United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
Bureau of Labor Statistics
USDL 86-402
For Release: 10:00 AM EDT
Thursday, October
2,1986
Historical, technical contact:
Kent Kunze
(202) 523-9261
Media contact: (202) 523-1913
MULTIFACTOR
PRODUCTIVITY
Private Business,
~~
~
MEASURES,
1985
Private Nonfarm Business,
Manufacturing
and
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
today reported multifactor productivity measures--output
per unit of
combined labor and capital--for 1985. The annual rates of multifactor
productivity change in 1985 were:
plus 0.3 percent in private business,
minus
0.2 percent
in private
nonfarm
plus 3.6 percent in manufacturing.
The 1985 annual changes are sumarized
appear in tables 1 through 6.
business,
and
in tahle A and detailed measures
Change
in multifactor
productivity
measures
the difference
between the growth in output (goods and services produced) and the
growth in labor and capita 1 engaged in produc ing that output.
It
reflects the change in output due to factors other than the change in
capital
and labor inputs.
Such factors include new technology,
economies of scale, changes in the composition of labor (education and
training), capacity utilization rates, and organization of production.
Private business
Multifactor
productivity
increased
0.3 percent
in 1985
private husiness compared with a 3.1 percent rise in 1984 (table
The 1985 increase reflected a 3.3 percent increase in output and a
percent increase in the comb ined inputs of hours of all persons
capital
services.
Separately,
hours increased
2.2 percent,
capital services increased 4.2 percent.
in
4).
2.9
and
and
Labor productivity (output per hour of all persons)increased
percent in 1985, compared with a 2.3 percent increase in 1984.
1.1
-2-
Table A. Prorluctivity indexes and relaterl measures
Percent change from 1984 to 1985
Item
Private
businessl
Private
nonfarm
businessl
Manufacturingl
Productivity
· · ··
······
········
1.1
-0.9
0.3
0.5
-1.3
-0.2
4.4
1.8
3.6
3.3
3.0
3.8
····· ·
· · · · · · · ·· · ··
··········
2.2
4.2
2.6
4.4
-0.5
2.0
2.9
3.2
0.2
2.0
1.8
2.6
Output per hour of all persons
Output per unit of capital services
~1ultifactor prod uctivity2
Output
. ··
Inputs
Hours of all per sons
Capital services
Combined units 0f labor and
capital input s3
Capital services pe r hour of
all persons (cap ital-labor ratio).
1 Excludes government
··
enterprises.
2 Output per unit of combined
labor and capital
3 Hours af all persons combined with capital
hy lahor and capital shares.
input.
service input index, weighted
-3Capital productivity (output per unit of capital services) fell
0.9 percent in 1985 compared with a 4.n percent increase in 1984. The
ratio of capital services to hours (capital-labor ratio) increased 2.0
percent in private business in 1985 after falling 2.2 percent in the
previous year.
Private nonfarm business
Multifactor
productivity
fell 0.2 percent in 1985 in private
non farM bus iness compared wi th a 2.7 percent increa se in 1984 (tab Ie
5) •
Thi s was the fir st decrease since 1982.
The 1985 decrease
resulted from a 3.0 percent increase in output along with a 3.2
percent increase in the combined inputs of capital services and hours
of all persons.
Capital services increased 4.4 percent in 1985, which
was the largest increase since 1980.
Hours increased 2.6 percent in
private nonfarm business in 1985.
The increase in labor product ivity wa sO. 5 percent in private
nonfarm business in 1985 as opposed to an increase of 1.8 percent in
1984.
Capital productivity decreased 1.3 percent in 1985 compared with
a 4.2 percent increase in 1984.
On the other hand, the capital-lahor
ratio increased
1.8 percent, following a decline in the previous
year.
Manufacturing
Multifactor
productivity
growth
in manufacturing--which
is
approximately 25 percent of private husiness output--showed a strong
increase of 3.6 percent in 1985.
Thi s increase resulted from a 3.8
percent increase in output and only a 0.2 percent increase in the
eomhined
inputs of hours and capital services.
The increase in
comhined inputs resulted from a decrease in hours of 0.5 percent and
an increase in capital services of 2.0 percent in 1985.
