Klamath Experiment Station
Oat Variety Screening in the Klamath Basin, 1995
R.L. Dovel and G. Chilcote'
I
ntroduction
Oats have been a major crop in the Klamath Basin in the past. Although local oat
acreage has declined to about 5,000 acres
in Klamath County, it remains an important
commodity in the area. Klamath Experiment
Station has cooperated in the Uniform Northwestern States Oat Nursery since the 1970s.
Over the years, several outstanding varieties
have been identified and adopted by the agricultural industry. Such varieties include Cayuse, Appaloosa, Border, and Ogle. Most of
these varieties are still in use today; however,
there are several experimental lines that appear
to have higher yield potentials than the currently grown varieties. Several high yielding
lines are also more lodging resistant and have
higher test weights than current industry
standards. The Uniform Northwestern States
Oat Nursery is planted at KES each year to
identify promising new oat lines for release by
public and private breeding programs.
Procedures
The Uniform Northwestern States Oat
Nursery was established at KES on Fordney
fine sandy loam that is moderately deep and
somewhat poorly drained. The previous crop
was potatoes. The crop was irrigated by a
solid set sprinkler system. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design
with four replications. Seed was planted on
May 18 at a depth of 2 inches and a seeding
rate of 100 lb/A. All plots were fertilized with
80 lb N, 100 lb P 20 5 , and 60 lb S/A at time of
1
seeding. Plots measured 5 x 20 feet with a row
spacing of 6 inches. Bromoxynil and MCPA
were applied at labeled rates to control broadleaf weeds. Plots were harvested in late September using a plot combine with a 5-foot
wide header. Grain yield was recorded for all
plots. Test weight was measured in only one
replication.
Results and Discussion
The Uniform Northwestern States Oat
Nursery produced a higher average grain yield
than most other variety trials at KES in 1993,
1994, and 1995. In 1993, oat yields were
higher than other small grains at the station
due to infestations of wheat stem maggot and
common root rot in barley, wheat and triticale,
while oats were relatively unaffected. In 1995,
wheat and barley yields were reduced due to
poor emergence and common root rot. Oat
yields in 1994 were significantly higher than in
1995 and slightly higher than in 1993 (Tables 1
and 2).
The highest yielding entry in the 1995 trial
was 90AB 1322. It was the second ranked
entry in 1994 and over a two-year period it
produced more grain than any other entry in
the trial (Tables 2 and 3). Other entries producing yields in 1995 not significantly lower
than 90AB1322 were 87AB4983, Ajay, Rio
Grande, and Prairie. Over a three-year period,
87AB4983 was the highest yielding entry,
followed by Rio Grande, 87AB5125, and Ajay.
Rio Grande, a newly released oat variety
developed in Idaho, has performed well at
/ Associate Professor and Research Technician, respectively, Klamath Experiment Station,
Klamath Falls, OR.
40 KLAMATH EXPERIMENT STATION 1995
Klamath Experiment Station
Oat Variety Screening in the Klamath Basin, 1995
KES over an extended period of time. It is
slightly shorter than Border and more lodging
resistant, with test weights similar to Border
and superior to Cayuse. Field scale planting of
this variety on small acreages is needed to
examine the adaptation of this promising new
variety on a larger scale.
Ajay is another variety that may fit some
production niches. It is a semi-dwarf line
recently released by the University of Idaho.
Commercial quantities of this variety are now
available. It is generally 8-12 inches shorter
than Cayuse and is very resistant to lodging,
even at high N fertilization rates. In a N
fertility management study conducted at KES,
Ajay produced grain yield equivalent or superior to Cayuse and Monida at all fertilization
rates, and was much less prone to lodging (see
1990 Crop Research at KES). Due to lodging
resistance and high yield potential, Ajay may
be a viable option in high N situations where
traditional oat varieties would not be a wise
choice.
Seed of both 83Ab3250 and 86Ab664 is
being increased in preparation for varietal
release in other states. Over a five-year period
from 1990 to 1994, lodging of 83Ab3250 and
86Ab664 was 3.6 and 12.2 percent, compared
to 15.0 and 10.2 percent for Cayuse and
Border. Test weight of 83Ab3250 was superior to both Cayuse and Border over the same
period. Superior yield, test weight, and lodging resistance make 83Ab3250 a promising oat
line. Efforts to secure its release will continue.
KLAMATH EXPERIMENT STATION 1995 41
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 1. 1995 Northwestern Uniform Oat Nursery.
Grain yield, test weight, lodging, plant height, and date of 50% heading in Julian days (number of days
after January 1) of spring wheat lines planted in the 1995 Northwestern Uniform Oat Nursery. Plots
were established on May 18 at Klamath Experiment Station, Klamath County, OR.
