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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod
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Slide 1 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems
Presented By:
Peter Katcha
Ronstan International, Inc.
7600 Bryan Dairy Road N.,
Largo, FL 33777
Description:
This program covers information about the different types of
stainless steel and those most commonly used for cable and rod
systems, why you should choose to use stainless steel over other
materials, how stainless steel rigging has developed, how stainless
steel cable is constructed and the different options available, how
cable and rod systems are assembled, the different cable and rod
assemblies currently available and their various architectural and
structural applications.
AIA/CES Info:
Provider No. J624, – Course # AEC004; LUs – 1
MCE Info:
Contact your respective governmental licensing & regulatory agency.
Expiration date:
February 28, 2005
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©2004
Slide 2 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
How to use this Online Learning Course
•
Read and review the material contained in this seminar.
•
Each slide may contain additional Instructor comments. To view these
comments, double-click on the
icon. Then, click on the comment window
to scroll through the text.
•
To view this presentation, use the previous/next keys on each slide or the up
and down arrow keys on your keyboard.
•
To receive a certificate indicating course completion, refer to the instructions
at the end of the seminar.
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For additional information and post-seminar assistance, click on any of the
logos and icons within a page or any of the links at the top of each page.
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Slide 3 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this seminar, participants will have a
better understanding of:
•
•
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Differentiating Stainless Steel Material Types & Grades
Why Choose Stainless Steel as a Material?
How Stainless Steel Rigging Benefits You & Your Client
The Development of Stainless Steel Rigging
Stainless Steel Cable Assembly Options & How to Specify
The Stainless Steel Cable Assembly Fabrication Process
Stainless Steel Rod History & How to Specify
Applications for Stainless Steel Cable & Rod Systems
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Slide 4 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Systems
Glazed
Structures
Stainless steel fittings are used as key structural
components in fabric and membrane structures, as
well as glass wall systems.
There are many different applications for these
systems and are only limited by your imagination
Stainless steel rod systems and cable assemblies can
be used as structural tendons and in aesthetic
applications
Structural
Cables
Fabric Structures
Structural Rods
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Aesthetic Cables and
Railing
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Slide 5 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Stainless Steel Families
•
Martensitic - Higher Carbon & 12% Chromium.
Magnetic.
• Kitchen cutlery
•
Ferritic – Lower Carbon, 13-17% Chromium added.
Magnetic.
• Softer grade, used for building trim and flashing.
•
Austenitic – High chromium levels (at least 18%) &
addition of Nickel & Molybdenum
• Non-magnetic
• Marine grade
Regardless of the availability of the high-tech materials, 316 grade stainless
steel remains the most commercially sound material when factoring strength,
corrosion resistance, and material cost.
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Slide 6 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Stainless Steel – The Dominant Material
•
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•
•
Stainless steels come in many different varieties. In general terms, stainless
steels are a group of corrosion resistant materials containing a minimum of 12%
of chromium.
There are 3 main types, Martensitic is magnetic and has a moderate carbon
content and 12% chromium. Its typical applications are cutlery, aerospace and
general engineering.
Ferritic is also magnetic and has a low carbon content but increased chromium,
between 13 and 17%. Typically used in trim work.
Austenitic is non magnetic, has a chromium concentration of at least 18% and
adds nickel which further increases the corrosion resistance. These are the most
widely used group of stainless steels.
Note: It is critical to understand what grade of stainless steel is being used to
ensure the expected performance results.
316 grade stainless steel contains molybdenum, which even further increases
the corrosion resistance. It is commonly known as “marine grade” and is
predominantly used for architectural rigging systems.
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Slide 7 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Why Stainless Steel for Architectural Rigging?
•
•
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Strength derived from cold drawing.
Offers superior corrosion resistance.
Provides structural integrity & long life.
DRAWN WIRE
DIE
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Slide 8 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Stainless Steel vs. Mild Steel
•
•
Cold drawing of
stainless steel
provides a
significant strength
increase over mild
steel.
The cross-sectional
area of a stainless
steel tendon
therefore is smaller
and has less visual
impact.