This was the
first decrease in hours since 1982 when they fell 8.1 percent (tahle
6) •
Labor
productivity
increased
4.4
percent
in manufacturing
compared with a 4.1 percent increase in 1984. For manufacturing, this
was the fifth consecutive annual increase over 2 percent.
-4Capital
product.ivity
increased
in manufacturing
1.8 percent
in
increase
in 1QS4.
The capital-lahor
opposed
to a 4.2 percent
decrea se in
increase
since
1982 when it
gained
11.4
L4A5
co~pared
with an 8.6 percent
re) t io
i ncrea sed 2.6 percent
as
lq84.
percent.
Long-term
This
was
the
first
trends
Over the entire
period
1948-85,
multi factor
productivity
an annual
rate
of
1.4 percent
in private
husiness
(tahle
privatp
nonfarm
business,
the
average
annual
growth
multifactor
productivity
was 1.1 percent
over the same period
~anufacturing,
it was 1.R percent.
grew
R).
rate
and,
at
For
of
for
From 1948 to 1973, multifactor
productivity
grew at an average
ra te
of
2.0
percent
in
pr i vate
bus iness,
1.7
percent
in
private
non farm bus iness,
and 2.0
percent
in manufacturing.
For the
same
per iod,
output
per
hour
grew at
an annual
rate
of
2.9
percent
for
private
husiness,
2.5 percent
for
private
nonfarm
business,
ann 2.8
percent
for manufacturing.
The difference
hetween
each set of growth
ra tes
is
equal
to a proport ion of the
change
in the
capita l-lahor
ratio
(capital
services
per hour)
and is referred
to in this
release
as the
contr ib ut ion of capita 1 intens it y.
Thi s component
accounted
for approximately
one-third
of the growth
in lahor
productivity
in all
threp
sectors
from 1948 to 1973.
The magnitude
of the post-1973
slowdown in productivity
growth
is
shown in tab Ie
B.
Multi factor
product i vi ty
growth
in pri vate
husiness
declined
almost
2 percentage
points
from the pre-1973
rate
to
0.2 percent
per year,
and in private
nonfarm
husiness
it
was zero.
Tbe contribution
of capital
intensity
accounted
for most of the growth
in output
per
hour
for
these
two sectors
during
the
latter
period.
Only
in
manufacturing
did
multifactor
productivity
growth
remain
strong
between
1973 and
1985,
with
an annual
growth
rate
of
1.3
percent.
-5-
TahIe B. Compounoannual ri'ltes of growth in output per hour of all
the contrihution
of capital
intensity,
ann JTlultifactor productivity,
sector,
1948 to 1985.
1948
1985
r1pasure
Private
1948
1973
-
1973
1985
-
1984
1985
-
.
1
nus Iness
Output per hour of all
~rsons
Contrihut Ion of capital
..
2
mten~:aty
r1ult if.=tctor:- proouct i vi t y3
Private
-
persons,
ny major
2.3
2.9
0.9
1.1
0.9
0.9
0.7
0.8
1.4
2.0
0.2
0.3
1.9
2.5
0.7
0.5
0.8
0.8
0.7
0.7
1.1
1.7
0.0
-0.2
2.6
2.8
2.2
4.4
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.8
2.0
1.3
3.6
non fann husinessl
Out put per hour of all
persons
Contrihut ion of capital
intensity2
~lult i facto r productivity3
r1anufacturi n91
Output per hour of all
~rsons
Contr i\} ut ion of capital
intensity2
r1ult ifact or product i vi t y3
..
1
Excludes government enterprises.
2
Change in capital
services
current oollar output.
3
Output per unit
Source:
Tahles
1-3
~r
hour times capital's
of corrhinerl lahor and capital
inputs.
share of
_-
-6-
Su~~ary of Methods
The following note hriefly descrihes the major data sources and
the procedures used in deriving RLS ~ultifactor productivity indexes.
More detailed
information
on the methods,
limitations,
and data
sources are in RLS Rulletin 2178, "Trends in Multifactor Productivity
1948-81."
The multifactor productivity indexes are derived hy dividing an
output index hy an input index which is a weighted average of the
hours of all persons and capital services.
