United States
Department
of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Hi storical,
technical
informatio~:
(202)
Current.data:
(202)
Media contact:
(202)
Private
523-9261
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523-1913
Business,
Washington, D.C. 20212
or
USDL 85-405
For Release:
10:00
AM EDT
Thursday,
October
3, 1985
1208
MULTI FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
MEASURES
Private
and
1984
Nonfarm
Business,
Annual
Measures
for
Multifactor
productivity--output
inputs--grew
4.1
percent
in 1984
Statistics
of the U.S.
Department
the
largest
increase
in multifactor
7.2 percent.
The
annual
covered
rates
of change
of
by the BLS measures
4.1
3.6
5.2
Details
are
given
Private
business
Multifactor
1983 to 1984
1983.
This
8.9
percent
percent.
The
of all
persons
the
principle
residential,
O~tput
in
percent
percent
percent
tables
for
for
for
Sectors
per
unit
of combined
labor
and capital
in private
business,
the
Bureau
of Labor
of Labor
reported
today (table
A).
This
is
productivity
since
1950 when it
increased
Changes
in mul tifactor
productivity
measure
growth
in ouput
(the
amount
of goods
and services
labor
and capital
engaged
in that
production.
As
of
such
factors
as
new technology,
economies
composition
of the workforce
and type
of capital,
and research
~nd de~elopment.
sectors
Manufacturing
multifactor
from 1983
the
difference
between
the
produced)
and the growth
in
such,.
it reflects
the effect
of
scale,
changes
in
the
labor
management
relations,
productivity
to 1984 are:
private
business,
private
nonfarm
manufacturing.
business,
for
the
three
major
and
1-6.
sector
productivity
increased
4.1
percent
in private
business
from
(table
4),
compared
with
an increase
of 2.9 percent
from 1982 to
rise,
the
largest
since
1950,
reflected
an increase
in output
of
and
an increase
in
combined
labor
and
capital
inputs
of
4.7
increase
in combined
inputs
resulted
from increases
in both hours
(5.5
percent)
and capital
services
(3.3
percent).
All five
of
components
of capital
services
(equipment,
structures,
rental
inventories,
and land)
increased
over the year.
per
hour
of
all
persons
increased
3.3
percent
from
1983
to
1984.
-2-
Table A. Productivity indexes and related measures
Percent change from 1983 to 1984
Pri vate
busj ness1
Private
nonfarm
busi ness1
Manu..facturing
3.3
5.5
4.1
?8
5.1
3.6
9.6
5.2
8.9
8.7
10.5
5.5
3.3
5.8
6.7
3.4
0.8
4.7
4.9
5.0
Capital services per hour of
all persons (capital-labor ratio)
-2.1
-2.2
•.5.$
Contribution of capital services per
hour to output per hour4
-0.8
-0.8
•.1.7
Item
P roducti vity:
Output per hour of all persons
Output per unit of capital services
Multifactor produGtivity2
Output:
3.5
Inputs:
Hours of all persons
Capital services
Combined units of labor and
capital input3
1 Excludes government enterprises.
2 Output per unit of combined labor and capital input.
3
Hours of all persons combined with capital service input index,
weighted by labor and capital shares.
4 Percent change in capital services per hour weighted by capital's
share of current dollar output.
-3Output
per
unit
of
capital
services
(capital
productivity)
increased
5.5 percent
for 1984, which also was the largest
rise
since
1950.
Capital
services
per hour--the
rate of substitution
of capital
for
labor--decreased
2.1 percent
from 1983 to 1984;
this
was the
largest
decrease
in this
series.
Private
nonfarm
business
Multifactor
productivity
rose 3.6 percent
in the private
nonfarm
business
sector
in 1984 (table
5).
Output
increased
8.7 percent
and
combin e din put"S i nc rea sed 4. 9 per c en t •
The r i s e i n combin e din put s
was a result
of increases
in hours of 5.8 percent
and capital
services
of 3.4 percent •. This was the largest
growth in capital
services
since
1981 (4.3 percent)
in private
nonfarm
business.
This increase
also
was reflected
in all five of the components
of capital
in 1984.
Output
p~r hou~ of all
persons
increased
2.8 percent
in private
nonfarm business
from 1983 to 1984.