S31600
800
600
Mild Steel
200
0.2 % proof stress
0.002
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0.006
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Slide 9 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
CASE HISTORY
Project: Parallel Vehicular and Fishing Piers
Location: Progreso, Mexico
Proper steel material selection is critical for a
project's extended lifespan, especially in or near a
corrosive marine environment.
The Pier (pictured above) was constructed
with stainless steel and has withstood
vehicular traffic for over 50 years. The
fishing pier (pictured left) had to be
dismantled due to the deterioration of its
carbon steel structure, even though it was
installed 30 years later than the bridge
supported with stainless steel."
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Slide 10 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Why use Stainless Steel instead of Galvanized steel?
•
•
•
•
Photo provided by the Nickel Development
Institute
Aesthetic appeal.
Greater corrosion resistance.
Requires very small amount of maintenance.
Stainless steel costs more initially (around 50% more).
But galvanized cables will require replacement
approximately twice as often as stainless steel.
Galvanized steel requires a costly maintenance
program. Stainless steel in most cases only requires a
rinse with fresh water.
• In this example the contractor went for the
galvanized option. It was installed around 6-7 years
ago and has had the cables replaced 2 times already.
The cables are used as edge cables in the PVC coated
fabric and rust and bleed through the fabric. Stainless
steel does not rust in this situation, costing far less
over the life of the project.
• Notice rust damage to surroundings.
www.nidi.org
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Slide 11 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Galvanized vs. Stainless Steel
140
120
Additional
Operating Cost
Replacement
Cost
Maintenance
Cost
Initial Cost
100
80
60
40
20
0
Stainless
Steel
Paint / Galv
Steel
Lifecycle Cost Graph
Stainless vs. Painted Galvanized
Photo provided by the Nickel Development
Institute
www.nidi.org
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Slide 12 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Selecting the Right Grade of
Stainless Steel
The Chrysler building in New York was
completed in 1929 and clad with stainless
steel, and has been professionally cleaned
twice in 70 years. There is no sign of rust and it
still shines very brightly. Its low maintenance
surface is cleaned naturally by the rain.
The excellent condition of the cladding is
especially notable in the corrosive
environment that this building exists.
Corrosive environmental conditions include
the pollution in the city as well as salt from
sea breezes and deicing salts.
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Slide 13 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Buildings of the Future
Given the size and stature of this
building, the tallest in the world, the
design team determined that 316
Stainless Steel was the right cladding
material to use.
Maintenance costs are minimized due to
the natural cleansing of rainfall.
Though the cladding was initially more
costly over other available options,
when the life cycle building costs were
studied, the material was the only
obvious choice.
Like the Chrysler Building, the Petronas
Twin Towers are in a high humidity, and
corrosive environment.
Petronas Twin Towers
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Slide 14 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
The Evolution of Standing Rigging - Hemp
First introduced in by the Chinese (BC), hemp was
generally required to be very large and heavy in
order to achieve the required loads.
Hemp had relatively
low stretch, high
strength to volume
ratio, and therefore
was the best option
available until the
1840s.
First standing rigging - Hemp
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The problem with
Hemp is that it is
susceptible to
rotting in damp
conditions and
therefore had to be
tarred.
Endeavour 1768
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Slide 15 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
The Evolution of Standing Rigging – Wire Rope
Early Steel Wire Rope
Developed from iron in 1860’s
allowed for stronger tendons
and hence larger masts and
more power to drive larger
boats. However, the mild steel
was still prone to corrosion and
would need to be replaced
regularly
Belem 1898
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Slide 16 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
The Evolution of Standing Rigging – SS Wire Rope
In the early 1900’s we saw the use of
smaller diameter tendons.
Wire rope constructed out of stainless
steel also provided lower stretch than
steel and solved the problem of corrosion
from salt water.
J CLASS SLOOP -AMERICA’S CUP
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Slide 17 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Cable Construction
Stage One
Wire
Stage Two
Strand
Stage Three
Rope
Cable is constructed by using multiple
wires. We first start out with one wire.
By combining a number of wires together
we get “strand”.
