
1,309
1,344
1,366
1,468
6,799
6,773
6,911
6,842
5,600
5,573
5,698
5,573
1,199
1,200
1,213
1,269
2016
March
June
September
194
307
688
6,977
7,463
7,650
5,778
6,056
6,207
1,199
1,407
1,443
6,783
7,156
6,962
5,617
5,829
5,720
1,166
1,327
1,242
Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 2. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment, 1 seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Gross job gains
Year
3 months ended
Net change
2
Total
Expanding
establishments
Gross job losses
Opening
establishments
Total
Contracting
establishments
Closing
establishments
2006
March
June
September
December
.8
.4
.1
.4
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.5
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
6.2
6.5
6.6
6.5
5.0
5.3
5.4
5.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
2007
March
June
September
December
.5
.1
-.2
.2
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.7
5.6
5.4
5.1
5.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
6.4
6.6
6.6
6.5
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.3
1.2
1.3
1.2
1.2
2008
March
June
September
December
-.1
-.5
-.9
-1.7
6.4
6.4
6.1
6.0
5.1
5.1
4.9
4.8
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
6.5
6.9
7.0
7.7
5.3
5.6
5.7
6.3
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
2009
March
June
September
December
-2.4
-1.5
-.8
-.3
5.4
6.0
6.0
6.3
4.3
4.7
4.8
5.0
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.3
7.8
7.5
6.8
6.6
6.5
6.2
5.5
5.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
2010
March
June
September
December
-.2
.7
.2
.5
6.0
6.6
6.3
6.6
4.8
5.4
5.1
5.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
6.2
5.9
6.1
6.1
5.0
4.8
4.9
4.9
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
2011
March
June
September
December
.3
.5
.8
.4
6.1
6.4
6.7
6.4
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
5.8
5.9
5.9
6.0
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.8
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.2
2012
March
June
September
December
.8
.5
.2
.6
6.4
6.4
6.2
6.4
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
5.6
5.9
6.0
5.8
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.7
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
2013
March
June
September
December
.5
.6
.5
.6
6.2
6.4
6.3
6.4
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.2
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.8
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.7
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
2014
March
June
September
December
.4
.7
.5
.9
6.1
6.5
6.3
6.6
5.0
5.3
5.1
5.4
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
4.7
4.7
4.8
4.6
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
2015
March
June
September
December
.2
.7
.5
.8
6.0
6.4
6.3
6.6
4.9
5.3
5.1
5.4
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.8
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.1
2016
March
June
September
.1
.2
.6
5.8
6.2
6.4
4.8
5.0
5.2
1.0
1.2
1.2
5.7
6.0
5.8
4.7
4.9
4.8
1.0
1.1
1.0
1
The rates measure gross job gains and gross job losses as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels.
2
Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains and losses (in thousands)
(3 months ended)
Category
Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Sept.
2015
Dec.
2015
Mar.
2016
June
2016
Sept.
2016
Sept.
2015
Dec.
2015
Mar.
2016
