HAY YIELD OF GRASSES AND LEGUMES Temperate climate grasses and legumes vary considerably in tolerance to winter conditions and winter survival. Wide variation of growth during the hot and dry period of late summer is also observed. These conditions result in considerable discussion among growers and professionals involved in agriculture as to which grasses and legumes are suitable to hay and pasture production in Eastern Oregon. Growers often express interest in comparative protein and digestibility of prospective hay and pasture species. It is obvious that yield alone is no longer sufficient in the area of forage production. Thirty-seven entries of grasses, 25 entries of legumes, and 17 entries of biennials were planted in 5-by 25-foot plots replicated four times. Ammonium sulfate at 60 pounds of N per acre was applied at planting. The plots were planted on mineral soil (Location I) on August 29 and on a muck soil (Location II) on September 6, 1979. The seeding rates and winter survival are listed in Tables 9 and 10. Irrigation was applied as necessary for germination and growth. Sufficient growth was produced by late October for good winter survival except for Cicer milkvetch. Even after replanting in spring, Cicer milkvetch was not established. The perennial types survived the winter well. Annual types did not survive winter except for annual ryegrass where the stands were reduced to 80 percent of the establishment levels. At 4 weeks after planting each entry was rated for average height, number of plants per square foot, the percentage of the plot which conformed to height and number counts, and an index. The index was computed 13 by multiplying height, number, and uniformity values and dividing by 100. These data are listed in Tables 11, 12, and 13. The statistical analy, sis indicated very large variations between plots in the parameters with the exception of percent uniformity. The coefficients of variations were very large and the differences between varietal means were unreliable. Index values greater than 1,000 were an indication of early stand vigor. The ryegrass varieties and Manchar smooth brome had indexes above 1,000 with height and stand density contributing. Grinalda ryegrass and Troy bluegrass had indexes above 1,000 as a result of high stand densities, Turnip and other Brassica produced sufficient feed in 2 months time for winter grazing. In December, cold weather froze down turnip leaves and froze the storage root. Ina orchardgrass, Baylor smooth brome, Vantage Reed canarygrass, Garrison meadow foxtail, Alkar tall fescue, and Greenleaf pubescent wheatgrass had indexes below 300 as a result of low stand counts. The height and stand of legumes were less than the values for grasses. The leaf height and leaf density of turnip were much greater than grasses or legumes with fewer plants per foot. The low index for turnips is not a good indication of the early production. The yields of grasses and legumes for the first year after planting are presented in Tables 14 and 15. The plots were cut with a flail harvester. A subsample was dried and plot weights were computed as yield in dry matter