COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND EXTERNAL STUDIES Issue: May - Sept 2013 The CEES Examiner A Newsletter by The College of Education and External Studies MAKERERE UNIVERSITY For your diary Semester One 14 Sept 2013 –12 Jan 2014 New Principal and Deputy Principal of CEES take over office 7th Academic Board 10th Oct Students Welfare Com 17th Oct Planning and Estates 23rd Oct 5th CEES Higher Degrees 24th Oct 6th Admin Board 31st Oct Dr Fred Masagazi receives instruments of office from Prof JCS Musaazi 12th Finance Com 7th Nov 12th Management 14th Nov Dr Anthony Mugagga receives instruments of office from Dr Jessica Aguti The outgoing Acting Principal of the College of Education and External Studies Prof. J.C.S. Musaazi on 10th May 2013 handed over office to the incoming Substantive Principal Dr Fred Masagazi Masaazi, Associate Professor. Similarly the outgoing Acting Deputy Principal, Dr Jessica N Aguti, Associate Professor handed over office to the incoming substantive Deputy Principal, Dr Anthony Mugagga Muwagga. Library Com 20th Nov 6th Academic Board 21st Nov During the ceremony, the handover report was presented before an audience comprising the Internal Audit representative Mr Benson Barigye and the CEES Management team at the College boardroom. CEES Higher Degrees Com 27th Nov Students Welfare Com 5th Dec Speaking at the event, Prof J.C.S. Musaazi congratulated the new Principal and Deputy Principal and assured them of his continuing support in building the College. He noted that pioneering in the establishment of the College of Education and External Studies was an exciting opportunity and learning experience. Exams 30th Dec 2013—12th Jan 2014 “As managers and academicians, we have certainly gained a lot by being in leadership these past 27 months; and for this we must most sincerely thank the University Management that entrusted us with this pioneering responsibility. We also know that we have come this far as a College because every single one of you was willing to work and accommodate others. Thank you. There are areas where we may not have performed to your expectations but we did our best and apologize for any shortcomings. These were not intentional,” he said. Dr Jessica Aguti said that it was a great honour to serve as Acting Deputy Principal for the College as it was no mean achievement for her as a lady and at a university. She appealed to staff to maintain a collegial spirit, to do their very best at whatever rank or position they are in; and to support each other so as to gain from the potential benefits of the College system. Editor : Ms Sheila Mwebaze Tindi, Communication Officer, [email protected] Prof. J.C.S Musaazi and Dr Jessica N Aguti served office since January 2011 and under their guidance and leadership, the College has grown and achieved greater heights. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 2 The CEES Examiner Issue: May - Sept 2013 Their tenure saw the establishment of the College of Education and External Studies as a constituent College of Makerere University; staff growth and development with seven staff rising to the rank of Associate Professor and ten staff to the rank of Senior Lecturer; the development of the College strategic plan 2011/12 – 2018/19, harmonisation of staff allowances and improved support to student leaders through the formation of a College student association (MUCEESA). In his acceptance speech, Dr Fred Masagazi expressed appreciation for the work done by the outgoing Principal and Deputy Principal and noted that the handover report would guide them on the way forward. He pledged to work with the management team and staff to propel the College to the next level. “Our doors will always be open and we are ready to consult and work with the team to improve the college. As a Rotarian and former seminarian, I pledge one hundred percent to CEES. I am here to serve you and will always be available,” he said. He further promised to present a detailed and comprehensive manifesto to the management team. In his campaign manifesto, Dr Masagazi proposed to; support and improve the uniqueness of each school, strengthen research productivity and innovation, improve resource mobilisation, infrastructure renovations and development, revitalise academic programs and improve staff welfare and academic growth with the aim of improving the economic and professional status as well as accelerating the visibility of the CEES locally and globally. Dr Anthony Mugagga promised to listen to and pursue the interests of all and asked the Almighty God to grant him humility in service to run the College. He noted that there are many challenges but if everyone played their part in teaching, research and community outreach, the College’s vision would be achieved. The ceremony was