TABLE 16. Doctorate recipients, by sex and subfield of study: 2014
Totala
Male
Female
% female
54,070
29,049
24,857
46.0
12,504
5,468
6,998
56.0
1,303
96
673
58
629
38
48.3
39.6
Agronomy, horticulture science, plant breeding, plant
pathology, plant sciences-other
320
181
139
43.4
Animal nutrition, poultry science
Animal science, other
Environmental science
Fishing and fisheries sciences/management
Food science, food technology-other
75
102
214
52
131
39
44
101
37
46
36
58
113
15
84
48.0
56.9
52.8
28.8
64.1
Forest biology, forest management, wood science, forestry
sciences-other
75
46
29
38.7
Natural resources/conservation
Soil chemistry, soil sciences-other
Wildlife/range management
Agricultural sciences/natural resources, aggregated
71
66
29
72
31
36
22
32
40
30
7
40
56.3
45.5
24.1
55.6
Biological, biomedical sciences
Anatomy, developmental biology
Bacteriology, parasitology
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
Biomedical sciences
Biometrics and biostatistics
Biophysics (biology)
Botany, plant pathology, plant physiology
Cancer biology
Cell/cellular biology and histology
Computational biology
Ecology
Endocrinology, human/animal pathology
Entomology
Environmental toxicology, toxicology
Epidemiology
Evolutionary biology
Genetics-human/animal, plant genetics
Immunology
Marine biology and biological oceanography
Microbiology
Molecular biology
Neurosciences and neurobiology
Nutrition sciences
Pharmacology, human and animal
Physiology, human and animal
Structural biology
Virology
Wildlife biology
Zoology
Biology/biomedical sciences, general
Biotechnology, biology/biomedical sciences-other
8,991
213
51
820
185
439
165
186
139
457
331
117
450
125
114
166
292
215
450
452
111
466
673
1,052
175
294
208
60
162
36
33
242
112
4,134
84
26
411
127
197
69
114
67
177
150
80
205
55
65
68
98
112
202
184
43
191
311
520
32
136
99
40
83
21
11
101
55
4,825
126
25
405
58
239
95
71
72
276
181
37
245
70
49
98
193
103
248
267
68
274
358
530
143
158
108
20
79
15
22
138
54
53.7
59.2
49.0
49.4
31.4
54.4
57.6
38.2
51.8
60.4
54.7
31.6
54.4
56.0
43.0
59.0
66.1
47.9
55.1
59.1
61.3
58.8
53.2
50.4
81.7
53.7
51.9
33.3
48.8
41.7
66.7
57.0
48.2
Health sciences
Environmental health, public health
Health and behavior
Health policy analysis
Health systems/services administration
Kinesiology/exercise physiology
2,210
476
87
50
89
250
661
144
15
11
31
132
1,544
330
72
39
58
118
69.9
69.3
82.8
78.0
65.2
47.2
Subfield of study
All fields
Life sciences
Agricultural sciences and natural resources
Agricultural economics
TABLE 16. Doctorate recipients, by sex and subfield of study: 2014
Totala
Male
Female
% female
567
278
83
114
216
44
143
34
22
85
523
132
49
92
131
92.2
47.5
59.0
80.7
60.6
9,859
7,004
2,820
28.6
Astronomy
Astronomy
Astrophysics
Astronomy, other
290
113
171
6
208
76
129
3
81
36
42
3
27.9
31.9
24.6
50.0
Atmospheric science and meteorology
Atmospheric physics, meteorology
200
83
129
59
70
24
35.0
28.9
117
70
46
39.3
Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Medicinal chemistry
Organic chemistry
Physical chemistry
Polymer chemistry
Theoretical chemistry
Chemistry, general
Chemistry, other
2,673
416
373
86
604
341
127
103
414
209
1,643
222
219
56
414
234
88
73
233
104
1,020
194
154
28
188
107
39
30
175
105
38.2
46.6
41.3
32.6
31.1
31.4
30.7
29.1
42.3
50.2
Computer and information sciences
Computer science
Information science and systems
Robotics
Computer and information science, general
Computer and information science, other
2,072
1,668
151
81
94
78
1,657
1,365
93
73
73
53
407
298
57
8
20
24
19.6
17.9
37.7
9.9
21.3
30.8
581
101
131
330
44
73
251
57
58
43.2
56.4
44.3
Subfield of study
Nursing science
Pharmaceutical sciences
Rehabilitation/therapeutic services
Speech-language pathology and audiology
Health sciences, aggregated
Physical sciences
Atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric sciences-general,
atmospheric sciences-other
Geological and earth sciences
Geochemistry, mineralogy
Geology
Geomorphology, geological sciences-general, geological
