Program Report
All-employee hours and
earnings for States and
metropolitan areas
Dante A. DeAntonio
The Current Employment Statistics
(CES) survey, conducted by the U.S.
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS),
is a monthly survey of more than
400,000 business establishments.1
The CES program provides estimates
of employment, hours, and earnings,
by industry detail, for the Nation,
States, and metropolitan areas. CES
data are widely considered one of the
most timely and accurate economic
indicators published by the Federal
Government.
The BLS has published estimates
of hours and earnings of production workers since 1909. Because
these workers are about 80 percent
of all employees (as measured by the
CES survey), their hours and earnings data are by no means complete
information about the total private
economy. Accordingly, the BLS began publishing all-employee hours
and earnings data on an experimental basis on March 11, 2008, in order
to provide a more complete picture
of employee hours and earnings than
what is available with the production worker data. The all-employee
payroll data provide comprehensive
information suitable for analyzing
economic trends.
Official publication of State and
area CES all-employee payroll data
began on March 10, 2010. States are
required to publish, at a minimum,
all-employee hours and earnings
Dante A. DeAntonio is an economist in the
State and Area Branch, Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics, Bureau of Labor Statistics. E-mail: deantonio.
[email protected]
data (1) for all statewide major industry sectors that have a sufficient
sample and (2) at the total privateindustry level for each metropolitan
statistical area. Data on certain industries—for example, trade, transportation, and utilities; professional
and business services; and leisure
and hospitality—are available for every State. Other highly reported industries include construction (for 49
States), manufacturing (46 States),
and education and health services
(48 States).
Production worker hours and
earnings
Previously, the only series universally produced at the statewide level
was production worker hours and
earnings for manufacturing. Therefore, there is a basis, albeit limited,
for comparison with the new allemployee hours and earnings. It is
expected that, in most of the goodsproducing industries in which companies depend on the output produced by these workers, the average
weekly hours of production workers
will be higher than the more comprehensive all-employee measure.
Table 1 presents a State-by-State
comparison of all-employee and
production worker average weekly
hours in manufacturing at two different points in time. The new allemployee hours and earnings data
series began in January 2007, so that
is where an initial comparison can be
made.
In January 2007, out of 45 States
that reported both all-employee and
production worker average weekly
hours in manufacturing, 34 showed
the latter to be greater than the former. The largest differences occurred
in Alaska (5.2 hours), South Dakota
(5.1 hours), and Idaho (4.5 hours).
Also of note is that 15 out of the 45
States reported production worker
hours to be greater than all-employee
hours by at least 2 hours.
By October 2009, the gap between
production worker and all-employee
hours diminished somewhat. Out of
45 States reporting both, production worker hours were greater in 30.
The largest differences also diminished, with the top three now being
3.8 hours, in Michigan; 3.4 hours,
in Virginia; and 3.3 hours, in South
Dakota. In October 2009, only 7
States showed a difference of at least
2 hours between production worker
and all-employee hours. The national
data, shown in italics, also suggest
that the gap between the two kinds
of hours lessened between January
2007 and October 2009: the difference at the national level fell from
1.2 hours to 0.9 hour over that period. Average weekly hours declined
for both production workers and all
employees, with the former showing
a stronger drop, an indication that
the recession, which began in December 2007, has affected production workers’ average weekly hours
more than it has all employees’.
A similar comparison can be made
with the use of average hourly earnings data. Because supervisors’ and
executives’ earnings are included in
the calculation of all-employee average hourly earnings, it is expected that
all-employee earnings will be greater
than that of production workers. Table 2 gives a State-by-State comparison of all-employee and production
worker average hourly earnings in the
manufacturing sector, over the same
timeframe as that in table 1. In January 2007, all 45 States that reported
data for both production worker and
all-employee average hourly earnMonthly Labor Review • March 2010 41
Program Report
Table 1. Manufacturing, difference of average weekly hours, all employees and production workers, January 2007 and
October 2009, ranked by State1
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
6
9
9
11
12
12
12
12
16
17
18
18
20
...
21
22
22
24
25
26
27
27
27
30
31
31
31
34
35
35
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
1
State
Alaska
South Dakota
Idaho
Kansas
Arkansas
Louisiana
Maine
Ohio
Arizona
Virginia
New Jersey
California
Hawaii
New York
Wisconsin
Pennsylvania
Maryland
Connecticut
Vermont
Texas
National
Missouri
Illinois
Oregon
Rhode Island
North Carolina
Colorado
Massachusetts
Nebraska
South Carolina
Minnesota
New Hampshire
Utah
Mississippi
Indiana
Iowa
Michigan
West Virginia
North Dakota
Tennessee
Delaware
Washington
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Oklahoma
January 2007
(1)
(2)
All
Production
employees
workers
34.8
40.0
36.6
41.7
37.7
42.2
39.5
43.1
37.3
40.8
39.0
41.5
39.4
41.9
39.1
41.6
38.8
41.1
39.0
41.3
39.4
41.6
38.2
40.2
34.7
36.7
39.1
41.1
38.1
40.1
39.0
40.9
38.7
40.5
40.4
42.1
38.4
40.1
39.8
41.2
39.6
40.8
38.2
39.2
40.1
41.0
38.1
39.0
38.5
39.3
40.3
41.0
37.7
38.3
39.4
39.9
41.9
42.4
41.1
41.6
40.8
41.1
41.0
41.2
39.8
40.0
39.7
39.9
40.7
40.8
40.1
40.1
40.7
40.7
41.1
41.0
39.6
39.4
38.8
38.4
39.0
38.5
40.7
39.8
42.9
41.9
41.8
40.1
40.4
38.6
42.4
38.6
Difference
(2) – (1)
5.2
5.1
4.5
3.6
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.0
.9
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.5
.5
.3
.2
.2
.2
.1
.0
.0
–.1
–.2
–.4
–.5
–.9
–1.0
–1.7
–1.8
–3.8
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
10
10
12
13
14
15
15
...