The output indexes are
computed
from measures of constant dollar gross domestic product,
derived from the national income and product accounts developed hy the
Rureau of Economic Analysis of the u.s.
Department of Co~merce.
The capita 1 input ser ies measures the serv ices der ived fro~ the
stoc k of phys ica1 asset s. The asset s incl uded are fixed h us iness
equipment,
structures,
inventories,
and land.
Structures
include
nonresidential structures and residential capital which is rented out
hy profitJTlaking firms or persons.
Financial assets are excluded as
are owner-occupied
residential
structures.
The aggregate
capital
measures axe ohtained hy weighting each asset type lJy its respective
rental price.
The lahor and capital
components
of the input indexes
are
comhined with weights which represent each component's share of total
output.
The index uses changing weights where the share in each year
IS
averaged with the preceding year's value.
Data are presented
for the private lJusiness, private nonfar~
h us iness, and ~anufact ur ing sectors.
The pr iva te h us iness sector,
which accounts for ahout 80 percent of the gross national product,
includes all activities in the econo~y with the exception of general
government,
government
enterprises,
the rest-of-the-world
sector,
owner-occupied housing, nonprofit institutions, and private household
e~ployees
and the statistical
discrepancy.
The private
nonfarm
husiness
sector
also
excludes
farms
hut
includes
agricultural
serVIces.
These multifactor productivity measures descrihe the relationship
h atw~~en output in rea 1 terms and the pa id lahor time and capi tal
services involved in its production.
They do not JTleasurethe specific
contrihutions of labor, capital, or any other factor of production.
Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including
changes
in technology:
level of output: utilization
of capacity,
energy, and JTlaterials: the organization
of production: ~anagerial
skill: and the characteristics and effort of the work force.
Table 1.
Private Business Sector: Productivity
and Related Measures, 1948-85 (lJ
Inputs
Productivity
Year
Output per
hour of all
persons
Output per
lD'lit of
capital
Multifactor
Iroductivity
(2]
Output
(3]
Hours of
all persons
Capital
(4]
(5]
Catbined units
of liiJor and
capital inputs [6]
Capital per
rour of
all persons
Indexes 1977=100
1948
1949
46.5
47.1
98.8
94.4
60.8
60.3
38.1
37.2
81.8
79.0
38.5
39.4
62.6
61.7
47.1
49.8
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
51.1
53.2
54.9
56.9
57.9
100.1
102.4
102.5
104.5
100.7
64.9
67.1
68.5
70.6
70.5
40.8
43.7
45.1
47.2
46.4
79.9
82.2
82.1
82.9
80.1
40.8
42.7
44.0
45.2
46.0
62.9
65.1
65.8
66.9
65.8
51.0
52.0
53.6
54.5
57.5
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
59.7
60.5
' 62.1
64.0
66.2
104.3
103.5
101.7
98.1
103.1
72.8
73.2
74.1
74.6
77.6
49.6
51.1
51.6
50.6
54.3
83.1
84.4
83.1
79.1
82.1
47.6
49.3
50.7
51.6
52.7
68.1
69.7
69.7
67.9
70.1
57.2
58.5
61.1
65.3
64.2
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
67.3
69.7
72.3
75.2
78.4
102.4
102.2
104.8
106.5
109.3
78.2
80.0
82.5
85.1
88.3
55.3
56.3
59.3
62.0
65.8
82.2
80.8
82.1
82.5
83.8
54.0
55.1
56.6
58.3
60.2
70.7
70.5
71.9
72.9
74.5
65.7
68.2
69.0
70.6
71.8
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
80.8
82.9
85.2
87.6
87.7
111.3
111.3
108.8
109.0
107.1
90.6
92.1
92.9
94.6
94.1
69.9
73.5
75.4
78.8
81.0
86.5
88.6
88.5
90.0
92.4
62.8
66.0
69.3
72.3
75.6
77.1
79.8
81.2
83.3
86.1
72.6
74.5
78.3
80.4
81.8
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
88.4
91.3
94.0
95.9
93.8
102.0
101.2
103.8
105.3
98.8
92.9
94.7
97.4
99.1
95.6
80.2
82.4
87.7
93.0
91.2
90.8
90.3
93.2
96.9
97.2
78.7
81.5
84.4
88.3
92.4
86.3
87.1
90.0
93.8
95.5
86.7
90.2
90.6
91.1
95.0
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
95.7
98.4
100.0
100.8
99.5
93.8
97.2
100.0
102.0
99.fl
95.0
98.0
100.0
101.2
99.7
89.3
94.5
100.0
105.8
107.9
93.2
96.1
100.0
105.0
108.4
95.1
97.2
100.0
103.8
108.0
93.9
96.5
100.0
104.5
10fl.2
102.0
101.2
100.0
98.8
99.7
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
99.2
100.6
100.3
103.0
105.4
94.2
92.4
86.6
88.3
92.4
97.4
97.7
95.2
97.6
100.6
106.6
10fl.9
105.4
109.9
118.9
107.5
10fl.2
105.2
106.7
112.8
113.1
117.8
121.7
124.4
128.7
109.4
111.5
110.7
112.6
118.1
105.3
108.8
115.7
116.7
114.1
1985
106.5
91.5
101.0
122.8
115.3
134.1
121.6
116.3
See Footnotes Following Table 6.