completed with the handing over of the instruments of office containing the Proposal for the formation of the College, College Strategic plan and College Statute to the new Principal and Deputy Principal. Congratulations to all staff who have been promoted, confirmed and whose contracts have been renewed. Promotions To Associate Professor Dr Peter Neema Abooki - Dean EASHESD Dr HRD Muhanguzi—DSTV To Senior Lecturer Dr Mathias B Mulumba –DHLE To Lecturer Dr. Nicholas Itaaga (DFCS) Appointments Dr Betty Akullu Ezati – Dean School of Education Mr. Steven J Hurd - Honorary Visiting lecture at DFCS on a 1 year contract. Dr Vincent Womujuni - Lecturer in EASHESD Dr David Onen - Lecturer in EASHESD Mr Charles Kyansaku - Assistant Lecturer DFCS Mr Reymick Oketch Okwong - Assistant Lecturer DSTVE Contract Renewals Dr. Alice Merab Kagoda - Associate Professor DHLE - contracted renewed for 3 years Mr. Aloysius Ssenkimpi - Teaching Assistant DHLE - contract renewed for 2 years Ms Abigail Salome Inapat E-learning Administratior (CEES) - contract renewed for 2 years Mr David Munialo - Chief Lab Technician DSTVE—contract renewed for 2 years Dr. Livingstone Ddungu - Lecturer EASHESD – Contract renewed for 2 years Confirmations Mr. Michael Walimbwa - Assistant Lecturer DFCS – Confirmed into University Service Ms. Rose Costa Nakawuki – Assistant Lecturer DFCS – Confirmed into University Service Mr. Nicholas Elijah Mulabbi – Assistant Lecturer DSTVE– Probation Appointment College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 2 3 The CEES Examiner Issue: May - Sept 2013 Department of Science Technical and Vocational Education to set up a Gymnasium The Department of Science, Technical and Vocational Education will soon launch a gym and is currently in the process of equipping it. This was announced by the Chair DSTVE, Dr Henry Busulwa during the physical education and aerobics display by students of DSTVE and Sports Science on 2nd May 2013. The gym will be open to students and staff of the University. He added that the Department had also introduced a Master of Science Education in Physical Education. With their feet in the air, the students exercised to the beat of powerful music showcasing a variety of aerobic styles and skills. These included; basic aerobic skills, basics of educational gymnastics, salsa dancing, and the basics of gymnastics. These exercises can be done to improve physical fitness, health and well-being without attending sporting facilities. They can be performed as an individual or with a team. Dr Busulwa was impressed with the quality of work on display and thanked the students for choosing to do Physical Education and Sports Science courses. He added that Physical Education is a compulsory subject at secondary school and the Ministry of Education and Sports is currently developing tools to examine it. The event will be made bigger and better next year. Click here to view more photos from the day. Click here to view the videos from the day. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 3 4 The CEES Examiner Issue: May - Sept 2013 Proposed O-level Curriculum sparks concern among CEES education experts Staff of the College of Education and External Studies are concerned that National Curriculum Development Centre’s (NCDC) proposed lower secondary curriculum’s content and approach is too broad and not adequately indigenous. This was during the curriculum sensitization session at the College in May this year. The curriculum, also known as the Lower Secondary Curriculum Assessment and Exam Reform (CURASSE), is set to replace the current curriculum. Dr Henry Busulwa, Ag. Dean School of Education was critical of the current curriculum. “The content and approach of teaching the current curriculum has been the main problem. I suggest that at least 70% of the new curriculum’s content should be local, he said. Dr Busulwa also noted that the strands in the thematic areas were many and would pose problems in scaling content into a 40 minute lesson. According to Christopher Muganga, Creative Arts Specialist, “the curriculum has been fined tuned to match international standards due to globalization and also to create senior four graduates that are self sustaining and can seek self employment.” He informed participants that the implementation of the reform had been postponed from 2015 to a later date due to pending work issues. Eight learning areas are proposed in the curriculum reform. These are; Science, Mathematics, Life Education, Creative Arts, Technology and Enterprise, Languages, Social Studies and Religious Education with mostly content relevant to personal and national development. In languages, English and Kiswahili will be compulsory. The proposed curriculum comprises of generic skills such as communication, critical thinking and problem