June
2016
Sept.
2016
Total private
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
7,338
5,972
1,366
6,911
5,698
1,213
427
7,843
6,375
1,468
6,842
5,573
1,269
1,001
6,977
5,778
1,199
6,783
5,617
1,166
194
7,463
6,056
1,407
7,156
5,829
1,327
307
7,650
6,207
1,443
6,962
5,720
1,242
688
6.3
5.1
1.2
5.8
4.8
1.0
0.5
6.6
5.4
1.2
5.8
4.7
1.1
0.8
5.8
4.8
1.0
5.7
4.7
1.0
0.1
6.2
5.0
1.2
6.0
4.9
1.1
0.2
6.4
5.2
1.2
5.8
4.8
1.0
0.6
Goods-producing
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
1,292
1,104
188
1,312
1,117
195
-20
1,368
1,162
206
1,316
1,120
196
52
1,292
1,119
173
1,282
1,099
183
10
1,332
1,145
187
1,381
1,171
210
-49
1,299
1,101
198
1,297
1,105
192
2
6.2
5.3
0.9
6.3
5.4
0.9
-0.1
6.6
5.6
1.0
6.3
5.4
0.9
0.3
6.1
5.3
0.8
6.2
5.3
0.9
-0.1
6.4
5.5
0.9
6.6
5.6
1.0
-0.2
6.3
5.3
1.0
6.2
5.3
0.9
0.1
Natural resources and mining
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
246
212
34
288
252
36
-42
248
214
34
301
266
35
-53
254
223
31
272
239
33
-18
260
228
32
297
264
33
-37
248
215
33
253
223
30
-5
12.5
10.8
1.7
14.6
12.8
1.8
-2.1
12.8
11.0
1.8
15.5
13.7
1.8
-2.7
13.1
11.5
1.6
14.1
12.4
1.7
-1.0
13.8
12.1
1.7
15.9
14.1
1.8
-2.1
13.5
11.7
1.8
13.7
12.1
1.6
-0.2
Construction
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
652
534
118
606
492
114
46
705
574
131
589
474
115
116
661
550
111
607
499
108
54
657
541
116
650
523
127
7
654
529
125
618
503
115
36
10.1
8.3
1.8
9.5
7.7
1.8
0.6
10.8
8.8
2.0
9.1
7.3
1.8
1.7
10.0
8.3
1.7
9.1
7.5
1.6
0.9
9.8
8.1
1.7
9.7
7.8
1.9
0.1
9.9
8.0
1.9
9.3
7.6
1.7
0.6
Manufacturing
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
394
358
36
418
373
45
-24
415
374
41
426
380
46
-11
377
346
31
403
361
42
-26
415
376
39
434
384
50
-19
397
357
40
426
379
47
-29
3.2
2.9
0.3
3.4
3.0
0.4
-0.2
3.3
3.0
0.3
3.5
3.1
0.4
-0.2
3.1
2.8
0.3
3.2
2.9
0.3
-0.1
3.4
3.1
0.3
3.5
3.1
0.4
-0.1
3.2
2.9
0.3
3.5
3.1
0.4
-0.3
Service-providing 1
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
6,046
4,868
1,178
5,599
4,581
1,018
447
6,475
5,213
1,262
5,526
4,453
1,073
949
5,685
4,659
1,026
5,501
4,518
983
184
6,131
4,911
1,220
5,775
4,658
1,117
356
6,351
5,106
1,245
5,665
4,615
1,050
686
6.2
5.0
1.2
5.7
4.7
1.0
0.5
6.6
5.3
1.3
5.6
4.5
1.1
1.0
5.7
4.7
1.0
5.6
4.6
1.0
0.1
6.2
5.0
1.2
5.8
4.7
1.1
0.4
6.4
5.1
1.3
5.7
4.6
1.1
0.7
Wholesale trade
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
271
225
46
264
209
55
7
294
244
50
268
209
59
26
256
216
40
265
208
57
-9
276
227
49
273
213
60
3
274
225
49
262
208
54
12
4.6
3.8
0.8
4.5
3.6
0.9
0.1
4.9
4.1
0.8
4.5
3.5
1.0
0.4
4.4
3.7
0.7
4.5
3.5
1.0
-0.1
4.7
3.9
0.8
4.6
3.6
1.0
0.1
4.6
3.8
0.8
4.5
3.6
0.9
0.1
1
See footnote at end of table.
Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
Gross job gains and losses (in thousands)
(3 months ended)
Category
Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Sept.
2015
Dec.
2015
Mar.
2016
June
2016
Sept.
2016
Sept.
2015
Dec.
2015
Mar.
2016
June
2016
Sept.
2016
Retail trade
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
928
795
133
937
823
114
-9
925
798
127
921
789
132
4
948
833
115
850
747
103
98
926
798
128
900
790
110
26
947
812
135
949
827
122
-2
5.8
5.0
0.8
5.9
5.2
0.7
-0.1
5.9
5.1
0.8
5.8
5.0
0.8
0.1
6.0
5.3
0.7
5.4
4.7
0.7
0.6
5.8
5.0
0.8
5.7
5.0
0.7
0.1
5.9
5.1
0.8
6.0
5.2
0.8
-0.1
Transportation and warehousing
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
268
230
38
227
191
36
41
343
305