17
18
18
20
20
20
23
24
24
26
27
27
29
29
31
32
32
32
35
36
36
36
39
40
40
42
43
44
45
State
Michigan
Virginia
South Dakota
Delaware
New Jersey
Alaska
California
New York
Wisconsin
Utah
Connecticut
Missouri
Vermont
Minnesota
Louisiana
Ohio
National
Nebraska
Colorado
Maine
Georgia
Maryland
Washington
Arizona
Indiana
Texas
Arkansas
Idaho
Pennsylvania
Iowa
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
North Carolina
North Dakota
Illinois
West Virginia
Florida
Mississippi
Oklahoma
Oregon
Rhode Island
Hawaii
South Carolina
Tennessee
Alabama
Kansas
October 2009
(1)
(2)
All
Production
employees
workers
39.6
43.4
40.2
43.6
36.9
40.2
38.7
41.4
39.5
41.7
44.1
46.3
37.8
39.9
38.5
40.3
38.2
39.9
39.1
40.7
39.2
40.8
38.5
39.9
37.2
38.5
38.4
39.6
41.8
42.8
38.8
39.8
39.5
40.4
40.0
40.9
37.8
38.6
40.3
41.1
38.4
39.1
39.8
40.5
41.8
42.5
38.1
38.7
39.4
39.9
39.6
40.1
39.4
39.8
39.1
39.4
39.0
39.3
40.4
40.6
39.4
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.3
39.1
37.8
37.6
40.0
39.8
39.7
39.4
37.4
37.0
40.3
39.9
40.2
39.8
38.6
38.1
38.5
37.7
34.1
33.3
42.2
41.3
42.1
41.0
41.1
39.6
44.2
39.5
Difference
(2) – (1)
3.8
3.4
3.3
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.0
.9
.9
.8
.8
.7
.7
.7
.6
.5
.5
.4
.3
.3
.2
.2
–.1
–.2
–.2
–.2
–.3
–.4
–.4
–.4
–.5
–.8
–.8
–.9
–1.1
–1.5
–4.7
Excluding District of Columbia, Kentucky, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
ings had higher all-employee earnings. The largest differences were in
Colorado ($9.53), New Hampshire
($9.33), and Massachusetts ($8.90),
the smallest difference in Michigan
($1.04).
42 Monthly Labor Review • March 2010
In October 2009, all-employee
average hourly earnings remained
higher than production worker average hourly earnings in all States
reporting. (See table 2.) The largest
differences occurred in California
($8.75), New Hampshire ($8.10),
and Rhode Island ($7.97), the smallest difference in Alaska ($0.49).
Looking across all States’ reported
figures for the January 2007–October 2009 timeframe reveals a general
Table 2. Manufacturing, difference of average hourly earnings, all employees and production workers, January 2007 and
October 2009, ranked by State1
January 2007
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
...
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
1
State
Colorado
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Texas
California
New Jersey
Connecticut
Alaska
Washington
Arizona
Rhode Island
Illinois
Tennessee
Maryland
Florida
Pennsylvania
Oklahoma
Georgia
Alabama
Missouri
Minnesota
Kansas
Oregon
National
Louisiana
Wisconsin
Delaware
Vermont
New York
South Dakota
North Carolina
Utah
North Dakota
Indiana
Idaho
Ohio
Virginia
West Virginia
Maine
Nebraska
Iowa
Arkansas
Mississippi
Hawaii
South Carolina
Michigan
(1)
All
employees
October 2009
(2)
Production
workers
$26.59
26.23
27.58
22.64
24.32
24.95
28.02
23.38
27.98
21.83
20.14
22.54
20.00
23.07
20.50
20.52
19.70
20.19
20.54
20.93
22.24
22.48
20.39
21.32
22.67
21.04
21.70
20.21
22.30
17.95
18.54
19.73
17.36
22.05
21.68
22.33
20.15
21.27
21.65
17.66
18.84
16.08
15.99
18.13
17.40
23.12
$17.06
16.90
18.68
14.08
16.12
16.82
20.26
15.70
20.52
14.95
13.46
16.29
14.50
17.78
15.30
15.46
14.65
15.20
15.79
16.30
17.69
18.12
16.05
17.06
18.53
17.02
17.69
16.23
18.33
14.15
14.91
16.12
14.08
18.81
18.55
19.26
17.09
18.47
19.03
15.11
16.41
13.77
13.99
16.25
15.72
22.08
Difference
(2) – (1)
–$9.53
–9.33
–8.90
–8.56
–8.20
–8.13
–7.76
–7.68
–7.46
–6.88
–6.68
–6.25
–5.50
–5.29
–5.20
–5.06
–5.05
–4.99
–4.75
–4.63
–4.55
–4.36
–4.34
–4.26
–4.14
–4.02
–4.01
–3.98
–3.97
–3.80
–3.63
–3.61
–3.28
–3.24
–3.13
–3.07
–3.06
–2.80
–2.62
–2.55
–2.43
–2.31
–2.00
–1.88
–1.68
–1.04
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
15
17
18
...