sciences-other
146
87
59
40.4
Geophysics and seismology
Paleontology, stratigraphy
150
53
102
24
48
29
32.0
54.7
1,879
173
137
495
120
104
83
1,336
129
102
363
101
82
66
535
44
35
130
19
22
17
28.5
25.4
25.5
26.3
15.8
21.2
20.5
Operations research, mathematics/statistics-general,
mathematics/statistics-other
359
238
115
32.0
Statistics (mathematics)
408
255
153
37.5
208
88
120
121
48
73
87
40
47
41.8
45.5
39.2
1,956
212
156
1,580
168
116
369
44
39
18.9
20.8
25.0
Mathematics
Algebra
Analysis and functional analysis
Applied mathematics, computing theory
Geometry/geometric analysis
Logic, topology/foundations
Number theory
Ocean/marine sciences
Oceanography, chemical and physical
Ocean/marine sciences, aggregated
Physics
Acoustics, optics/photonics
Applied physics
TABLE 16. Doctorate recipients, by sex and subfield of study: 2014
Totala
Male
Female
% female
165
131
391
103
103
245
83
231
136
140
100
322
82
85
215
63
182
107
25
30
68
20
17
30
19
48
29
15.2
22.9
17.4
19.4
16.5
12.2
22.9
20.8
21.3
8,657
3,477
5,155
59.5
Psychology
Behavioral analysis
Clinical psychology
Cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics
Counseling
Developmental and child psychology
Educational psychology (psychology)
Experimental psychology
Family psychology, human development and family studies
Health and medical psychology
Industrial and organizational psychology
Neuropsychology/physiological psychology
School psychology (psychology)
Social psychology
Psychology, general
Psychology, aggregated
3,765
51
1,244
202
382
244
64
143
185
79
208
122
111
242
280
208
1,072
19
283
96
108
40
21
66
40
15
85
46
13
81
88
71
2,678
32
952
105
274
204
43
77
145
64
120
76
97
161
191
137
71.1
62.7
76.5
52.0
71.7
83.6
67.2
53.8
78.4
81.0
57.7
62.3
87.4
66.5
68.2
65.9
Social sciences
Anthropology, cultural
Anthropology, physical and biological
Anthropology, general
Economics, econometrics
Natural resource/environmental economics (social sciences)
Political science and government
Sociology
Other social sciences
Area/ethnic/cultural studies
Criminal justice and corrections
Criminology
4,892
268
73
186
1,145
49
776
678
1,717
90
80
79
2,405
96
25
76
757
27
433
248
743
36
37
29
2,477
172
48
110
382
22
342
430
971
53
43
50
50.6
64.2
65.8
59.1
33.4
44.9
44.1
63.4
56.6
58.9
53.8
63.3
Demography, gerontology, statistics, urban affairs,
social sciences-general, social sciences-other
332
129
202
60.8
Gender and women's studies
Geography
International relations/affairs
Linguistics
Natural resource/environmental policy
Public policy analysis
Urban/city, community and regional planning
41
291
104
277
36
276
111
7
139
67
109
17
122
51
34
152
37
167
19
154
60
82.9
52.2
35.6
60.3
52.8
55.8
54.1
9,568
7,349
2,179
22.8
387
975
622
1,957
298
836
1,332
331
684
470
1,618
209
619
1,128
55
290
147
326
89
213
197
14.2
29.7
23.6
16.7
29.9
25.5
14.8
Subfield of study
Atomic physics, polymer physics
Biophysics (physics)
Condensed matter/low temperature physics
Medical physics/radiological science
Nuclear physics
Particle (elementary) physics
Plasma/fusion physics
Physics, general
Physics, other
Psychology and social sciences
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials science engineering
Mechanical engineering
TABLE 16. Doctorate recipients, by sex and subfield of study: 2014
Totala
Male
Female
% female
3,161
1,049
467
270
156
101
95
1,023
2,290
661
406
147
130
87
75
784
862
386
61
123
25
14
20
233
27.3
36.8
13.1
45.6
16.0
13.9
21.1
22.8
4,793
1,467
3,316
69.2
895
62
172
605
56
371
25
78
252
16
524
37
94
353
40
58.5
59.7
54.7
58.3
71.4
2,558
229
549
54
155
259
75
207
447
70
145
92
276
721
58
132
19
50
71
29
77
164
22
25
30
44
1,828
171
416
35
104
186
46
130
282
45
120
62
231
71.5
74.7
75.8
64.8
67.1
71.8
61.3
62.8
63.1
64.3
82.8
67.4
83.7
Teacher education
153
35
118
77.1
Teaching fields
English as a second or foreign language
Health education
Literacy and reading education
Mathematics education
Music education
Physical education and coaching
Science education
Teaching fields, aggregated
919
58
43
128
143