O:::tcber 2, 1986
SOURCE:
Bureau of Lahor Statistics
Table 2.
Private Nonfarm Business Sector:
Productivity am
Productivity
Year
Outplt per
hour of all
persons
Output per
lD1it of
capital
Related Measures, 1948-85
[lJ
Inputs
Mu1tifactor
productivity
(2)
Output
(3)
Hours of
all persons
[4J
Capital
[5]
COIbined mits
Capital per
of labor am
hour of
capital inputs [6] all persons
Indexes 1977=100
1948
1949
52.6
53.6
99.4
95.2
65.8
65.6
36.9
36.1
70.2
67.3
37.2
37.9
56.1
55.0
53.0
56.3
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
57.1
58.9
60.3
61.6
62.5
101. 3
104.2
104.4
106.3
102.2
69.9
72.0
73.1
74.6
74.4
39.7
42.8
44.1
46.2
45.3
69.4
72.6
73.2
75.1
72.4
39.2
41.0
42.3
43.5
44.3
56.8
59.4
60.4
62.0
60.9
56.4
56.5
57.7
57.9
61.2
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
64.4
64.8
66.1
·67.7
69.9
105.9
105~1
103.4
99.4
104.9
76.7
76.8
77 .4
77.5
80.7
48.6
50.1
50.8
49.7
53.6
75.4
77.3
76.8
73.4
76.6
45.9
47.7
49.1
50.0
51.1
63.3
65.2
65.6
64.1
66.4
60.8
61.7
63.9
68.1
66.7
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
70.7
73.0
75.4
78.1
81.2
103.7
103.5
106.2
107.9
111.0
80.9
82.6
85.1
87.5
90.6
54.4
55.5
58.6
61.3
65.2
77.0
76.1
77.7
78.5
80.3
52.5
53.6
55.2
56.8
58.8
67.3
67.2
68.9
70.1
72.0
68.2
70.5
71.0
72.4
73.2
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
83.3
85.0
86.9
89.3
88.9
113.0
113.2
110.3
nO.5
108.4
92.7
93.9
94.4
96.1
95.1
69.4
73.3
75.1
78.7
80.8
83.3
A6.3
86.4
88.1
90.9
61.4
fA.7
68.1 .
71.2
74.6
74.9
78.0
79.6
81.9
84.9
73.7
75.1
78.8
80.8
82.0
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
89.2
91.9
94.7
96.4
94.3
102.8
101.9
194•5
106.0
99.2
93.7
95.2
98.0
99.6
96.0
79.9
82.1
87.4
92.9
91.1
89.6
89.3
92.3
96.3
96.6
77.7
80.6
83.6
87.6
91.9
85.3
86.2
89.3
93.3
95.0
86.8
90.3
90.6
91.0
95.1
19)5
1976
1977
1978
1979
96.0
98.5
100.0
100.8
99.2
93.8
97.3
100.0
101.9
99.0
95.3
98.1
100.0
101. 2
99.1
88.9
94.4
100.0
106.0
107.9
92.6
95.8
100.0
105.1
108.8
94.8
97.0
100.0
104.0
109.0
93.4
96.2
100.0
104.7
108.9
102.3
101.3
100.0
98.9
100.1
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
98.7
99.6
99.1
102.4
104.3
93.4
91.1
85.1
87.3
90.9
96.9
96.7
94.1
97.0
99.6
106.6
108.4
104.8
110.0
118.9
108.0
108.8
105.7
]07.4
114.0
114.1
119.0
123.2
126.1
130.8
110.0
112.2
111.4
113.5
119.4
105.6
109.4
116.5
117.4
114.7
1985
104.8
89.7
99.4
122.5
116.9
136.6
123.3
116.8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See Footnotes Following Table 6.