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
30
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
State
California
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Texas
Massachusetts
Tennessee
Washington
Arizona
Connecticut
New Jersey
Colorado
Vermont
Minnesota
Missouri
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Florida
Alabama
National
New York
Idaho
Georgia
Maryland
Indiana
Nebraska
Oklahoma
Delaware
Utah
North Dakota
South Carolina
North Carolina
Louisiana
Oregon
Iowa
Wisconsin
Michigan
Mississippi
Hawaii
Ohio
Maine
South Dakota
Arkansas
Virginia
West Virginia
Kansas
Alaska
(1)
All
employees
(2)
Production
workers
Difference
(2) – (1)
$26.76
25.53
22.28
23.51
28.02
21.55
30.26
23.60
29.20
23.67
27.29
22.11
24.57
24.11
22.00
21.81
24.99
20.38
22.99
23.32
23.99
19.95
23.81
22.54
19.71
18.74
20.83
22.31
19.66
19.77
19.42
23.47
20.90
20.07
21.08
24.48
17.48
21.31
21.17
22.31
17.41
16.05
20.35
20.09
20.81
20.66
$18.01
17.43
14.31
15.61
20.61
14.74
23.52
17.05
23.18
17.91
21.54
16.46
19.02
18.71
16.72
16.53
20.03
15.45
18.33
18.79
19.83
15.80
19.68
18.44
15.69
14.84
17.01
18.56
15.95
16.14
15.95
20.00
17.48
16.76
18.04
21.69
14.83
18.77
18.68
19.85
15.09
14.10
18.47
18.40
19.49
20.17
–$8.75
–8.10
–7.97
–7.90
–7.41
–6.81
–6.74
–6.55
–6.02
–5.76
–5.75
–5.65
–5.55
–5.40
–5.28
–5.28
–4.96
–4.93
–4.66
–4.53
–4.16
–4.15
–4.13
–4.10
–4.02
–3.90
–3.82
–3.75
–3.71
–3.63
–3.47
–3.47
–3.42
–3.31
–3.04
–2.79
–2.65
–2.54
–2.49
–2.46
–2.32
–1.95
–1.88
–1.69
–1.32
–.49
Excluding District of Columbia, Kentucky, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
pattern of slight increases in both
all-employee and production worker average hourly earnings, which
worked to keep the gap between
them relatively stable. This same relationship is evident in the national
numbers shown in the table: nationwide, both all-employee and produc-
tion worker average hourly earnings
increased over the period, with the
gap between them rising slightly
(from $4.26 to $4.66).
Monthly Labor Review • March 2010 43
Program Report
Industry rankings
Tables 3–11 show all-employee average 2008 weekly hours and hourly
earnings, by State (where available),
for total private industry and for each
major industry sector. In each table,
States are ranked on both variables
by 2008 averages (the most recent
annual data available). The national
numbers are included in each table
for comparison.
At the total private level, all States
and the District of Columbia reported all-employee hours and earnings
data. (See table 3.) The lowest average
weekly hours were 32.3, in Montana,
the highest, 37.0, in Nevada. Twentyfive States had higher average weekly
hours than the national average of
34.5 hours. The lowest earnings were
in South Dakota, $16.53 per hour,
the highest in the District of Columbia, $32.37. The national average for
hourly earnings was $21.62, with 16
States reporting greater earnings.
In construction, 49 States reported
data. (See table 4.) The lowest average
weekly hours were 34.4, in Idaho, the
highest, 42.5, in Wyoming. Twenty-eight States had higher average
weekly hours than the national average, 37.8 hours. The lowest earnings
were $17.65 per hour, in Idaho, the
highest, $34.03, in New Jersey. The
national average for hourly earnings
in the industry was $23.96, with 20
States reporting greater earnings.
In manufacturing, 46 states reported data. (See table 5.) The lowest
average weekly hours were 36.4, in
Hawaii, the highest, 44.7, in Alaska. Twenty-three States had higher
average weekly hours than the national average, 39.8 hours. The lowest earnings, $16.34 per hour, were in
South Dakota, the highest, $29.08,
in Connecticut. The national average
for hourly earnings in the industry
was $22.16, with 20 States reporting
44 Monthly Labor Review • March 2010
Table 3. Total private industry: all-employee average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings, 2008, ranked by State
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
12
14
14
14
14
18
18
20
20
20
23
24
24
...
26
27
28
28
28
31
31
33
33
35
36
36
38
38
38
41
41
41
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
State
Nevada
Wyoming
Louisiana
Texas
Kentucky
Alabama
District of Columbia
Mississippi
South Carolina
Oklahoma
New Mexico
Alaska
Georgia
Arkansas
Florida
Tennessee
West Virginia
Indiana
Virginia
Arizona
Colorado
Kansas
Maryland
Utah
Washington
National
Missouri
Vermont
Illinois
Maine
North Carolina
California
Michigan
New York
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Idaho
Ohio
Delaware
Iowa
Oregon
Massachusetts
Nebraska
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Minnesota
Wisconsin
South Dakota
New Hampshire
Hawaii
North Dakota
Montana
Weekly
hours
37.0
36.7
36.5
36.3
36.2
36.0
35.8
35.6
35.6
35.5
35.4
35.3
35.3
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.0
35.0
34.8
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.6
34.6
34.5
34.5
34.4
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.2
34.2
34.1
34.1
34.0
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.8
33.8
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.6
33.5
33.0
32.9
32.8
32.6
32.4
32.3
greater earnings.
In trade, transportation, and utilities, all States and the District of
Columbia reported data. (See table
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
...
