Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: T0264/Intelijensia Semu
: Juli 2006
: 2/1
Pertemuan 19
Understanding
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :
• << TIK-99 >>
• << TIK-99>>
2
Outline Materi
•
•
•
•
•
Materi 1
Materi 2
Materi 3
Materi 4
Materi 5
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14.1. What Is Understanding
•
Computer understanding has so far bee applied
primarily to images, speech and type language.
•
1.
2.
3.
Pengembangan lebih lanjut adalah ke :
Computer vision
Speech Recognition
Natural Language Processing
4
14.2. What Makes Understanding Hard ?
• Complexity of target representation
• Type of mapping
• Interaction between components
• Presence of noise
5
Type of Mapping
A := B + C x D
:=
+
A
x
B
C
D
6
Level interaction among component
x : A  B  C  (( D  cos Q)  sin R )
:=
x
+
+
*
A
B
*
D
Cos
SQRT
Sin
Q
R
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Level interaction among component
“John saw the boy in the park with telescope”
S
NP
John
VP
V
NP
DET
PP
N
PP
saw
with a telescope
the
boy
in the park
8
Level interaction among component
“John saw the boy in the park with a dog”
S
NP
John
VP
V
NP
DET
PP
N
PP
saw
with a dog
the
boy
in the park
9
Level interaction among component
“John saw the boy in the park with a statue”
S
NP
John
VP
V
NP
DET
N
the
boy
PP
saw
in the park
with a statue
10
Level interaction among component
• Changing a single word can alter not just a
single node of the interpretation, but rather
its entire structure.
• The triangle indicate substructures whose
further decomposition is not important.
• Nonlocality can be a problem at all level of
an understanding process (the boy in the
park, example).
• The problem how to group phrases together.
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A Speech Waveform
• Actual speech waveform, in which the lack of local clues,12
even for segmenting into individual sounds, can be seen.
<< Closing >>
End of Pertemuan 19
Good Luck
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