per acre. Three cuttings were totaled and rank order of the total yields were recorded. The ryegrasses yielded in the 5 to 6.5 ton range. This compared to the next highest yield of 3.5 tons for Sterling orchardgrass. The yield of quackgrass was 2 tons and was low in comparison 14 to most other grasses. Red clover and ladino clover yielded in the 4.5 to 5 ton range. Alfalfa yields were in the range of 4 to 4.5 ton. Cimarron alfalfa and a red clover received nitrogen fertilizer and responded with higher yields than other legumes which were not fertilized. Second and third cutting yields were less than 0.5 ton for subclover, strawberry clover, big trefoil, and Cicer milkvetch. The crude protein of grasses in Table 16 indicated increased nitrogen uptake by smooth brome, Reed canarygrass, and quackgrass. Ryegrass, tall fescue, and wheatgrasses were very low in protein content. In Table 17 Florex red clover, white clover, common vetch, and Dawn birdsfoot trefoil were high in crude protein content. SainfOin was low in protein content and the leaves were not as dark in color as the other legumes. White clovers have long been sought after as good producing pasture legumes. The yields from grasses grown on muck soil in competition with quackgrass indicate ryegrass and tall fescue to be superior, (Table 18), The quackgrass yield was less than 4 tons per acre. The legumes did not establish well and much of Table 19 yields were quackgrass. Red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and alfalfa were apparent in acceptable quantities in the plots. It was apparent that legume growth on the muck soil was reduced drastically. Further work is needed to determine methods of growing legumes in quackgrass pastures. 15 Table 9. Grass varieties planted in the fall of 1979 and survival rated in the spring of 1980 Variety Specie Patomac S143 Comet Napier Hawk NAPB 7501 Ina Sterling Baylor Deborah Manchar Lincoln Rise Vantage NK Common NK Tetraploid NAPB 150 Artal Grinalda Fawn Alta Timfor Climax Toro Common Garrison Beaumont NK Common Troy Reubens Common Alkar Klamath Greenleaf Oahe RP 3 NW RP 6 Orchardgrass Smooth Brome Reed Canarygrass Ryegrass Tall Fescue Timothy Meadow Foxtail Meadow Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Canada Bluegrass Tall Wheatgrass Quackgrass Pubescent Wheatgrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Pasture Mix 16 Seed Rate Lb. PLS/A Winter Survival 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 10 10 10 35 35 35 35 20 20 10 10 10 25 25 20 25 25 25 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Fair Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Table 10. Legume and biennial varieties planted in the fall of 1979 and survival rated in the spring of 1980 Variety Specie Kenland Florex Redland II Mt. Barker NK 256 Ladino Medium Common Hungrapoly Eski Viva Remont Common Common Palastine Common Empire Dawn Granger V 10 Lutana Teton-Travois WL 220 NAPB 53 Apollo Red Clover LP I NAPB 0051 Meritra Tyfon Cyclone XK 79 P 2 Common Silenta Grunner Common Coated Cimarron IP 5 Emerald V 123 Midas Terhoy Seed Rate lb. PLS/A Sub Clover White Clover White Clover