TABLE 45. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D paid for by the company and others and performed by the company, R&D employment, and R&D cost per R&D employee, by industry and company size: 2012
Industry and company size
All industries
Manufacturing industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textile, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers
and filaments
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemicals
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implement
Semiconductor machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment
Other machinery
Computer and electronic products
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control
instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation
apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical,
and nautical system and instrument
Other measuring and controlling device
Other computer and electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
NAICS code
Company-performed R&D
(US$millions)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
R&D employment (thousands)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Company-performed R&D
per R&D employee
(US$thousands per employee)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
21–23, 31–33, 42–81
31–33
311
312
313–16
321
322
323
324
325
3251
374,234
261,281
5,168
D
612
463 i
858
291 i
D
70,593
3,641
302,250
208,415
4,092
D
560
461 i
752
256 i
894
57,225
2,916
71,984
52,866
1,076
532
52
2
106
35
D
13,367
725
2,065
1,261
32
6
8
8i
8
5
6
220
20
1,469
886
24
3
7
8i
7
4
4
162
15
597
375
8
3
1
*
1
*
1
58
5
181.2
207.2
161.7
D
76.9
60.1
107.8
63.0
D
321.6
179.2
205.8
235.2
170.4
D
77.8
60.3
108.5
61.1
198.7
353.4
195.6
120.7
141.0
135.4
191.1
68.4
33.2
103.2
81.3
D
232.1
134.0
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
D
D
59,139
3,212
D
4,337
1,588 i
818
1,956 i
18,424
2,142
2,739
D
D
85,605
18,514
36,888
946
D
48,146
2,342
D
3,509
1,327 i
741
1,833 i
14,254
1,546
2,151
4,336
6,220
65,068
13,989
27,331
D
D
10,993
870
210
828
261
77
123
4,169
596
588
D
D
20,537
4,525
9,556
8
8
151
18
15
36
12
8
33
131
13
9
41
68
426
79
175
6
6
114
11
10
30
8
7
31
89
8
7
24
50
267
53
101
3
2
36
7
5
6
4
*
2
43
5
2
18
18
158
26
75
D
D
392.4
183.1
D
121.8
131.1
107.7
59.4
140.3
169.8
309.9
D
D
201.1
234.7
210.7
164.0
D
421.1
213.4
D
117.9
166.6
103.8
59.2
160.6
194.5
306.6
181.8
124.5
243.5
263.6
271.9
D
D
302.1
132.5
43.8
141.9
62.9
167.8
63.3
97.9
127.7
322.5
D
D
129.7
175.2
128.3
3345
18,623
15,949
2,674
98
76
22
189.2
209.4
120.2
334510, 334517
4,982
4,396
586
26
22
4
188.9
196.3
147.3
334511
other 3345
other 334
335
336
3361–63
3364
336411–13
8,312
5,328
11,581
4,150
50,378
D
D
D
7,737
3,816
7,799
3,087
42,305
D
24,817 i
23,397 i
575
1,512
3,781
1,063
8,073
D
D
D
33
39
73
42
202
110
82
76
30
24
37
25
147
64
73
68 i
3
16
36
17
55
46
9
9
252.9
136.0
158.1
98.4
248.9
D
D
D
255.7
162.2
208.2
121.6
286.8
D
340.3
345.4
220.5
96.5
105.7
63.4
147.0
D
D
D
TABLE 45. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D paid for by the company and others and performed by the company, R&D employment, and R&D cost per R&D employee, by industry and company size: 2012
Industry and company size
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component
Other transportation
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Nonmanufacturing industries
Mining, extraction, and support activities
Utilities
Wholesale trade
Electronic shopping and electronic auctions
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Data processing, hosting, and related services
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except
copyrighted works)
Other real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific research and development services
Biotechnology research and development
Physical, engineering, and life sciences (except
biotechnology) research and development
Social sciences and humanities research and
development
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
All companies (number of domestic employees)
Small companiesa
5–499
NAICS code
Company-performed R&D