38
227
188
39
116
229
200
29
293
258
35
-64
246
209
37
250
211
39
-4
288
250
38
227
188
39
61
5.8
5.0
0.8
4.9
4.1
0.8
0.9
7.3
6.5
0.8
4.8
4.0
0.8
2.5
4.8
4.2
0.6
6.1
5.4
0.7
-1.3
5.2
4.4
0.8
5.3
4.5
0.8
-0.1
6.0
5.2
0.8
4.7
3.9
0.8
1.3
Utilities
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
13
11
2
13
12
1
0
12
11
1
11
10
1
1
9
8
1
10
9
1
-1
13
11
2
13
11
2
0
11
10
1
14
12
2
-3
2.4
2.0
0.4
2.4
2.2
0.2
0.0
2.2
2.0
0.2
2.0
1.8
0.2
0.2
1.6
1.4
0.2
1.8
1.6
0.2
-0.2
2.4
2.0
0.4
2.4
2.0
0.4
0.0
2.0
1.8
0.2
2.6
2.2
0.4
-0.6
Information
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
145
121
24
145
122
23
0
162
135
27
140
112
28
22
135
116
19
138
110
28
-3
157
132
25
139
109
30
18
152
124
28
149
125
24
3
5.3
4.4
0.9
5.2
4.4
0.8
0.1
5.9
4.9
1.0
5.0
4.0
1.0
0.9
4.9
4.2
0.7
5.0
4.0
1.0
-0.1
5.6
4.7
0.9
5.0
3.9
1.1
0.6
5.4
4.4
1.0
5.4
4.5
0.9
0.0
Financial activities
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
370
299
71
349
273
76
21
394
307
87
353
270
83
41
344
278
66
333
258
75
11
389
313
76
354
272
82
35
386
308
78
347
274
73
39
4.7
3.8
0.9
4.5
3.5
1.0
0.2
5.0
3.9
1.1
4.5
3.4
1.1
0.5
4.3
3.5
0.8
4.2
3.3
0.9
0.1
4.9
3.9
1.0
4.4
3.4
1.0
0.5
4.9
3.9
1.0
4.3
3.4
0.9
0.6
Professional and business services
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
1,417
1,143
274
1,315
1,054
261
102
1,600
1,292
308
1,311
1,037
274
289
1,237
1,026
211
1,355
1,111
244
-118
1,426
1,165
261
1,363
1,065
298
63
1,469
1,201
268
1,272
1,014
258
197
7.2
5.8
1.4
6.7
5.4
1.3
0.5
8.1
6.5
1.6
6.6
5.2
1.4
1.5
6.3
5.2
1.1
6.8
5.6
1.2
-0.5
7.2
5.9
1.3
6.9
5.4
1.5
0.3
7.3
6.0
1.3
6.4
5.1
1.3
0.9
Education and health services
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
970
806
164
827
659
168
143
1,006
824
182
801
635
166
205
878
726
152
813
658
155
65
962
776
186
888
701
187
74
1,034
867
167
822
650
172
212
4.6
3.8
0.8
3.9
3.1
0.8
0.7
4.8
3.9
0.9
3.8
3.0
0.8
1.0
4.1
3.4
0.7
3.8
3.1
0.7
0.3
4.5
3.6
0.9
4.2
3.3
0.9
0.3
4.8
4.0
0.8
3.8
3.0
0.8
1.0
See footnote at end of table.
Table 3. Private sector gross job gains and losses by industry, seasonally adjusted—Continued
Gross job gains and losses (in thousands)
(3 months ended)
Category
Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Sept.
2015
Dec.
2015
Mar.
2016
June
2016
Sept.
2016
Sept.
2015
Dec.
2015
Mar.
2016
June
2016
Sept.
2016
Leisure and hospitality
Gross job gains …………………… 1,270
At expanding establishments ……
994
At opening establishments ……… 276
Gross job losses …………………… 1,211
At contracting establishments … 1,009
At closing establishments ………
202
Net employment change …………..
59
1,344
1,048
296
1,184
977
207
160
1,247
1,013
234
1,138
939
199
109
1,312
1,025
287
1,273
1,055
218
39
1,330
1,045
285
1,297
1,082
215
33
8.4
6.6
1.8
8.0
6.7
1.3
0.4
8.8
6.9
1.9
7.8
6.4
1.4
1.0
8.0
6.5
1.5
7.4
6.1
1.3
0.6
8.4
6.6
1.8
8.2
6.8
1.4
0.2
8.5
6.7
1.8
8.4
7.0
1.4
0.1
294
232
62
273
213
60
21
272
219
53
266
207
59
6
301
235
66
284
219
65
17
305
240
65
285
221
64
20
7.0
5.6
1.4
6.9
5.4
1.5
0.1
7.2
5.7
1.5
6.8
5.3
1.5
0.4
6.7
5.4
1.3
6.5
5.1
1.4
0.2
7.4
5.8
1.6
7.0
5.4
1.6
0.4
7.4
5.8
1.6
7.0
5.4
1.6
0.4
Other services
Gross job gains ……………………
At expanding establishments ……
At opening establishments ………
Gross job losses ……………………
At contracting establishments …
At closing establishments ………
Net employment change …………..
1
284
227
57
282
220
62
2
Includes unclassified sector, not shown separately.