Red Clover Alsike Clover Red Clover Sainfoin Common Vetch Hairy Vetch Strawberry Clover Big Trefoil Birdsfoot Trefoil Cicer Milkvetch Alfalfa Rye Ryegrass Turnip Rape Radish Kale Red Clover Alfalfa Pea Rape Radish Kale Ryegrass 17 Winter Survival 10 10 10 25 4 4 10 10 20 35 35 35 85 50 10 6 10 10 10 10 25 20 20 20 20 Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good None Excellent Good Good Good Good Good Good Poor Good Good Good Good 40 35 35 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 10 20 180 5 5 5 35 Good Poor Poor None None None None None None None Good Good None None None None Fair Table 11. Components of production of grasses measured 4 weeks after planting on mineral soil (Loc I) and muck soil (Loc II), 1979 Height (cm) Loc I Loc II Variety Specie Patomac S 143 Comet Napier Hawk NAPB 7501 INA Sterling Baylor Deborah Man char Lincoln Rise Vantage NK Common NK Tetraploid NAPB 150 Artal Grinalda Fawn ALTA Timfor Climax Toro Common Garrison Beaumont NK Common Troy Ruebens Common Alkar Klamath Greenleaf Oahe RP3 RP6 Orchardgrass Smooth Brome Reed Canarygrass Ryegrass Tall Fescue Timothy Meadow Foxtail Meadow Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Canada Bluegrass Tall Wheatgrass Quackgrass Pubescent Wheatgrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Pasture mix X LSD (.05) CV % 6.0 7.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 7.0 5.5 7.0 8.0 7.5 13.0 8.5 8.5 6.5 7.0 15.0 10.5 9.0 8.5 7.0 7.0 4.0 6.0 7.0 6.5 5.5 11.5 5.0 4.0 7.0 6.5 7,0 6.5 8.5 13.0 8.0 12.0 7.8 NS 39.8 1 3 2 3 3 2 3 3 6 7 4 3 2 2 8 9 4 7 3 5 2 4 4 3 4 4 1 1 2 7 5 4 6 3 2 Plants/ft2 Loc I Loc II 94 49 45 83 70 78 36 94 17 82 72 46 49 42 99 133 120 112 46 70 69 144 118 93 117 54 60 223 295 201 130 30 55 33 43 77 28 86.4 NS 89.1 115 173 86 144 180 24 173 144 6 8 48 144 144 144 43 130 144 216 130 115 216 346 144 94 130 106 288 288 288 14 14 43 22 144 86 % Uniformity Loc II Loc I 85 90 95 90 90 85 90 100 85 90 95 85 90 90 90 95 95 95 95 90 90 90 100 100 90 95 100 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 100 93.0 NS 7.18 70 80 70 70 70 50 80 70 50 70 80 60 20 60 60 70 70 80 80 60 60 80 70 70 50 60 10 20 70 60 50 100 70 50 100 Index Loc I Loc II 580 322 329 551 422 471 177 677 114 435 1078 329 356 236 620 1923 1638 1237 395 471 472 467 703 647 547 270 606 629 1059 742 420 188 337 262 539 578 357 572 NS 88.8 81 415 121 302 378 24 415 302 29 41 154 259 58 173 207 816 403 1210 311 346 259 1106 403 197 259 253 29 58 403 60 36 173 91 216 173 Table 12. Components of production of legumes measured 4 weeks after planting on mineral soil (Loc I) and muck soil (Loc II), 1979 Variety Specie Kenland Florex Redland II Mt. Barker NK 256 Ladino Medium Common Hungrapoly Eski Viva Remont Common Common Palastine Common Empire Dawn Granger Lutana Teton-Travois WL 200 NAPB 53 Apollo Red Clover Sub Clover White Clover White Clover Red Clover Alsike Clover Red Clover Sainfoin Common Vetch Hairy Vetch Strawberry Clover Big Trefoil Birdsfoot Trefoil Cicer Milkvetch Alfalfa LSD CV % Height (cm) Loc II Loc I Plants/ft2 Loc I Loc II % Uniformity Loc I Loc II Index Loc I Loc II 4.0 3.0 2.5 4.5 2.0 2.5 3.5 1.0 3.5 6.0 7.0 6.5 9.0 10.5 1.0 1.0 3.5 2.5 4.0 1.0 5.0 4.0 2.5 5.0 1.5 1.3 2.0 2.5 0.8 0.8 2.0 1.0 2.