Clctcher 2, 1986
SOURCE: Bureau of Lahor Statistics
Table 3.
Manufacturing
Sector: Productivity
and Related Measures,
Productivity
)ear
Output per
00ur of all
persons
Output per
\D1it of
capital
1948-85
Inputs
Mu1tifactor
productivity
(2]
Output
[3]
Hours of
all persons
(4]
Capi tal
[5]
Calbined U'Iits
Capital per'
of labor and
hour of
capital inputs [6] all persons
Indexes 1977=100
1948
1949
46.6
48.5
105.0
98.5
59.3
59.7
37.0
35.1
79.4
72.4
35.2
35.6
62.3
511.8
44.4
49.2
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
51.1
53.1
54.1
55.3
56.0
109.0
112.6
111.4
115.2
106.3
64.0
66.3
67.0
68.6
67.6
40.0
44.7
46.2
49.6
46.0
78.2
84.2
85.4
89.8
82.1
36.7
39.7
41.5
43.0
43.3
62.5
67.4
69.1
72.3
68.0
46.9
47.2
48.6
48.0
52.7
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
58.7
58.3
59.6
59.3
61.9
113.2
108.5
105.5
95.3
104.7
71.2
69.9
70.4
68.0
72.1
50.8
51.3
51.5
47.0
52.4
86.6
87.9
86.5
79.4
84.6
44.9
47.2
48.9
49.3
50.1
71.4
73.3
73.3
69.2
72.6
51.8
53.8
56.5
62.2
59.1
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
62.2
64.0
66.7
71.2
74.6
102.5
101.2
106.6
111.8
116.0
71.9
73.0
76.4
81.1
84.7
52.5
52.6
57.1
61.6
66.0
84.4
82.3
85.6
86.5
88.4
51.2
52.0
53.6
55.1
56.9
73.0
72.0
74.8
75.9
77.9
60.7
63.2
62.6
63.7
64.3
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
76.6
77.4
77.4
79.8
80.8
119.8
119.8
110.6
110.3
108.3
87.1
87.7
85 .•5
·87.3
87.5
71.7
77.2
77.0
80.9
83.2
93.6
99.7
99.5
101. 4
103.0
59.9
64.5
69.6
73.4
76.8
82.3
88.0
90.1
92.7
95.1
64.0
64.6
70.0
72.4
74.6
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
80.8
85.3
89.0
93.4
90.6
98.6
97.9
104.2
111.4
101.2
85.2
88.4
92.8
97.9
93.3
78.6
79.9
87.0
96.3
91.7
97.3
93.7
97.8
103.1
101.2
79.7
81.6
83.5
86.4
90.6
92.2
90.4
93.8
98.4
98.3
82.0
87.1
85.4
83.R
89.5
1975
1976
1977
1978.
1979
92.9
97.1
100.0
101.5
101.4
90.1
96.2
100.0
102.1
99.7
92.0
96.8
100.0
101.7
101.0
84.9
93.1
100.0
106.0
108.1
91.4
95.9
100.0
104.4
106.5
94.2
96.7
100.0
103.7
108.4
92.2
96.1
100.0
104.2
107.0
103.1
100.9
100.0
99.4
101. 7
1980
1981
1982
1983
]984
101.4
103.6
105.9
112.0
116.6
91.2
89.2
81.8
86.9
94.4
98.7
99.8
99.2
105.1
110.7
103.2
104.8
98.4
104.7
116.0
101. 7
101.1
92.9
93.5
99.5
113.1
117.5
120.3
120.6
122.9
104.5
105.0
99.2
99.7
104.8
111.2
116.2
129.4
129.0
123.fi
1985
121.7
96.0
114.7
120.4
98.9
125.4
105.0
126.7
See Footnotes
·'0.
