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2.2 Integers
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// Program : fahrenheit.C
// Convert temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
# include < iostream >
·¸
º
¹
»
³¼
>³ ³
³´
³µ
³¶
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int main ()
{
// Input
std :: cout < < " Temperature in degrees Celsius =? ";
int celsius ;
std :: cin > > celsius ;
// Computation and output
std :: cout < < celsius < < " degrees Celsius are "
< < 9 * celsius / 5 + 32 < < " degrees Fahrenheit .\ n";
return 0;
³
³¹
}
Program 4:
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15 degrees Celsius are 59 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Literals of type int.
9
2.2.1 Associativity and precedence of operators
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32
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2.2.2 Expression trees
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2.2.4 Arithmetic operators on the type int
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The division operator.
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Description
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Table 1: Operator
++
-++
-+
*
/
%
+
=
*=
/=
%=
+=
-=
Arity
Prec.
Á
Á
Á
Á
Á Á
Á
Á
Á
!
Á Á
Á
Á
Á
!
Á
!
Á !
Á !
!
!
!
!
!
!
Assoc.
£¡"®
£¡"®
^X !
^X !
^X !
^X !
£¡"®
£¡"®
£¡"®
£¡"®
£¡"®
^X !
^X !
^X !
^X !
^X !
^X !
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fahrenheit.C
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15
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15 degrees Celsius are 47 degrees Fahrenheit.
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int
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X"/15£y/X8 :'"J£MqX J£K! ¬M1"
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¬ 5^W<28J-[K(3[KCMS5 )
¤ _n5^ 1 n5¨"ª¢/"/"¢¬!g]!¢M¥§} /nq /"n5¨"J£ ^ £¡
The modulus operator.
%
a = (a
¢/¡©
b)b + a
]!¢
b
J £ /X£¢/ª¡n ®¯ S/JA £J¤X® J/¢
5^©J5¯5¬ £1ªX®+!M
¤! /x©J£¡ X® ¬M"¡
a
b
int
b
/X8D'"1^)¤/^ S ^"^ ^X
(a / b ) * b + a % b
J /}J] ©JJ£/xJ ~§x /x]¢//£/fM15~~¨"X/^¢/1^"¢AJ9 £ ¡ £¨>q¡©~M1q
J/¢] J¥ /^J]/"¨1a"¢/"/¨" Á&%ª5 ¢ÀJ^¨"5¡©¡ @£"®N%J¥ /^ S °};b/£¡^¡ £¨>5^¡©
M15 J/¢
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a
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A /¥¨>J^@2
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a
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¤ /x^X /¢//]¢/}®¯ ¢/¡©¡^X
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b
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9 / 5 * celsius + 32 −→
−→
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1 * 15 + 32
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47
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E
$
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MS5>¤5J/¢^ ¡ K15
Unary additive operators.
¢/"E°G 5EX/%SM"¨1 / ©5£/ X®) /%¨"XAMX^¡^ªS/"^^¡X z|>TI0;f^ %/"q¡© X®) /
©JJ£/%X®|PTI0P§x /1}~ / 5^ M15>¤X®¯¨"XA £1^"/"^"¤X5-£¡ /X/X 9 ®¯/ ¨SX J£¡ +
x/X @ S)¡/ /©JJ£/X®f /
¨1XAMX^¡z/"^X z|PTI0n} /J]Jx^ ©5£/X®
+
z|PTI0P
J¨ vX® /"/
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Increment and decrement operators.
++
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1G¡g/"¨"1¢ 1 ¨1J/¢WJ^¨"¯q¡© s
§x //: ¡ ¨S"]"'
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++
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J/¢ /gMXrI: ¢/"¨1^"]"!
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++
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J/¢¿z|PTI0
¡_¡ ¨S>J^ Y "rM"¨1 ©"£¡
++
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1
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# include < iostream >
int main () {
int a = 7;
std :: cout < < ++ a < < "\n " ; // outputs 8
std :: cout < < a ++ < < "\n " ; // outputs 8
std :: cout < < a
< < "\n " ; // outputs 9
return 0;
}
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Prefer pre-increment over post-increment.
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S/"^^¡Xi++;
w/N/^"¢I X
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§x /]J^X/]"!M15
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Assignment operators.
=
! Á¡Á >¥
. )N /195^bK"¨"¡« ¨M15 5N¨"X¬ / /b5¡ /]1^¨K15^N°G¡ DJ
J^X/]"!>§} /"^D5W /W¬ 5^ MS5
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z|PTI0Xi
z|PTI0 J / K"¨SX®J¢/¢//b /©+=
J£¡ -=
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z|PTI0Xi :+=
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z|PTI0 og 8,] /¡©JJ£"'. ++|PTI0Xi
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a=b*c-d
a=(b*c-d)
2.2.5 Value range
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b
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int
nJ'_¢/ KS"!N©JJ£/"" /¨"9J'W¬\ N¨>JD/¢ SM"/¢/"!£ _ "©9°}n5^""¤K /nq)¡b/
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int
limits
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gQA
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E
$
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³
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// Program : limits .C
// Output the smallest and the largest value of type int .
# include < iostream >
# include < limits >
¸·
º
¹
»
³¼
>³ ³
³´
³µ
³¶
int main ()
{
std :: cout < <
<<
<<
<<
return 0;
}
" Minimum int value is "
std :: numeric_limits < int >:: min () < < " .\ n"
" Maximum int value is "
std :: numeric_limits < int >:: max () < < " .\ n";
Program 5:
)Z 1nXA^ b //XJ
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limits.C
TI0"81Cs½ (B<@,:CqQ¾
Xn !X@¬ ¡ª^"W¤'XA°G££)]X£ "£¡X1ª /
Minimum int value is -2147483648.
Maximum int value is 2147483647.
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¤JX¨"J¢ 1¢ /¨"ª 5y^ ª/¬M1yX®¬\ y/^1¢^G1/""!
31
J
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int
32
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std::numeric_limits<int>::min()
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int
S ^"^^X/N¨"X/^^ ¨S"¢w®^X /"^M1q¨>JD//¢ SI xNq©S q° /;©JJ£/J/XX®
/M
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2.2.6 The type unsigned int
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unsigned int
j^C@ZOoSUWQA O[ADU
^T
<lHIUWZXCDHvM<jZX? A CFO ORUFHIC[U[Og_`E$UWQ
0
S
= {0, 1, 2, . . .}
x
int
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b
©JJ£/J/XX®
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unsigned int
{0, 1, . . . , 2b − 1}
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unsigned int
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limits.C
Minimum value of an unsigned int object is 0.
Maximum value of an unsigned int object is 4294967295.
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unsigned int
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2.2.7 Mixed expressions and conversions
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E- X®}M
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unsigned int
S)JA £
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D§} S"®¯¤~ /
unsigned int
S ^"^^X
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J/¢_X1x1©JJ£ 5"¢1_¬!r1vJ
17+17u
int
unsigned int
17+17 u −→ 17 u +17 u −→ 34 u
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unsigned int
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unsigned int
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unsigned int
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int a = 3 u ;
int b = 4294967295 u;
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2.2.8 Binary representation
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b
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int
¨"P©1x /©JJ£/"
−2b−1 , . . . , 2b−1 − 1,
° /£¡
¨"P©1
unsigned int
0, . . . , 2b − 1.
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Conversion decimal → binary.
n =
∞
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bi 2 i = b 0 +
i=0
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