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 7.0 7.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.8 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.5 41 30 35 47 30 34 38 18 43 12 8 10 17 20 14 51 35 40 52 22 54 45 34 60 20 72 26 39 26 34 51 34 40 14 10 8 15 25 31 38 69 30 70 21 49 57 123 72 90 80 85 70 80 95 90 75 90 80 85 90 95 90 70 95 80 80 100 85 95 95 95 95 70 85 95 100 65 60 65 75 75 85 85 90 100 95 80 60 65 80 85 90 90 100 95 100 147 72 72 136 47 80 122 13 139 55 46 60 142 196 10 47 97 81 207 18 252 167 76 285 20 72 50 94 14 20 64 25 72 40 29 24 105 180 25 11 46 38 126 12 121 151 189 126 4.0 1.2 18.0 2.2 0.9 24.0 33 22 39.3 40 37 54.3 87 NS 11.0 83 18 12.5 107 71 38.8 69 95 81.0 Table 13. Components of production of biennials measured 4 weeks after planting on mineral soil (Loc I) and much soil (Loc II), 1979. IN) CD Variety Specie LP 1 NAPB 0051 Meritra Tyfon Cyclone XK 79 Rye Ryegrass Turnip P2 Common Silentina Grunner Common Cimarron Rape Radish Kale Red Clover Alfalfa IP 5 Emerald V 123 Midas Terhoy Pea Rape Radish Kale Ryegrass X LSD CV % Height (cm) Loc I Loc II Plants/ft2 Loc I Loc II % Uniformity Loc II Loc I Loc I Index Loc II 17.5 26.5 23.5 21.5 22.0 18.0 10.0 8.5 12.5 7.5 10.5 6.5 20 48 48 17 12 17 11 108 96 12 14 12 90 100 95 85 95 85 80 90 70 70 75 80 324 1272 1078 305 231 265 95 849 832 62 113 60 22.5 18.5 18.0 12.5 6.0 8.0 11.5 8.5 7.0 6.0 2.5 2.0 10 11 6 13 34 43 13 8 4 9 34 65 90 85 55 80 80 85 70 75 80 70 95 90 207 171 59 133 157 291 105 56 20 46 85 118 8.5 6.5 5.5 7.5 5.5 17.9 2.6 8.2 7.4 3.6 27.7 9 12 10 7 108 23 12 29.5 31 29 53.4 90 85 70 70 80 85 12 8.0 79 16 11.5 70 72 35 33 432 374 221 33.1 181 205 64.7 Table 14. The 1980 yield of grasses at the Klamath Experiment Station, Klamath Falls, Oregon Variety Specie Patomac S 143 Comet Napier Hawk NAPB 7501 Ina Sterling Baylor Deborah Manchar Lincoln Rise Vantage NK Common NK Tetraploid NAPB 150 Artal Grinalda Fawn Alta Timfor Climax Toro Common Garrison Beaumont NK Common Troy Reubens Common Alkar Klamath Greenleaf Oahe RP 3 RP 6 NAPB 0051 Meritra Orchardgrass 1st Smooth brome Reed Canarygrass Ryegrass Tall fescue Timothy Meadow foxtail Meadow fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Canada Bluegrass Tall wheatgrass Quackgrass Pubescent wheatgrass Intermediate wheatgrass Ryegrass SD LSD (.05) % CV 21 Cutting Total 2nd 3rd SM per acre lb. 1,704 1,697 1,490 1,730 1,770 1,130 1,553 1,996 1,146 2,306 2,035 1,366 1,497 836 1,176 5,278 5,622 2,476 2,158 2,173 2,033 2,910 2,244 2,281 2,157 1,493 1,924 381 968 362 1,780 1,517 1,726 1,478 2,340 2,302 4,297 4,609 4,075 1,484 1.520 1,464 2,035 1,713 1,316 1,715 1,815 2,130 1,860 948 1,688 1,830 1,344 1,881 1,978 1,582 1,165 958 1,841 1,730 1,518 1,313 1,562 1,541 1,214 1,146 603 1,251 1,198 1,232 1,474 907 1,216 2,171 2,213 2,379 2,570 2,636 2,501 2,809 2,210 2,911 2,735 2,196 2,667 3,262 1,754 2,801 1,912 1,384 2,051 1,688 1,918 3,499 3,435 2,339 1,844 2,634 2,464 1,666 1,397 1,374 1,874 1,752 2,286 1,675 2,910 1,054 2,820 2,199 1,534 2,794 1,872 