solving and workplace behaviour. At the centre of the curriculum are values which include peaceful and harmonious, integrity and honesty, patriotism, positive attitude towards work, respect for human rights and tolerance of difference. Retooling of teachers and teacher trainers with new textbooks, new content and also new assessment methods, where grades are cumulative, as opposed to summative, are some of the changes that the reform proposes. Learners will be formally assessed at the end of Senior 4 as has been the norm but it is proposed that results of these assessment will lead to the award of a new type of qualification, the Uganda Certificate of Lower Secondary Education. The Chair Department of Foundations and Curriculum Studies, Dr Christopher Mugimu, noted that people who set exams were not enabling interactive learning and called for the restructuring of examining bodies. NCDC agreed with this observation and said it was working closely with the Uganda National Examinations Board to restructure the assessment processes. Life Education curriculum specialist Erina Balungi informed participants that the curriculum was being piloted in a few rural, double session and mixed schools. This will assess the performance of the curriculum before it is rolled out countrywide. The session concluded with CEES staff requesting for more consultative meetings with NCDC before the curriculum is rolled out in order to effectively plan the reform. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 4 5 The CEES Examiner Issue: May - Sept 2013 Dr Betty Ezati appointed first female Dean of the School of Education Dr Betty Ezati receives instruments of office from Dr Fred Masagazi The University Appointments Board has confirmed Dr Betty Akullu Ezati as the first female Dean of the School of Education. She replaces Dr Fred Masagazi Masaazi, Associate Professor who is the now the Principal of the College of Education and External Studies. Speaking at the handover of office ceremony held on 13th September 2013, Dr Masagazi thanked Makerere University for having given him the opportunity to lead the School of Education. “It has been an honour to be entrusted with the leadership of the School of Education, one of the oldest schools at Makerere University, he said.” He congratulated Dr Ezati and assured her of his continuing support in building the School of Education. He also took time to thank Dr Henry Busulwa for his service as Acting Dean over the last six months during the transition in which Dr Masagazi was appointed College Principal. As Dean School of Education from February 2010 – September 2013, Dr Masagazi was instrumental in the recognition of the contribution of late Professor Senteza Kajubi towards the development of Education in Uganda. Prof. Kajubi was immortalized in form of a bust that stands at the School. Other notable achievements included; increased staff promotions, improved visibility of the school through a school website, a greener school compound and community engagement activities by the Departments. In her remarks, Dr Ezati thanked the out-going dean for a job well done. “I pledge to work with the whole team as I embark on this new role and I will seek advice and counsel from the out-going dean” she added. The function was witnessed by Internal Audit representative Mr George Turyamureeba, Chairs of Departments in the School and members of the College’s Administrative Board during which the handover report was presented. The ceremony was completed with the handing over of the instruments of office. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 5 6 The CEES Examiner Issue: May - Sept 2013 Centre for Lifelong Learning trains UNMISS staff on post conflict reconstruction and stabilization of South Sudan The Centre for Lifelong Learning recently conducted a capacity building training for staff of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) at the Regional Training and Conference Centre, Entebbe Old Airport. The five day workshop which run from 12th – 16th August 2013 equipped participants with the knowledge and skills of understanding conflict, its manifestation, analysis and the different ways of responding to conflict. The Principal CEES officially opens the training. Participants portray the intensity of the conflict. Speaking at the official opening of the training, the Principal of the College of Education and External Studies, Dr Fred Masagazi Masaazi noted that the training on post conflict reconstruction and stabilization was very pertinent. “This training will assist in promoting peace and stability in all the countries in the Great Lakes Region with Uganda inclusive,” he said. He appealed to the participants to share knowledge and experiences for better understanding of the training content. Dr Masagazi further