The ratio
of capital
services
per
hour decreased
2.2 percent,
the greatest
decline
since
1959 when the
decline
was 2.3 percent.
5.1
Output
percent
per unit
in 1984,
of capital
as compared
services
(capital
with a 3.7 percent
productivity)
rose
intrease
in 1983.
Manufacturing
In manufacturing,
multifactor
productivity
increased
5.2 percent
from 1983 to 1984, the largest
rise
since
1976 when it increased
5.3
percent
(table
6).
The rise
in multifactor
productivity
reflected
an
increase
of 10.5
percent
in nutput
and an increase
in combined
inputs
of 5.0 per.cent.
The rise
in combined
inputs
resulted
from an
increase
in hours
of all
persons
of 6.7 percent
and an increase
in
cap i.tal
s e r v ice s 0 f O. 8 per c e nt • The i nc rea S e i n cap ita 1 s e r v ice sin
manufacturing
was the result
of increases
in equipment
and land and
decreases
in structures
and inventories
in 1984.
Output
per hour grew 3.5 percent
in manufacturing.
Output
per
unit of capital
services
"(capital
productivity)
increased
9.6 percent
in manufacturing
in 1984.
This
was the
largest
increase
since
1950, when it grew 10.4 percent.
The capital-labor
ratio
fell
5.5
percent,
equaling
the largest
previous
decline
which occured
in 1959.
Long-term
trends
Productivity
measures
vary from year
to year
in part
because
of
changes
in the economy related
to the business
cycle.
In order to get
an approximate
measure
of secular
trends,
long-term
measures
are
calculated.
Previously,
BLS published
measures
for the 1948-73 period
and for 1973-81.
The end points
of these
time periods
approximate
common stages
in the business
cycle.
With the
addition
of 1984
measures,
a third
period
has been added to show the results
from 1981
forward.
-4-
Table B. Compound annual rates of growth in output per hour of all persons, the
contribution of capital services per hour, and multifactor productivity, by major
sector, 1948 to 1984
19481984
Measu re
19481973
19731981
19811984
-
Private business 1
Output per hour pf all persons
2.4
3.0
0.7
2.1
Contribution of capital services
per hour to output per hour 2
0.9
1.0
0.6
0.3
Multifactor 'productfvity 3
1.5
2.0
0.1
1.8
Output per hour of all persons
2.1
2.5
0.6
2.2
Contribution of capital servic~s
per hour to output per hour
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.3
Multifactor productivity 3
1.3
1.7
-0.1
1.9
Output per hour of all persons
2.6
2.9
1.5
3.3
Contribution of capital servic~s
per hour to output per hour
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.2
Multifactor productivity 3
1.9
2.2
0.5
3.1
Private nonfarm business 1
Manufacturing
1
1 Excludes government enterprises.
2 Change in capital services per hour weighted by capital's share of current
dollar output.
3 Output per unit of combined labor and capital inputs.
Source:
Tables 1-3.
-5In the private
business
and nonfarm
business
sectors,
the growth
in output
per hour for the 1981-84 period
had almost
returned
to
1948-73 trend
rate
of growth
(table
B).
In manufacturing,
the
'1981-84 rate
exceeded
the historical
rate.
~1ultifactor
productivity
growth
al so has been increasing
.faster
than
the earl ier
trend
rate.
The contribution
of capital
services
per hour to the growth
in output
per hour was at the lowest
rate
since
1948.
rate
the
Summary
of Methods
The following
note
briefly
describes
the major
data
sources
and
the procedures
'used in deriving
BLSmultifactor
productivity
indexes.
More
detailed
information
on the
methods,
limitations,
and
data
sources
are in BlS Bulletin
2178, "Trends
in Multifactor
Productivity
11
1948-81.
The multifactor
productivity
indexes
are derived
by dividing
an
output
index.
by an· input
index
which
is a weighted
average
of the
hours
of all
persons
and capital
services.
The output
indexes
are
-computed
from measures
of constant
dollar
gross
domestic
product,
derived
from the national
income and product
accounts
developed
by the
Bureau
of Economic
Analysis
of the u.S.
Department
of Commerce.
