Additional errors were found in this report; data in table 4 were corrected since its reissue. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-workingpoor-data.htm.
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Poor, 2010
U.S. Department of Labor
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statisitics
March 2012
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Report 1035
I
n 2010, according to the Census Bureau, about 46.2 million
people, or 15.1 percent of the nation’s population, lived below
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This report presents data on the relationship between labor
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famlies.
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personal income is used as the determinant. Data were collected
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Following are additional highlights from the 2010 data:
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SHUFHQWRI+LVSDQLFVDQGSHUFHQWRI%ODFNVZHUHDPRQJWKH
ZRUNLQJSRRUFRPSDUHGZLWKSHUFHQWRI:KLWHVDQGSHUcent of Asians.
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‡
7KHOLNHOLKRRGRIEHLQJFODVVL¿HGDVZRUNLQJSRRUJUHDWO\GLPLQLVKHVDVZRUNHUVDWWDLQKLJKHUOHYHOVRIHGXFDtion. Among college graduates, 2.1 percent of those who
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those with less than a high school diploma.
‡
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in service jobs.
Table A.3RYHUW\VWDWXVRISHUVRQVDQGSULPDU\IDPLOLHVLQWKH
ODERUIRUFHIRUZHHNVRUPRUH (Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic
2007
2008
Total persons1 ........................... 146,567 147,838
In poverty ...............................
7,521
8,883
Working-poor rate ..................
5.1
6.0
Unrelated individuals ................. 33,226 32,785
In poverty ...............................
2,558
3,275
Working-poor rate ..................
7.7
10.0
Primary families2 ........................ 65,158 65,907
In poverty ...............................
4,169
4,538
Working-poor rate ..................
6.4
6.9
2009
2010
147,902 146,859
10,391 10,512
7.0
7.2
33,798 34,099
3,947
3,947
11.7
11.6
65,467 64,931
5,193
5,269
7.9
8.1
‡
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Includes persons in families, not shown separately.
Primary families with at least one member in the labor force for more
than half the year.
6HH WDEOH RI Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the
United States: 2010&XUUHQW3RSXODWLRQ5HSRUWVSS86&HQVXV%XUHDX
6HSWHPEHURQOLQHDWhttp://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p60-239.pdf.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey
(CPS), Annual Social and Economic Supplement (ASEC)
1
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did other age groups in 2010.
an associate’s degree and those with a bachelor’s degree or higher
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for White men and women. For example, 20.2 percent of White
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high school diploma were about the same—24.0 percent and 26.5
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a bachelor’s degree or higher also were similar, at 4.0 percent and
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a complete count using the same questionnaire and procedures.
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numbers are small. Thus, both small estimates and small differences between estimates should be interpreted with caution.
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0HGLFDUH0HGLFDLGSXEOLFKRXVLQJDQGHPSOR\HUSURYLGHGEHQH¿WV)RUDFRPSOHWHGH¿QLWLRQRILQFRPHVHHIncome, Poverty,
and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010, online at http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p60-239.pdf.
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The focus in this report is on persons who were in the labor force
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the different consumption requirements of families predicated on
Occupation. This term refers to the occupation in which a person
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job and were expecting to be recalled to that job. The number of
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used to describe the race of people in this report. People in these
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WKHWZRUHPDLQLQJUDFHFDWHJRULHV²$PHULFDQ,QGLDQDQG$ODVND
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the household respondent.
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unrelated individuals.