reaffirmed his commitment on behalf of the College to continue working with UNMISS in offering the best training services that are responsive to the prevailing needs. The training brought together 21 UNMISS middle level managers working on the post conflict reconstruction and stabilization of South Sudan project. Participants were trained in the areas of introduction to conflict resolution, post conflict reconstruction, IDPs and humanitarian action, refugees and humanitarian action and state building and state reconstruction. The training incorporated highly participatory adult learning approaches such as brainstorming, discussions and demonstrative methods which encouraged participants to learn by doing and reflecting on their real life experiences. The training workshop was later closed by the Deputy Principal of the College, Dr. Anthony M. Muggaga in the presence of the Focal Person of UNMISS Ms. Michelle Silva. Group work session by participants. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 6 7 The CEES Examiner Issue: May - Sept 2013 Canadian students and professors visit CEES A group of four professors and 16 Canadian students visited the Department of Adult and Community Education in May this year for a lecture on Uganda’s education system presented by Mr Twine Bananuka, Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Adult and Community Education. The group was in Uganda to learn about indigenous knowledge systems and ecotourism on Bushara Islands. They were also interested in visiting slums in Kampala with a view of interfacing with organizations that are trying to getting children off the streets. While at CEES, the group engaged in a healthy debate of Uganda’s education system, indigenous knowledge systems, globalisation, neo-liberalism and linkages linkages between prostitution and street children. Luganda Teachers Conference a huge success Over 350 luganda teachers from schools across central Uganda participated in this year’s Annual Luganda Teachers Conference recently. The two day conference organized by the Department of Humanities and Language Education, aimed to bring together teachers to share classroom experiences and to disseminate research findings in language education and Luganda in particular. Participants were treated to a series of presentations centered on the conference theme “Examination/test Instrument construction in luganda language teaching,” by guests and School of Education staff. In his opening remarks, the Principal CEES Dr Fred Masagazi urged teachers to write books in order to develop the luganda language. He further urged them to upgrade their academic qualifications and return to the College to undertake bachelors, masters and Phd degrees. Dr Masagazi informed participants that plans are underway to re-organise the annual conference into a fully fledge freshers' course. He concluded by thanking the organizers for a job well done. “The conference helped to identify important ways in which we can all work together to develop better assessments in the luganda language arena”, said Dr Robinah Kyeyune, Chair DHLE. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 7 8 The CEES Examiner Issue: May- Sept 2013 CEES receives funding to change the face of Distance Education at Makerere University College of Education and External Studies has been awarded a Norwegian Programme for Capacity Development in Higher Education and Research for Development (NORHED) grant to help change the way the University runs its distance education mode. Staff from the College’s Department of Open and Distance Learning were awarded a NORHED grant to leapfrog Makerere’s 1st generation distance education provision into 4th and 5th generation distance education mode. The collaborating team from the Department of Open and Distance Learning includes project leaders Dr Paul Muyinda and Dr Jessica Aguti. They will work with a team from the University of Adger’s Faculty of Engineering and Science led by Dr. Andreas Prinz in implementing the project. Dr Paul Muyinda said the project aims to achieve resources, human and technical capacity to offer online learning programmes. “Through this project, financial resources shall be secured to build the necessary infrastructural, technical, human resource and research capacity to offer blended programmes”. The work carried out will ultimately benefit students across the country. “Students including the socially, economically and geographically disadvantaged will have access to quality higher education,” he said. Dr Paul B Muyinda, Co- Project Leader at CEES The 4th and 5th generation distance education uses intelligent flexible learning models which employ interactive multimedia online such as social networks, internet-based access to worldwide web resources, computer-mediated communications