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
State
District of Columbia
Connecticut
Massachusetts
New York
New Jersey
Washington
Alaska
California
Maryland
Colorado
Minnesota
Delaware
Illinois
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Virginia
National
Michigan
Vermont
Texas
Utah
Florida
Oregon
Wyoming
Hawaii
Georgia
Arizona
Wisconsin
Missouri
Pennsylvania
Indiana
Kansas
Ohio
North Carolina
Nebraska
Nevada
Alabama
Tennessee
Louisiana
Maine
South Carolina
North Dakota
New Mexico
Montana
Iowa
Kentucky
West Virginia
Idaho
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Mississippi
South Dakota
Hourly
earnings
$32.37
27.71
26.38
25.48
25.32
25.23
25.01
24.70
24.56
23.80
23.23
22.73
22.67
22.66
22.50
22.31
21.62
21.62
21.35
21.30
21.10
21.00
20.93
20.83
20.80
20.77
20.69
20.67
20.57
20.43
20.30
20.13
20.11
19.90
19.79
19.75
19.56
19.40
19.22
18.96
18.80
18.75
18.73
18.43
18.35
18.07
17.70
17.53
17.43
17.21
16.89
16.53
6.) The lowest average weekly hours
were 30.1, in Utah and New Hampshire, the highest 40.1, in Texas.
Twenty-six States had higher average
Program Report
Table 4. Construction: all-employee average weekly hours and
average hourly earnings, 2008, ranked by State1
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
10
11
12
12
14
14
16
17
18
19
19
21
22
23
23
25
25
25
28
...
29
29
29
32
32
34
35
36
37
38
38
40
40
40
43
44
44
46
47
48
49
1
2
State
Wyoming
Texas
Louisiana
Alabama
Oklahoma
Alaska
New Mexico
Nebraska2
South Dakota2
Maine
Iowa
Maryland2
Virginia
Florida
Mississippi
Vermont
North Dakota
North Carolina
Colorado
Kentucky
Pennsylvania
Minnesota
Michigan
West Virginia
Indiana
Kansas
South Carolina
Wisconsin
National
Arkansas
Georgia
Washington
Connecticut
Tennessee2
Massachusetts
Nevada
Ohio
New Jersey
Missouri
Delaware2
Arizona
Oregon
Rhode Island
Illinois
Hawaii2
New York
California
Utah
Montana
Idaho
Weekly
hours
42.5
42.0
41.8
41.6
41.2
41.1
40.5
40.2
40.2
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.3
39.3
39.2
39.0
38.6
38.5
38.5
38.3
38.2
38.1
38.1
38.0
38.0
38.0
37.9
37.8
37.8
37.8
37.8
37.6
37.6
37.5
37.4
37.0
36.9
36.7
36.7
36.5
36.5
36.5
36.3
36.2
36.2
35.3
35.2
34.5
34.4
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
...
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
State
New Jersey
Hawaii2
Alaska
Illinois
Massachusetts
New York
Connecticut
Washington
Wisconsin
Rhode Island
Minnesota
California
Michigan
Delaware2
Missouri
Nevada
Maryland2
Ohio
Colorado
Oregon
National
Pennsylvania
Wyoming
Indiana
Montana
Utah
Arizona
Vermont
West Virginia
Virginia
Louisiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Florida
Texas
North Dakota
New Mexico
North Carolina
Georgia
South Carolina
Tennessee2
Nebraska2
Maine
South Dakota2
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Alabama
Mississippi
Idaho
Hourly
earnings
$34.03
33.15
33.00
31.32
30.72
30.14
28.91
28.65
27.87
27.09
26.69
26.37
26.31
26.01
25.86
25.80
24.62
24.61
24.46
24.41
23.96
23.96
23.94
23.34
23.15
22.61
21.76
21.47
21.44
21.39
21.29
21.01
20.79
20.62
20.24
19.69
19.55
19.52
19.43
19.42
19.34
19.30
19.19
19.11
18.76
18.67
18.17
18.13
17.90
17.65
Excluding District of Columbia and New Hampshire.
Data combine construction with logging and mining.
weekly hours than the national average, 34.4 hours. The lowest earnings
were $15.09 per hour, in Mississippi,
the highest, $27.54, in Texas. The national average for hourly earnings
in the industry was $18.93, with 18
States reporting greater earnings.
In financial activities, 41 states reported data. (See table 7.) The lowest
average weekly hours were 34.8, in
Kansas, the highest, 38.8, in Delaware. Twenty States had higher average weekly hours than the national
average, 36.5 hours. The lowest earnings were $16.78 per hour, in West
Virginia, the highest, $42.44, in
Connecticut. The national average
for hourly earnings in the industry
was $26.16, with 11 States reporting
greater earnings.
In professional and business services, all States and the District of Columbia reported data. (See table 8.)
The lowest average weekly hours were
31.8, in Hawaii, the highest, 40.2, in
South Carolina. Twenty-nine States
had higher average weekly hours than
the national average, 35.2 hours. The
lowest earnings were $18.32 per hour,
in Mississippi, the highest, $38.20, in
the District of Columbia. The national average for hourly earnings in the
industry was $25.82, with 21 States
reporting greater earnings.
In education and health services, 48
States reported data. (See table 9.)
The lowest average weekly hours were
30.6, in New Jersey, the highest, 39.5,
in Utah. Fifteen States had higher average weekly hours than the national
average, 33.7 hours. The lowest earnings were $16.17 per hour, in Arkansas, the highest, $26.04, in Maryland.
The national average for hourly earnings in the industry was $22.12, with
13 States reporting greater earnings.
In leisure and hospitality, all States
and the District of Columbia reported data. (See table 10.) The lowest average weekly hours were 21.3, in Nebraska, the highest, 34.3, in Nevada.