Table 4. Private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Total private by firm1
Year
3 months ended
Net
2,3
change
Gross job
gains
losses
Firm size 1 - 49 employees
Net
change
Gross job
gains
losses
Firm size 50 - 249 employees
Net
change
Gross job
gains
losses
Firm size 250 or more
Net
change
Gross job
gains
losses
2006
March
June
September
December
782
369
86
446
6,460
6,329
6,120
6,388
5,678
5,960
6,034
5,942
312
111
-5
137
3,538
3,425
3,334
3,406
3,226
3,314
3,339
3,269
211
102
48
80
1,216
1,179
1,133
1,153
1,005
1,077
1,085
1,073
259
156
43
229
1,706
1,725
1,653
1,829
1,447
1,569
1,610
1,600
2007
March
June
September
December
478
163
-215
270
6,333
6,239
5,920
6,251
5,855
6,076
6,135
5,981
173
-33
-116
10
3,445
3,330
3,263
3,317
3,272
3,363
3,379
3,307
98
99
-34
56
1,158
1,171
1,079
1,139
1,060
1,072
1,113
1,083
207
97
-65
204
1,730
1,738
1,578
1,795
1,523
1,641
1,643
1,591
2008
March
June
September
December
-274
-548
-956
-1,886
5,831
5,850
5,532
5,338
6,105
6,398
6,488
7,224
-152
-287
-343
-689
3,235
3,174
3,051
2,910
3,387
3,461
3,394
3,599
-11
-44
-140
-375
1,079
1,090
1,020
947
1,090
1,134
1,160
1,322
-111
-217
-473
-822
1,517
1,586
1,461
1,481
1,628
1,803
1,934
2,303
2009
March
June
September
December
-2,638
-1,763
-906
-317
4,617
5,169
5,164
5,403
7,255
6,932
6,070
5,720
-983
-474
-372
-159
2,721
2,946
2,826
2,940
3,704
3,420
3,198
3,099
-616
-281
-110
-45
810
950
932
962
1,426
1,231
1,042
1,007
-1,039
-1,008
-424
-113
1,086
1,273
1,406
1,501
2,125
2,281
1,830
1,614
2010
March
June
September
December
-234
664
226
502
5,115
5,805
5,525
5,781
5,349
5,141
5,299
5,279
-195
235
26
92
2,863
3,093
2,946
3,051
3,058
2,858
2,920
2,959
-2
204
87
92
914
1,071
998
1,034
916
867
911
942
-37
225
113
318
1,338
1,641
1,581
1,696
1,375
1,416
1,468
1,378
2011
March
June
September
December
340
537
852
297
5,375
5,746
5,974
5,585
5,035
5,209
5,122
5,288
99
190
272
45
2,983
3,073
3,137
2,970
2,884
2,883
2,865
2,925
122
169
171
44
971
1,063
1,066
981
849
894
895
937
119
178
409
208
1,421
1,610
1,771
1,634
1,302
1,432
1,362
1,426
2012
March
June
September
December
975
605
245
623
5,903
5,828
5,595
5,767
4,928
5,223
5,350
5,144
397
170
57
174
3,178
3,039
2,965
3,019
2,781
2,869
2,908
2,845
221
160
55
90
1,055
1,076
1,007
1,011
834
916
952
921
357
275
133
359
1,670
1,713
1,623
1,737
1,313
1,438
1,490
1,378
2013
March
June
September
December
593
642
458
632
5,741
5,909
5,764
5,881
5,148
5,267
5,306
5,249
230
219
210
126
3,082
3,084
3,056
3,021
2,852
2,865
2,846
2,895
156
138
62
100
1,026
1,075
1,018
1,031
870
937
956
931
207
285
186
406
1,633
1,750
1,690
1,829
1,426
1,465
1,504
1,423
2014
March
June
September
December
469
878
516
969
5,663
6,140
5,858
6,154
5,194
5,262
5,342
5,185
260
293
168
218
3,084
3,177
3,052
3,107
2,824
2,884
2,884
2,889
154
218
102
151
1,033
1,125
1,059
1,083
879
907
957
932
55
367
246
600
1,546
1,838
1,747
1,964
1,491
1,471
1,501
1,364
2015
March
June
September
December
244
823
397
882
5,662
6,253
5,898
6,258
5,418
5,430
5,501
5,376
191
312
114
247
3,106
3,197
3,040
3,179
2,915
2,885
2,926
2,932
81
191
58
98
1,022
1,136
1,038
1,075
941
945
980
977
-28
320
225
537
1,534
1,920
1,820
2,004
1,562
1,600
1,595
1,467
2016
March
June
September
224
302
681
5,624
6,072
6,223
5,400
5,770
5,542
175
72
133
3,020
3,133
3,106
2,845
3,061
2,973
57
116
84
1,002
1,111
1,082
945
995
998
-8
114
464
1,602
1,828
2,035
1,610
1,714
1,571
1
Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment gains
and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
2
Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
3
Net change totals for the firm-level data differ from the establishment-level data due to independent seasonal adjustment.