using automated response systems and campus portal access to institutional processes and resources. Dr Jessica Aguti said the project would contribute to addressing the infrastructure challenges at the College. “The project will enable us construct ICT laboratories at Makerere and Lira study centres and a lecture room will be renovated and equipped with live lecture recording and video conferencing facilities,” she said. Other project outputs will include; the development of bachelor of youth in development work and master of instructional design and technology (MIDT) into online programmes, scholarships to pursue online MIDT progamme for Makerere University staff and South Sudanese nationals, sandwich PhD programmes for Makerere University staff in Norwegian universities, postdoctoral fellowships and integrating mobile phone platforms onto MUELE. Nationally, a total of eight out of twelve projects to receive funding under NORHED’s first round of seed funding are from Makerere University. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 8 9 The CEES Examiner Issue: Sept 2013 CEES launches Lunchtime Seminar Series In a bid to create a community of practice in modern pedagogy, the College of Education and External Studies in April started weekly lunch time seminars where staff and students present cutting edge research and practice in the area of modern pedagogy in general and ICT in education pedagogy in particular. The seminars are held every Tuesday lunch time from 1.00- 1.30pm in the School of Distance and Lifelong Learning Board room. The list below provides details of the Seminar series held between April and September 2013. Click on the links below to view the PowerPoint presentation and audio podcast of the seminars. Title: Widening access for women/girls in Higher Education at Makerere University through a gender mainstreaming initiative. Presented by Dr George Openjuru, Associate Professor, Dean School of Distance and Lifelong Learning. Title: Integrating Mobile Learning in Open and Distance Learning at Makerere University (Practical demonstration) Presented by Dr Paul Muyinda, Mr Godfrey Mayende & Mr Jonathan Kizito. Title: Feeding interruptions/ ecology of Zebra and cattle on ranches adjacent to Lake Mburo National Park. Presented by Mr.Bukenya John, Assistant Lecturer DODL. Title: Simulation and Second Life in Education. Presented by Ms Immaculate Bona Maandera. Title: Integrating ICT in Education: Some Experiences and Lessons from Sweden. Presented by Mr. Rahman Sanya & Mr Sam Siminyu Lecturers DACE & DODL Title: Accessing Maklib's E-resources to support study, teaching and research. Presented by Ms Faith Akiteng Librarian CEES Title: MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses), So What? Presented by Mr Tito Okumu E-Learning Manager CEES Title: Open Educational Resources (OERs) for Makerere's Study Materials Needs. Presented by Dr. Jessica Norah Aguti, Associate Professor Title:Novice educators’ understandings of curricula and pedagogy: perspectives from Uganda. Presented by Mr. Twine Bananuka Assistant Lecturer DACE Title: The Role of Collaboration and Partnerships in Teacher Education and Development in Africa by Dr Juliana Bbuye Lecturer DODL Title: Benchmarking for ICT integration. Presented by Mr Sam Siminyu, Lecturer Department of Open and Distance Learning Title: Learning to integrate learning technologies into teaching: Where to start.) presented by Mr. Michael Walimbwa, PhD Candidate (Educational Technology) & Assistant Lecturer DFCS Title: Teaching ICT or teaching with ICT: What is happening in selected education institutions in Uganda? Presented by Mrs Alice Ndidde, Lecturer Department of Adult and Community Education Title: Strategic Futures Foresight, Presenter: Dr Paul B Muyinda, Chair Department of Open and Distance Learning Title: ICT and Authentic Learning/Teaching, Presenters: Mr. Godfrey Mayende, Assistant Lecturer Department of Open and Distance Learning College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 9 10 The CEES Examiner Issue: Sept 2013 Ms Faith Akiteng appointed new CEES Librarian Ms Faith Akiteng receives instruments of office from Dr Jane Kawalya Prof. Maria Musoke, Dr Helen Byamugisha, Ms Faith Akiteng & Dr Jane Kawalya Outgoing CEES Librarian Dr Jane Kawalya handed over office on 22nd May 2013 to the incoming Librarian Ms Faith Akiteng who prior to this was the Librarian of the College of Business and Management Sciences. The function was presided over by the University Librarian, Prof. Maria Musoke and witnessed by the Deputy Principal CEES Dr Anthony Mugagga, Acting Deputy University Dr Helen Byamugisha and new CHUSS Librarian Grace Akello. Prof. Musoke thanked Dr Kawalya for a job well done and noted that the College system was new and had been a learning experience. “We