Matakuliah
Tahun
Versi
: T0234 / Sistem Informasi Geografis
: 2005
: 01/revisi 1
Pertemuan 09
Kebutuhan Sistem
1
Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan
mahasiswa akan mampu :
• Merumuskan kebutuhan-kebutuhan atas
Sistem Informasi Geografis (C2, TIK09)
2
Outline Materi
• Materi 1 : Problem Identification
• Materi 2 : Rich Picture
• Materi 3 : Root Definition
3
Problem Identification
• The problem that the GIS will address must
be identified
• There are 2 techniques that can be used to
assist problem identification : creating a rich
picture or developing a root definition.
• Both these 2 techniques are drawn from the
soft system approach (Checkland, 1981;
Wood-Harper et al., 1995) to system design.
Lihat Buku Referensi Utama halaman 234-235
4
Rich Picture
• Schematic view of the problem a project will address.
• It presents the main components of the problem, as well as
any interactions that exist.
• Adopted from Avison & Wood-Harper (1991), Reeve (1996),
and Skidmore & Wroe (1998)
• These include the use of :
a. Crossed Swords : expresses conflict
b. Eyes : represent external observers
c. Speech Bubbles : personal or group opinions
(See a sample in the next picture)
5
Rich Picture (2)
Lihat Buku Referensi Utama
halaman 236
6
Root Definition (1)
* A statement of an individual's or group's perspective on the
problem.
* Different users have different views of a problem. In the
house-hunting GIS,the views of groups involved in the
design process might be quite different and lead to a
degree of conflict.
* For example, home buyers may see the GIS as "a system to
help identify and rank possible homes", whereas the
estate agents may see it as"a system to help maximize
house sales".
7
Root Definition (2)
•
•
These two statements are the root definitions of these
particular groups.
The system developer must get these two groups to agree
on a common root definition.
* For example, "a system that identifies properties for sale
which meet the requirements of individual home
buyers".
8
Problem Identification : Questions
• What is the problem you wish to address with GIS ? Is the
problem structured or un structured ?
• Can the problem be summarized in a rich picture ? Does
the rich picture include the views of all those who will use
the GIS and all those who will be affected by it ?
• Can a single root definition be defined for the problem ? Is
this root definition acceptable to all potential users and
those who will be affected by the GIS ?
• Can the problem be tackled within the resources
available ? Would it be better to break the problem into
smaller component parts and tackle one of these first ?
9
Penutup
• Mahasiswa diharapkan telah mampu
merumuskan kebutuhan-kebutuhan atas
Sistem Informasi Geografis dengan
menggunakan Rich Pictures & Root
Definition.
10