Matakuliah : L0074/Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi 2
Tahun
: 2008
Performance Intervention 1
Pertemuan 12
PERFORMANCE RESULT
Low
MISDIRECT EFFORT
•Coaching
•Frequent performance feedback
•Goal setting
•Training or contemporary
assignment for skill development
•Restructured job assignment
Ability
High
High
SOLID PERFORMERS
•Reward good performance
•Identify development opportunities
•Provide honest, direct feedback
Motivation
DEADWOOD
•Withholding pay increases
•Demotion
•Outplacement
•Firing
•Specific, direct feedback on
performance problems
Low
UNDERUTILIZERS
•Give honest, direct feeback
•Provide counseling
•Use team building and conflict
resolution
•Link rewards to performance
outcomes
•Offer training for needed knowledge
or skills
•Manage stress- levels
PERFORMANCE
External to
Performer
Enviromental
(Intangibles)
Organization
al system
•Clear goal
•Job design
•Clear
policies
•Authority
•Appropriate
workload
•Access to
right people
Internal to
Performer
Resources
(Tangibles)
Incentives
Cognitive
Support
Tools /
Machine
•Compensation
•Feedback
•Positive
reinforcement
•Interesting
meaningful
work
•Job aids
•Documentations
•Computers
•Software
•VCRs
•Calculators
•Automobiles
Physical
Environment
•Noise
•Light
•Temperature
•Physical
Layout
Wile’s Synthesized HPT Model
Sumber : www.ispi.org – September 2002
Skills /
Knowledge
•Training
•On-the-job
training
•Self-study
Inherent /
Ability
•Intelligence
•Emotional
ability
•Physical
attributes
•Education
•Artistic gifts
•Internal
motivation
3
INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE INTERVENTIONS
• Analyze the problem or the gap
RESULT OF
PERFORMANCE
APPRAISAL
GAP
PERFORMANCE
TARGETS
IF PERFORMANCE GAP IS ABOUT …
• The person, you can choose to do :
- COACHING
- MENTORING
- COUNSELING
- TRAINING
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• Coaching is for the newcomers, good performers / mediocre.
• Counseling for poor / low performers
• Mentoring for high achievers
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COACHING
• Performance coaching is a process which enables people to find and
act on the solutions which are the most congruent and appropriate
for them personally.
• Goals  coachees can see new perspectives and achieve greater
clarity about their own thoughts, emotions, actions, and about the
people and situations around them.
COACH TERMINOLOGY
• Coach  for athlete
• Coach recruit the best, train newcomers to close whatever skills
gaps, help more experienced workers to update their skills and
increase their employability.
• Superior are the Coach
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COUNSELING
• Counseling is an ongoing process for development, and they
describe coaching as a means of addressing specific performance
problems.
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Performance problems that demand counseling
include :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
continuing poor work quality or quantity
frequently missed deadlines
disorganization
chronic tardiness or absenteeism
Frequent and lengthy disappearances from the workstation.
Lack of initiative or even a total lack of interest
Employee seemingly wishing to be somewhere other than at work
Lack of cooperation
Insubordination.
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COUNSELING ALSO FOR …
• PERSONAL PROBLEM IN EMPLOYEE LIFE, from financial problem,
family problem, to emotional problem, and drug abuse.
• RELATIONSHIPS PROBLEM like conflict with boss, peer, or
customers.
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The four step Performance Counseling Process
1.
2.
3.
4.
Verbal Counseling
A Written Warning
Demotion or Transfer
Termination
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MENTORING
• Mentoring is an activity directed to coaching your best performers
not only in their job but also in their career development
• So it means the superior / successful individual has pointed one or
more individuals who had a major influence on their professional
lives, if not both their professional and personal lives.
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TRAINING
• Training is an intervention to increase / solve the knowledge and
skills (hard skills and soft skills) problems.
• Methods for training  PIO 1
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CHOICE OF ACTIVITIES
•
•
•
•
Using case study to apply knowledge
Using simulation Exercises to Practice New Skills
Practicing Interpersonal Skills through Role Playing
Increasing Interpersonal Skills through Behavior Modeling 
Mentoring
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Providing Individual Training Through Distance
Learning (e-Learning)
• Programmed Instruction Using Books, Videos, or Interactive Video
• Computer-Based or Web-Based Programmed Instruction
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THE END
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