Strand V’s Wire
Rope
The combination of several strands gives
us “Wire Rope”.
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Slide 18 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Cable Construction Options
Preferred specification Grade 316, 1 x 19 Strand
Generally the more wires and strands there are the
more flexibility and stretch there is. This also gives
slightly less strength. The 7x19 is very flexible and is
used for applications where the cable is turned through
sharp angles.
Strand V’s Wire
Rope
The 7x7 is not as flexible as 7x19, but can still be flexed
very easily. It has less stretch than 7x19 and is a little
stronger. The 1x19 has a small amount of flexibility, but
is stronger and has less stretch than the 7x19 and 7x7. It
is the most commonly used construction for
architectural cable systems.
These cable options are commonly available in sizes
from 3/32” through to 1”. Larger sizes can be found but
require special ordering.
Grade 316, 1 x 19 strand is the wire rope of choice for
architectural applications.
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Slide 19 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Specifying Stainless Cable Systems
This table shows the minimum break
strength for the different stainless
steel grade 316 cable sizes.
Wire Diameter
1 x 19
mm
In
kN
kg
lbs
3.2
1/8
7.06
720
1587
4.0
5/32
12.60
1285
2833
4.8
3/16
18.90
1930
4255
5.6
7/32
24.20
2470
5445
6.4
_
34.00
3440
7584
7.0
9/32
35.00
3549
7824
8.0
5/16
46.00
4640
10229
9.5
3/8
65.00
6580
14506
• Grade 316 cable
11.1
7/16
86.00
8770
19335
• 1 x 19 strand
12.7
_
119.00
12101
26670
• Wire diameter
14.3
9/16
139.00
14174
31248
• Connection types
15.9
5/8
182.00
18559
40916
19.0
_
212.00
21618
47660
22.2
7/8
285.00
29062
64071
25.4
1
398.00
40585
89475
It is very important to specify that the
stainless steel cable has the relevant
test and material certificates.
Reputable cable suppliers will supply
certificates as a matter of course.
In specifying a stainless steel cable
system include the following criteria
in the specification:
Drawings should indicate:
• Pin-to-pin dimension
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Slide 20 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Termination Options
swage terminal
The swage terminal can only move in and out of a
threaded cavity, providing tensioning. It is threaded
at one end and is most commonly used with a
turnbuckle in structural applications.
swage eye
The swage eye requires a pin to fix the eye end. It
can rotate in one plane about the eye.
The swage fork usually attaches to a saddle or a lug.
It also rotates only in one plane about the pin.
swage fork
The swage toggle which attaches to either a saddle
of lug rotates in both planes about each of the pins.
This is most commonly used where the most
movement is required.
The termination type is determined by wire
diameter not structural load.
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swage toggle
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Slide 21 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabrication Options – 3 Primary methods
There are 3 ways to terminate the end of a cable.
Ferrule Eye and Wire Rope Grips are temporary
solutions. Only a Swage fitting is permanent.
Ferrule eye
The ferrule eye involves feeding the wire through a
copper ferrule, around a thimble and back through
the copper ferrule. The ferrule is then squashed
down onto the wire. This is very inexpensive, but
reduces the strength of the wire by 35%.
Wire rope grips
The wire rope grips work like the copper ferrule but
can be removed at any time after installation. They
are temporary, bulky, and can reduce the strength of
the wire by as much as 35%.
Swage terminal end
The Swage terminal end involves feeding the wire
straight into the fitting and a Hydraulic press is used
to cold draw the fitting over the wire. This forms an
almost solid stainless steel rod and also retains 100%
strength in the wire. It is the most commonly used
termination method for stainless steel cable systems.
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Slide 22 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Adjustable Cable Assembly Options
swage stud
swage stud
turnbuckle
swage toggle
swage toggle
turnbuckle
There are many different options for cable systems. Cables are used for
applications where there is a tensile load. These examples are all adjustable and
give varying amounts of adjustment. The larger the cable the more thread there
is for adjustment.
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Slide 23 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Stainless Steel Rod Systems
The advantage of stainless steel rod systems
over cable systems is that it provides both
compression and tension factors in the
assembly.