NOTE: See http://www.bls.gov/bdm/bdmfirmsize.htm for more detailed firm size class data
Table 5. Components of private sector gross job gains and losses by firm size, seasonally adjusted
Category
Total private by firm 1
Gross job gains …………………
At expanding firms …………
At opening firms ……………
Gross job gains and losses (in thousands)
(3 months ended)
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
2015
2015
2016
2016
2016
Gross job gains and losses as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
2015
2015
2016
2016
2016
5,898
5,010
888
6,258
5,295
963
5,624
4,790
834
6,072
5,149
923
6,223
5,283
940
5.0
4.2
0.8
5.3
4.5
0.8
4.7
4.0
0.7
5.1
4.3
0.8
5.2
4.4
0.8
Gross job losses ………………… 5,501
At contracting firms ………… 4,675
At closing firms ……………… 826
5,376
4,528
848
5,400
4,579
821
5,770
4,842
928
5,542
4,692
850
4.7
4.0
0.7
4.5
3.8
0.7
4.5
3.8
0.7
4.8
4.0
0.8
4.6
3.9
0.7
397
882
224
302
681
0.3
0.8
0.2
0.3
0.6
3,040
2,191
849
3,179
2,265
914
3,020
2,218
802
3,133
2,253
880
3,106
2,208
898
9.2
6.6
2.6
9.5
6.8
2.7
9.0
6.6
2.4
9.3
6.7
2.6
9.3
6.6
2.7
Gross job losses ………………… 2,926
At contracting firms ………… 2,139
At closing firms ……………… 787
2,932
2,123
809
2,845
2,057
788
3,061
2,175
886
2,973
2,157
816
8.8
6.4
2.4
8.8
6.4
2.4
8.4
6.1
2.3
9.1
6.5
2.6
8.8
6.4
2.4
114
247
175
72
133
0.4
0.7
0.6
0.2
0.5
1,038
1,002
36
1,075
1,041
34
1,002
974
28
1,111
1,072
39
1,082
1,044
38
4.8
4.6
0.2
5.0
4.8
0.2
4.6
4.5
0.1
5.1
4.9
0.2
5.0
4.8
0.2
Gross job losses …………………
At contracting firms …………
At closing firms ………………
980
952
28
977
943
34
945
917
28
995
962
33
998
969
29
4.5
4.4
0.1
4.6
4.4
0.2
4.3
4.2
0.1
4.6
4.4
0.2
4.6
4.5
0.1
Net employment change …………
58
98
57
116
84
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.4
1,820
1,817
3
2,004
1,989
15
1,602
1,598
4
1,828
1,824
4
2,035
2,031
4
2.9
2.9
0.0
3.1
3.1
0.0
2.5
2.5
0.0
2.8
2.8
0.0
3.1
3.1
0.0
Gross job losses ………………… 1,595
At contracting firms ………… 1,584
At closing firms ………………
11
1,467
1,462
5
1,610
1,605
5
1,714
1,705
9
1,571
1,566
5
2.5
2.5
0.0
2.3
2.3
0.0
2.5
2.5
0.0
2.6
2.6
0.0
2.4
2.4
0.0
537
-8
114
464
0.4
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.7
Net employment change …………
Firm size 1 to 49 employees
Gross job gains …………………
At expanding firms …………
At opening firms ……………
Net employment change …………
Firm size 50 to 249 employees
Gross job gains …………………
At expanding firms …………
At opening firms ……………
Firm size 250 or more employees
Gross job gains …………………
At expanding firms …………
At opening firms ……………
Net employment change …………
1
225
Total gross job gains and gross job losses by firm are lower than total gross job gains and gross job losses by establishment, as some establishment
gains and losses within a firm are offset during the aggregation process.
Table 6. Private sector gross job gains and losses by state, seasonally adjusted
Gross job gains
(3 months ended)
State
Gross job losses
(3 months ended)
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
2015
2015
2016
2016
2016
2015
2015
2016
2016
2016
United States ………… 7,338,000
7,843,000
6,977,000
7,463,000
7,650,000
6,911,000
6,842,000
6,783,000
7,156,000
6,962,000
Alabama ………………
Alaska …………………
Arizona ………………
Arkansas ………………
California ………………
Colorado ………………
Connecticut ……………
Delaware ………………
District of Columbia …
Florida …………………
88,622
23,091
150,812
59,893
961,980
146,856
72,563
22,774
30,577
484,767
96,646
24,329
154,720
62,679
1,075,178
147,332
77,156
27,199
31,569
510,696
89,239
23,755
136,475
53,819
921,636
140,016
74,339
24,510
26,719
439,847
90,468
26,030
137,186
53,228
969,310
148,006
77,489
25,219
29,684
460,188
95,974
22,411
163,612
61,167
987,259
153,349
74,208
23,511
31,411
537,172
84,726
26,099
120,509
51,688
820,337
134,443
83,562
22,653
27,128
410,423
81,804
26,571
123,146
52,402
929,638
134,691
70,694
23,117
23,562
412,905
84,673
24,612
130,066
53,379
889,698
130,052
70,865
24,200
28,186
410,669
90,158
29,972
138,390
57,344
946,963
138,701
75,829
25,084
31,218
428,183
89,745
27,596
119,918
54,494
872,725
135,109
75,109
24,397