The capital
input
series
measures
the services
derived
from the
stock
of
physical
assets.
The
assets
comprise
fixed
business
equipment,
structures,
inventories,
and
land.
Structures
include
nonresidential
structures
and residential
capital
which is rented
out
by profitmaking
firms
or persons.
Financial
assets
are excluded
as
are
owner-occupied
residential
structures.
The aggregate
capital
measures
are obtained
by weighting
each asset
type
by its
respective
rental
price.
The
labor
and
capital
components
of. the
input
indexes
are
combined
with weights
which represent
each component's
share
of total
output.
The index
uses changing
weights
where the share
in each year
is igeraged
with the preceding
year's
value.
'Data
are
presented
for
the
private
business,
private
nonfarm
bus ih e s s , and man u fa c t u r fn g s e c tor s .
The p r i vat e bus i n e s sse
c tor,
which
accounts
for
about
80 percent
of the gross
national
product,
includes
all
activities
in the economy with
the exception
of general
gove'rnment,
government
enterprises,
the
"rest-of-the-world"
sector,
own e r - 0 c cup i e d h 0 u sing,
non pro fit
ins tit uti 0 n s, and p r i vat e h 0 use h old
employees.
The
private
nonfarm
business
sector
also
excludes
agriculture
but includes
agricultural
services.
These multifactor
productivity
measures
describe
the relationship
between
output
in real
terms
and the
paid
labor
time
and capital
services
involved
in its production.
They do not measure
the specific
contributions
of labor,
capital,
or any other
factor
of production.
Rather,
the'y reflect
the joint
effects
of many influences"
including
c h a n g e sin
t e c h n 0 log Y; 1eve 1 0 f 0 u t put;
u t il i z a t ion
0f
cap a'c i t Y,
energy,
and materials;
the
organization
of production;
managerial
skill;
and the characteristics
and effort
of the work force.
-6-
Table 1. Private business sector: productivity and related measures, 1948-84
Productivity
Year
Output per
hour of all
persons
Output per
unit of
capital
1/
Inputs
t1ultifactor
product ivity
y
Output
Hours of
all persons
Capi tal
services
3/
4/
5/
Combined units
of 1abor and
capi tal inputs y
Capital
services
per hour
Indexes 1977=100
..•.
1948
1949
45.3
46.0
98.9
93.4
60.0
59.3
36.8
36.1
81.3
78.5
37.2
38.7
61.3
60.9
45.8
49.2
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
49.7
51.2
52.9
54.7
55.6
98.5
100.0
99.2
100.5
96.1
63.6
65.1
66.3
68.0
67.7
39.5
41.8
43.2
45.1
44.3
79.4
81.8
81.7
82.6
79.8
40.1
41.8
43.6
44.9
46.1
62.1
64.3
65.2
66.4
65.5
50.5
51.2
53.3
54.4
57.8
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
57.9
58.5
60.0
61.9
63.9
100.8
99.8
97.8
94.2
99.1
70.7
70.9
71.6
72.0
74.9
47.9
49.2
49.7
48.9
52.5
82.8
84.1
82.8
79.0
82.1
47.6
49.3
50.8
51.9
52.9
67.8
69.4
69.4
67.9
70.0
57.4
58.6
61.3
65.7
64.5
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
64.8
67.0
69.6
72.3
75.4
98.4
98.0
101.2
102.6
105.2
75.4
76.9
79.7
82.0
85.0
53.3
54.2
57.2
59.7
63.3
82.2
80.9
82.2
82.6
84.0
54.1
55.3
56.6
58.2
60.2
70.7
70.5
71.8
72.8
74.5
65.9
68.4
68.8
70.4
71.6
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
78.1
80.5
82.3
85.1
85.3
107.8
108.0
104.9
105.5
103.7
87.6
89.3
89.6
91.7
91.3
67.6
71.3
72.9
76.7
78.9
86.6
88.7
88.6
90.1
92.5
62.7
66.0
69.5
72.7
76.1
77 .2
79.9
81.4
83.6
86.5
72.4
74.5
78.5
80.7
82.3
1970
1971
,1972
1973
1974
86.1
89.3
92.4
94.8
92.5
98.5
98.1
101.0
103.0
96.5
90.2
92.2
95.2
97.5
93.8
78.3
80.6
86.0
91.8
89.9
90.8
90.3
93.1
96.8
97.2
79.4
82.2
85.2
89.1
93.1
86.7
87.5
90.3
94.1
95.8
87.4
91.0
91.5
92.0
95.9
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
94.5
97.6
100.0
100.5
99.3
92.0
96.1
100.0
101.8
100.3
93.6
97.1
100.0
101.0
99.7
88.0
93.7
100.0
105.5
107.9
93.1
95.9
100.0
105.0
108.6
95.7
97.5
100.0
103.6
107.5
94.0
96.5
100.0
104.5
108.2
102.8
101.6
100.0
98.7
98.9
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
98.7
100.6
100.8
103.7
107.1
95.6
94.1
89.5
92.3
97.4
97.6
98.3
96.8
99.6
103.7
106.4
109.2
106.3
111.1
121.0
107.8
108.5
105.4
107.2
113.0
111.4
116.0
118.8
120.4
124.3
109.0
111.0
109.9
111.6
116.8
103.3
106.9
112.7
112.3
109.9
See footnotes following table 6.