Twenty-five States had higher average weekly hours than the national
average, 25.9 hours. The lowest earnings were $9.50 per hour, in Arkansas, the highest, $17.62, in New York.
The national average for hourly earnings in the industry was $12.77, with
15 States reporting greater earnings.
In the catchall category titled “other
Monthly Labor Review • March 2010 45
Program Report
services,” data were compiled for 30
States and the District of Columbia.
(See table 11.) The lowest average
weekly hours were 24.6, in North Dakota, the highest, 35.5, in Tennessee.
Six States had higher average weekly hours than the national average,
32.9 hours. The lowest earnings were
$13.04 per hour, in North Dakota,
the highest, $38.80, in the District of
Columbia. The national average for
hourly earnings in this compilation of
industries was $18.17, with 15 States
reporting greater earnings.
An easy relationship to derive
from the industry rankings of average weekly hours and average hourly
earnings is the disparity among the
variables. Table 12 shows that the
highest overall earnings in any industry were in information, with workers
in Washington having average hourly
earnings of $45.32. The lowest overall
earnings were in leisure and hospitality, with workers in Arkansas making
an average of $9.50 per hour. (The
leisure and hospitality industry also
reported, by far, the lowest maximum
earnings of any industry, with New
York workers earning an industryhigh $17.62 per hour). A look at the
differences between the highest and
lowest reported hourly earnings in
each industry reveals that three industries exhibited relatively large
disparities: “other services,” with the
largest difference, $25.76; financial
activities, $25.66; and information,
$24.20. Interestingly, in none of the
three industries did all 51 States report data, so the actual disparity may
in fact be larger than the observed
disparity, which is based on whatever
subset of State data is available.
Table 13 shows the highest and lowest reported average weekly hours (by
industry) and the disparities that result. The highest overall hours in any
industry were in manufacturing, with
46 Monthly Labor Review • March 2010
Table 5. Manufacturing: all-employee average weekly hours and average
hourly earnings, 2008, ranked by State1
Rank
1
2
3
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
13
13
16
16
18
18
18
21
21
21
...
24
25
26
26
26
29
29
29
32
32
32
35
36
36
38
39
40
40
42
43
43
45
46
1
State
Alaska
South Carolina
Oklahoma
Texas
Kansas
Louisiana
Alabama
Washington
Michigan
Connecticut
West Virginia
Nebraska
Indiana
Maine
New Hampshire
Mississippi
Pennsylvania
Iowa
New Jersey
Ohio
Florida
Minnesota
Virginia
National
Illinois
Tennessee
Massachusetts
Missouri
North Carolina
Georgia
Kentucky
Rhode Island
Arkansas
South Dakota
Utah
Maryland
California
Oregon
Colorado
Arizona
New York
Wisconsin
Vermont
Delaware
North Dakota
Idaho
Hawaii
Weekly
hours
44.7
42.6
42.1
42.1
41.9
41.8
41.6
41.4
41.3
41.1
40.9
40.5
40.3
40.3
40.3
40.2
40.2
40.1
40.1
40.1
39.9
39.9
39.9
39.8
39.8
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.5
39.4
39.4
39.4
39.0
39.0
39.0
38.9
38.8
38.8
38.6
38.5
38.4
38.4
38.2
37.6
37.6
37.2
36.4
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
...
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
38
39
39
41
42
43
44
45
46
State
Connecticut
Washington
Colorado
Massachusetts
California
Michigan
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Louisiana
Maryland
Missouri
Texas
New York
Kansas
Indiana
Arizona
Idaho
Minnesota
Delaware
Florida
National
Ohio
Illinois
Maine
Rhode Island
Wisconsin
West Virginia
Pennsylvania
Utah
Vermont
Hawaii
Alabama
Oregon
Tennessee
Virginia
Kentucky
Alaska
Oklahoma
Georgia
North Dakota
South Carolina
Nebraska
North Carolina
Iowa
Arkansas
Mississippi
South Dakota
Hourly
earnings
$29.08
28.62
27.47
27.11
25.28
25.23
24.62
24.05
23.55
23.20
23.11
23.06
22.84
22.75
22.61
22.56
22.53
22.44
22.41
22.19
22.16
21.98
21.67
21.66
21.31
21.29
21.17
21.14
21.13
20.75
20.71
20.49
20.28
20.28
20.03
19.59
19.24
19.08
19.04
18.96
18.96
18.62
18.61
18.24
16.88
16.70
16.34
Excluding District of Columbia, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
workers in Alaska averaging 44.7
hours per week. The lowest overall
hours were in leisure and hospitality,
with workers in Nebraska averaging
21.3 hours per week. Three industries
showed a range of average weekly
Program Report
hours greater than or equal to 10:
leisure and hospitality, 13.0 (highest,
34.3; lowest, 21.3); “other services,”
10.9 (highest, 35.5; lowest, 24.6); and
trade, transportation, and utiliTable 6. Trade, transportation, and utilities: all-employee
average weekly hours and average hourly earnings,
ties, 10.0 (high2008, ranked by State
est, 40.1; lowest,
Weekly
Hourly
30.1).
Rank
State
Rank
State
hours
1
2
3
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
10
12
13
14
14
14
17
17
19
20
20
20
23
23
25
25
...