(US$millions)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
R&D employment (thousands)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Company-performed R&D
per R&D employee
(US$thousands per employee)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
336414–15, 336419
336992
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
21–23, 42–81
21
22
42
454111–12
48–49
51
511
5111
5112
517
518
other 51
52
53
1,425
D
D
372
D
10,297
D
112,953
D
368
1,938 i
D
186
56,711
36,858
244 i
36,614
2,882 i
5,574
11,397
4,147
400
1,420
D
D
348
D
8,316
D
93,835
2,815
348
1,825 i
1,353
178
46,805
28,987
242 i
28,745
2,824 i
4,913
10,082
3,519
363
5
0
D
23
D
1,981
D
19,118
D
21
113 i
D
8i
9,906
7,871
2i
7,868
59
661
1,316
628
38
5
*
11
5
75
52
23
804
13
2
26 i
11
4
326
233
3i
230
14 i
41
37
31
2
5
*
10
5
57
40
17
583
9
2
25 i
9
3
225
148
2i
146
13 i
33
31
26
1
*
0
1
*
18
12
6
222
3
*
2i
2
*
100
85
*i
85
1
8
6
5
*
273.2
D
D
78.9
D
196.7
D
140.4
D
170.5
73.7
D
51.5
174.2
158.4
96.0
159.0
199.8
134.8
307.3
135.3
214.8
273.5
D
D
76.2
D
206.8
D
161.0
296.7
195.7
74.4
150.8
50.9
207.8
195.7
97.0
197.4
212.2
148.4
328.7
135.9
246.4
202.5
0.0
D
172.9
D
163.3
D
86.3
D
53.9
64.0
D
69.7
98.6
93.0
46.1
93.0
52.4
80.2
205.0
132.3
95.8
533
other 53
54
5413
5415
5417
541711
379
21 i
41,149
2,571 i
13,649 i
20,471
8,364
342
21 i
34,309
2,513 i
11,251 i
16,544
7,387
37
*i
6,840
57
2,399 i
3,927
977
1
1i
353
42
162 i
107
32
1
1i
248
39
101
75
25
*
*
105 i
3
61 i
32
7
285.2
39.7
116.7
60.6
84.1
191.2
265.5
363.7
39.5
138.3
64.1
111.0
221.6
299.5
95.9
88.0
65.3
17.7
39.3
121.1
143.0
541712
11,506
8,559
2,948
72
46
26
159.7
184.2
115.2
2
457
36
4
41
6
4
33
6
169.6
109.0
116.0
169.3
122.0
112.5
306.0
56.5
272.6
541720
other 54
621–23
23, 44–45 (excluding
454111–12), 55–56,
624, 71–72, 81
600
4,459
712 i
598
4,001
675 i
*
8i
*i
–
D
374,234
1,646
302,250
D
71,984
31
2,065
28
1,469
3
597
D
181.2
59.1
205.8
D
120.7
–
53,611
49,961
3,650
494
437
57
108.4
114.2
63.9
TABLE 45. Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D paid for by the company and others and performed by the company, R&D employment, and R&D cost per R&D employee, by industry and company size: 2012
Industry and company size
NAICS code
Company-performed R&D
(US$millions)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
R&D employment (thousands)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
Company-performed R&D
per R&D employee
(US$thousands per employee)
Worldwide
Domestic
Foreign
5–99
–
27,355 i
26,217 i
1,138
286
258
28
95.6
101.6
5–49
–
87.2
17,507 i
17,035 i
472 i
201
181
19
94.0
42
99 i
38
4
72.2
76.8
5–9
–
3,025 i
2,926 i
10–24
–
7,026 i
6,915 i
111
76
73
3
92.7
94.5
25–49
–
7,456 i
7,195 i
261 i
83
70
13
89.8
102.9
50–99
–
9,848
9,182 i
666
86
77
9
115.2
119.4
100–249
–
13,696
12,480
1,215
116
101
15
118.3
124.0
250–499
–
12,561
11,264
1,297
93
79
14
135.7
143.3
Medium and large companies
500–999
–
12,921
11,484
1,438
83
67
16
155.2
170.5
1,000–4,999
–
63,154
50,691
12,463
335
226
108
188.8
224.0
5,000–9,999
–
40,640
30,483
10,157
247
138
109
164.7
221.0
10,000–24,999
–
59,713
49,493
10,220
263
198
65
226.9
249.5
25,000 or more
–
144,194
110,138
34,056
643
401
242
224.2
274.4
* = amount < $500,000 or 500 employees; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; i = > 50% of the estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to account for nonresponse.
NAICS = 2007 North American Industry Classification System.
a
The upper bound is based on the U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of a small business; the Business R&D and Innovation Survey does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Ratios were calculated using unrounded data. The industry classification is based on the dominant business code for domestic R&D performance, where available. For
companies that did not report business codes, the classification used for sampling was assigned. Statistics are representative of companies located in the United States that performed or funded R&D.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2012.
40.6
24.2
26.2
43.2
20.0
77.5
80.5
93.1
90.3
115.1
93.4
157.8
140.9