Subject
Year
: S0695 / STATICS
: 2008
Introduction
Session 01-02
Introduction to Class’ Rules
Everybody have to :
•
•
•
•
•
•
Attend the class at least for 10 class session, Tolerance for late students 15 minutes.
Participate in class discussion.
Smoking and sandals in class is NOT allowed
Be an active student
Pay attention about the course material before entering the class session
Search others source to completely the topic ( online reading, browsing the internet,
going to Library )
• Do all the exercises ( IT IS VERY IMPORTANT !! )
• Ready to do assignments/Quiz any time in the class session
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Introduction to Homework’s Rules
• Everybody have to make all home work assignment and give to the
lecturer/ lecturer assistant on the time.
• Whoever doesn’t attend the class without permission, her/his HW
assignment in this session class will not be appraiser
• Do your best for HW Assignment
• Every session has min. 5 additional problems for HW ( from Lecturer
/ Lecturer Assistant ), beside your main HW that you can download
from Binus Maya
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Classification of your HW Assignment
Type :
• Personal
Format :
• There is no a special format but, do your HW systematically & easy to understand
• If there are instructions to draw the graphics/picture/diagrams you may use
“millimeter block” papers
Sources :
• RC Hibbeler. (2006). Structural Analysis. 6th Ed.Pearson Prentice Hall. Singapore.
• Leet,Kenneth M, Chia Ming Huang. (2005). Fundamental of Structural Analysis.
2nd Ed. Mc Graw Hill. Singapore.
• Daniel L Schodek. (2004). Structures. 5th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
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Introduction to STATICS
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What are Statics ?
…..is the branch of applied physics
that concerned with the analysis of loads
(e.g force, torque/moment) on physical systems
in static
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equilibrium
What is Statics equilibrium condition ?
The system is either at rest, or moving at constant velocity
through its center of mass.
this situation implies that the net force and
moment on
zero ( Newton Law 2nd ) meaning
that for every force bearing upon a member, there must
be an equal and opposite force
every body in the system is
,
The net forces equalling zero is known as the first condition for
equilibrium, and the net torque equalling zero is known as the
second condition for equilibrium.
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Statics Equilibrium
Equilibrium means :
The forces are
Balanced,
not necessary equal
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Statics Equilibrium
50 N
80 N
80 N
Σ Fy = 0
Σ Fx = 0
80 N = 80 N
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50 N = 50 N
50 N
Statics Equilibrium
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Sources: The Physic Classroom Tutorial
Statics Equilibrium
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Sources: The Physic Classroom Tutorial
Why do we learn Statics ?
to analyze structural systems for use as part of the built
infrastructure by develop an understanding of and an appreciation
of the role of structural systems within the built
environment.
We also learned the behavior of structures under
environmental loads such as wind, snow and earthquakes ;
the impact of analysis and design decisions on the health and
safety of the public is emphasized.
Statics are fundamental knowledge for Structural analysis
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What are structural Analysis ?
Structural analysis is a
mathematical
examination of a complex structure, that analyze breaks
a complex system down to individual component parts by using
geometry, trigonometry, algebra, and
basic physics concepts
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Historical of Development Structural System
1.
Pre History
Stability, by trial and error
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Historical of Development Structural System
2. Before World War
Column for
decoration
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Historical of Development Structural System
3. World War
Steel – Welding System
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Historical of Development Structural System
4. After World War
Concrete
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Historical of Development Structural System
5. Millenium Era –by using computer programs
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1.1. Structural Element
All structures are composed of a number of basic
structural elements as follow :
Tension
hanger
shell
Beam
Column
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Dome with cable
structures
1.1. Structural Element
1.1.1. Tension Hanger Æ Axially loaded members in tension
The tension member is direct function of tensile strength
of material. These member are rather slender , and often
chosen from rod , bars, angles or channel ( cross section)
Rod
Channel
Bar
Angle
Cross section types
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Sources : RC Hibbeler. (2006). Structural Analysis. 6th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Singapore.