This technology has evolved from high
performance yachts now using stainless steel
rod rigging instead of tradition cabling.
M O D E R N E R A- A M E R I C A ’ S C U P
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Slide 24 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Rod System Fitting Options
rod eye
rod eye
rod fork
rod fork
rod fork
rod eye
joiner
Stainless steel rod assemblies are also available in varying options. Rods are typically
used where the load is in tension, but will also allow for some compression load.
They are commonly available with either eye or fork ends. The ends have opposing
threads, which make the entire assembly work like a turnbuckle allowing you to
vary the overall length. Joiners are used for lengths longer than 9 feet.
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Slide 25 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Specifying Rod Systems
This table gives the minimum
break strength and weights for
stainless steel grade 316 rods.
When specifying a stainless
steel rod system include the
following criteria in the
specification:
Rod Diameter
mm (in.)
Thread
U.N.F. in.
Yield Load
kN
(lb)
kN
ULT Load
(lb)
kg/m
Weight
(lb/ft)
4.8
(3/16)
3/16
4.4
(980)
8.7
(1960)
0.141
(0.095)
6.4
(_)
_
8.0
(1800)
16.0
(3590)
0.250
(0.168)
7.9
(5/16)
5/16
13.0
(2860)
26.0
(5720)
0.391
(0.262)
9.5
(3/8)
3/8
16.0
(3590)
33.0
(7370)
0.481
(0.323)
12.7
(_)
_
27.0
(6090)
53.0
(11950)
0.865
(0.582)
5/8
42.0
(9460)
85.0
(19140)
1.381
(0.928)
_
62.0
(13920)
124.0 (27830)
2.008
(1.349)
7/8
85.0
(19090)
169.0 (37950)
3.065
(2.060)
1
110.0
(24760)
220.0 (49520)
4.003
(2.690)
1_
178.0
(40030)
356.0 (80050)
6.255
(4.203)
Grade 316 rod
15.9 (5/8)
Rod diameter
19.0
Connection types
22.2 (7/8)
Surface finish, #7 or #4
25.4
(_)
(1)
31.8 (1 _)
Drawings should indicate:
Pin-to-pin dimension
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Slide 26 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
The design of a fabric structure is very detailed and can only be done
by certain designers who have a great amount of experience. It is
not as simple as stringing up some cloth and hoping that it works.
Each structure consists of many individual fabric pieces designed so
that the structure deflects the wind and rain and in some situations
the snow. Professional fabric structure designers ensure they are
designed and built correctly to make it easy for you to incorporate
them into a project. Stainless steel cables are used as edge cables on
this project.
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Slide 27 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
Fabric Structures provide form and function. This design protects people from the
sun but also from the rain. The conical shape, created by the fabric design, funnels
excess rainwater into a storm drain, keeping those next to the building dry.
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Slide 28 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
The project uses
stainless steel cable
assemblies to tension
the structure and as
edge cables in the fabric.
As you can see the size
of the cables is quite
small compared with
the size of the
attachment point.
Stainless steel is very
high in strength and
does not require large
sizing to meet high
loads.
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Slide 29 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
PVC coated fabrics have
very good sound reflection
qualities and have been
used for a number of
sound shells. This one is
also a floating stage and
can be motored across the
water for different events.
Given that stainless steel
rigging products have
been used on yachts for
many years, they are
ideally suited to this salt
water environment.
Cables have been used
here along the edges of
the fabric.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
This project in Hong Kong required
the structure to be Typhoon rated. As
you can see from the support posts it
obviously can withstand some serious
wind loads.
Stainless steel fittings are used to
connect the fabric to the posts and as
edge cables in the fabric. You can see
that the size of the product is very small,
but still achieves a very high load. It is
also in a very corrosive environment
and this is where stainless steel
becomes the only possible choice.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
This fabric structure
design is referred to
as a “Flying Mast”.
The tension cables
are effectively
pushing the mast
upwards forming the
shape of the
structure.
Below this is a
shopping mall with
restaurants and
cafés.
The design provides
ventilation and frees
up the space
underneath.