28,869
416,981
Georgia ………………
Hawaii …………………
Idaho …………………
Illinois …………………
Indiana …………………
Iowa ……………………
Kansas …………………
Kentucky ………………
Louisiana ………………
Maine …………………
228,996
26,318
43,304
277,259
140,328
73,876
63,692
94,081
99,727
33,041
247,757
30,040
43,766
321,551
158,633
77,648
70,502
103,547
106,451
43,068
218,517
25,200
46,359
271,116
141,057
77,795
64,980
88,881
96,609
40,502
252,375
28,174
40,993
299,699
137,024
72,903
63,336
96,696
94,903
39,055
243,567
30,518
44,973
293,311
149,640
78,243
70,015
104,901
105,759
33,573
209,021
23,717
38,689
291,760
136,850
77,550
64,622
87,585
100,776
35,925
202,861
23,183
38,441
283,941
126,844
73,121
62,764
83,693
103,367
35,516
199,712
25,729
35,558
274,351
136,213
69,140
66,896
90,733
105,846
34,636
240,381
31,217
40,443
301,559
134,813
79,614
70,605
91,777
111,231
34,077
214,828
25,963
40,480
289,298
132,940
74,162
63,173
97,403
102,408
37,485
Maryland ………………
Massachusetts …………
Michigan ………………
Minnesota ……………
Mississippi ……………
Missouri ………………
Montana ………………
Nebraska ………………
Nevada …………………
New Hampshire ………
135,443
163,806
194,705
130,507
54,741
131,354
27,896
48,003
68,252
33,637
141,865
176,932
218,432
145,443
62,596
145,011
31,491
49,121
76,024
37,269
130,869
158,738
196,117
131,059
51,367
131,177
29,163
47,050
70,313
33,406
134,394
181,391
218,793
143,945
50,079
133,514
29,552
45,488
73,080
36,483
139,730
173,891
206,985
149,566
55,451
132,069
28,143
51,210
76,079
35,989
131,139
167,776
203,207
137,770
51,454
126,763
28,117
45,106
60,927
35,115
124,463
156,781
192,084
137,636
47,996
121,021
26,762
44,211
58,645
31,119
127,811
152,250
179,106
126,838
54,142
124,222
26,815
44,379
64,506
32,615
134,582
158,315
194,637
135,847
58,052
128,070
32,061
48,210
63,512
33,058
128,257
166,349
205,425
134,632
49,333
125,311
28,704
47,154
61,819
35,405
New Jersey ……………
New Mexico …………
New York ……………
North Carolina …………
North Dakota …………
Ohio ……………………
Oklahoma ……………
Oregon …………………
Pennsylvania …………
Rhode Island …………
211,844
40,870
479,956
217,286
25,567
249,218
76,416
105,022
266,576
24,083
227,731
43,231
492,245
232,642
24,038
274,448
79,854
106,625
288,170
27,173
198,701
39,261
469,294
213,396
23,501
251,839
72,627
106,558
271,355
24,014
220,836
40,168
484,162
221,808
23,222
257,809
71,683
104,631
267,682
25,497
210,721
42,559
488,741
219,357
27,858
260,780
78,448
105,869
285,600
23,215
205,236
40,917
461,323
197,780
30,767
255,390
77,755
96,128
266,221
23,788
197,598
42,850
445,177
192,138
28,948
236,802
81,960
93,530
258,949
23,455
198,223
39,633
442,368
195,124
31,279
234,642
80,611
88,983
264,903
24,234
195,999
41,720
451,921
206,971
31,169
260,094
84,340
100,510
272,140
25,797
197,194
38,728
457,571
206,445
24,555
258,978
74,654
98,653
258,787
24,839
South Carolina …………
South Dakota …………
Tennessee ……………
Texas …………………
Utah ……………………
Vermont ………………
Virginia ………………
Washington ……………
West Virginia …………
Wisconsin ……………
98,740
20,438
139,965
587,566
78,739
17,668
213,437
174,162
32,589
133,980
115,442
22,966
153,086
600,731
81,519
18,140
195,967
177,055
36,337
145,150
98,841
21,499
130,023
460,303
84,042
16,825
181,750
187,946
32,562
136,563
103,090
21,895
140,634
617,972
78,366
18,741
196,598
192,605
31,986
137,744
104,132
22,031
146,834
615,542
86,072
18,293
187,117
177,742
35,381
133,492
94,015
21,045
124,699
549,814
67,620
19,407
178,417
176,404
37,564
134,844
85,611
20,376
116,059
543,729
68,467
16,671
172,197
159,981
35,335
126,012
95,873
21,188
125,798
543,545
68,450
17,717
182,918
148,670
37,995
126,353
96,435
21,613
131,687
531,640
73,446
18,300
185,928
154,150
37,599
139,248
93,785
21,592
128,999
537,088
75,466
18,753
188,363
169,322
35,652
134,073
Wyoming ………………
Puerto Rico ……………
Virgin Islands …………
17,885
40,437
1,643
19,048
42,057
1,979
16,868
38,292
1,549
15,896
37,884
1,746
16,789
39,108
1,712
19,549
42,986
1,980
19,747
38,537
1,451
19,826
40,072
1,469
21,419
38,038
1,602
17,993
38,260
1,794
1
1
The sum of the states will not necessarily add to the U.S. total because of the independent seasonal adjustment of each state.