Octobe r 3, 1985
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-7-
Table 2.
Private nonfarm business sector: productivity and related measures, 1948-84
Productivity
Year
Output per
hour of all
persons
Output per
unit of
capital
,
1/
Inputs
r1ultifactor
productivity
Output
2/
3/
Hou rs of
all persons
4/
Capi tal
services
Y
Combined units
of 1abor and
capital inputs y
Capital
services
per hour
Indexes 1977=100
1948
1949
51.2
52.3
97.8
92.6
64.5
64.1
35.6
34.9
69.6
66.8
36.4
37.7
55.2
54.5
52.3
56.5
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
55.6
56.6
58.0
59.0
59.9
98.1
100.3
99.5
100.7
96.0
68.1
69.5
70.4
71.4
71.0
38.3
40.8
42.2
44.1
43,.2
69.0
72.1
72.8
74.7
72.1
39.1
40.7
42.4
43.8
45.0
56.3
58.8
60.0
61.7
6G.9
56.6
56.4
58.3
58.6
62.4
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
62.3
62.5
63.6
65.2
67.4
100.8
99.9
97.9
93.9
99.4
74.1
74.0
74.3
74.3
77 .5
46.8
48.1
48.7
47.8
51.6
75.1
77 .0
76.6
73.3
76.6
46.5
48.2
49.8
50.9
51.9
63.2
65.1
65.6
64.3
66.6
61.9
62.6
65.0
69.4
67.8
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
68.0
70.0
72.5
74.9
77 .9
98.4
98.0
101.3
102.7
105.6
77 .6
78.9
81.7
83.8
86.7
52.3
53.3
56.4
58.9
62.7
77.0
76.1
77.8
78.6
80.5
53.2
54.4
55.7
57.4
59.4
67.4
67.5
69.0
70.3
72.2
69.1
71.5
71.6
73.0
73.8
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
80.3
82.2
83.8
86.7
86.4
108.2
108.7
105.3
106.0
104.1
89.2
90.7
90.7
92.9
92.1
67.0
71.0
72.5
76.4
78.7
83.5
86.3
86.5
88.2
91.0
62.0
65.3
68.9
72.1
75.6
75.1
78.2
79.9
82.3
85.4
74.2
75.7
79.6
81.8
83.0
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
86.8
89.7
93.0
95.3
92.9
98.6
98.0
101-1
103.2
96.5
90.7
92.4
95.7
97.9
94.1
77 .8
80.1
85.8
91.7
89.7
89.7
89.3
92.2
96.2
96.5
78.9
81.8
84.8
88.8
93.0
85.9
86.7
89.6
93.6
95.3
88.0
91.6
92.0
92.4
96.3
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
94.8
97.8
100.0
100.6
99.0
91.7
96.1
100.0
101.9
100.1
93.6
97 .2
100.0
101.0
99.4
87.6
93.6
100.0
105.7
108.0
92.4
95.7
100.0
105.1
109.1
95.6
97.4
100.0
103.7
107.9
93.5
96.3
100.0
104.6
108.7
103.4
101.8
100.0
98.7
98.9
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
98.2
99.6
99.9
103.5
106.3
95.2
93.2
88.7
91.9
96.6
97.2
97.4
95.9
99.4
102.9'
106.4
108.7
105.9
111.3
121.0
108.4
109.1
106.0
107.6
113.8
111.7
116.6
119.4
121.1
125.2
109.5
111.6
110.4
112.0
117.5
103.1
106.8
112.6
112.6
110.1
See footnotes following table 6.