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WRSHUVRQVZKRLGHQWL¿HGWKHPVHOYHVLQWKH&36HQXPHUDWLRQSURFHVV
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Related children. Related children are children (including sons,
5
Table 1. 3HRSOHLQWKHODERUIRUFHSRYHUW\VWDWXVDQGZRUNH[SHULHQFHE\ZHHNVLQWKHODERUIRUFH
(Numbers in thousands)
27 or more weeks in the labor force
Poverty status and work experience
Total in the labor force
Total
50 to 52 weeks
158,882
6,562
152,320
119,145
33,175
10,852
22,323
146,859
4,497
142,362
115,227
27,135
9,680
17,455
134,601
4,024
130,577
108,637
21,940
8,388
13,552
145,964
4,289
141,674
113,625
28,049
8,189
19,861
136,348
2,918
133,430
110,399
23,031
7,328
15,702
125,589
2,612
122,977
104,397
18,581
6,364
12,217
12,919
2,272
10,646
5,520
5,126
2,664
2,462
10,512
1,580
8,932
4,829
4,104
2,351
1,752
9,012
1,412
7,599
4,240
3,360
2,024
1,335
8.1
34.6
7.0
4.6
15.5
24.5
11.0
7.2
35.1
6.3
4.2
15.1
24.3
10.0
6.7
35.1
5.8
3.9
15.3
24.1
9.9
7RWDO
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
$WRUDERYHSRYHUW\OHYHO
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
%HORZSRYHUW\OHYHO
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
5DWH1
Total in labor force ................................................................................
Did not work during the year ...............................................................
Worked during the year ......................................................................
Usual full-time workers .....................................................................
Usual part-time workers ....................................................................
Involuntary part-time workers .........................................................
Voluntary part-time workers ............................................................
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
6
Table 2. 3HRSOHLQWKHODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNVSRYHUW\VWDWXVE\DJHVH[UDFHDQG+LVSDQLFRU/DWLQR
HWKQLFLW\
(Numbers in thousands)
Below poverty level
Age and sex
Total
Black or
African
American
White
Total, 16 years and older .................. 146,859 119,582
16 to 19 years .......................................
3,140
2,621
20 to 24 years ....................................... 13,300 10,669
25 to 34 years ....................................... 32,561 25,743
35 to 44 years ....................................... 32,056 25,461
45 to 54 years ....................................... 34,721 28,539
55 to 64 years ....................................... 24,066 20,426
65 years and older ................................
7,015
6,122
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic
or Latino
ethnicity
16,827
329
1,795
4,216
3,884
3,870
2,197
536
7,063
72
449
1,661
1,948
1,636
1,049
247
21,283
571
2,546
6,127
5,467
4,068
1,943
560
10,512
452
2,057
3,005
2,353
1,689
814
143
7,728
326
1,531
2,132
1,778
1,258
604
99
2,120
101
429
670
428
314
148
30
339
7
43
89
87
66
43
5
3,010
125
421
954
862
454
162
32
Men, 16 years and older ...................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
78,626
1,577
7,035
17,908
17,362
18,223
12,627
3,893
65,229
1,317
5,720
14,446
14,146
15,244
10,900
3,455
7,848
153
862
2,031
1,784
1,790
987
240
3,759
37
253
926
1,022
854
526
141
12,653
328
1,547
3,857
3,275
2,255
1,081
311
5,299
206
908
1,568
1,242
890
408
77
4,166
164
718
1,228
1,023
674
305
54
816
27
160
226
161
150
75
16
167
4
12
51
33
45
19
3
1,817
74
211
615
549
268
80
20
Women, 16 years and older .............
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
68,234
1,563
6,265
14,652
14,694
16,498
11,439
3,122
54,353
1,304
4,950
11,296
11,314
13,295
9,526
2,667
8,979
177
933
2,185
2,099
2,079
1,209
297
3,304
35
196
735
927
782
524
105
8,630
244
999
2,270
2,192
1,814
862
249
5,213
246
1,149
1,437
1,111
799
406
66
3,561
162
813
904
756
584
299
45
1,304
74
269
444
267
163
73
14
173
3
30
38
54
21
24
–
1,193
51
210
339
314
186
81
12
Rate1
Age and sex
Black or
African
American
Asian
Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity
Total
White
Total, 16 years and older ..................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
7.2
14.4
15.5
9.2
7.3
4.9
3.4
2.0
6.5
12.4
14.3
8.3
7.0
4.4
3.0
1.6
12.6
30.6
23.9
15.9
11.0
8.1
6.8
5.5
4.8
(2)
9.5
5.4
4.5
4.0
4.1
2.1
14.1
21.8
16.5
15.6
15.8
11.2
8.3
5.8
Men, 16 years and older ...................