NOTE: Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 7. Private sector gross job gains and losses as a percent of total employment by state, seasonally adjusted
State
Gross job gains as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Gross job losses as a percent of employment
(3 months ended)
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
2015
2015
2016
2016
2016
2015
2015
2016
2016
2016
United States …………………..…
6.3
6.6
5.8
6.2
6.4
5.8
5.8
5.7
6.0
5.8
Alabama ………………………..
Alaska ………………………...…
Arizona ……………………….…
Arkansas …………………...……
California ………………………
Colorado …………………...……
Connecticut …………………….
Delaware …………………………
District of Columbia ……………
Florida ……………………………
5.8
9.1
6.8
6.1
6.9
7.0
5.1
6.1
6.1
6.9
6.2
9.6
6.9
6.3
7.6
7.0
5.5
7.3
6.2
7.2
5.8
9.4
6.0
5.4
6.5
6.6
5.2
6.5
5.2
6.1
5.8
10.3
6.1
5.4
6.8
6.9
5.4
6.7
5.8
6.4
6.2
9.0
7.1
6.2
6.9
7.1
5.2
6.3
6.2
7.4
5.5
10.3
5.4
5.3
5.9
6.4
5.9
6.1
5.4
5.8
5.3
10.5
5.4
5.3
6.7
6.4
4.9
6.2
4.6
5.8
5.4
9.7
5.7
5.3
6.3
6.1
5.0
6.4
5.6
5.8
5.8
11.9
6.1
5.8
6.7
6.5
5.3
6.6
6.1
5.9
5.7
11.1
5.2
5.4
6.1
6.2
5.3
6.5
5.7
5.7
Georgia …………………………
Hawaii ……………………….…
Idaho ………………………...…
Illinois ……………………..……
Indiana ………………………….
Iowa ………………………………
Kansas ……………………………
Kentucky …………………………
Louisiana …………………………
Maine ……………………..……
6.5
5.1
7.8
5.4
5.5
5.7
5.7
6.1
6.2
6.6
6.9
5.8
7.9
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.2
6.7
6.5
8.6
6.1
4.9
8.2
5.3
5.5
6.0
5.8
5.7
6.0
8.0
7.0
5.4
7.1
5.9
5.2
5.6
5.6
6.2
5.9
7.7
6.7
5.8
7.9
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.2
6.7
6.6
6.7
5.9
4.6
7.0
5.8
5.3
6.0
5.8
5.7
6.2
7.1
5.7
4.4
6.9
5.6
4.9
5.7
5.6
5.4
6.4
7.1
5.6
4.9
6.3
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.9
5.8
6.6
6.9
6.6
6.0
7.1
5.9
5.2
6.1
6.3
5.8
6.9
6.7
5.9
5.0
7.1
5.7
5.1
5.8
5.6
6.2
6.5
7.4
Maryland ……………………….
Massachusetts ……..……………
Michigan ……………..…………
Minnesota ………………………
Mississippi ………………………
Missouri …………………………
Montana …………………….……
Nebraska ……………...…………
Nevada ………………………….