104
36
112
295
267
20
10
19
50
49
13
27
79
651
38
33
109
93
55
23
85
215
70.8
65.5
76.7
85.2
65.0
52.9
63.9
75.9
72.9
Other education
Education, general
Other education, aggregated
268
135
133
73
34
39
195
101
94
72.8
74.8
70.7
5,486
2,697
2,785
50.8
676
179
84
83
182
148
248
61
40
26
68
53
426
118
44
56
114
94
63.0
65.9
52.4
67.5
62.6
63.5
1,182
431
78
229
78
73
68
661
254
44
123
39
49
33
520
177
34
106
39
24
34
44.0
41.1
43.6
46.3
50.0
32.9
50.0
Subfield of study
Other engineering
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering
Computer engineering
Environmental health engineering
Nuclear engineering
Structural engineering
Systems engineering
Other engineering, aggregated
Education
Education administration
Education and human resource studies/development
Educational administration and supervision
Educational leadership
Urban education and leadership
Education research
Counseling education/counseling and guidance
Curriculum and instruction
Educational assessment/testing/measurement
Educational policy analysis
Educational psychology (education)
Educational statistics/research methods
Educational/instructional technology, media design
Higher education/evaluation and research
International education
School psychology (education)
Social/philosophical foundations of education
Special education
Humanities
Foreign languages and literature
French, Italian
German
Latin American
Spanish
Other aggregated languages
History
American history (U.S. and Canada)
Asian history
European history
History, science and technology and society
Latin American history
Middle/Near East studies
TABLE 16. Doctorate recipients, by sex and subfield of study: 2014
Totala
Male
Female
% female
121
104
71
48
50
56
41.3
53.8
Letters
American literature (U.S. and Canada)
Classics
Comparative literature
English language
English literature (British and Commonwealth)
Rhetoric and composition
Speech and rhetorical studies
Letters, aggregated
1,553
350
91
196
149
393
210
29
135
659
156
52
88
67
150
81
15
50
894
194
39
108
82
243
129
14
85
57.6
55.4
42.9
55.1
55.0
61.8
61.4
48.3
63.0
Other humanities
American/U.S. studies
Archaeology
Art history/criticism/conservation
Drama/theater arts
Film/cinema/video studies
Music
Musicology/ethnomusicology
Music performance
Music theory and composition
Philosophy, ethics
Religion/religious studies, Jewish/Judaic studies
Other humanities, aggregated
2,075
121
105
262
104
72
65
140
77
104
479
319
227
1,129
47
51
56
41
35
40
73
40
80
339
213
114
945
74
54
206
63
37
24
67
37
24
140
106
113
45.5
61.2
51.4
78.6
60.6
51.4
36.9
47.9
48.1
23.1
29.2
33.2
49.8
3,203
1,587
1,604
50.1
1,583
198
242
264
65
101
152
212
349
907
111
136
191
30
74
80
92
193
670
87
105
73
35
27
71
119
153
42.3
43.9
43.4
27.7
53.8
26.7
46.7
56.1
43.8
664
150
250
123
141
278
56
116
46
60
383
94
132
76
81
57.7
62.7
52.8
61.8
57.4
956
118
50
68
121
326
157
116
402
66
6
31
65
66
108
60
551
52
44
37
56
260
49
53
57.6
44.1
88.0
54.4
46.3
79.8
31.2
45.7
Subfield of study
History, general
History, aggregated
Otherb
Business management and administration
Accounting
Business administration and management
Finance
Human resources development
Management information systems/business statistics
Marketing management and research
Organizational behavior
Other aggregated business fields
Communication
Communication research
Mass communication/media studies
Communication, general
Communication, aggregated
Non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified
Architecture/environmental design
Family/consumer science/human science
Parks/sports/recreation/leisure/fitness
Public administration
Social work
Theology/religious education
Fields not elsewhere classified, aggregated
S&E = science and engineering.
a
Includes 164 respondents who did not report sex.
b
Non-science and engineering fields.
NOTE: See table A-5 in the technical notes for a listing of aggregated fields and their constituent fine fields.
SOURCE: NSF, NIH, USED, USDA, NEH, NASA, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2014.