27
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
36
38
38
38
41
42
43
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
Texas
Nevada
District of
Columbia
Indiana
Louisiana
Arizona
Alabama
Arkansas
Wyoming
Mississippi
New Mexico
Georgia
California
Colorado
Kentucky
North Carolina
Idaho
Washington
Tennessee
Kansas
Rhode Island
Virginia
Missouri
West Virginia
Oregon
South Carolina
National
Florida
Illinois
New York
Oklahoma
Delaware
Maryland
Connecticut
Vermont
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Ohio
New Jersey
North Dakota
Wisconsin
Hawaii
Massachusetts
Maine
Montana
Alaska
Minnesota
Nebraska
Iowa
South Dakota
New Hampshire
Utah
40.1
37.7
36.7
36.7
36.6
36.4
36.2
36.1
35.9
35.5
35.5
35.4
35.2
35.1
35.1
35.1
34.9
34.9
34.8
34.7
34.7
34.7
34.6
34.6
34.5
34.5
34.4
34.4
34.4
34.3
34.2
34.1
34.0
33.9
33.7
33.6
33.5
33.5
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.1
33.0
32.6
32.6
32.5
32.4
32.0
31.7
31.5
30.1
30.1
earnings
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
...
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Texas
New Jersey
Massachusetts
District of
Columbia
Connecticut
New York
Wyoming
California
Washington
Minnesota
Rhode Island
Georgia
Utah
Illinois
Alaska
Colorado
Arizona
North Dakota
National
Michigan
Florida
Tennessee
Wisconsin
North Carolina
Virginia
Oregon
Maryland
Ohio
Vermont
Hawaii
Pennsylvania
Missouri
Kansas
South Carolina
New Hampshire
Nevada
Indiana
Delaware
Nebraska
Maine
New Mexico
Alabama
Oklahoma
Arkansas
Iowa
Montana
Idaho
Kentucky
Louisiana
South Dakota
West Virginia
Mississippi
$27.54
24.40
23.39
22.60
22.37
21.49
20.70
20.39
20.37
20.25
20.24
19.81
19.79
19.47
19.45
19.34
19.30
19.03
18.93
18.82
18.81
18.77
18.76
18.63
18.60
18.49
18.39
18.13
18.11
17.97
17.94
17.83
17.74
17.63
17.61
17.57
17.56
17.30
17.22
17.18
16.88
16.76
16.64
16.44
16.36
16.08
16.07
15.81
15.48
15.16
15.15
15.09
Note
1
This is the second of two reports in this issue of the Review that discusses all-employee
hours and earnings from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey. The first report, “Hours and earnings for all employees,”
by Angie Clinton (pp. 34–40) provides additional background on these data and discusses
them in the national context.
Table 7. Financial activities: all-employee average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings, 2008, ranked
by State1
Rank
1
2
3
3
5
6
6
8
8
10
11
11
13
13
13
13
13
18
18
18
...
21
21
21
21
25
25
27
27
27
30
30
32
33
33
35
35
37
37
39
39
41
State
Delaware
Arkansas
Kentucky
Nevada
Texas
Alabama
Mississippi
Massachusetts
Tennessee
New Jersey
Missouri
New York
California
Florida
Indiana
Montana
Ohio
Arizona
Idaho
South Carolina
National
Nebraska
North Dakota
Utah
Washington
North Carolina
Oregon
Louisiana
Minnesota
Oklahoma
Illinois
Michigan
Maryland
Georgia
Wisconsin
Colorado
Pennsylvania
Connecticut
Iowa
Virginia
West Virginia
Kansas
Weekly
hours
38.8
38.1
38.0
38.0
37.6
37.4
37.4
37.1
37.1
37.0
36.9
36.9
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.8
36.7
36.7
36.7
36.5
36.5
36.5
36.5
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.3
36.3
36.3
36.2
36.2
36.1
35.9
35.9
35.8
35.8
35.6
35.6
35.5
35.5
34.8
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
...
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
32
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
State
Connecticut
New York
California
Massachusetts
Delaware
New Jersey
Maryland
Illinois
North Carolina
Minnesota
Nebraska
National
Pennsylvania
Texas
Georgia
Iowa
Washington
Wisconsin
Oregon
Ohio
Nevada
Michigan
Florida
Missouri
Utah
Colorado
Arizona
South Carolina
Indiana
Kansas
Kentucky
Arkansas
Tennessee
Virginia
Alabama
Idaho
Montana
Mississippi
Louisiana
Oklahoma
North Dakota
West Virginia
Hourly
earnings
$42.44
34.91
30.87
29.42
28.66
28.36
28.17
27.78
27.11
26.95
26.40
26.16
26.01
25.25
24.95
24.95
24.76
24.41
24.24
24.15
23.79
23.51
23.47
23.14
22.73
22.51
22.45
22.11
21.70
21.56
21.47
21.02
20.92
20.92
20.28
20.00
19.68
19.46
19.37
17.49
17.07
16.78
Excluding Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Maine, New Hampshire,
New Mexico, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming.
1
Monthly Labor Review • March 2010 47
Program Report
Table 8. Professional and business services: all-employee
average weekly hours and average hourly earnings, 2008, ranked by State
Rank
State
Weekly
hours
Rank
State
1
South Carolina
40.2
1
2
District of
Columbia
Florida
Louisiana
Maryland
Nevada
Tennessee
Virginia
Oklahoma
Vermont
New Mexico
Colorado
Mississippi
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Illinois
Maine
Massachusetts
Minnesota
Texas
Arizona
Alaska
Kentucky
Missouri
California
Alabama
Ohio
Arkansas
New York
National
North Carolina
West Virginia
Pennsylvania
Washington
Georgia
Idaho
Oregon
Connecticut
Indiana
North Dakota
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Michigan
New Jersey
Montana
Nebraska
Delaware
Kansas
Utah
Iowa
South Dakota
Hawaii
District of
Columbia
37.6
37.2
37.2
37.0
37.0
37.0
36.9
36.7
36.6
36.5
36.2
36.1
36.1
36.1
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
36.0
35.9
35.8
35.8
35.8
35.7
35.6
35.6
35.5
35.4
35.2
35.2
35.2
35.0
34.9
34.7
34.7
34.7
34.5
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.2
34.2
34.1
34.1
33.6
33.6
33.5
33.0
32.4
31.8
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
...