New Hampshire …………………
6.5
5.4
5.4
5.4
6.2
5.7
7.6
6.0
6.2
6.1
6.8
5.9
6.1
6.1
7.1
6.3
8.5
6.1
6.8
6.7
6.2
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.7
7.8
5.8
6.3
6.0
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.7
7.9
5.7
6.5
6.5
6.5
5.7
5.6
6.1
6.3
5.7
7.6
6.4
6.7
6.4
6.2
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.5
7.7
5.6
5.6
6.4
5.9
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.4
5.3
7.3
5.5
5.3
5.6
6.0
5.0
4.9
5.2
6.1
5.3
7.2
5.5
5.7
5.8
6.3
5.2
5.3
5.6
6.5
5.4
8.6
6.0
5.6
5.9
6.0
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.4
7.8
5.9
5.5
6.3
New Jersey ………………………
New Mexico ……………………
New York ………………………
North Carolina ……………………
North Dakota ……………………
Ohio ………………………………
Oklahoma ………………………
Oregon ……………………………
Pennsylvania ……………………
Rhode Island ……………………
6.3
6.5
6.3
6.3
7.1
5.5
6.1
7.0
5.3
5.8
6.7
7.0
6.4
6.7
6.7
6.0
6.3
7.0
5.7
6.6
5.9
6.2
6.1
6.0
6.6
5.4
5.7
7.0
5.4
5.8
6.5
6.5
6.2
6.3
6.8
5.6
5.8
6.7
5.3
6.2
6.3
6.8
6.3
6.1
8.1
5.6
6.3
6.9
5.7
5.6
6.2
6.6
6.0
5.7
8.5
5.6
6.1
6.4
5.3
5.8
5.9
6.9
5.7
5.5
8.1
5.1
6.5
6.2
5.1
5.7
5.9
6.3
5.7
5.6
8.9
5.1
6.4
5.8
5.2
5.9
5.8
6.7
5.8
5.8
9.0
5.6
6.8
6.5
5.4
6.2
5.8
6.2
5.9
5.8
7.1
5.6
6.0
6.4
5.1
6.0
South Carolina ……………………
South Dakota ……………………
Tennessee ………………………
Texas ……………………………
Utah ………………………………
Vermont …………………………
Virginia …………………………
Washington ………………………
West Virginia ……………………
Wisconsin ………………………
6.1
5.9
5.8
5.9
7.0
6.9
7.1
6.7
5.8
5.6
7.1
6.7
6.3
6.1
7.2
7.2
6.4
6.8
6.6
6.0
6.1
6.2
5.2
4.7
7.3
6.6
5.9
7.1
5.9
5.6
6.3
6.4
5.7
6.3
6.7
7.4
6.4
7.2
5.8
5.7
6.3
6.4
5.9
6.2
7.4
7.2
6.0
6.7
6.6
5.5
5.8
6.1
5.1
5.5
6.0
7.7
5.8
6.8
6.7
5.6
5.3
5.9
4.8
5.5
6.0
6.5
5.6
6.2
6.3
5.2
5.8
6.1
5.1
5.5
5.9
6.9
5.9
5.6
6.9
5.2
5.8
6.2
5.3
5.4
6.4
7.2
6.0
5.8
6.9
5.7
5.7
6.2
5.2
5.4
6.5
7.4
6.1
6.4
6.6
5.5
Wyoming …………………………
Puerto Rico ………………………
Virgin Islands ……………………
8.5
5.9
6.0
9.0
6.3
7.3
7.9
5.7
5.7
7.7
5.6
6.3
8.3
5.8
6.2
9.2
6.3
7.3
9.3
5.7
5.3
9.4
6.0
5.4
10.4
5.6
5.8
8.9
5.7
6.5
NOTE: Totals for the United States do not include data for Puerto Rico or the Virgin Islands.
Table 8. Private sector establishment births and deaths, seasonally adjusted
(Levels in thousands)
Year
3 months ended
Number of Establishments
1
Births
Deaths
2
Level
Level
Rate
Employment
Births
Rate
Level
Rate
Deaths
Level
Rate
2006
March
June
September
December
236
233
224
236
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.3
195
206
210
207
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
949
987
934
976
0.8
0.9
0.8
0.9
767
850
843
812
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
2007
March
June
September
December
232
225
233
228
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.1
205
215
216
218
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.0
918
898
952
922
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
787
859
845
836
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
2008
March
June
September
December
226
221
216
211
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
224
238
233
253
3.1
3.3
3.2
3.5
919
876
849
819
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
832
913
881
951
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
2009
March
June
September
December
197
201
192
202
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
247
238
227
218
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
738
767
725
728
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
869
837
793
749
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
2010
March
June
September
December
193
193
207
216
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.0
211
202
204
201
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
706
730
754
805
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
687
665
701
700
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
2011
March
June
September
December
204
210
206
214
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
200
205
196
198
2.8
2.9
2.7
2.8
715
767
794
800
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
632
689
675
700
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
2012
March
June
September
December
236
216
210
218
3.3
3.0
2.9
3.0
186
195
197
183
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.5
784
799
805
809
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
614
676
693
673
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
2013
March
June
September
December
204
222
219
216
2.8
3.0
2.9
2.9
192
215
195
187
2.6
2.9
2.6
2.5
745
790
822
806
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
645
695
678
673
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
2014
March
June
September
December
220
220
225
223
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.9
188
205
200
197
2.5
2.7
2.6
2.6
780
806
829
838
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
629
718
705
709
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
2015
March
June
September
December
234
234
242
246
3.1
3.1
3.1
3.2
206
213
207
208
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.7
813
839
882
895
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
690
735
704
733
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
2016
March
June
September
220
252
238
2.8
3.2
3.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
734
889
866
0.6
0.7
0.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
1
Values for deaths are not available for the most recent three quarters. See the Technical Note for more information.
2
The rates measure births and deaths as a percentage of the average of the previous and current quarter employment levels or total number of establishments.