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
6.7
13.1
12.9
8.8
7.2
4.9
3.2
2.0
6.4
12.5
12.6
8.5
7.2
4.4
2.8
1.6
10.4
17.9
18.5
11.1
9.0
8.4
7.6
6.7
4.4
(2)
4.8
5.5
3.2
5.2
3.6
2.2
14.4
22.5
13.6
15.9
16.8
11.9
7.4
6.4
Women, 16 years and older .............
16 to 19 years .......................................
20 to 24 years .......................................
25 to 34 years .......................................
35 to 44 years .......................................
45 to 54 years .......................................
55 to 64 years .......................................
65 years and older ................................
7.6
15.7
18.3
9.8
7.6
4.8
3.5
2.1
6.6
12.4
16.4
8.0
6.7
4.4
3.1
1.7
14.5
41.7
28.8
20.3
12.7
7.9
6.0
4.6
5.2
(2)
15.5
5.2
5.8
2.7
4.6
1.9
13.8
20.9
21.0
15.0
14.3
10.2
9.4
4.9
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the
labor force for 27 or more weeks.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
NOTE: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or
African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are
not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as
Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to
zero.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
7
7DEOH People in the labor force for 27 or more weeks: poverty status by educational attainment, race, Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, and sex, 2010
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ROGHU /HVVWKDQDKLJKVFKRROGLSORPD /HVVWKDQ\HDURIKLJKVFKRRO ±\HDUVRIKLJKVFKRRO \HDUVRIKLJKVFKRROQRGLSORPD +LJKVFKRROJUDGXDWHVQRFROOHJH 6RPHFROOHJHRUDVVRFLDWH¶VGHJUHH 6RPHFROOHJHQRGHJUHH $VVRFLDWH¶VGHJUHH %DFKHORU¶VGHJUHHDQGKLJKHU 1XPEHUEHORZWKHSRYHUW\OHYHODVDSHUFHQWRIWKHWRWDOLQWKHODERU
IRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNV
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,QFOXGHVSHRSOHZLWKEDFKHORU¶VPDVWHU¶VSURIHVVLRQDODQG
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127((VWLPDWHVIRUWKHUDFHJURXSVVKRZQ:KLWH%ODFNRU$IULFDQ
$PHULFDQDQG$VLDQGRQRWVXPWRWRWDOVEHFDXVHGDWDDUHQRWSUHVHQWHG
IRUDOOUDFHV3HUVRQVZKRVHHWKQLFLW\LVLGHQWLILHGDV+LVSDQLFRU/DWLQRPD\
EHRIDQ\UDFH'DVKUHSUHVHQWVRUURXQGVWR]HUR
SOURCE:86%XUHDXRI/DERU6WDWLVWLFV
8
This revised table corrects errors in data by occupation. More information is at www.bls.gov/bls/errata/corrected-working-poor-data.htm.