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
29
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
39
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
Utah
Virginia
Massachusetts
New York
Maryland
Connecticut
Alaska
California
Colorado
New Hampshire
Washington
Delaware
New Jersey
Rhode Island
Minnesota
Illinois
Missouri
Georgia
Michigan
Nevada
National
Texas
Kansas
Pennsylvania
North Carolina
Oregon
Arizona
New Mexico
Ohio
Vermont
Louisiana
Alabama
Florida
South Carolina
Nebraska
Tennessee
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Idaho
Maine
Hawaii
South Dakota
North Dakota
Iowa
West Virginia
Arkansas
Montana
Indiana
Oklahoma
Kentucky
Mississippi
3
3
5
5
5
8
9
10
11
12
13
13
13
16
16
16
16
16
21
22
22
24
25
26
26
28
29
...
30
30
32
33
34
34
34
37
38
38
38
38
42
42
44
44
46
46
48
49
50
51
48 Monthly Labor Review • March 2010
Hourly
earnings
$38.20
35.95
33.17
32.83
32.51
31.28
31.09
30.89
30.35
29.87
29.68
29.35
28.95
28.80
28.65
27.80
27.69
26.48
26.21
26.09
25.95
25.82
25.26
25.21
25.03
24.62
24.59
24.40
24.31
23.96
23.96
23.77
23.68
23.58
23.37
23.24
22.96
22.89
22.79
22.55
22.55
22.11
21.85
21.76
21.23
20.46
20.28
19.73
19.62
19.49
19.44
18.32
Table 9. Education and health services: all-employee average
weekly hours and average hourly earnings, 2008,
ranked by State1
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
...
16
16
16
16
20
20
22
23
24
24
26
26
26
29
29
29
32
33
34
34
36
36
38
38
38
38
42
43
44
44
46
47
48
1
State
Utah
Georgia
Kentucky
Alabama
New Mexico
Michigan
Texas
Florida
Colorado
West Virginia
Arizona
Tennessee
Virginia
Mississippi
Louisiana
National
Nebraska
New York
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Kansas
Maryland
California
Vermont
Iowa
South Dakota
Missouri
Pennsylvania
Wyoming
Delaware
Hawaii
Indiana
Ohio
Montana
Maine
Rhode Island
Illinois
North Carolina
Arkansas
Minnesota
Oregon
Washington
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Idaho
Wisconsin
Connecticut
North Dakota
New Jersey
Weekly
hours
Rank
39.5
37.0
36.4
35.6
35.5
34.9
34.9
34.8
34.7
34.6
34.5
34.2
34.1
33.9
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.2
33.2
33.1
32.9
32.8
32.8
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.5
32.4
32.3
32.3
32.2
32.2
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.1
31.2
31.0
30.9
30.9
30.8
30.7
30.6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
...
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
State
Hourly
earnings
Maryland
Vermont
New Jersey
California
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Minnesota
Washington
Hawaii
Rhode Island
Arizona
Florida
Texas
National
Oregon
Colorado
New York
Indiana
Illinois
New Hampshire
Delaware
Georgia
Nebraska
Tennessee
North Carolina
Michigan
Wisconsin
Virginia
Alabama
Missouri
South Carolina
Kentucky
Pennsylvania
Ohio
Maine
North Dakota
Montana
Mississippi
Utah
Wyoming
Kansas
West Virginia
New Mexico
Idaho
Oklahoma
Iowa
South Dakota
Louisiana
Arkansas
$26.04
25.39
25.34
25.21
24.66
24.61
24.56
24.04
23.31
23.07
22.99
22.61
22.21
22.12
22.11
22.10
21.88
21.84
21.70
21.46
21.14
20.90
20.77
20.50
20.42
20.32
20.05
19.98
19.74
19.68
19.58
19.50
19.41
19.23
19.19
18.99
18.90
18.60
18.35
18.29
18.11
17.70
17.34
17.04
16.95
16.94
16.39
16.19
16.17
Excluding Alaska, District of Columbia, and Nevada.
Program Report
Table 10. Leisure and hospitality: all-employee average
weekly hours and average hourly earnings, 2008,
ranked by State
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
5
7
8
9
9
11
12
12
14
15
16
17
17
17
20
20
20
23
24
25
...
26
26
28
29
29
31
32
32
34
35
36
36
38
38
40
40
42
43
43
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
State
Nevada
District of
Columbia
Hawaii
Florida
New Jersey
New York
West Virginia
Louisiana
Arizona
New Mexico
Mississippi
Alaska
Georgia
Massachusetts
Kentucky
Arkansas
Idaho
Maryland
Texas
Connecticut
Tennessee
Wyoming
Oklahoma
California
Alabama
National
Missouri
North Carolina
Virginia
South Carolina
Vermont
Washington
Delaware
Illinois
Pennsylvania
Indiana
Oregon
Rhode Island
Colorado
Montana
Iowa
Maine
New Hampshire
Kansas
Utah
Ohio
Michigan
South Dakota
Minnesota
North Dakota
Wisconsin
Nebraska
Weekly
hours
34.3
32.0
30.2
28.5
28.2
28.2
28.1
27.9
27.8
27.8
27.7
27.6
27.6
27.2
27.1
26.9
26.8
26.8
26.8
26.7
26.7
26.7
26.6
26.4
26.0
25.9
25.7
25.7
25.6
25.5
25.5
25.4
25.1
25.1
24.9
24.7
24.6
24.6
24.4
24.4
24.3
24.3
24.2
23.9
23.9
23.8
23.4
23.3
23.0
21.9
21.8
21.3
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
...