apologise for the mistakes that could have been made. These will be avoided by the new team,” she said. She noted that the University Library was understaffed with five people retiring this year and informed members that staff were being transferred across Colleges to address this shortage. The Deputy Principal, Dr Anthony Mugagga also thanked Dr Kawalya for her great service and pledged continued support from College management. Dr Kawalya thanked the University for appointing her as College librarian and expressed her appreciation for the support provided to her by the College management and staff. Dr Jane Kawalya who has also retired from University Service, served as College Librarian from March 2011 to May 2013. Her tenure saw the formation of the College library after the merger of the Institute of Adult and Continuing Education and School of Education, the amalgamation of departmental book banks into one College book bank and increased security of library books. In her acceptance remarks, Ms Akiteng thanked Dr Kawalya for the foundation she had set and asked God to give her the courage to achieve greater heights. The function was completed with the handing over of the instruments of office which included files and keys to the new Librarian. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 10 11 The CEES Examiner Issue: May- Sept 2013 Joint CEES Student Associations Handover Ceremony In May this year, student associations led by Makerere University College of Education and External Students Association (MUCEESA) held a joint handover ceremony at the School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio-engineering Conference Hall. The outgoing cabinets of MUCEESA, Makerere Education Students Association (MESA), Makerere University External Commerce Association (MUECA), Bachelor of Education External Students Association (B.ED), Makerere University Adult Community Education Students Association (MUACESA), Commonwealth Youth Students Association (CYP) and Diploma of Project Planning and Management Students Association (MUPPMSA) handed over the instruments of power to their incoming counterparts. The outgoing President of MUCEESA, H.E Alex Kyokwijuka handed over to the new President H.E Sandra Nabasirye. The ceremony was attended by Deputy Principal, Dr Anthony Mugagga, Chair Department of Open and Distance Learning, Dr Paul Muyinda and patrons of the associations Dr Mathias Bwainka (MUCEESA), Dr Scot Wafula (MESA), Mr Arthur Mugisha (B.ED) and Mr Nazarius Turyakira (MUECA).The ceremony was completed with a dinner and dance. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 11 12 The CEES Examiner Issue: March 2013 CEES organizes successful orientation briefing On September 11th 2013 , the College Management together with the College students association MUCEESA officially welcomed first year students to the College of Education and External Studies. Held in a cheerful and humorous manner, the briefing captured the students’ attention of the issues discussed. In his address to over 2000 students, the Principal, Dr Fred Masagazi urged the students to take their studies seriously in order to succeed. He cautioned the students about indiscipline and urged them to manage their time wisely. “It is important that you familiarize yourselves with the timetables and the university environment so that you avoid wasting time. There are so many activities and distractions that go on in the university. Your studies should be a priority.” He said. The briefing, held in the School of Education conference hall also featured Deans of Schools, Chairs of Departments, Centre Coordinators, the College Bursar, Registrars and Librarian. Each speaker provided clarifications on policies and procedures of academic life at Makerere University. The Dean School of Distance and Lifelong Learning, Dr George Openjuru stressed the need for students to be self directed since there is no policing at University as is the case in secondary schools. The Dean School of Education, Dr Betty Ezati urged the students to maintain the professional code of conduct of teachers and encouraged them to always read the notice boards for up to date information. The briefing concluded with a question and answer session and a presentation on the teaching profession by Mr. Michael Walimbwa, Assistant lecturer in the Department of Foundations and Curriculum Studies. The briefing was part of broader orientation activities that helped students acclimatize to academic life at the College. Students took part in departmental activities as well as student association activities. College of Education and External Studies Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256 414 543 251 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cees.mak.ac.ug 12
© Copyright 2026 Paperzz