Following Table 6.
Octcber 2, 1986
SOURCE: Bureau of Lahor Statistics
Table 4.
Private Business Sector: Productivity
and Related Measures
Productivity
~r
Output per
hour of all
persons
Output per
unit of
capital
1949-85
(1)
Inputs
Multifactor
productivity
(2)
Output
(3)
Hours of
all persons
(4)
Capital
(5)
Calt>ined lIlits
Capital per
of lcbor and
hour of
capital inputs [6] all persons
Percent Change
1949
1.1
-4.4
-0.9
-2.4
-3.5
2.1
-1.5
5.8
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
8.6
4.1
3.2
3.7
1.7
6.0
2.3
0.1
2.0
-3.6
7.6
3.4
2.1
3.1
-0.2
9.8
7.1
3.2
4.7
-1.8
1.1
2.9
0.0
1.0
-3.4
3.6
4.7
3.1
2.7
1.9
2.0
3.6
1.1
1.6
-1.7
2.4
1.8
3.1
1.7
5.5
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
3.1
1.4
2.7
3.0
3.4
3.5
-0.8
-1.7
-3.6
5.2
3.2
0.6
1.1
0.7
4.0
7.0
2.9
1.1
-1.9
7.3
3.8
1.5
-1.6
-4.8
3.9
3.3
3.7
2.8
1.7
2.1
3.6
2.3
0.0
-2.6
3.2
-0.4
2.2
4.5
6.9
-1.7
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1.7
3.6
3.6
4.0
4.3
-0.8
-0.1
2.5
1.6
2.6
0.8
2.3
3.2
3.7
1.7
1.9
5.3
4.6
6.0
0.1
-1.7
1.6
0.5
1.6
2.5
2.0
2.7
2.9
3.3
0.9
-0.4
2.0
1.4
2.2
2.5
3.7
1.1
2.4
1.7
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.8
0.1
1.9
0.0
-2.3
0.1
-1.7
2.6
1.7
0.9
1.8
-0.6
6.3
5.2
2.7
4.5
2.7
3.2
2.4
-0.1
1.6
2.6
4.3
5.2
5.0
4.3
4.5
3.6
3.4
1.8
2.6
3.3
1.1
2.7
5.1
2.7
1.8
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
0.8
3.3
3.0
2.0
-2.1
-4.8
-0.8
2.6
1.4
-6.2
-1.2
1.8
2.9
1.8
-3.6
-0.9
2.7
6.4
6.0
-1.9
-1.7
-0.5
3.3
4.0
0.3
4.1
3.5
3.6
4.6
4.6
0.2
0.9
3.4
4.2
1.8
5.9
4.1
0.4
0.6
4.4
1975
1976
1977
1978
'979
2.0
2.8
1.6
0.8
-1.2
-5.0
3.6
2.9
2.0
-2.1
-0.5
3.1
2.1
1.2
-1.5
-2.2
5.9
5.8
5.8
2.0
-4.1
3.0
4.1
5.0
3.2
3.0
2.2
2.9
3.8
4.1
-1.6
2.7
3.7
4.5
3.6
7.4
-0.8
-1.2
-1.2
0.9
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
-0.4
1.4
-0.3
2.7
2.3
-5.7
-1.9
-6.3
1.9
4.6
-2.2
0.3
-2.5
2.5
3.1
-1.2
2.2
-3.1
4.2
8.2
-0.8
0.7
-2.8
1.4
5.8
4.7
4.1
3.3
2.2
3.4
1.1
1.9
-0.7
1.7
4.9
5.6
3.4
6.3
0.8
-2.2
1985
1.1
-0.9
0.3
3.3
2.2
4.2
2.9
2.0
See Footnotes Following Tahle 6.
3.2
O::tcher 2, 1986
SCURCE: Bureau of Lahor Statistics
Table 5.
Private NonfarmBusiness Sector:
Productivity
and Related Measures, 1949-85 [1]
Inputs
Productivity
~r
~put
per
hour of all
persons
~put
per
unit of
capital
Hultifactor
productivity
[2]
<Xrtput
[3]
Hours of
all persons
[4] .