Entry
Variety or
selection
Yield
Test
wt
lb/A
lb/bu
Lodge
Height
50%
Heading
inches
Julian
1
2
3
4
5
Park
Cayuse
Otana
Monida
Ogle
4050
4670
3730
4550
5930
39.0
38.0
40.5
38.5
38.5
15
25
30
30
0
48
45
50
47
40
207
204
206
207
204
6
7
8
9
10
Calibre
Rio Grande (81Ab5792)
Valley (ND 820603)
82Ab248
Ajay (82Ab1142)
1830
6210
5100
5050
6600
38.0
40.5
42.0
38.0
40.5
24
8
8
38
0
53
38
45
44
39
209
202
204
207
207
11
12
13
14
15
83Ab3119
83Ab3250
86Ab664
86Ab1867
Newdak
5800
4850
4930
5330
5720
38.5
37.5
37.5
39.5
38.0
0
51
1
0
6
40
41
47
41
45
208
205
206
206
201
16
17
18
19
20
ND 860416
87Ab5125
84Ab825
88Ab3073+
Derby
4690
5620
5160
4940
3250
42.0
40.5
38.5
46.0
40.5
23
0
3
0
0
49
40
40
42
49
204
208
208
208
204
21
22
23
24
25
86Ab1616+
87Ab4983
89Ab6153
IA H61-3-3
Whitestone (ND 870258)
4300
6840
5740
3990
4960
45.0
41.0
41.0
36.5
39.5
0
0
0
5
13
47
37
35
50
45
209
201
203
206
206
26
27
28
29
30
Paul (ND 862915)+
89Ab1545
90Ab1322
Celsia
Prairie
3940
5640
6970
5120
6160
44.5
41.0
42.0
39.5
40.0
0
0
1
0
0
55
40
40
48
44
207
201
206
206
200
31
32
89Ab4088
91Ab502
5280
5700
42.0
39.5
4
45
43
39
202
200
Mean
LSD (0.05)
CV (%)
5080
1000
10
40.1
10
21
147
44
4
6
205
2
1
42 KLAMATH EXPERIMENT STATION 1995
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 2. Three-Year Summary of Northwestern Uniform Oat Nursery.
Summary of grain yield of the Northwestern Uniform Oat Nursery grown from 1993 to 1995. Two-year averages
represent 1995 and 1994 grain yields. Plots were established at Klamath Experiment Station, Klamath County,
OR.
Variety or
selection
Yield
1995
1994
1993
lb/A
lb/A
lb/A
lb/A
rank
lb/A
rank
Park
Cayuse
Otana
Monida
Ogle
4050
4670
3730
4550
5930
5730
6520
5880
6400
6370
4580
5660
5220
5500
5800
4890
5600
4800
5470
6150
22
17
23
19
7
4790
5620
4940
5480
6030
20
15
19
16
7
Calibre
Rio Grande (81Ab5792)
Valley (ND 820603)
1830
6210
5580
6970
3760
6460
3710
6590
28
3
3720
6550
24
2
82Ab248
Nay (82Ab1142)
5100
5050
6600
6510
6880
6100
5480
5460
5950
5800
5960
6350
15
10
4
5700
5800
6220
14
13
4
83Ab3119
83Ab3250
86Ab664
86Ab1867
5800
4850
4930
5330
6100
7200
6700
6630
6680
6340
6140
5950
5950
6030
5820
5980
11
8
14
9
6190
6130
5920
5970
5
6
9
Newdak
5720
6100
5910
5910
13
5910
8
12
ND 860416
87Ab5125
84Ab825
88Ab3073+
Derby
4690
5620
5160
4940
3250
6350
6870
6690
4500
5530
4870
6430
5880
4100
3450
5520
6250
5920
4720
4390
18
5
12
25
26
5300
6310
5910
4510
4080
17
3
11
22
23
86Ab1616+
87Ab4983
89Ab6153
IA H61-3-3
Whitestone (ND 870258)
4300
6840
5740
3990
4960
5180
6790
5780
6540
5520
4140
7120
6250
4900
4740
6810
5760
5260
5240
24
2
16
20
21
4540
6910
5920
5140
21
1
10
18
Paul (ND 862915)+
89Ab1545
90Ab1322
Celsia
Prairie
3940
5640
6970
5120
6160
4380
6840
7170
4160
6240
7070
27
6
1
89Ab4088
91Ab502
5280
5700
Mean
LSD (0.05)
CV r4
5080
1000
10
6210
730
10
5500
1030
10
2-year Avg
5610
630
10
5570
540
10
KLAMATH EXPERIMENT STATION 1995
43
Klamath Experiment Station
Table 3. General Summary of Northwestern Uniform Oat Nursery.
Grain yield, test weight, lodging, plant height, and date of 50% heading in Julian days (number of days after
January 1) of spring wheat lines planted in the Northwestern Uniform Oat Nursery from 1993 to 1995. Values
represent three-year average of plots at Klamath Experiment Station, Klamath County, OR.
Entry
Variety or
selection
Lodge
Height
50%
Heading
inches
Julian
lb/A
rank
Ib/bu
Park
Cayuse
Otana
Monida
Ogle
4790
5620
4940
20
15
19
5480
6030
16
7
39.2
392
41.7
40.0
15
10
10
17
51
47
50
49
202
199
200
203
39.0
0
44
196
6
7
8
9
10
Calibre
Rio Grande
Valley
82Ab248
/Nay
3720
6550
5700
5800
6220
24
2
14
13
4
40.0
40.8
43.0
39.0
40.5
8
3
8
22
0
53
44
46
46
39
203
197
200
202
200
11
12
13
14
15
83Ab3119
83Ab3250
86Ab664
86Ab1867
Newdak
6190
6130
5920
5970
5910
5
6
9
8
12
38.5
392
39.3
0
17
5
0
3
43
44
48
42
47
202
202
201
197
196
16
17
ND 860416
87Ab5125
40.8
41.3
38.8
47.5
41.8
49
45
200
203
84Ab825
88Ab3073+
Derby
17
3
11
22
23
23
0
18
19
20
5300
6310
5910
4510
4080
8
0
0
44
43
54
202
203
201
21
22
86Ab1616+
87Ab4983
4540
6910
21
1
46.0
412
7
7
49
43
203
197
23
24
89Ab6153
IA H61-3-3
5920
5140
10
18
41.8
38.8
0
2
40
51
196
201
40.8
2.0
3
7
46
2
200
1
1
1
2
3
4
5
Mean
LSD (0.05)
CV (` /4
)
44
Test
wt
Yield
5570
540
10
KLAMATH EXPERIMENT STATION 1995
41.5
39.5
13
24
6