Octobe r 3, 1985
SOllRCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-8-
Table 3. rlanufacturing business sector: productivity and related measures, 1948.64
Productivity
Year
Output per
hour of all
persons
Output per
unit of
capital
1/
Inputs
Multi factor
productivity
Output
2/
}j
Hours of
all persons
4/
Capital
services
§j
Combined units
of labor and
capi tal inputs y
Capital
servi ces
per hour
Indexes 1977=100
19.48
1949
45.1
46.9
93.6
85.3
56.1
55.9
35.8
33.9
79.4
72.4
38.3
39.8
63.9
60.8
48.2
55.0
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
49.4
51.1
52.1
52.9
53.8
94.2
98.8
95.1
98.0
88.7
59.8
62.2
62.1
63.4
62.2
38.6
43.0
44.5
47.5
44.1
78.2
84.2
85,4
89.8
82.1
41.0
43.6
46.7
48.5
49.8
64.6
69.2
71.6
74.9
70.9
52.5
51.7
54.7
54.0
60.6
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
56.4
56.0
57.2
56.9
59.6
95.3
92.0
89.1
80.1
88.7
65.8
64.7
65.0
62.8
66.9
48.9
49.2
49.5
45.2
50.5
86.6
87.9
86.5
79.4
84.6
51.3
53.5
55.5
56.4
56.9
74.3
76.0
76.1
72.0
75.5
59.2
60.9
64.1
71.1
67.2
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
60.0
61.6
64.3
68.9
72.3
87.9
86.9
92.9
98.3
102.3
67.0
68.0
71.5
76.3
79.8
50.7
50.7
55.1
59.6
63.9
84.4
82.3
85.6
86.5
88.4
57.6
58.3
59.2
60.7
62.4
75.6
74.5
77.0
78.1
80.0
68.3
70.9
69.2
70.2
70.6
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
74.6
75.4
75.3
78.0
79.3
107.3
108.6
101.1
101.1
100.5
82.8
83.7
81.8
83.8
84.6
69.8
75.1
75.0
79.1
81.7
93.6
99.7
99.5
101.4
103.0
65.1
69.2
74.2
78.2
81.3
84.3
89.7
91.7
94.4
96.6
69.5
69.4
74.5
77 .1
78.9
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
79.2
84.0
88.2
93.0
90.8
91.8
92.3
99.8
108.2
99.6
82.3
86.0
91.1
96.8
93.1
77 .0
78.7
86.2
95.9
91.9
97.3
93.7
97.8
103.1
101.2
83.9
85.2
86.4
88.6
92.2
93.5
91.5
94.6
99.0
98.7
86.2
90.9
88.4
85.9
91.1
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
93.4
97.6
100.0
100.9
101.6
89.4
96.1
100.0
101.5
99.5
92.2
97.1
100.0
101.1
101.0
85.4
93.6
100.0
105.3
108.2
91.4
95.9
100.0
104.4
106.5
95.5
97.4
100.0
103.8
108.8
92.6
96.3
100.0
104.2
107.1
104.5
101.6
100.0
99.4
102.1
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
101.7
104.9
107.1
111.6
115.6
90.7
89.9
82.9
87.6
96.0
98.8
100.8
100.3
104.9
110.4
103.5
106.1
99.3
104.4
115.3
101.7
101.1
92.7
93.5
99.8
114.1
118.0
119.8
119.2
120.2
104.8
1Q5.2
99.0
99.5
104.5
112.2
116,7
129.2
127.5
120.4
See footnotes followi ng table 6.
Octobe r 3, 1985
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-9-
Table 4.