Capital
[5]
Ccrt>ined lIlits
of l.ctlor and
capital inputs [6]
Capital per
hour of
all persons
Percent Change
1949
1.8
-4.2
-0.4
-2.3
-4.1
1.9
-2.0
6.2
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
6.6
3.1
2.3
2.2
1.6
6.3
2.9
0.1
1.9
-3.9
6.5
3.0
1.5
2.1
-0.3
9.9
7.8
3.2
4.7
-2.0
3.1
4.6
0.9
2.5
-3.5
3.4
4.8
3.1
2.8
1.9
3.2
4.7
1.7
2.6
-1.7
0.2
0.2
2.2
0.3
5.6
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
3.0
0.6
1.9
2.5
3.3
3.6
-0.8
-1.6
-3.8
5.5
3.2
0.1
0.7
0.2
4.0
7.2
3.1
1.3
-2.1
7.8
4.1
2.5
-0.6
-4.5
4.4
3.5
3.9
3.0
1.8
2.2
3.9
3.0
0.6
-2.3
3.6
-0.6
1.4
3.6
6.6
-2.1
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1.1
3.2
3.3
3.7
. 3.9
-1.1
-0.2
2.5
1.6
2.8
0.3
2.0
3.0
2.9
3.5
1.6
2.0
5.5
4.7
6.3
0.5
-1.2
2.1
1.1
2.3
2.7
2.2
2.9
3.1
3.4
1.3
0.0
2.4
1.8
2.7
2.2
3.4
0.7
2.0
1.1
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
2.5
2.0
2.3
2.7
-0.5
1.8
0.2
-2.6
0.2
-1.9
2.3
1.3
0.5
1.8
-1.0
6.4
5.6
2.5
4.7
2.7
3.7
3.5
0.2
1.9
3.2
4.5
5.4
5.2
4.5
4.7
4.0
4.2
2.0
2.9
3.7
0.7
1.8
5.0
2.5
1.5
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
0.4
3.0
3.0
1.8
-2.2
-5.1
-0.9
2.6
1.4
-6.4
-1.6
1.7
2.9
1.7
-3.6
-1.1
2.7
6.5
6.2
-1.9
-1.5
-0.3
3.4
4.3
0.3
4.3
3.7
3.8
4.8
4.9
0.5
1.0
3.5
4.5
1.8
5.H
4.0
0.4
0.4
4.5
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1.8
2.6
1.5
0.8
-1.6
-5.4
3.7
2.8
1.9
-2.8
-0.7
3.0
2.0
1.2
-2.0
-2.4
6.1
5.9
6.0
1.8
-4.1
3.5
4.4
5.1
3.5
3.1
2.4
3.1
4.0
4.8
-1.7
3.1
3.9
4.7
3.9
7.(,
-1.1
-1.2
-1.1
1.3
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
-0.5
1.0
-0.5
3.3
1.8
-5.7
-2.5
-6.6
2.5
4.2
-2.3
-0.2
-2.7
3.1
2.7
-1.2
1.7
-3.3
5.0
8.0
-0.8
0.8
-2.H
1.6
6.1
4.7
4.3
3.5
2.4
3.7
1.0
2.0
-0.7
1.9
5.2
5.5
3.5
6.5
0.8
-2.3
1985
0.5
-1.3
-0.2
3.0
2.6
4.4
3.2
1.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------See Footnotes Following TetJle 6.
Octcher 2, 1986
SCURCE:
Bureau of Labor Statistics
ntl1e 6.