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Slide 32 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
These represent
standard fabric/cable
toggle support
terminations.
Toggle terminations are
ideally suited to fabric
structures that move in
multiple planes.
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Slide 33 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
Fabric structures not only look great in
the day time, but at night with the use
of lights create a spectacular site.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Fabric Structures
When the loads applied exceed that of the
stainless steel cable assemblies, twin cables can be
used to share the load and also reduce the sizing.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Limitations
Typically, stainless steel should not be specified where it comes
into contact with chlorine. This design does not allow the
chlorine and stainless steel to come in contact with each other.
The cables in the water are protected by a tube, which rises
slightly out of the water. The fact that the project is outdoors
also helps to clean the structure with rain water. It also acts as
a funnel directing the rain water over the central cables.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Glazed Structures
This expanse of glass wall is
approximately 300 feet long
and looks over the horse racing
track.
It provides an uninterrupted
view of the races, while
protecting the race goers from
the elements. Stainless steel
cable and rod systems are used
to give the glass wall rigidity,
while not upsetting the view.
This structural glass curtain wall
is the largest expanse of glass
in the southern hemisphere.
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Slide 37 of 64
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Glazed Structures
The tensioning elements
provide structural support
without impeding vision.
Larger expanses of glass
increase weight and
structural loads.
Stainless steel cable and
rod assemblies give this
needed support while not
upsetting the transparency
of the structure
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Glazed Structures
Detail view of
stainless steel
glazing structural
support system
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Glazed Structures
These glazed
structures are
supported by
stainless steel rod
and cable assemblies.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Glazed Structures
Ideally suited for
glazed structures,
stainless steel cable
and rod systems
provide significant
structural support and
an uninterrupted view
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Glazed Structures
The left image shows rods connecting to each corner of the
frame and coming back to the central node. The parallel
(double) cables run from the base to the top of the structure
and also pass through the node. Twin cables were used to
reduce the size and give better visibility.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Glazed Structures
By tensioning the
cables each
section of frame is
effectively pulled
inwards forming a
rigid structure.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Stainless Steel Rods
This is an integration of several different
building materials.
Glass, timber, mild steel, and stainless steel are
combined to provide a vertical timber-look
frame.
The frame is actually a mild steel cross section
with “Jarrah” (Teak-like timber) used as infill, to
give the appearance of timber posts.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Stainless Steel Rods
Stainless steel rod
systems are used to pull
the outside edge of the
glass section down.
The rods provide a high
strength support
structure without
distracting from the
canopy itself.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Stainless Steel Rods
The rod lengths were long and required additional adjustment. By
incorporating a turnbuckle, the necessary adjustment was provided ensuring
the proper amount of tension to the structure.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Stainless Steel Rods
Stainless steel rod
termination details
should be designed to
blend with the overall
facade and not dominate.
With creatively
constructed attachment
points, the entire rod
assembly can be made to
disappear, leaving an
intriguing design.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Stainless Steel Rods
Stainless steel rods are
excellent tension members
to support designs and
prevent resonance.
This flight of stairs is
supported entirely by the
stainless rods, providing
the atrium with a
seemingly larger area. The
termination details again,
blend very well
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Stainless Steel Rods
This design shows a common use for
stainless steel rods; supporting an
aluminum awning.
This project highlights the need to
work closely with the awning supplier
to ensure the appropriate attachment
points are installed to marry with the
rod termination fittings.
As you can see the rods look very
streamlined, but the agricultural
looking eye bolts distract from the
overall appearance.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Stainless Steel Rods
Stainless steel rods are ideal in this
application as they prevent the awning
from lifting.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Cables
This is the Sydney Olympic stadium,
it seats 125,000 people. The artistic
feature uses stainless steel cables to
hold it out from the wall.
The cables are used because
they do not distract from the
feature. They serve the
purpose of supporting
without interrupting.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Cables
The stainless steel
cables provide a
clean support
mechanism for this
pedestrian bridge.