2,902 3,629 5,626 4,849 5,689 6,026 5,164 6,676 6,218 4,642 5,935 7,073 5,030 6,967 4,895 4,438 5,378 3,868 4,975 10,755 10,639 5,980 4,960 6,648 6,227 6,094 4,954 5,217 5,572 4,459 5,356 2,659 5,129 2,614 5,832 5,190 4,167 5,488 6,383 7,417 10,305 12,804 11,560 454.8 636.7 21.6 342.5 479.5 21.5 813.6 408.7 572.2 1,139.1 13.3 16.7 Rank 19 15 26 9 13 33 17 7 28 8 32 35 22 37 29 3 4 16 30 10 12 14 31 24 20 34 23 38 27 39 18 25 36 21 11 6 5 1 2 Table 15. The 1980 yield of legumes at the Klamath Experiment Station, Klamath Falls, Oregon Variety Specie Kenland Florex Redland II Mt. Baker NK 256 Ladino Medium Common Hungrapoly ESKI VIVA Remont Common Common Palastine Common Empire Dawn Granger V-10 Lutana Teton-Travois WL 220 NAPB 53 Apollo Trefoil & Orchardgrass Common Coated Cimarron Red Clover 1st Cutting 3rd 2nd Total Rank lb. DM per acre 2,663 2,841 2,983 1,722 2,115 2,370 2,546 2,195 3,211 1,749 1,897 1,809 1,777 5,069 1,124 1,442 2,033 2,433 2,079 1,868 1,197 2,838 3,056 3,148 2,992 1,881 2,230 1,780 -0- 1,316 1,486 1,767 1,580 1,905 1,205 1,103 885 1,313 1,866 -0- -0- 1,748 1,399 1,668 1,186 -0- 1,921 1,592 1,880 2,012 4,177 3,818 4,056 -0- 3,721 4,759 5,119 2,613 4,309 1,181 2,101 924 1,335 -0- -0- -0- 2,512 3,378 3,346 3,679 -0- 3,428 4,012 3,408 3,315 8,721 8,889 8,819 1,722 7,152 8,615 9,432 6,388 8,674 4,135 5,101 3,618 4,425 6,935 1,124 1,442 6,293 7,210 7,093 6,733 1,197 8,187 8,660 8,436 8,319 6 4 5 25 14 9 3 19 7 23 21 24 22 16 28 26 20 13 15 17 27 12 8 10 11 1,640 2,411 2,680 6,731 18 Red clover Alfalfa 2,357 3,627 1,823 1,957 9,536 5,356 5,239 10,823 2 1 SD LSD (.05) % CV 334.1 469.7 14.2 221.5 311.4 15.54 458.6 644.7 16.4 Sub. clover White clover Red clover Alsike clover Red clover Sainfoin Common vetch Hairy vetch Strawberry clover Big trefoil Birdsfoot trefoil Cicer milkvetch Alfalfa 22 608.5 855.3 9.2 Table 16. Crude protein of second cutting grasses from Location I, 1980 Variety Patomac S 143 Comet Napier Hawk NAPB 7501 INA Sterling Baylor Deborah Manchar Lincoln Rise Vantage NK Common NK Tetraploid NAPB 150 Artal Grinalda Fawn ALTA Timfor Climax Toro Common Garrison Beaumont NK Common Troy Reubens Common Alkar Klamath Greenleaf Oahe RP 3 RP 6 NAPB 0051 Meritra SD LSD (.05) %CV Specie C P Orchard grass 12,3 13.1 12,1 12.4 10.8 12.4 12.8 12.7 13.9 12.8 14.5 14.3 14.7 14.0 14.8 10.1 8.7 12:1 11.0 10.1 11.2 13.1 13.2 12.2 13.0 12.9 12.8 16.5 12.8 13.2 11.8 13.4 15.8 11.7 11.3 13.5 11.5 7.4 7.3 Smooth brome Reed canarygrass Ryegrass Tall fescue Timothy Meadow foxtail Meadow fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Canada Bluegrass Tall wheatgrass Quackgrass Pubescent wheatgrass Intermediate wheatgrass Pasture mix Ryegrass 1.23 1.73 9.93 23 Table 17. Crude protein and in vitro digestibility of second cutting legumes from Location I,980 Variety Specie C P IVDMD Kenland Florex Redland II Mt. Barker NK 256 Ladino Medium Common Hungrapoly Eski VIVA Remont Common Common Palastine Common Empire Dawn Granger V-10 Lutana Teton-Travois WL 220 NAPB 53 Apollo Granger/Potomac Common Coated Cimarron Red clover 15.5 19.1 17.1 -20.3 17.8 16.7 17.7 17.4 14.9 14.2 14.2 20.3 16.8 59.0 64.6 62.1 -74.7 70.0 60.1 69.3 60.2 64.8 63.2 63.4 66.0 65.1 17.7 19.1 18.4 17.7 -18.6 18.4 18.2 17.4 16.9 15.6 16.3 62.6 64.6 62.6 65.3 -61.4 62.2 62.4 62.1 60.8 1.0 1.4 5.8 2.3 3.3 3.6 Sub clover White Clover Red Clover Alsike Clover Red Clover Sainfoin Common Vetch Hairy Vetch Strawberry Clover Big Trefoil Birdsfoot Trefoil Cicer Milkvetch Alfalfa Trefoil Orchardgrass Red Clover Alfalfa SD LSD (.05) % CV 24 Table 18. Dry matter yield of grasses cut three times at Location II, 1980 Variety Specie Patomac S 143 Comet Napier Hawk NAPB 7501 Ina Sterling Baylor Deborah Manchar Lincoln Rise Vantage NK Common NK Tetraploid NAPB 150 Artal Grinalda Fawn Alta Timfor Climax Toro Common Garrison Beaumont NK Common Troy Reubens Common Alkar Klamath Greenleaf Oahe RP 3 RP 6 NAPB 0051 Meritra Orchardgrass 1st Smooth Brome Reed Canarygrass Ryegrass Tall Fescue Timothy Meadow Foxtail Meadow Fescue Kentucky Bluegrass Canada Bluegrass Tall Wheatgrass Quackgrass Pubescent Wheatgrass Intermediate Wheatgrass Pasture Mix Ryegrass SD CV % LSD 25 Cutting 2nd 3rd Lbs. DM/Acre 3402 3738 3483 3807 4376 4242 4091 4039 3712 3887 3873 4546 4441 4524 3764 6844 5731 5247 6023 5715 6017 4729 4716 5643 2544 2044 3692 5089 3834 4048 4574 3599 4309 3953 3953 4557 4596 5789 5402 1654 1778 1418 1471 1646 1595 1909 1685 1553 1584 1409 1489 1768 1661 1538 2180 2090 1805 1636 1923 2017 1622 1682 1632 1527 1696 1762 1630 1555 1285 1412 1253 1279 1275 1315 1813 1961 2032 1971 2019 2289 2429 2902 2912 2315 2711 1910 3083 2955 2218 2315 1275 3078 2387 2219 2689 2687 247 5 2974 2642 1871 1586 2635 2530 2578 2222 2439 2284 2463 2396 1896 2112 2594 1547 4936 2380 2549 2439 989 22.3 1384 309 18.7 432 738 30.0 1033 Total Rank 7075 7805 7330 8180 8933 8152 8711 7634 8350 8430 7492 8850 7484 9263 7689 11242 10509 9739 10133 10612 10676 8222 7983 9909 6602 6318 7676 9158 7673 7796 8382 6748 7699 7821 6816 11305 8937 10370 9810 35 25 34 21 14 22 16 31 19 17 32 15 33 11 28 2 5 10 7 4 3 20 23 8 38 39 29 12 30 26 18 37 27 24 36 1 13 6 9 1390 16.3 1947 Table 19. Dry matter yield of legumes cut two times at Location II, 1980 Variety Specie Kenland Florex Redland II Mt Barker NK 256 Ladino Medium Common Hungrapoly ESKI VIVA Remont Common Common Palastine Common Empire Dawn Granger Lutana Teton-Travois WL 220 NAPB 53 Apollo Common Coated Cimarron Red Clover 1st Cutting 3rd 2nd Lbs. DM/Acre 3138 3227 2775 -3045 2945 2732 2872 3004 2833 2862 2955 3140 2883 2748 2654 2936 2797 3085 2656 2605 2773 2918 2968 Red Clover Alfalfa 2816 2499 2688 2462 2665 2306 2422 2616 2544 2636 2412 2562 2346 2723 2349 2061 2302 2399 2382 2223 2308 2411 2519 2207 3766 3383 SD %CV LSD (.05) 989 22.3 1384 309 18.7 432 Sub Clover White Clover Red Clover Alsike Clover Red Clover Sainfoin Common Vetch Hairy Vetch Strawberry Clover Big Trefoil Birdsfoot Trefoil Cicer Milkvetch Alfalfa 26 •••••." Total Rank 3013 3987 5954 5726 5443 2462 5710 5251 5153 5488 5548 5469 5274 5517 5486 5606 5097 4715 5238 5195 5467 4880 4912 5183 5437 5175 6780 7370 3 4 13 26 5 16 21 9 7 11 15 8 10 6 22 25 17 18 12 24 23 19 14 20 2 1 738 30.0 1033 1390 16.3 1947 -- --
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