1.1. Structural Element
1.1.2. Beam Æ Loaded created shear bending moment
When load applied beam bends and deflects into a shallow
curve. Heavily loaded in beams, shear stress t produced
by V ( Force ) relative small than M ( Moment ) that
produced by longitudinal bending stress
P
σC
M
Δ
L
VA
D
VB
VA
Shallow curve
Internal forces
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σt
Bending stresses
1.1. Structural Element
1.1.3. Columns Æ Axially Loaded members in compression
Columns also carry load in direct stress very efficiently,
Members that are generally vertical & resist axial
compressive loads are referred to as columns
P
F
F
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Axially Loaded column
V
Cantilever column with buckling load P
1.1. Structural Element
1.1.4. Beam Columns
Columns are subject to an axial load and resist axial load
& bending moment
M
P
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1.1. Structural Element
1.1.5. Planar Trusses Æ all members axially loaded
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1.1. Structural Element
1.1.6. Cables Æ Flexible members stress in tension by
transverse loads cables are relatively slender
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1.1. Structural Element
1.1.7. Rigid Frame Æ Stressed by axial load and moment
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1.1. Structural Element
1.1.8. Plates or Slabs Æ load carried by bending
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1.1. Structural Element
1.1.9. Thin Shells / curved surfaced element / dome
Stresses acting primarily in plane elements
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1.2. Types of Structure
Classification of basic
structural according
to… Æ
Sources :
Daniel L Schodek. (2004). Structures. 5th Ed.
Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
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1.2. Types of Structure
1.2.1. Stiffness
According to stiffness characteristic, there are
a. rigid structure
Sources :
Daniel L Schodek. (2004). Structures. 5th Ed.
Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
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1.2. Types of Structure
1.2.1. Stiffness
According to stiffness characteristic, there are
a. rigid structure
Sources :
Daniel L Schodek. (2004). Structures. 5th Ed.
Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
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1.2. Types of Structure
1.2.1. Stiffness
According to stiffness characteristic, there are
b. flexible structure
Sources :
Daniel L Schodek. (2004). Structures. 5th Ed.
Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
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1.2. Types of Structure
1.2.2. System
According to system
of structure, there
are
a. One way system
b. Two way system
Sources :
L Schodek. (2004). Structures. 5th Ed.
Pearson Prentice Hall. New Jersey.
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Daniel
1.2. Types of Structure
1.2.3. Material
Classification to material used :
• Wood
• Concrete
• Steel
• Composite
• etc
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1.3. Loads Types
1.3.1. Loading Types
a. Concentrated Loading
b. Distributed Loading
b.1. Uniformly distributed Loading
b.2. Divergent distributed loading
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1.3. Loads Types
1.3.2. Load Classification
1.3.2.1. Dead Loads
Æ are those loads which are considered to act permanently; they are "dead," stationary,
and unable to be removed.
The self-weight of the structural members provides the largest portion of the dead load
of a structure. Permanent non-structural elements such as roofing, flooring, pipes,
ducts, interior partition walls, Environmental Control Systems machinery, elevator
machinery and all other construction systems within a building must also be included in
the calculation of the total dead load
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1.3. Loads Types
1.3.2. Load Classification
1.3.2.2. Live Loads
Æ are those loads which are transient and can change in
magnitude. They include all items found within a building during it's
life including people, furniture, machinery, vehicles,
equipment etc
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1.3. Loads Types
1.3.2. Load Classification
1.3.2.3. Natural Loads ( Wind, Earthquake, Rain, Snow etc )
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1.3. Loads Types
1.3.2. Load Classification
1.3.2.4. Other Natural Loads
Load from soil pressure, thermally induced, hydrostatic etc
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1.3. Loads Types
1.3.2. Load Classification
1.3.2.5. Combination of Loads
Produces the large value of force represent the load
which must be design
ASCE Æ
1.4 DL
1.2 DL + 1.6 LL + 0.5 SL
1.2 DL + 1.5 EL + 0.5 LL
Please check “ Peraturan Pembebanan Indonesia “ , publised by Pekerjaan Umum Dept.Indonesia
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1.3. Loads Types
1.3.3. Load Characteristics
1.3.3.1. Statics Load
1.3.3.2. Dynamics Load Æ Earthquake
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