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job
held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2010
(Numbers in thousands)
Rate1
Below poverty level
Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Total, 16 years and older2 .......................................... 142,362
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
75,942
66,420
8,932
4,427
4,505
6.3
5.8
6.8
52,776
25,631
27,145
1,069
476
593
2.0
1.9
2.2
21,829
30,947
24,784
33,738
15,309
18,429
12,458
13,173
10,864
12,718
7,689
5,030
9,371
17,774
13,921
21,020
7,621
13,399
354
715
3,092
2,069
1,246
822
201
275
1,061
667
373
294
153
440
2,031
1,402
874
528
1.6
2.3
12.5
6.1
8.1
4.5
1.6
2.1
9.8
5.2
4.8
5.9
1.6
2.5
14.6
6.7
11.5
3.9
14,023
1,007
8,060
4,956
13,433
794
7,873
4,766
591
213
188
190
1,404
196
968
241
1,339
159
942
237
66
36
25
4
10.0
19.4
12.0
4.9
10.0
20.1
12.0
5.0
11.1
17.1
13.5
2.0
16,920
8,446
8,474
13,190
6,009
7,180
3,730
2,437
1,294
1,283
603
680
871
342
529
412
261
151
7.6
7.1
8.0
6.6
5.7
7.4
11.1
10.7
11.7
White, 16 years and older2 ......................................... 116,412
63,292
53,120
6,695
3,563
3,132
5.8
5.6
5.9
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
44,286
21,924
22,362
801
404
397
1.8
1.8
1.8
18,820
25,466
18,818
27,447
12,686
14,762
11,020
10,904
8,431
10,379
6,552
3,827
7,800
14,562
10,387
17,068
6,134
10,934
272
528
2,258
1,451
857
594
173
231
816
506
293
214
100
297
1,442
945
565
381
1.4
2.1
12.0
5.3
6.8
4.0
1.6
2.1
9.7
4.9
4.5
5.6
1.3
2.0
13.9
5.5
9.2
3.5
12,427
909
7,177
4,340
11,927
727
7,007
4,192
500
182
170
148
1,227
181
846
201
1,166
149
820
197
61
32
25
4
9.9
19.9
11.8
4.6
9.8
20.5
11.7
4.7
12.2
17.5
14.9
2.5
13,331
6,746
6,585
10,536
4,939
5,597
2,796
1,807
988
943
453
489
657
278
379
286
175
110
7.1
6.7
7.4
6.2
5.6
6.8
10.2
9.7
11.2
Black or African American, 16 years and older2 .........
15,847
7,277
8,570
1,673
590
1,082
10.6
8.1
12.6
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
4,424
1,559
2,865
183
32
151
4.1
2.1
5.3
1,519
2,905
4,079
3,939
1,488
2,452
639
921
1,604
1,354
566
788
881
1,984
2,475
2,585
921
1,664
43
141
626
485
301
184
11
21
160
121
49
71
31
120
467
364
251
113
2.8
4.8
15.4
12.3
20.2
7.5
1.8
2.3
9.9
8.9
8.7
9.1
3.6
6.0
18.9
14.1
27.3
6.8
985
61
539
385
931
41
528
361
54
20
10
23
112
8
72
31
112
8
72
31
11.3
(3)
13.4
8.2
12.0
(3)
13.7
8.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
2,405
1,002
1,403
1,820
640
1,181
585
363
222
267
114
152
166
44
122
11.1
11.4
10.9
9.1
6.8
10.4
17.2
19.4
13.5
See footnotes at end of table.
9
–
–
–
–
101
70
30
Table 4. People in the labor force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year: poverty status by occupation of longest job
held, race, Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, and gender, 2010 — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Rate1
Below poverty level
Occupation, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Asian, 16 years and older2 .........................................
6,860
3,666
3,194
290
141
149
4.2
3.8
4.7
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
3,131
1,731
1,400
48
29
18
1.5
1.7
1.3
1,107
2,025
1,180
1,541
788
753
609
1,122
504
692
406
286
497
903
675
849
382
467
18
30
115
72
56
16
11
18
48
26
24
2
6
12
67
46
32
14
1.6
1.5
9.7
4.7
7.1
2.1
1.9
1.6
9.5
3.8
6.0
.7
1.2
1.4
9.9
5.4
8.4
2.9
271
11
128
133
255
7
125
122
17
4
2
10
6.1
(3)
10.2
2.6
6.5
(3)
10.4
2.9
737
511
226
484
299
185
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 16 years and older2 .......
20,484
Management, professional, and related occupations ....
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations ..............................................................
Professional and related occupations ..........................
Service occupations ......................................................
Sales and office occupations .........................................
Sales and related occupations ....................................
Office and administrative support occupations ............
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations ..............................................................
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ..................
Construction and extraction occupations .....................
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......
Production, transportation, and material-moving
occupations ..............................................................