Private
business
sector:
productivity
and related
Productivity
Year
Output per
hour of all
, persons
Output per
unit of
capital
measures,
1948-84 Jj
Inputs
Multifactor
productivity
£I
Output
Hours of
all persons
i/
3/
Percent
Capital
services
Y
Combined units
of 1abor and
capital
inputs
§J
Capital
services
per hour
change
1949
1.6
-5.6
-1.1
-1.9
-3.4
3.9
-0.8
7.6
1950 ,
1951
1952
1953
1954
8.2
2.9
3.4
3.3
1.7
5.5
1.5
-0.8
1.3
-4.3
7.2
2.4
1.8
2.6
-0.4
9.4
5.9
3.3
4.4
-i.8
1.2
2.9
0.0
1.1
-3.4
3.7
4.4
4.1
3.1
2.7
2.1
3.5
1.5
1.8
-1.4
2.5
1.4
4.2
2.0
6.3
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
4.1
1.1
2.6
3.1
3.3
4.8
-0.9
-2.0
-3.7
5.3
4.4
0.3
0.9
0.7
4.0
8.1
2.6
1.0
-1.6
7.3
3.8
1.5
-1.5
-4.6
3.9
3.1
3.6
3.1
2.2
1.9
3.6
2.3
0.1
-2.3
3.2
-0.7
2.0
4.7
7.1
-1.9
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1.5
3.4
3.9
3.8
4.3
-0.7
-0.4
3.2
1.4
2.5
0.7
2.0
3.6
2.9
3.6
1.6
1.7
5.6
4.4
6.0
0.1
-1.6
1.6
0.6
1.6
2.3
2.1
2.3
2.9
3.4
0.9
-0.3
1.9
1.4
2.3
2.2
3.8
0.6
2.4
1.7
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
3.6
3.1
2.3
3.4
0.2
2.4
0.2
-2.9
0.9
-1.7
3.1
1.9
0.3
2.4
-0.5
6.8
5.5
2.2
5.2
2.9
3.1
2.4
-0.1
1.7
2.7
4.3
5.3
5.3
4.6
4.7
3.6
3.5
1.9
2.7
3.4
1.1
2.8
5.4
2.9
2.0
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
0.9
3.6
3.5
2.6
..2.4
-5.0
-0.5
3.0
2.0
..6.3
-1.2
2.2
3.3
2.4
-3.8
-0.8
3.0
6.7
6.6
-2.1
-1.7
-0.6
3.1
4.0
0.4
4.3
3.5
3.6
4.6
4.6
0.3
0.8
3.3
4.2
1.8
6.2
4.1
0.5
0.6
4.2
1975
1976
1977
'1978
1979
2.2
3.3
2.4
0.5
-1.2
..4.7
4.5
4.0
1.8
..1.4
-0.2
3.7
3.0
1.0
-1.3
-2.1
6.5
6.7
5.5
2.2
-4.2
3.1
4.2
5.0
3.5
2.7
1.9
2.6
3.6
3.7
-1.9
2.6
3.6
4.5
3.6
7.3
-1.2
-1.6
-1.3
0.2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
..0.6
1.9
0.3
2.8
3.3
-4.8
-1.5
-4.8
3.1
5.5
-2.0
0.7
-1.6
2.9
4.1
-1.3
2.6
-2.6
4.5
-0.8
0.7
-2.9
1.6
5.5
3.6
4.2
2.3
1.4
3.3
0.7
1.9
-1.1
1.5
4.7
4.4
3.5
5.4
-0.3
-2.1
See footnotes
following
table
6.
8.9
October 3, 1985
SOURCE:Bureau of Labor Statistics
-10-
Table 5.