16
17
18
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
State
New York
Hawaii
District of
Columbia
New Jersey
Maryland
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Vermont
Washington
Nevada
Rhode Island
California
Florida
Colorado
Alaska
National
Pennsylvania
Oregon
Arizona
Minnesota
Delaware
New Hampshire
Illinois
Maine
Missouri
Virginia
Georgia
Montana
Louisiana
Utah
North Carolina
Tennessee
Michigan
Texas
Wisconsin
Indiana
Iowa
Wyoming
South Dakota
New Mexico
Ohio
Mississippi
Kansas
South Carolina
Nebraska
North Dakota
Kentucky
Idaho
Oklahoma
Alabama
West Virginia
Arkansas
Hourly
earnings
$17.62
17.40
17.25
16.10
16.06
15.54
15.53
15.10
15.00
14.92
14.74
14.18
14.04
13.66
13.48
12.77
12.77
12.70
12.68
12.68
12.48
12.44
12.37
12.22
12.18
12.03
12.02
12.01
11.85
11.72
11.52
11.49
11.44
11.41
11.39
11.38
11.32
11.28
11.12
11.09
11.03
10.90
10.67
10.65
10.56
10.21
10.08
10.06
10.05
10.03
9.75
9.50
Table 11. Other services: all-employee average weekly
hours and average hourly earnings, 2008, ranked
by State1
Rank
State
Weekly
hours
1
Tennessee
35.5
2
District of
Columbia
Florida
South Carolina
Colorado
Kansas
National
Texas
Virginia
New Jersey
Arizona
Illinois
West Virginia
Georgia
Massachusetts
Ohio
Washington
Michigan
Alabama
Pennsylvania
California
Maryland
Connecticut
New York
Wyoming
North Carolina
Indiana
Iowa
Oregon
Wisconsin
Minnesota
North Dakota
34.7
3
4
5
6
...
7
8
9
10
10
10
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
22
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
34.5
34.1
33.6
33.4
32.9
32.9
32.8
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.4
32.1
31.9
31.7
31.3
31.1
31.0
30.8
30.7
30.7
30.4
30.4
30.1
29.4
29.2
28.0
27.7
26.9
26.2
24.6
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
...
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
State
District of
Columbia
Connecticut
Virginia
New York
Illinois
Massachusetts
Florida
Colorado
Maryland
Washington
California
Michigan
Wyoming
New Jersey
Kansas
National
Pennsylvania
Wisconsin
Oregon
Tennessee
Indiana
South Carolina
Alabama
Arizona
Ohio
North Carolina
Texas
West Virginia
Minnesota
Georgia
Iowa
North Dakota
Hourly
earnings
$38.80
22.67
21.73
21.69
21.60
21.25
20.91
20.79
20.30
19.83
19.34
19.29
18.80
18.79
18.75
18.17
18.01
17.63
17.35
17.21
16.88
16.78
16.44
16.29
16.16
16.08
16.00
15.85
15.68
15.45
14.77
13.04
1
Excluding Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Hampshire, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah,
and Vermont.
Monthly Labor Review • March 2010 49
Program Report
Table 12. Disparity in earnings, by industry, 2008
[In dollars per hour, based on annual averages]
Industry
Number of
States reporting
Highest
earnings
Total private industry..................................
Construction.........................................................
Manufacturing.....................................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities............
Information..........................................................
Financial activities.............................................
Professional and business services..............
Education and health services......................
Leisure and hospitality.....................................
Other services.....................................................
51
49
46
51
10
41
51
48
51
31
$32.37
34.03
29.08
27.54
45.32
42.44
38.20
26.04
17.62
38.80
State
District of Columbia
New Jersey
Connecticut
Texas
Washington
Connecticut
District of Columbia
Maryland
New York
District of Columbia
Lowest
earnings
State
Difference
$16.53
17.65
16.34
15.09
21.12
16.78
18.32
16.17
9.50
13.04
South Dakota
Idaho
South Dakota
Mississippi
Tennessee
West Virginia
Mississippi
Arkansas
Arkansas
North Dakota
$15.84
16.38
12.74
12.45
24.20
25.66
19.88
9.87
8.12
25.76
Table 13. Disparity in hours paid, by industry, 2008
[Average weekly hours, based on annual averages]
Industry
Total private industry...........................
Construction..................................................
Manufacturing...............................................
Trade, transportation, and utilities........
Information....................................................
Financial activities.......................................
Professional and business services........
Education and health services................
Leisure and hospitality...............................
Other services...............................................
50 Monthly Labor Review • March 2010
Number of States
reporting
51
49
46
51
10
41
51
48
51
31
Highest
hours
37.0
42.5
44.7
40.1
39.7
38.8
40.2
39.5
34.3
35.5
State
Nevada
Wyoming
Alaska
Texas
Washington
Delaware
South Carolina
Utah
Nevada
Tennessee
Lowest
hours
32.3
34.4
36.4
30.1
33.2
34.8
31.8
30.6
21.3
24.6
State
Montana
Idaho
Hawaii
Utah
Pennsylvania
Kansas
Hawaii
New Jersey
Nebraska
North Dakota
Difference
4.7
8.1
8.3
10.0
6.5
4.0
8.4
8.9
13.0
10.9