With the increased
awareness for
urban renewal,
along with the
combination of
inner city river
redevelopments,
pedestrian bridges
have become a
popular solution to
encourage inner
city foot traffic.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Cables
With this pedestrian
bridge crossing the
salt water of
Baltimore's inner
harbor, stainless
steel is a perfect
solution for the
support and railing
infill cables.
Notice the stainless
does not distract
from the wood
planks and handrail,
keeping with the
bridge’s theme.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Cables
Typically glass canopies are
tensioned with rod systems
to prevent uplifting.
However, if the dead load
is significant, cable
assemblies can be utilized.
This canopy, with its heavy
steel support structure, will
keep the cables in tension.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Structural Cables
This project is an example of
how working with the
engineer to find out what
loads each cable will take is
very important.
The engineer specified each
cable at the same diameter
originally and the initial price
was nearly 2 times the budget.
By speaking with the engineer
it was found that most of the
cables could be reduced in
size. This process halved the
cost and allowed the project
to proceed.
This canopy is over a mall very
close to the water and represents
waves coming into the mall. It is
made from Plexiglas and is
supported by stainless steel cables.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Aesthetic Cable Infill and Railings
Railings, with cable infill,
provide a low visual impact
safety barrier.
3/16” diameter cable is
typical for these
applications.
Cable spacing should be 3
inches on-center to allow
for cable deflection.
Check with local AHJ for
specific requirements and
limitations.
Tamper resistant
components are available
on a limited basis.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Aesthetic Cables and Railings
The cable termination
option used in this
project requires an
allen key to adjust the
cable tension.
This termination is
suited for balconies
and other railings with
runs less than 35'.
This sleek termination
option, designed for
railings, requires access
to the back side of the
railing end posts.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Aesthetic Cables and Railings
This pedestrian
bridge features a
stainless steel
cable infill railing.
The railing system
is pitched inward
to prevent or limit
small children
from climbing.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Aesthetic Cables and Railings
Interior applications, such
as retail stores, can utilize
stainless steel cable and
rods tensioning systems
for a nautical look and
provide hanging displays.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Aesthetic Cables and Balustrades (Railings)
Aesthetic stainless steel cabling is an outstanding conduit
for foliage growth. This image shows a walkway utilizing
cable infill to promote the growth of bougainvillea.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Aesthetic Cables and Balustrades (Railings)
This walkway is just over 1 mile long,
therefore maintenance was a concern.
The stainless cabling will not be affected by
the organic growth, hence the maintenance
is nominal for these green designs.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Aesthetic Cables and Balustrades (Railings)
Stainless steel cabling can provide many solutions for outdoor and public park design. By
creating this tensioned structure, the landscape designers can integrate foliage growth into
this design.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
Summary
•
Stainless Steel Architectural Rigging Systems offer two tendon styles: Cabling and Rod.
•
Stainless steel can be cold worked into small diameters, while retaining high working loads, providing a
high strength to volume ratio.
•
Both tension elements offer low visual impact tensioning solutions that are limited only by imagination.
•
There are many grades of stainless steel available, providing different strengths and corrosion resistant
properties.
•
Grade 316 stainless steel offers the best combination of strength, corrosion resistance, availability, and
price. Ask for it!
•
Rigging, utilized to secure masts on sailboats, evolved from hemp rope to mild steel to stainless steel
over a 150-year period.
•
When specifying stainless steel cable tensioning elements, begin with the grade of material (316 SS) and
wire composition (1x19 strand).
•
Next specify required diameter and pin-to-pin lengths; these lengths will dictate terminal options.
•
The swaging process is the preferred method of wire rope termination fabrication. Wire rope grips and
copper ferrules are short term connection options, not suitable for architectural design.
•
Stainless steel rods do not require swaging. They utilize threaded ends to assemble the components.
•
Fabric Structures and railing infill systems utilize cabling.
•
Entrance Canopies predominantly utilize rod systems.
•
Cabling and rods are often used together in glass curtain wall designs.
•
Cable railing infill is very popular and offers a low visual impact and virtually maintenance free barrier.
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Stainless Steel Cable and Rod Tensioning Systems for Architectural Design
CONCLUSION OF THIS MODULE
•
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