Private nonfarm business sector:
productivity and related measures, 1948-84
Productivity
Year
Output per
hour of all
persons
Output per
unit of
capi tal
11
Inputs
Multifactor
productivity
2/
Output
Hours of
all persons
Capi tal
services
4/
Y
}j
Combi ned uni ts
of 1abor and
capi tal inputs §j
Cap ita1 '
services
per hour
,-
Percent change
1949
2.2
-5.3
-0.6
-1.9
-4.0
3.6
-1.3
7.9
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
6.3
1.9
2.5
1.7
1.5
6.0
2.2
-0.8
1.2
-4.7
6.2
2.0
1.3
1.5
-0.6
9.7
6.6
3.4
4.4
-2.0
3.2
4.6
0.9
2.6
-3.5
3.5
4.2
4.2
3.2
2.8
3.3
4.5
2.1
2.8
-1.4
0.3
-0.4
3.3
0.5
6.5
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
4.0
0.3
1.8
2.4
3.5
5.0
-0.8
-2.0
-4.1
5.9
4.4
-0.1
0.4
0.0
4.3
8.4
2.8
1.2
-1.9
8.0
4.2
2.5
-0.6
-4.3
4.4
3.2
3.7
3.3
2.3
2.0
3.8
3.0
0.8
-2.0
3.5
-0.9
1.1
3.8
6.8
-2.3
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
0.8
3.0
3.6
3.3
3.9
-1.1
-0.4
3.4
1.4
2.8
0.1
1.7
3.5
2.5
3.5
1.4
1.8
5.9
4.4
6.4
0.6
-1.2
2.2
1.1
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.4
3.0
3.5
1.3
0.1
2.3
1.8
2.8
1.9
3.4
0.2
1.9
1.1
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
3.1
2.4
1.9
3.4
-0.3
2.5
0.5
-3.1
0.7
-1.8
2.9
1.7
0.0
2.4
-0.8
7.0
5.9
2.1
5.4
2.9
3.7
3.4
0.2
2.0
3.2
4.4
5.4
5.4
4.7
4.8
4.0
4.2
2.1
3.0
3.8
0.7
1.9
5.2
2.7
1.5
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
0.4
3.4
3.7
2.5
-2.5
-5.3
-0.6
3.2
2.1
-6.5
-1.6
2.0
3.5
2.3
-3.9
-1.1
2.9
7.0
6.9
-2.2
-1.5
-0.4
3.2
4.3
0.4
4.5
3.6
3.7
4.7
4.7
0.5
0.9
3.4
4.5
1.8
6.0
4.0
0.5
0.4
4.3
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
2.0
3.2
2.2
0.6
-1.6
-5.0
4.9
4.0
1.9
-1.8
-0.5
3.8
2.9
1.0
-1.7
-2.4
6.9
6.8
5.7
2.2
-4.3
3.5
4.5
5.1
3.8
2.8
1.9
2.7
3.7
4.0
-1.9
3.0
3.8
4.6
3.9
7.4
-1.6
-1.8
-1.3
0.2
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
-0.8
1.5
0.3
3.6
2.8
-4.8
-2.1
-4.9
3.7
5.1
-2.2
0.2
-1.5
3.6
3.6
-1.5
2.2
-2.6
5.1
8.7
-0.7
0.7
-2.9
1.5
5.8
3.5
4.3
2.4
1.4
3.4
0.7
1.9
-1.1
1.5
4.9
4.2
3.6
5.4
-0.1
-2.2
See footnotes fo11owi ng table 6.
October 3, 1985
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics
-11-
Table 6.