Production occupations ...............................................
Transportation and material-moving occupations ........
17
–
17
–
–
–
–
–
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
13
4
13
4
253
211
42
39
28
10
21
14
6
18
14
4
5.2
5.5
4.6
4.3
4.8
3.4
7.1
6.5
(3)
12,160
8,324
2,695
1,638
1,056
13.2
13.5
12.7
3,950
1,809
2,141
122
55
67
3.1
3.0
3.1
1,669
2,281
5,223
4,374
1,921
2,453
912
897
2,650
1,798
938
859
758
1,384
2,573
2,576
983
1,594
57
65
964
450
271
179
34
21
438
160
90
70
23
44
526
290
181
109
3.4
2.8
18.5
10.3
14.1
7.3
3.7
2.3
16.5
8.9
9.6
8.1
3.1
3.1
20.4
11.3
18.4
6.9
3,427
469
2,246
713
3,236
353
2,203
680
191
116
42
33
723
132
502
89
686
103
495
88
37
28
8
1
21.1
28.1
22.4
12.4
21.2
29.3
22.4
12.9
19.2
24.4
(3)
(3)
3,489
1,746
1,743
2,652
1,165
1,487
837
581
256
436
202
234
300
117
182
137
85
52
12.5
11.6
13.4
11.3
10.1
12.3
16.3
14.6
20.4
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor
force for 27 weeks or more who worked during the year.
2 Includes the long-term unemployed with no previous work experience
and a small number of people whose last job was in the Armed Forces.
3 Data not shown where base is less than 80,000.
Note: Estimates for the race groups shown (White, Black or African
American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented
for all races. People whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may
be of any race. Dash represents or rounds to zero.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
10
Table 5. 3ULPDU\IDPLOLHVSRYHUW\VWDWXVSUHVHQFHRIUHODWHGFKLOGUHQDQGZRUNH[SHULHQFHRIIDPLO\PHPEHUV
LQWKHODERUIRUFHIRURUPRUHZHHNV
(Numbers in thousands)
Total families
At or above
poverty level
Total primary families ................................................
64,931
59,662
5,269
8.1
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
34,722
30,209
30,299
29,363
4,424
846
12.7
2.8
With one member in the labor force ..................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
With two members ..........................................................
With three or more members ..........................................
27,726
37,206
31,186
6,020
23,403
36,259
30,375
5,884
4,322
947
811
136
15.6
2.5
2.6
2.3
Married-couple families .............................................
48,427
46,167
2,260
4.7
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
24,518
23,908
22,724
23,443
1,794
465
7.3
1.9
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Husband ..........................................................................
Wife .................................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
With two members ..........................................................
With three or more members ..........................................
16,288
11,589
4,052
647
32,139
27,197
4,942
14,651
10,310
3,755
585
31,516
26,653
4,863
1,637
1,279
296
62
623
544
79
10.1
11.0
7.3
9.6
1.9
2.0
1.6
Families maintained by women .................................
11,678
9,211
2,466
21.1
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
7,793
3,885
5,597
3,615
2,196
270
28.2
7.0
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Householder ....................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
8,452
7,003
1,450
3,225
6,232
5,063
1,169
2,980
2,221
1,940
281
246
26.3
27.7
19.4
7.6
Families maintained by men .....................................
4,827
4,284
543
11.2
With related children under 18 years ................................
Without children ................................................................
2,411
2,416
1,978
2,306
433
110
18.0
4.5
With one member in the labor force ..................................
Householder ....................................................................
Relative ...........................................................................
With two or more members in the labor force ...................
2,986
2,448
537
1,841
2,521
2,059
462
1,763
465
390
75
78
15.6
15.9
13.9
4.2
Characteristic
Below poverty
level
1 Number below the poverty level as a percent of the total in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
NOTE: Data relate to primary families with at least one member in the labor force for 27 or more weeks.
SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
11
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7DEOH People in the labor force for 27 or more weeks: poverty status and labor market problems of full-time wage
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14
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