Manufacturing
Sector: ProoucUvity
and Related Measures,
.Inputs
Productivity
~r
Output per
00ur of all
persons
Output per
l.Ilitof
capital
1949-85
pt)ltifactor
{roductivity
[2]
Output
[3]
Hours of
all persons
[4]
Capital
(5]
CO'Ibinsi l.Ilits
of labor and
capital inputs [6]
Capi tal per
rour of
all persons
Percent Change
1949
4.1
-6.2
0.6
-5.1
-8.9
1.1
-5.7
10.9
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
5.4
3.9
1.9
2.1
1.4
10.6
3.4
-1.1
3.5
-7.8
7.2
3.7
0.9
2.5
-1.5
13.9
11.9
3.4
7.3
-7.3
8.0
7.7
1.4
5.1
-8.6
3.0
8.3
4.6
3.7·
0.5
6.3
7.9
2.5
4.7
-5.9
-4.6
0.5
3.1
-1.4
9.9
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
4.7
-0.6
2.1
-0.6
4.5
6.5
-4.2
-2.8
-9.6
9.8
5.3·
-1.7
0.6
-3.3
6.1
10.5
0.9
0.6
-8.7
11.4
5.5
1.5
-1.5
-8.2
6.6
3.7
5.3
3.4
1.0
1.4
5.0
2.7
0.0
-5.6
5.0
-1.7
3.7
5.0
10.0
-4.9
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
0.5
2.8
4.2
6.8
4.8
-2.1
-1.3
5.3
4.9
3.7
-0.3
1.6
4.6
6.2
4.4
0.2
0.2
8.5
7.9
7.1
-0.3
-2.5
4.1
1.0
2.2
2.3
1.5
3.1
2.9
3.2
0.5
-1.3
3.8
1.6
2.5
2.6
4.1
-1.0
1.8
1.0
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
2.7
1.1
-0.1
3.2
1.2
3.2
0.0
-7.7
-0.3
-1.8
2.9
0.7
-2.6
2.1
0.3
8.7
7.7
-0.3
5.1
2.8
5.9
6.5
-0.2
1.9
1.6
5.3
7.6
8.0
5.4
4.7
5.7
6.9
2.4
3.0
2.5
-0.6
1.0
8.2
3.5
3.1
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
0.0
5.6
4.4
4.9
-3.0
-9.0
-0.7
6.5
6.9
-9.2
-2.6
3.8
5.0
5.5
-4.7
-5.6
1.7
8.9
10.7
-4.8
-5.6
-3.7
4.3
5.5
-1.9
3.8
2.4
2.3
3.6
4.8
-3.0
-2.0
3.7
4.9
-0.1
9.9
6.3
-2.0
-1.8
6.8
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
2.5
4.6
3.0
1.5
-0.1
-11.0
6.9
3.9
2.1
-2.4
-1.3
5.2
3.3
1.7
-0.7
-7.5
9.7
7.4
6.0
2.0
-9.7
4.9
4.3
4.4
2.1
4.0
2.7
3.4
3.7
4.4
-6.2
4.3
4.0
4.2
2.7
15.2
-2.2
-0.9
-0.6
2.3
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
0.0
2.2
2.2
5.8
4.1
-8.5
-2.2
-8.3
6.2
8.6
-2.2
1.1
,:",0.6
5.9
5.4
-4.5
1.6
-6.1
6.4
10.8
-4.5
-0.6
-8.1
0.6
6.4
4.4
3.9
2.3
0.3
1.9
-2.4
0.5
-5.6
0.5
5.1
9.3
4.5
11.4
-0.4
-4.2
1985
4.4
1.8
3.8
-0.5
2.0
0.2
2.6
See Footnotes
Following Table 6.
3.6
Octcher 2, 1986
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics
Footnotes:
Tables 1-6
SOURCE:
Output data from Rurea u of Economic Analys is (BEA),
U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Federal Reserve Board.
Hours
data
from
the
Bureau
of Labor
Statistics,
U.S.
Department of Labor.
Capi tal measures are based on data
supplied by BEA and U.S. Department of Agriculture.
(1) The private husiness sector includes all of Gross National
Product except the rest-of-world sector, the rental value of
owner-occupied
real estate, the output arising in nonprofit
organizations,
the output
of paid employees
of private
household s, government enterpr ises, general government, and
the statistical discrepancy in preparing the national income
accounts.
The private nonfarm business sector al so excl udes
farms, but includes agricultural services.
(2) Output per unit of combined
(3) Gross Domestic
dollars.
labor and capital
Product originating
inputs.
in the sector,
in constant
(4) Pa id hours of all employees, pIus the hours of propr ietor s
and unpaid family workers engaged in the sector.
(5) A measure
of the flow of capital
services used in the sector.
(6) Hours of all persons comb ined wi th capi tal services
using labor and capital shares of output as weights.
input,