Manufacturing business sector:
productivity and related measures, 1948-84
Inputs
Productivity
Year
Output per
hour of all
.persons
Output per
unit of
capi tal
.!I
Multifactor
productivity
y
Output
Hours of
all persons
Capital
services
il
'}j
51
Combined units
of 1abor and
capital inputs y
C apital
services
per hour
Percent change
1949
4.0
-8.8
-0.4
-5.2
-8.9
4.0
-4.9
14.1
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
5.4
3.4
1.8
1.7
1.6
10.4
4.9
-3.8
3.1
-9.6
7.1
3.9
0.0
2.1
-2.0
13.9
11.4
3.3
6.9
-7.2
8.0
7.7
1.4
5.1
-8.6
3.1
6.2
7.3
3.7
2.7
6.3
7.2
3.3
4.7
-5.3
-4.5
-1.4
5.8
-1.4
12.3
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
5.0
-0.7
2.1
-0.4
4.8
7.5
-3.4
-3..2
-10.2
10.8
5.8
-1.6
0.4
-3.4
6.6
10.8
0.7
0.5
-8.6
11.7
5.5
1.5
-1.5
-8.2
6.6
3.1
4.3
3.8
1.7
0.8
4.7
2.4
0.0
-5.3
4.8
-2.3
2.8
5.4
10.9
-5.5
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
0.7
2.7
4.3
7.2
4.8
-1.0
-1.1
6.9
5.7
4.2
0.1
1.5
5.1
6.7
4.6
0.3
0.1
8.6
8.3
7.1
-0.3
-2.5
4.1
1.0
2.2
1.3
1.2
1.6
2.4
2.9
0.2
-1.4
3.3
1.5
2.4
1.7
3.8
-2.4
1.4
0.6
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
3.1
1.1
0.0
3.5
1.7
4.8
1.3
-7.0
0.0
-0.5
3.7
1.2
-2.3
2.4
1.0
9.2
7.7
-0.2
5.5
3.4
5.9
6.5
-0.2
1.9
1.6
4.2
6.3
7.3
5.4
3.9
5.3
6.5
2.1
3.0
2.3
-1.6
-0.2
7.5
3.5
2.3
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
-0.2
6.1
5.0
5.4
-2.4
-8.7
0.6
8.1
8.4
-7.9
-2.7
4.5
6.0
6.3
-3.9
-5.8
2.2
9.6
11.2
-4.2
-5.6
-3.7
4.3
5.5
-1.9
3.2
1.6
1.4
2.6
4.1
-3.2
-2.2
3.4
4.6
-0.3
9.3
5.5
-2.8
-2.8
6.1
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
2.9
4.5
2.5
0.9
0.7
-10.3
7.4
4.1
1.5
-2.0
-0.9
5.3
2.9
1.1
-0.1
-7.1
9.6
6.9
5.3
2.7
-9.7
4.9
4.3
4.4
2.1
3.5
2.0
2.7
3.8
4.8
-6.2
4.1
3.8
4.2
2.8
14.6
-2.8
-1.6
-0.6
2.7
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
0.2
3.1
2.1
4.3
3.5
-8.8
-0.9
-7.8
5.7
9.6
-2.2
2.1
-0.5
4.7
5.2
-4.4
2.5
-6.4
5.2
10.5
-4.5
-0.6
-8.3
0.9
6.7
4.9
3.4
1.5
-0.5
0.8
-2.2
0.4
-5.9
0.5
5.0
9.9
4.1
10.7
-1.3
-5.5
See footnotes following table 6.
October 3, 1985
SOURCE: Bureau of labor Statistics
-12-
Footnotes,
Tables
1-6
SOURCE:
Output
data
from Bureau
of Economic
Analysis
(BEA),
U.S.
Department
of Commerce,
and the Federal
Reserve
Board.
Compensation
and hours
data
from the Bureau
of Labor
Statistics,
U.S.
Department
of Labor,
and BEA.
Capital
measures
are based
on data
supplied
by BEA and U.S. Department
of Agriculture.
(1)
The private
business
sector
includes
all of Gross National
Product
except
the
rest-of-world
sector,
the
rental
value
of
owneroccupied
real
estate,
the output
arising
in nonprofit
organiza:
tions,
the output
of paid employees
of private
households,
government,
and the
statistical
discrepancy
in preparing
the national
income
accounts.
The
private
nonfarm
business
$ector
also
excludes
farms,
but includes
agricultural
services.
"(2)
Output
per
(3)
Gross
dollars.
Domestic
(4)
Paid
hours
of all
employees,
unpaid
family
workers
engaged
(5)
A measure
(6)
Hours
capital
of
unit
'of
of combined
Product
the
flow
labor
and
originating
of
capital
capital
inputs.
in
sector,
the
plus
the hours
in the sector.
services
all persons
combined
with
shares
of output
as weights.
capital
used
in
constant
of
proprietors
in
the
input,
and
sector.
using
labor
and
from the
Bu reau of
Labor Statistics
Productivity
Reports
I
I
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~
•
••
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Bulletin 2224
Updates through 1983
indexes of output per
employee hour for the
Industries currently
Included in the US
Government's flrogram
of producfivity
measurement. Dpta are
presented for 133
industries.
o
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Trends
in Manufacturing:
A Chartbook
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Price $7.50
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Productivity
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1954-83
Charts. tables. and
GPO Stock No.
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MonldKturing:
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